FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Neuringer, M Sandstrom, MM Johnson, EJ Snodderly, DM AF Neuringer, M Sandstrom, MM Johnson, EJ Snodderly, DM TI Nutritional manipulation of primate retinas, I: Effects of lutein or zeaxanthin supplements on serum and macular pigment in xanthophyll-free rhesus monkeys SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS; FATTY-ACID DEFICIENCY; DIETARY-FAT; TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; LIGHT DAMAGE; FISH INTAKE; AGE AB PURPOSE. The xanthophylls lutein ( L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are the primary components of macular pigment ( MP) and may protect the macula from age-related degeneration (AMD). In this study, L or Z was fed to rhesus monkeys reared on xanthophyll-free diets to follow the accumulation of serum carotenoids and MP over time. METHODS. Eighteen rhesus monkeys were fed xanthophyll-free semipurified diets from birth until 7 to 16 years. The diets of six were then supplemented with pure L and six with pure Z at 3.9 mumol/kg per day (2.2 mg/kg per day) for 24 to 56 weeks. At baseline and 4- to 12-week intervals during supplementation, serum carotenoids were measured by HPLC, and MP density was estimated by two-wavelength reflectometry. Serum carotenoids and MP were also measured in monkeys fed a stock diet. RESULTS. Monkeys fed xanthophyll-free diets had no L or Z in serum and no detectable MP. During supplementation, serum L or Z increased rapidly over the first 4 weeks and from 16 weeks onward maintained similar levels, both several times higher than in stock-diet-fed monkeys. The central peak of MP optical density increased to a relatively steady level by 24 to 32 weeks in both L- and Z-fed groups. Rhesus monkeys fed a stock diet had lower blood concentrations of L than those found in humans and other nonhuman primates. CONCLUSIONS. Rhesus monkeys respond to either dietary L or Z supplementation with increases in serum xanthophylls and MP, even after life-long xanthophyll deficiency. These animals provide a potential model to study mechanisms of protection from AMD. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Neurosci, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Schepens Eye Res Inst, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Neuringer, M (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primat Res Ctr, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM neuringe@ohsu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00163]; NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY03790]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK29930] NR 56 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3234 EP 3243 DI 10.1167/iovs.02-1243 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 848XH UT WOS:000223500900051 PM 15326146 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Allen, VG Wester, DB Miller, MF AF Montgomery, JL Blanton, JR Horst, RL Galyean, ML Morrow, KJ Allen, VG Wester, DB Miller, MF TI Effect of supplemental vitamin D-3 concentrations of calcium phosphorus, and magnesium relative to protein in subcellular components of the longissimus and the distribution of calcium within longissimus muscle of beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; beef; calcium; minerals; postmortem; vitamin D ID POSTMORTEM INJECTION TIME; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; STRIATED-MUSCLE; TROPONIN-C; REGULATORY SITES; OVINE CARCASSES; BIOLOGICAL TYPE; QUALITY TRAITS; TENDERIZATION; TENDERNESS AB The effect of supplementing diets with various levels of vitamin D-3 to provide 0, 0.5, 1, and 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) for 8 d before slaughter on the mineral content and localization of Ca in LM and muscle fragments was studied during the postmortem aging process. Twelve feedlot steers of three biological types were given access to the four levels of vitamin D for 8 d before slaughter. Differential centrifugation techniques were used to determine the concentrations of minerals relative to protein in different muscle fragments on d 3 and 21 postmortem. Electron microscopy visualization of bound Ca indicated that vitamin D-3 mobilized Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule system into the myofibrils. Bound Ca was concentrated near the Z-line at the A-band/I-band juncture within the sarcomere. Supplementing steers with 1 and 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) of vitamin D-3 increased (P < 0.05) Ca, P, and Mg concentrations per unit of protein in the cytosol. Soluble cytosolic Ca concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) on d 21 than on d 3 postmortem only when steers were supplemented with 5 million IU/d. Concentrations of Ca, P, and Mg in isolated tissues were increased (P < 0.05) in nuclei and myofibrilar proteins by supplementing steers with I and 5 million IU/ (steer(.)d) of vitamin D-3. All supplemental vitamin D3 treatments also increased (P < 0.001) Mg concentrations in the cytosol, regardless of aging treatment, and increased Mg concentrations (P < 0.04) within the mitochondria at d 3 postmortem. Thus, supplementation of feedlot steers with vitamin D-3 at levels of 0.5 to 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) increased Ca concentrations within respiring muscle, resulting in increased bound tissue Ca concentrations. When the respiring muscle was converted to meat, the increased bound tissue Ca resulting from vitamin D-3 treatment released Ca concentrations into the cytosol during aging (P < 0.05). Results of this study indicate that vitamin D-3 supplementation increased total cytosolic Ca, P, and Mg concentrations in meat. greater (P < 0.05) on d 21 than on d 3 postmortem only when steers were supplemented with 5 million IU/d. Concentrations of Ca, P, and Mg in isolated tissues were increased (P < 0.05) in nuclei and myofibrilar proteins by supplementing steers with 1 and 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) of vitamin D-3. All supplemental vitamin D3 treatments also increased (P < 0.001) Mg concentrations in the cytosol, regardless of aging treatment, and increased Mg concentrations (P < 0.04) within the mitochondria at d 3 postmortem. Thus, supplementation of feedlot steers with vitamin D-3 at levels of 0.5 to 5 million IU/(steer(.)d) increased Ca concentrations within respiring muscle, resulting in increased bound tissue Ca concentrations. When the respiring muscle was converted to meat, the increased bound tissue Ca resulting from vitamin D-3 treatment released Ca concentrations into the cytosol during aging (P < 0.05). Results of this study indicate that vitamin D-3 supplementation increased total cytosolic Ca, P, and Mg concentrations in meat. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Miller, MF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42162, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mfmrraider@aol.com NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 IS 9 BP 2742 EP 2749 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 852GO UT WOS:000223743800026 PM 15452920 ER PT J AU Chase, CC Riley, DG Olson, TA Coleman, SW Hammond, AC AF Chase, CC Riley, DG Olson, TA Coleman, SW Hammond, AC TI Maternal and reproductive performance of Brahman x Angus, Senepol x Angus, and Tuli x Angus cows in the subtropics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calving rate; cattle breeds; crossbreeding; efficiency; subtropics; weaning weight ID PREWEANING GROWTH; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; CROSSBRED CATTLE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CALVING EASE; BEEF-CATTLE; CALVES; HEREFORD; BREEDS; DAMS AB To determine the maternal and reproductive performance of F-1 cows in the subtropics, 42 Brahman x Angus, 34 Senepol x Angus, and 50 Tuli x Angus cows were bred to Angus bulls to calve first and subsequently bred to Charolais bulls to calve as 3- to 8-yr-olds. Age at first calving did not differ among crossbred cows. Angus-sired calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.01) from Senepol x Angus than either Brahman x Angus or Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Angus-sired calves were heavier (P < 0.01) from Brahman x Angus (213.5 kg) than either Senepol x Angus (194.9 kg) or Tuli x Angus (191.5 kg) cows. As 3- to 8-yr-old cows, calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) from Senepol x Angus compared with Brahman x Angus but not Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Charolais-sired calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) from Brahman x Angus cows (268.9 kg), lightest from Tuli x Angus cows (233.4 kg), and intermediate from Senepol x Angus cows (245.0 kg). Calf crop born and calf crop weaned were lowest (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus cows (76.9 and 70.2%) and did not differ between Brahman x Angus (89.0 and 86.1%) and Tuli x Angus (94.7 and 86.5%) cows. Tuli x Angus cows tended (P < 0.10) to have a lower percentage of unassisted births and lower (P < 0.10) calf survival to weaning than Brahman x Angus cows but not Senepol x Angus cows. As 3- to 8-yr-olds, weaning weight per cow exposed was greatest (P < 0.05) for Brahman x Angus (234.2 kg), least (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus (173.0 kg), and intermediate (P < 0.05) for Tuli x Angus (209.1 kg) cows. Also as 3- to 8-yr-olds, efficiency (205-d calf weight per 100 kg of cow exposed) was similar for Brahman x Angus (42.2) and Tull X Angus cows (40.7), and both were greater (P < 0.01) than for Senepol x Angus cows (33.8). These data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cows, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chase, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM cccj@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 IS 9 BP 2764 EP 2772 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 852GO UT WOS:000223743800029 PM 15446493 ER PT J AU Lopez-Ortiz, S Panter, KE Pfister, JA Launchbaugh, KL AF Lopez-Ortiz, S Panter, KE Pfister, JA Launchbaugh, KL TI The effect of body condition on disposition of alkaloids from silvery lupine (Lupinus argenteus Pursh) in sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body condition; Lupinus; quinolizidine alkaloids; sheep; toxic plants ID METABOLISM; LIVESTOCK; MAMMALS; WATER AB Several species of lupine (Lupinus spp.) are poisonous to livestock, producing death in sheep and "crooked calf disease" in cattle. Range livestock cope with poisonous plants through learned foraging strategies or mechanisms affecting toxicant disposition. When a toxic plant is eaten, toxicant clearance may be influenced by the animal's nutritional and/or physiological status. This research was conducted to determine whether differences in body condition or short-term nutritional supplementation of sheep altered the disposition of lupine alkaloids given as a single oral dose of ground silvery lupine (Lupinus argenteus) seed. Ewes in average body condition (ABC, n = 9) and low body condition (LBC, n = 10) received a single dose of ground lupine seeds including pods (8.5 g/kg BW) via gavage on the first day of the experiment, and were then randomly assigned to one of two nutritional supplement treatments. Blood samples were taken 0 to 60 h after dosing to compare blood alkaloid concentration and to evaluate alkaloid absorption and elimination profiles. Concentrations of total alkaloid and anagyrine, 5,6 dehydrolu-panine, lupanine, and alkaloid E were measured in serum. These four alkaloids constituted 78 and 75% of the total alkaloid concentration in serum for LBC vs. ABC groups, respectively. Initial analysis indicated that short-term supplementation had no effect on alkaloid disposition, and supplementation was removed from the statistical model. The highest concentration of total alkaloids was observed 2 h after dosing. Overall, serum total alkaloid and anagyrine levels (area under the curve) were higher (P < 0.01) for sheep in the LBC group. Serum peak concentrations of total alkaloid and anagyrine were higher in LBC vs. ABC groups (P < 0.05). Serum elimination of anagyrine, unknown alkaloid E, and lupanine was decreased in LBC vs. ABC treatments (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that body condition is important in the disposition of lupine alkaloids; however, further research is needed to determine the potential benefit, if any, that short-term nutritional supplementation might have on alkaloid disposition. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Panter, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kpanter@cc.usu.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 IS 9 BP 2798 EP 2805 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 852GO UT WOS:000223743800033 PM 15446497 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ AF Mitchell, AJ TI Effectiveness of praziquantel bath treatments against Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FISH AB Many states ban the importation of fish infected with the Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. Treatment with an effective tapeworm parasiticide prior to shipment would allow fish to be imported that might otherwise be rejected. It) this study, extended praziquantel bath treatments of infected grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were tested to determine their efficacy against Asian tapeworms. Preliminary praziquantel treatments of 0.7 mg/L or more for an exposure period of 24 h at grass carp densities of 69 g/L were effective in eliminating all tapeworms from 22-g fish. When the treatment duration was lowered to 12 h, a praziquantel concentration of 2.8 mg/L was required for effective treatment. In replicated studies, significantly reduced tapeworm numbers (0-5 tapeworms per treated fish compared with 30+ tapeworms per control fish) were observed following 24-h exposures to praziquantel at 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/ L. Tapeworm elimination occurred only at the maximum concentration of 1.5 mg/L when 88-g grass carp were stocked at a density of approximately 6 g/L. When fish density was raised to 60 g/L, the 1.5-mg/L treatment did not eliminate all tapeworms: 4 of 30 fish contained a single tapeworm. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1577/H03-054.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 860FL UT WOS:000224327800003 ER PT J AU Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Gong, SQ Winardi, A AF Yuan, MJ Turng, LS Gong, SQ Winardi, A TI Crystallization behavior of polyamide-6 microcellular nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PLASTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ANTEC 2004 CY MAY 16-20, 2004 CL Chicago, IL DE microcellular injection molding; polyamide-6; nanocomposite crystallization; montmorillonite (MMT) ID NONISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; KINETICS AB The crystallization behaviors of polyamide-6 (PA-6) and its nanocomposites undergoing the microcellular injection molding process are studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The relationships among the morphology, the mechanical property of the molded parts, and the crystallization behavior are investigated. With the addition of nanoclays in microcellular injection molded parts, the growth of the a-form crystal is suppressed and the formation of gamma-form. crystals is promoted. Both nanoclay and dissolved gas have a big influence on PA-6 crystalline structures. The existence of nanoclay increases the initial crystallization rate. But with extra addition of nanoclays in the polymer matrix, the increase of crystallization rate is reduced. Microcellular injection molded nanocomposites with proper amount of nanoclays possess the maximum crystallization activation energy and produce a finer and denser microcell structure which leads to better mechanical properties. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Turng, LS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Polymer Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-955X J9 J CELL PLAST JI J. Cell. Plast. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1177/0021955X04047220 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 849UY UT WOS:000223567800003 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM AF Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM TI Transcript profiles of genes expressed in endosperm tissue are altered by high temperature during wheat grain development SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum L.; endosperm development; transcript profiles; high temperature ID PROTEIN; PATTERNS; PUROINDOLINES; DURATION; BARLEY AB Timing of transcript accumulation for genes involved in a variety of cellular processes was assessed by RT-PCR in endosperm from developing wheat grains grown under moderate (24/17 degreesC day/night) and high (37/28 degreesC day/night) temperature regimens. Under moderate temperatures, transcripts for proteins with storage functions were present at all five time points examined between 7 and 34 DPA, while transcripts for proteins involved in signal transduction, protein synthesis and metabolism were most abundant from 7 to 20 DPA. Transcripts for proteins that play roles in defense were present from 14 DPA, about the time that starch accumulation commenced, to 34 DPA. High temperatures advanced and compressed the timing of transcript accumulation during grain development. Comparisons of transcript profiles with the timing of key events in grain development identified genes whose transcripts were accumulated at equivalent stages under the two temperature regimens and might serve as markers for grain development. These comparisons also revealed a number of genes with transcript profiles that were shifted under high temperatures in a manner that was not consistent with developmental events. These genes may be involved in responses to high temperature that are distinct from effects on the timing of developmental processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM altnbach@pw.usda.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2004.05.004 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 877JN UT WOS:000225564900005 ER PT J AU Hammack, L Petroski, RJ AF Hammack, L Petroski, RJ TI Field capture of northern and western corn rootworm beetles relative to attractant structure and volatility SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; corn rootworm; kairomone; attractant; lure volatility; trapping; phenylacetaldoxime; methyl benzoate; methyl anthranilate; methyl 4-methoxybenzoate ID RUFOCUPREA MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; DIABROTICITE BEETLES; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; CINNAMYL ALCOHOL; MAIZE VOLATILES; SOYBEAN BEETLE; FLORAL SCENTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; EMISSIONS; SCARABAEIDAE AB We used field assays to study attraction of feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica barberi and D. virgifera virgifera) to a series of mostly nitrogenous and benzenoid synthetic compounds allied with host plant and floral aromas. Vaporization rates were obtained for most field-tested compounds and selected additional lures under both ideal and field-representative, but constant, conditions. Although many test compounds showed at least trace activity for one or both species, methyl benzoate and some of its derivatives, notably methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate, merited emphasis as effective new lures for females. Structural alteration of methyl benzoate had consistently negative effects on northern corn rootworm captures despite variable effects on release rate, whereas western corn rootworm was more strongly attracted to methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate than to the considerably more volatile parent compound. Phenylacetaldoxime was attractive to females of both species, but no more so than syn-benzaldoxime, included as reference. Release rate was disproportionately low for benzaldoxime, as well as other nitrogenous lures, under field compared with ideal conditions. The attractiveness of salicylaldoxime to northern corn rootworm, despite its low field release rate, and the unattractiveness of methyl salicylate, having a methyl ester in place of the oxime group, similarly highlighted importance of the oxime moiety for reactivity of this species. C1 ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hammack, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM lhammack@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1809 EP 1825 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042403.88930.a7 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856EN UT WOS:000224028600009 PM 15586676 ER PT J AU Zhang, QH Chauhan, KR Erbe, EF Vellore, AR Aldrich, JR AF Zhang, QH Chauhan, KR Erbe, EF Vellore, AR Aldrich, JR TI Semiochemistry of the goldeneyed lacewing Chrysopa oculata: Attraction of males to a male-produced pheromone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neuroptera; Chrysopidae; attractant; pheromone; synomone; kairomone; methyl salicylate; iridodial; tridecene; GC-EAD ID SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; ACOUSTICAL COMMUNICATION; DEFENSIVE SECRETION; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; NEUROPTERA; PLANT; RESPONSES; VOLATILES; INSECTS; CARNEA AB Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males: nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R*, 2S*, 5R*, 8R*)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R, 2S, 5R, 8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R, 2S, 5R, 8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R, 2S, 5R, 8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R, 2S, 5R, 8R)iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Electron Microscopy Unit, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, B-007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1849 EP 1870 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042406.76705.ab PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856EN UT WOS:000224028600012 PM 15586679 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC AF Hawkes, WC TI Association of glutathione peroxidase activity with insulin resistance and dietary fat intake during normal pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Letter ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECT; SELENIUM LEVELS; BLOOD SELENIUM; WOMEN; ANEMIA; IRON; PREVALENCE C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 9 BP 4772 EP 4773 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-0316 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 852GM UT WOS:000223743600101 PM 15356096 ER PT J AU Alexeev, M Janeba, E Osborne, S AF Alexeev, M Janeba, E Osborne, S TI Taxation and evasion in the presence of extortion by organized crime SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE optimal taxation; tax evasion; organized crime ID COURTS AB We model the taxation behavior of a revenue-maximizing government in the presence of a competing tax collector, i.e., the mafia, and tax evasion. Firms choosing to evade taxes must shift some of their sales underground, possibly incurring costs. In the mafia's presence, the government's optimal tax rate and payoff depend on the importance to firms of the public goods provided by the government and those provided by the mafia. When public goods are important, both the state's tax rate and revenues are lower in the presence of the mafia than without it. However, when public goods are unimportant, the government benefits from the mafia's taxation of the firms' underground activities. (C) 2004 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Econ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Alexeev, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Econ, Wylie Hall, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM malexeev@indiana.edu NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-5967 J9 J COMP ECON JI J. Comp. Econ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jce.2004.04.002 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 858IN UT WOS:000224185600001 ER PT J AU O'Carroll, DM Bradford, SA Abriola, LM AF O'Carroll, DM Bradford, SA Abriola, LM TI Infiltration of PCE in a system containing spatial wettability variations SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiphase flow; NAPL; wettability; heterogeneity; numerical model; tetrachlorethylene ID INTERFACIAL-TENSION REDUCTION; POROUS-MEDIA; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; FRACTIONAL WETTABILITY; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SATURATION RELATIONS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; REDISTRIBUTION; FLOW AB A two-dimensional infiltration experiment was conducted to investigate and quantify the effect of spatial wettability variations on DNAPL migration and entrapment in saturated sands. Experimental observations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) infiltration showed that organic-wet sand lenses acted as very effective capillary barriers, retaining PCE and inhibiting its downward migration. A multiphase numerical simulator was used to model this sand box experiment. The simulator incorporates wettability-modified van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey capillary pressure/saturation relationships as well as Burdine and Mualem relative permeability relationships. PCE mass distributions, estimated by image analysis of digital photographs taken during the infiltration event, were compared to simulation results. Although both relative permeability models were qualitatively able to predict the PCE retention in the organic-wet layers, simulations with the Mualem model failed to capture the observed rate of PCE migration. A traditional multiphase simulator, incorporating water-wet capillary retention relations, failed to predict both PCE pathways and retention behavior. This study illustrates the potential influence of subsurface wettability variations on DNAPL migration and entrapment and supports the use of modified capillary relations in conjunction with the Burdine model in multiphase flow simulators. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Abriola, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, 105 Anderson Hall,200 Coll Ave, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM denismo@engin.umich.edu; sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov; Linda.Abriola@tufts.edu RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010; O'Carroll, Denis/E-6382-2013; OI O'Carroll, Denis/0000-0001-6557-226X NR 44 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.12.004 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 854DX UT WOS:000223882100003 PM 15336789 ER PT J AU Tomasula, PM Kozempel, MF AF Tomasula, PM Kozempel, MF TI Flow characteristics of a pilot-scale high temperature, short time pasteurizer SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pasteurization; milk; foot-and-mouth disease; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; INFECTED COWS; MILK; INACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; RAW AB In this study, we present a method for determining the fastest moving particle ( FMP) and residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot-scale high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurizer to ensure that laboratory or pilot-scale HTST apparatus meets the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance standards for pasteurization of milk and can be used for obtaining thermal inactivation data. The overall dimensions of the plate in the pasteurizer were 75 x 115 mm, with a thickness of 0.5 mm and effective diameter of 3.0 mm. The pasteurizer was equipped with nominal 21.5- and 52.2- s hold tubes, and flow capacity was variable from 0 to 20 L/h. Tracer studies were used to determine FMP times and RTD data to establish flow characteristics. Using brine milk as tracer, the FMP time for the short holding section was 18.6 s and for the long holding section was 36 s at 72 degreesC, compared with the nominal times of 21.5 and 52.2 s, respectively. The RTD study indicates that the short hold section was 45% back mixed and 55% plug flow for whole milk at 72 degreesC. The long hold section was 91% plug and 9% back mixed for whole milk at 72 degreesC. This study demonstrates that continuous laboratory and pilot-scale pasteurizers may be used to study inactivation of microorganisms only if the flow conditions in the holding tube are established for comparison with commercial HTST systems. C1 ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ptomasula@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2761 EP 2768 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 848IB UT WOS:000223459800001 PM 15375033 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Gorski, L McCluskey, BJ Perdue, ML AF Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Gorski, L McCluskey, BJ Perdue, ML TI Prevalence of salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk on US dairies SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Listeria monocytogenes; coliform; milk ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BOVINE MASTITIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; WHOLE MILK; RAW-MILK; NEW-YORK; HERDS AB The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk in the United States. As part of the NAHMS Dairy 2002 survey, 861 bulk tank milk samples were collected from farms in 21 states. Milk was directly plated on selective agars for direct bacterial enumeration and was enriched in selective broths to increase detection sensitivity. Somatic cell counts (SCC) and standard plate counts (SPC) were also determined. Coliforms were detected in 95% ( 818 of 860) of the samples, and the average SCC was 295,000 cells/mL. Twenty-two samples (2.6%) were culture-positive for Salmonella, and 9 serotypes were identified: Montevideo (n = 7), Newport ( n = 4), Muenster ( n = 2), Meleagridis ( n = 2), Cerro ( n = 2), 44: Z36 (Z38) ( n = 2), Dublin ( n = 1), Anatum ( n = 1), and 9, 12: nonmotile ( n = 1). Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 56 (6.5%) samples, and serotyping of these isolates yielded 5 serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 3b, 4b, and 4c). Of the L. monocytogenes isolates, 93% were serotypes 1/2a, 1/ 2b, and 4b, the most common human clinical isolates. Regional differences in L. monocytogenes and Salmonella prevalence were observed, but more studies are needed to determine the validity of these differences. There were no apparent relationships between SCC or SPC and incidence of Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella was low, these pathogens represent a potential risk to consumers of raw milk and raw milk products. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. APHIS, USDA, VS, CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jkessel@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 51 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2822 EP 2830 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 848IB UT WOS:000223459800008 PM 15375040 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR Capuco, AV AF Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR Capuco, AV TI Visceral tissue growth and proliferation during the bovine lactation cycle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lactation; dairy; cow; visceral organs ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-INTAKE; FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO; ORGAN MASS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWING LAMBS; CELL NUMBER; BEEF STEERS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN AB Twenty one multiparous, nonpregnant, lactating dairy cows were used to assess the impact of stage of lactation on visceral tissue mass and small intestinal cell proliferation. Cows were slaughtered at each of 4 stages of lactation: 14, 90, 120, and 240 d of lactation. With stage of lactation, DMI increased through d 90 and thereafter remained similar through d 240 (quadratic). Carcass weight and empty body weight (EBW) declined with stage of lactation through d 120 and increased thereafter (quadratic). As a percentage of EBW, rumen, small intestine, and liver weights increased with increasing stage of lactation (quadratic), increasing from 14 to 120 d and declining through 240 d. Stage of lactation did not have a measurable affect on reticulum, omasum, abomasum, or large intestine weights as a percentage of EBW. Visceral adipose mass as a percentage of EBW declined with stage of lactation to a minimum at 120 d and increased by 240 d (quadratic). Concentrations of RNA and DNA of digestive tract organs were largely unaffected by stage of lactation with the exception of the liver DNA concentration through d 120 (quadratic). The proliferative growth fraction (Ki67) was unaffected by stage of lactation. However, bromodeoxyuridine labeling of jejunal crypts exhibited a cubic response with stage of lactation and tritiated thymidine incorporation by duodenal epithelium increased with stage of lactation through d 120, declining thereafter (quadratic). Mass of visceral tissues increase to meet the energetic demands of lactation and that increased absorption capacity of the intestines is achieved by hyperplastic growth of the intestinal epithelium. C1 USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baldwin, RL (reprint author), USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbaldwin@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2977 EP 2986 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 848IB UT WOS:000223459800027 PM 15375059 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA Radloff, WJ AF Broderick, GA Radloff, WJ TI Effect of molasses supplementation on the production of lactating dairy cows fed diets based on alfalfa and corn silage SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; dried molasses; liquid molasses; total sugar ID MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CONSUMING GRASS-SILAGE; SUGAR-BEET PULP; PURINE DERIVATIVES; MILK-PRODUCTION; INTERNAL MARKERS; NITROGEN RELEASE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CRUDE PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS AB Adding sugar to the diet has been reported to improve production in dairy cows. In each of 2 trials, 48 lactating Holsteins (8 with ruminal cannulas) were fed covariate diets for 2 wk, blocked by days in milk into 12 groups of 4, and then randomly assigned to diets based on alfalfa silage containing 4 levels of dried molasses (trial 1) or liquid molasses (trial 2). In both studies, production data were collected for 8 wk, ruminal samples were taken in wk 4 and 8, and statistical models were used that included covariate means and block. In trial 1, experimental diets contained 18% CP and 0, 4, 8, or 12% dried molasses with 2.6, 4.2, 5.6, or 7.2% total sugar. With increasing sugar, there was a linear increase in dry matter intake (DMI), and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), but no effect on yield of milk or protein. This resulted in linear decreases in fat-corrected milk (FCM)/DMI and milk N/N-intake. There was a linear decrease in urinary N with increasing sugar, and quadratic effects on milk fat content, yield of fat and FCM, and ruminal ammonia. Mean optimum from these quadratic responses was 4.8% total sugar in these diets. In trial 2, experimental diets contained 15.6% crude protein (CP) and 0, 3, 6, or 9% liquid molasses with 2.6, 4.9, 7.4, or 10.0% total sugar, respectively. Again, there were linear declines in FCM/DMI and milk N/N-intake with increasing sugar, but quadratic responses for DMI, yield of milk, protein, and SNF, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, milk urea, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and ruminal ammonia. Mean optimum from all quadratic responses in this trial was 6.3% total sugar. An estimate of an overall optimum, based on yield of fat and FCM (trial 1) and yield of milk, protein, and SNF (trial 2), was 5.0% total sugar, equivalent to adding 2.4% sugar to the basal diets. Feeding more than 6% total sugar appeared to depress production. C1 US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gbroderi@wisc.edu NR 53 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2997 EP 3009 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 848IB UT WOS:000223459800029 PM 15375061 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM AF Acosta-Martinez, V Zobeck, TM TI Enzyme activities and arylsulfatase protein content of dust and the soil source: Biochemical fingerprints? SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; WIND EROSION; SIZE CHARACTERISTICS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; QUALITY AB Little is known about the potential of enzyme activities, which are sensitive to soil properties and management, for the characterization of dust properties. Enzyme activities may be among the dust properties key to identifying the soil source of dust. We generated dust (27 and 7 mum) under controlled laboratory conditions from agricultural soils (0-5 cm) with history of continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or cotton rotated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rye (Secale cereale L.), or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different water management (irrigated or dryland) and tillage (conservation or conventional) systems. The 27- and 7-mum dust samples showed activities of beta-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, which are related to cellulose degradation and phosphorus and sulfur mineralization in soil, respectively. Dust samples generated from a loam and sandy clay loam showed higher enzyme activities compared with dust samples from a fine sandy loam. Enzyme activities of dust samples were significantly correlated to the activities of the soil source with r > 0.74 (P < 0.01). The arylsulfatase proteins contents of the soils (0.04-0.65 mg protein kg(-1) soil) were lower than values reported for soils from other regions, but still dust contained arylsulfatase protein. The three enzyme activities studied, as a group, separated the dust samples due to the crop rotation or tillage practice history of the soil source. The results indicated that the enzyme activities of dust will aid in providing better characterization of dust properties and expanding our understanding of soil and air quality impacts related to wind erosion. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1653 EP 1661 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000007 PM 15356225 ER PT J AU Wu, JG Laird, DA AF Wu, JG Laird, DA TI Interactions of chlorpyrifos with colloidal materials in aqueous systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS; SORPTION; INSECTICIDES AB An understanding of sorptive processes is key to describing the fate of chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] in aquatic environments. The objectives of this study were to evaluate isotherms for adsorption and desorption of chlorpyrifos on colloidal materials and to advance understanding of interaction mechanisms between chlorpyrifos and colloidol materials. Six Ca-saturated reference smectites, one Ca-saturated humic acid (Ca-humate), and one suspended sediment sample, collected from the Upper Cedar River, Iowa, were studied. A batch equilibration technique was employed to quantify adsorption and desorption isotherms for chlorpyrifos over the 0 to 100 mug L-1 concentration range in a 0.01 M CaCl2 background. Large differences in sorption affinity and variation in desorption hysteresis were found among the smectites. Neither chlorpyrifos adsorption nor its desorption were correlated with cation exchange capacity, surface area, or surface charge density of the smectites. The evidence suggests that physical interaction between chlorpyrifos and smectites is the dominant mechanism for adsorption of chlorpyrifos in aqueous systems. Chlorpyrifos was very strongly sorbed on Ca-humate and was not desorbed from the Ca-humate back into the aqueous solution. Chlorpyrifos was moderately sorbed on river sediment, and a large adsorption-desorption hysteresis was also found. The study implies that the nature of both organic and inorganic materials in suspended sediment em influence the adsorption-desorption behavior of chlorpyrifos in aqueous systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM laird@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1770 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000018 PM 15356236 ER PT J AU Kladivko, EJ Frankenberger, JR Jaynes, DB Meek, DW Jenkinson, BJ Fausey, NR AF Kladivko, EJ Frankenberger, JR Jaynes, DB Meek, DW Jenkinson, BJ Fausey, NR TI Nitrate leaching to subsurface drains as affected by drain spacing and changes in crop production system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; SILT LOAM SOIL; TILE DRAINAGE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; SURFACE WATERS; LOSSES; TRANSPORT; PESTICIDE; HERBICIDES; LYSIMETERS AB Subsurface drainage is a beneficial water management practice in poorly drained soils but may also contribute substantial nitrate N loads to surface waters. This paper summarizes results from a 15-yr drainage study in Indiana that includes three drain spacings (5, 10, and 20 m) managed for 10 yr with chisel tillage in monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) and currently managed under a no-till corn-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] rotation. In general, drainflow and nitrate N losses per unit area were greater for narrower drain spacings. Drainflow removed between 8 and 26% of annual rainfall, depending on year and drain spacing. Nitrate N concentrations in drainflow did not vary with spacing, but concentrations have significantly decreased from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Flow-weighted mean concentrations decreased from 28 mg L-1 in the 1986-1988 period to 8 mg L-1 in the 1997-1999 period. The reduction in concentration was due to both a reduction in fertilizer N rates over the study period and to the addition of a winter cover crop as a "trap crop" after corn in the corn-soybean rotation. Annual nitrate N loads decreased from 38 kg ha(-1) in the 1986-1988 period to 15 kg ha(-1) in the 1997-1999 period. Most of the nitrate N losses occurred during the fallow season, when most of the drainage occurred. Results of this study underscore the necessity of long-term research on different soil types and in different climatic zones, to develop appropriate management strategies for both economic crop production and protection of environmental quality. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kladivko, EJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kladivko@purdue.edu NR 32 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1813 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000023 PM 15356241 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Kay, MA Westermann, DT AF Turner, BL Kay, MA Westermann, DT TI Phosphorus in surface runoff from calcareous arable soils of the semiarid Western United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; IRRIGATION RUNOFF; LOSSES; MANURE; WATER; LAND AB Management strategies that minimize P transfer from agricultural land to water bodies are based on relationships between P concentrations in soil and runoff. This study evaluated such relationships for surface runoff generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation onto calcareous arable soils of the semiarid western United States. Irrigation was applied at 70 mm h(-1) to plots on four soils containing a wide range of extractable P concentrations. Two irrigation events were conducted on each plot, first onto dry soil and then after 24 h onto wet soil. Particulate P (>0.45 mum) was the dominant fraction in surface runoff from all soils and was strongly correlated with suspended sediment concentration. For individual soil types, filterable reactive P (<0.45 mum) concentrations were strongly correlated with all soil-test P methods, including environmental tests involving extraction with water (1:10 and 1:200 soil to solution ratio), 0.01 M CaCl2, and iron strips. However, only the Olsen-P agronomic soil-test procedure gave models that were not significantly different among soils. Soil chemical differences, including lower CaCO3 and water-extractable Ca, higher water-extractable Fe, and higher pH, appeared to account for differences in filterable reactive P concentrations in runoff from soils with similar extractable P concentrations. It may therefore be possible to use a single agronomic test to predict filterable reactive P concentrations in surface runoff from calcareous soils, but inherent dangers exist in assuming a consistent response, even for one soil within a single field. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83301 USA. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bturner@ifas.ufl.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1814 EP 1821 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000024 PM 15356242 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Meisinger, JJ Sikora, LJ McMurtry, JP Sefton, AE AF Vadas, PA Meisinger, JJ Sikora, LJ McMurtry, JP Sefton, AE TI Effect of poultry diet on phosphorus in runoff from soils amended with poultry manure and compost SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL PHYTASE; WATER-QUALITY; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; LITTER; BROILERS; NITROGEN; LOSSES; LAKES AB Phosphorus in runoff from fields where poultry litter is surface-applied is an environmental concern. We investigated the effect of adding phytase and reducing supplemental P in poultry diets and composting poultry manures, with and without Fe and Al amendments, on P in manures, composts, and runoff. We used four diets: normal (no phytase) with 0.4% supplemental P, normal + phytase, phytase + 0.3% P, and phytase + 0.2% P. Adding phytase and decreasing supplemental P in diets reduced total P but increased water-extractable P in manure. Compared with manures, composting reduced both total P, due to dilution of manure with woodchips and straw, and water-extractable P, but beyond a dilution effect so that the ratio of water-extractable P to total P was less in compost than manure. Adding Fe and At during composting did not consistently change total P or water-extractable P. Manures and composts were surface-applied to soil boxes at a rate of 50 kg total P ha(-1) and subjected to simulated rainfall, with runoff collected for 30 min. For manures, phytase and decreased P in diets had no significant effect on total P or molybdate-reactive P loads (kg ha(-1)) in runoff. Composting reduced total P and molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff, and adding Fe and Al to compost reduced total P but not molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff. Molybdate-reactive P in runoff (mg box(-1)) was well correlated to water-extractable P applied to boxes (mg box(-1)) in manures and composts. Therefore, the final environmental impact of dietary phytase will depend on the management of poultry diets, manure, and farm-scale P balances. C1 PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, ANRI,GBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alltech Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 4Z7, Canada. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), PSWMRU, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Peter.Vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1845 EP 1854 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855PU UT WOS:000223987000028 PM 15356246 ER PT J AU Koskinen, H Krasnov, A Rexroad, C Gorodilov, Y Afanasyev, S Molsa, H AF Koskinen, H Krasnov, A Rexroad, C Gorodilov, Y Afanasyev, S Molsa, H TI The 14-3-3 proteins in the teleost fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 14-3-3 proteins; rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss; duplicated genes; phylogeny; expression ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MICROARRAY DATA; GENE; EXPRESSION; 14-3-3-PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; DUPLICATION; REGULATORS; FAMILY; CDNA AB We report studies of 14-3-3 genes in rainbow trout, adding to current understanding of the molecular evolution of this multigene family and its functional importance in fish. Ten genes were identified that are apparent duplicates of five ancestors. The duplicated 14-3-3 genes diverged rapidly and their cladogram is markedly different from the phylogenetic tree. The mean rate of nonsynonymous divergence of trout 14-3-3 genes is one order of magnitude greater than that of mammalian genes. An evolutionarily recent genome duplication in salmonid fish relaxed functional constraints, and selection favored establishment of novel isoforms. Differences in tissue distribution of 14-3-3 genes were minor; however, results of 31 microarray experiments showed divergence of expression profiles, which was related to structural divergence of the duplicates. We observed remarkable coordination of expression of all isoforms in our study of stress response in the brain. Profiles of the 14-3-3 genes correlated with a large group of chaperones and genes involved in cell communication and signal transduction. We studied embryonic expression of 14-3-3 genes and found abundant transcripts in the rapidly growing and differentiating parts of embryos such as eyes, tail bud and yolk syncytium during somitogenesis and in gills and pectoral fins after completion of somitogenesis. Consistent expression was observed in the neural crest, which is known to have high morphogenetic potential. C1 Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, Kuopio 70211, Finland. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Biol, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. IM Sechenov Evolut Physiol & Biochem Inst, St Petersburg 194223, Russia. RP Krasnov, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Inst Appl Biotechnol, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. EM krasnov@uku.fi RI Krasnov, Aleksei/D-3065-2012; Afanasyev, Sergey/K-9309-2015 OI Afanasyev, Sergey/0000-0002-8393-820X NR 29 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 207 IS 19 BP 3361 EP 3368 DI 10.1242/jcb.01165 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 862RC UT WOS:000224507500021 PM 15326212 ER PT J AU Karner, U Peterbauer, T Raboy, V Jones, DA Hedley, CL Richter, A AF Karner, U Peterbauer, T Raboy, V Jones, DA Hedley, CL Richter, A TI myo-Inositol and sucrose concentrations affect the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides in seeds SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE galactinol; Hordeum; myo-inositol; Pisum; phytic acid; raffinose; seeds; sucrose ID GALACTINOL SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; PHYTIC-ACID; PEA-SEEDS; CHAIN ELONGATION; AJUGA-REPTANS; GALACTOSYL CYCLITOLS; SOLUBLE SUGARS; SOYBEAN SEEDS; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) fulfil multiple functions in plants. In seeds, they possibly protect cellular structures during desiccation and constitute carbon reserves for early germination. Their biosynthesis proceeds by the transfer of galactose units from galactinol to sucrose. Galactinol synthase (GolS), which mediates the synthesis of galactinol from myo-inositol and UDP-galactose, has been proposed to be the key enzyme of the pathway. However, no significant relationship was detected between the extractable GolS activity and the amount of RFOs in seeds from seven pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes selected for high variation in RFO content. Instead, a highly significant correlation was found between the levels of myo-inositol and RFOs. Moderately strong relationships were also found between sucrose and RFO content as well as between myo-inositol and galactinol. Further evidence for a key role of myo-inositol for the synthesis of galactinol was obtained by feeding exogenous myo-inositol to intact pea seeds and by the analysis of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid mutants. In seeds of three of these mutants, the reduced demand for myo-inositol for the synthesis of phytic acid (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) was associated with an increased level in myo-inositol. The mutants seeds also contained more galactinol than wild-type seeds. The results suggest that the extent of RFO accumulation is controlled by the levels of the initial substrates, myo-inositol and sucrose, rather than by GolS activity alone. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Ecol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Metab Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Richter, A (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Ecol, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM Andreas.Richter@univie.ac.at RI Peterbauer, Thomas/A-8001-2008; Richter, Andreas/D-8483-2012 OI Peterbauer, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-5711; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3282-4808 NR 35 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 55 IS 405 BP 1981 EP 1987 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh216 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854YM UT WOS:000223939900003 PM 15286144 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Berrang, ME Buhr, RJ Cox, NA AF Cason, JA Berrang, ME Buhr, RJ Cox, NA TI Effect of prechill fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria recovered from broiler chicken carcasses before and after immersion chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; POULTRY CARCASSES; SAMPLING METHODS; SALMONELLAE; EVISCERATION; INGESTA; HALVES; RINSES; SKIN AB Paired carcass halves were used to test whether fecal contamination of skin during processing of broiler chickens can be detected by increased bacterial counts in samples taken before and after immersion chilling. In each of three trials, six freshly defeathered and eviscerated carcasses were cut in half, and a rectangle (3 by 5 cm) was marked with dots of ink on the breast skin of each half. One half of each pair was chosen randomly, and 0.1 g of freshly collected feces was spread over the rectangle with a spatula. After 10 min, both halves were sprayed with tap water for 10 to 15 s until feces could no longer be seen in the marked area. Both halves were sampled with 1-min carcass rinse and were then put in a paddle chiller with other eviscerated carcasses for 45 min to simulate industrial immersion chilling. Immediately after chilling, each carcass half was subjected to another 1-min rinse, after which the skin within the rectangle was aseptically removed from the carcass halves and stomached. Rinses of fecally contaminated halves had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae immediately before chilling, but there were no differences in coliform and Escherichia coli counts. After chilling, there were no differences in Enterobacteriaceae, coliform, and E. coli counts in rinse or skin samples from the paired carcass halves. Correlations were generally poor between counts in rinse and skin samples but were significant between prechill and postchill rinses for both control and fecally contaminated halves. Correlations were also significant between counts in rinses of control and contaminated halves of the same carcass after chilling. Bacterial counts in postchill carcass rinses did not indicate that fecal contamination occurred before chilling. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1829 EP 1833 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100002 PM 15453571 ER PT J AU Sabah, JR Juneja, VK Fung, DYC AF Sabah, JR Juneja, VK Fung, DYC TI Effect of spices and organic acids on the growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION; ESSENTIAL OILS; ROAST BEEF; OUTGROWTH; CITRATE; SYSTEM AB This study evaluated the effect of organic acids and spices, alone or combined, on Clostridium perfringens growth in cooked ground beef during alternative cooling procedures. Ground beef was inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239) at 2 log spores per g and prepared following an industrial recipe (10% water, 1.5% sodium chloride, and 0.5% sodium triphosphate [wt/wt]). Treatments consisted of the base meat plus combinations of commercial solutions of sodium lactate or sodium citrate (0 or 2%, wt/wt) with chili, garlic and herbs, curry, oregano, or clove in commercial powder form (0 or 1%, wt/wt). Untreated meat was used as a control. Vacuum-packaged samples of each treatment were cooked (75degreesC for 20 min) and cooled from 54.4 to 7.2degreesC in 15, 18, or 21 h. Spore counts were estimated after inoculation, cooking, and cooling. All treatments containing sodium citrate reduced the population of C. perfringens about 0.38 to 1.14 log units during each of the three cooling procedures. No sodium citrate and spice treatment combinations showed antagonisms or synergisms. Regardless of the cooling time, the control ground beef or treatments with any of the five spices alone supported C. perfringens growth above the U.S. Department of Agriculture stabilization guidelines of 1 log unit. Except for the 21-h cooling period, addition of sodium lactate prevented C. perfringens growth over 1 log unit. Depending on the cooling time and spice, some combinations of sodium lactate and spice kept C. perfringens growth below 1 log unit. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sabah, JR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Ackert 17, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jrs3849@ksu.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1840 EP 1847 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100004 PM 15453573 ER PT J AU Annous, BA Burke, A Sites, JE AF Annous, BA Burke, A Sites, JE TI Surface pasteurization of whole fresh cantaloupes inoculated with Salmonella poona or Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NETTED MUSKMELON FRUIT; HOT-WATER; EFFICACY; APPLES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; VEGETABLES; IMMERSION; O157-H7; ALFALFA AB Numerous outbreaks of salmonellosis by Salmonella Poona have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. Commercial washing processes for cantaloupe are limited in their ability to inactivate or remove this human pathogen. Our objective was to develop a commercial-scale surface pasteurization process to enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupe. Populations of indigenous bacteria recovered from cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized at 96, 86, or 76degreesC for 2 to 3 min were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the controls. Whole cantaloupes, surface inoculated with Salmonella Poona RM 2350 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to a final cell concentration of ca. 5 log CFU/cm(2) were stored at 4degreesC or room temperature (RT = 19 +/- 1degreesC for up to 72 h before processing. Treatments at 76degreesC for 2 to 3 min at 24 h postinoculation resulted in a reduction in excess of 5 log CFU/cm(2) of Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations. Cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized and stored at 4degreesC for 21 days retained their firmness qualities and had no visible mold growth compared with the controls, which became soft and moldy. These results indicate that surface pasteurization will enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupes and will extend the shelf life of this commodity as well. Storage of untreated inoculated cantaloupes at RT for 24 to 72 h postinoculation caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Salmonella Poona and E coli populations compared with storage at 4&DEG;C. This indicates that cantaloupes should be refrigerated as soon as possible following harvest to suppress the growth of any possible contaminant on the rind. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bannous@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1876 EP 1885 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100008 PM 15453577 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Anderson, RC Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ AF Jung, YS Anderson, RC Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ TI Experimental use of 2-nitropropanol for reduction of Salmonella typhimurium in the Ceca of broiler chicks SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western Section of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Soc Anim Sci, Western Sect ID NITROCOMPOUNDS; METABOLISM; POULTRY; RATS AB The effect of 2-nitropropanol (2NPOH) administration on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in experimentally infected chicks was determined. Chicks orally challenged with 10(6) CFU/ml of a novobiocin- and naladixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium at 6 days of age were divided into three groups receiving 0 (control), 6.5 and 13 mg 2NPOH per bird (experiment 1) or four groups receiving 0 (control), 13, 65, and 130 mg 2NPOH per bird (experiment 2). Treatments were administered orally 1 day post- Salmonella challenge. Cecal contents collected at necropsy 24 and 48 h after treatment were subjected to bacterial and volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis. In experiment 1, concentrations (mean +/- SD log CFU per g) of Salmonella were reduced (P < 0.05) in the group administered 13 mg 2NPOH per bird at both the 24- and 48-h samplings compared with the controls (2.58 +/- 2.10 versus 4.64 +/- 1.79 and 2.88 +/- 2.78 versus 5.03 +/- 2.42 at 24 and 48 h, respectively). In experiment 2, mean SD populations of Salmonella were reduced (P < 0.05) in all groups receiving 2NPOH compared with untreated controls (3.65 &PLUSMN; 2.01, 3.39 &PLUSMN; 2.42, and 3.47 &PLUSMN; 1.55 at 13, 65, and 130 mg, respectively, versus 6.09 &PLUSMN; 1.02). Propionate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by the 13-mg 2NPOH per bird treatment. Total VFA concentrations from the group treated with 13 mg 2NPOH per bird were lower (P < 0.05) by 48, but not 24, hours posttreatment than those from the group treated with 6.5 mg 2NPOH per bird. These results demonstrate the inhibitory activity of 2NPOH against Salmonella Typhimurium in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1945 EP 1947 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100017 PM 15453586 ER PT J AU Baranyi, J Tamplin, ML AF Baranyi, J Tamplin, ML TI ComBase: A common database on microbial responses to food environments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment - Foodborne Hazards CY JUL 24-26, 2002 CL Adelphia, MD ID SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; SURFACE MODELS; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; AEROBIC GROWTH; PH; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; KINETICS AB The advancement of predictive microbiology relies on available data that describe the behavior of microorganisms in different environmental matrices. For such information to be useful to the predictive microbiology research community, data must be organized in a manner that permits efficient access and data retrieval. Here, we describe a database protocol that encompasses observations of bacterial responses to food environments, resulting in a database (ComBase) for predictive microbiology purposes. The data included in ComBase were obtained from cooperating research institutes and from the literature and are publicly available via the Internet. C1 Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Baranyi, J (reprint author), Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. EM jozsef.baranyi@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Baranyi, Jozsef/A-7531-2008 OI Baranyi, Jozsef/0000-0001-8360-6021 NR 12 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1967 EP 1971 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100023 PM 15453591 ER PT J AU Ebel, E Schlosser, W Kause, J Orloski, K Roberts, T Narrod, C Malcolm, S Coleman, M Powell, M AF Ebel, E Schlosser, W Kause, J Orloski, K Roberts, T Narrod, C Malcolm, S Coleman, M Powell, M TI Draft risk assessment of the public health of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment - Foodborne Hazards CY JUL 24-26, 2002 CL Adelphia, MD ID CATTLE; SLAUGHTER; SURVIVAL; PATTIES; FARMS AB An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef was drafted in 2001. The exposure assessment considers farm, slaughter, and preparation factors that influence the likelihood of humans consuming ground beef servings containing E. coli O1257:H7 and the number of cells in a contaminated serving. Apparent seasonal differences in prevalence of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 corresponded to seasonal differences in human exposure. The model predicts that on average 0.018% of servings consumed during June through September and 0.007% of servings consumed during the remainder of the year are contaminated with one or more E. coli O157:H7 cells. This exposure risk is combined with the probability of illness given exposure (i.e., dose response) to estimate a U.S. population risk of illness of nearly one illness in each I million (9.6 X 10(-7)) servings of ground beef consumed. Uncertainty about this risk ranges from about 0.33 illness in every I million ground beef servings at the 5th percentile to about two illnesses in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 95th percentile. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Food & Agr Org, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, Rome, Italy. Univ Delaware, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Newark, DE 19717 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ebel, E (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM eric.d.ebel@usda.gov NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1991 EP 1999 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 852CF UT WOS:000223732100026 PM 15453594 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Mcphee, KE Baik, BK AF Cheng, M Mcphee, KE Baik, BK TI Bleaching of green peas and changes in enzyme activities of seeds under simulated climatic conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE green peas; chlorophyll; bleaching; color; enzymes ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L.; CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION; LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; KINETIC-MODEL; COLOR-CHANGE; FIELD PEA; PIGMENTS; PEROXIDASE; STORAGE AB The effects of simulated climatic conditions on green color loss of peas (Pisum sativum) and related enzyme activities were investigated. Seeds of 2 green pea cultivars showing different resistance to green color bleaching were subjected to light only, soaking in water without light, and soaking in water with light. Green color loss and chlorophyll loss were highest in seeds soaked in water and exposed to light, less in seeds soaked in water under dark conditions, and least in seeds exposed to light only. increased chlorophyllase activity was associated with loss of green color and chlorophyll, whereas no significant relationship was found between chlorophyll loss and lipoxygenase or chlorophyll-degrading peroxidase activity. Susceptible and resistant cultivars had significant differences in green color, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and chlorophyll degradation kinetics constant when seeds were soaked in water and exposed to light. Enzyme activity was not significantly different between the cultivars. Soaking led to more green color loss, chlorophyll breakdown, and chlorophyllase activity than light exposure. Chlorophyllase may be the key enzyme responsible for green pea bleaching instead of the oxidative chlorophyll degradation pathway with lipoxygenase or chlorophyll-degrading peroxidase. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Baik, BK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bbaik@wsu.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 BP C511 EP C518 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 860ZE UT WOS:000224384000004 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Ingram, DA Lea, JM Bett-Garber, KL AF Beaulieu, JC Ingram, DA Lea, JM Bett-Garber, KL TI Effect of harvest maturity on the sensory characteristics fresh-cut cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; fresh-cut; minimal processing; maturity; sensory ID CUCUMIS-MELO; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; MUSKMELON FRUIT; QUALITY CHANGES; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRIBUTES; RIPENESS; CULTIVAR; TEXTURE AB Maintaining flavor, aroma, microbial, and postharvest quality after processing and throughout the distribution chain is a major challenge facing the fresh-cut fruit industry. Flavor and aroma are most often the true indicators of shelf-life from the consumer's point of view. Changes in post-cutting sensory attributes during fresh-cut storage at 4 degreesC in cantaloupe harvested at 4 distinct maturities (1/4,1/2, 3/4, and full slip) were subsequently investigated. Trained descriptive sensory panelists were used in a 2-y study to assess sensory differences after 0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 d. A texture analyzer was also used in an attempt to verify textural properties revealed by the panelists. The 1/4-slip harvested fruit were firmer than the other 3 maturities, and 1/4-slip cubes retained the most firmness through fresh-cut storage. Correspondingly, fruity and sweet aromatic flavor were significantly less intense in the 1/4-slip cubes compared with 1/2- and 3/4-slip maturities. Sweet taste was consistently significantly less intense in the 1/4-slip cubes than the other maturities during the entire storage period. Hardness was more intense (harder) in 1/4-slip cubes during 0 to 9 d. This trend was almost identical in the instrumental texture determinations for the force and slope at the 1st bioyield point of the force deformation curves. Meanwhile, 1/4-slip cubes were significantly less intense than the other maturities in surface wetness and moisture release on day 0 and throughout storage. It appears that fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes with desirable sensorial attributes can be prepared with fruit when harvested greater than or equal to1/2 slip but not from 1/4-slip fruit. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 BP S250 EP S258 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 860ZE UT WOS:000224384000032 ER PT J AU Hawkins, J Jungwirth, L Cope, R Lewis, P Hubbard, J Newman, C AF Hawkins, J Jungwirth, L Cope, R Lewis, P Hubbard, J Newman, C TI Community wildfire protection plans from four angles SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Jungwirth, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM je-hawkins@hotmail.com; lynnj@hayfork.net; cowdoc75@hotmail.com; plewis@lamar.colostate.edu; jhubbard@laman.colostate.edu; cnewman02@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 102 IS 6 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 856KS UT WOS:000224044700003 ER PT J AU Winter, G Vogt, CA McCaffrey, S AF Winter, G Vogt, CA McCaffrey, S TI Examining social trust in fuels management strategies SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE public opinion; resource management; social trust; wildland fires; fuels management; public acceptance; fuel treatments ID CREDIBILITY; PERCEPTION; RISK AB Surveys of homeowners in three different ecosystems with varying fuels management approaches reveal that homeowners' trust in natural resource agencies is significantly associated with perceived risks and benefits and with perceived agency competence. A weaker association between forest value orientation and agency trust is evident. Focus group interviews provide further contextual support that the characteristics of competence, care, and credibility associated with an agency are influential in shaping trust. The correlation between trust and acceptance of each fuels management strategy at each of the study sites suggests that trust-building and trust maintenance should be key goals of agency-citizen interactions. C1 Cornerstone Strategies Inc, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL USA. RP Winter, G (reprint author), Cornerstone Strategies Inc, 1155 N State St,614, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM gregw@cstonetrategies.com NR 20 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 102 IS 6 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 856KS UT WOS:000224044700004 ER PT J AU Ice, GG Neary, DG Adams, PW AF Ice, GG Neary, DG Adams, PW TI Effects of wildfire on soils and watershed processes SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE debris torrent; erosion; fire intensity; fire severity; infiltration; nutrients; runoff; salvage logging; sediment deposition; temperature; watershed restoration; wildfire AB Wildfire can cause water repellency and consume plant canopy, surface plants and litter, and structure-enhancing organics within soil. Changes in soil moisture, structure, and infiltration can accelerate surface runoff, erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. Intense rainfall and some soil and terrain conditions can contribute to overland runoff and in-channel debris torrents. Mineralization of organic matter, interruption of root uptake, and loss of shade can further impact water quality by increasing stream temperatures and nutrient concentrations. Where wildfires are unnaturally large and severe, watershed effects are likely to be negatively skewed. C1 Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Oregon State Univ, Forest Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ice, GG (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, POB 458, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM gice@ncasi.org NR 19 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 35 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 102 IS 6 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 856KS UT WOS:000224044700005 ER PT J AU Stone, J Barndt, S Gangloff, M AF Stone, J Barndt, S Gangloff, M TI Spatial distribution and habitat use of the western pearlshell mussel (Margaritifera falcata) in a western Washington stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; RIVERS; LIFE AB We investigated the spatial distribution and habitat associations of western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata) in a southwest Washington stream. Variation in mussel occurrence differed with the scale of the observations, being lower among study reaches and higher within reaches. Additionally, mussels exhibited a highly aggregated, non-random spatial distribution pattern. The distribution of mussels at large scales (across reaches) was associated with dissolved oxygen and shear stress. Mussel distribution at small scales (with the 50 m reaches) was associated with wetted width, canopy, abundance of small gravel substrate, and distance from the stream bank. Mussels were found in locations having reduced shear stress, turbulence, and gradient and increased wetted width, abundance of small gravel, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. Optimum water depth was 0.2 - 0.6 m and optimum current velocity was 0.23 - 0.30 m/sec. Mussels preferred substrates where boulders increased bed roughness, allowing small gravel and sand to create a stable, heterogeneous substrate. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Carindal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jen_stone@fws.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1080/02705060.2004.9664907 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843ME UT WOS:000223087200001 ER PT J AU Bielenberg, DG Wang, Y Fan, S Reighard, GL Scorza, R Abbott, AG AF Bielenberg, DG Wang, Y Fan, S Reighard, GL Scorza, R Abbott, AG TI A deletion affecting several gene candidates is present in the Evergrowing peach mutant SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MADS-BOX GENE; PERSICA L. BATSCH; COLD-ACCLIMATION; EVERGREEN PEACH; XYLEM TISSUES; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; BARK AB Evergrowing (EVG) peach is one of only two described mutants affecting winter dormancy in woody perennial species. EVG peach does not set terminal buds, cease new leaf growth, nor enter into a dormant resting phase in response to winter conditions. The EVG mutation segregates in F-2 progeny as a single recessive nuclear gene. A local molecular genetic linkage map around EVG was previously developed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig that contains the EVG mutation was assembled. A MADS box coding open reading frame (ORF) was found in a BAC of this contig and used as a probe. The probe detected a polymorphism between the wild-type and mutant genomes, and the polymorphism is indicative of a deletion in EVG peach. The EVG gene region contained six potential MADS-box transcription factor sequences, and the deletion in EVG affected at least four of these. The deletion was bracketed using RFLP analysis, which showed that it is contained within a segment of the genome no greater than 180 kb. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bielenberg, DG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dbielen@clemson.edu RI Bielenberg, Douglas/G-3893-2010; Fan, Shenghua/E-6400-2016 OI Bielenberg, Douglas/0000-0002-4853-2984; NR 30 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1093/jhered/esh057 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 856XK UT WOS:000224079200009 PM 15388771 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Abt, SR Potyondy, JP Ryan, SE AF Bunte, K Abt, SR Potyondy, JP Ryan, SE TI Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE bed loads; gravel; incipient motion; sampling; sediment transport; transport rate; measurement ID BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; RIVER; SAMPLERS; STREAM; EFFICIENCY; DISCHARGE; PATTERN; RATES; SIZE AB Portable bedload traps (0.3 by 0.2 m opening) were developed for sampling coarse bedload transport in mountain gravel-bed rivers during wadable high flows. The 0.9 m long trailing net can capture about 20 kg of gravel and cobbles. Traps are positioned on ground plates anchored in the streambed to minimize disturbance of the streambed during sampling. This design permits sampling times of up to I h, overcoming short-term temporal variability issues. Bedload traps were tested in two streams and appear to collect representative samples of gravel bedload transport. Bedload rating and flow competence curves are well-defined and steeper than those obtained by a Helley-Smith sampler. Rating curves from both samplers differ most at low flow but approach each other near bankfull flow. Critical flow determined from bedload traps is similar using the largest grain and the small transport rate method, suggesting suitability of bedload trap data for incipient motion studies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Dept Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Dept Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu; sabt@engr.colostate.edu; jpotyondy@fs.fed.us; sryanburkett@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2004 VL 130 IS 9 BP 879 EP 893 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:9(879) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 848KQ UT WOS:000223466700005 ER PT J AU Hanson, CL Pierson, FB Johnson, GL AF Hanson, CL Pierson, FB Johnson, GL TI Dual-gauge system for measuring precipitation: Historical development and use SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE precipitation; rain gages; instrumentation; hydrology; climatology; meteorology; measurement ID ACCURACY; RAIN AB Undercatch of precipitation due primarily to wind is especially pronounced when measuring snowfall by gauges that are not naturally protected, such as in brush or forest clearings. The dual-gauge system can be used to measure all types of precipitation, but was designed specifically to improve the measurement of snowfall under windy conditions. The dual-gauge system uses sets of unshielded and shielded gauge data and an appropriate value of a calibration coefficient in an equation to calculate wind-adjusted precipitation. After three winter seasons of field studies in Idaho, it was determined that 1.8 was the most appropriate value for the calibration coefficient. Analyses of data from other sites in the United States, Canada, and Russia also show that 1.8 is the most reasonable value to use for the calibration coefficient when calculating wind-adjusted snowfall amounts, and that the dual-gauge system also significantly improves the measurement of other forms of precipitation. These studies led to the development of procedures for estimating "ground true" precipitation when only single unshielded or shielded gauge data are available. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Hanson, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:5(350) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 847BO UT WOS:000223363900002 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, J Van Liew, M Brown, GO AF Garbrecht, J Van Liew, M Brown, GO TI Trends in precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration in the Great Plains of the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE climatic changes; precipitation; streamflow; water resources; surface waters; watersheds; regional analysis; Nebraska; Kansas; Oklahoma ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-RESOURCES; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; RIVER AB Planning and strategic management of water resources are contingent on trends in water availability. In this study, the impact of decade-scale variations in annual and seasonal precipitation on streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) were identified for 10 watersheds in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma. In the Great Plains, an upward trend in precipitation over the last two decades of the 20th Century had a strong impact on streamflow and a comparatively weaker impact on ET. Even though precipitation, streamflow, and ET, amounts differed between watersheds, the trend due to the precipitation increase was similar for all watersheds. Increased precipitation led to a disproportionately large increase in streamflow and comparatively smaller increase in ET. On average, a 12% increase in annual precipitation led to a 64% increase in streamflow, but only a 5% increase in ET. The seasonal partitioning of the annual precipitation increase was, in most cases, biased toward the fall, winter, and spring, with little or no change during the hot summer months. The strong streamflow response indicated that planning and management of surface-water storage and supply can be critically impacted by decade-long trends in precipitation. The lack of significant increase in precipitation and streamflow during summer suggests that any existing shortages will likely remain despite the observed annual precipitation increase. The ET response suggests that dryland farming and ecosystem vitality could benefit from the increased precipitation in fall, winter, and spring, but the relative impacts are more modest compared to the streamflow response and do not occur during summer when potential ET is greatest. Finally, since the mid-1990s precipitation and streamflow in a number of Oklahoma watersheds have shown a gradual decline from peak values in the late 1980s toward more average conditions. This declining trend in streamflow may be important for planning and management of water resources systems that must meet an increasing demand for water by a growing society while at the same time considering environmental and recreational needs. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Garbrecht, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7202 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM garbrech@gri.ars.usda.gov; gbrown@okstate.edu RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:5(3600 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 847BO UT WOS:000223363900003 ER PT J AU Jain, SK Singh, VP van Genuchten, MT AF Jain, SK Singh, VP van Genuchten, MT TI Analysis of soil water retention data using artificial neural networks SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE neural networks; soil water; soil water storage; hysteresis; soil suction ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED SOILS; PREDICTION; MODEL; HYSTERESIS AB Many studies of water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone require estimates of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties, including the soil water retention curve (WRC) describing the relationship between soil suction and water content. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach was developed to describe the WRC using observed data from several soils. The ANN approach was found to produce equally or more accurate descriptions of the retention data as compared to several analytical retention functions popularly used in the vadose zone hydrology literature. Given sufficient input data, the ANN approach was also found to closely describe the hysteretic behavior of a soil, including observed scanning wetting and drying curves. C1 Natl Inst Hydrol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Jain, SK (reprint author), Natl Inst Hydrol, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM cesing@lsu.edu RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2004)9:5(415) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 847BO UT WOS:000223363900009 ER PT J AU Gurrieri, JT Furniss, G AF Gurrieri, JT Furniss, G TI Estimation of groundwater exchange in alpine lakes using non-steady mass-balance methods SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE water balance; groundwater; stable isotopes; lakes; mining ID PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; WATER-BALANCE; SEEPAGE LAKES; EVAPORATION; UNCERTAINTIES; VALIDATION; DEUTERIUM; COLORADO; TRITIUM; RUNOFF AB The role of groundwater in regulating the hydrology and chemistry of cirque lakes in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana was investigated to assess the potential for adverse impacts from groundwater drainage stresses produced by proposed underground mining. Non-steady water budget and chemical mass-balances for Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, delta(2)H and delta(18)O in conjunction with the Penman combination method to estimate evaporation were used to estimate groundwater inflow over 2-4 week time intervals during the ice-free seasons of 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002. Extreme seasonal fluctuations in solute and isotope content require the use of a non-steady approach. The degree of groundwater inflow differs widely between lakes ranging from negligible to direct communication with the local groundwater system. For lakes with groundwater inflow, a major portion of the solute load is contributed by groundwater compared to other inputs. The solute mass-balance method proved robust, yielding consistent groundwater inflow values for all lakes while success with stable isotopes was more limited. Mining induced disruptions in groundwater exchange could compromise the hydrologic and chemical balance of lakes with important subsurface water balance components. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Beaverhead Deerlodge Nat Forest, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59602 USA. RP Gurrieri, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Beaverhead Deerlodge Nat Forest, 1820 Meadowlark Lane, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM jgurrieri@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 297 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.021 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 846CL UT WOS:000223292300012 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Slininger, PJ Dien, BS Berhow, MA Kurtzman, CP Gorsich, SW AF Liu, ZL Slininger, PJ Dien, BS Berhow, MA Kurtzman, CP Gorsich, SW TI Adaptive response of yeasts to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and new chemical evidence for HMF conversion to 2,5-bis-hydroxymethlfuran SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotransformation; inhibitor; metabolite; stress tolerance ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; FERMENTATION; ALDEHYDE; XYLOSE AB Renewable lignocellulosic materials are attractive low-cost feedstocks for bioethanol production. Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are among the most potent inhibitory compounds generated from acid hydrolysis of lignocelluloses to simple sugars for fermentation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 211239 and NRRL Y-12632 and Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124, furfural and HMF inhibition were determined to be dose-dependent at concentrations from 10 to 120 mM. The yeast strains were more sensitive to inhibition by furfural than HMF at the same concentration, while combined treatment of furfural and HMF synergistically suppressed cell growth. A metabolite transformed from HMF by strain NRRL Y-12632 was isolated from the culture supernatant, and conclusively identified as 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran, a previously postulated HMF alcohol, with a composition Of C6H8O3 and a molecular weight of 128. It is proposed that, in the presence of HMF, the yeast reduces the aldehyde group on the furan ring of HMF into an alcohol, in a similar manner as for furfural. The accumulation of this biotransformed metabolite may be less toxic to yeast cultures than HMF, as evidenced by the rapid yeast fermentation and growth rates associated with HMF conversion. The ability of yeasts to adapt to and transform furfural and HMF offers the potential for in situ detoxification of these inhibitors and suggests a genetic basis for further development of highly tolerant strains for biofuel production. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM liuzl@ncaur.usda.gov OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 22 TC 169 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 45 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0148-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 859TX UT WOS:000224291900001 PM 15338422 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, TE TI Scent marking by males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE communication; territory; olfaction; sexual selection; Diptera ID FLIES DIPTERA; MATING SUCCESS; PREMATING BEHAVIOR; LEAF; HYMENOPTERA; BUMBLEBEES; DROSOPHILA; LOCATION; LITCHI; BOMBUS AB Males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata ( medfly), defend individual leaves as mating territories. While perching, males release an airborne pheromone ( known to attract females) from everted rectal epithelium at the tip of the abdomen. Males also occasionally touch the substrate with the tip of their abdomen. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether such abdomen dipping was a form of intersexual signaling, i.e., whether this action resulted in increased female visitation to the territory. Following observations on the frequency of pheromone calling and abdomen dipping of individually marked males, I ran a standard set of experiments using leaves from four different plant species. Leaves were exposed to varying numbers of ( mature) males and females, respectively, for varying durations, and female settlement was compared on exposed versus nonexposed leaves in laboratory cages. Exposing leaves to females had no, or little, influence on female distribution for any of the four plant species. Exposing leaves to males had little influence on subsequent female settlement for orange, coffee, or macadamia trees. However, leaves of the fig tree Ficus bejamina that were exposed to males were much more attractive to females than nonexposed leaves. I then conducted a series of additional tests using fig leaves and found that i) leaf exposure to immature males had no effect on female distribution, ii) leaf exposure to mature males for as little as 90 min increased leaf attractiveness to females, iii) prohibiting males direct contact with the leaf during exposure eliminated any effect on female settlement, and iv) females discriminated between exposed and nonexposed leaves even in physically complex environments (i.e., potted plants). The possible role of abdomen dipping in sexual advertisement of male medflies is discussed. C1 Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 709 EP 722 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000042551.10590.d2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 856EQ UT WOS:000224028900011 ER PT J AU Pound, JM Miller, JA Oehler, DD AF Pound, JM Miller, JA Oehler, DD TI Depletion rate of doramectin from blood serum of penned female white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla : Cervidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick control; pharmacokinetics; acaricide; medicated bait ID LONE STAR TICKS; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; IVERMECTIN; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY AB Female white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), were held in small pens and administered doramectin by free choice of doramectin-coated whole kernel corn, Zea mays L., fed ad libitum with 19% protein deer pellets also being fed ad libitum in a separate container. The mean concentration of doramectin in the serum during treatment was 72.8 ppb. The mean doramectin concentration in the serum decreased to <2 ppb, the lower limit of detection by high-pressure liquid chromatography, by day 14 after termination of treatment after withdrawal of doramectin-treated corn from the diet. C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Pound, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 942 EP 945 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 860FP UT WOS:000224328200020 PM 15535625 ER PT J AU Kremnicky, L Mastihuba, V Cote, GL AF Kremnicky, L Mastihuba, V Cote, GL TI Trichoderma reesei acetyl esterase catalyzes transesterification in water SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE acetyl esterase; transesterification; acylation; Trichoderma reesei ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; ORGANIC MEDIA; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; KOJIC ACID; D-XYLAN; SOLVENTS; DEACETYLATION; MIGRATION AB Partially purified Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 acetyl esterase preparation was found to catalyze acyl transfer reactions in organic solvents, mixtures of organic solvents with water and even in water. Using different acyl donors, the best results for acetyl transfer in water were obtained using vinyl acetate. As acetyl acceptors, a variety of hydroxyl bearing compounds in aqueous solutions were used. Degree of conversion and the number of newly formed acetates varied according to the acceptor used. Conversions over 50% were observed for the majority of several common monosaccharides, their methyl and deoxy derivatives and oligosaccharides. In several cases, the transesterification reaction exhibited strict regioselectivity, leading to only one acetyl derivative. Preparative potential of the transesterification in water was demonstrated by acetylation of methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and kojic acid, yielding 56.4% of methyl 3-O-acetyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, 70.2% of 4-nitrophenyl 3-O-acetyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and 30.9% of 7-O-acetyl-kojic acid as the only reaction products. This enzymatically catalyzed transacetylation in water, which is applied to transformation of saccharides for the first time, opens a new area in chemoenzymatic synthesis. Its major advantages are simplicity, highly regioselective esterification of polar compounds, high yields, low enzyme consumption and elimination of the need to use toxic organic solvents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava, Fac Chem & Food Technol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM COTEGL@ncaur.usda.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.05.007 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 849PM UT WOS:000223552000007 ER PT J AU Puckhaber, LS Stipanovic, RD AF Puckhaber, LS Stipanovic, RD TI Thespesenone and dehydrooxoperezinone-6-methyl ether, new sesquiterpene quinones from Thespesia populnea SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID NAPHTHOQUINONES; CONSTITUENTS; HEARTWOOD AB Thespesia populnea grows as a small tree or large shrub that occurs throughout Polynesia. We report the isolation of 7-hydroxycadalene (6), thespesenone (7), and dehydrooxoperezinone-6-methyl ether (8) from its red heartwood. Compounds 7 and 8 are reported for the first time in nature. Several other sesquiterpene quinones were isolated including mansonone E (4), mansonone F (3), mansonone D (1), mansonone G (9), mansonone M (10), and thespesone (4); the C-13 NMR spectra of these compounds are reported for the first time. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rdstip@cpru.usda.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1571 EP 1573 DI 10.1021/np049847p PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858JI UT WOS:000224187700026 PM 15387662 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Schreiner, RP Ivors, KL Vasconcelos, MC AF Pinkerton, JN Schreiner, RP Ivors, KL Vasconcelos, MC TI Effects of Mesocriconema xenoplax on Vitis vinifera and associated mycorrhizal fungi SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbuscule frequency; grape; Mesocrinonema xenoplax; mycorrhizae; plant disease loss; population dynamics; ring nematode; Vitis vinifera ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; ROOT-LESION NEMATODE; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; PRATYLENCHUS-VULNUS; CRICONEMOIDES XENOPLAX; ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCKS; GLOMUS-FASCICULATUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Previous surveys of vineyards had indicated that Mesocriconema xenoplax was present in 85% of vineyards in western Oregon, but yields were not depressed in established vines. Microplot studies were initiated in 1997 in a Willamette Valley vineyard to determine the impact of M. xenoplax on vine establishment. Plots were infested with 0.03, 0.6, and 3.0 M. xenoplax g(-1) soil and planted with self-rooted Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vines. In November 2000, four growing seasons after planting, pruning weights, fine root weights, and fruit yield of vines planted in infested soil were reduced by 58%, 75%, and 33%, respectively, relative to control vines (planted in noninfested soil). In 1998 with ca 2000 degree-day base 9degreesC accumulation, population densities increased 32-fold and 44-fold on 1-year-old Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vines, respectively. Nematode population dynamics and pruning data suggested that the carrying capacity of vines in microplots was 5 to 8 M. xenoplax g(-1) soil. In November 2000, more than 80% of the fine root length was colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in all treatments. The frequency of fine roots containing arbuscules (the site of nutrient transfer between plant and fungus), however, was depressed from 5% to 65% in plants infested initially with M. xenoplax as compared to controls. Competition for photosynthate within the root system is proposed as a possible mechanism by which nematodes suppressed arbuscule frequency. C1 USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu RI Vasconcelos, M Carmo/B-5973-2008 OI Vasconcelos, M Carmo/0000-0002-3070-6317 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871QU UT WOS:000225149200001 PM 19262807 ER PT J AU Khan, R Alkharouf, N Beard, H MacDonald, M Chouikha, I Meyer, S Grefenstette, J Knap, H Matthews, B AF Khan, R Alkharouf, N Beard, H MacDonald, M Chouikha, I Meyer, S Grefenstette, J Knap, H Matthews, B TI Microarray analysis of gene expression in soybean roots susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode two days post invasion SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; microarray; plant-pathogen interaction; SGMD; signaling pathway; soybean cyst nematode; soybean genomics microarray database; syncytium ID EARLY COMPATIBLE INTERACTION; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CDNA MICROARRAY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EARLY RESPONSE; RESISTANCE; DROUGHT; SALT; INFECTION; ABUNDANCE AB Soybean root cells undergo dramatic morphological and biochemical changes during the establishment of a feeding site in a compatible interaction with the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). We constructed a cDNA ruicroarray with approximately 1,300 cDNA inserts targeted to identify differentially expressed genes during the compatible interaction of SCN with soybean roots 2 days after infection. Three independent biological replicates were grown and inoculated with SCN, and 2 clays later RNA was extracted for hybridization to microarrays and compared to noninoculated controls. Statistical analysis indicated that approximately 8% of the genes monitored were induced and more than 50% of these were genes of unknown function. Notable genes that were more highly expressed 2 days after inoculation with SCN as compared to noninoculated roots included the repetitive proline-rich glycoprotein, the stress-induced gene SAM22, beta-1,3-endoglucanase, peroxidase, and those involved in carbohydrate metabolism, plant defense, and signaling. C1 Univ Maryland, Univ Coll, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. RP Khan, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Univ Coll, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871QU UT WOS:000225149200006 PM 19262812 ER PT J AU Giblin-Davis, RM Center, BJ Davies, KA Purcell, MF Scheffer, SJ Taylor, GS Goolsby, J Center, TD AF Giblin-Davis, RM Center, BJ Davies, KA Purcell, MF Scheffer, SJ Taylor, GS Goolsby, J Center, TD TI Histological comparisons of Fergusobia/Fergusonina-induced galls on different Myrtaceous hosts SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; Diptera; Fergusobia; Fergusonina; Fergusoninidae; fly gall development; histology; life history; mutualism; Myrtaceae; Nematoda; nematode; Tylenchida ID MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; FLIES AB The putative mutualism between different host-specific Fergusobia nematodes and Fergusonina flies is manifested in a variety of gall types involving shoot or inflorescence birds, individual flower buds, stems, or voting leaves in the plant family Myrtaceae. Different types of galls in the early-to-middle stages of development, with host-specific species of Fergusobia/Fergusonina, were collected from Australian members of the subfamily Leptospermoideae (six species of Eucalylyptus, two species of Corymbia, and seven species of broad-leaved Melateuca). Galls were sectioned and histologically examined to assess morphological changes induced by nematode/fly mutualism. The different gall forms were characterized into four broad categories: (i) individual flower bud, (ii) terminal and axial bud, (iii) 'basal rosette' stern, and (iv) flat leaf. Gall morphology in all four types appeared to result from species-specific selection of the oviposition site and timing and number of eggs deposited in a particular plant host. In all cases, early parasitism by, Fergusobia/Fergusonina involved several layers of uninucleate, hypertrophied cells lining the lumen of each locule (gall chamber where each fly larva and accompanying nematodes develop). Hypertrophied cells in galls were larger than normal epidermal cells, and each had an enlarged nucleus, nucleolus, and granular cytoplasm that resembled shoot bud gall cells induced by nematodes in the Anguinidae. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Adelaide, Discipline Plant & Pest Serv, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Giblin-Davis, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM giblin@ufl.edu RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 249 EP 262 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871QU UT WOS:000225149200007 PM 19262813 ER PT J AU Bai, C Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Yi, SX AF Bai, C Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Yi, SX TI Effect of entomopathogenic nematode concentration on survival during cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration; cryobiology; cryopreservation; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Steinernema carpocapsae; survival ID HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; TOLERANCE AB Entomopathogenic nematodes are used for biological control of insect pests. A method for improved cryopreservation of infective juvenile stage nematodes has been developed using Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Optimum survival for both species was achieved with 12,000 infective juveniles/ml in glycerol and 7,500/ml in Ringer's solution. For S. carpocapsae, maximum survival also was observed with 60,000 infective juveniles/ml in glycerol and 25,000/ml in Ringer's solution. These concentrations resulted in 100% post-cryopreservation Survival of S. carpocapsae and 100% retention of original virulence to Galleria mellonella larvae. This is the first report of achieving 100% survival of an entomopathogenic nematode after preservation in liquid nitrogen. Maximum survival of H. bacteriophora following cryopreservation was 87%. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, SAA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM clshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871QU UT WOS:000225149200011 PM 19262817 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Tenuta, M AF Zasada, IA Tenuta, M TI Chemical-mediated toxicity of N-Viro soil to Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amendment; ammonia; biosolid; Heterodera glycines; Meloidogyne incognita; nematodes; pH ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AMMONIA; AMENDMENTS; TOMATO; JAVANICA; ACID AB N-Viro Soil (NVS) is an alkaline-stabilized Municipal biosolid that has been shown to lower population densities and reduce egg hatch of Heterodera glycines and other plant-parasitic nematodes; but the mechanism (s) of nematode suppression of this soil amendment are unknown. This study sought to identify NVS-mediated changes in soil chemical properties and their impact upon H. glycines and Meloidogyne incognita mortality. N-Viro Soil was applied to sand in laboratory assays at 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% dry w/w with a nonamended treatment as a control. Nematode mortality and changes in sand-assay chemical properties were determined 24 hours after incubation. Calculated lethal concentration (LC90) values were 1.4% w/w NVS for second-stage juveniles of both nematode species and 2.6 and >3.0% kv/w NVS for eggs of M. incognita and H. glycines, respectively. Increasing rates of NVS were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.84) with higher sand solution pH levels. Sand solution pH levels and, to a lesser extent, the production of ammonia appeared to be the inorganic chemical-mediated factors responsible for killing plant-parasitic nematodes following amendment with NVS. C1 USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zasadai@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 871QU UT WOS:000225149200014 PM 19262820 ER PT J AU Lowe, NM Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Shames, DM Burri, BJ Abrams, SA Turnlund, JR Jackson, MJ King, JC AF Lowe, NM Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Shames, DM Burri, BJ Abrams, SA Turnlund, JR Jackson, MJ King, JC TI Kinetic parameters and plasma zinc concentration correlate well with net loss and gain of zinc from men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc status; biochemical indices; stable isotopes; kinetic analysis; compartmental model ID VITAMIN-A; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; DEPLETION; CHILDREN; HUMANS; WOMEN; HAIR AB The search for a reliable, convenient indicator of Zn status was the focus of research for several decades. Plasma Zn concentration is still the most widely used clinical measurement, despite the known problems of interpretation. More recently, researchers suggested that isotopically determined kinetic parameters, such as the exchangeable Zn pool (EZP), may more accurately and reliably reflect body Zn status. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between net body Zn loss and gain during acute changes in dietary Zn intake with biochemical and kinetic indices of Zn status. Five men participated in an 85-d Zn depletion/repletion study. Net body Zn loss and gain were determined from the difference between dietary plus intravenously administered Zn and Zn excretion. Biochemical indicators of Zn status included plasma Zn, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, and plasma retinol binding protein concentration. Following intravenous administration of Zn-70 or Zn-67, a compartmental model was used to determine EZP mass, fractional Zn absorption, endogenous zinc excretion (EZE), and plasma Zn flux. The changes in total body zinc correlated best with changes in plasma Zn (r(2) = 0.826, P < 0.001), EZE (r(2) = 0.773, P < 0.001), and plasma Zn flux (r(2) = 0.766, P < 0.001). This study confirms that plasma Zn concentration is a valid indicator of whole-body Zn status in the absence of confounding factors; however, further research is needed to determine how kinetic parameters respond to conditions where plasma Zn concentration is known to be unreliable. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Dept Biol Sci, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jking@chori.org RI Lowe, Nicola/B-5472-2013; OI Lowe, Nicola/0000-0002-6934-2768; Jackson, Malcolm/0000-0003-3683-8297; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 134 IS 9 BP 2178 EP 2181 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852KE UT WOS:000223753400003 PM 15333701 ER PT J AU Guan, XF Bequette, BJ Ku, PK Tempelman, RJ Trottier, NL AF Guan, XF Bequette, BJ Ku, PK Tempelman, RJ Trottier, NL TI The amino acid need for milk synthesis is defined by the maximal uptake of plasma amino acids by porcine mammary glands SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid requirement; mammary arteriovenous difference; amino acid uptake; pigs; lactation ID TISSUE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NURSING LARGE LITTERS; LACTATING SOW; PRIMIPAROUS SOWS; LYSINE REQUIREMENT; VALINE REQUIREMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION; DIETARY LYSINE; METABOLISM; PERFORMANCE AB To define dietary indispensable amino acid (IAA) needs for milk synthesis by the mammary glands (MG), 16 lactating sows were fed 1 of 4 isocaloric diets varying in protein concentrations (from 78 to 235 g/kg) with an ideal amino acid (AA) pattern. On d 9, 13, 17, and 21 of lactation, blood samples were obtained simultaneously from a carotid artery and the main mammary vein every 30 min over 6 h. A quadratic regression model of the log mammary arteriovenous difference (AVD) of plasma IAA (y) against daily intake of dietary IAA (X) was established. First, the reverse log intercept, defined as the mammary AVD at zero dietary AA supply, was used to quantify the contribution of endogenous IAA. The quantification was validated by body N balance coupled with AA composition analysis. Then, the estimated vertex (y(max), X-i was used in 2 aspects: 1) The maximal mammary uptake of plasma IAA, quantified by multiplying the maximal mammary AVD and plasma flow rate, was considered the physiological IAA need for milk synthesis. 2) Corresponding to the y(max), dietary IAA intake (X-i) would represent the total dietary IAA requirement, i.e., the sum of maintenance need and milk synthesis need after adjustment for body weight loss. Thus, dietary IAA needs for milk synthesis were derived. Moreover, the estimate of lysine need for milk synthesis in this study was identical to an estimate obtained from multiple regression analysis of feeding trial data. We conclude that dietary IAA needs for milk synthesis can be quantified by the maximal uptakes of plasma IAA by porcine MG. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Guan, XF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM xguan@bcm.tmc.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 134 IS 9 BP 2182 EP 2190 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852KE UT WOS:000223753400004 PM 15333702 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Zhu, L Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, CK Zhu, L Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Iron absorption from NaFeEDTA is downregulated in iron-loaded rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; downregulation; NaFeEDTA; ferrous sulfate; rats ID FE(III)-EDTA COMPLEX; FOOD FORTIFICATION; EDTA NAFE(III)EDTA; FISH-SAUCE; NON-HEME; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACID; DIET; ZINC AB NaFeEDTA is a promising fortificant for use in plant foods, because it is less susceptible to iron absorption inhibitors and has fewer undesirable impacts on sensory quality than ferrous sulfate. However, the hypothesis that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA is effectively downregulated in iron-overload conditions has not been thoroughly tested. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare downregulation of iron absorption from ferrous sulfate and NaFeEDTA in intact iron-loaded rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either ferrous sulfate (35 mg Fe per 1 kg diet) or elemental iron (30,000 mg Fe per 1 kg diet) for 29 d to achieve basal or iron-loaded status. While body weights and hemoglobin concentrations were the same for basal and iron-loaded rats, nonheme-iron concentrations in liver, spleen, and kidney were all significantly higher in iron-loaded rats, indicating elevated iron status. Percentage of iron absorption from Fe-59-labeled ferrous sulfate and NaFeEDTA, determined from whole-body retention of Fe-59 activity, was 64.7 and 49.4% in basal rats but decreased to 12.8 and 10.2% in iron-loaded rats, respectively. The reductions in percentage of iron absorption from both iron sources in rats as a result of iron loading were comparable (about -80% for both iron sources). Our results suggest that iron absorption from NaFeEDTA and ferrous sulfate is downregulated to a similar extent in iron-loaded rats. Hence, NaFeEDTA is no more likely than ferrous sulfate to exacerbate iron overload in subjects with adequate body iron stores. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 134 IS 9 BP 2270 EP 2274 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852KE UT WOS:000223753400017 PM 15333715 ER PT J AU Stuff, JE Casey, PH Szeto, KL Gossett, JM Robbins, JM Simpson, PM Connell, C Bogle, ML AF Stuff, JE Casey, PH Szeto, KL Gossett, JM Robbins, JM Simpson, PM Connell, C Bogle, ML TI Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE community nutrition; food insecurity; health status ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; MENTAL-HEALTH; HUNGER; WOMEN; INSUFFICIENCY; INDICATORS; CONSEQUENCES; SUFFICIENCY; POPULATIONS C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Coll Hlth, Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USDA, ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RP Stuff, JE (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jstuff@bcm.tmc.edu OI Robbins, James/0000-0003-2200-1947 NR 58 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 121 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 134 IS 9 BP 2330 EP 2335 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852KE UT WOS:000223753400026 PM 15333724 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TE Ottmar, RD AF Reinhardt, TE Ottmar, RD TI Baseline measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; firefighter; hazard; health; smoke; wildfire ID ALDEHYDES; AIR AB Extensive measurements of smoke exposure among wild-land firefighters are summarized, showing that firefighters can be exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants, including formaldehyde, acrolein, and respirable particulate matter. Benzene was also measured and found to be well below permissible exposure limits, with the highest concentrations occurring among firefighters working with engines and torches burning petroleum-based fuel. Exposures to all pollutants were higher among firefighters at prescribed burns than at wildfires, while shift-average smoke exposures were lowest among firefighters who performed initial attack of wildfires in tire early stages of the fires. Smoke exposure reaches its highest levels among firefighters maintaining fire within designated firelines and performing direct attack of spot fires that cross firelines. These events and the associated smoke exposures were positively correlated with increasing ambient wind speeds, which hamper fire management and carry the connective plume of the fire into firefighters' breathing zone. The pollutants measured in smoke were reasonably well-correlated with each other. enabling estimation of exposure to multiple pollutants in smoke from measurements of a single pollutant such as carbon monoxide. C1 URS Corp, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Reinhardt, TE (reprint author), URS Corp, 1501 Fourth Ave,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM Tim_Reinhardt@urscorp.com NR 28 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 1 IS 9 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1080/15459620490490101 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851NJ UT WOS:000223691500006 PM 15559331 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ AF Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ TI Regrowth and production of herbaceous riparian vegetation following defoliation SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing; clipping; stubble height; compensatory growth ID NEBRASKA SEDGE; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; MEADOWS AB Stubble height regulations are frequently used to manage livestock grazing of herbaceous riparian vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of stubble height, time of clipping and soil water status on production and regrowth of herbaceous riparian vegetation. We used a randomized block design with 4 study sites on each of 3 small (< 2m width) streams in northern Harney County, Ore. In June and July of 2000-2003, 40 x 50 cm experimental plots were clipped to stubble heights of 5.1 (2 inch), 10.2 (4 inch), or 15.2 cm (6 inch), and paired control plots were left unclipped. Complete treatment sets were located adjacent to the stream and 4 m from the stream at each site. All plots were clipped to I cm in October and regrowth was calculated by comparing clipped and control plots. Water table depth was measured weekly using PVC wells. Results indicate that height regrowth was associated positively with stubble height (P < 0.01) and was less with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.02). Weight regrowth was also positively related to stubble height (P < 0.01) and decreased with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.04) whereas annual aboveground production increased with July clipping (P = 0.02). Annual production values for clipped plots were higher than for unclipped plots, indicating compensatory production in response to defoliation. Plots distant from the stream had less water availability, but regrowth and production were not strongly influenced by distance from active stream channel. Timing and intensity of defoliation were reliable predictors of regrowth and production performance. Most clipping height x time combinations produced end of season heights sufficient to meet current federal stubble height requirements (i.e., 10-15 cm). Our results provide insight on the timing and intensity of defoliation that will allow for adequate regrowth to meet different management objectives. However, other factors such as stream channel morphology, animal selectivity, and annual weather variation will need to be considered. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 448 EP 454 DI 10.2307/4003973 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GV UT WOS:000223962200004 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD Harmon, D AF Young, JA Clements, CD Harmon, D TI Germination of seeds of Tamarix ramosissima SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; seed and seedbed ecology; germination temperature profiles ID ESTABLISHMENT; COTTONWOOD AB The germination of seeds of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) was compared at a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures from 0 through 40degrees C. Germination temperature profiles were developed for seeds of saltcedar collected from the Walker River Delta in western Nevada over a 3 year period. Germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures. For 2 of the 3 years of testing, maximum germination observed was 98 or 100%, indicating the seed lots were highly viable. Germination ranged from 0 to 6% at very cold seedbed temperatures, but jumped to 39 to 43% at cold seedbed temperatures. There was very little difference in germination between moderate and warmer seedbed temperatures. No single temperature always supported optimum germination. The temperatures that most frequently supported optima were 10/20 (10degrees C for 16 hours and 20degrees C for 8 hours in each 24 hour period), 10/25, 15/20, and 35degrees C. Mid summer collections of saltcedar seeds were much more variable in germination response compared to annually repeated late spring collections from the Walker River Delta. Available soil moisture apparently is an important factor in the germinability of saltcedar seeds collected in mid summer. Temperature regimes that supported optimum germination for the Walker River Delta accession of seed collected in mid summer, tended to occur at higher temperatures than for seeds collected from the same stand in late spring. Comparison of the saltcedar profile with germination temperature profiles of seeds of tree willow (Safix lutea Nutt.), coyote willow (S. exigua Nutt.), or Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) revealed that germination of saltcedar seeds was equal in the number of regimes with some germination, mean of optima, and maximum observed germination. For all other germination characteristics measured, saitcedar is lower and sometimes distinctly lower than for seeds of the native woody species. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jayoung@scs.unr.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.2307/4003976 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GV UT WOS:000223962200007 ER PT J AU Monaco, TA Creech, JE AF Monaco, TA Creech, JE TI Sulfosulfuron effects on growth and photosynthesis of 15 range grasses SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE caespitose grass; rhizomatous grass; invasive annual grass; carbon assimilation; photosystem II fluorescence; sulfonylurea herbicide ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BROME BROMUS TECTORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MON-37500; TEMPERATURE AB We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare photosynthetic and growth responses of 2 invasive annual grasses (downy brome = Bromus tectorum L. and medusahead = Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) [Nevski]), 6 caespitose grasses, and 7 rhizomatous grasses to the herbicide sulfosulfuron (1-(2-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-alpyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea). Our objectives were to identify general patterns of species responsiveness and test the hypothesis that sulfosulfuron induced reduction in photosynthetic activity and shoot growth would be more pronounced in small relative to larger plants. Small plants in a spring experiment and large plants in a summer experiment were treated with sulfosulfuron (70 g ai ha(-1)). Wildryes and bromes were consistently injured; whereas, 5 of the 7 wheatgrasses were not susceptible to sulfosulfuron. Rhizomatous grasses generally experienced greater damage from sulfosulfuron than caespitose grasses. These results suggest that sulfosulfuron would provide a useful rangeland management tool to control unwanted invasive annual grasses without significantly hindering growth and physiology of desirable rangeland grasses. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Creech, Earl/J-9166-2015 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.2307/4003978 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GV UT WOS:000223962200009 ER PT J AU Karn, JF Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Poland, WW AF Karn, JF Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Poland, WW TI Ploidy, water, and nitrogen effects on Russian wildrye chemical composition SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diploid; tetraploid; stage of maturity; rain shelter; forage quality ID WARM-SEASON GRASSES; FORAGE QUALITY; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; PERENNIAL GRASSES; KLEINGRASS FORAGE; N-FERTILIZATION; GROWTH-STAGES; PLANT-PARTS; DIGESTIBILITY; LEAF AB Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a cool-season introduced bunchgrass, offers producers an alternative to crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] for spring and fall grazing in the Northern Great Plains. Tetraploid Russian wildrye with improved seedling establishment may offer even greater potential for seasonal grazing. This study investigates how the concentrations of some nutritive quality components in leaf, stem, and infloreseence tissue of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye were affected by growing season water (50 and 150% of average precipitation) and fertilizer (10 and 134 kg N ha(-1)). Plants were sampled at vegetative, boot, anthesis, and anthesis plus 10-day stages of maturity in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Tetraploid plants bad slightly (P < 0.05) less crude protein (CP) in leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue than diploid plants. Plants grown at the 50% water treatment had higher CP and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in leaf and inflorescence tissue, while in stem tissue only CP was affected by the growing season water. treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in greater CP and IVDMD and lower ADF and NDF in all 3 plant tissues. Maturity affects were consistent over leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue, with CP and IVDMD declining and ADF and NDF increasing as plants matured. There were some differences in nutritive quality components between diploid and tetraploid plants, but overall their qualities were comparable and quite good. Crude protein at all stages of maturity in leaf and inflorescence tissue would have been adequate for most classes of beef cattle, while stem tissue CP would have only been adequate for lower producing animals. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. RP Karn, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.2307/4003980 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GV UT WOS:000223962200011 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Nibling, FL Deloach, CJ AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Nibling, FL Deloach, CJ TI Canopy spectra of giant reed and associated vegetation SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE light reflectance; color-infrared photography; color-infrared videography; image analysis; accuracy assessment; Arundo donax; global positioning system; geographic information system ID MULTISPECTRAL DIGITAL IMAGERY; REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS; INFESTATIONS AB This paper describes the spectral light reflectance characteristics of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and the application of aerial color-infrared photography and videography for distinguishing infestations of this invasive plant species in Texas riparian areas. Airborne videography was integrated with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for mapping the distribution of giant reed. Field spectral measurements showed that giant reed had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species in summer and fall. Giant reed had a conspicuous pink image response on the color-infrared photography and videography. This allowed infestations to be quantified using computer analysis of the photographic and videographic images. Accuracy assessments performed on the classified images had user's and producer's accuracies for giant reed that ranged from 78% to 100%. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of giant reed infestations to be recorded on each image. A long stretch of the Rio Grande in southwest and west Texas was flown with the photographic and video systems to detect giant reed infestations. The GPS coordinates on the color-infrared video scenes depicting giant reed infestations were entered into a GIS to map the distribution of this invasive weed along the Rio Grande. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.2307/4003988 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GV UT WOS:000223962200019 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Meslow, EC Zabel, CJ AF Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Meslow, EC Zabel, CJ TI Diets and foraging behavior of northern Spotted Owls in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; diet; prey selection; northern flying squirrel-; Glaucomys sabrinus; red tree vole; Arborimus longicaudus ID WESTERN OREGON; PREY SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; ARIZONA AB We describe local, regional, and annual variation in diets of northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in Oregon based on 24497 prey, collected at 1118 owl territories in 1970-2003. The sample included 91.5% mammals, 4.3% birds, 4.1% insects, and 0.1% other prey. The diet included greater than or equal to131 species, including 49 mammals, 41 birds, 3 reptiles, 1 frog, 1 crayfish, 1 scorpion, 2 snails, and 33 species of insects. On average, 91.9 +/- 0.3% (SE) of prey in the diet were nocturnal animals, 3.3 +/- 0.2% were diurnal, and 4.8 +/- 0.2% were active both day and night. Of the prey captured, 50.5 +/- 0.8% were arboreal, 18.7 +/- 0.7% were scansorial, 4.8 +/- 0.2% were aerial, and 26.0 +/- 0.7% were terrestrial. Mean mass of prey was 116.6 +/- 6.5 g. Diets varied among owl territories, geographic regions, and years; but were generally dominated by four to six species of nocturnal mammals, including northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sahrinus), woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes and N. cinerea), red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus), western red-backed voles (Clethrionomys californicus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), or gophers (Thomomys spp.). Estimates of dietary evenness were low, indicating diets dominated by a few species of mammals. Forest management practices that produce healthy populations of arboreal and scansorial mammals such as flying squirrels, woodrats, and red tree voles should benefit northern Spotted Owls in Oregon and Washington. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USDI Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 214 EP 230 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 860AW UT WOS:000224310500003 ER PT J AU Mausbach, MJ Dedrick, AR AF Mausbach, MJ Dedrick, AR TI The length we go - Measuring environmental benefits of conservation practices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY NOV 03, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Soil Sci Soc Amer ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; AGRICULTURE AB The 2002 farm bill substantially increased funding levels for conservation programs, and established the new Conservation Security Program. How can the American public and legislators know the money will be well spent? A new project - the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) - will provide the agricultural community, the public, and others involved with environmental policy issues an accounting of the benefits obtained from these conservation program costs. Now the question: How will CEAP be implemented? C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. Nat Resources & Sustainable Agr Syst, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Mausbach, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 96A EP 103A PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 865RT UT WOS:000224721100006 ER PT J AU West, E Ruark, G AF West, E Ruark, G TI A long, long time ago... SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Riparian areas-land adjacent to a streambank or other water body-filtering nonpoint source pollution. Unfortunately the riparian areas of today, include only narrow bands of forests, or no woody vegetation. This greatly minimizes their ecological function. In deciding how to manage these areas, knowing the natural riparian makeup before humans settled in the area is vital. Management essentially is then restoration. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Natl Agroforestry Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP West, E (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 104A EP 110A PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 865RT UT WOS:000224721100007 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Grigg, BC Blanche, CA Daniel, TC AF Pote, DH Grigg, BC Blanche, CA Daniel, TC TI Effects of pine straw harvesting on quantity and quality of surface runoff SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; erosion; pine-straw harvesting; nutrient loss; runoff; water quality ID INTENSITY AB Pine needles (straw) are an attractive landscape mulching material that protects the soil surface against erosion, conserves soil moisture, moderates soil temperature, and inhibits weed growth; yet it retains a loose, open structure that allows air, fertilizer, and water to easily penetrate the soil surface. Such characteristics have made pine straw a valuable commodity, but the loss of those mulching benefits from pine forests has raised concerns about effects on watersheds where pine straw is harvested. For example, pine straw absorbs the impact of raindrops and slows the speed of runoff, so its removal may increase soil erosion and nutrient losses, and decrease water-holding capacity of the forest floor. To test this hypothesis, three pine-straw harvesting practices and a control treatment (no straw harvest) were compared to determine harvesting effects on water, soil, and nutrient losses in runoff. The 24 Plots (six replications of each treatment) were constructed in an established (16 yrs) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand that had tree spacing of 3.0 m by 1.5 m (10 ft by 5 ft), and basal area of 41.3 m(2) ha(-1) (180 ft(2) ac(-1)). Each plot (2 m by 1 m or 6.6 ft by 3.3 ft) had four percent slope, aluminum borders, and a runoff collector. Simulated rainfall was applied [5 cm h(-1) (2 in h(-1))] to produce 20 minutes of runoff from each plot. Annual pine straw harvesting clearly increased runoff, soil erosion from 0.5 to 91.6 kg ha(-1) (0.4 to 81.7 lb ac(-1)), and losses of phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (N) in runoff; but these losses were partially controlled by less-frequent harvesting, and declined to control levels when pine straw had accumulated for two years. C1 USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 865RT UT WOS:000224721100010 ER PT J AU Bentrup, G Kellerman, T AF Bentrup, G Kellerman, T TI Where should buffers go? Modeling riparian habitat connectivity in northeast Kansas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE connectivity; corridors; fragmentation; geographic information systems (GIS); riparian buffers; wildlife ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; CORRIDORS; FRAGMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INDICATORS; AMPHIBIANS; DISPERSAL AB Through many funding programs, riparian buffers are being created on agricultural lands to address significant water quality problems. Society and landowners are demanding many other environmental and social services (e.g., wildlife habitat and income diversification) from this practice. Resource planners therefore need to design riparian buffer systems in the right places to provide multiple services. However, scientific guidance for this is lacking. We developed a geographic information system (GIS)-based assessment method for quickly identifying where buffers can be established to restore connectivity of riparian areas for the benefit of terrestrial wildlife. An area in northeastern Kansas was selected to evaluate this tool. Species with limited dispersal capabilities were used as indicators for riparian connectivity. To improve connectivity, results indicated that 22 percent of the perennial stream length in the study area would need riparian buffers. This coarse-filter approach appears to be appropriate for large area planning and can be used singly or in combination with other GIS-guided resource assessments to guide riparian buffer design and implementation. C1 Natl Agroforestry Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Bentrup, G (reprint author), Natl Agroforestry Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 865RT UT WOS:000224721100012 ER PT J AU Burkart, MR James, DE Tomer, MD AF Burkart, MR James, DE Tomer, MD TI Hydrologic and terrain variables to aid strategic location of riparian buffers SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE digital elevation model (DEM); geographic information systems (GIS); hydrology; land use planning; nonpoint source pollution; riparian buffers; terrain analysis; water quality ID SCALE WATERSHED EVALUATIONS; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; SOIL LOSS EQUATION; DEEP-LOESS SOILS; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; SEDIMENT; QUALITY; REMOVAL; FOREST AB Methods for mapping hydrologic variables to locate vegetated riparian buffers were explored using examples from the Deep Loess Region of the Midwest. Elevation and stream-flow data were used to define wetness, baseflow, sediment transport, and discharge indices. Groundwater dominates discharge in very small streams and through riparian areas in the region. All indices showed that riparian areas along first order streams have greater potential to intercept groundwater or runoff than similar areas along larger streams. A wetness index, used to indicate saturated soils, defined a significantly (p < 0.05) greater probability of saturation along smaller streams, enhancing the potential for groundwater interception. Significantly smaller values of the sediment transport index along smaller streams provide enhanced opportunities for deposition of sediment and associated contaminants. A discharge index shows that buffers along first order streams have orders of magnitude greater opportunities to intercept water passing through riparian areas than reaches of larger streams. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Burkart, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 5 BP 216 EP 223 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 865RT UT WOS:000224721100013 ER PT J AU Keim, NL Blanton, CA Kretsch, MJ AF Keim, NL Blanton, CA Kretsch, MJ TI America's obesity epidemic: Measuring physical activity to promote an active lifestyle SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; HAND-HELD DEVICE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-LOSS; CALORIC REQUIREMENTS AB The incidence of overweight and obesity in the United States and worldwide has reached epidemic proportions. To effectively intervene, dietetics professionals and other health care practitioners need to address both sides of the energy balance equation when counseling clients and patients. Often, the focus on energy intake supersedes the promotion of a physically active lifestyle. Incorporating appropriate and sufficient physical activity into one's life is an essential component of achieving and maintaining a healthful body weight. This review summarizes background knowledge on the benefits of physical activity for health and provides an overview of available tools for measuring physical activity and energy expenditure. The physical and mental health benefits of an active lifestyle, current physical activity recommendations for the US public, the prevalence of inactivity in the United States, and components of energy expenditure are reviewed. Additionally, tools for estimating total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity are evaluated and suitable approaches for applying these tools are provided. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,GWCC-4-2180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM molly.kretsch@nps.ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 9 BP 1398 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.06.005 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852LG UT WOS:000223756200016 PM 15354157 ER PT J AU Braam, L McKeown, N Jacques, P Lichtenstein, A Vermeer, C Wilson, P Booth, S AF Braam, L McKeown, N Jacques, P Lichtenstein, A Vermeer, C Wilson, P Booth, S TI Dietary phylloquinone intake as a potential marker for a heart-healthy dietary pattern in the Framingham offspring cohort SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; VITAMIN-K; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; WOMEN; RISK; CONSUMPTION; PLASMA; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Associations were evaluated among self-reported dietary intakes of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1), lifestyle characteristics, and intermediary markers of cardiovascular disease risk in a population-based cohort of men and women. Dietary phylloquinone intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire in 1,338 men and 1,603 women (mean age, 54 years) participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Cross-sectional associations with lifestyle characteristics and lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, were estimated across increasing quintile categories of phylloquinone intakes. Participants in the highest quintile category of phylloquinone intake consumed more fruit, vegetables, fish, dietary fiber, and dietary supplements (P<.001), and consumed less meat and less saturated fat (P<.001). Higher phylloquinone intakes were also associated with lower triglyceride concentrations (P<.001). In conclusion, a high phylloquinone intake may be a marker for an overall heart-healthy dietary pattern. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NHLBI, Framingham MA Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Cardiovasc Res Inst Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Booth, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Vermeer, Cees/0000-0002-2300-8561 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HC 38038]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK 07651] NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 9 BP 1410 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.06.021 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852LG UT WOS:000223756200017 PM 15354158 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Rhodes, DG Rumpler, WV AF Conway, JM Rhodes, DG Rumpler, WV TI Commercial portion-controlled foods in research studies: How accurate are label weights? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; DESIGN; TRIAL AB Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of label weights as surrogates for actual weights in commercial portion-controlled foods used in a research setting. Design Actual weights of replicate samples of 82 portion-controlled food items and 17 discrete units of food from larger packaging were determined over time. Comparison was made to the package label weights for the portion-controlled food items and the per-serving weights for the discrete units. Setting The study was conducted at the US Department of Agriculture's Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center's Human Study Facility, which houses a metabolic kitchen and human nutrition research facility. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measures were the actual and label weights of 99 food items consumed by human volunteers during controlled feeding studies. Statistical Analyses Performed The difference between label and actual weights was tested by the paired t test for those data that complied with the assumptions of normality. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for the remainder of the data. Compliance with federal guidelines for packaged weights was also assessed. Results There was no statistical difference between actual and label weights for only 37 food items. The actual weights of 15 portion-controlled food items were 1% or more less than label weights, making them potentially out of compliance with federal guidelines. Conclusions With advance planning and continuous monitoring, well-controlled feeding studies could incorporate portion-controlled food items and discrete units, especially beverages and confectionery products. Dietetics professionals should encourage individuals with diabetes and others on strict dietary regimens to check actual weights of portion-controlled products carefully against package weights. C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, BARC,Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, BHNRC, BARC,Diet & Human Performance Lab,Food Surveys Re, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, BARC,Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 307B,Room 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM conway@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 9 BP 1420 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.06.023 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 852LG UT WOS:000223756200019 PM 15354160 ER PT J AU Brown, EM AF Brown, EM TI Potential interactions of the C-terminal telopeptides of bovine type I collagen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 19-22, 2003 CL Greensboro, NC SP Amer Leather Chem Assoc ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; TRIPLE-HELIX; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; CROSS-LINKING; MICROFIBRIL; CONFORMATION; PROTEINS; FIBRILS; FIBRILLOGENESIS; PEPTIDES AB Type I collagen, the primary substrate for the tanning industry, is comprised of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains containing more than 3000 amino acid residues. More than 95% of each protein chain of the fibrillar collagens has a repeating tripeptide sequence, Glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are often proline and hydroxyproline. This amino acid sequence imposes a rigid helical structure that coils into a triple helix and becomes the basis for supramolecular structures that give shape and integrity to organisms. The remaining 4% to 5% of the collagen molecule is composed of short extensions (telopeptides), without the tripeptide repeat, at the amino and carboxyl termini of the triple helix. These telopeptide regions, unlike the helical segments, are highly flexible, allowing reactive side-chains containing amine and carboxyl groups to assume conformations favorable for interactions with adjacent triple helix chains. Published reports of possible conformations for the carboxy terminal telopeptides of type I collagen were based on spectroscopic studies of the isolated peptides or on analysis of their amino acid sequences. The ERRC collagen microfibril model makes it possible to evaluate these predictions in the context of a supramolecular collagen structure. A conformation based on the collagen triple helix and a similar conformation predicted from NMR studies could be located within the gap region of the microfibril and would be suitable for interactions with neighboring triple helices. Conformations developed from solution studies of isolated peptides resulted in a telopeptide chain protruding out of the microfibril, and toward more distant helices. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ebrown@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 99 IS 9 BP 376 EP 385 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852CV UT WOS:000223733700003 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN Dudley, RL AF Marmer, WN Dudley, RL TI The use of oxidative chemicals for the removal of hair from cattle hides in the beamhouse SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 19-22, 2003 CL Greensboro, NC SP Amer Leather Chem Assoc ID OXIDIZING UNHAIRING PROCESS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SODIUM PERBORATE; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CHROME SHAVINGS; LEATHER WASTE; PILOT-SCALE; PART I; PERCARBONATE; RECOVERY AB Conventional dehairing employs salts of sulfide for the reductive degradation and removal of hair from hides. Although sulfide salts are very efficient and effective in the removal of hair; their use is environmentally costly because they contribute to biological and chemical oxygen demand. In addition, the salts could react with acid to produce toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. In our ongoing study of the use of alkaline oxidative chemicals as replacements for sulfides in the beambouse, we have developed three different dehairing protocols -- alkaline sodium perborate and alkaline hydrogen peroxide amended with either potassium cyanate or urea. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide/urea was very effective in removing hair, but it also led to extensive damage to the hide. Alkaline sodium perborate effectively removed the hair from cattle hides without any sign of grain damage. Leather produced from hides that had been dehaired using the sulfide-free dehairing had at least as good physical properties as leather produced from hides dehaired using sulfide. In addition, the uptake of the dyes used to make crust leather was better for the hides that had been oxidatively dehaired relative to those that had been sulfide-dehaired. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wmarmer@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 99 IS 9 BP 386 EP 393 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852CV UT WOS:000223733700004 ER PT J AU McCardle, PW Webb, RE Norden, BB Aldrich, JR AF McCardle, PW Webb, RE Norden, BB Aldrich, JR TI Evaluation of five trapping systems for the surveillance of gravid mosquitoes in Prince Georges County, Maryland SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CULEX MOSQUITOS; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATTRACTANTS; LIGHT; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; FLORIDA AB Five mosquito trapping systems were evaluated in a large wildlife research center containing extensive and diverse mosquito-breeding habitat. The systems evaluated included Centers for Disease Control (CDC) New Standard Miniature Light traps with and without CO2 (dry ice), CDC gravid traps, partially open 1.8-m(3) cages, and Fay-Prince traps baited with CO2. The first 4 trap systems were evaluated for 17 periods, while the Fay-Prince trap was evaluated on 5 trapping dates. Parameters recorded for each species were total catch, percent males, total females, and whether blood-fed/gravid. Fourteen of the 23 species caught yielded over 50 individuals in the 5 trapping systems (range of 71-2,524 specimens per species). Both light and CO2 were powerful attractants for 12 of the 14 commonly caught species. However, for most species, the majority of captured females were nongravid. Gravid traps caught fewer mosquitoes than did light- or CO2-baited traps, but the catch consisted of a higher percentage of gravid females. The open cages caught substantial numbers (>100 individuals) of 5 species, and for 2 species, this was the most productive trap. While light- and CO2-baited traps tended to catch few males or gravid females, the open cages caught an eclectic mixture of males, gravid females, and nongravid females, perhaps representative of the true percentages of each in nature. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 254 EP 260 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 859RE UT WOS:000224284800008 PM 15532923 ER PT J AU Garzon, GA Warner, K Felker, FC Palmquist, DE Eller, F AF Garzon, GA Warner, K Felker, FC Palmquist, DE Eller, F TI Oxidation of soybean oil during storage of starch-oil composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hexanal; oxidation; sensory; starch-oil composite ID STEAM JET COOKING; LIPID COMPOSITES; WHEAT-FLOUR; VITAMIN-E; FAT; STABILITY; FILMS AB The oxidative deterioration of dry starch-oil composites was investigated by chemical and sensory methods. The composites were stored at 37 degreesC for 63 d, and changes in the hexanal content and odor attributes were monitored. Analysis of the extracted oil showed that the first run through the drum dryer presented higher hexanal concentrations than the subsequent runs. Starch-oil composites from the first run though the drum dryer showed higher metal concentrations and higher odor ratings during Storage time than the subsequent runs. There was a significant correlation between odor attributes and hexanal concentration in the first run. Since both the oxidation and the metal content were higher in the first run and decreased in further runs, we concluded that oxidation might have been induced by the presence of metal in the drum dryer. It is likely that during drum drying, the metal drum and knife surfaces became coated with soy oil, reducing both abrasion and metal contact with the product. Since many applications of the starch-oil composite technology require drum drying, it will be necessary to take measures to minimize metal contamination of the product, perhaps by discarding the initial portion of product, which contains the most metal. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM felkerfc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 81 IS 9 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-0992-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871HS UT WOS:000225121700008 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ He, XH Liao, LP McKeon, TA AF Chen, GQ He, XH Liao, LP McKeon, TA TI 2S albumin gene expression in castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biobased products; castor; oilseed; ricinoleate; 2S storage protein ID SEED STORAGE PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; BRASSICA-NAPUS; BEAN-SEEDS; PRECURSOR; ALLERGENS; FAMILY; TISSUE; BODIES AB In the castor plant (Ricinus communis L.), 2S albumins are highly allergenic seed proteins and are detrimental to the reintroduction of castor as a U.S. crop. Others have shown that the two 2S albumins are encoded by a single gene and processed from a precursor protein in castor. Little is known about the expression pattern of the 2S albumin gene. As part of a genetic approach to eliminating 2S albumin from castor, we investigated the developmental expression of this gene in castor seed. To assess seed developmental age quickly and accurately, we established a set of simple criteria, which included two visual markers, seed coat color and endosperm volume, and defined three phases that encompass the course of castor seed development. Northern analysis indicated that the 2S albumin mRNA is highly abundant in the mid-phase of seed development. A comparison of 2S albumin genomic DNA and cDNA clones from two castor cultivars indicated that only a single gene is expressed. Protein domain sequence analysis revealed that castor 2S albumin contains the trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family domain, suggesting a role for the albumin in insect resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM QHGC@pw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 81 IS 9 BP 867 EP 872 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-0993-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 871HS UT WOS:000225121700009 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Changes in cutting composition during early stages of adventitious rooting of miniature rose altered by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rosa spp. 'Scarlet Cupido'; 'Sunrise Cupido'; 'Blue Cupido'; 'Favorite Cupido'; Glomus intraradices; arbuscular mycorrhizae ID STEM CUTTINGS; NITROGEN; RECOGNITION; INFECTION; PLANTS AB Many changes in metabolism are known to occur during adventitious root formation, including changes in amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on adventitious rooting of rose was tested by inoculating four cultivars with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. Changes in cutting composition were measured during the initial stages of adventitious root formation. Although there were cultivar-specific differences in response, AMF inoculation generally increased the biomass and number of adventitious roots on cuttings before root colonization was detected. Application of rooting hormone increased this effect. Inoculation with AMF washings also increased the root biomass and number, but only when cuttings were treated with hormone. Changes in cutting composition in response to AMF were detected at 7 to 14 days. Differences in protein concentrations in response to AMF or hormone application were similar, while differences in amino acid and reducing sugar concentrations were not. Concentrations of proteins and amino acids in cuttings at the beginning of the experiment were positively correlated with adventitious rooting, while concentrations of reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars were not correlated with rooting. These results suggests that nitrogen-containing compounds play an important role in adventitious rooting, and that changes in amino acids associated with AMF inoculation were potentially different than those that occurred when cuttings were treated with rooting hormone alone. Carbohydrate concentrations in cuttings were not strongly related to initiation of adventitious roots, but reducing sugar may play a role in regulating part of the response of cuttings to AMF. The response of rose cuttings prior to colonization by G. intraradices suggests that AMF-plant signaling events occurred prior to rooting. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 129 IS 5 BP 624 EP 634 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853OE UT WOS:000223836100002 ER PT J AU Arora, R Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Dhanaraj, AL Marian, CO Ehlenfeldt, MK Vinyard, B AF Arora, R Rowland, LJ Ogden, EL Dhanaraj, AL Marian, CO Ehlenfeldt, MK Vinyard, B TI Dehardening kinetics, bud development, and dehydrin metabolism in blueberry cultivars during deacclimation at constant, warm temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; freezing tolerance; Vaccinium ID COLD-HARDINESS; FREEZING-TOLERANCE; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; GENETIC-CONTROL; FLORAL BUDS; ACCLIMATION; PURIFICATION; VACCINIUM AB Loss of freeze tolerance, or deacclimation, is an integral part of winter survival in woody perennials because untimely mid-winter or spring thaws followed by a hard freeze can cause severe injury to dehardened tissues. This study was undertaken to investigate deacclimation kinetics, particularly the timing and speed, of five blueberry (Vaccinium L.) cultivars ('Bluecrop', 'Weymouth', 'Ozarkblue', 'Tifblue', and 'Legacy'), with different germplasm compositions and mid-winter bud hardiness levels, in response to an environmentally controlled temperature regime. Based upon bud cold hardiness evaluations in 2000 and 2001, 'Tifblue', a Vaccinium ashei Reade cultivar, was one of the least hardy and the fastest to deacclimate; 'Bluecrop', a predominantly V corymbosum L. cultivar, was the most hardy and the slowest to deacclimate; and 'Ozarkblue', a predominantly V corymbosum cultivar but including southern species V darrowi Camp. and V ashei, was intermediate in speed of deacclimation. 'Weymouth'(predominantly V. corymbosum) and 'Legacy' (73.4% V. corymbosum and 25% V. darrowi) were slow to intermediate deacclimators. Deacclimation rates did not correlate strictly with mid-winter bud hardiness. Data suggest that the southern germplasm component V ashei may be responsible for the observed faster deacclimation whereas both southern species, V darrowi and V. ashei, may contribute genes for cold sensitivity. Strong positive correlations between stage of bud opening and bud cold hardiness existed in both years (r=0.90 and 0.82 in 2000 and 2001 study, respectively). Previously identified major blueberry dehydrins, 65-,60-, and 14-kDa, progressively decreased in their abundance during incremental dehardening in 'Bluecrop', 'Weymouth', and 'Tifblue'. However, down-regulation of the 14-kDa dehydrin most closely mirrored the loss in cold hardiness during deacclimation, and, therefore, may be involved in regulation of bud dehardening. Because differences in deacclimation rate were clearly evident among the genotypes studied, rate of deacclimation of the flower buds of blueberry should be an important consideration in breeding to improve winter survival. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, 139 Hort Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rarora@iastate.edu NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 129 IS 5 BP 667 EP 674 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853OE UT WOS:000223836100008 ER PT J AU Mou, BQ Bull, C AF Mou, BQ Bull, C TI Screening lettuce germplasm for new sources of resistance to corky root SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sphingomonas suberifaciens; Rhizomonas suberifaciens; disease resistance; molecular marker; Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Lactuca saligna; Lactuca virosa ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; RHIZOMONAS-SUBERIFACIENS; ICEBERG LETTUCE; RUST RESISTANCE; POTENTIAL USE; LOSSES; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASES; SEVERITY AB Corky root is a major disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) observed in many production areas of the world. The pathogen Sphingomonas suberifaciens (van Bruggen et al.) Yabuuchi et al. varies with regard to virulence, and several strains have been isolated that can cause disease symptoms even on cultivars that have the only known resistance gene, cor. It is desirable to find new sources of resistance to diversify the genetic basis of the resistance and to confer resistance against isolates that are not adequately controlled by cor. More than 1000 plant introduction lines and cultivars were screened in assays conducted in the greenhouse, growth chamber, and field. Three L. serriola L. lines (PI 491239, PI 491096, and PI 491110) and a L. virosa L. line (PI 273597c) were highly resistant to corky root in all tests. Disease severity ratings in the field were correlated with the ratings in the greenhouse (r=0.722) and in the growth chamber (r=0.650). Significant genotype x environment interactions were observed for corky root severity. None of the four resistant lines had the two molecular markers closely linked to the cor allele. The information on disease resistance for these genotypes will be useful in future breeding work. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, BQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 129 IS 5 BP 712 EP 716 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853OE UT WOS:000223836100014 ER PT J AU Hyman, JR Gaus, J Foolad, MR AF Hyman, JR Gaus, J Foolad, MR TI A rapid and accurate method for estimating tomato lycopene content by measuring chromaticity values of fruit puree SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium; carotenoids; beta-carotene; colorimetry; fruit color; nutritional quality; HPLC ID GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; BETA-CAROTENE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRODUCTS; HPLC; CANCER; FOODS; BIOAVAILABILITY; ANTIOXIDANT; PREVENTION AB Lycopene is the red pigment and a major carotenoid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit. It is a potent natural antioxidant, and the focus of many tomato genetics and breeding programs. Crop improvement for increased fruit lycopene content requires a rapid and accurate method of lycopene quantification. Among the various available techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be accurate, however, it is laborious and requires skilled labor and the use of highly toxic solvents. Similarly, spectrophotometric methods, although easier than HPLC, also require time-consuming extractions and may not be as accurate as HPLC, as they often overestimate fruit lycopene content. Colorimetric estimation of fruit lycopene using chromaticity values has been proposed as an alternative rapid method. Previous studies that examined the utility of this technique, however, were confined to the evaluation of only one or few cultivars and, therefore, lacked broad applicability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of chromaticity values for estimating lycopene and beta-carotene contents in tomato across diverse genetic backgrounds. Measurements of the chromaticity values (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*) were taken on whole fruit and puree of 24 tomato genotypes and were compared with HPLC measurements of fruit lycopene and beta-carotene. Examination of different regression models indicated that a model based on the transformed value a*(4) from puree measurements explained up to 94.5% of the total variation in fruit lycopene content as measured by HPLC. When this model was applied to a second set of fruit harvested at a later date from the same 24 genotypes, it explained more than 90% of the total variation in lycopene, suggesting its reliability. The best estimation for beta-carotene content was obtained by using the b* chromaticity value from whole fruit measurements or the transformed a*(2) value from puree measurements. Neither model, however, could explain more than 55% of the variation in beta-carotene content, suggesting that chromaticity values may not be appropriate for estimating tomato beta-carotene content. The overall results indicated that fruit lycopene content could be measured simply and rather accurately across a wide range of tomato genotypes using chromaticity values taken on fruit puree. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Genet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Foolad, MR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mrf5@psu.edu NR 34 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 129 IS 5 BP 717 EP 723 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 853OE UT WOS:000223836100015 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Bunce, JA AF Wang, SY Bunce, JA TI Elevated carbon dioxide affects fruit flavor in field-grown strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE CO2; sugars; organic acids; aroma compounds; Fragaria x ananassa Duch; strawberry ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; BERRY PHENOLICS; AROMA; COMPONENTS; SWEETNESS; ZUTPHEN; RISK; FOOD AB The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on fruit quality and aroma volatile composition in field-grown strawberries (Fragavia x ananassa Duch) was studied. Elevating the ambient CO2 concentration (ambient + 300, and ambient + 600 mumol mol(-1) CO2) resulted in high fruit dry matter, fructose, glucose and total sugar contents and low citric and malic acid contents. High CO2 growing conditions significantly enhanced the fruit content of ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl butanonate, hexyl acetate, hexyl hexanoate, furaneol, linalool and methyl octanoate. Thus, the total amounts of these compounds were higher in berries grown in CO2-enriched conditions than those grown in ambient conditions. The highest CO2 enrichment (600 mumol mol(-1)) condition yielded fruit with the highest levels of these aroma compounds. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1824 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 851EP UT WOS:000223668700004 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Small, BC Mischke, C AF Bosworth, BG Small, BC Mischke, C TI Effects of transport water temperature, aerator type, and oxygen level on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fillet quality SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; PRE-SLAUGHTER; MEAT QUALITY; CROWDING STRESS; HANDLING STRESS; PORK QUALITY; TURKEY; MUSCLE; GLYCOLYSIS C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00105.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 855GB UT WOS:000223960100012 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Wise, DJ Klesius, PH AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR Wise, DJ Klesius, PH TI Genetic effects for growth and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri estimated from a diallel cross among USDA-102 strain channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, and their F1 hybrid SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; WHITE C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Fish Dis & Parasite Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Bosworth, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00106.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 855GB UT WOS:000223960100013 ER PT J AU Richt, JA Lager, KM Clouser, DF Spackman, E Suarez, DL Yoon, KJ AF Richt, JA Lager, KM Clouser, DF Spackman, E Suarez, DL Yoon, KJ TI Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and differentiation of North American swine influenza viruses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; A VIRUSES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; RT-PCR; PIGS; EMERGENCE; EVOLUTION; SPECIMENS; H1N2 AB Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by type A influenza viruses. Before 1998, mainly "classical" HIN1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) were isolated from swine in the United States. Since then, antigenically distinct reassortant H3 and H1 SIVs have been identified as causative agents of respiratory disease in pigs on US farms. Improvement in SIV diagnostics is needed in light of the recently observed rapid evolution of H1 and H3 SIVs and their zoonotic potential. To address this need, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of SIVs were developed. A highly sensitive matrix (M) gene-based RT-PCR assay that is able to detect both the H1 and H3 subtypes of SIVs, with a sensitivity per reaction of approximately 2 copies of in vitro-generated M-specific negative-sense RNA molecules and approximately 0.05 TCID50 in lung lavage of experimentally SIV-infected pigs, was established. This RT-PCR assay can be performed within a few hours and showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 85% when compared with virus isolation. In addition, H1-, H3-, N1-, and N2-specific primer and probe sets were designed for use in the differentiation of different SIV subtypes. The hemagglutinin (H)- and neuraminidase (N)-specific primer and probe sets were less sensitive than the M-specific assay, although they were found to be specific for their respective viral genes and able to distinguish between their respective SIV subtypes. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SN UT WOS:000225590600001 PM 15460317 ER PT J AU Liebler-Tenorio, EM Ridpath, JF Neill, JD AF Liebler-Tenorio, EM Ridpath, JF Neill, JD TI Distribution of viral antigen and tissue lesions in persistent and acute infection with the homologous strain of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; CALVES; CATTLE; INOCULATION; ANTIBODIES AB Viral distribution and lesions were compared between calves born with persistent infection (PI) and calves acutely infected with the same bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolate. Two PI calves from 1 dairy herd were necropsied. The PI viruses from these calves were isolated, characterized by sequencing, and found to be identical. This virus strain, designated BVDV2-RS886, was characterized as a noncytopathic (ncp) type 2 BVDV. To establish acute infections, BVDV2-RS886 was used to inoculate clinically healthy, seronegative calves which were 3 weeks to 3 months old. Nine calves received 10(6)-10(7) tissue culture infective dose of BVDV2-RS886 intranasally. Four additional age-matched animals served as noninfected controls. Infected calves were necropsied at 3, 6, 9, or 13 days postinoculation (dpi). Viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in frozen sections, and lesions were evaluated in hematoxylin eosin-stained paraplast sections. In the PI calves, a wide distribution of viral antigen was found in all tissues and was not associated with lesions. In the acutely infected calves, viral antigen was widespread in lymphoid tissues at 6 dpi but had been mostly eliminated at 9 and 13 dpi. Depletion of lymphoid tissues was seen at 6, 9, and 13 dpi and repopulation at 9 and 13 dpi. In I of the calves at 13 dpi, severe arteritis was present in lymph nodes and myocardium. This comparison shows that an ncp BVDV strain that causes no lesions in PI animals is able to induce marked depletion of lymphoid tissues in calves with acute infection. Therefore, the failure to eliminate PI cattle from a herd causes problems not only in pregnant cattle but may also affect other age groups. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 388 EP 396 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SN UT WOS:000225590600004 PM 15460320 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Goff, JP AF Stabel, JR Goff, JP TI Efficacy of immunologic assays for the detection of Johne's disease in dairy cows fed additional energy during the periparturient period SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; PARTURITION; BLOOD; MILK; PREGNANCY; STRESS; HERDS AB This study was designed to evaluate if the immunosuppression typically observed during the immediate periparturient period (3 weeks before and after calving) in dairy cows influences the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for the detection of Johne's disease; and, if providing additional energy to the cows during this period would minimize any immunosuppressive effects. Twelve dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were fitted with rumen cannulas in late gestation and assigned to treatment groups: control, n = 6; or stuffed, n = 6. Cows in the control group were allowed to consume feed ad libitum. Cows assigned to the stuffed treatment group were also fed ad libitum but received additional total mixed ration by manually stuffing their rumens with refused feed to maintain a dry matter intake of 2% body weight/day before calving and 2.5% body weight/day after calving. Parturition had a significant impact on immune function with significant reductions in M. paratuberculosis-specific antibodies detected in the serum and milk regardless of treatment group. Similarly, in vitro immunoglobulin production was decreased at calving for both treatment groups. In addition, stuffing cows modulated cell-mediated immune function by reducing antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma production after calving. Shedding of M. paratuberculosis in the milk was apparent in 58% (7/12) of cows after parturition with no difference noted between control and stuffed animals. Parturition had no major effect on fecal shedding of cows regardless of treatment. These data suggest that parturition had a significant effect on immune function parameters including diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis. Furthermore, providing additional energy to cows with Johne's disease did not preclude immunosuppressive effects during the periparturient period. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 412 EP 420 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SN UT WOS:000225590600007 PM 15460323 ER PT J AU Olson, EJ Haskell, SRR Frank, RK Lehnikuhl, HD Hobbs, LA Warg, JV Landgraf, JG Wunschmann, A AF Olson, EJ Haskell, SRR Frank, RK Lehnikuhl, HD Hobbs, LA Warg, JV Landgraf, JG Wunschmann, A TI Isolation of an adenovirus and an adeno-associated virus from goat kids with enteritis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB A dairy goat operation in Minnesota experienced a sudden, markedly increased mortality among its neonatal goats. Approximately 60 of 130 kids (46%) died. The animals had diarrhea and dyspnea of 1-2 days duration before death. Necropsy of 4 goat kids revealed marked, acute, catarrhal enteritis and fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from the lungs. Basophilic inclusion bodies filling the entire nucleus were present in enterocytes of the ileum of 3 goats. Adenoviral particles were detected in the feces by electron microscopy and adenovirus was subsequently isolated from the intestinal content together with a parvo-like virus (dependovirus). Morphology, physicochemical characteristics, and neutralization tests indicated that the adenovirus resembled ovine adenovirus-2 (OAdV-2). However, the PstI restriction endonuclease pattern produced by the goat adenovirus was distinct from that of OAdV-2. This is the first report of enteritis in goats with an adenovirus antigenically related to OAdV-2 and with a parvo-like dependovirus. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olson, EJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, 1333 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 461 EP 464 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SN UT WOS:000225590600018 PM 15460334 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Carpenter, JG AF Palmer, MV Carpenter, JG TI Congenital polycystic kidney in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-DISEASE; LIVER; PROTEIN; ENCODES; GOAT; GENE AB Polycystic kidney and liver disease was seen in a stillborn white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn. Bilaterally enlarged kidneys were characterized by severe dilatation of all renal tubules. Glomeruli were sparse, small, and located within a dilated Bowman's capsule. The liver was characterized by marked periportal fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, and bile duct ectasia with dilated ducts containing inspissated bile. The presentation and morphology of this case are most similar to autosomal recessive polycystic disease in humans. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 877SN UT WOS:000225590600022 PM 15460338 ER PT J AU Schneider, WL Sherman, DJ Stone, AL Damsteegt, VD Frederick, RD AF Schneider, WL Sherman, DJ Stone, AL Damsteegt, VD Frederick, RD TI Specific detection and quantification of Plum pox virus by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Plum pox virus; real-time PCR; virus detection ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; RT-PCR; POTYVIRUS DETECTION; IMMUNOCAPTURE; ASSAY; PPV AB Plum pox virus (PPV), a destructive and economically devastating pathogen of Prunus species, was recently discovered in Pennsylvania and Canada. Current containment efforts involve eradication of infected trees based on ELISA surveys, which are laborious and less sensitive than PCR-based techniques. A real-time, fluorescent, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of PPV in the Smart Cycler (Cepheid). The methods developed are reproducible, specific to PPV, and sensitive enough to consistently detect PPV transcripts at the 10-20 fg level. The assay is more sensitive than either ELISA or traditional PCR followed by visualization with ethidium-bromide. PPV was detected from multiple hosts and from multiple Primus tissues (leaf, stem, bud, and root). A dilution series using an in vitro synthesized transcript containing the target sequence as a standard demonstrated that the assay was effective for quantitation of viral template. The real-time PCR assay is a valuable tool for PPV detection and liter quantification in field or laboratory settings. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schneider, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM wschneider@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.04.010 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 841TW UT WOS:000222955500012 PM 15234814 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Palindrome regeneration by template strand-switching mechanism at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus via the rolling-circle melting-pot replication model SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ILLEGITIMATE RECOMBINATION; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; PLASMID; PROTEIN; PIGS; GEMINIVIRUS; SEQUENCE AB Palindromic sequences (inverted repeats) flanking the origin of DNA replication with the potential of forming single-stranded stem-loop cruciform structures have been reported to be essential for replication of the circular genomes of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. In this study, mutant genomes of porcine circovirus with deletions in the origin-flanking palindrome and incapable of forming any cruciform structures invariably yielded progeny viruses containing longer and more stable palindromes. These results suggest that origin-flanking palindromes are essential for termination but not for initiation of DNA replication. Detection of template strand switching in the middle of an inverted repeat strand among the progeny viruses demonstrated that both the minus genome and a corresponding palindromic strand served as templates simultaneously during DNA biosynthesis and supports the recently proposed rolling-circle "melting-pot" replication model. The genome configuration presented by this model, a four-stranded tertiary structure, provides insights into the mechanisms of DNA replication, inverted repeat correction (or conversion), and illegitimate recombination of any circular DNA molecule with an origin-flanking palindrome. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 78 IS 17 BP 9016 EP 9029 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.17.9016-9029.2004 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 847IT UT WOS:000223386600007 PM 15308698 ER PT J AU Kash, JC Basler, CF Garcia-Sastre, A Carter, V Billharz, R Swayne, DE Przygodzki, RM Taubenberger, JK Katze, MG Tumpey, TM AF Kash, JC Basler, CF Garcia-Sastre, A Carter, V Billharz, R Swayne, DE Przygodzki, RM Taubenberger, JK Katze, MG Tumpey, TM TI Global host immune response: Pathogenesis and transcriptional profiling of type a influenza viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the 1918 pandemic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA PRODUCTION; NF-KAPPA-B; SPANISH INFLUENZA; NS1 PROTEIN; OXYGEN RADICALS; NITRIC-OXIDE; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; INFECTED MACROPHAGES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB To understand more fully the molecular events associated with highly virulent or attenuated influenza virus infections, we have studied the effects of expression of the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes during viral infection in mice under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions. Using histopathology and cDNA microarrays, we examined the consequences of expression of the HA and NA genes of the 1918 pandemic virus in a recombinant influenza A/WSN/33 virus compared to parental A/WSN/33 virus and to an attenuated virus expressing the HA and NA genes from A/New Caledonia/20/99. The 1918 HA/NA:WSN and WSN recombinant viruses were highly lethal for mice and displayed severe lung pathology in comparison to the nonlethal New Caledonia HA/NA:WSN recombinant virus. Expression microarray analysis performed on lung tissues isolated from the infected animals showed activation of many genes involved in the inflammatory response, including cytokine, apoptosis, and lymphocyte genes that were common to all three infection groups. However, consistent with the histopathology studies, the WSN and 1918 HVNA:WSN recombinant viruses showed increased up-regulation of genes associated with activated T cells and macrophages, as well as genes involved in apoptosis, tissue injury, and oxidative damage that were not observed in the New Caledonia HA/NA:WSN recombinant virus-infected mice. These studies document clear differences in gene expression profiles that were correlated with pulmonary disease pathology induced by virulent and attenuated influenza virus infections. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Mol Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Kash, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkash@u.washington.edu OI Przygodzki, Ronald/0000-0002-1238-262X; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI052106-020003, AI022646-19, AI053160-02, R01 AI050619, R03 AI053160, AI050619-02, AI053571-02, AI058113-01, R01 AI022646, P01 AI058113, R21 AI053571] NR 79 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 78 IS 17 BP 9499 EP 9511 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.17.9499-9511.2004 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 847IT UT WOS:000223386600051 PM 15308742 ER PT J AU Duque, H LaRocco, M Golde, WT Baxt, B AF Duque, H LaRocco, M Golde, WT Baxt, B TI Interactions of foot-and-mouth disease virus with soluble bovine alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(V)beta(6) integrins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-ASPARTIC ACID; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-AFFINITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; EXTRACELLULAR SEGMENT; COXSACKIEVIRUS A9; CULTURED-CELLS AB At least four members of the integrin family of receptors, alpha(V)beta(1), alpha(V)beta(3), alpha(V)beta(6), and alpha(V)beta(8), have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro. Our investigators have recently shown that the efficiency of receptor usage appears to be related to the viral serotype and may be influenced by structural differences on the viral surface (H. Duque and B. Baxt, J. Virol. 77:2500-2511, 2003). To further examine these differences, we generated soluble alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(V)beta(6) integrins. cDNA plasmids encoding the individual complete integrin alpha(V), beta(3), and beta(6) subunits were used to amplify sequences encoding the subunits' signal peptide and ectodomain, resulting in subunits lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. COS-1 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding the soluble alpha(V) subunit and either the soluble beta(3) or beta(6) subunit and labeled with [S-35] methionine-cysteine. Complete subunit heterodimeric integrins were secreted into the medium, as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation with specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. For the examination of the integrins' biological activities, stable cell lines producing the soluble integrins were generated in HEK 293A cells. In the presence of divalent cations, soluble alpha(V)beta(6) bound to representatives of type A or O viruses, immobilized on plastic dishes, and significantly inhibited viral replication, as determined by plaque reduction assays. In contrast, soluble alpha(V)beta(3) was unable to bind to immobilized virus of either serotype; however, virus bound to the immobilized integrin, suggesting that FMDV binding to alpha(V)beta(3), is a low-affinity interaction. In addition, soluble alpha(V)beta(3) did not neutralize virus infectivity. Incubation of soluble alpha(V)beta(6) with labeled type A(12) or O-1 resulted in a significant inhibition of virus adsorption to BHK cells, while soluble alpha(V)beta(3) caused a low (20 to 30%), but consistent, inhibition of virus adsorption. Virus incubated with soluble alpha(V)beta(6) had a lower sedimentation rate than native virus on sucrose density gradients, but the particles retained all of their structural proteins and still contained bound integrin and, therefore, were not exhibiting characteristics of a picornavirus A particle. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Baxt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM bbaxt@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 96 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 78 IS 18 BP 9773 EP 9781 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.18.9773-9781.2004 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 851QY UT WOS:000223701100021 PM 15331710 ER PT J AU Curro, TG Okeson, D Zimmerman, D Armstrong, DL Simmons, LG AF Curro, TG Okeson, D Zimmerman, D Armstrong, DL Simmons, LG TI Xylazine-midazolam-ketamine versus medetomidine-middazolam-ketamine anesthesia in captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Siberian tigers; Panthera tigris altaica; immobilization; medetomidine; atipamezole; blood gases; acid-base status ID CATS; COMBINATIONS; ATIPAMEZOLE; DRUGS AB Two alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agents, xylazine and medetomidine, in combination with midazolam and ketamine safely and effectively immobilized Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica). The medetomidine protocol used smaller drug volumes, and induction and recovery times were shorter. Although cardiopulmonary abnormalities were noted, none were likely to be life threatening. C1 Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, United States Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Memphis Zoo, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. RP Curro, TG (reprint author), Henry Doorly Zoo, 3701 S 10th St, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1638/03-049 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 857UH UT WOS:000224143400006 PM 15526886 ER PT J AU Moser, JC Reeve, JD Bento, JMS Della Lucia, TMC Cameron, RS Heck, NM AF Moser, JC Reeve, JD Bento, JMS Della Lucia, TMC Cameron, RS Heck, NM TI Eye size and behaviour of day- and night-flying leafcutting ant alates SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atta; leaf-cutting ants; nuptial flight; compound eye; ocelli; ommatidia ID VISUAL-SYSTEM; ATTA-TEXANA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; APOIDEA; INSECTS AB The morphology of insect eyes often seems to be shaped by evolution to match their behaviour and lifestyle. Here the relationship between the nuptial flight behaviour of 10 Atta species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the eye size of male and female alates, including the compound eyes, ommatidia facets, and ocelli were examined. These species can be divided into two distinct groups by nuptial flight behaviour: those that initiate the nuptial flight during the day and those that initiate it at night. The most striking difference between day- vs night-flying alates was in ocellus area, which was almost 50% larger in night-flying species. Night-flying species also had significantly larger ommatidia facets than day-flying species. A scaling relationship was also found between compound eye area, facet diameter, and ocellus area vs overall body size. Detailed observations are also presented on the nuptial flight behaviour of a night- vs day-flying species, A. texana and A. sexdens, respectively. The pattern in A. texana is for a single large and precisely timed nuptial flight before dawn, while flights of A. sexdens last for several hours, beginning at midday. Further observations suggest that the timing of the nuptial flight in A. texana is easily disrupted by light pollution. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Escola Super Agr Luis Dequeiroz, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Anim Biol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Int Paper Co, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. RP Reeve, JD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jreeve@zoology.siu.edu RI Bento, Jose Mauricio/A-9759-2008 OI Bento, Jose Mauricio/0000-0001-8655-5178 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 264 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1017/S0952836904005527 PN 1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 857GS UT WOS:000224105000007 ER PT J AU Willems, RA Nelson, JA AF Willems, RA Nelson, JA TI The top ten tips for completing the USDA annual report SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA, APHIS, AC, Eastern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Willems, RA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, AC, Eastern Reg Off, 920 Main Campus Dr,Ste 200, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Robert.A.Willems@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 8 BP 25 EP 25 DI 10.1038/laban0904-25 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 852AK UT WOS:000223727400006 PM 15334107 ER PT J AU He, XH Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF He, XH Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase in developing seeds of castor SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BRASSICA-NAPUS; FATTY-ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; CLONING; ENZYME; COA; OIL; GENE AB We have previously reported the cloning of castor diacylglycerol acyltransferase (RcDGAT) based on its homology to other plant type 1 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs). To elucidate the physiological role of the RcDGAT, we have investigated the regulation of RcDGAT expression in developing seeds of castor. The RcDGAT transcript appeared at 12 d after pollination (DAP), reached the highest level at 26 DAP, and declined rapidly after that. However, the RcDGAT protein started to accumulate at 26 DAP, reached its peak at 47 DAP, then remained at this high level until 54 DAP. The significant difference between the expression of mRNA and protein indicates that gene expression of RcDGAT in maturing castor seeds is controlled at the posttranscriptional level. We found that DGAT activity measured in microsomal membranes isolated from seed at different stages of development was parallel to RcDGAT protein level, suggesting DGAT activity is mainly a function of the level of RcDGAT protein. We monitored the triacylglycerol (TG) composition and content during seed development. Compared with the overall rate of TG accumulation, DGAT activity appeared coincidently with the onset of lipid accumulation at 26 DAP; the highest DGAT activity occurred during the rapid phase of lipid accumulation at 40 DAP; and a decline in DGAT activity coincided with a decline in the accumulation rate of TG after 40 DAP. The ricinoleate-containing TG content was very low (only about 7%) in oil extracted from seeds before 19 DAP; however, it increased up to about 77% of the oil at 26 DAP. The relative amount of triricinolein in oil at 26 DAP was 53 times higher than that at 19 DAP, and it was about 76% of the amount present in oil from mature castor seeds. The close correlation between profiles of RcDGAT activity and oil accumulation confirms the role of RcDGAT in castor oil biosynthesis. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1007/s11745-004-1308-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 883CZ UT WOS:000225989100006 PM 15669762 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI The alteration of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism by dietary magnesium deprivation in postmenopausal women is not affected by dietary boron deprivation. SO MAGNESIUM RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE magnesium; boron; calcium; phosphorus; potassium; cholesterol; manganese; zinc ID VITAMIN-D; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; DEPLETION; RESPONSES; REQUIREMENT; MECHANISMS; BALANCE; RATS AB A study with human volunteers was conducted to test the hypothesis that naturally occurring inadequate intakes of magnesium induce negative magnesium balance and undesirable changes in calcium metabolism variables, and that these changes are influenced by dietary boron. Diets composed of ordinary Western foods providing approximately 118 and 318 mg Mg/d and approximately 0.25 and 3.25 mg B/d were fed in a double-blind Latin square design to 13 healthy, post menopausal Caucasian women (aged 50-78 years) living in a metabolic unit. Magnesium balance, which was positive when dietary magnesium was 318 mg/d, became negative when dietary magnesium was 118 mg/d. Magnesium deprivation decreased urinary calcium excretion, and significantly increased calcium balance when balance data analyzed came from all collections during the 42-day periods. Urinary phosphorus excretion was increased, but fecal phosphorus excretion was decreased, thus phosphorus balance was not significantly affected by magnesium deprivation. Magnesium deprivation did not affect manganese or zinc balance. The balance data indicated that 700 mg of calcium, 1.0 mg of manganese, and 10 mg of zinc were adequate for post menopausal women. Magnesium deprivation increased serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and decreased serum total cholesterol concentrations. Boron deprivation increased but magnesium deprivation decreased urinary potassium excretion. Boron supplementation decreased serum 17beta-pestradiol and progesterone when dietary magnesium was low. The dietary treatments did not affect serum calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin or alkaline phosphatase concentrations. One woman placed on consecutive magnesium-low dietary periods exhibited heart ventricular ectopy after consuming the magnesium-low diet for 72 days; the ectopy disappeared upon consuming the magnesium-adequate diet. The findings indicated that consuming an ordinary diet deficient in magnesium, resulting in negative magnesium balance, can affect calcium, potassium, and cholesterol metabolism. Dietary boron did not have an obvious effect on the response to magnesium deprivation. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN LIBBEY & CO LTD PI LONDON PA 13 SMITHS YARD, SUMMERLEY ST, LONDON SW18 4HR, ENGLAND SN 0953-1424 J9 MAGNESIUM RES JI Magnes. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 874SU UT WOS:000225370900007 PM 15724868 ER PT J AU Realini, CE Duckett, SK Windham, WR AF Realini, CE Duckett, SK Windham, WR TI Effect of vitamin C addition to ground beef from grass-fed or grain-fed sources on color and lipid stability, and prediction of fatty acid composition by near-infrared reflectance analysis SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; vitamin C; fatty acids; near-infrared spectroscopy ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; ASCORBIC-ACID; QUALITY; STEERS; SUPPLEMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORIDE; PATTIES; RETAIL; MEAT AB Research was conducted to determine the effect of postmortem vitamin C addition (VITC) versus. no VITC (CONTROL) to ground beef from grass-fed (GRASS) or grain-fed (GRAIN) sources on color and lipid stability during 8 days of illuminated display at 4 degreesC. The use of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to predict the fatty acid composition of ground beef and its potential to discriminate samples from different nutritional backgrounds were also evaluated. Total lipid content of ground beef was 53% lower (P < 0.05) for GRASS than GRAIN. Ground beef from GRASS had greater (P < 0.01) percentages of saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, and lower (P < 0.01) percentages of monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids than GRAIN. For GRAIN, VITC reduced (P < 0.01) lipid oxidation, and resulted in darker (P < 0.01) and redder (P < 0.01) color of the ground beef from 2 to 8 days of display compared to CONTROL. For GRASS, lipid oxidation did not differ (P > 0.05) for VITC and CONTROL. VITC improved (P < 0.01) color stability by prolonging more red color in GRASS during 8 days of display. Results from partial least squares modeling showed accurate predictions using NIR for total saturated [standard error of performance (SEP = 1.16%), coefficient of determination on the validation set (r(2) = 0.87)] and unsaturated (SEP = 1.18% and r(2) = 0.90) fatty acid contents of ground beef, as well as the composition of stearic, oleic, and linolenic (SEP = 1.2%, 1.27%, and 0.07%; r(2) = 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively). However, the composition of other individual fatty acids was poorly predicted. VITC was effective in retarding pigment oxidation in ground beef from both GRAIN and GRASS; however, VITC reduced lipid oxidation in GRAIN samples only, despite higher PUFA percentages in GRASS. NIR can be used to predict accurately the content of total saturated and unsaturated, and stearic, oleic, and linolenic fatty acids in ground beef. NIR showed potential to discriminate meat samples originating from different feeding production systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Duckett, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, 206 Edgar L Rhodes Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sduckett@uga.edu NR 36 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.02.002 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 830TY UT WOS:000222147700004 PM 22062005 ER PT J AU Puyau, MR Adolph, AL Vohra, FA Zakeri, I Butte, NF AF Puyau, MR Adolph, AL Vohra, FA Zakeri, I Butte, NF TI Prediction of activity energy expenditure using accelerometers in children SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE motion sensors; actiwatch; actical; calorimetry; exercise; thresholds ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ACTIVITY MONITOR; CALTRAC ACCELEROMETER; COMPUTER-SCIENCE; HEART-RATE; VALIDITY; ADOLESCENTS; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION AB Purpose: To validate two accelerometer-based activity monitors as measures of children's physical activity using energy expenditure as the criterion measure. Methods: Actiwatch (AW) and Actical (AC) activity monitors were validated against continuous 4-h measurements of energy expenditure (EE) in a respiratory room calorimeter and 1-h measurements in an exercise laboratory using a portable calorimeter and treadmill in 32 children, ages 7-18 yr. The children performed structured activities including basal metabolic rate (BMR), playing Nintendo, using a computer, cleaning, aerobic exercise, ball toss, treadmill walking, and running. Equations were developed to predict activity energy expenditure (AEE = EE - BMR), and physical activity ratio (PAR - EE/BMR) from a power function of AW or AC, and age, sex, weight, and height. Thresholds were determined to categorize sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous levels of physical activity. Results: Activity counts accounted for the majority of the variability in AEE and PAR, with small contributions of age, sex, weight, and height. Overall, AW equations accounted for 76-79% and AC equations accounted for 81% of the variability in AEE and PAR. Relatively wide 95% prediction intervals suggest the accelerometers are best applied to groups rather than individuals. Sensitivities were higher for the vigorous threshold (97%) than the other thresholds (86-92%). Specificities were on the order of 66-73%. The positive predictive values for sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous categories were 80, 66, 69, and 74% for AW, respectively, and 81, 68, 72, 74% for AC, respectively. Conclusion: Both accelerometer-based activity monitors provided valid measures of children's AEE and PAR, and can be used to discriminate sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous levels of physical activity but require further development to accurately predict AEE and PAR of individuals. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu NR 22 TC 253 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1625 EP 1631 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000139898.30804.60 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 855IP UT WOS:000223967100024 PM 15354047 ER PT J AU Wilson, RA Calvo, AM Chang, PK Keller, NP AF Wilson, RA Calvo, AM Chang, PK Keller, NP TI Characterization of the Aspergillus parasiticus Delta(12)-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the Aspergillus-seed interaction SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; PEANUT GENOTYPES; AFLATOXIN; NIDULANS; CONIDIA; REGISTRATION; COLONIZATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPORULATION; DESATURASES AB In the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. To dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an A. parasiticus Delta(12)-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus impaired in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was generated. The Delta(12)-desaturase mutant demonstrates delayed spore germination, a twofold reduction in growth, a reduced level of conicliation and complete loss of sclerotial development, compared to the wild-type. Host colonization is impaired, as reflected by a decrease in conidial production on live peanut and corn seed by the mutant compared to the wild-type. Similarly, the previously isolated A. nidulans Delta(12)-desaturase mutant has reduced colonization capabilities compared to the wild-type. Therefore, desaturation mutants display a key requisite that affords a genetic solution to oilseed crop contamination by mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species: a reduction in the production of conidia, the infectious particle of the pathogenic aspergilli. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Keller, NP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM npk@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 32 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2004 VL 150 BP 2881 EP 2888 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27207-0 PN 9 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 857WV UT WOS:000224151100010 PM 15347747 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP AF Rooney, AP TI Mechanisms underlying the evolution and maintenance of functionally heterogeneous 18S rRNA genes in apicomplexans SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE birth-and-death; purifying selection; multigene family; rRNA ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; GENOME SEQUENCE; DEATH PROCESS; DETECTING RECOMBINATION; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MALARIA PARASITE AB In many species of the protist phylum Apicomplexa, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies are structurally and functionally heterogeneous, owing to distinct requirements for rRNA-expression patterns at different developmental stages. The genomic mechanisms underlying the maintenance of this system over long-term evolutionary history are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate what processes underlie the long-term evolution of apicomplexan 18S genes in representative species. The results show that these genes evolve according to a birth-and-death model under strong purifying selection, thereby explaining how divergent 18S genes are generated over time while continuing to maintain their ability to produce fully functional rRNAs. In addition, it was found that Cryptosporidium parvum undergoes a rapid form of birth-and-death evolution that may facilitate host-specific adaptation, including that of type I and II strains found in humans. This represents the first case in which an rRNA gene family has been found to evolve under the birth-and-death model. C1 USDA, ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM rooney@ncaur.usda.gov NR 57 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1704 EP 1711 DI 10.1093/molbev/msh178 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 848SE UT WOS:000223486600010 PM 15175411 ER PT J AU Suga, H Gale, LR Kistler, HC AF Suga, H Gale, LR Kistler, HC TI Development of VNTR markers for two Fusarium graminearum clade species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; Fusarium; population genetics; VNTR ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE AB Using a bioinformatics approach, we developed 10 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum useful for population genetic studies. Repeat sequences in the genome sequence of F. graminearum were identified by a tandem repeat finding program. Length polymorphisms at 54 loci were examined for five strains each from the United States, Italy and China. From these 54 loci, 10 were selected based on polymorphisms detected across species, ease of scoring, and their dispersed location in the genome. C1 Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Suga, H (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Life Sci Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. EM suga@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp NR 10 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 468 EP 470 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00703.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 850YC UT WOS:000223649300048 ER PT J AU Cooper, LD Marquez-Cedillo, L Singh, J Sturbaum, AK Zhang, S Edwards, V Johnson, K Kleinhofs, A Rangel, S Carollo, V Bregitzer, P Lemaux, PG Hayes, PM AF Cooper, LD Marquez-Cedillo, L Singh, J Sturbaum, AK Zhang, S Edwards, V Johnson, K Kleinhofs, A Rangel, S Carollo, V Bregitzer, P Lemaux, PG Hayes, PM TI Mapping Ds insertions in barley using a sequence-based approach SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE transposon tagging; barley; reverse genetics; Ac/Ds; mapping ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; FLANKING SEQUENCES; RESISTANCE GENES; FERTILE BARLEY; RICE; ELEMENTS; TOOL AB A transposon tagging system, based upon maize Ac/Ds elements, was developed in barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). The long-term objective of this project is to identify a set of lines with Lis insertions dispersed throughout the genome as a comprehensive tool for gene discovery and reverse genetics. AcTPase and Ds-bar elements were introduced into immature embryos of Golden Promise by biolistic transformation. Subsequent transposition and segregation of Lis away from AcTPase and the original site of integration resulted in new lines, each containing a stabilized Lis element in a new location. The sequence of the genomic DNA flanking the Ds elements was obtained by inverse PCR and TAIL-PCR. Using a sequence-based mapping strategy, we determined the genome locations of the Lis insertions in 19 independent lines using primarily restriction digest-based assays of PCR-amplified single nucleotide polymorphisms and PCR-based assays of insertions or deletions. The proncipal strategy was to identify and map sequence polymorphisms in the regions corresponding to the flanking DNA using the Oregon Wolfe Barley mapping population. The mapping results obtained by the sequence-based approach were confirmed by RFLP analyses in four of the lines. In addition, cloned DNA sequences corresponding to the flanking DNA were used to assign map locations to Morex-derived genomic BAC library inserts, thus integrating genetic and physical maps of barley. BLAST search results indicate that the majority of the transposed Ds elements are found within predicted or known coding sequences. Transposon tagging in barley using Ac/Ds thus promises to provide a useful tool for studies on the functional genomics of the Triticeae. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Patrick.M.Hayes@oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 272 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s00438-004-1035-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 862YP UT WOS:000224527700007 PM 15449176 ER PT J AU Humpf, HU Voss, KA AF Humpf, HU Voss, KA TI Effects of thermal food processing on the chemical structure and toxicity of fumonisin mycotoxins SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE corn; fumonisin mycotoxins; liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry; review; thermal food processing ID MONILIFORME CULTURE MATERIAL; CORN-BASED FOODS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; HYDROLYZED FUMONISIN; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; CONTAMINATED CORN; RAT-LIVER AB Fumonisins are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur in corn and corn-based foods. They are toxic to animals and at least one analogue, famonisin B-1, is carcinogenic to rodents. Their effect on human health is unclear, however, fumonisins are considered to be risk factors for cancer and possibly neural tube defects in some heavily exposed populations. It is therefore important to minimize exposures in these populations. Cleaning corn to remove damaged or moldy kernels reduces fumonisins in foods while milling increases their concentration in some and reduces their concentration in other products. Fumonisins are water-soluble and nixtamalization (cooking in alkaline water) lowers the fumonisin content of food products if the cooking liquid is discarded. Baking, frying, and extrusion cooking of corn at high temperatures ( greater than or equal to190 degreesC) also reduces fumonisin concentrations in foods, with the amount of reduction achieved depending on cooking time, temperature, recipe, and other factors. However, the chemical fate of fumonisins in baked, fried, and extruded foods is not well understood and it is not known if the reduced concentrations result from thermal decomposition of fumonisins or from their binding to proteins, sugars or other compounds in food matrices. These possibilities might or might not be beneficial depending upon the bioavailability and inherent toxicity of decomposition products or the degree to which bound fumonisins are released in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review the affects of cooking and processing on the concentration and chemical structure of fumonisins as well as the toxicological consequences of known and likely fumonisin reaction products are discussed. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Lebensmittelchem, D-48149 Munster, Germany. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Lebensmittelchem, Corrensstr 45, D-48149 Munster, Germany. EM KVoss@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 115 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200400033 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 872MI UT WOS:000225210900004 PM 15497177 ER PT J AU Cole, AB Kiraly, R Lane, LC Wiggins, BE Ross, K Schoelz, JE AF Cole, AB Kiraly, R Lane, LC Wiggins, BE Ross, K Schoelz, JE TI Temporal expression of PR-1 and enhanced mature plant resistance to virus infection is controlled by a single dominant gene in a new Nicotiana hybrid SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; N-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID SIGNAL; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE AB A new variety of Nicotiana edwardsonii, designated N. edwardsonii cv. Columbia, expresses pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in a temporal manner 45 to 49 days postplanting and also exhibits enhanced resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobacco necrosis virus, and Tomato bushy stunt virus. In contrast, PR proteins were not expressed in the original N. edwardsonii variety at comparable ages but were induced after onset of a hypersensitive response to viral infection. The temporal induction of PR proteins in 'Columbia' was correlated with increases in salicylic acid and glycosylated salicylic acid. Earlier studies noted that some Nicotiana hybrids derived from interspecific crosses constitutively express PR proteins, but the genetic basis of this phenomenon had not been investigated, likely because many interspecific Nicotiana crosses are sterile. However, the close genetic relationship between N. edwardsonii and 'Columbia' indicated that a hybrid between these two plants might be fertile, and this proved to be true. Genetic crosses between 'Columbia' and N. edwardsonii demonstrated that a single, dominant gene conditioned temporal expression of PR proteins and enhanced resistance. This gene was designated TPR1 (for temporal expression of PR proteins). C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schoelz, JE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM schoelzj@missouri.edu NR 56 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 9 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.9.976 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 846KG UT WOS:000223313800005 PM 15384488 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Perna, NT Cooksey, DA Okinaka, Y Lindow, SE Ibekwe, AM Keen, NT Yang, CH AF Yang, SH Perna, NT Cooksey, DA Okinaka, Y Lindow, SE Ibekwe, AM Keen, NT Yang, CH TI Genome-wide identification of plant-upregulated genes of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 using a GFP-Based IVET leaf array SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; phosphotransferase system; transport of oligogalacturonides; type III secretion system ID ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI 3937/; SOFT-ROT PATHOGENESIS; PV. TOMATO DC3000; INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; IN-VIVO; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE GENES; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; CHEMOTACTIC MOTILITY AB A green fluorescent protein-based in vivo expression technology leaf array was used to identify genes in Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 that were specifically upregulated in plants compared with growth in a laboratory culture medium. Of 10,000 E. chrysanthemi 3937 clones, 61 were confirmed as plant upregulated. On the basis of sequence similarity, these were recognized with probable functions in metabolism (20%), information transfer (15%), regulation (11%), transport (11%), cell processes (11%), and transposases (2%); the function for the remainder (30%) is unknown. Upregulated genes included transcriptional regulators, iron uptake systems, chemotaxis components, transporters, stress response genes, and several already known or new putative-virulence factors. Ten independent mutants were constructed by insertions in these plant upregulated genes and flanking genes. Two different virulence assays, local leaf maceration and systemic invasion in African violet, were used to evaluate these mutants. Among these, mutants of a purM homolog from Escherichia coli (purM::Tn5), and hrpB, hrcJ, and a hrpD homologs from the Erwinia carotovorum hrpA operon (hrpB::Tn5, hrcJ::Tn5, and hrpD::Tn5) exhibited reduced abilities to produce local and systemic maceration of the plant host. Mutants of rhiT from E. chrysanthemi (rhiT:: Tn5), and an eutR homolog from Salmonella typhimarium (eutR::Tn5) showed decreased ability to cause systemic invasion on African violet. However, compared with the wildtype E. chrysanthemi 3937, these mutants exhibited no significant differences in local leaf maceration. The phenotype of hrpB::Tn5, hrcC::Tn5, and hrpD::Tn5 mutants further confirmed our previous findings that hrp genes are crucial virulence determinants in E. chrysanthemi 3937. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398528, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM chyang@uwn.edu RI YANG, SHIHUI/A-6526-2008 OI YANG, SHIHUI/0000-0002-9394-9148 NR 68 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 9 BP 999 EP 1008 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.9.999 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 846KG UT WOS:000223313800007 PM 15384490 ER PT J AU McAlpin, CE AF McAlpin, CE TI Synnema and sclerotium production in Aspergillus caelatus and the influence of substrate composition on their development in selected strains SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE amino acids; C : N ratio; carbohydrates; development; morphology; Stilbothamnium ID SECTION FLAVI; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ROLFSII; GROWTH; SEQUENCES; REGIONS; STATES AB The ability of Aspergillus caelatus, a species in Aspergillus section Flavi, to produce synnemata and sclerotia was investigated. Forty-eight isolates of A. caelatus differed widely in their production of synnemata and sclerotia; 83% of the isolates produced varying numbers of synnemata and sclerotia, and 17% produced neither sclerotia nor synnemata. Most strains produced synnemata and mostly sessile and few stipitate sclerotia on the same Czapek agar (CZA) plate. Two strains of A. caelatus were selected for further study because of the contrasting morphology of their synnemata and sclerotia. Those strains are NRRL 25528, the type species and a representative of the synnema- and black sclerotium-forming isolates, and NRRL 26119, considered an atypical strain that produced numerous synnemata and few slightly melanized or tan sclerotia. The induction and maturation of sclerotia in A. caelatus were affected greatly by the type of media as well as the kind and concentration of the carbon and nitrogen sources. CZA induced synnema and sclerotium production in both strains, whereas other media did not. Production of abundant synnemata and sclerotia also occurred when the carbon source in CZA is replaced with dextrose, xylose, cellobiose, melibiose and trehalose. CZA amended with serine, threonine, KNO(3) and NaNO(3) induced the production of numerous sclerotia and synnemata. For both strains, the optimal levels of sucrose and NaNO(3) for maximum production of synnemata or sclerotia were 3 and 0.9%, respectively. The production of synnemata and stipitate/sessile sclerotia by several wild-type strains of A. caelatus further substantiates previous suggestions for an evolutionary link between Aspergillus section Flavi and synnematal species A. togoensis, which also produces stipitate sclerotia. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McAlpin, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mcalpice@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 937 EP 947 DI 10.2307/3762077 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 865UT UT WOS:000224729900001 PM 21148914 ER PT J AU Nagahashi, G Douds, DD AF Nagahashi, G Douds, DD TI Synergism between blue light and root exudate compounds and evidence for a second messenger in the hyphal branching response of Gigaspora gigantea SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; blue light; chemical signals; exudate; hyphal branching; photomimetic compounds; second messenger; synergism ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GROWTH; MORPHOGENESIS; PENETRATION; SOIL AB Light and chemical components of the host root exudate can induce hyphal growth and branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Compounds that induce the same morphogenetic or biochemical response as light are referred to as photomimetic compounds (PCs). This is the first report of a synergistic response by Gigaspora gigantea, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, to blue light and naturally occurring photomimetic compounds isolated from the exudate of host roots. The blue light treatment and exposure to photomimetic compounds were effective whether applied sequentially or simultaneously. The number of hyphal branches induced by blue light and photomimetic compounds together was greater than the sum of the branches generated by each separate treatment, and the synergism was greatest at the higher levels or orders of branches. The fact that blue light and PCs, individually, triggered the same hyphal branching response and when given together, they produced a synergistic response, indicated the activation of a second messenger in the induced-branching process. Delaying the application of PCs, after the initial light exposure, showed the second messenger was stable up to 3 h. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nagahashi, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gnagahashi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 948 EP 954 DI 10.2307/3762078 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 865UT UT WOS:000224729900002 PM 21148915 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE Richardson, EA Bacon, CW AF Glenn, AE Richardson, EA Bacon, CW TI Genetic and morphological characterization of a Fusarium verticillioides conidiation mutant SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conidia; conidium ontogeny; Fusarium moniliforme; hyphomycetes; meiosis; microconidia; microscopy; mitosis; phialide; SEM; TEM ID FUMONISIN B-1; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; MONILIFORME; CORN; MAIZE; INFECTION; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CARCINOGENICITY AB Enteroblastic phialidic conidiation by the corn pathogen Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) produces abundant, mostly single-celled microconidia in distinctive long chains. Because conidia might be critical for establishing in planta associations, we characterized a spontaneous E verticillioides conidiation mutant in which phialides were incapable of enteroblastic conidiogenesis. Instead of producing a conidium, the phialide apex developed a determinate, slightly undulating, germ tube-like outgrowth, in which nuclei rarely were seen. Electron microscopy showed that the apical outgrowth possessed a thick, rough, highly fibrillar outer wall layer that was continuous with the thinner and smoother outer wall layer of the phialide. Both the inner wall layer and plasma membrane also were continuous between the apical outgrowth and phialide. The apical neck region of mutant phialides lacked both a thickened inner wall layer and a wall-building zone, which were critical for conidium initial formation. No indication of septum formation or separation of the apical outgrowth from mutant phialides was observed. These aberrations suggested the apical outgrowth was not a functional conidium of altered morphology. The mutation did not prevent perithecium development and ascosporogenesis. Genetic analyses indicated that a single locus, designated FPH1 (frustrated phialide), was responsible for the mutation. The conidiogenesis mutants were recovered only during certain sexual crosses involving wild-type conidiating parents, and then only in some perithecia, suggesting that mutation of FPH1 might be meiotically induced, perhaps due to mispairing between homologous chromosomes and deletion of the gene from a chromosome. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Glenn, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM aglenn@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 968 EP 980 DI 10.2307/3762081 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 865UT UT WOS:000224729900005 PM 21148918 ER PT J AU Delalibera, I Hajek, AE Humber, RA AF Delalibera, I Hajek, AE Humber, RA TI Neozygites tanajoae sp nov., a pathogen of the cassava green mite SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomophthorales; Mononychellus tanajoa; Neozygites floridana; Tetranychus urlicae; zygomycetes ID NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; CF FLORIDANA; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; TETRANYCHIDAE; ACARI; INFECTION; RDNA AB The fungal pathogen Neozygites tanajoae Delalibera Jr., Humber & Hajek sp. nov. (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) is being used in Africa as a biological control agent against the introduced cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae). This fungus is specific to CGM and has been referred to as N. floridana (Weiser & Muma) Remand. & Keller, a common pathogen of many tetranychid mites. In the present study N. tanajoae is investigated at the morphological and molecular levels and physiological attributes of N. tanajoae and N. floridana are compared. Morphological observations of N. tanqjoae isolates generally correspond to N. floridana and to other mite pathogenic species of Neozygites. However, this fungus readily can be distinguished from N. floridana based on 18S rDNA sequences, host ranges, nutritional requirements for growth in vitro, tolerances to cold (4 C) and abilities to withstand specific cryopreservation techniques. N. tanajoae isolates from Brazil and Africa have identical 18S rDNA sequences but they presented 5.7 and 9.94% pairwise distance from N. floridana isolates. N. tanajoae proved to differ sufficiently from other mite-pathogenic fungi referred to as N. floridana to justify the description of a new species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Delalibera, I (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM delalibe@entomology.wisc.edu RI Delalibera Jr., Italo/D-6186-2012 OI Delalibera Jr., Italo/0000-0001-9770-9216 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1009 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 865UT UT WOS:000224729900008 PM 21148921 ER PT J AU Nagahashi, G Douds, DD AF Nagahashi, G Douds, DD TI Isolated root caps, border cells, and mucilage from host roots stimulate hyphal branching of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora gigantea SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RHIZOSPHERE; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; MARGARITA; SIGNALS; CLOVER; PLANTS; PEA AB Unlike previous reports that have shown that water soluble and volatile compounds from roots or root exudates play an important role in precolonization events during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus-host root interactions (Becard & Piche 1989, Giovannetti et al. 1993), the results shown here deal with particulate and viscous fractions isolated from host roots. Root caps and a slow sedimenting particulate fraction (SSPF) were rapidly isolated and separated from Ri T-DNA transformed carrot roots (D. carota) grown in liquid culture. In addition, border cells (BC) and mucilage were isolated from aseptically grown corn seedlings (Zea mays). Root caps, SSPF (composed mainly of small root cap fragments and some BCs), BCs, and mucilage all had an associated AM fungus hyphal branching stimulator. Root caps stored for 5 d at 4 degreesC appeared to either synthesize or slowly release the branching stimulator. Also, isolated root caps from roots grown in the absence of P contained more branch stimulating activity than those isolated from roots grown in the presence of P. Although the branching stimulation activity in particulate fractions was low compared to that of the exudate, the particulate fractions can stick to the root surface at considerable distances from the root tip. This may be significant during the infection and colonization of host roots at sites far removed from the primary location of exudation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nagahashi, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gnagahashi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 108 BP 1079 EP 1088 DI 10.1017/S0953756204000693 PN 9 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 866SW UT WOS:000224794500008 PM 15506019 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RL Holler, JI Taylor, JP AF Schroeder, RL Holler, JI Taylor, JP TI Managing national wildlife refuges for historic or non-historic conditions: Determining the role of the refuge in the ecosystem SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health in the National Wildlife Refuges CY MAR, 2004 CL Bloomington, IN ID RIO-GRANDE; COMMUNITIES; MEXICO; BOSQUE AB The 1997 Refuge Improvement Act mandates that National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) develop Comprehensive Conservation Plans and that the Refuge System be administered in a manner that ensures the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the System are maintained. Refuges must determine their role in the landscape and decide if refuge lands will be managed for historic or non-historic conditions. This decision should be based on an understanding of the Refuge Purpose and supported by available science. Case studies for Sherburne NWR and Bosque del Apache NWR illustrate two possible approaches to determining future management. C1 US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sherburne Natl Wildlife Refuge, Zimmerman, MN 55398 USA. RP Schroeder, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Rick_Schroeder@usgs.gov; Jeanne_Holler@fws.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1210 PG 26 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 918QM UT WOS:000228562700012 ER PT J AU Handler, AM Zimowska, GJ Horn, C AF Handler, AM Zimowska, GJ Horn, C TI Post-integration stabilization of a transposon vector by terminal sequence deletion in Drosophila melanogaster SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE TRANSFORMATION; ELEMENTS; PROGRAMS; PIGGYBAC; INSECTS; REQUIREMENTS; TRANSGENESIS; ARTHROPODS; STABILITY AB Germline transformation systems for nearly 20 insect species have been derived from transposable elements, allowing the development of transgenic insects for basic and applied studies(1-3). These systems use a defective nonautonomous vector that results in stable vector integrations after the disappearance of transiently provided transposase helper plasmid(4), which is essential to maintain true breeding lines and consistent transgene expression that would otherwise be lost after vector remobilization. The risk of remobilization by an unintended transposase source has so far not been a concern for laboratory studies, but the prospective use of millions of transgenic insects in biocontrol programs will likely increase the risk, therefore making this a critical issue for the ecological safety of field release programs(5,6). Here we describe an efficient method that deletes a terminal repeat sequence of a transposon vector after genomic integration. This procedure prevents transposase-mediated remobilization of the other terminal sequence and associated genes, ensuring their genomic stability. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM handler@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 27 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1150 EP 1154 DI 10.1038/nbt1002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 850ZR UT WOS:000223653400035 PM 15300258 ER PT J AU Angeles, G Bond, B Boyer, JS Brodribb, T Brooks, JR Burns, MJ Cavender-Bares, J Clearwater, M Cochard, H Comstock, J Davis, SD Domec, JC Donovan, L Ewers, F Gartner, B Hacke, U Hinckley, T Holbrook, NM Jones, HG Kavanagh, K Law, B Lopez-Portillo, J Lovisolo, C Martin, T Martinez-Vilalta, J Mayr, S Meinzer, FC Melcher, P Mencuccini, M Mulkey, S Nardini, A Neufeld, HS Passioura, J Pockman, WT Pratt, RB Rambal, S Richter, H Sack, L Salleo, S Schubert, A Schulte, P Sparks, JP Sperry, J Teskey, R Tyree, M AF Angeles, G Bond, B Boyer, JS Brodribb, T Brooks, JR Burns, MJ Cavender-Bares, J Clearwater, M Cochard, H Comstock, J Davis, SD Domec, JC Donovan, L Ewers, F Gartner, B Hacke, U Hinckley, T Holbrook, NM Jones, HG Kavanagh, K Law, B Lopez-Portillo, J Lovisolo, C Martin, T Martinez-Vilalta, J Mayr, S Meinzer, FC Melcher, P Mencuccini, M Mulkey, S Nardini, A Neufeld, HS Passioura, J Pockman, WT Pratt, RB Rambal, S Richter, H Sack, L Salleo, S Schubert, A Schulte, P Sparks, JP Sperry, J Teskey, R Tyree, M TI The Cohesion-Tension theory SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Letter DE cohesion-tension theory; Tansley reviews; long-distance transport; water transport; xylem ID NEGATIVE XYLEM PRESSURES; SCHOLANDER ASSUMPTION; WATER ASCENT; SAP ASCENT; PLANTS; CHAMBER; LEAVES; CONTROVERSIES; TREES C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. HortRes, Auckland, New Zealand. INRA, Clermont Ferrand, France. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Pepperdine Univ, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. US Forest Serv, Portland, OR USA. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CNRS, Montpellier, France. Univ Vienna, Inst Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Burlington, VT USA. RP Brooks, JR (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov RI Burns, Michael/D-2939-2011; Passioura, John/B-6908-2011; Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008; Mencuccini, Maurizio/B-9052-2011; Jones, Hamlyn/F-8014-2011; Nardini, Andrea/C-6525-2009; Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010; Brodribb, Tim/C-6797-2013; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine/K-5716-2013; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi/D-3385-2014; Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Hacke, Uwe/M-7719-2015; Lovisolo, Claudio/A-6610-2010; Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016; Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Lopez Portillo, Jorge/L-2492-2014; OI Burns, Michael/0000-0001-9804-405X; Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202; Mencuccini, Maurizio/0000-0003-0840-1477; Jones, Hamlyn/0000-0002-3049-3163; Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044; Brodribb, Tim/0000-0002-4964-6107; Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi/0000-0002-2332-7298; Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Clearwater, Michael/0000-0002-8563-0671; Hacke, Uwe/0000-0001-5983-3582; Lovisolo, Claudio/0000-0001-8825-2904; Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666; Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Lopez Portillo, Jorge/0000-0002-6827-3297; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 11 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 163 IS 3 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 843DS UT WOS:000223056600003 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD Bucking, H Schwartz, DP Shachar-Hill, Y AF Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD Bucking, H Schwartz, DP Shachar-Hill, Y TI The fungus does not transfer carbon to or between roots in an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; carbon translocation; GCMS; Glomus intraradices; NMR; Ri T-DNA carrot (Daucus carota) roots ID GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; MONOXENIC CULTURE; SPORE PRODUCTION; SINK STRENGTH; PLANTS; METABOLISM; SYSTEM; TRANSPORT; MYCELIUM; NETWORK AB Carbon transfer from fungus to plant in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been reported, but its significance and even its existence have been called into question and the issue remains controversial. We investigated carbon movement from fungus to plant and from one mycorrhizal root system to another via a common AM fungal network in monoxenic cultures to avoid limitations of some previous studies. C-13 and C-14 labeled substrates were supplied to functioning in vitro AM mycorrhizas between Ri T-DNA transformed carrot (Daucus carota) roots and Glomus intraradices to follow carbon movement into and between host and fungal metabolite pools. Fungal triacylglycerol and trehalose were labeled when permeant substrates were supplied to the extraradical mycelium (ERM), but host-specific compounds in the roots did not become labeled. When labeled glucose was provided to a donor root system, label moved to recipient roots via a common AM fungal network but remained in fungal compounds. We conclude that carbon flow in the AM symbiosis is normally unidirectional from plant to fungus and that while carbon is translocated by the fungus from one metabolically active root system to another, it remains within the intraradical mycelium (IRM). C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM yairhill@msu.edu RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 38 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 163 IS 3 BP 617 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01152.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 843DS UT WOS:000223056600019 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Sendak, PE AF Luppold, WG Sendak, PE TI Analysis of the interaction between timber markets and the forest resources of Maine SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest sustainability; spruce-fir; hardwood substitution AB The abundant timber resources of Maine are critical to the State's timber economy; thus, when the 1995 forest inventory indicated a 20% decline in softwood growing stock, there was great concern by industry and government. Furthermore, declining near-term softwood growing stock levels were forecast. To better understand what was occurring in Maine's forest, we examined changes in composition and evaluated the relative impacts of harvesting versus growth and mortality. Much of the decline in spruce-fir inventory can be attributed to the budworm infestation of the 1970s and 1980s, although continued high utilization contributed to the decline. The high rate of softwood utilization was facilitated by low softwood timber prices due to increased supply from salvage cutting and high prices for softwood dimension lumber. The high price of dimension lumber also allowed the adoption of sawmill technology in Canada and Maine that used small-diameter logs, formerly consumed by the pulp industry, for lumber production. The increased demand for spruce-fir roundwood occurred during a period when changes in paper demand and pulping technology increased the demand for hardwood pulpwood. Unlike spruce-fir and hemlock, hardwood growing-stock volumes have increased steadily due to low utilization, high growth, and low mortality. Ample inventories of hardwoods have allowed increased volumes of these species to be used in the manufacture of pulp and engineered wood products. A recent partial forest survey of Maine indicated that spruce-fir growing stock inventory has stabilized as a result of regeneration of these species that began after the last spruce budworm infestation. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857JL UT WOS:000224112400003 ER PT J AU Webb, RE White, GB Sukontarak, T Podgwaite, JD Schumacher, D Schumacher, D Diss, A Reardon, RC AF Webb, RE White, GB Sukontarak, T Podgwaite, JD Schumacher, D Schumacher, D Diss, A Reardon, RC TI Biological efficacy of Gypchek against a low-density leading-edge gypsy moth population SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Gypchek; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; forest pest; Slow the Spread ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AERIALLY-APPLIED GYPCHEK; LYMANTRIIDAE POPULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA AB The USDA's Slow-the-Spread (STS) program seeks to retard the continued spread of the gypsy moth using ecologically desirable treatments such as Gypchek. At "trace" population levels, evaluation of treatment success by defoliation reduction, egg mass reduction, burlap counts, or larval collection is not feasible. We adapted the "bugs-in-bags " technique to evaluate an operational application of Gypchek against trace populations of gypsy moths in Wisconsin, an STS area. Late first- or early second-instar gypsy moth larvae were placed, 1 per bag or 10 per bag, in sleeve cages placed over treated foliage one hour posttreatment. Mortality observed for larvae placed 10 per bag was equivalent to that recorded for larvae placed 1 per bag, and both should approximate the mortality occurring to the larvae scattered in nature. A single application of Gypchek applied in 9.5 liters of Carrier 038 at 10(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectacre was found to induce a higher rate of infection in blocks treated in the early morning than in blocks treated later in the morning, correlating significantly with a lowering of relative humidity and an increase in temperature and wind speed. Recorded levels of efficacy (24-67%) did not meet quarantine objectives; however, Gypchek, which kills only the gypsy moth, remains a product of choice by many land managers for use in certain environmentally sensitive areas. These results provide such land managers with a realistic assessment of the level of efficacy that can be expected from this formulation of Gypchek used at the currently recommended dose. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Div Agr Resource Management, Madison, WI 53708 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM webbr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 144 EP 149 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857JL UT WOS:000224112400004 ER PT J AU Owen, SF Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM Menzel, JM Chapman, BR Wood, PB Miller, KV AF Owen, SF Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM Menzel, JM Chapman, BR Wood, PB Miller, KV TI Bat activity in harvested and intact forest stands in the allegheny mountains SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Anabat; Appalachians; bat activity; riparian forests; timber harvest ID LONG-EARED BAT; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; MYOTIS-SODALIS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; BIG BROWN AB We used Anabat acoustical monitoring devices to examine bat activity in intact canopy forests, complex canopy forests with gaps, forests subjected to diameter-limit harvests, recent deferment harvests, clearcuts and unmanaged forested riparian areas in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia in the summer of 1999. We detected eight species of bats, including the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). Most bat activity was concentrated in forested riparian areas. Among upland habitats, activity of silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) was higher in open, less cluttered vegetative types such as recent deferment harvests and clearcuts. Our results suggest that bat species in the central Appalachians partially segregate themselves among vegetative conditions based on differences in body morphology and echolocation call characteristics. From the standpoint of conserving bat foraging habitat for the maximum number of species in the central Appalachians, special emphasis should be placed on protecting forested riparian areas. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. W Virginia Univ, USGS Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Owen, SF (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857JL UT WOS:000224112400006 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, WB TI Diameter growth in even- and uneven-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire under partial cutting SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE northern hardwoods; diameter growth; uneven-aged management ID NEW-ENGLAND; CONVERSION AB One important concern in the conversion of even-aged stands to an uneven-aged condition through individual-tree or small-group cutting is the growth response throughout the diameter-class distribution, especially of the understory trees. Increment-core sampling of an older, uneven-aged northern hardwood stand in New Hampshire under management for about 50 years established the baseline diameter-growth responses of the sapling, pole, and sawtimber strata. Growth responses of the poletimber and sawtimber in a 70-year-old even-aged stand were comparable to the uneven-aged stand after an initial partial cutting treatment; growth of the understory began approaching comparable rates after the second entry about 25 years after the first cut. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 857JL UT WOS:000224112400007 ER PT J AU Peck, R Niwa, CG AF Peck, R Niwa, CG TI Longer-term effects of selective thinning on carabid beetles and spiders in the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CONIFEROUS FOREST; LITTER; COLEOPTERA; PREDATION; ARANEAE; DECOMPOSITION; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; MANIPULATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Within late-successional forests of the Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon, abundances of carabid beetles (Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) from pitfall traps were compared between stands thinned 16-41 years prior and nearby unthinned stands. Species richness of both taxa were moderate for coniferous forests of this region, with 12 carabid beetle species and >120 spider species collected. No differences in total abundance or species richness were found between stand types for carabid beetles, although abundances of four of the six most common species differed significantly. Pterostichus setosus, the most abundant species collected, was significantly more abundant in unthinned stands, while Omus cazieri, P. lama, and Carabus taedatus were more numerous in thinned stands. In contrast, both total spider abundance and species richness were significantly higher in thinned stands. Hunting spiders within the families Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae, and the funnel web-building Dictynidae were captured more often in thinned stands while sheet web spiders within Linyphiidae and Hahniidae were more abundant in unthinned stands. The forest floor within unthinned stands was structurally more diverse than in thinned stands, but this did not lead to greater overall abundance or diversity of either carabid beetles or spiders. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peck, R (reprint author), USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn,POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Kilauea, HI 96718 USA. EM Robert_Peck@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900001 ER PT J AU Zurstadt, CF Stephan, K AF Zurstadt, CF Stephan, K TI Seasonal migration of westslope cutthroat trout in the middle fork salmon river drainage, Idaho SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; MOVEMENTS; ALBERTA AB Additional information about the migratory behavior of westslope cutthroat trout may aid managers in making decisions regarding the long term conservation of the species. From September 2000 to September 2001, we used radio telemetry to track the movement of 30 adult westslope cutthroat trout that were collected from Bear Valley Creek a tributary to the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho. Downstream movement of the tagged fish began soon after they were released in late September and continued through December. By 22 February, the tagged fished were spread over more than 150 km of habitat, from Bear Valley Creek to the Salmon River. Fish movement diminished as temperatures stabilized during the coldest months of the winter. Upstream movement of the tagged fish began in March as water temperature and discharge increased and peaked in May. As of 30 May, 2 of the 8 fish that were in likely spawning and rearing areas were in tributaries that were downstream of the locations of capture. The longest total movement for a fish was 475 km. The longest downstream movement was 194 km. Of the fish that survived through March, the shortest downstream movement was 9 km. Our results suggest that westlsope cutthroat trout in the study area have a wide winter habitat range and lack strong spring and summer habitat site fidelity. Our results also provide additional evidence that, when not constrained by barriers such as dams or impassable culverts, westslope cutthroat trout may migrate over long distances, and exhibit plasticity in seasonal habitat use. Conservation plans should account for the diversity in westslope cutthroat trout migratory behavior. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, McCall, ID 83638 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Zurstadt, CF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, McCall Ranger Dist,POB 1026, McCall, ID 83638 USA. EM czurstadt@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900002 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Zabel, CJ AF Forsman, ED Anthony, RG Zabel, CJ TI Distribution and abundance of red tree voles in Oregon based on occurrence in pellets of northern spotted owls SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENACOMYS-LONGICAUDUS; HABITAT; DIETS AB Red tree voles are one of the least understood small mammals in the Pacific Northwest, because they live in the forest canopy and are difficult to sample using conventional trapping methods. We examined the distribution and relative abundance of tree voles in different regions of Oregon based on their occurrence in diets of northern spotted owls. We identified the skeletal remains of 2,954 red tree voles in regurgitated pellets collected from 1,118 different spotted owl territories. Tree voles were found in the diet at 486 territories. They were most common in the diet in the central and south coastal regions, where average owl diets included 13% and 18% tree voles. They were absent from owl diets on the east slope of the Cascades and in most of the area east of Grants Pass and south of the Rogue River. Our data were sparse from the northern Coast Ranges and northern Cascades, but suggested comparatively low numbers of voles in those regions. The proportion of tree voles in the diet was negatively correlated with elevation in the Cascades, where tree voles were common in the diet at elevations < 975 m, and rare in the diet at elevations > 1,220 m. The highest elevations at which tree voles were detected in owl diets were 1,324 m in the Cascades and 1,390 m in the Klamath Mountains. On average, we estimated that nesting pairs of spotted owls captured 54 tree votes per year in western Oregon, but there was large variation among and within regions. Although our data indicate that tree voles are widespread in Oregon, and fairly common in some regions, it is likely that tree vole populations have declined in areas where logging, fire, and human development have produced landscapes dominated by young forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 294 EP 302 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900004 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JA Squires, JR AF Kolbe, JA Squires, JR TI Long distance movement by a coyote within the Rocky Mountains SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ALBERTA AB We documented along distance movement of a juvenile male coyote (Canis latrans) between February 2002 and February 2003. The radiocollared coyote, last located in west central Montana, U.S.A, traveled greater than or equal to310 km to southwestern Alberta, Canada, where it was trapped. This is the longest documented movement by a coyote in western North America. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Kolbe, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jaykolbe@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897OG UT WOS:000227013900010 ER PT J AU Tamura, T Turnlund, JR AF Tamura, T Turnlund, JR TI Effect of long-term, high-copper intake on the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and B vitamins in young men SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper; folate; homocysteine; methionine synthase; humans ID HEMODIALYSIS; FOLATE AB OBJECTIVE:. We evaluated the effect of a long-term, high-copper intake on plasma total homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentrations in humans. METHODS: Nine healthy young men were confined in a metabolic research unit for 18 d and fed 3-d rotation diets supplying an average of 1.6 mg of copper per day followed by 129 d of free-living conditions when they received 7 mg of copper per day in addition to their usual diets. The subjects returned to the metabolic research unit for the second 18-d period and were given the same diets as during the first 18 d with the exception that the copper intake was 7.8 mg/d. There was no apparent biochemical indication that the subjects were deficient in copper before the large-dose copper intake. Blood samples were obtained at the end of the first and second 18-d periods at the metabolic research unit, and plasma concentrations of total homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate were measured. RESULTS: The long-term, high-copper intake resulted in small but significant decreases in plasma concentrations, of total homocysteine and folate. There was no effect of the high-copper intake on plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be explained. by our previous observation in rats suggesting that methionine synthase is copper dependent and that the metabolism of homocysteine and folate is regulated in part by copper nutriture. It may be necessary to consider copper nutriture for the interpretation of plasma concentrations of total homocysteine in humans. (C) Elsevier Inc. 2004. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA USA. RP Tamura, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, 455 Webb Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM tamurat@uab.edu NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 9 BP 757 EP 759 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.011 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849LH UT WOS:000223539600006 PM 15325682 ER PT J AU Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Solomons, NW AF Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Solomons, NW TI Rigid adherence to the dietary intake recommendations of selected food guideline emblems would not lead to simultaneous compliance with the tenets of the revised 2000 American Heart Association Dietary Guidelines SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE food guide pyramid; dietary guidelines; American Heart Association; cardiovascular disease; preventive health; behavior change ID PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; NUTRITION AB A total of 13 national and 25 variant dietary guideline emblems, among 58 examined, were found to provide quantitative behavioral recommendations regarding the consumption of foods or food groups. Of the 12 specific recommendations of the 2000 Revised Dietary Guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA), seven were related to specific dietary practices that occur in one or another emblem. To determine how well a strict adherence to the tenets of a quantitative emblem would simultaneously advance the AHA behavioral agenda, an exercise for the classification rating of the selected emblems was conducted. The number of AHA specific recommendations incorporated into the emblems ranged from 1/7 to 6/7, with a median of 2/7. The two AHA recommendation s that were most often embodied in emblems were compliance with variety of fruits/vegetables (95%) and variety of grain products (87%). Clear guidance for five of the A14A Dietary Guidelines cannot be found in the emblems. Although dietary guideline emblems make some contribution for maximal cardiovascular prevention inpopulations, individuals must be educated to go well beyond sketchy. and incomplete guidance given by the emblems. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 FUNSALUD, Fdn Mexicana Salud, Mexico City 14610, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Fac Med, Edo Mexico 50000, Mexico. RP Kaufer-Horwitz, M (reprint author), FUNSALUD, Fdn Mexicana Salud, Periferico 4809, Mexico City 14610, DF, Mexico. EM marthakaufer@aol.com RI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/A-3789-2015; OI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/0000-0003-3489-6899; Valdes-Ramos, Roxana/0000-0003-0093-886X NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9 BP 749 EP 759 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.06.002 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 871ZF UT WOS:000225174500008 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Coulombe, R AF Domec, JC Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Brooks, JR Coulombe, R TI Native root xylem embolism and stomatal closure in stands of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine: mitigation by hydraulic redistribution SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cavitation; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic lift; stomatal regulation; water stress ID SOIL-WATER; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PREDAWN PLANT; GAS-EXCHANGE; OLD-GROWTH; CONDUCTANCE; TREES AB Hydraulic redistribution (HR), the passive movement of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil, occurs in many ecosystems, influencing both plant and ecosystem-water use. We examined the effects of HR on root hydraulic functioning during drought in young and old-growth Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws) trees growing in four sites. During the 2002 growing season, in situ xylem embolism, water deficit and xylem vulnerability to embolism were measured on medium roots (2-4-mm diameter) collected at 20-30 cm depth. Soil water content and water potentials were monitored concurrently to determine the extent of HR. Additionally, the water potential and stomatal conductance (g(s)) of upper canopy leaves were measured throughout the growing season. In the site with young Douglas-fir trees, root embolism increased from 20 to 55 percent loss of conductivity (PLC) as the dry season progressed. In young ponderosa pine, root embolism increased from 45 to 75 PLC. In contrast, roots of old-growth Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine trees never experienced more than 30 and 40 PLC, respectively. HR kept soil water potential at 20-30 cm depth above -0.5 MPa in the old-growth Douglas-fir site and -1.8 MPa in the old-growth ponderosa pine site, which significantly reduced loss of shallow root function. In the young ponderosa pine stand, where little HR occurred, the water potential in the upper soil layers fell to about -2.8 MPa, which severely impaired root functioning and limited recovery when the fall rains returned. In both species, daily maximum g(s) decreased linearly with increasing root PLC, suggesting that root xylem embolism acted in concert with stomata to limit water loss, thereby maintaining minimum leaf water potential above critical values. HR appears to be an important mechanism for maintaining shallow root function during drought and preventing total stomatal closure. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; NR 46 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 141 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1621-4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849SC UT WOS:000223560000002 PM 15338263 ER PT J AU Sutherland, S AF Sutherland, S TI What makes a weed a weed: life history traits of native and exotic plants in the USA SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE life span; compatibility; toxicity; vegetative reproduction; invasive ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; HYPOTHESIS; INVADERS; ALIEN; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB I compared ten life history traits (vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, pollination system, shade tolerance, habitat, life span, life form, morphology, and toxicity) from two existing databases for the 19,960 plant species that occur in the USA. I used two-way tests of independence to determine if there were significant life history traits that distinguish weeds from non-weeds, exotic weeds from native weeds, and invasive exotic weeds from non-invasive exotic weeds. Life span was the most significant life history trait for weeds in general; weeds were more likely to be annuals and biennials and less likely to perennials than non-weeds. In addition, vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, shade tolerance, and life form were related to life span. Annual and biennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were more likely to be wetland adapted, armed, and toxic than annual or biennial non-weeds. Perennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were less likely to be forbs or subshrubs, and more likely to be wetland adapted, toxic, shade intolerant, grasses, vines and trees than perennial non-weeds. Exotic annual and perennial weeds were less likely to be wetland species than native weeds, but more likely to be wetland species than non-weeds. Invasive exotic weeds, in contrast, were less likely to be forbs and more likely to be perennial, monoecious, self-incompatible, and trees and than non-invasive exotics. C1 US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Sutherland, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM ssutherland@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 129 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 141 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1628-x PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849SC UT WOS:000223560000004 PM 15300483 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Herrick, JE Urban, DL Gardner, RH Breshears, DD AF Peters, DPC Herrick, JE Urban, DL Gardner, RH Breshears, DD TI Strategies for ecological extrapolation SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FIRE REGIMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPATIAL SCALES; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-EROSION; LAND-USE; MODELS; FOREST C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmosphere Climate & Environm Dynam Grp EES2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 78 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD SEP PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12869.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838OH UT WOS:000222722200021 ER PT J AU Shi, HL Paolucci, U Vigneau-Callahan, KE Milbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS AF Shi, HL Paolucci, U Vigneau-Callahan, KE Milbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS TI Development of biomarkers based on diet-dependent metabolic serotypes: Practical issues in development of expert system-based classification models in metabolomic studies SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE; RATS AB Dietary restriction (DR)-induced changes in the serum metabolome may be biomarkers for physiological status (e.g., relative risk of developing age-related diseases such as cancer). Megavariate analysis (unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis [HCA]; principal components analysis [PCA]) of serum metabolites reproducibly distinguish DR from ad libitum fed rats. Component-based approaches (i.e., PCA) consistently perform as well as or better than distance-based metrics (i.e., HCA). We therefore tested the following: (A) Do identified subsets of serum metabolites contain sufficient information to construct mathematical models of class membership (i.e., expert systems)? (B) Do component-based metrics out-perform distance-based metrics? Testing was conducted using KNN (k-nearest neighbors, supervised HCA) and SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy, supervised PCA). Models were built with single cohorts, combined cohorts or mixed samples from previously studied cohorts as training sets. Both algorithms over-fit models based on single cohort training sets. KNN models had >85% accuracy within training/test sets, but were unstable (i.e., values of k could not be accurately set in advance). SIMCA models had 100% accuracy within all training sets, 89% accuracy in test sets, did not appear to over-fit mixed cohort training sets, and did not require post-hoc modeling adjustments. These data indicate that (i) previously defined metabolites are robust enough to construct classification models (expert systems) with SIMCA that can predict unknowns by dietary category; (ii) component-based analyses outperformed distance-based metrics; (iii) use of over-fitting controls is essential; and (iv) subtle inter-cohort variability may be a critical issue for high data density biomarker studies that lack state markers. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. ESA Inc, Chelmsford, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Neurosci, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Kristal, BS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. EM Bkristal@burke.org FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG15354] NR 13 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD FAL PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1089/omi.2004.8.197 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867IQ UT WOS:000224836700003 PM 15669713 ER PT J AU Pro-Risquez, A Harris, SS Song, L Rudicel, S Barnewolt, B Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pro-Risquez, A Harris, SS Song, L Rudicel, S Barnewolt, B Dawson-Hughes, B TI Calcium supplement and osteoporosis medication use in women and men with recent fractures SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE calcium; osteoporotic fracture; treatment; vitamin D ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BONE MASS; RISK; METAANALYSIS; OPPORTUNITY; CALCITONIN AB Patients with low-trauma fractures are at risk of future fractures and so should be evaluated and treated for osteoporosis. This study was conducted to assess and compare bone medication use and calcium and vitamin D intake at the time of and after an acute fracture. One hundred and six patients, mean age 66.7+/-10.3 years, were administered medical history and diet questionnaires at enrollment (in an urban hospital) and again 6 and 12 months later (by telephone). Of 86 patients who could be contacted 6 months after their fracture, 36.2% of the women and 7.4% of the men had recently discussed osteoporosis with their primary care doctor. At 6 months, 24.2% of the women and 3.6% of the men were taking bone medications (compared with 27.8% and 3.6% before the fracture; NS). At 6 months, 52.6% of the women and 10.7% of the men indicated that their doctor had recently recommended calcium or vitamin D. Among the women who had recently been advised by their primary care doctor to use calcium or vitamin D, supplement use increased from 63.3% to 90.0% (P=0.021) and dairy food intake increased from 1.5+/-1.1 to 2.4+/-1.9 servings/day (P=0.016). Only three men received this advice and two of them heeded it. Among women and men not receiving this advice, there was no significant increase in calcium supplement use or dairy food intake. At 12 months, the treatment profiles were unchanged from 6 months and 9.6% of the women and 4.3% of the men had had another fracture. In conclusion, the occurrence of a fracture did not increase likelihood of pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis. After their fractures, the women did increase their intake of calcium supplements and dairy foods when this was recommended by their doctor. This suggests that the primary care physician is well positioned to bring about much needed change in the quality of care of fracture patients. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brookline Associates Internal Med, Brighton, MA USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Bess.Dawson-Hughes@Tufts.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 15 IS 9 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1007/s00198-004-1668-4 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 846EC UT WOS:000223297000002 PM 15205892 ER PT J AU Ajzen, I Brown, TC Carvajal, F AF Ajzen, I Brown, TC Carvajal, F TI Explaining the discrepancy between intentions and actions: The case of hypothetical bias in contingent valuation SO PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attitude; contingent valuation; hypothetical bias; intention; theory of planned behavior ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; VALUES; CHOICE; GOODS; CVM AB An experiment was designed to account for intention-behavior discrepancies by applying the theory of planned behavior to contingent valuation. College students (N = 160) voted in hypothetical and real payment referenda to contribute $8 to a scholarship fund. Overestimates of willingness to pay in the hypothetical referendum could not be attributed to moderately favorable latent dispositions. Instead, this hypothetical bias was explained by activation of more favorable beliefs and attitudes in the context of a hypothetical rather than a real referendum. A corrective entreaty was found to eliminate this bias by bringing beliefs, attitudes, and intentions in line with those in the real payment situation. As a result, the theory of planned behavior produced more accurate prediction of real payment when participants were exposed to the corrective entreaty. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Ajzen, I (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM aizen@psych.umass.edu NR 43 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 44 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0146-1672 J9 PERS SOC PSYCHOL B JI Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1121 DI 10.1177/0146167204264079 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 845DH UT WOS:000223215500002 PM 15359015 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Elzen, GW Norman, JW Sparks, AN AF Greenberg, SM Sappington, TW Elzen, GW Norman, JW Sparks, AN TI Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera : Curculionidae) - laboratory and field studies SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insecticide; defoliant; boll weevil; cotton; Anthonomus grandis; tribufos; thidiazuron; thibensulfuronmethyl; lambda-cyhalothrin; azinphos-methyl ID COTTON AB In laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining fun rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron-methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin or azinphos-methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and on the quality of defoliation. Tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) exhibited a slightly toxic effect to boll weevil, while tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.019 kg ha(-1), tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + azinphos-methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-1), and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) + azinphos - methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-1), provided control of boll weevil as good as or better than full-rate azinphos-methyl or lambda-cyhalothrin alone owing to synergistic effects. Thidiazuron or thifensulfuron-methyl alone or in combination with insecticides did not affect boll weevil mortality. Treatment with tribufos + thidiazuron, both at half rate, significantly increased defoliation compared to full rates of tribufos or thidiazuron alone, and provided adequate defoliation for approximately the same cost per hectare. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SARC, Area Pest Management Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARC, Area Pest Management Res Unit, 2413 E HWY 83,Bldg 201, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 IS 9 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1002/ps.878 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 849LE UT WOS:000223539300003 PM 15382499 ER PT J AU Farrant, JM Oliver, MJ AF Farrant, JM Oliver, MJ TI Desiccation tolerance and sensitivity in plants SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Cape Town, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Germplasm Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Farrant, JM (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM farrant@science.uct.ac.za; moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00379.x PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 850CO UT WOS:000223589000001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Damann, KE Cleveland, TE AF Chen, ZY Brown, RL Damann, KE Cleveland, TE TI Identification of a maize kernel stress-related protein and its effect on aflatoxin accumulation SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host resistance; real-time PCR; S-D-lactoylglutathione; methylglyoxal lyase ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTION; GLYOXALASE-I; EAR ROT; RESISTANCE; CORN; CONTAMINATION; GENOTYPES; PATHWAY; GENE; TOLERANCE AB Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus during infection of susceptible crops such as maize. Through proteomic comparisons of maize kernel embryo proteins of resistant and susceptible genotypes, several protein spots previously were found to be unique or upregulated in resistant embryos. In the present study, one of these protein spots was sequenced and identified as glyoxalase I (GLX-I; EC 4.4.1.5). The full-length cDNA of the glyoxalase I gene (glx-I) was cloned. GLX-I constitutive activity was found to be significantly higher in the resistant maize lines compared with susceptible ones. After kernel infection by A. flavus, GLX-I activity remained lower in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. However, fungal infection significantly increased methylglyoxal (MG) levels in two of three susceptible genotypes. Further, MG was found to induce aflatoxin production in A. flavus culture at a concentration as low as 5.0 muM. The mode of action of MG may be to stimulate the expression of aflR, an aflatoxin biosynthesis regulatory gene, which was found to be significantly upregulated in the presence of 5 to 20 muM MG. These data suggest that GLX-I may play an important role in controlling MG levels inside kernels, thereby contributing to the lower levels of aflatoxins found in resistant maize genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM rbrown@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 938 EP 945 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.9.938 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QQ UT WOS:000223482600005 PM 18943070 ER PT J AU Cox, CM Garrett, KA Bowden, RL Fritz, AK Dendy, SP Heer, WF AF Cox, CM Garrett, KA Bowden, RL Fritz, AK Dendy, SP Heer, WF TI Cultivar mixtures for the simultaneous management of multiple diseases: Tan spot and leaf rust of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blends; frequency-dependent effects; host diversity; plant diversity; polyculture; variety mixture ID WINTER-WHEAT; CEPHALOSPORIUM STRIPE; PATHOGEN POPULATION; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; PURE STANDS; RESISTANCE; BARLEY; DIVERSITY; YIELD; SEVERITY AB Because of differences in life histories between Puccinia triticina, a highly specialized, polycyclic, windborne pathogen with a shallow dispersal gradient, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, a residue-borne pathogen with a steep dispersal gradient, wheat mixtures are expected to be more effective at controlling leaf rust than tan spot. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of two-cultivar mixtures with varying proportions and different pathogen resistance profiles on the severity of tan spot and leaf rust, to evaluate yield of the mixtures in the presence or absence of disease, and to directly compare the relative effectiveness of cultivar mixing for tan spot versus leaf rust. In a field experiment at two sites in Kansas over two growing seasons, winter wheat cvs. Jagger and 2145, which have differential resistance reactions to leaf rust and tan spot, each were planted in proportions of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00. Plots were inoculated with each pathogen alone, both pathogens, treated with a fungicide, or exposed to ambient conditions. For both diseases for all siteyears, severity decreased substantially on the susceptible cultivar as the proportion of that cultivar decreased in mixture. Mixtures were significantly more effective at reducing leaf rust than tan spot in three of four site-years. Mixtures generally yielded the same as the weighted mean of components in monoculture although, in two of three site-years, at least one fungicide-treated and one diseased mixture each yielded higher than expected values. Although this particular mixture produced only modest yield benefits, the potential for simultaneous reductions in tan spot and leaf rust was demonstrated. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garrett, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgarrett@ksu.edu RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.9.961 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QQ UT WOS:000223482600007 PM 18943072 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Tooley, PW AF Martin, FN Tooley, PW TI Identification of Phytophthora isolates to species level using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified region of mitochondrial DNA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE; GENUS PHYTOPHTHORA; PYTHIUM-SYLVATICUM; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; NATURAL HYBRIDS AB Polymerase chain reaction primers spanning the mitochondrially encoded coxI and II genes have been identified that were capable of amplifying target DNA from all 152 isolates of 31 species in the genus Phytoplithora that were tested. Digestion of the amplicons with restriction enzymes generated species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism banding profiles that were effective for isolate classification to a species level. Of the 24 species in which multiple isolates were examined, intraspecific polymorphisms were not observed for 16 species, while 5 species exhibited limited intraspecific polymorphism that could be explained by the addition/loss of a single restriction site. Intraspecific polymorphisms were observed for R megakarya, P megasperma, and P. syringae; however, these differences may be a reflection of the variation that exists in these species as reported in the literature. Although digestion with Alul alone could differentiate most species tested, single digests with a total of four restriction enzymes were used in this investigation to enhance the accuracy of the technique and minimize the effect of intraspecific variability on correct isolate identification. The use of the computer program BioNumerics simplified data analysis and identification of isolates. Successful template amplification was obtained with DNA recovered from hyphae using a boiling miniprep procedure, thereby reducing the time and materials needed for conducting this analysis. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 983 EP 991 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.9.983 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QQ UT WOS:000223482600010 PM 18943075 ER PT J AU Garrett, KA Madden, LV Hughes, G Pfender, WF AF Garrett, KA Madden, LV Hughes, G Pfender, WF TI New applications of statistical tools in plant pathology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopatholgical-Society CY JUN 29, 2002 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID TRISTEZA VIRUS INCIDENCE; DISEASE INCIDENCE DATA; LINEAR MIXED MODELS; DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; PATTERNS AB The series of papers introduced by this one address a range of statistical applications in plant pathology, including survival analysis, nonparametric analysis of disease associations, multivariate analyses, neural networks, meta-analysis, and Bayesian statistics. Here we present an overview of additional applications of statistics in plant pathology. An analysis of variance based on the assumption of normally distributed responses with equal variances has been a standard approach in biology for decades. Advances in statistical theory and computation now make it convenient to appropriately deal with discrete responses using generalized linear models, with adjustments for overdispersion as needed. New nonparametric approaches are available for analysis of ordinal data such as disease ratings. Many experiments require the use of models with fixed and random effects for data analysis. New or expanded computing packages, such as SAS PROC MIXED, coupled with extensive advances in statistical theory, allow for appropriate analyses of normally distributed data using linear mixed models, and discrete data with generalized linear mixed models. Decision theory offers a framework in plant pathology for contexts such as the decision about whether to apply or withhold a treatment. Model selection can be performed using Akaike's information criterion. Plant pathologists studying pathogens at the population level have traditionally been the main consumers of statistical approaches in plant pathology, but new technologies such as microarrays supply estimates of gene expression for thousands of genes simultaneously and present challenges for statistical analysis. Applications to the study of the landscape of the field and of the genome share the risk of pseudoreplication, the problem of determining the appropriate scale of the experimental unit and of obtaining sufficient replication at that scale. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Garrett, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgarrett@ksu.edu NR 52 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 999 EP 1003 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.9.999 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QQ UT WOS:000223482600012 PM 18943077 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, MS Garrett, KA Su, Z Bowden, RL AF Rosenberg, MS Garrett, KA Su, Z Bowden, RL TI Meta-analysis in plant pathology: Synthesizing research results SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopatholgical-Society CY JUN 29, 2002 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Amer Phytopathol Soc DE plant productivity ID EFFECT SIZE; MODELS AB Meta-analysis is a set of statistical procedures for synthesizing research results from a number of different studies. An estimate of a statistical effect, such as the difference in disease severity for plants with or without a management treatment, is collected from each study along with a measure of the variance of the estimate of the effect. Combining results from different studies will generally result in increased statistical power so that it is easier to detect small effects. Combining results from different studies may also make it possible to compare the size of the effect as a function of other predictor variables such as geographic region or pathogen species. We present a review of the basic methodology for meta-analysis. We also present an example of meta-analysis of the relationship between disease severity and yield loss for foliar wheat diseases, based on data collected from a decade of fungicide and nematicide test results. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garrett, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kgarrett@ksu.edu RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013; Rosenberg, Michael/A-4621-2008 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574; Rosenberg, Michael/0000-0001-7882-2467 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1013 EP 1017 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.9.1013 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 848QQ UT WOS:000223482600015 PM 18943080 ER PT J AU Puente, ME Bashan, Y Li, CY Lebsky, VK AF Puente, ME Bashan, Y Li, CY Lebsky, VK TI Microbial populations and activities in the rhizoplane of rock-weathering desert plants. I. Root colonization and weathering of igneous rocks SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; cactus; cardon; cholla; desert; Ficus; fig tree; fluorescent pseudomonads; lava degradation; nitrogen fixation; Opuntia; Pachycereus; phosphate solubilization; rock weathering; soil formation; Stenocereus ID AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE CD; RESOURCE-ISLAND SOILS; SONORAN DESERT; SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS; ENDOLITHIC MICROORGANISMS; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; SURFACE COLONIZATION; TRIOCTAHEDRAL MICA; CACTUS SEEDLINGS; FIXING BACTERIA AB Dense layers of bacteria and fungi in the rhizoplane of three species of cactus (Pachycereus pringlei, Stenocereus thurberi, Opuntia cholla) and a wild fig tree (Ficus palmeri) growing in rocks devoid of soil were revealed by bright-field and fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. These desert plants are responsible for rock weathering in an ancient lava flow at La Purisima-San Isidro and in sedimentary rock in the Sierra de La Paz, both in Baja California Sur, Mexico. The dominant bacterial groups colonizing the rhizoplane were fluorescent pseudomonads and bacilli. Seven of these bacterial species were identified by the 16S rRNA molecular method. Unidentified fungal and actimomycete species were also present. Some of the root-colonizing microorganisms fixed in vitro N-2, produced volatile and non-volatile organic acids that subsequently reduced the pH of the rock medium in which the bacteria grew, and significantly dissolved insoluble phosphates, extrusive igneous rock, marble, and limestone. The bacteria were able to release significant amounts of useful minerals, such as R K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn from the rocks and were thermo-tolerant, halo-tolerant, and drought-tolerant. The microbial community survived in the rhizoplane of cacti during the annual 10-month dry season. This study indicates that rhizoplane bacteria on cacti roots in rock may be involved in chemical weathering in hot, subtropical deserts. C1 Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23000, Mexico. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, Environm Microbiol Grp, POB 128, La Paz 23000, Mexico. EM bashan@cibnor.mx NR 56 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 41 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 6 IS 5 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1055/s-2004-821100 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 858TZ UT WOS:000224216100015 PM 15375735 ER PT J AU Puente, ME Li, CY Bashan, Y AF Puente, ME Li, CY Bashan, Y TI Microbial populations and activities in the rhizoplane of rock-weathering desert plants. II. Growth promotion of cactus seedlings SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum; Bacillus; cactus; carclon; Citrobacter; desert; N-2-fixation; Pachycereus; phosphate solubilization; Pseudomonas; rock degradation; rock weathering; soil formation ID AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; SONORAN DESERT; SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; TRIOCTAHEDRAL MICA; RHIZOSPHERE; INOCULATION; BACTERIA; ESTABLISHMENT; MYCORRHIZAL AB Four bacterial species isolated from the rhizoplane of cacti growing in bare lava rocks were assessed for growth promotion of giant cardon cactus seedlings (Pachycereus pringlei). These bacteria fixed N-2, dissolved P, weathered extrusive igneous rock, marble, and limestone, and significantly mobilized useful minerals, such as P, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in rock minerals. Cardon cactus seeds inoculated with these bacteria were able to sprout and grow normally without added nutrients for at least 12 months in pulverized extrusive igneous rock (ancient lava flows) mixed with perlite. Cacti that were not inoculated grew less vigorously and some died. The amount of useful minerals (P, K, Fe, Mg) for plant growth extracted from the pulverized lava, measured after cultivation of inoculated plants, was significant. This study shows that rhizoplane bacteria isolated from rock-growing cacti promote growth of a cactus species, and can help supply essential minerals for a prolonged period of time. C1 Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, Environm Microbiol Grp, POB 128, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. EM bashan@cibnor.mx NR 34 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 19 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 6 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1055/s-2004-821101 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 858TZ UT WOS:000224216100016 PM 15375736 ER PT J AU Magnani, E Sjolander, K Hake, S AF Magnani, E Sjolander, K Hake, S TI From endonucleases to transcription factors: Evolution of the AP2 DNA binding domain in plants SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; CIS-ACTING ELEMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOMING ENDONUCLEASES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; RECOGNITION; DATABASE; FAMILY AB All members of the AP2/ERF family of plant transcription regulators contain at least one copy of a DNA binding domain called the AP2 domain. The AP2 domain has been considered plant specific. Here, we show that homologs are present in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, and the viruses Enterobacteria phage Rb49 and Bacteriophage Felix 01. We demonstrate that the T. erythraeum AP2 domain selectively binds stretches of poly(dG)/poly(dC) showing functional conservation with plant AP2/ERF proteins. The newly discovered nonplant proteins bearing an AP2 domain are predicted to be HNH endonucleases. Sequence conservation extends outside the AP2 domain to include part of the endonuclease domain for the T. erythraeum protein and some plant AP2/ERF proteins. Our phylogenetic analysis of the broader family of AP2 domains supports the possibility of lateral gene transfer. We hypothesize that a horizontal transfer of an HNH-AP2 endonuclease from bacteria or viruses into plants may have led to the origin of the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors via transposition and homing processes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley Phylogenom Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Magnani, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emagnani@berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 120 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2265 EP 2277 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.023135 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 854TT UT WOS:000223927000004 PM 15319480 ER PT J AU Caldo, RA Nettleton, D Wise, RP AF Caldo, RA Nettleton, D Wise, RP TI Interaction-dependent gene expression in Mla-specified response to barley powdery mildew SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Review ID F-SP HORDEI; PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPT ACCUMULATION; MYCOSPHAERELLA-PINODES AB Plant recognition of pathogen-derived molecules influences attack and counterattack strategies that affect the outcome of host-microbe interactions. To ascertain the global framework of host gene expression during biotrophic pathogen invasion, we analyzed in parallel the mRNA abundance of 22,792 host genes throughout 36 (genotype x pathogen x time) interactions between barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Blurneria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. A split-split-plot design was used to investigate near-isogenic barley lines with introgressed Mla6, Mla3, and Mla1 coiledcoil, nucleotide binding site, Leu-rich repeat resistance alleles challenged with Bgh isolates 5874 (AvrMla6 and AvrMla1) and K1 (AvrM103 and AvrMlal). A linear mixed model analysis was employed to identify genes with significant differential expression (P value < 0.0001) in incompatible and compatible barley-Bgh interactions across six time points after pathogen challenge. Twenty-two host genes, of which five were of unknown function, exhibited highly similar patterns of upregulation among all incompatible and compatible interactions up to 16 h after inoculation (hai), coinciding with germination of Bgh conidiospores and formation of appressoria. By contrast, significant divergent expression was observed from 16 to 32 hai, during membrane-to-membrane contact between fungal haustoria and host epidermal cells, with notable suppression of most transcripts identified as differentially expressed in compatible interactions. These findings provide a link between the recognition of general and specific pathogen-associated molecules in gene-for-gene specified resistance and support the hypothesis that host-specific resistance evolved from the recognition and prevention of the pathogen's suppression of plant basal defense. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu NR 112 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2514 EP 2528 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.023382 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 854TT UT WOS:000223927000021 PM 15319481 ER PT J AU Henneberger, TSM Stevenson, KL Britton, KO Chang, CJ AF Henneberger, TSM Stevenson, KL Britton, KO Chang, CJ TI Distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in sycamore associated with low temperature and host resistance SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE mechanical inoculation; sycamore decline ID LEAF SCORCH; PIERCES-DISEASE; INHABITING BACTERIA; PLANTS; FLORIDA; OAK; PATHOGENICITY; GRAPEVINES; MOVEMENT; DECLINE AB Experiments were conducted in the field and laboratory to determine effects of low temperatures on Xylella fastidiosa populations in American sycamore. Roots and shoots from naturally infected trees at two locations were collected monthly. Sap extracted from the samples was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for presence of X. fastidosa and was diluted and plated on periwinkle wilt medium to determine populations of viable bacteria. Cumulative rainfall and hours below temperature thresholds (-5 to 10degreesC) were recorded at each site. Bacterial populations in shoots were negatively correlated with cumulative hours below -5degreesC air temperature (r = -0.96). In roots, bacterial populations were only weakly correlated with cumulative hours below soil temperature thresholds (-0.61 < r < -0.25). Bacterial populations were not correlated with monthly rainfall. In the laboratory, resistant and susceptible sycamore trees were inoculated with X. fastidiosa and held in the dark at 5degreesC or 22degreesC. After 12 weeks, inoculated stem sections were collected and sap was extracted and tested as described previously. Stems that tested positive for X. fastidiosa were divided into additional samples and tested as described above. Results of the laboratory study indicated no significant effects of low-temperature treatment (5degreesC) or host resistance on viable bacteria. Bacterial detection frequency and population size were greatest near the inoculation point and the primary direction of early bacterial spread was acropetal. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Georgia Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Stevenson, KL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ks@uga.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.951 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100007 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Kyde, KL Englander, L AF Tooley, PW Kyde, KL Englander, L TI Susceptibility of selected ericaceous ornamental host species to Phytophthora ramorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE chlamydospore; host range; inoculum density; sudden oak death ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; VIBURNUM; RHODODENDRON; NURSERIES; PATHOGEN AB We assessed disease reactions of 51 species or varieties of ericaceous ornamental hosts to two isolates of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. Inoculation was performed with an A2 mating type U.S. isolate from rhododendron and the R ramorum type culture of A1 mating type from Germany. For only one host were statistically significant differences in disease observed between the two isolates. Several different inoculation methods were compared. The 51 hosts tested varied widely in susceptibility, ranging from 0% to over 90% leaf area infected. Two cultivars of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) showed no disease, while three cultivars of Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) were all highly susceptible. The results indicate that many ornamental hosts grown in the United States are susceptible to P ramorum under artificial inoculation conditions. Inoculum density studies with two susceptible host species showed that R ramorum is capable of producing disease symptoms over sporangium concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 sporangia per ml. Mean numbers of chlamydospores forming in host tissue of 21 hosts ranged from 2 to over 900 chlamydospores per 6-mm-diameter leaf disk. Whether hosts showing susceptiblity under the experimental conditions used in this study would become infected with P. ramorum in the presence of inoculum under natural conditions is unknown. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM ptooley@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.993 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100013 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Ribbing, LM Eastburn, DM AF Ortiz-Ribbing, LM Eastburn, DM TI Soybean root systems and sudden death syndrome severity: Taproot and lateral root infection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE digital imaging; Fusarium virguliforme; greenhouse assay; WinRhizo ID RATE-REDUCING RESISTANCE; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; CAUSAL AGENT; CULTURE FILTRATE; PLANTING DATE; GLYCINE-MAX; FIELD; CULTIVAR; PATHOGENICITY; ENVIRONMENT AB Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Eastburn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM eastburn@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1011 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100016 ER PT J AU Pfender, WF AF Pfender, WF TI Effect of autumn planting date and stand age on severity of stem rust in seed crops of perennial ryegrass SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Puccinia graminis subsp graminicola ID WINTER-WHEAT; EPIDEMICS; FUNGICIDE; LOLIUM AB Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown for seed is planted in autumn for July harvest (first-year seed crop), then kept in production for subsequent yearly harvests. Plots of first-year perennial ryegrass planted in early November had only 3% as much stem rust in June as plots planted in mid-September. In other plots where fungicides were used to prevent rust development, seed yield from the November-planted plots was reduced by 23% compared with September-planted plots. In the second-year seed crop, stem rust severity in June was intermediate between severities in early- and late-planted first-year plots. The association of reduced stem rust severity with late planting for first-year crops was observed for five of six perennial ryegrass cultivars tested. Degree of reduction in disease severity due to planting date was greatest for the cultivars that had the highest disease severity in early-planted stands. Delay of autumn planting date may provide a useful cultural control method for first-year stands of perennial ryegrass seed crops. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Product Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Product Res Ctr, 2450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1017 EP 1020 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1017 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100017 ER PT J AU Higginbotham, RW Paulitz, TC Kidwell, KK AF Higginbotham, RW Paulitz, TC Kidwell, KK TI Virulence of Pythium species isolated from wheat fields in eastern Washington SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL; GROWTH; PATHOGENICITY; GERMINATION; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; TILLAGE; BARLEY; ROOTS AB Although Pythium root rot in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is well documented, limited information is available concerning which species of Pythium are most responsible for disease damage. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in virulence on wheat among isolates of Pythium collected from cereal grain fields in eastern Washington. Isolates of nine Pythium species were tested for virulence on spring wheat cultivars Chinese Spring and Spillman. Cultivars were planted in pasteurized soil infested with Pythium isolates and placed in a growth chamber maintained at a constant 16degreesC and ambient humidity. Plant height, length of the first true leaf, and number of seminal roots were recorded, and roots were digitally scanned to create computer files that were analyzed using WinRhizo software. Pythium isolates caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of root tips, root length, and length of the first leaf. Differences in virulence were detected among species and among isolates within species. Isolate Pythium debaryanum 90136 and P. ultimum 90038 were the most virulent and may prove useful in future disease screening assays of Triticum germ plasm. C1 USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1021 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100018 ER PT J AU Higginbotham, RW Paulitz, TC Campbell, KG Kidwell, KK AF Higginbotham, RW Paulitz, TC Campbell, KG Kidwell, KK TI Evaluation of adapted wheat cultivars for tolerance to Pythium root rot SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-8; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DAMPING-OFF; SEED TREATMENTS; RESISTANCE; SOIL; PATHOGENICITY; GERMINATION; ENVIRONMENT; INFECTION AB Genetic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against Pythium species would be an efficient means of control of this major root fungal pathogen, but so far no source has been identified. In addition, no long-term, sustainable options for controlling Pythium root rot are available; therefore, identifying and then incorporating genetic resistance into wheat cultivars would create an ideal method of control for this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the level of tolerance to Pythium root rot among a diverse set of wheat germ plasm collected from all major wheat production regions in the United States. Pythium debaryanum isolate 90136 and P. ultimum isolate 90038, previously identified as the most virulent Pythium isolates on wheat, were used to infest pasteurized soil, which was seeded with wheat genotypes and placed in a growth chamber maintained at a constant 16degreesC with a 12-h photoperiod and ambient humidity. Length of the first leaf and plant height measurements were recorded, and roots were digitally scanned to create computer files that were analyzed using WinRhizo software for length and number of tips. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in plant variables were detected among wheat genotypes in the presence of both Pythium species, and a significant (P < 0.0001) correlation between plant stunting and root loss was detected. Based on both shoot and root measurements, Caledonia, Chinese Spring, MN97695, and OR942504 appear to be highly susceptible to Pythium root rot, whereas genotypes KS93UI61, OH708, and Sunco were the most tolerant to this disease. C1 USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1027 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100019 ER PT J AU Scandiani, M Ruberti, D O'Donnell, K Aoki, T Pioli, R Giorda, L Luque, A Biasoli, M AF Scandiani, M Ruberti, D O'Donnell, K Aoki, T Pioli, R Giorda, L Luque, A Biasoli, M TI Recent outbreak of soybean sudden death syndrome caused by Fusarium virguliforme and F tucumaniae in Argentina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Lab Agricola Rio Parana, RA-2930 San Pedro, Argentina. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NIAS, Genet Divers Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. Fac Ciencias Agrarias, RA-2123 Zavalla, Argentina. INTA Manfredi, EEA, RA-5988 Manfredi, Argentina. Univ Nacl Rosario, CEREMIC, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Scandiani, M (reprint author), Lab Agricola Rio Parana, Ruiz Moreno 225, RA-2930 San Pedro, Argentina. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1044 EP 1044 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1044C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100024 ER PT J AU Chen, CC Chang, CA Tsai, HT Hsu, HT AF Chen, CC Chang, CA Tsai, HT Hsu, HT TI Identification of a potyvirus causing latent infection in Calla lilies. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID STRIPE C1 Agr Res Inst, Plant Pathol Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), Agr Res Inst, Plant Pathol Div, Taichung 413, Taiwan. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1046 EP 1046 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1046A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100029 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Brlansky, RH Barnes, L Li, W Hartung, JS AF Huang, Q Brlansky, RH Barnes, L Li, W Hartung, JS TI First report of oleander leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Texas. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Citrus Res Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1049 EP 1049 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.9.1049A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 845XQ UT WOS:000223279100038 ER PT J AU Alba, R Fei, ZJ Payton, P Liu, Y Moore, SL Debbie, P Cohn, J D'Ascenzo, M Gordon, JS Rose, JKC Martin, G Tanksley, SD Bouzayen, M Jahn, MM Giovannoni, J AF Alba, R Fei, ZJ Payton, P Liu, Y Moore, SL Debbie, P Cohn, J D'Ascenzo, M Gordon, JS Rose, JKC Martin, G Tanksley, SD Bouzayen, M Jahn, MM Giovannoni, J TI ESTs, cDNA microarrays, and gene expression profiling: tools for dissecting plant physiology and development SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE expressed sequence tags; expression profiling; transcriptome; digital expression analysis; genomics ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SCALE STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS; ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTOME; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; REGULATORY NETWORKS AB Gene expression profiling holds tremendous promise for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional networks that underlie biological processes. Here we provide details of approaches used by others and ourselves for gene expression profiling in plants with emphasis on cDNA microarrays and discussion of both experimental design and downstream analysis. We focus on methods and techniques emphasizing fabrication of cDNA microarrays, fluorescent labeling, cDNA hybridization, experimental design, and data processing. We include specific examples that demonstrate how this technology can be used to further our understanding of plant physiology and development (specifically fruit development and ripening) and for comparative genomics; by comparing transcriptome activity in tomato and pepper fruit. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. Ecole Natl Super Agron, Inst Natl Polytech, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Toulouse, France. ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011; Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830; Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 128 TC 171 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 697 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02178.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854IB UT WOS:000223895200003 PM 15315633 ER PT J AU Rose, JKC Bashir, S Giovannoni, JJ Jahn, MM Saravanan, RS AF Rose, JKC Bashir, S Giovannoni, JJ Jahn, MM Saravanan, RS TI Tackling the plant proteome: practical approaches, hurdles and experimental tools SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE protein; proteomics; protein extraction; 2-D gel electrophoresis; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; peptide mass fingerprinting ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; TANDEM AFFINITY PURIFICATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOME; FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS; STRUCTURAL PROTEOMICS AB The study of complex biological questions through comparative proteomics is becoming increasingly attractive to plant biologists as the rapidly expanding plant genomic and expressed sequence tag databases provide improved opportunities for protein identification. This review focuses on practical issues associated with comparative proteomic analysis, including the challenges of effective protein extraction and separation from plant tissues, the pros and cons of two-dimensional gel-based analysis and the problems of identifying proteins from species that are not recognized models for functional genomic studies. Specific points are illustrated using data from an ongoing study of the tomato and pepper fruit proteomes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015; OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300; Bashir, Sajid/0000-0001-5356-8853 NR 125 TC 183 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 715 EP 733 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02182.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854IB UT WOS:000223895200004 PM 15315634 ER PT J AU Johnson-Brousseau, SA McCormick, S AF Johnson-Brousseau, SA McCormick, S TI A compendium of methods useful for characterizing Arabidopsis pollen mutants and gametophytically-expressed genes SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gametophyte; mutant; quartet; tetraspore; segregation distortion; pollen germination ID MALE MEIOTIC CYTOKINESIS; ANILINE BLUE; TIP GROWTH; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; TETRAD ANALYSIS; TUBE GROWTH; WILD-TYPE; IN-VITRO AB This article provides detailed protocols for collecting pollen and outlines genetic crosses and phenotypic assays that are useful for characterizing mutants that affect pollen development. C1 ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Johnson-Brousseau, SA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sjb@uclink.berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 64 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 761 EP 775 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02147.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854IB UT WOS:000223895200007 PM 15315637 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH Block, A Alborn, HT AF Schmelz, EA Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH Block, A Alborn, HT TI The use of vapor phase extraction in metabolic profiling of phytohormones and other metabolites SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; vapor phase extraction; metabolic profiling; phytohormone analysis; coronatine ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALICYLIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; JASMONIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; PLANT DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Through complex networks of signaling interactions, phytohormones regulate growth, development, reproduction and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Comprehensive metabolomic approaches, seeking to quantify changes in vast numbers of plant metabolites, may ultimately clarify these complex signaling interactions and consequently explain pleiotropic effects on plant metabolism. Synergistic and antagonistic phytohormone signaling interactions, referred to as crosstalk, are often considered at the level of transduction without proper consideration of synthesis or accumulation of phytohormones because of the limitation and difficulty in quantifying numerous signals. Significant progress has recently been made in the expansion of metabolic profiling and analysis of multiple phytohormones [Birkemeyer et al. (J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 993, 89); Chiwocha et al. (Plant J., 2003,35,405); Muller et al. (Planta, 2002,216,44); Schmelz et al. (Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA, 2003, 100, 10552)]. We recently presented a novel metabolic profiling approach to the analysis of acidic phytohormones and other metabolites based on a simplistic preparation scheme and analysis by chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We now provide a detailed description of this vapor phase extraction technique and use pathogen infection of Arabidopsis with Pseudomonas syringrae DC3000 to illustrate metabolic changes in salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, unsaturated C-18 fatty acids, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and phytotoxin coronatine. Directions for further method expansion are provided and include issues of recovery, derivatization, range of accessible analytes, optimization, reproducibility and future directions. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 111 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 790 EP 808 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02168.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854IB UT WOS:000223895200009 PM 15315639 ER PT J AU Kim, AK Ellis, DJ Sandler, HA Hart, P Darga, JE Keeney, D Bewick, TA AF Kim, AK Ellis, DJ Sandler, HA Hart, P Darga, JE Keeney, D Bewick, TA TI Genetic diversity of dodder (Cuscuta spp.) collected from commercial cranberry production as revealed in the trnL (UAA) intron SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Cuscuta; chloroplast DNA; dodder; trnL; Vaccinium macrocarpon ID SWAMP DODDER; DNA AB Swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) is a parasitic plant detrimental to cranberries. Observation of emergence of dodder seeds collected from a cultivated cranberry bog in Massachusetts revealed 2 or more peak emergence times during 4 consecutive growing seasons. Molecular methods were used to investigate genetic variation among the emerging dodder seedlings. On emergence, dodder seedlings were collected and analyzed for DNA sequence diversity in the trnL (UAA) intron, a noncoding region of chloroplast DNA. DNA sequence analysis of 87 seedlings collected during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons revealed the presence of 2 dodder ecotypes, designated A and B. Comparative DNA sequence analysis indicated that in the trnL (UAA) intron. the sequence of ecotype A is identical to that of Cuscuta gronovii, whereas the sequence of ecotype B is closest to that of Cuscuta attenuata (99.3% sequence identity; 293 bases considered). A Bg/II restriction enzyme cut site was identified that distinguished between the trnL (UAA) introns of ecotypes A and B. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyze the sequences of 100 seedlings collected during the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002. Only 10 of the 187 samples were ecotype A, all of which emerged on or before May 7 in the growing seasons. Therefore, the predominant dodder haplotype found in this study may be a close relative of C. attenuata. and not C. gronovii, the common species found in cranberry bogs. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Stn, Wareham, MA 02538 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ellis, DJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM dellis@umassd.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1007/BF02773132 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 893OV UT WOS:000226730000001 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD AF Hirschi, KD TI The calcium conundrum. Both versatile nutrient and specific signal SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CA2+-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; RICE PLANTS; EXPRESSION; CA2+; COLD; TOLERANCE; DYNAMICS; TOBACCO; STRESS; SALT C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK 062366] NR 36 TC 143 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1 BP 2438 EP 2442 DI 10.1104/pp.104.046490 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 855GU UT WOS:000223962100002 PM 15375199 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Wang, S Tang, J AF Hansen, JD Wang, S Tang, J TI A cumulated lethal time model to evaluate efficacy of heat treatments for codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in cherries SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cumulated lethal time model; thermal death kinetics; codling moth; cherries; quarantine treatments; methyl bromide ID THERMAL DEATH KINETICS; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; FORCED-AIR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; INSECT PESTS; TEPHRITIDAE; MORTALITY AB Developing heat treatment methods to control insect pests in harvested commodities has traditionally relied on empirical trial-and-error approaches. There is a need for an effective means to systematically develop and assess heat treatments to save time and expense. In this study, we developed a cumulated lethal time model based on the efficacy of different hot water treatments for killing codling moth in cherries. Minimum temperature-time combinations to achieve complete kill of codling moth larvae in cherries were determined and compared with the prediction of the cumulated lethal time model. In experiments to validate the model. larval mortality of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was evaluated in infested cherries subjected to various periods of temperatures in warm water baths. This model calculates the accumulative lethal effect of the complete process by using measured temperature-time data in the core of cherries along with established intrinsic thermal death kinetics information on the target insects. This model predicted minimum treatment times to achieve a total mortality of the pest population in cherries for different treatment temperatures. The results show that this model can be used to predict the thermal mortality of the insects in fruit for any pattern of heat treatment, provided that the temperature-time profile in the infested fruits is measured. This procedure should allow for rapid efficacy comparisons in a range of thermal treatments against codling moth larvae in different commodities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM jimbob@yarl.ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 843ND UT WOS:000223089700009 ER PT J AU Dennis, R Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Estevez, I Cheng, HW AF Dennis, R Zhang, HM Bacon, LD Estevez, I Cheng, HW TI Behavioral and physiological features of chickens diversely selected for resistance to avian disease. 1. Selected inbred lines differ in behavioral and physical responses to social stress SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic selection; aggression; behavior; physical index; chicken ID LOW ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GENETIC-RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MAREKS-DISEASE; BODY-WEIGHT; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; DOMESTIC-FOWL; LAYING HENS; CORTICOSTERONE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB To test the hypothesis that genetic variations in response to social stress modulate susceptibility to disease in poultry, aggressive behaviors induced by social stress were measured in chickens of different inbred lines selected for disease resistance (line 6(3)) or susceptibility (lines 7(2) and 15I(5)), as well as 2 recombinant congenic strains (B and X). At 15 wk of age, roosters from each genetic line or strain were randomly assigned to pairs for intraline male-male aggression tests (n = 8 per line). Based on the results of the intraline aggression tests, the roosters were divided into 2 groups, winners and losers. At 16 wk of age, the roosters were randomly paired as winners vs. winners and losers vs. losers for interline aggression tests, i.e., line 6(3) vs. 7(2) and 15I(5); line 7(3) vs. line 15I(5); and strain X vs. strain B. Similarly, at 17 wk of age, line 6(3) vs. strains X and B, and line 72 vs. strains X and B were tested. The tests were conducted in a novel cage that was similar to their home cages, to provide a neutral space for both roosters being tested. Each pair was videotaped for 15 min. Male-male interaction-induced aggressive behaviors were markedly different among the genetic lines. Compared with roosters of lines 15I(5) and 7(2), line 6(3) roosters generally showed fewer aggressive behaviors, including aggressive pecks and fights, as well as durations (P < 0.05). Roosters of the recombinant congenic strains X and B, each possessing a unique random 87.5% genome of line 6(3), exhibited low aggressive behaviors, which were similar or equal to the level of line 6(3) in both intraline and interline aggression tests (P = 0.05). These results may indicate that some of the gene(s) commonly carried between strains X and B as well as line 6(3) likely played an important role in governing their lower levels of aggression. The present chicken lines may be used as animal models for investigation of the cellular mechanisms of genetic-environmental interactions on disease resistance and stress responses. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1489 EP 1496 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 847YA UT WOS:000223432800002 PM 15384898 ER PT J AU Ameiss, KA Danforth, HD McElroy, AP Barri, A Berghman, LR Caldwell, DJ AF Ameiss, KA Danforth, HD McElroy, AP Barri, A Berghman, LR Caldwell, DJ TI Immunogenicity of Ad libitum drinking water administration of bovine serum albumin in leghorn chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibody response; BSA; drinking water; intestine; serum ID MUCOSAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; TOLERANCE; ADJUVANT; INDUCTION; ANTIGENS; TENELLA AB Oral administration of protein antigen in solution routinely leads to development of oral tolerance in most mammals but has been reported to be fully immunogenic in chickens. Previous studies, including several performed by our laboratory, have demonstrated that oral administration of discrete amounts of BSA for 6 consecutive days is fully immunogenic. This study was performed to determine immunoresponsiveness to protein antigen administered ad libitum at low levels in drinking water compared with i.p. and oral gavage routes of administration. Seven days following the last oral immunization, serum was assayed for IgG, bile for IgA, and tissue culture supernatant from 3 distinct lower intestinal regions for IgG and IgA in immunized and nonimmunized single-comb White Leghorn chickens. Systemic responses in the serum of experimental birds revealed a greater (P < 0.001) IgG response when BSA was administered via i.p. injection or by drinking water compared with gavage administration or nonimmunized controls. Responses measured in bile revealed that BSA administration in the drinking water resulted in a greater (P < 0.001) secretory IgA response compared with i.p. or gavage administration, and negative control groups. Intestinal antigen specific IgG, but not IgA, was elevated (P < 0.05) in all intestinal areas tested in birds immunized against BSA by drinking water and i.p. routes of administration, compared with other experimental groups. Taken together, the present experiments demonstrate that ad libitum drinking water administration of a protein antigen is as effective as i.p. administration or gavage routes of antigen exposure and potentially describe a novel approach to immunization of commercial poultry with purified protein antigens. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, DJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM caldwell@poultry.tamu.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1535 EP 1538 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 847YA UT WOS:000223432800008 PM 15384904 ER PT J AU Long, JA Kulkarni, G AF Long, JA Kulkarni, G TI An effective method for improving the fertility of glycerol-exposed poultry semen SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; rooster; semen; glycerol; Accudenz ID THAWED FOWL SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA; SPERM MOBILITY; TURKEY HEN; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; CRYOPROTECTIVE AGENTS; INITIAL INSEMINATION; LIQUID-NITROGEN; EGG-PRODUCTION; ROOSTER SPERM AB Semen cryopreservation is necessary for banking germplasm from critical poultry stocks. To date, glycerol is the most effective cryoprotectant for poultry sperm; however, the contraceptive effects of glycerol require a significant reduction of the cryoprotectant from thawed semen before artificial insemination (AI). The effectiveness of glycerol reduction by dialysis, Percoll density gradient centrifugation, or washing through 12% (wt/vol) Accudenz was evaluated by fertility trials with highly inbred chicken research lines and commercial turkey lines. Semen was extended 1:1 and then diluted with glycerolized extender to yield a final 11% (vol/vol) glycerol concentration. Glycerolized rooster semen was aliquoted for control, Accudenz centrifugation, and dialysis treatments. A total of 90 pure line and 85F(1) hybrid chicken hens were each inseminated with 100 x 10(6) sperm at 7-d intervals for 4 to 6 wk. All eggs from the glycerolized control semen treatments were infertile, and fertility rates from dialyzed semen decreased steadily from 26.4 to 0% within the first 4 wk for the pure lines. In contrast, fertility rates for Accudenz-processed semen increased from 17.9 to 37.17% during the first 4 wk. Similar fertility rates occurred with the F-1 hybrid cross lines. For turkey fertility trials, the dialysis treatment was not used; glycerolized turkey semen was processed by Accudenz or Percoll centrifugation to reduce glycerol. A total of 36 hens were inseminated with 150 x 10(6) sperm at 7-d intervals for 6 wk. Similar to the chicken trials, fertility rates of Accudenz-processed semen steadily increased to 49.4% by the sixth week of insemination. The average fertility of Percoll-processed semen was only 19.1%. These data demonstrate that Accudenz centrifugation is an acceptable glycerol reduction method for nonfrozen poultry semen. C1 USDA, BARC, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ADOL, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), USDA, BARC, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlong@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 48 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1594 EP 1601 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 847YA UT WOS:000223432800016 PM 15384912 ER PT J AU Shi, PJ Yan, P Yuan, Y Nearing, MA AF Shi, PJ Yan, P Yuan, Y Nearing, MA TI Wind erosion research in China: past, present and future SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE arid land; China; desertification; dust storm; semi-arid land; soil erosion; wind erosion ID SAND AB Wind erosion is one of the most important processes associated with land degradation and desertification in the arid, semi-arid and portions of the subhumid regions of China. The total land area experiencing wind erosion is approximately 160.74 x 10(4) km(2), which is 16.7% of the national territory. Wind erosion is recognized as a great threat to land utilization and sustainable social and economic development. Documentation of wind erosion and its negative impacts in China dates back over 2000 years. Since the 1950s Chinese scientists have carried out an integrated investigation of the principal lands susceptible to wind erosion, and have undertaken many laboratory tests and field observations with respect to the stabilization and utilization of soil in desert areas. Since the late 1970s there has been an increasing concern worldwide regarding land desertification caused by climatic changes and human activities. Hence, wind erosion, one of the main processes of desertification, has attracted the attention of Chinese scientists to an even greater extent. Studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanics, causes and control techniques related to wind erosion using wind tunnel simulation tests and field observations in typical areas. Some encouraging achievements have been made. In this paper we summarize the main research results on wind erosion that have come to light in China in recent decades, and put forward some perspectives and suggestions to deal with problems in both research into and control practices of wind erosion in China. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Resources Sci, China Ctr Desert Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Minist Educ China, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yan, P (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Resources Sci, China Ctr Desert Res, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM yping@bnu.edu.cn NR 82 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 366 EP 386 DI 10.1191/0309133304pp416ra PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 850UR UT WOS:000223639700003 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, PA TI Irradiation to control insects in fruits and vegetables for export from Hawaii SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Radiation Processing CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL Chicago, IL DE quarantine treatment; fruits flies; sweetpotato pests; generic doses ID QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE AB Phytosanitary or quarantine treatments are often required to disinfest host commodities of economically important arthropod pests before they are moved through market channels to areas where the pest does not occur. Irradiation is an accepted treatment to control quarantine pests in 10 fruits and five vegetables for export from Hawaii to the US mainland. Irradiation is the ideal technology for developing generic quarantine treatments because it is effective against most insect and mite pests at dose levels that do not affect the quality of most commodities. A generic dose of 150 Gy has been proposed for tephritid fruit flies. Contrary to the 150 Gy dose, approved irradiation quarantine treatment doses for Mediterranean fruit fly, melon fly, and oriental fruit fly in Hawaii are 210-250 Gy. Irradiation studies were conducted to determine if the approved doses were unnecessarily high and could be reduced. Irradiation is also a viable alternative to methyl bromide fumigation to disinfest Hawaii sweetpotatoes, and studies are in progress to identify an effective dose for two key sweetpotato insect pests. Results indicate that irradiation doses <150 Gy will control Hawaii's fruit flies, which supports the proposed generic dose. The idea of generic doses is appealing because it would greatly accelerate the process of approving irradiation quarantine treatments for specific crops, and thereby rapidly expand exports. Preliminary results show that 250-300 Gy will control Hawaii's sweetpotato pests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.03.074 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 848ZP UT WOS:000223507200035 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Rosskopf, EN AF Chellemi, DO Rosskopf, EN TI Yield potential and soil quality under alternative crop production practices for fresh market pepper SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; cover crops; methyl bromide; organic agriculture; pepper; soil solarization ID PROCESSING TOMATO PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; FARMING SYSTEMS; LIVING MULCHES; INPUT; CORN AB This study was conducted in Florida in 1999 and 2000 to examine the impact of alternative crop production practices on soil quality and yields of fresh market pepper (Capsicum annuum). Replicated field plots were established on an organic vegetable farm that had been under certification for 5 years and on a conventional pepper farm that had been fumigated with methyl bromide for 25 consecutive years. Production practices evaluated included raised beds covered by white plastic mulch, soil solarization, no-till in a stubble crop of sunn hemp (Crotolariajuncea) or iron-clay pea (Vigna unguiculata) and the addition of 67 t ha(-1) of urban plant debris (UPD). Soil fumigation with methyl bromide-chloropicrin was also evaluated at the conventional farm site. Soil organic carbon significantly increased following the addition of UPI) in both years at the organic site but only in the second year at the conventional site. Cation exchange capacity increased significantly after addition of UPI) in both years at both sites and a significant interaction with production practices was observed in the second year at the organic site. Soil phosphorus levels were high at both sites but were not impacted by production practices or UPD. In 1999, the addition of UPI) significantly decreased soil nitrate levels at the organic site and the conventional site, except under the no-till treatments. In 2000, soil nitrate levels were not affected by UPI) or production practice. Stand counts, determined by the number of surviving pepper plants 21-28 days after transplanting, were severely impacted in no-till treatments due to intense competition from weeds. Marketable yields equal to, or above, the 1999/2000 statewide average for conventional production systems were obtained with soil fumigation and soil solarization at the conventional site in 1999. In 2000, an epidemic of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) eliminated production at the conventional site. Marketable yield at the organic site approached the statewide average for conventional systems under the solarization treatment. Yields under plastic mulch were increased at both sites with the addition of UPD. The results demonstrated that organic pepper yields from soil-solarized plots were similar to yields obtained by conventional farmers using high inputs of rapidly mobile nitrogen sources. However, no-till systems for fall production do not appear to be a viable alternative under Florida conditions due to the rapid proliferation of weeds under the cover crop stubble. The addition of urban plant debris was associated with an increase in soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity in sandy soils typical of those found in Florida. C1 USDA, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dchellemi@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1079/RAFS200479 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 868VK UT WOS:000224940900006 ER PT J AU Likens, GE Buso, DC Dresser, BK Bernhardt, ES Hall, RO Macneale, KH Bailey, SW AF Likens, GE Buso, DC Dresser, BK Bernhardt, ES Hall, RO Macneale, KH Bailey, SW TI Buffering an acidic stream in New Hampshire with a silicate mineral SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid rain; Hubbard Brook; stream chemistry; stream ecosystems; stream restoration; Wollastonite ID LONG-TERM; HUBBARD BROOK; NORTH-AMERICA; CALCIUM; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM; LAKE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; STRATEGIES; RECOVERY AB Ground and pelletized Wollastonite (Wo; CaSiO3) was added to a 50-m reach of an anthropogenically acidified stream within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, to evaluate its buffering and restoration potential. The Wo was highly effective in raising the pH, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and Ca2+ concentrations of the stream water, but during the short duration of the experiment had no discernable effect on the stream biota. After initial, spike-like fluctuations in pH and concentrations of ANC, DIC, and Ca2+, the relatively slow dissolution rates of the Wo dampened extreme concentrations and contributed to relatively long-lasting (4 months) amelioration of streamwater acidity. Changes in concentrations of Ca2+, dissolved Si, ANC, and DIC were inversely related to streamflow. After several high, stream-discharge events, concentrations quickly and consistently returned to pre-event conditions. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Campton, NH USA. RP Likens, GE (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM likensg@ecostudies.org RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00357.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849JM UT WOS:000223534700013 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Contreras, A Ledbetter, TK AF Paape, MJ Contreras, A Ledbetter, TK TI Variation among goats in the ability of their polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes and mammary secretions to support phagocytosis: inhibitory effects of milk fat globules SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; phagocytosis; neutrophil; mastitis ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; ZYMOSAN PARTICLES; BLOOD; COWS; CASEIN AB The objectives of this study were to determine if fat globules and casein in goat milk were inhibitory to phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) isolated from blood, and to determine if variation existed among goats in the ability of PMN to phagocytose and in the ability of milk whey to support phagocytosis. Milk and blood were obtained from six goats. Serum, skimmed milk and milk whey was prepared by centrifugation. In the presence of either serum, whole milk, skimmed milk or milk whey, PMN were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Staphylococcus aureus in a 1:20 ratio. Phagocytosis of S. aureus was determined by flow cytometry. Both pooled serum and pooled whey had a concentration-dependent effect on PMN phagocytosis (P < 0.01). In the presence of pooled serum, whole milk but not skimmed milk reduced (P < 0.01) phagocytosis when compared to serum and whey. Differences existed (P < 0.01) among goats in the ability of PMN to phagocytose and in the ability of milk whey to support phagocytosis. The inhibition of PMN phagocytosis by fat globules could contribute to susceptibility to intramammary infection by mastitis pathogens. Variation among goats in PMN phagocytosis and in mammary secretions to support phagocytosis may contribute to differences among goats in resistance to mastitis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mpaape@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.11.010 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 845NL UT WOS:000223251500003 ER PT J AU Animut, G Goetsch, AL Estell, RE Merkel, RC Dawson, LJ Sahlu, T Puchala, R AF Animut, G Goetsch, AL Estell, RE Merkel, RC Dawson, LJ Sahlu, T Puchala, R TI Effects of methods of exposure to Eastern red cedar foliage on cedar consumption by Boer crossbred wether goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE goats; eastern red cedar; feed intake ID ALFALFA PELLETS; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; SHEEP; DEER; JUNIPER; OIL; DETOXIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; EXPERIENCE AB Twenty-four Boer crossbred yearling wethers(23.5 +/- 2.31 kg initial BW) were used to determine effects of stepwise increases in dietary level of Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) foliage (CF), compared with a constant relatively high level and subsequent availability of low-quality forage, on present and later consumption of CF. Animals were penned individually in Phases 1 (8 week) and 3 (2 week), and during Phase 2 (6 week) wethers were kept in a pasture not containing cedar trees and were fed wheat hay. In Phase 1 a concentrate-based diet (CBD, 12.6% CP and 35.5% NDF) was offered at approximately 85% of the maintenance energy requirement alone (Control) or with weekly stepwise (Step) increases in level of substitution of CF for CBD (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% in week 1-8, respectively; DM basis) or substitution of 25% CF in week 2-8 (Set). In Phase 3 (2 week), all wethers were offered the diet of 75% CBD and 25% CF as previously, without or with separate free-choice access to low-quality grass hay. CF was harvested weekly, refrigerated and hand-mixed with CBD prior to feeding. In Phase 1, intake of CF as a percentage of that offered was greater (P < 0.05) for Step versus Set in week 2-8 (week 2: 84 and 68; week 3: 86 and 48; week 4: 89 and 56; week 5: 90 and 7 1; week 6: 96 and 8 1; week 7: 93 and 63; week 8: 96 and 84), although CF intake as g per day was greater (P < 0.05) for Set versus Step in all but week 7 and 8. In Phase 3, CBD intake was similar among treatments, and hay intake when offered averaged 149, 134 and 124 g per day for Step, Set and Control, respectively. For wethers not receiving hay, CF intake as g per day for Step was greatest among treatments (P < 0.05) but was not different from treatments with offered hay (67, 37, 30, 55, 53 and 56 g per day for Step, Set and Control without and with hay, respectively; S.E. = 7.1). Similarly, CF intake as a percentage of that offered ranked (P < 0.05) Step > Set > Control without hay, but was not different between Step without hay and treatments with hay (78, 41, 34, 61, 57 and 60% for Step, Set and Control without and with hay, respectively; S.E. = 7.6). Concentrations of various blood constituents at the end of Phases 1 and 3 did not indicate adverse health effects of CF consumption. In conclusion, gradual increases in dietary level of CF deserve further research as a potential means to elevate present and future CF consumption, with attention also directed to effects of type and level of other feedstuffs offered. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, POB 730, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.11.006 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 845NL UT WOS:000223251500005 ER PT J AU Loranger, GI Pregitzer, KS King, JS AF Loranger, GI Pregitzer, KS King, JS TI Elevated CO2 and O-3t concentrations differentially affect selected groups of the fauna in temperate forest soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arthropods; elevated CO2; FACE technology; global change; northern forests; ozone ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; VARYING N AVAILABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TREMBLING ASPEN; LITTER; OZONE; DECOMPOSITION; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; CHEMISTRY AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may change soil fauna abundance. How increase of tropospheric ozone (O-3t) concentration will modify these responses is still unknown. We have assessed independent and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and [O-3t] on selected groups of soil fauna. The experimental design is a factorial arrangement of elevated [CO2] and [O-3t] treatments, applied using Free-Air CO2 Enrichment technology to 30 m diameter rings, with all treatments replicated three times. Within each ring, three communities were established consisting of: (1) trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) (2) trembling aspen and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and (3) trembling aspen. After 4 yr of stand development, soil fauna were extracted in each ring. Compared to the control, abundance of total soil fauna, Collembola and Acari decreased significantly under elevated [CO2] (-69, -79 and -70%, respectively). Abundance of Acari decreased significantly under elevated [O-3t] (-47%). Soil fauna abundance was similar to the control under the combination of elevated [CO2 + O-3t]. The individual negative effects of elevated [CO2] and elevated [O-3t] are negated upon exposure to both gases. We conclude that soil fauna communities will change under elevated [CO2] and elevated [O-3t] in ways that cannot be predicted or explained from the exposure of ecosystems to each gas individually. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, N Cent Expt Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Loranger, GI (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, UMR BIOSOL, IRD, 32 Ave Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France. EM gladys.loranger@bondy.ird.fr NR 24 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1521 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.022 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 843NH UT WOS:000223090100018 ER PT J AU Aide, M Pavich, Z Lilly, ME Thornton, R Kingery, W AF Aide, M Pavich, Z Lilly, ME Thornton, R Kingery, W TI Plinthite formation in the coastal plain region of Mississippi SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plinthite; zones of Fe-accumulation; ferrolysis; scandium ID IRON-OXIDES; MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES; SEASONAL SATURATION; SOIL; PROFILES; MORPHOLOGY; KAOLINITE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Plinthite is a redoximorphic feature of many highly weathered soils and is considered to be an iron-rich and humus-poor pedogenic product that hardens irreversibly on exposure to sunlight. Soil conditions and the pedogenic processes responsible for plinthite formation are understood only within a general framework, lacking a minimum set of the conditions necessary and sufficient to predict which soils contain plinthite. Four plinthite-bearing pedons are described, classified, and analyzed to determine their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. in addition, detailed elemental analysis of the whole soil, clay fraction, plinthite nodules, and excised zones of Fe-accumulation and Fe-depletion was performed to estimate if Fe and Sc may be depleted or accumulated preferentially in these fractions. Iron, preferentially associated with the clay fraction, accumulated in the illuvial horizons as a result of the clay eluviation-illuviation processes. Iron is also preferentially incorporated into zones of Fe-accumulation, including plinthite nodules; however, Sc does not segregate between zones of Fe-accumulation and Fe-depletion. The concentration divergence of Fe and Sc suggests that plinthite is primarily an oxidation-reduction process involving diffusion processes. Plinthite formation occurs in conjunction with Btx horizon degradation and in a zone of Fe-accumulation having a firm to very firm consistency. C1 SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Geosci, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. USDA, NRCS, Jackson, MS 39269 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Aide, M (reprint author), SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1 Univ Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. EM mtaide@semo.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 169 IS 9 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000142636.77482.e0 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 858IP UT WOS:000224185800001 ER PT J AU Ma, QL Rahman, A James, TK Holland, PT McNaughton, DE Rojas, KW Ahuja, LR AF Ma, QL Rahman, A James, TK Holland, PT McNaughton, DE Rojas, KW Ahuja, LR TI Modeling the fate of acetochlor and terbuthylazine in the field using the Root Zone Water Quality Model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE DISSIPATION; BROMIDE BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION-MODEL; BARE SOIL; PREDICTIONS; RZWQM; PERSISTENCE; PESTICIDE; MOVEMENT; SURFACE AB Data collected from a 3-yr controlled field study in Hamilton, New Zealand were used to examine whether the Root Zone Water Quality Model is capable of predicting water movement and pesticide fate in the field based on key lab-measured parameters and environmental variables. Acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl) acetamide; 2.5 and 5.0 kg a.i. ha(-1)] and terbuthylazine (C9H16CIN5; 1.5 and 3.0 kg a.i. ha(-1)) were applied onto nine field plots (3 by 9 m each). Soil core samples were taken to a depth of I m to determine soil water contents and pesticide concentrations. Dissipation of both pesticides in the field at both application rates followed first-order kinetics (adjusted r(2) > 0.91). The mean dissipation half-life was 16 d for acetochlor and 25 d for terbuthylazine. Relatively small amounts of the pesticides leached below 5 cm and none leached below 10 cm. Predicted soil water contents in the soil profile were not significantly different from those measured in the field (p > 0.84). Predicted acetochlor and terbuthylazine masses in the soil profile based on a linear instantaneous-equilibrium (I-E) partitioning model matched those measured in the field (adjusted r(2) > 0.93). However, predicted pesticide concentrations in the soil profile were less satisfactory, with 68 and 35% of the predicted concentrations being within a factor of 2 of the measured concentrations for 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm depths, respectively. Calibration of each pesticide sensitive parameter individually did not significantly improve the overall predictions of pesticide mass and concentrations in the soil profile when the I-E partitioning model was used. The predictions were improved when a two-site, equilibrium-kinetic (E-K) sorption model was used. C1 Environm & Turf Serv Inc, Wheaton, MD 20902 USA. Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, HortRes, AgRes, Hamilton, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ma, QL (reprint author), Environm & Turf Serv Inc, 11141 Georgia Ave, Wheaton, MD 20902 USA. EM qinglima@aol.com NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1491 EP 1500 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500003 ER PT J AU Chandler, DG Seyfried, M Murdock, M McNamara, JP AF Chandler, DG Seyfried, M Murdock, M McNamara, JP TI Field calibration of water content reflectometers SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL; SENSOR; TEMPERATURE AB Field monitoring of volumetric soil water content (VWC) is critical for a variety of applications. Recently developed electronic soil water sensors provide a relatively inexpensive monitoring option. However, the calibration of these sensors is more sensitive to variations in soil properties than for time domain reflectometry (TDR), which is generally regarded as the best electronic means of VWC measurement and which has a relatively robust calibration. Field calibration incorporates the effects of within-profile and between-site soil variations and individual variability on sensor response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using TDR to field-calibrate the Campbell Scientific water content reflectometer (WCR), or CS-615, which is an example of a newly developed sensor in widespread use. We found that (i) there was a strong, linear correlation between the WCR-measured period and TDR-measured VWC; (ii) the WCR calibration varied with soil type; (iii) calibration of individual sensors resulted in excellent agreement between TDR and the WCR measurements; and (iv) calibration resulted in improved description of soil water dynamics and improved precision of VWC estimates. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83723 USA. RP Chandler, DG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM david.chandler@usu.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013; McNamara, James/F-1993-2011 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892; NR 15 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1507 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500004 ER PT J AU Lebron, I Robinson, DA Goldberg, S Lesch, SM AF Lebron, I Robinson, DA Goldberg, S Lesch, SM TI The dielectric permittivity of calcite and arid zone soils with carbonate minerals SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; WATER CONTENT; PRECIPITATION; 25-DEGREES-C; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; DEFECTS; MODEL; P-CO2 AB Measurement of soil dielectric properties, epsilon are widely used to estimate water content in soils from remote sensing and from in situ soil sensors such as time domain reflectometry (TDR). The mineral permittivity also plays an important role in geochemical dissolution and precipitation. Models used to estimate water content from soils often assume a value of 5 for the mineral permittivity epsilon(s). However, calcite (CaCO3), a major constituent of some and and semi-arid soils, has a permittivity of 8 to 9, nearly twice the permittivity of quartz (epsilon(s) = 4.6). We studied four soils, with micaceous mineralogy, but with two soils having approximately 40% calcite. We also measured the permittivity of Iceland Spar calcite (epsilon(s) = 9.1) and a microcrystalline calcite (epsilon(s) = 8.3), and use atomistic modeling to account for differences in permittivity based on the crystal density. We found permittivities for our soils to be in the range of 5.8 to 6.6, higher calcite contents resulting in increased permittivity. The estimated permittivity of the calcite in the soils was 7.4 to 7.9, lower than the highly crystalline samples. We estimate, for a soil with a porosity of 0.5 that assuming a permittivity of 5 instead of 6.6 will result in an overestimation of water content of about 1% at saturation. This demonstrates that a large quantity of pedogenic calcite (40%) in soil is unlikely to cause substantial error in the determination of water content using standard calibration equations. However, the lower dielectric permittivity predicted for pedogenic calcite may have consequences for the interpretation and understanding of geochemical processes. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soils & Biometerol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lebron, I (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plant Soils & Biometerol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM inma_lebron@yahoo.com RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1549 EP 1559 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500009 ER PT J AU Logsdon, S Laird, D AF Logsdon, S Laird, D TI Cation and water content effects on dipole rotation activation energy of smectites SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; SOILS; CONDUCTIVITY; POLARIZATION; MONTMORILLONITE; SPECTROSCOPY; PERMITTIVITY; SPECTRA AB In soil science, single frequency permittivity measurements are used to determine soil water content, and single frequency bulk electrical conductivity is used to determine soil salinity. The accuracy of these measurements may be influenced by complex interactions between frequency, temperature, and water that is tightly bound to clay surfaces. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of temperature, saturating cation, water content, smectite properties, and frequency on electrical properties of humidified clays by analyzing three different activation energies for dipole rotations, which are calculated from the temperature dependence of electrical properties. Four reference smectites saturated with K, Na, Ca, and Mg and equilibrated at relative humidities ranging from 56 to 99% were investigated over a frequency range from 3 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(9) Hz. Two of the three activation energies were found to decrease slightly as water content increased. Higher activation energies were found for smectites saturated with Mg and K and lower values for smectites saturated with Na and Ca. Trends for type of clay were variable but appeared to be influenced by both the total water content and the distribution of water between the interlayers and the external surfaces of the smectite quasi-crystals. Changes in quasi-crystal orientation induced by thermal cycling were also found to influence the activation energies. The results indicate complex frequency and temperature dependent interactions impact electrical properties of the clays. We conclude that no simple equation will correct for temperature and clay content effects on single frequency measurements of permittivity or bulk electrical conductivity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1591 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500013 ER PT J AU Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Van Kessel, JAS Reeves, JB AF Calderon, FJ McCarty, GW Van Kessel, JAS Reeves, JB TI Carbon and nitrogen dynamics during incubation of manured soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CATTLE SLURRY; DAIRY MANURES; MINERALIZATION; DENITRIFICATION; IMMOBILIZATION; NITRATE; STORAGE; AMMONIA AB Denitrification N losses during manure net mineralizable N assays may lead to miscalculation of the manure's N-supplying capacity. In this study we measured denitrification, manure properties, gas fluxes, nutrient pools, and mineralizable N during laboratory incubation of manured soil. Different dairy manures (n = 107) were added to soil at a rate of 0.1 mg N g(-1). Manured and control soils were incubated and sampled weekly for soil mineral N, CO2 flux, and N2O flux. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured at the end of the experiment. Weekly N2O and CO2 production increased in the manured soils during the first 3 wk of incubation. There was a positive correlation between added manure C and cumulative CO2 production. Nitrate content increased in all soils throughout the 6-wk period, but the increase was more marked in the manured soils. In most manured soils, ammonium concentration was initially high then declined rapidly during the first 2 wk. This high net NH4+ decline in the manured soils suggests that N was immobilized during the incubation. Microbial biomass N should be determined during manure mineralization assays to account for all potential manure N sinks. No correlation existed between DEA and N pools or gas fluxes in the manured soils. Manures with negative N mineralization had an average C/N of 19.0, while manures with positive N mineralization had an average C/N of 16.0. On average, denitrification accounted for approximately 5% of the added manure N. Higher proportions of denitrified N were observed in some manures, supporting our hypothesis that N losses through denitrification may be significant in manure mineralizable N assays. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA, ANRI, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Calderon, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Area, 40335 Rd, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Francisco.Calderon@npa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1592 EP 1599 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500014 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE Thompson, AL AF Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE Thompson, AL TI Grass barrier and vegetative filter strip effectiveness in reducing runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loss SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFER; SOIL LOSS; HEDGES; TRANSPORT; EROSION; PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; REMOVAL; DESIGN AB Addition of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) barriers to vegetative filter strips (FS) shows potential as conservation practice. This study evaluates the comparative effectiveness of three conservation practices in reducing runoff, sediment, N, and P losses from 1.5- by 16-m plots on an Aeric Epiaqualf. Three practices compared are a traditional fescue (Festuca arundinacea) filter strip (Fescue-FS), a switchgrass barrier in combination with the Fescue-FS (B-Fescue-FS) and a switchgrass barrier in combination with a native grass and forbs species filter strip (B-Native-FS). This study also predicts transport of sediment, N, and P in Fescue-FS and B-Fescue-FS. Fescue-FS and B-Fescue-FS of equal widths (0.7 m) significantly reduced runoff and sediment transport as compared with a continuous cultivated fallow (CCF) treatment, but B-Fescue-FS was more effective for reducing runoff (p < 0.05) and sediment (p < 0.01) transport. B-Fescue-FS was also more effective than Fescue-FS for reducing losses of organic N, NO3-N, NH4-N, particulate P, and PO4-P (p < 0.01). Fescue-FS and B-Native-FS were equally effective for reducing runoff, sediment, and nutrient loss. Effectiveness of FS increased with distance with 18% of runoff, 92% of sediment, and 71% of nutrient leaving the source area being reduced in the first 4 m of the FS. An equation to predict sediment associated with runoff ponding above barriers explained approximately 70% of the variability between measured and predicted values of sediment, organic N, and particulate P transport. Combination of switchgrass barriers with FS is an effective alternative to Fescue-FS alone for reducing sediment and nutrients in runoff. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu NR 35 TC 99 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 60 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1670 EP 1678 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500023 ER PT J AU Hussein, AH Rabenhorst, MC Tucker, ML AF Hussein, AH Rabenhorst, MC Tucker, ML TI Modeling of carbon sequestration in coastal marsh soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS SOILS; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ORGANIC-CARBON; SEA-LEVEL; TOPOGRAPHIC RELATIONS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; ACCRETION; MINERALIZATION; AGRICULTURE AB Two transects were established across submerging coastal landscapes in Dorchester County, Maryland. Extensive sampling protocol was performed along the submerging upland tidal marsh soils to model C sequestration. Coastal marsh soils are accreting vertically and migrating laterally over the low-lying forest soils to keep pace with sealevel rise. The predictive C sequestration model was a two-step linear function. Therefore, C sequestration will continue to occur by accumulation in the organic horizons and sea-level rise is the driving force. During the last 150 yr, the rate of C sequestration averaged 83.5 +/- 23 g m(-2) yr(-1). Before the last few hundred years, the predicted longterm rate of C sequestration averaged 29.2 +/- 5.35 g m(-2) yr(-1). Sampling protocol and model validation ascertain the validity of the model and placed 80% confidence and 10% accuracy on rates of C sequestration and the predictive model. The model indicated that coastal marsh soils have higher C storage capacity than upland forest soils, and soils in the Cumulic subgroup of Mollisols. In general, C storage in mineral soils tends to reach a steady-state condition, whereas C sequestration in coastal marsh soils is a continuous phenomenon. During the next century, future C sequestration in the newly formed coastal marsh soils averaged 400 +/- 162 g m(-2) yr(-1). Modeling C sequestration in coastal marsh ecosystems indicated that C storage under positive accretionary balance acts as a negative feedback mechanism to global warming. C1 Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Resource Sci & LA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA FAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hussein, AH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Resource Sci & LA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pedon@dnamail.com NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1786 EP 1795 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 853HI UT WOS:000223817500037 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Phillips, PA AF Yee, WL Phillips, PA TI Differential mortality of natural enemies exposed to avocado leaves treated with malathion bait spray during a Mediterranean fruit fly eradication program SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RED SCALE; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY; PARASITOIDS; CARNEA; INSECTICIDES; DIASPIDIDAE; CHRYSOPIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; NEUROPTERA AB Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Ventura County, California, U.S.A., in 1994 triggered an eradication program that involved aerial malathion bait (corn syrup) sprays applied on avocado orchards. The impacts of the sprays on representative beneficial species during the entire eradication program were studied. The abundance of phytoseiid mites, Eusieus hibisci (Chant), in the field was not affected by the bait sprays. Laboratory bioassays of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach exposed to leaves sprayed during the program indicated it was highly susceptible to spray residues, especially on exposed, outer canopy leaves. Bioassays of larval and adult lacewings, Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister, exposed to leaves indicated larvae were less susceptible than adults. Adults were moderately susceptible to residues on outer canopy but not on inner canopy leaves. The results suggest the spray program caused differences in mortality of natural enemies and their life stages and that malathion residue levels affecting these differences were dependent on canopy location. C1 Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 867VL UT WOS:000224870500002 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Lysyk, TJ Kalischuk-Tymensen, L AF Guerrero, FD Lysyk, TJ Kalischuk-Tymensen, L TI Expressed sequence tags and new gene coding regions from the horn fly SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; IRRITANS L DIPTERA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; PROTEIN-KINASE; CDC2-RELATED KINASE; CELL-CYCLE; RESISTANCE; MUSCIDAE; FLIES; IDENTIFICATION AB We have used the expressed sequence tag (EST) approach to isolate new gene coding regions from the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Seventy four unique ESTs and one complete open reading frame were sequenced from genes not previously identified in horn flies and recorded in the databases of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Fifteen ESTs are from genes involved in metabolism, ten ESTs are from structural proteins, and 20 ESTs are from genes involved in other functions, including storage, heat shock response and transcription. Five of the ESTs have similarity to members of gene families involved in resistance to pesticides. The entire coding region from a gene involved in cell cycle regulation was obtained and the mRNA encoding the protein found to be highly expressed in early embryonic and pupal stages of the fly. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 193 EP 208 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 867VL UT WOS:000224870500004 ER PT J AU Shirali, S Zhang, AJ AF Shirali, S Zhang, AJ TI Enantioselective synthesis of (R)-2-methylalkanoic acids: A convenient approach to alpha-substituted chiral carboxylic acid derivatives SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alkylation; chiral; enantioselctive; lithium hydroperoxide ID PRACTICAL ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACIDS; DIASTEREOSELECTIVE ALKYLATION; RING EXPANSION; REAGENTS; RESOLUTION AB Racemization-free deacylation of N-acylimidazolidine-2-ones using lithium hydroperoxide affords the corresponding a-substituted chiral carboxylic acids in high yield while permitting recovery of the chiral auxiliary. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 18 BP 3435 EP 3441 DI 10.1081/SCC-200030650 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 861CA UT WOS:000224392500022 ER PT J AU Morse, AM Nelson, CD Covert, SF Holliday, AG Smith, KE Davis, JM AF Morse, AM Nelson, CD Covert, SF Holliday, AG Smith, KE Davis, JM TI Pine genes regulated by the necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium circinatum SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; FUSIFORM RUST GALLS; PITCH CANKER FUNGUS; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS; CHITINASE GENE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SLASH PINE; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS AB A targeted genomics approach was used to construct a cDNA array of potential pathogen-regulated genes for investigating host pathogen interactions in pine trees (Pinus species). This array, containing a nonredundant set of 311 cDNAs, was assembled by combining smaller sets of cDNAs generated by differential display or suppression subtraction hybridization using a variety of pathogen treatments and elicitors. The array was probed to identify host genes regulated by Fusarium circinatum, a necrotrophic fungus that incites pitch canker disease on pine stems. A set of 29 cDNAs were induced during the disease state. Notably, cDNAs on the array that were derived from experiments with fusiform rust, incited by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme (a biotrophic fungus) were unregulated by Fusarium. The results imply distinct genetic responses in pine to diseases incited by necrotrophs and biotrophs. This cDNA collection expands the genomics toolkit for understanding interactions between conifers and their microbial associates in forest ecosystems. C1 Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jmdavis@ufl.edu NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 922 EP 932 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1719-4 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 862YV UT WOS:000224528300004 PM 15221139 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Yang, X Cavaletto, JR Hu, X Buechley, G Ohm, HW Shaner, G Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, TB Yang, X Cavaletto, JR Hu, X Buechley, G Ohm, HW Shaner, G Goodwin, SB TI Molecular mapping of Stb1, a potentially durable gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SPECKLED LEAF BLOTCH; RED WINTER-WHEAT; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; DWARFING GENES; RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGEN; INHERITANCE; CHROMOSOME AB Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici), was the most destructive disease of wheat in Indiana and adjacent states before deployment of the resistance gene Stb1 during the early 1970s. Since then, Stb1 has provided durable protection against STB in widely grown wheat cultivars. However, its chromosomal location and allelic relationships to most other STB genes are not known, so the molecular mapping of Stb1 is of great interest. Genetic analyses and molecular mapping were performed for two mapping populations. A total of 148 F-1 plants (mapping population I) were derived from a three-way cross between the resistant line P881072-75-1 and the susceptible lines P881072-75-2 and Monon, and 106 F-6 recombinant-inbred lines (mapping population II) were developed from a cross between the resistant line 72626E2-12-9-1 and the susceptible cultivar Arthur. Bulked-segregant analysis with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers was conducted to identify those that were putatively linked to the Stb1 gene. Segregation analyses confirmed that a single dominant gene controls the resistance to M. graminicola in each mapping population. Two RAPD markers, G7(1200) and H19(520), were tightly linked to Stb1 in wheat line P881072-75-1 at distances of less than 0.68 cM and 1.4 cM, respectively. In mapping population II, the most closely linked marker was SSR Xbarc74, which was 2.8 cM proximal to Stb1 on chromosome 5BL. Microsatellite loci Xgwm335 and Xgwm213 also were proximal to Stb1 at distances of 7.4 cM and 8.3 cM, respectively. The flanking AFLP marker, EcoRI-AGC/MseI-CTA-1, was 8.4 cM distal to Stb1. The two RAPD markers, G71200 and H19520, and AFLP ECORI-AGC/MseI-CTA-1, were cloned and sequenced for conversion into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Only RAPD allele H19(520) could be converted successfully, and none of the SCAR markers was diagnostic for the Stb1 locus. Analysis of SSR and the original RAPD primers on several 5BL deletion stocks positioned the Stb1 locus in the region delineated by chromosome breakpoints at fraction lengths 0.59 and 0.75. The molecular markers tightly linked to Stb1 could be useful for marker-assisted selection and for pyramiding of Stb1 with other genes for resistance to M. graminicola in wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sgoodwin@purdue.edu OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 NR 50 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 109 IS 5 BP 944 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1709-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 862YV UT WOS:000224528300006 PM 15490099 ER PT J AU Bakhsh, A Ma, L Ahuja, LR Hatfield, JL Kanwar, RS AF Bakhsh, A Ma, L Ahuja, LR Hatfield, JL Kanwar, RS TI Using RZWQM to predict herbicide leaching losses in subsurface drainage water SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE herbicides; RZWQM; subsurface drainage; water quality ID QUALITY MODEL; TILE DRAINS; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDE; CORN; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; GLEAMS; FIELD AB Improvements have been made in the pesticide component of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) since its release in 1999 for the Management System Evaluation Areas (MSEA) project. This study was designed to evaluate the herbicide leaching component of the model using data on subsurface drainage flow and herbicide leaching losses for a 6-year (1992 to 1997) period. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for the key parameters important in the pesticide calibration process. The model was calibrated using 1992 data and validated using 1993 to 1997 data collected from a the-drained field within the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa. The model evaluation criterion was based on percent difference between the predicted and measured data (%D), root mean square error (RMSE), and model efficiency (EF). Atrazine and metolachlor were applied to corn in 1993, 1995, and 1997, and metribuzin was used during the soybean growing seasons in 1992, 1994, and 1996 at the standard application rates used in Iowa. The predicted subsurface drainage volumes were in close agreement with the measured data showing %D = 1, RMSE = 8, and EF = 0.99, when averaged over the validation years. Herbicide half-life (t(1/2)) and soil organic based partitioning coefficient (K-oc) were found to be the most sensitive parameters for simulating herbicide leaching losses in subsurface drainage water Both t(1/2) and Koc affected the mass and temporal distribution of the herbicide leaching losses in subsurface drainage flows. The predicted herbicide leaching losses in subsurface drainage water were the same order of magnitude as the measured data, when averaged across the validation years. The study also revealed that herbicide leaching losses were significantly (P < 0.05) controlled by the drainage volume (R-2 = 0.97). The model, however underpredicted herbicide leaching losses after crop harvest and during early spring, possibly because of preferential flow paths developed during these periods. More improvements may be needed in the RZWQM to consider the dynamics of the preferential flow paths development in cultivated soils similar to that of the study area. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kanwar, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 102 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rskanwar@iastate.edu NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1426 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700003 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Shipitalo, MJ Meek, DW AF Malone, RW Shipitalo, MJ Meek, DW TI Relationship between herbicide concentration in percolate, percolate breakthrough time, and number of active macropores SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE alachlor; atrazine; herbicide leaching; multiple parameter regression; preferential flow; RZWQM ID NO-TILL SOIL; SURFACE-APPLIED CHEMICALS; SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; TRANSPORT; WATER; PESTICIDE; IMPACT; MOVEMENT AB Identification of the major factors affecting herbicide transport through macropores improves our understanding of preferential flow and aids in the development and use of macropore-flow models, such as the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). Recent research suggests that macropore-flow breakthrough time (bt) and the number of percolate-producing macropores (nmacro) affect herbicide concentration in percolate (hc). Therefore, we investigated the effect of bt and nmacro on hc during the first storm after herbicide application using multiple regression and partial correlation. Observed data were from five different leaching experiments that included five soil series and two tillage types (no-till and moldboard plow). Multiple regression was used to develop a model to predict herbicide concentration (hc) in preferential flow at 30 cm during the first rainfall after application using data from the five studies. The ln(hc) in macropore flow at 30 cm was related to bt (min) at 30 cm, ln(nmacro) at 30 cm, herbicide type (alachlor or atrazine), and herbicide application rate (R-2 = 0.96). Partial correlation confirmed the relationship between ln(hc) and bt (P < 0.0001; r = -0.77) and ln(nmacro) (P < 0.0001; r = -0.46). A single-variable sensitivity analysis on the regression equation suggested that the observed range of bt (1.4 to 25 min) results in an eight-fold change in atrazine concentration (4.0 to 0.48 mg L-1). Clearly, breakthrough time during the first storm after application affects herbicide transport. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM malone@nstl.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1456 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700007 ER PT J AU King, KW Harmel, RD AF King, KW Harmel, RD TI Comparison of time-based sampling strategies to determine nitrogen loading in plot-scale runoff SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE Bermuda grass; concentration; monitoring; water quality ID TRANSPORT AB Water quality loadings are generally calculated without knowledge of the relationship of the calculated loads to the total loads. A laboratory runoff study was designed and conducted to compare total loads with loads calculated from time-based sampling strategies. Total loads were measured by capturing all the runoff from 2.2 m(2) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) sod plots with 5% slope and analyzing for NO3+NO2-N and NH4-N. Runoff samples were also manually collected on 1 min intervals during 2 h overland flow events. Total loads were compared to time-discrete and time-composite sampling strategies. The strategies included time-discrete sampling at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min and composite sampling that included 2, 3, 4, and 5 aliquots per composite sample based on the same time-discrete intervals. In addition, loads were also calculated from a composite sample derived from aliquots collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 min intervals. The calculated load of NO3+NO2-N and NH4-N was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from the total load when using time-discrete sampling at 1, 2, or 3 min time intervals. No significant difference (alpha = 0.05)from the total load was found when using a composite approach with 2, 3, 4, or 5 aliquots collected at 1, 2, or 3 min time intervals or when using a composite sample with aliquots collected on a 1 min interval. To preserve the total load from plot-scale studies, more intensive sampling is required. The results from this study will facilitate the selection of time-based sampling strategies for plot-scale studies. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Syst Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM king.220@osu.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1463 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700008 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Schneider, AD Evett, SR Howell, TA AF Colaizzi, PD Schneider, AD Evett, SR Howell, TA TI Comparison of SDI, LEPA, and spray irrigation performance for grain sorghum SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE grain; LEPA; microirrigation; sorghum; sprinkler irrigation; subsurface drip irrigation ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; YIELD RELATIONSHIPS; LIMITED IRRIGATION; WINTER-WHEAT; CORN; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SYSTEM AB Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), low-energy precision application (LEPA), and spray irrigation can be very efficient by minimizing water losses, but relative performance may vary for different irrigation system capacities, soils, crops, and climates. A three-year study was conducted at Bushland, Texas, in the Southern High Plains to compare SDI, LEPA, and spray irrigation for grain sorghum on a slowly permeable Pullman clay loam soil. Performance measures were grain yield, seed mass, soil water depletion, seasonal water use, water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Each irrigation method was compared at five irrigation levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration. The irrigation levels simulated varying well capacities typically found in the region and dryland conditions. In all three years, SDI had greater yield, WUE, and IWUE than other irrigation methods at the 50% irrigation level and especially at the 25% level, whereas spray outperformed SDI and LEPA at the 75% and 100% levels. Differences in seed mass, soil water depletion, and seasonal water use were usually insignificant at the 25% and 50% levels and inconsistent at the 75% and 100% levels. Performance was most sensitive to irrigation level, then year, and then irrigation method, although relative rankings of performance for each irrigation method within an irrigation level were consistent across years. For this climate and soil, SDI offers the greatest potential yield, WUE, and IWUE for grain sorghum when irrigation capacities are very low. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, POB Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pcolaizzi@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1477 EP 1492 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700010 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Batten, HL Arnold, JG AF Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM Batten, HL Arnold, JG TI Evaluation of the SWAT model on a coastal plain agricultural watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE hydrologic modeling; streamflow; watersheds ID STREAMFLOW; SIMULATION; SEDIMENT; WETLANDS; QUALITY; LOADS AB The Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) system was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to facilitate developing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one of the watershed-scale simulation models within BASINS. Because of the critical nature of the TMDL process, it is imperative that BASINS and SWAT be adequately validated for regions on which they are being applied. BASINS and SWAT were tested using six years of hydrologic data from a 22 km(2) subwatershed of the Little River in Georgia. Comparisons were made between water balance results obtained using high and low spatial resolution data as well as those obtained using default initial parameters versus those modified for existing groundwater conditions. In general, all scenarios simulated general trends in the observed flow data. However, for the years with lower precipitation, the total water yields simulated with the low spatial resolution data and the default initial conditions were overpredicted by up to 27% of the annual precipitation input. Total water yields simulated using the high spatial resolution input data were within 20% of the observed yields for each year of the assessment. Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies (E) for monthly total water yields were 0.80 using the high spatial resolution data with the modified initial conditions and 0.64 using the low spatial resolution data with the default initial conditions. While the model simulated general streamflow trends, discrepancies were observed between observed and simulated hydrograph peaks, time to peak, and hydrograph durations. A one-day time lag between the simulated and observed time to peak was the primary cause of large errors in daily flow simulations. Model modification and more extensive calibration may be necessary to increase the accuracy of the daily flow estimates for TMDL development. C1 USDA ARS, SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SEWRL, 2375 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov NR 30 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1506 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700011 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW Stone, KC AF Novak, JM Watts, DW Stone, KC TI Copper and zinc accumulation, profile distribution, and crop removal in coastal plain soils receiving long-term, intensive applications of swine manure SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE copper plant uptake; soil accumulation; swine manure effluent; zinc ID HEAVY-METALS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ORGANIC-MATTER; AVAILABILITY; TOXICITY; MOBILITY; LAGOON; BERMUDAGRASS; LIVESTOCK; IMPACTS AB Trace metals like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are added to animal feed as dietary supplements, and trace metals not assimilated by the animals gut are excreted in manure. The accumulation and movement of Cu and Zn in soils has not been as well documented when compared to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In cases where plant-available Cu and Zn concentrations accumulate to phytotoxic levels, yield may decline for sensitive crops. We investigated the accumulation of Cu and Zn in the topsoil (0 to 15 cm) and the soil profile (0 to 183 cm deep) and estimated uptake by Coastal Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) in a Coastal Plain spray field after 4 and 10 years of swine manure effluent application. Effluent was initially applied to a 1 ha portion of this field, which was later enlarged to 5 ha. Top and subsoil samples were collected at nearby control sites that received no swine manure. All soil samples were extracted using Mehlich 3 (M3) and double acid reagent for plant-available and total Cu and Zn concentrations. Comparison of trace metal concentrations in the topsoil after 4 and 10 years of effluent application with control soils showed that total Cu, and M3 and total Zn had accumulated. Mehlich 3 and total Cu and Zn accumulation rates both declined after an increase in sprayfield area and decrease in effluent application rates. In a 1 ha region of the field, total Cu and Zn concentration both increased between 45 and 90 cm deep after 4 years of effluent applications. Across the 5 ha field, higher subsoil total Cu concentrations relative to controls suggest that Cu leaching occurred; however, leaching of Zn into the total pool was not significant. Estimated times through Coastal Bermuda grass uptake to reduce topsoil M3 Zn concentrations to background levels ranged between 21 to 152 years. Results from this study show that after 10 years of swine manure effluent application, mean topsoil M3 Cu and Zn concentrations were far below concentrations considered phytotoxic to sensitive crops. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM novak@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1513 EP 1522 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700013 ER PT J AU Chu, TW Shirmohammadi, A Montas, H Sadeghi, A AF Chu, TW Shirmohammadi, A Montas, H Sadeghi, A TI Evaluation of the SWAT model's sediment and nutrient components in the piedmont physiographic region of Maryland SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; sediment; SWAT model; water quality; watershed scale ID WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN; SIMULATION AB Mathematical watershed-scale models are among the best tools available for analyzing water resources (quantity and quality) issues in spatially diverse watersheds since continuous water quality monitoring is expensive and spatially impractical in mixed land use watersheds. However models without appropriate validation may lead to misconceptions and erroneous predictions. This study used six years of hydrologic and water quality data to calibrate and validate the capability of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in assessing nonpoint source pollution for a 346 ha watershed in the Piedmont physiographic region. The evaluation of the hydrology component of SWAT completed in a previous study pointed out that SWAT has no mechanism to account for subsurface flow contributions from outside the watershed. For this evaluation, all nutrient loadings leaving the watershed were adjusted to subtract the chemical transport via subsurface flow contributions from outside the watershed. Evaluation results indicated a strong agreement between yearly measured and simulated data for sediment, nitrate, and soluble phosphorus loadings. However simulations of monthly sediment and nutrient loadings were poor. Overall, it was concluded that SWAT is a reasonable watershed-scale model for long-term simulation of different management scenarios. However its use on storm-by-storm or even on monthly basis may not be appropriate for watersheds with similar physiography and size. Additionally, ignoring the subsurface contribution of water and chemicals from outside the watershed into the watershed aquifer could cause significant errors in model prediction. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resouces Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Shirmohammadi, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resouces Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM as31@umail.umd.edu NR 43 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1523 EP 1538 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700014 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Shields, FD Temple, DM Langendoen, EJ AF Dabney, SM Shields, FD Temple, DM Langendoen, EJ TI Erosion processes in gullies modified by establishing grass hedges SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE buffers; erosion; runoff; soil conservation; vegetative barrier ID WATER; KENYA AB Concentrated flow can cause gully formation on sloping lands and in riparian zones of floodplains adjacent to incising stream channels. Current practice for riparian gully control involves blocking the gully with an earthen embankment and installing a pipe outlet. Measures involving native vegetation would be more attractive for habitat recovery and economic reasons. To test the hypothesis that switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) hedges planted at 0.5 m vertical intervals within a gully would control erosion, we established a series of hedges in several concentrated flow channels. Two of the channels were previously eroded trapezoidal channels cut into compacted fill in an outdoor laboratory. The other channels were located at the margin of floodplain fields adjacent to an incised stream channel (Little Topashaw Creek) in Chickasaw County, Mississippi. While vegetation was dormant following two growing seasons, we created artificial runoff events in our test gullies using synthetic trapezoidal-shaped hydrographs with peak discharge rates of approximately 0.03, 0.07, and 0.16 m(3) s(-1), flow rates similar to those observed during natural runoff events in gullies at Topashaw. During these tests, we monitored flow depth, velocity, turbidity, and soil pore water pressures. Flow depths were generally <0.3 m, and flow velocities varied spatially and exceeded 2.0 m s(-1) at the steepest points in some tests. Erosion rates remained modest for the conditions tested, as long as slopes were less than 3 horizontal to 1 vertical (33%) and step height between hedges was less than 0.5 in. Stability modeling of soil steps reinforced with switchgrass roots showed that cohesive forces were 3 times greater than shearing forces for 0.5 m step heights, and that therefore mass failure was unlikely even with the surcharge weight of a 0.2 m depth of ponded water For step heights greater than 1 in, however mass failure was observed and predicted to be the dominant erosion mechanism. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sdabney@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1571 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700016 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Stochastic simulation of storm occurrence, depth, duration, and within-storm intensities SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE disaggregation; drought; storm depth; storm duration; storm generator; storm simulation; storm synthesis; time between storms ID TIME DISTRIBUTION; RAINFALL; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; HYETOGRAPHS; GENERATION AB Newer watershed models require detailed continuous temporal precipitation to drive modeled hydrologic processes. The variability of precipitation inputs to models is a major source of variability in watershed flows that is often evaluated in the context of risks. However available short-term-increment rainfall data are not adequate. A storm-generator model (StormGen) that synthesizes storms directly (several storms per day to several days per storm) was developed and tested using precipitation data from Coshocton, Ohio. The concepts for modeling the four elements of actual storms (storm occurrence, storm duration and depth, and within-storm intensities) and storm-model characterization and parameterization using an empirical and statistical approach are presented. Supporting studies have been conducted to help with practical parameterization in ungauged areas. Times between storms (TBS) are represented and simulated well by exponential distributions. Storm durations are characterized by empirical distributions of durations in a month. Storm depths require conditional simulation given storm durations. Within-storm intensities utilize probabilistic information contained in Huff curves. Initial performance evaluation of three of the elements of the model for a 200-year simulation shows that the model works well. TBS was modeled best (monthly average deviation of -1.3%, with values ranging from -3.2% to 3.0%). Monthly average storm duration deviations ranged from -62% to +1.6% with an average of -1.3%. Monthly average storm depth deviations ranged from -17.1% to +0.1% with an average of -9.2%, although actual magnitudes ranged only from -2.2 to 0 mm. Average deviations between simulated and measured average monthly precipitation was +1.7%, ranging from -8.6% to +12.6%. Corresponding depth differences ranged from -10.0 to 10.8 mm, with an average of +0.5 mm. Total simulated precipitation for the entire period deviated from measured precipitation by +0.6%, corresponding to +0.5 mm. The Poisson assumption for statistical independence of storms in the model is validated using Coshocton data, with the ratio of average storm duration to average TBS of only 0.107. The results of this study suggest that the StormGen model is promising and that modeling concepts and characterization deserve further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1584 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700017 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Wolfe, ML Heatwole, CD AF Veith, TL Wolfe, ML Heatwole, CD TI Cost-effective BMP placement: Optimization versus targeting SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; geographic information system; nonpoint-source pollution; sediment delivery; spatial optimization; spatial placement; watershed management ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; POLLUTION AB Cost-effectiveness of nonpoint-source pollution reduction programs in an agricultural watershed depends on the selection and placement of control measures within the watershed. Locations for best management practices (BMPs) are commonly identified through targeting strategies that define locations for BMP implementation based on specific criteria uniformly applied across the watershed. The goal of this research was to determine if cost-effectiveness of BMP scenarios could be improved through optimization rather than targeting. The optimization procedure uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to search for the combination of site-specific practices that meets pollution reduction requirements, and then continues searching for the BMP combination that minimizes cost. Population size, replacement level, crossover, and mutation parameters for the GA were varied to determine the most efficient combination of values. A baseline scenario, a targeting strategy, and three optimization plans were applied to a 1014 ha agricultural watershed in Virginia. All three optimization plans identified BMP placement scenarios having lower cost than the targeting strategy solution for equivalent sediment reduction. The targeting strategy reduced average annual sediment loss compared to the baseline at a cost of $42 per kg sediment reduction/ha. The optimization plan with the same BMP choices achieved the same sediment reduction at a cost of $36 per kg/ha. Allocation of BMPs varied among optimization solutions, a possibility not available to the targeting strategy. In particular the optimization solutions placed BMPs on several stream-edge fields that did not receive BMPs in the targeting strategy. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Veith, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tamie.veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1594 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700018 ER PT J AU Pordesimo, LO Sokhansanj, S Edens, WC AF Pordesimo, LO Sokhansanj, S Edens, WC TI Moisture and yield of corn stover fractions before and after grain maturity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE biomass; corn; dry matter; dry matter partitioning; field drying; moisture; residue; stover; stover components; stover fractions; stover : grain ratio ID HARVEST; ENERGY; SEED; CUT AB Corn stover is a currently low-value product that has been suggested as an ideal pioneer cellulosic feedstock for conversion to chemicals and fuel because of its abundance and proximity to existing grain-to-ethanol conversion facilities. However corn stover is high in moisture at the time of grain harvest. High-moisture corn stover is difficult to handle, spoils readily, is prone to spontaneous combustion, and is a safety hazard when moldy; thus, field drying becomes an important consideration. Data on field moisture content, quantity, and quality of the corn plant fractions are essential to the on-going analysis of the stover supply system. This study involved monitoring the in-field dry down and biomass yield in two corn hybrids, Pioneer 32K61 and 32K64 (Bt), grown under southeastern U.S. conditions. The standing corn was sampled over a 109-day period that was started roughly a week before estimated grain physiological maturity until several weeks after the grain had reached harvest moisture. The two hybrids seemed to have no visual differences infield drying rates; hence, their data were pooled for analysis. The stalk fraction had the highest moisture over the study period, but by the end, 213 days after planting, all components of the corn plant reached nearly the same moisture content of 10% to 13% w.b. Moisture content of the stover could be estimated by doubling the grain moisture content when the grain moisture was between 18% and 31% w.b. After physiological maturity, the dry matter content of the stalk and husk fractions declined steadily. The leaf fraction mass sustained substantial losses (about 74%) very rapidly, mainly due to wind and rain damage. The amount of dry stover was about 50% of the total dry plant material over the monitoring period with stalks comprising 50% of the stover dry matter at the time grain was harvested. These data for Tennessee conditions (southeastern U. S.) support use of the convenient 1-to-1 rule of thumb for estimating stover dry matter from grain dry matter but strictly qualified to only when grain is at the typical harvest range of 30% to 18% moisture. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Pordesimo, LO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pordesil@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1597 EP 1603 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700019 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Casey, KD Xin, H Wheeler, EE Simmons, JD AF Gates, RS Casey, KD Xin, H Wheeler, EE Simmons, JD TI Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) design and calibration specifications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE controlled environment; emissions; instrumentation; livestock housing; poultry; ventilation AB A device for in-situ fan airflow measurement, known as the Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) device, previously developed and constructed at the USDA-ARS Southern Poultry Research Laboratory, was refined at University of Kentucky as part of a project for quantifying building emissions from mechanically ventilated poultry and livestock facilities. The FANS incorporates an array of five propeller anemometers to perform a real-time traverse of the airflow entering fans of tip to 137 cm (54 in.) diameter Details of the updated design, including hardware, software, and calibration methodology are presented. An error analysis of the flow rate, and calibration results from ten FANS units, is provided. Sufficient details of fabrication and calibration are presented so that interested readers can replicate a FANS for their use. Full design details are available at www.bae.uky.edu/IFAFS/FANS.htm. C1 Univ Kentucky, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Biosyst & Agr Engn Dept, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM gates@bae.uky.edu RI Casey, Kenneth/F-4409-2010; Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0003-0819-8376; Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 10 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1709 EP 1715 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700032 ER PT J AU Kim, I Kim, MS Chen, YR Kong, SG AF Kim, I Kim, MS Chen, YR Kong, SG TI Detection of skin tumors on chicken carcasses using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE classifier fluorescence imaging; hyperspectral image; skin tumor; spectral and spatial information; spectrum ID POULTRY CARCASSES; SYSTEM AB This article presents a method for detecting skin tumors on chicken carcasses using hyperspectral fluorescence imaging data, which provide fluorescence information in both spectral and spatial dimensions. Since these two kinds of information are complementary to each other it is necessary to exploit them in a synergistic manner Chicken carcasses are examined first using spectral information, and the results are used to determine candidate regions for skin tumors. Next, a spatial classifier selects the real tumor spots from the candidate regions. It was shown that the method detected chicken carcasses with tumors, but failed to detect some tumors that were smaller than 3 mm in diameter This study uncovered meaningful spectral bands for detecting tumors using hyperspectral imaging data. A detection system based on this method can improve the detection rate, and processing time can also be reduced, because the detection procedure is simplified by using a limited number of features, which reduces computational complexity. The resultant detection rate, false positive rate, and missing rate of the proposed method are 76%, 28%, and 24%, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Myongji Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303 BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1785 EP 1792 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700040 ER PT J AU Shuman, D Larson, RG Epsky, ND AF Shuman, D Larson, RG Epsky, ND TI A quantitative stored-product insect monitoring system using sensor output analog processing (SOAP) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE classification; datalogging; grain bin; infrared sensors; insect detection; monitoring; sensing; stored-product pests ID INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; COUNTER AB A system is described for automated monitoring of pest insects in stored products. It provides quantitative data indicative of the species of detected insects and is self-calibrating to maintain reliable operation across adverse external conditions, including environmental, biological, and aging. The system employs grain probes with infrared beam optoelectronic sensor units, each having a dedicated electronic circuit with a microcontroller programmed to collect, analyze, store, and transmit data from a signal pulse generated when an insect falls through its infrared beam. These data, transmitted back to a central computer in real-time, can be used to make infestation control decisions in an IPM program without the need for dangerous and labor-intensive scheduled bin entries. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Oplsyst Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Shuman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, 1700 SW 23 Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dshuman@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1857 EP 1864 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 869RV UT WOS:000225002700048 ER PT J AU Borer, CH Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ AF Borer, CH Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ TI Accretion, partitioning and sequestration of calcium and aluminum in red spruce foliage: implications for tree health SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid rain; Ca : Al; foliar extractions; membrane associated Ca (mCa); nutrient availability; Picea rubens ID MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CALCIUM; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PICEA-RUBENS SARG; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; OXALATE CRYSTALS; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; WHEAT CULTIVARS; FOREST-FLOOR; PLANTS; AL AB Calcium (Ca) is an essential macronutrient in plants and is an important component of many cellular structures and physiological processes as well as overall forest function. Aluminum (Al) in soil solution can inhibit Ca uptake by plants and disrupt many Ca-dependent metabolic and physiological processes of plants. The ratio of Ca to Al in soil solution can be an important indicator of forest health, especially on acid soils. We used sequential chemical extractions (water, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid) to assess the chemical availability of Ca and Al in foliage from mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees growing under ambient environmental conditions. In plants deficient in Ca and with intermediate total foliar Ca concentration ([Ca]), Ca preferentially accrued in labile and physiologically available forms (water- and acetic acid-extractable). In plants with total foliar [Ca] above a "sufficiency" threshold, Ca also accrued in a chemically sequestered form with low solubility (HCl-extractable), suggesting that Ca sequestration is an inducible process in response to excess foliar Ca. Because it has low solubility, it is likely that sequestered Ca is unavailable for Ca-dependent physiological processes. Immobilization of Al in foliage was related to Ca sequestration, suggesting that Ca sequestration may provide a passive mechanism for Al tolerance in the foliage of these trees. Aluminum immobilization was evident based on the ratio of HCl-extractable Al to the more labile (water- and acetic acid-extractable) forms of Al. Sufficient labile Ca combined with Al sequestration was associated with plant health, including enhanced foliar accretion of Mg and Mn, greater tree growth, enhanced foliar cold hardiness and reduced winter injury. These findings demonstrate that not all chemical forms of foliar Ca and Al are of equal physiological significance and underscore the importance of assessing the biologically significant element forms in biogeochemical research. C1 Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Borer, CH (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 80 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM cborer@uvm.edu NR 65 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9 BP 929 EP 939 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 854WJ UT WOS:000223934100001 PM 15234890 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Alonso, R Nguyen, T Cascio, C Dobrowolski, W AF Grulke, NE Alonso, R Nguyen, T Cascio, C Dobrowolski, W TI Stomata open at night in pole-sized and mature ponderosa pine: implications for O-3 exposure metrics SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone exposure; nighttime opening; stomatal conductance ID PICEA-ABIES L; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NORWAY SPRUCE NEEDLES; OZONE UPTAKE; EPICUTICULAR WAX; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; DIURNAL CHANGES; NITRIC-ACID; L KARST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) is widely distributed in the western USA. We report the lack of stomatal closure at night in early summer for ponderosa pine at two of three sites investigated. Trees at a third site with lower nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid exposure, but greater drought stress, had slightly open stomata at night in early summer but closed stomata at night for the rest of the summer. The three sites had similar background ozone exposure during the summer of measurement (2001). Nighttime stomatal conductance (g(s)) ranged from one tenth to one fifth that of maximum daytime values. In general, pole-sized trees (< 40 years old) had greater nighttime g(s) than mature trees (> 250 years old). In late summer, nighttime g(s) was low (< 3.0 mmol H2O m(-2) s(-1)) for both tree size classes at all sites. Measurable nighttime g, has also been reported in other conifers, but the values we observed were higher. In June, nighttime ozone (O-3) uptake accounted for 9, 5 and 3% of the total daily O-3 uptake of pole-sized trees from west to east across the San Bernardino Mountains. In late summer, O-3 uptake at night was < 2% of diel uptake at all sites. Nocturnal O-3 uptake may contribute to greater oxidant injury development, especially in pole-sized trees in early summer. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Florence, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us RI Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1001 EP 1010 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 854WJ UT WOS:000223934100008 PM 15234897 ER PT J AU Beck, MA Handy, J Levander, OA AF Beck, MA Handy, J Levander, OA TI Host nutritional status: the neglected virulence factor SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE; COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; NITRIC-OXIDE; IRON STATUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HIV-INFECTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; PATHOGENESIS; ENTEROVIRUS AB The emergence of new infectious diseases and old diseases with new pathogenic properties is a burgeoning worldwide problem. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are just two of the most widely reported recent emerging infectious diseases. What are the factors that contribute to the rapid evolution of viral species? Various hypotheses have been proposed, all involving opportunities for virus spread (for example, agricultural practices, climate changes, rainforest clearing or air travel). However, the nutritional status of the host, until recently, has not been considered a contributing factor to the emergence of infectious disease. In this review, we show that host nutritional status can influence not only the host response to the pathogen, but can also influence the genetic make-up of the viral genome. This latter finding markedly changes, our concept of host-pathogen interactions and creates a new paradigm for the study of such phenomena. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat & Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beck, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat & Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM melinda_beck@unc.edu NR 39 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 9 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2004.07.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 856BO UT WOS:000224018800006 PM 15337163 ER PT J AU Simko, I AF Simko, I TI One potato, two potato: haplotype association mapping in autotetraploids SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; TIGR GENE INDEXES; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; COMPLEX DISEASE; RESISTANCE; GENOME; FREQUENCIES; INFERENCE AB Potatoes are the world's most important vegetable and fourth most important food crop in terms of production. Breeders try to develop new cultivars that combine yield, quality and resistance to pests and diseases. Currently, the most common method for mapping plant genes involves generating populations derived from single crosses, but these detect only a small proportion of the alleles present in cultivated potato. Here, I describe the haplotype association mapping method, which allows the exploitation of biodiversity without developing new mapping populations. I propose developing a publicly available database holding genetic profiles of important genotypes (such as cultivars and advanced breeding lines), assessed with a common set of molecular markers. The genotypic profiles combined with accessible phenotypic information can then be used for testing association between markers and economically important traits. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM simkoi@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 9 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.07.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 858IL UT WOS:000224185400005 PM 15337494 ER PT J AU Sohn, EJ Paape, MJ Peters, RR Fetterer, RH Talbot, NC Bannerman, DD AF Sohn, EJ Paape, MJ Peters, RR Fetterer, RH Talbot, NC Bannerman, DD TI The production and characterization of anti-bovine CD14 monoclonal antibodies SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CD14; monoclonal antibodies; ELISA; LPS; mastitis ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LPS-BINDING-PROTEIN; SOLUBLE CD14; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HUMAN MONOCYTES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN; REDUCES SEVERITY; MAMMARY-GLAND; ENDOTOXIN AB To characterize further the chemical and biological properties of bovine soluble (bos) CD14, a panel of ten murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reactive with recombinant (r) bosCD14 were produced. A sandwich ELISA, using murine mAb and rabbit polyclonal antibodies reactive with rbosCD14 was developed. All the mAb were reactive by ELISA with baculovirus-derived rbosCD14 and they recognized rbosCD14 (40 kDa) by western blot analysis. The mAb also identified by western blot sCD14 (53 and 58 kDa) in milk and blood and sCD14 (47 kDa) in a lysate of macrophages obtained from involuted bovine mammary gland secretions. Analysis by ELISA of whey samples after intramammary injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mug) revealed increased sCD14 levels between 8 to 48 h after injection. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mAb bound to macrophages isolated from involuted mammary gland secretions and mouse macrophages but not to swine or horse monocytes. Addition of anti-rbosCD14 mAb to monocytes stimulated with LPS reduced in vitro production of TNF-alpha. The anti-rbosCD14 antibodies generated in this study will be useful in studying CD14, an accessory molecule that contributes to host innate recognition of bacterial cell wall components in mammary secretions produced during mastitis. C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mpaape@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1051/vetres:2004035 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 863TK UT WOS:000224585800008 PM 15369662 ER PT J AU Price, AJ Wilcut, JW Cranmer, JR AF Price, AJ Wilcut, JW Cranmer, JR TI Physiological behavior of root-absorbed flumioxazin in peanut, ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorption; translocation; metabolism ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; WEED MANAGEMENT; SULFENTRAZONE; PREEMERGENCE; HERBICIDES; TOLERANCE; SYSTEMS AB Previous research has shown that flumioxazin has the potential to cause peanut injury. In response to this concern, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of temperature on germination of flumioxazin-treated peanut seed and the effect of interval between flumioxazin application and irrigation on peanut emergence and injury. Laboratory experiments using C-14-flumioxazin were also conducted to investigate differential tolerance exhibited by peanut, ivyleaf morningglory, and sicklepod to flumioxazin. Flumioxazin treatments containing either water-dispersible granular or wettable powder formulation at 1.4 mumol L-1 did not influence germination compared with nontreated peanut across all temperature regimes (15 to 40 C). Peanut treated with either formulations of flumioxazin preemergence and receiving irrigation at emergence and 2 and 4 d after emergence were injured between 40 and 60%. Peanut treated at 8 and 12 d after emergence were injured between 25 and 15%, respectively. Total C-14 absorbed by ivyleaf mornigglory was 57% of applied whereas sicklepod absorbed 46%, 72 h after treatment (HAT). Peanut absorbed > 74% of applied C-14 72 HAT. The majority of absorbed C-14 remained in roots of sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory and peanut at all harvest times. Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide 72 HAT whereas sicklepod and peanut contained only 24 and 11% parent compound, respectively. Regression slopes indicated slower flumioxazin metabolism by ivyleaf morningglory (a susceptible species) compared with sicklepod and peanut (tolerant species). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Valent USA Corp, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1614/WS-04-017R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400004 ER PT J AU Uygur, S Smith, L Uygur, FN Cristofaro, M Balciunas, J AF Uygur, S Smith, L Uygur, FN Cristofaro, M Balciunas, J TI Population densities of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in Turkey SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; invasive species; plant density; Asteraceae; thistle ID DIMORPHIC ACHENES; UNITED-STATES; GERMINATION; ASTERACEAE; CALIFORNIA; INSECTS; WEED AB Yellow starthistle is one of the most important alien invasive weeds in the western United States. It has been targeted for biological control based on the assumption that its abundance is limited by natural enemies in its native region but not in the United States. The geographic center of diversity for yellow starthistle appears to be in Turkey. This region is being explored to discover potential biological control agents; however, there is no quantitative information regarding the population density or dynamics of the plant in this region. Such information could help determine which natural enemies help suppress the plant in its land of origin. We measured densities of yellow starthistle plants and seeds during 2 yr at three locations in central Turkey. Densities of mature plants were about 4% of those measured at sites in California. Densities of capitula and seeds produced were about 60 and 65%, respectively, of those measured in California. The greatest difference between the two regions appears to be the densities of mature plants, which indicates the importance of focusing research on natural enemies that reduce plant survival. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cukurova Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. Ctr Ric Casaccia, Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Uygur, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 746 EP 753 DI 10.1614/WS-03-150R1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400008 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Ransom, CV Thompson, WM AF Williams, MM Ransom, CV Thompson, WM TI Effect of volunteer potato density on bulb onion yield and quality SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; economic threshold; hyperbolic model; weed density; yield loss ID ALLIUM-CEPA; WEED COMPETITION; IRRIGATED ONION; UNITED-STATES; INTERFERENCE; HERBICIDES; COLUMBIA; REMOVAL; MODEL AB Bulb onions are poor competitors and volunteer potato, commonly observed in western USA onion fields, is difficult to manage. To improve the understanding of onion and weed interactions, relationships were quantified among volunteer potato density, onion yield, and volunteer potato tuber production using hyperbolic or linear models. Onion yield losses because of volunteer potato interference occur at densities commonly observed in the field. A volunteer potato density as low as 0.067 plants M-2 resulted in a 10% reduction in crop yield. Asymptotic yield loss (A parameter) was 100% and achieved with 4 volunteer potato plants M-2. Volunteer potato competition limits onion bulb size, resulting in a lower quality and thus a less-valuable crop. Volunteer potato tuber density and biomass increased linearly with initial weed density as high as 8 volunteer potato M-2. Onion yield loss from volunteer potato competition occurs to a greater extent and at a lower weed density than demonstrated in previous research on small-seeded annual weed species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Corvallis, OR 97914 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA, N-325 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 754 EP 758 DI 10.1614/WS-03-154R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400009 ER PT J AU Park, KW Mallory-Smith, CA Ball, DA Mueller-Warrant, GW AF Park, KW Mallory-Smith, CA Ball, DA Mueller-Warrant, GW TI Ecological fitness of acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant and -susceptible downy brome (Bromus tectorum) biotypes SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Herbicide resistance; ALS inhibitor; fitness; germination; competition ID LETTUCE LACTUCA-SERRIOLA; KOCHIA KOCHIA-SCOPARIA; SULFONYLUREA-RESISTANT; HERBICIDE; GROWTH; COMPETITIVENESS; GERMINATION AB Studies were conducted to determine the relative fitness and competitive ability of an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant (R) downy brome biotype compared with a susceptible (S) biotype. In previous research, the mechanism of resistance was determined to be an altered ALS enzyme. Seed germination of the R biotype was compared with that of the S biotype at 5, 15, and 25 C. There were no different germination characteristics between R and S biotypes at 15 and 25 C. However, the R biotype germinated 27 h earlier than the S biotype and had reached over 60% germination when the S biotype initially germinated at 5 C. Under noncompetitive greenhouse conditions, growth of the R biotype was similar to that of the S biotype on the basis of shoot dry weight, leaf area, and plant height. Seed production of the R biotype was 83%, when compared with the S biotype, but seeds of the R biotype were larger than those of the S biotype. Replacement series experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the relative competitive ability of R and S biotypes. No difference in competitive ability was observed between R and S biotypes on the basis of shoot dry weight, leaf area, or plant height. Thus, it appears that ALS-resistance trait is not associated with growth penalty in either noncompetitive or competitive conditions. In the absence of ALS inhibitors, these results suggest that the R biotype would remain at a similar frequency in a population of R and S biotypes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Park, KW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carol.mallory-smith@oregonstate.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1614/WS-04-081R PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400011 ER PT J AU Henry, WB Shaw, DR Reddy, KR Bruce, LM Tamhankar, HD AF Henry, WB Shaw, DR Reddy, KR Bruce, LM Tamhankar, HD TI Spectral reflectance curves to distinguish soybean from common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) grown with varying soil moisture SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE leaf water potential; spectral reflectance curves; NDVI; RVI; SAVI; DVI; NDVIg; IPVI; MSI ID LEAF WATER-CONTENT; VEGETATION INDEX; AREA INDEX; DROUGHT; FOREST; AVIRIS; LIGHT AB Experiments were conducted to examine the use of spectral reflectance curves for discriminating between plant species across moisture levels. Weed species and soybean were grown at three moisture levels, and spectral reflectance data and leaf water potential were collected every other day after the imposition of moisture stress at 8 wk after planting. Moisture stress did not reduce the ability to discriminate between species. As moisture stress increased, it became easier to distinguish between species, regardless of analysis technique. Signature amplitudes of the top five bands, discrete wavelet transforms, and multiple indices were promising analysis techniques. Discriminant models created from data set of 1 yr and validated on additional data sets provided, on average, approximately 80% accurate classification among weeds and crop. This suggests that these models are relatively robust and could potentially be used across environmental conditions in field scenarios. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Henry, WB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 40335 Cty Rd GG,Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM brien.henry@ars.usda.gov OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 788 EP 796 DI 10.1614/WS-03-051R PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400014 ER PT J AU Santos, BM Dusky, JA Stall, WM Bewick, TA Shilling, DG AF Santos, BM Dusky, JA Stall, WM Bewick, TA Shilling, DG TI Influence of method of phosphorus application on smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) interference in lettuce SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE critical period; interference; integrated weed management ID CRITICAL PERIOD; LACTUCA-SATIVA; FERTILIZER USE; WEED-CONTROL; COMPETITIVENESS AB Field trials were conducted to investigate the influence of P application method on the critical period of smooth pigweed and common purslane interference in lettuce. Studies were carried out in low-P histosols, where supplemental P fertilization is needed for lettuce production. Phosphorus was either broadcast or banded 5 cm beneath the lettuce rows at rates of 250 or 125 kg ha(-1), respectively. Seedlings of either smooth pigweed or common purslane were transplanted at a density of 16 plants per 5.4 m(2) (6-m row by 0.9 m wide). Weed interference duration was achieved by manual removal 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk after lettuce emergence and subsequently keeping the plot weed free until harvest. A weed-free control within each P regimen was also established. Marketable head number, head fresh yield, and head diameter were measured at harvest. Weed-free lettuce fresh yield was 20% higher with banded P than broadcast applications. In the weed-lettuce mixtures, the P regimen by weed removal interaction affected lettuce fresh yield and head diameter but not head number. Compared with broadcast P application, banded P extended the time needed to cause significant weed interference in lettuce by 10 d: from 24 to 34 d for smooth pigweed and from 37 to 47 d for common purslane. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Santos, BM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 5007 60th St E, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. EM bmsantos@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1614/WS-03-069R2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400015 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Archer, D Johnson, WG Nelson, K AF Donald, WW Archer, D Johnson, WG Nelson, K TI Zone herbicide application controls annual weeds and reduces residual herbicide use in corn SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE banded herbicide; reduced rates; zone herbicide application; sprayer; weed management ID ZEA-MAYS; CRITICAL PERIOD; MANAGEMENT; ALACHLOR; TILLAGE; INJURY; WATER; RATES AB To minimize the chance of surface water contamination by herbicides, farmers need alternative ways to manage weeds in field crops, such as field corn, that reduce herbicide use. Zone herbicide application (ZHA) reduces herbicide use compared with conventional broadcast herbicide application by (1) banding low herbicide rates between corn rows (less than or equal to 1X normal broadcast registered rate), (2) managing crops to favor crop competition, and (3) banding very low herbicide rates over crop rows (much less than 1x normal rate). The research goal was to compare the relative effectiveness of reduced-rate ZRA with broadcast herbicide application on in-row (IR) and between-row (BR) summer annual weed cover (chiefly giant foxtail and waterhemp species), grain yields, and net returns resulting from herbicide application in field corn. Pre-emergence ZHA of atrazine + metolachlor + clopyralid + flumesulam was made in zones (i.e., even width bands) at different rates between and over crop rows for three site-years in Missouri, and the 1X rate was 2.24 + 1.75 + 0.211 + 0.067 kg ai ha(-1), respectively. Best ZFIA treatments (0.29X to 0.30X IR herbicide rates + 0.74X to 0.80X BR herbicide rates) outperformed all reduced-rate broadcast herbicide treatments (0.25X, 0.5X, and 0.75X) based on net returns in partial budget analysis. Yields for highest yielding ZHA could not be distinguished from the 1 X broadcast treatments in two of three site-years. Net returns due to herbicide application for the highest yielding ZHA were comparable with the I X broadcast treatment in all three site-years. For the best ZHA, the 3-yr average for total herbicide applied per unit was 53% of the 1X broadcast rate. ZHA may provide row crop farmers with a new generic option for reducing herbicide rates and input costs while maintaining net returns and reducing the chance of surface water contamination by herbicides. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Missouri, Greenley Res Ctr, Novelty, MO 63460 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg UMC, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM donaldw@missouri.edu OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 821 EP 833 DI 10.1614/WS-03-164R PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400019 ER PT J AU Young, FL AF Young, FL TI Long-term weed management studies in the Pacific Northwest SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Weed Ecology in Long-Term Experiments held at the WSSA 2002 Annual Meeting CY 2002 CL Reno, NV SP WSSA DE conservation tillage; diversified cropping; interdisciplinary research; soil erosion; winter annual grasses ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; CROP-ROTATION; DECISION-MODEL; PALWEED-WHEAT; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; PALOUSE; EROSION; GROWTH AB The winter wheat production system of the Pacific Northwest is characterized by severe wind and water erosion and winter annual grass weeds requiring high herbicide input. Since 1985, numerous multi- and interdisciplinary, long-term, large-scale, integrated cropping systems studies have been or are currently being conducted. The primary focus of these studies was on weed biology, ecology, and management, whereas secondary evaluations were on alternative cropping systems, conservation tillage, and fertilizer or herbicide inputs. The 6-yr integrated pest management project, conducted in the high-rainfall zone (> 400 mm), showed for the first time that when weeds were adequately managed, conservation production systems were more profitable than conventional systems. In the intermediate rainfall zone (350 to 400 mm), a recently concluded 6-yr, three-state study integrated single-component research results into a multifaceted approach to managing jointed goatgrass. This project has been used as a model study for other western states and the National jointed Goatgrass Research Initiative. At present (9 yr thus far), a study is being conducted in the low-rainfall zone (< 350 mm) to examine the feasibility of no-till spring cropping systems in lieu of the highly erosive, weed infested, wheat-fallow system. Because of these projects, the Washington Wheat Commission recognized the importance of long-term, interdisciplinary, cropping systems research and has therefore established an Endowed Chair at Washington State University for direct seed cropping systems research. Federal, national, and regional agencies have used information from these projects for farm plans and pesticide usage. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM youngfl@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1614/WS-04-014R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 855JV UT WOS:000223970400029 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, RA Kaster, JL AF MacKenzie, RA Kaster, JL TI Temporal and spatial patterns of insect emergence from a Lake Michigan coastal wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE insect emergence; Great Lakes coastal wetlands; aquatic insects; densities; biomass; emergence traps; Chironomidae ID GREAT-LAKES; CHIRONOMIDAE DIPTERA; AQUATIC INSECTS; GREEN BAY; FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATES; INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; HABITATS; STREAM AB Emergence traps were used to sample insects along a transect through a river delta wetland on Green Bay, Lake Michigan in an attempt to document spatial and temporal patterns in insect emergence. Various abiotic factors were also measured to determine which factors influenced these dynamics. Significant decreasing gradients in dissolved oxygen and pH with distance from the river, coupled with trends in sum nitrate (nitrate + nitrite), revealed that riverine water was mixing with wetland water up to 100 m from the wetland-river interface. Annual emerging insect densities decreased exponentially with distance from the river while emerging insect biomass decreased linearly with distance, both of which were significant. Insects were largely comprised of Chironomidae, which represented 7-88% of the insects emerging. Loss of biomass was largely due to emergence of Aeshnidae (0-34%), Libellulidae (0-69%), Coenagrionidae (0-23%), Siphlonuridae (0-63%), and Chironomidae (1-25%). Major Chironomidae emergence events occurred from early spring until early summer and again from late summer to early fall. These events were likely an important source of energy needed for avian egg production, duckling growth, or migratory flights. Spatial and temporal patterns revealed the importance of wetland areas adjacent to the Peshtigo River to emerging insects, as well as to the transient organisms that use them as a. food source. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Wisconsin, WATER Inst, Ctr Great Lakes Studies, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. RP MacKenzie, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Dr,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM rmackenzie@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 20 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 688 EP 700 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0688:TASPOI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860AN UT WOS:000224309600017 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Genchi, AC AF Avery, ML Genchi, AC TI Avian perching deterrents on ultrasonic sensors at airport Wind-Shear Alert Systems SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aircraft safety; barred owl; bird strike; black vulture; brown-headed cowbird; Bubo virginianus; Coragyps atratus; Corvus ossifragus; fish crow; great horned owl; Molothrus ater; perch deterrent; Strix varia AB Preventing birds from perching on the sensor units of the Federal Aviation Administration's Low Level Wind-shear Alert System (LLWAS) is crucial to its successful operation. In this study we evaluated, under controlled conditions, responses of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), fish crows (Corvus ossifragus), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), barred owls (Strix varia), and black vultures (Coragyps atratus) to several anti-perching devices. No device was totally successful against every species. Of the 5 original test devices, the most effective perching deterrent was a set of 17 stout spikes ("AgSpikes") secured to the central portion of the sensor unit that point up 00 to 300 from the vertical. The central spikes were subsequently redesigned and combined with 9 metal bushings (3 for each arm of the sensor unit) that fit loosely on the sensor arms and that were armed with 5 sharp spikes each. This "AgSpikes and SpikedSpinner" combination unit was as effective as the original AgSpikes for all birds except owls, which were able to place their feet within the open spaces of the redesigned AgSpike portion of the device and perch on the 3 horizontal spikes. The combination units should adequately discourage most large and small birds from perching on LLWAS sensors. The availability of alternate perches in the field will likely enhance the effectiveness of the deterrent. Monitoring performance of the combination units deployed in the field is recommended to verify that they are working as expected. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn,2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0718:APDOUS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400012 ER PT J AU Jenness, JS AF Jenness, JS TI Calculating landscape surface area from digital elevation models SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE elevation; landscape; surface area; surface ratio; terrain ruggedness; TIN; topographic; roughness; rugosity; triangulated irregular network ID SHEEP; SIZE AB There are many reasons to want to know the true surface area of the landscape, especially in landscape analysis and studies of wildlife habitat. Surface area provides a better estimate of the land area available to an animal than planimetric area, and the ratio of this surface area to planimetric area provides a useful measure of topographic roughness of the landscape. This paper describes a straightforward method of calculating surface-area grids directly from digital elevation models (DEMs), by generating 8 3-dimensional triangles connecting each cell centerpoint with the centerpoints of the 8 surrounding cells, then calculating and summing the area of the portions of each triangle that lay within the cell boundary. This method tended to be slightly less accurate than using Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs) to generate surface-area statistics, especially when trying to analyze areas enclosed by vector-based polygons (i.e., management units or study areas) when there were few cells within the polygon. Accuracy and precision increased rapidly with increasing cell counts, however, and the calculated surface-area value was consistently close to the TIN-based area value at cell counts above 250. Raster-based analyses offer several advantages that are difficult or impossible to achieve with TINs, including neighborhood analysis, faster processing speed, and more consistent output. Useful derivative products such as surface-ratio grids are simple to calculate from surface-area grids. Finally, raster-formatted digital elevation data are widely and often freely available, whereas TINs must generally be generated by the user. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Jenness, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffj@jennessent.com RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Jenness, Jeff/0000-0002-9448-1444 NR 29 TC 122 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0829:CLSAFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400024 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DR Samuel, MD Rocke, TE Johnson, KM Linz, G AF Goldberg, DR Samuel, MD Rocke, TE Johnson, KM Linz, G TI Could blackbird mortality from avicide DRC-1339 contribute to avian botulism outbreaks in North Dakota? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE avian botulism; blackbird carcasses; Clostridium botulinum; DRC-11339; lcteridae; North Dakota; wetland ecosystems ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; C BOTULISM; CARCASSES; TOXINS; CATTLE; BIRDS AB Blackbird (family Icteridae) depredation on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crops in the prairie states of the United States has motivated the proposed use of an avicide, DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylaniline), to decrease their numbers. The resulting mortality of blackbirds at wetland roosts could increase the potential of avian botulism occurring in affected marshes. To assess this possibility, we seeded (artificially placed) blackbird carcasses in selected wetlands in Stutsman County, North Dakota, during August-September 2000 and July-September 2001 to evaluate their rate of decomposition and role in initiating avian botulism outbreaks. We monitored carcasses to determine their persistence, the frequency and amount of maggots produced, and the presence of type C botulinum toxin. In 10 of our 12 study wetlands, blackbird carcasses were not rapidly removed by scavengers, thus providing substrate for maggot growth and potential production of Clostridium botulinum toxin. Decomposition of carcasses occurred rapidly, and maggot production averaged 4-5 g per carcass within 9 days. We were unable to detect C. botulinum type C toxin in any of the 377 blackbird carcasses or the 112 samples of maggots we collected in 2000 or 2001. None of the 25 blackbird carcasses we tested contained botulinum spores, the most probable explanation for the absence of botulinum toxin production. Our results indicate that the likelihood of DRC-1339-poisoned blackbirds causing botulism outbreaks would be minimal in North Dakota wetlands during late summer and early autumn. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Goldberg, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM Goldberg@usgs.gov OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 870 EP 880 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0870:CBMFAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400028 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TL Williams, AE Messmer, TA Hellinga, LA Kyrychenko, SY AF Sullivan, TL Williams, AE Messmer, TA Hellinga, LA Kyrychenko, SY TI Effectiveness of temporary warning signs in reducing deer-vehicle collisions during mule deer migrations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE deer-vehicle collisions; migration; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; temporary signing; vehicle speeds ID RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE; ATTITUDES AB We evaluated the effects of temporary, prominently displayed signs in reducing deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) during mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) migrations. To conduct the study we selected segments of 5 highways in 3 western states that were crossed by mule deer during seasonal migrations. Using local input and historical DVC data, we identified migration corridors used by deer. We separated these migration corriders into sections of equal length. Each section was separated by a buffer zone. We randomly assigned each section into treatment or control areas. In treatment areas we erected temporary warning signs equipped with reflective flags and solar-powered flashing amber lights. To evaluate the effectiveness of signs in reducing DVCs, we monitored deer mortalities during migration periods before and after signs were placed. We also monitored vehicle speeds to determine whether the signs affected motorist behavior. DVCs in the treatment areas were reduced by 50%. Vehicle speeds also were reduced, but evidence suggested that the effect eroded during the second year of the study. Study results indicated that temporary signing can be a cost-effective technique when used on roads where DVC peaks occur in conjunction with seasonal migration periods and are isolated to narrow corridors. C1 Utah State Univ, Jack H Berryman Inst, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Insurance Inst Highway Safety, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Williams, AE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 5107 Austin Ellipse, Moody AFB, GA 31699 USA. EM awilliams@iihs.org NR 27 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0907:EOTWSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400032 ER PT J AU Harveson, PM Tewes, ME Anderson, GL AF Harveson, PM Tewes, ME Anderson, GL TI Habitat use by ocelots in south Texas: implications for restoration SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE canopy cover; GIS; habitat selection; Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge; Leopardus pardalis; ocelot; soil; south Texas; thornshrub ID AVAILABILITY; TESTS AB The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is an endangered cat native to south Texas. Urbanization and agricultural development have resulted in limited and fragmented habitat, making ocelot habitat restoration an important factor in the cat's recovery. We evaluated the use of United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) soil surveys to identify potential restoration sites by examining ocelot habitat use in south Texas from 1982-1990. We analyzed an 8-year data set of ocelot radiotelemetry locations using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Bailey's confidence intervals. Ocelots selected habitat with dense (>95%) canopy cover more than open (<75%) canopy cover. Ocelots also selected Camargo, Lardeo, Olmito, and Point Isabel soil series in greater proportion than available. The selected soils also represented 82% of the selected dense canopy cover areas. Our results suggest that USDA-NRCS soil survey maps can be used as a tool for identifying potential areas for ocelot habitat restoration. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rio Hondo, TX 78586 USA. RP Harveson, PM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM harveson@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 948 EP 954 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0948:HUBOIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400036 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WA Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WA Miller, KV TI From the Field: Unusual white-tailed deer movements to a gas well in the central Appalachians SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus virginianus; west Virginia; white-tailed deer ID MINERAL LICKS; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Texas Field Stn, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM Tyler.A.Campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0983:FTFUWD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 866IO UT WOS:000224767400041 ER PT J AU Meyer, CB Miller, SL Ralph, CJ AF Meyer, CB Miller, SL Ralph, CJ TI Stand-scale habitat associations across a large geographic region of an old-growth specialist, the Marbled Murrelet SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; COAST; SELECTION; FORESTS; OREGON AB We used two metrics, occupancy and relative abundance, to study forest stand characteristics believed to be important to a threatened seabird that nests in old-growth forests, the Mal-bled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). Occupancy refers to murrelet presence or absence based oil observed bird behaviors, while relative abundance refers to categories of low, medium, and high numbers of bird observations per survey in a forest stand. Within the murrelet's nesting range in California and southern Oregon, we measured habitat and climatic variables in all old-growth stands surveyed for murrelets between 1991 and 1997. The two bird metrics produced similar results. In California, murrelets most often occupied, or were abundant in, redwood (Sequoio sempervirens) stands with large trees (>100 cm diameter at breast height) located on gentle, low-elevation slopes or oil alluvial flats close to streams. In stands of the less flood-tolerant Dougglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in southern Oregon, murrelets roost often occupied, or were abundant on, gentle, low-elevation, west-facing slopes that were not close to streams. Murrelets tended to use areas farther from roads. The important climatic requirements for murrelet stands in both states were cool temperatures and high amounts of rainfall. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept 3164, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Meyer, CB (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept 3164, 1000 Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM meyerc@yahoo.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1676/03-122 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 879LZ UT WOS:000225720600001 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Neff, JC Sandberg, DV Turetsky, MR Ottmar, R Gleixner, G Fries, TL Manies, KL AF Harden, JW Neff, JC Sandberg, DV Turetsky, MR Ottmar, R Gleixner, G Fries, TL Manies, KL TI Chemistry of burning the forest floor during the FROSTFIRE experimental burn, interior Alaska, 1999 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE combustion; experimental burn; boreal forest; black spruce; feathermoss; Hg ID FIRE REGIME; VEGETATION COMPOSITION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOREAL FORESTS; QUAKING ASPEN; SOIL; CARBON; WILDFIRE; MERCURY AB [1] Wildfires represent one of the most common disturbances in boreal regions, and have the potential to reduce C, N, and Hg stocks in soils while contributing to atmospheric emissions. Organic soil layers of the forest floor were sampled before and after the FROSTFIRE experimental burn in interior Alaska, and were analyzed for bulk density, major and trace elements, and organic compounds. Concentrations of carbon, nutrients, and several major and trace elements were significantly altered by the burn. Emissions of C, N, and Hg, estimated from chemical mass balance equations using Fe, Al, and Si as stable constituents, indicated that 500 to 900 g C and up to 0 to 4 x 10(-4) g Hg/m(2) were lost from the site. Calculations of nitrogen loss range from - 4 to + 6 g/m(2) but were highly variable ( standard deviation 19), with some samples showing increased N concentrations post-burn potentially from canopy ash. Noncombustible major nutrients such as Ca and K also were inherited from canopy ash. Thermogravimetry indicates a loss of thermally labile C and increase of lignin-like C in char and ash relative to unburned counterparts. Overall, atmospheric impacts of boreal fires include large emissions of C, N and Hg that vary greatly as a function of severe fire weather and its access to deep organic layers rich in C, N, and Hg. In terrestrial systems, burning rearranges the vertical distribution of nutrients in fuels and soils, the proximity of nutrients and permafrost to surface biota, and the chemical composition of soil including its nutrient and organic constituents, all of which impact C cycling. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Seattle Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov; neffjc@colorado.edu; dsandberg@fs.fed.us; mturetsky@usgs.gov; ottmar@dorothy.cfr.washington.edu; gerd.gleixner@bgc-jena.mpg.de; tfries@usgs.gov; kmanies@usgs.gov RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 28 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 AR GB3014 DI 10.1029/2003GB002194 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850ME UT WOS:000223615100001 ER PT J AU Mertens, I Vandingenen, A Meeusen, T Janssen, T Luyten, W Nachman, RJ De Loof, A Schoofs, L AF Mertens, I Vandingenen, A Meeusen, T Janssen, T Luyten, W Nachman, RJ De Loof, A Schoofs, L TI Functional characterization of the putative orphan neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptor C26F1.6 in Caenorhabditis elegans SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Caenorhabditis elegans; VRF-amide receptor 1; reverse pharmacology; FMRFamide related peptide ID FMRFAMIDE-RELATED PEPTIDES; ASCARIS-SUUM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NEMATODE; MUSCLE; IDENTIFICATION; MULTIPLE; FAMILY; RNAI AB In this study, we describe the cloning and the characterization of the third FMRFamide-related peptide (FaRP) receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans, the VRFa receptor 1. Numerous structurally different FaRPs were synthesized and used to screen the orphan C26F1.6 receptor for activation. Two peptides ending in M(orL)VRFamide elicited a calcium response in receptor expressing mammalian cells. The response is dose-dependent and appeared to be very specific, since very closely related FaRPs were less active, even the other peptides ending in M(orL)VRFamide. Pharmacological profiling of the most active peptide suggests that SMVRFa is the most active binding core. N-terminal extension decreases peptide activity. (C) 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol Genomics & Prote, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. IriDM, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol Genomics & Prote, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM liliane.schoofs@bio.kuleuven.ac.be NR 21 TC 35 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-5793 EI 1873-3468 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2004 VL 573 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.058 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 851PN UT WOS:000223697200011 PM 15327975 ER PT J AU Malito, E Coda, A Bilyeu, KD Fraaije, MW Mattevi, A AF Malito, E Coda, A Bilyeu, KD Fraaije, MW Mattevi, A TI Structures of Michaelis and product complexes of plant cytokinin dehydrogenase: Implications for flavoenzyme catalysis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flavoenzyme; mechanism of catalysis; cytokinin; crystallography ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; TRIMETHYLAMINE DEHYDROGENASE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; REFINEMENT; MOLSCRIPT AB Cytokinins form a diverse class of compounds that are essential for plant growth. Cytokinin dehydrogenase has a major role in the control of the levels of these plant hormones by catalysing their irreversible oxidation. The crystal structure of Zea mays cytokinin dehydrogenase displays the same two-domain topology of the flavoenzymes of the vanillyl-alcohol, oxidase family but its active site cannot be related to that of any other family member. The X-ray analysis reveals a bipartite architecture of the, catalytic centre, which consists of a funnel-shaped region on the protein surface and an internal cavity lined by the flavin ring. A pore with diameter of about 4 A connects the two active-site regions. Snapshots of two critical steps along the reaction cycle were obtained through the structural analysis of the complexes with a slowly reacting substrate and the reaction product, which correspond to the states immediately before (Michaelis complex) and after (product complex) oxidation has taken place. The substrate displays a "plug-into-socket" binding mode that seals the catalytic site and precisely positions the carbon atom undergoing oxidation in close contact with the reactive locus of the flavin. A polarising H-bond between the substrate amine group and an Asp-Glu pair may facilitate oxidation. Substrate to product conversion results in small atomic movements, which lead to a planar conformation of the reaction product allowing double-bond conjugation. These features in the mechanism of amine recognition and oxidation differ from those observed in other flavin-dependent amine oxidases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Groningen, Biochem Lab, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Mattevi, A (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM mattevi@ipvgen.unipv.it RI mattevi, andrea/K-5464-2012; Fraaije, Marco/E-8421-2014 OI mattevi, andrea/0000-0002-9523-7128; NR 35 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 27 PY 2004 VL 341 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.083 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 848PQ UT WOS:000223480000009 PM 15321719 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Park, YW AF Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Park, YW TI Rheological and proteolytic properties of Monterey Jack goat's milk cheese during aging SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE goat cheese; Monterey Jack; aging; rheology; proteolysis ID BETA-CASEIN; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; UNITED-STATES; CALF RENNET; SDS-PAGE; ALPHA(S1)-CASEIN; VARIANTS AB To enhance the understanding of the quality traits of goat's milk cheeses, rheological and proteolytic properties of Monterey Jack goat's milk cheese were evaluated during 26 weeks of 4degreesC storage. As expected with aging, beta-casein levels decreased with concomitant increases in peptide levels and were correlated with changes in rheological properties of the cheese. Hydrolysis of the protein matrix resulted in more flexible (increased viscoelastic properties) and softer (decreased hardness, shear stress, and shear rigidity) cheeses. During the first 4-8 weeks of storage, cheese texture changed significantly (P < 0.05) and then stabilized. Characterization of rheological and proteolytic properties of the goat's milk semihard cheese during aging provided insight into the changes occurring in the protein matrix, the relationship to structure, and a shift in cheese quality. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Georgia Small Ruminant Res & Extens Ctr, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dvanhekken@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5372 EP 5377 DI 10.1021/jf049918q PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 847YY UT WOS:000223435200012 PM 15315372 ER PT J AU Haymes, KM Ibrahim, IA Mischke, S Scott, DL Saunders, JA AF Haymes, KM Ibrahim, IA Mischke, S Scott, DL Saunders, JA TI Rapid isolation of DNA from chocolate and date palm tree crops SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; Theobroma cacao; Phoenix dactylifera; PCR; AFLP; SSR; microsatellite ID THEOBROMA-CACAO L; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; AFLP; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; STRAWBERRY; GENERA; GENUS; MAP AB DNA isolation from plants is sometimes difficult due to the existence of high levels of endogenous phenolics, polysaccharides, or other substances that may interfere with DNA extraction. Theobroma cacao produces high levels of anthocyanins in young leaves. These plant polyphenols can interfere with DNA isolation. After examination of various procedures for DNA isolation, two commercial isolation procedures have proved to be repeatedly successful using these types of plants, the D-2 BioTechnologies DNA X-tract Plus kit and the Qiagen DNeasy Plant System DNA kit. These commercial kits were chosen for their speed and ease over the CTAB procedure, which is more labor intensive. All protocols assessed yielded DNA suitable for AFLP or SSR procedures. An additional factor in DNA extraction efficiency is the degree of cell breakage, which may be more difficult with the highly fibrous leaf tissue that is found in many monocots, including date palm. Two commercially produced pieces of equipment were tested and, for cacao, both resulted in template DNA yielding amplification product in AFLP or SSR fingerprinting. However, for the fibrous date palm leaf, the larger FastPrep homogenizer consistently yielded DNA that generated higher signals when amplified than did the smaller Disruptor Genie. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. D squared BioTechnol Inc, Atlanta, GA 30357 USA. Menufia Univ, Genet Engn & Biotechnol Res Inst, Sadat, Egypt. Morehouse Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Towson State Univ, Towson, MD USA. RP Mischke, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 50,Room 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mischkes@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Research Institute /E-7221-2017 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5456 EP 5462 DI 10.1021/jf0497962 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 847YY UT WOS:000223435200025 PM 15315385 ER PT J AU Hayhoe, K Cayan, D Field, CB Frumhoff, PC Maurer, EP Miller, NL Moser, SC Schneider, SH Cahill, KN Cleland, EE Dale, L Drapek, R Hanemann, RM Kalkstein, LS Lenihan, J Lunch, CK Neilson, RP Sheridan, SC Verville, JH AF Hayhoe, K Cayan, D Field, CB Frumhoff, PC Maurer, EP Miller, NL Moser, SC Schneider, SH Cahill, KN Cleland, EE Dale, L Drapek, R Hanemann, RM Kalkstein, LS Lenihan, J Lunch, CK Neilson, RP Sheridan, SC Verville, JH TI Emissions pathways, climate change, and impacts on California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WATER-RESOURCES; RIVER-BASINS; MODEL; RESPONSES; WEATHER; MORTALITY AB The magnitude of future climate change depends substantially on the greenhouse gas emission pathways we choose. Here we explore the implications of the highest and lowest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions pathways for climate change and associated impacts in California. Based on climate projections from two state-of-the-art climate models with low and medium sensitivity (Parallel Climate Model and Hadley Centre Climate Model, version 3, respectively), we find that annual temperature increases nearly double from the lower B1 to the higher A1fi emissions scenario before 2100. Three of four simulations also show greater increases in summer temperatures as compared with winter. Extreme heat and the associated impacts on a range of temperature-sensitive sectors are substantially greater under the higher emissions scenario, with some interscenario differences apparent before midcentury. By the end of the century under the B1 scenario, heatwaves and extreme heat in Los Angeles quadruple in frequency while heat-related mortality increases two to three times; alpine/subalpine forests are reduced by 50-75%; and Sierra snowpack is reduced 30-70%. Under A1fi, heatwaves in Los Angeles are six to eight times more frequent, with heat-related excess mortality increasing five to seven times; alpine/subalpine forests are reduced by 75-90%; and snowpack declines 73-90%, with cascading impacts on runoff and streamflow that, combined with projected modest declines in winter precipitation, could fundamentally disrupt California's water rights system. Although interscenario differences in climate impacts and costs of adaptation emerge mainly in the second half of the century, they are strongly dependent on emissions from preceding decades. C1 ATMOS Res & Consulting, South Bend, IN 46601 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Union Concerned Sci, Cambridge, MA 02238 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Environm & Societal Impacts Grp, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Clin Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Hayhoe, K (reprint author), ATMOS Res & Consulting, 809 W Colfax Ave, South Bend, IN 46601 USA. EM hayhoe@atmosresearch.com RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Nicholas, Kimberly/G-3669-2010 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Nicholas, Kimberly/0000-0002-4756-7851 NR 34 TC 456 Z9 471 U1 8 U2 143 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 34 BP 12422 EP 12427 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404500101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850FI UT WOS:000223596200007 PM 15314227 ER PT J AU Strader, LC Ritchie, S Soule, JD McGinnis, KM Steber, CM AF Strader, LC Ritchie, S Soule, JD McGinnis, KM Steber, CM TI Recessive-interfering mutations in the gibberellin signaling gene SLEEPY1 are rescued by overexpression of its homologue, SNEEZY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID F-BOX SUBUNIT; UBIQUITIN-LIGASE COMPLEX; SCF E3 COMPLEX; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; SEED-GERMINATION; RESPONSE MUTANT; PROTEIN; PATHWAY; EXPRESSION AB This article reports the genetic interaction of two F-box genes, SLEEPY1 (SLY1) and SNEEZY (SNE), in Arabidopsis thaliana gibberellin (GA) signaling. The SLY1 gene encodes an F-box subunit of a Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that positively regulates GA signaling. The sly1-2 and sly1-10 mutants have recessive, GA-insensitive phenotypes including delayed germination, dwarfism, reduced fertility, and overaccumulation of the DELLA proteins RGA (Repressor of ga1-3), GAI (GA-insensitive), and RGL2 (RGA-Like 2). The DELLA domain proteins are putative transcription factors that negatively regulate GA signaling. The requirement for SLY1 in GA-stimulated disappearance of DELLA proteins suggests that GA targets DELLA proteins for destruction via SCFSLY1-mediated ubiquitylation. Overexpression of SLY1 in slyl-2 and slyl-10 plants rescues the recessive GA-insensitive phenotype of these mutants. Surprisingly, antisense expression of SLY1 also suppresses these mutants. This result caused us to hypothesize that the SLY1 homologue SNE can functionally replace SLY1 in the absence of the recessive interfering sly1-2 or sly1-10 genes. This hypothesis was supported because overexpression of SNE in sly1-10 rescues the dwarf phenotype. In addition to rescuing the sly1-10 dwarf phenotype, SNE overexpression also restored normal RGA protein levels, suggesting that the SNE F-box protein can replace SLY1 in the GA-induced proteolysis of RGA. If the C-terminal truncation in the sly1-2 and sly1-10 alleles interferes with SNE rescue, we reasoned that overexpression of sly1-2 might interfere with wild-type SLY1 function. Indeed, overexpression of sly1-2 in wild-type Ler (Landsberg erecta) yields dwarf plants. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Grad Program Mol Plant Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM csteber@wsu.edu NR 40 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 34 BP 12771 EP 12776 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404287101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850FI UT WOS:000223596200067 PM 15308775 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Graham, JM AF Woodall, CW Graham, JM TI A technique for conducting point pattern analysis of cluster plot stem-maps SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ripley's K; spatial; forest inventory and analysis (FIA); point pattern; stem-maps ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FOREST; STAND; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; TREES AB Point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may aid interpretation and inventory estimation of forest attributes. To evaluate the techniques and benefits of conducting point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps, Ripley's K(t) was calculated for simulated tree spatial distributions and for over 600 USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots in Minnesota and Wisconsin. A new technique for calculation of Ripley's K(t) for cluster plot stem-maps was proposed that involves the truncation and combination of clustered, circular sub-plots (0.01 ha) into one square (0.04 ha) for each inventory plot. For Poisson and uniform simulated tree spatial distributions, combined sub-plots may possess nearly the same spatial proper-ties as the entire plot area from which they were sampled. Although sub-plots may be too small for meaningful spatial analysis, combined sub-plots may permit spatial analysis regardless of how sub-plots are combined. The step-size (t) at which stem-map point pattems were most discernible as either clustered or uniform varied by forest type. Additionally, stand disturbances may increase K(t). Although limitations exist, point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may permit refined ecological analysis of forest inventories. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us; jgraham@mso.umt.edu RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.037 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847QR UT WOS:000223410500003 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW TI A library of forest canopy structure for use in interception modeling SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deciduous; conifer; canopy penetration; canopy interception ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; DOUGLAS-FIR; DYNAMICS; FOLIAGE; STANDS; TREES; ARCHITECTURE; ALGORITHMS; RADIATION; CONIFER AB An extensive literature review has helped to create a database of information with regard to leaf area index (LAI) across deciduous and coniferous tree species in North America. This database provides a quick and convenient way of establishing interception effects through these canopy types. A sensitivity study of LAI and tree type indicates the importance of defining these variables accurately, so as to recover consistent model predictions with their use. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com; hthistle@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.031 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847QR UT WOS:000223410500024 ER PT J AU Pilz, D Weber, NS Carter, MC Parks, CG Molina, R AF Pilz, D Weber, NS Carter, MC Parks, CG Molina, R TI Productivity and diversity of morel mushrooms in healthy, burned, and insect-damaged forests of northeastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Morchella; mushrooms; fire; species diversity; genetics; disturbance; nontimber forest products ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MORCHELLA-ESCULENTA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PURE CULTURE; PICEA-ABIES; FUNGI; POLYMORPHISM; MYCORRHIZAL; PCR AB Large commercial crops of morels are harvested annually from montane coniferous forests of the northwestern United States. Although some morels fruit annually in nondisturbed forests, others fruit copiously in areas experiencing fire, insect infestations, tree mortality, and soil disturbance. Many forest managers currently use thinning and prescribed fire to re-create forest conditions that existed before the advent of wide-scale fire suppression, thus opportunities exist to promote morel crops while achieving fire control and timber production goals. However, our limited understanding of morel productivity, diversity, and ecology hinders such synergistic management. We used morphological, genetic, and ecological data to identify and characterize five putative species found at our study sites. Three of these putative species fruited only on burned soils the first spring season following a wildfire. The other two putative species fruited in nonburned forests, in islands of nonburned soils in burned forests, or the second year following fire on burned soils. Unbiased landscape-level estimates of genus-level morel productivity (not partitioned by putative species) ranged from 80 to 4350 morels per hectare and from 0.550 to 9.080 kg per ha. Productivity followed the general trend of wildfire-burned forests > insect-damaged forests > healthy forests. We discuss the implications of our results for forest management. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pilz, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.pilz@oregonstate.edu; nancy.weber@oregonstate.edu; carterm@pdx.edu; cparks01@fs.fed.us; rmolina@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 1-3 BP 367 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.028 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847QR UT WOS:000223410500026 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ AF Adhvaryu, A Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ TI Development of soy-based lithium grease. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Penn State Univ, NCAUR, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu@ncaur.usda.gov; erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 088-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800415 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Engeljohn, D AF Altekruse, SF Engeljohn, D TI Regulatory perspective on enhancing the safety of foods: Needs and challenges. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Food Safety Inspect Serv, OPPED Policy Anal & Formulat, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM sean.altekruse@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 180-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800320 ER PT J AU Angier, JT McCarty, GW Rice, CP Bialek, K AF Angier, JT McCarty, GW Rice, CP Bialek, K TI Non-uniformity in riparian buffer zone contaminant mitigation function: Role of critical areas in agrochemical export. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 051-AGRO BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800380 ER PT J AU Awika, JM Dykes, L Gu, LW Rooney, LW Prior, R AF Awika, JM Dykes, L Gu, LW Rooney, LW Prior, R TI Effect of processing on molecular weight distribution and antioxidant properties of sorghum proanthocyanidins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Med, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jawika@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 084-CELL BP U248 EP U248 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801127 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Cosby, DE AF Bailey, JS Cosby, DE TI Are free-range chickens microbiologically safer? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, PMSRU, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 039-AGRO BP U89 EP U89 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800368 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF TI Physical modification of the keratin network to produce new polymer blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 078-CELL BP U247 EP U247 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801121 ER PT J AU Beeman, RW Brown, SJ Lorenzen, MD Park, Y AF Beeman, RW Brown, SJ Lorenzen, MD Park, Y TI Tribolium genomics: Sleuthing for novel targets. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 016-AGRO BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800345 ER PT J AU Bialek, K Angier, J Wilcox, K McCarty, GW Rice, CP AF Bialek, K Angier, J Wilcox, K McCarty, GW Rice, CP TI Fate of herbicides in the riparian buffer zone of a small first-order agricultural watershed. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bialekk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 076-AGRO BP U95 EP U95 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800404 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Shogren, RL Willett, JL AF Biswas, A Shogren, RL Willett, JL TI Synthesis of starch maleate half-esters under microwave irradiation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM BISWASA@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 433-POLY BP U390 EP U390 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802107 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH LeBlanc, BW Cleveland, TE AF Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH LeBlanc, BW Cleveland, TE TI Antioxidant activity of soybean phytoalexins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, USN, Med Serv Corps, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 105-AGFD BP U66 EP U66 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800248 ER PT J AU Bricker, AL Van Hekken, DL AF Bricker, AL Van Hekken, DL TI Effect of short-term frozen storage on cheese microflora SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, ERRC, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM abricker@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 093-AGFD BP U64 EP U64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800236 ER PT J AU Brown, EM AF Brown, EM TI Collagen networks, nature and beyond. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ebrown@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 054-AGFD BP U58 EP U58 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800198 ER PT J AU Bucks, DA Weltz, M Shafer, D AF Bucks, DA Weltz, M Shafer, D TI Measuring environmental benefits of conservation practices: The conservation effects assessment project. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dab@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 137-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800463 ER PT J AU Caston-Pierre, S Edwards, JV AF Caston-Pierre, S Edwards, JV TI Determination of mmonosaccharide ester conjugates of cellulose with high performance liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM spierre@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 059-CARB BP U227 EP U227 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801016 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA AF Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA TI Risk assessment for cadmium in phosphate fertilizers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 114-AGRO BP U101 EP U101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800441 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Yee, E Glenn, GM Orts, WJ Wood, DF Imam, SH AF Chiou, BS Yee, E Glenn, GM Orts, WJ Wood, DF Imam, SH TI Biopolymer nanocomposites containing native wheat starch and nanoclays. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 041-IEC BP U766 EP U766 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803021 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Studies of alternatives to sulfur dioxide in corn wet-mill steeping under alkaline conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 099-AGFD BP U65 EP U65 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800242 ER PT J AU Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D AF Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D TI Stable biomass carbon co-products for fossil fuel exhaust scrubbing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Eprida Inc, UGA Bioconservat Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM danny.day@eprida.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 150-FUEL BP U675 EP U676 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802777 ER PT J AU Day, D Lee, JW Reicosky, D AF Day, D Lee, JW Reicosky, D TI Development of sustainable fertilizer with positive local and global impacts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Eprida Inc, UGA Bioconvers Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM danny.day@eprida.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 149-AGRO BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800475 ER PT J AU Delhom, CD White, LA AF Delhom, CD White, LA TI Laboratory scale fiber and nonwovens production of cellulose-clay nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM cdelhom@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 292-PMSE BP U458 EP U458 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802451 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G AF Eggleston, G TI Differentiating cane white sugar from beet white sugar using ion chromatography profiles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 050-CARB BP U226 EP U226 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801008 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Control of ionizing radiation-induced lipid oxidation and volatile sulfur compounds using antioxidants in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 057-AGFD BP U58 EP U58 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800201 ER PT J AU Farrell, HM AF Farrell, HM TI kappa-carrageenan interactions with bovine and caprine caseins as demonstrated by sedimentation and NMR relaxation techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX USA. EM hfarrell@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 004-AGFD BP U49 EP U49 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800148 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Preparation and characterization of functionalized electroactive biopolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 001-AGFD BP U49 EP U49 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800145 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Cooke, PH Chau, HK Coffin, DR Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, ML Cooke, PH Chau, HK Coffin, DR Hotchkiss, AT TI Pectin: Networks, clusters, and molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 019-AGFD BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800163 ER PT J AU Flores, RA AF Flores, RA TI Modeling the behavior and fate of microbial pathogens in particle reduction food processing operations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rflores@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 156-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800296 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, P Levin, C Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, M Henika, P Levin, C Mandrell, RE TI Structure-antibiotic activity relationships of plant compounds against nonresistant and antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 128-AGFD BP U70 EP U70 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800268 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Flores, RA Tunick, MH AF Garcia, RA Flores, RA Tunick, MH TI Use of an aspirator to improve meat and bone meal for non-edible applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rgarcia@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 091-CELL BP U249 EP U249 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801134 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C AF Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C TI Nonthermal inactivation of Escherichia coli in fruit juices using radio frequency electric fields SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 137-AGFD BP U72 EP U72 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800277 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Tessari, JD Johnston, JJ AF Goldade, DA Tessari, JD Johnston, JJ TI In vitro metabolism of the avicide 3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride in hepatic and renal cellular preparations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol & Environm Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM David.A.Goldade@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 068-AGRO BP U94 EP U94 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800396 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Broderick, GA Sullivan, M Hatfield, RD Powell, JM Rotz, CA Muck, RE Ehlke, NJ AF Grabber, JH Broderick, GA Sullivan, M Hatfield, RD Powell, JM Rotz, CA Muck, RE Ehlke, NJ TI Protein-binding polyphenols enhance nitrogen cycling and profitability of dairy farms. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jgrabber@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 074-CELL BP U246 EP U246 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801117 ER PT J AU Graff, CD Sadeghi, AM Hapeman, CJ Linda, A AF Graff, CD Sadeghi, AM Hapeman, CJ Linda, A TI Utilizing watershed-scale models for regulatory risk assessment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM graffc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 135-AGRO BP U104 EP U105 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800461 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Grusak, M AF Gu, LW Grusak, M TI Characterization of intrinsic (13)c-labeled sorghum procyanidins with tandem mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM guliwei@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 002-CELL BP U235 EP U235 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801045 ER PT J AU Gustafson, DI Carr, K Gustin, C Green, T Jones, RL Kreuger, J Richards, PR Roepke, B AF Gustafson, DI Carr, K Gustin, C Green, T Jones, RL Kreuger, J Richards, PR Roepke, B TI Fractal-based scaling and scale-invariant dispersion of peak concentrations of crop protection chemicals in rivers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Monsanto Co, Agr Chem, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 151-AGRO BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800477 ER PT J AU Henderson, KL Phillips, TA Hu, DF Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Henderson, KL Phillips, TA Hu, DF Moorman, TB Coats, JR TI Tylosin: Mobility in a manure-soil matrix and dissipation in surface water. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM hendersk@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 106-AGRO BP U100 EP U100 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800433 ER PT J AU Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Hess, MA Haas, MJ Foglia, TA Marmer, WN TI Effect of antioxidant addition on NOx emissions from biodiesel. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mhess@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 171-FUEL BP U679 EP U679 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802798 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Abbas, HK Boyette, CD AF Hoagland, RE Abbas, HK Boyette, CD TI Evaluations of Myrothecium verrucaria as a bioherbicide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rhoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 089-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800416 ER PT J AU Hojilia-Evangelista, MP AF Hojilia-Evangelista, MP TI Development of soy protein-based foamed plywood glues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM hojillmp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 067-CELL BP U245 EP U245 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801110 ER PT J AU Hokhkiss, AT Manderson, K Olano-Martin, E Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Hokhkiss, AT Manderson, K Olano-Martin, E Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA TI Orange peel pectic oligosaccharide prebiotics with food and feed applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. EM ahotchkiss@arserrc.gov RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 038-CARB BP U224 EP U224 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800996 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Goodall, MJ Chipman, RB Slate, D AF Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Goodall, MJ Chipman, RB Slate, D TI Stability/availability of tretracycline in rabies vaccine baits SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 103-AGRO BP U99 EP U99 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800430 ER PT J AU Juneja, V Huang, LH AF Juneja, V Huang, LH TI Approaches for modeling thermal inactivation of foodborne pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 157-AGFD BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800297 ER PT J AU Juneja, V AF Juneja, V TI Thermal treatments to control pathogens in muscle foods with particular reference to sous-vide products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 135-AGFD BP U71 EP U71 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800275 ER PT J AU Kim, S Xu, J Biswas, A Willett, JL AF Kim, S Xu, J Biswas, A Willett, JL TI Shear-induced aggregate formation in starch solutions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kims@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 174-AGFD BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800314 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Johnston, JJ AF Kimball, BA Johnston, JJ TI Single point calibration with a non-linear detector: Carbohydrate analysis by evaporative light-scattering detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Analyt Chem Project, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 176-AGFD BP U77 EP U78 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800316 ER PT J AU Kovar, JL Schroeder, PD Jarrell, WM AF Kovar, JL Schroeder, PD Jarrell, WM TI Use of anion exchange membranes to characterize positional availability of soil phosphorus. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Prod, Urbana, IL USA. EM kovar@nstl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 145-AGRO BP U106 EP U106 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800471 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW Selling, GW Willett, JL AF Lawton, JW Selling, GW Willett, JL TI Corn gluten meal as thermoplastic resins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lawtonjw@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 097-CELL BP U250 EP U250 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801140 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K AF Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K TI Latest developments in the "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (quechers) method for chemical residues in food. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@arserrc.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 049-AGRO BP U90 EP U91 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800378 ER PT J AU Liu, CK AF Liu, CK TI Drying studies for glutaraldehyde-tanned leather. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 089-CELL BP U249 EP U249 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801132 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, LS Fishman, ML Hicks, KB TI Pectin-based networks for non-food applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov; mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov; khicks@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 020 BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800164 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Fratamico, PM AF Liu, YH Fratamico, PM TI Nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yliu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 168-AGFD BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800308 ER PT J AU Manners, GD Jacob, RA Breksa, AP Schoch, TK Hasegawa, S AF Manners, GD Jacob, RA Breksa, AP Schoch, TK Hasegawa, S TI Bioavailability of citrus limonoids in humans. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmann@pw.usda.gov; apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 121-AGFD BP U69 EP U69 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800261 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI Hypolipidemic effects and absorption of citrus polymethoxylated flavones in hypercholesterolemic hamsters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 140-AGFD BP U72 EP U72 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800280 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ AF Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ TI Use of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis and quantitation of pesticide residues in biotic matrices. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19088 USA. EM kmastovska@arserrc.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 120-AGRO BP U102 EP U102 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800446 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Prueger, JH Gish, TJ Mckee, LG Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP AF McConnell, LL Prueger, JH Gish, TJ Mckee, LG Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP TI Solar radiation, relative humidity, and soil water effects on metolachlor volatilization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 078-AGRO BP U95 EP U96 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800406 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Barish, AO Morrison, SS AF McFeeters, RF Barish, AO Morrison, SS TI Oxygen and sulfite effects on the texture of acidified fruits and vegetables. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SAA, FSRU, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 184-AGFD BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800323 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Schrader, KK Burandt, CL Duke, SO AF Meepagala, KM Schrader, KK Burandt, CL Duke, SO TI Synthesis and evaluation of algicidal analogs from a chromene amide in Amyris texana. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 052-AGRO BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800381 ER PT J AU Novak, J AF Novak, J TI Quorum sensing and food safety SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, RI USA. EM jnovak@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 126-AGFD BP U70 EP U70 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800266 ER PT J AU Olson, DW Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Tomasula, PM Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA AF Olson, DW Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Tomasula, PM Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA TI Effect of seasonality and pasteurization of the cheesemilk on functional properties of aging Mexican mennonite cheese SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dolson@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 076-AGFD BP U61 EP U62 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800220 ER PT J AU Paoli, GC AF Paoli, GC TI Immunological biosensor-based methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gpaoli@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 169-AGFD BP U76 EP U77 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800309 ER PT J AU Parris, N Dickey, LC AF Parris, N Dickey, LC TI New biobased products using corn zein. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nparris@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 098-CELL BP U250 EP U250 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801141 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ Wagner, TL Shelton, TG Mulrooney, JE AF Peterson, CJ Wagner, TL Shelton, TG Mulrooney, JE TI New termiticides necessitate changes in efficacy testing: A case study of fipronil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, USDA, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 005-AGRO BP U84 EP U84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800334 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Preparation and deprotection of aldehyde dimethylhydrazones SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, REE, Agr Res Serv,Natl Ctr Agr Ulilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 084-AGFD BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800227 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Kimball, BA Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Kimball, BA Johnston, JJ TI Metabolites of chlorophacinone in California ground squirrels, pocket gophers and mountain beavers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Thomas.M.Primus@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 122-AGRO BP U102 EP U103 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800448 ER PT J AU Prior, R AF Prior, R TI Prevalence, structural diversity and biological significance of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in the American diet. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldi@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 103-CELL BP U251 EP U251 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801146 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL AF Prior, RL Wu, XL TI Lipophilic vs hydrophilic antioxidants: Can we assay both? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 023-AGFD BP U52 EP U53 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800167 ER PT J AU Qi, PBX Wickham, ED AF Qi, PBX Wickham, ED TI Importance of the C-terminal region of bovine beta-casein in its self-association behavior. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pqi@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 052-AGFD BP U58 EP U58 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800196 ER PT J AU Qian, MC Klesk, K Martin, R AF Qian, MC Klesk, K Martin, R TI Aroma evaluation of raspberry bushy dwarf virus resistant transgenic "Meeker" red raspberries. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 017-AGFD BP U51 EP U51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800161 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Bialek, K Angier, JT McCarty, G AF Rice, CP Bialek, K Angier, JT McCarty, G TI Persistence of metolachlor breakdown products in a riparian buffer system. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 152-AGRO BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800478 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Nagmani, R Feller, DR AF Rimando, AM Nagmani, R Feller, DR TI Pterostilbene as a new natural product agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) isoform SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Ulilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 085-AGFD BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800228 ER PT J AU Savary, BJ Nunez, A AF Savary, BJ Nunez, A TI Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of ester contents following base or enzyme hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bsavary@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 061-CARB BP U227 EP U228 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801018 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Sessa, DJ AF Selling, GW Sessa, DJ TI Effect of orientation on physical properties of zein based films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sellingg@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 099-CELL BP U250 EP U250 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801142 ER PT J AU Shea, JE Brown, EM Maffia, GJ Seltzer-Johnson, MA AF Shea, JE Brown, EM Maffia, GJ Seltzer-Johnson, MA TI Mass transfer method for the determination of the surface area of milled collagen using decorin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 165-ANYL BP U160 EP U161 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800651 ER PT J AU Smith, D Huwe, JK Lorentzsen, M Harrington, GE AF Smith, D Huwe, JK Lorentzsen, M Harrington, GE TI Biotransformation of [C-14]-phenylbutazone after oral or intravenous administration to cattle. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 124-AGRO BP U103 EP U103 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800450 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH AF Sommers, CH TI ACB's (alkylcyclobutanones) of food irradiation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 035-AGRO BP U88 EP U88 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800364 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH AF Sommers, CH TI Recent advances in food irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM csommers@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 136-AGFD BP U72 EP U72 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800276 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM AF Southwick, LM TI Influence of subsurface drains on runoff of pesticides from Mississippi River alluvial soil of southern Louisiana: Deep tillage needed. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM lsouthwick@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 077-AGRO BP U95 EP U95 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800405 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Griffin, DL Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Griffin, DL Johnston, JJ TI Determination of desmosterol concentration in a standard over time from the measured concentration of the degradate cholesterol using a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 119-AGRO BP U102 EP U102 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800445 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ TI Characterizing 3-chloro-P-toluidine hydrochloride on rough hulled rice and ethyl cellulose coated rice baits using high performance liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 102-AGRO BP U99 EP U99 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800429 ER PT J AU Strickland, TC Sullivan, DG Wauchope, D Bosch, DD Potter, TT AF Strickland, TC Sullivan, DG Wauchope, D Bosch, DD Potter, TT TI Using USDA-agricultural research service long-term watershed hydrology and water quality observations to estimate the quality of model predictions of the Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tstrickland@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 138-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800464 ER PT J AU Tamplin, M AF Tamplin, M TI Predicting the growth of microbial pathogens in food SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 155-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800295 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Preparation of biopolymers from renewable resources for potential application in leather processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mtaylor@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 087-CELL BP U248 EP U248 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801130 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW AF Thayer, DW TI Does irradiated food pose a health risk? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 USA. EM Dwscthayer@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 034-AGRO BP U88 EP U88 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800363 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Uknalis, J Gore, M Irwin, P AF Tu, SI Uknalis, J Gore, M Irwin, P TI Dynamic factors controlling the pathogen capture by immuno magnetic beads. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM stu@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 187-AGFD BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800326 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, MH TI Origin of cheese flavors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 159-AGFD BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800299 ER PT J AU Veith, TL Sharpley, AN Weld, JL AF Veith, TL Sharpley, AN Weld, JL TI P index validation via monitored data and SWAT modeling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Tamie.Veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 133-AGRO BP U104 EP U104 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800459 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, K TI Effects of tocopherol ratios on oxidative stability of soybean oil triacylglycerols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 008-AGFD BP U50 EP U50 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800152 ER PT J AU Widmer, WW AF Widmer, WW TI Health benefits of citrus polysaccharides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM wwidmer@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 143-AGFD BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800283 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL TI Processing and properties of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers prepared using reactive extrusion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 044-IEC BP U766 EP U766 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803024 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA AF Zerkowski, JA Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA TI Gemini sophorolipids, a new variety of glycosurfactants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jzerkowski@errc.ars.asda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 082-CARB BP U231 EP U231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801038 ER PT J AU Pohlenz, JF Dean-Nystrom, EA AF Pohlenz, JF Dean-Nystrom, EA TI Colonisation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on squamous epithelial cells at the rectal-anal junction SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Letter ID CALVES C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Pohlenz, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 21 PY 2004 VL 155 IS 8 BP 248 EP 248 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 852PF UT WOS:000223768200020 PM 15384514 ER PT J AU Link, TE Unsworth, M Marks, D AF Link, TE Unsworth, M Marks, D TI The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir-western hemlock ecosystem; Penman method; Gash model ID GASH ANALYTICAL MODEL; MARITIME PINE STAND; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PREDICTIVE MODEL; STORAGE CAPACITY; THETFORD FOREST; BEECH FOREST; THROUGHFALL; CANOPY; STEMFLOW AB Net canopy interception (I-net) during rainfall in an old-growth Douglas-fir-westem hemlock ecosystem was 22.8 and 25.0% of the gross rainfall (P-G) for 1999 and 2000, respectively. The average direct throughfall proportion (p) and canopy storage capacity (S) derived from high-temporal resolution throughfall measurements were 0.36 and 3.3 mm, respectively. Derived values of S were very sensitive to the estimated evaporation during canopy wetting (I-w). Evaporation during wetting was typically small due to low vapor pressure deficits that usually occur at the start of an event, therefore I-w is best estimated using the Penman method during canopy wetting, rather than assuming a constant evaporation rate over an entire event. S varied seasonally, from an average of 3.0 mm in the spring and fall, to 4.1 mm in the summer, coincident with canopy phenology changes. Interception losses during large storms that saturated the canopy accounted for 8 1% of I-net. Canopy drying after events comprised 47% of I-net, evaporation during rainfall comprised 33%, and evaporation during wetting accounted for 1%. Interception associated with small storms insufficient to saturate the canopy accounted for 19% of I-net. The Gash analytical model accurately estimated both Inet and the individual components of I-net in this system when applied on an event basis, and when the Penman method was used to compute evaporation during rainfall. The Gash model performed poorly when applied on a daily basis, due to a rainfall regime characterized by long-duration events, which violated the assumption of one rain event per day. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Link, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, POB 441133, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tlink@uidaho.edu RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 63 TC 105 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.010 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843HZ UT WOS:000223070600003 ER PT J AU Takle, ES Massman, WJ Brandle, JR Schmidt, RA Zhou, XH Litvina, IV Garcia, R Doyle, G Rice, CW AF Takle, ES Massman, WJ Brandle, JR Schmidt, RA Zhou, XH Litvina, IV Garcia, R Doyle, G Rice, CW TI Influence of high-frequency ambient pressure pumping on carbon dioxide efflux from soil SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil ventilation; soil gas transport; soil CO2 flux ID BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOWS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CO2 EFFLUX; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GAS-TRANSPORT; AIR MOVEMENT; SURFACE CO2; CHAMBER; SHELTERBELTS; FLUX AB We report measurements at 2 Hz of pressure fluctuations at and beneath the soil in an agricultural field with dry soil and no vegetation. The objective of our study was to examine the possible role of pressure fluctuations produced by fluctuations in ambient wind on the efflux of M at the soil surface. We observed that pressure fluctuations penetrate to 50 cm in the soil with little attenuation, thereby providing a mechanism for bulk transport of trace gases throughout the porous medium. Concurrent measurements of CO2 fluxes from the soil surface produced systematically larger values for larger values of root-mean-square pressure, pumping rate, and mean wind speed. Soil CO2 fluxes measured under conditions conducive to pressure pumping exceeded the diffusional fluxes, estimated from use of Fick's Law and concurrent vertical profiles of soil CO2, by a factor of 5-10. Extrapolation of measured fluxes to conditions uninfluenced by pressure pumping revealed that other mechanisms, such as thermal expansion of soil air caused by soil heating or flushing by evaporating water deep in the soil, may be contributing up to 60% to measured fluxes. Ambient meteorological conditions leading to flux enhancement may change on scales of hours to months, so these results underscore the need to report concurrent meteorological conditions when surface CO2 efflux measurements are made. They further suggest that fluctuations in the static pressure fields introduced by wind interactions with terrain and vegetation may lead to pressure pumping at the surface and hence large spatial inhomogeneities in soil fluxes of trace gases. Although our measurements were made at an agricultural field site and focused on CO2 efflux, the pressure pumping mechanism will be active on other sites, including forest environments, snow-covered surfaces, and fractured rocky surfaces. Furthermore, the physical processes examined apply to movement of other trace gases such as oxygen, water vapor, and methane. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Agrophys Res Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. LI COR Inc, Lincoln, NE USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Takle, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 3010 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gstakle@iastate.edu NR 43 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.014 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843HZ UT WOS:000223070600004 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Development of an ELISA to measure the humoral immune response of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis to Streptococcus iniae SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hybrid striped bass; Morone; Streptococcus iniae; ELISA; immunoglobulin; monoclonal antibody ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; INFECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; EFFICACY; VACCINE; SUIS AB A previously developed monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the heavy chain of hybrid striped bass (HSB) Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis immunoglobulin was used in an assay to detect the Immoral response to antigens of Streptococcus iniae. In order to validate this assay. an anti-S. iniae antibody was produced in HSB by immunization with formalin-killed cells of S. iniae mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). After boosting with cells mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), fish were challenged with live S. iniae by i.p. injection. This resulted in mortalities of 100%. 13% and 7% for non-immunized. immunized and non-challenged fish respectively Live S. iniae were recovered only from moribund non-immunized challenged fish. indicating that the immunization conferred protection against S. iniae. Sera were taken at 28 and 42 days post challenge and anti-S. iniae antibody was measured by both agglutination and indirect ELISA. Titres of anti-S. iniae antibody increased only in the immunized group as measured by agglutination and ELISA. Serum complement measured in the final bleeding was significantly higher in the immunized group. Western blotting using immune HSB serum indicated that the predominant antigen in this case was the high molecular weight polysaccharide of S. iniae. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM rshelby@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 10 BP 997 EP 1001 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01125.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 845GG UT WOS:000223228300012 ER PT J AU Saha, PK Kojima, H Martinez-Botas, J Sunehag, AL Chan, L AF Saha, PK Kojima, H Martinez-Botas, J Sunehag, AL Chan, L TI Metabolic adaptations in the absence of perilipin - Increased beta-oxidation and decreased hepatic glucose production associated with peripheral insulin resistance but normal glucose tolerance in perilipin-null mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HUMAN NEWBORN; LIPOLYSIS; INFANTS; GLUT4; GENE; INTOLERANCE AB Targeted disruption of the lipid droplet protein, perilipin, in mice leads to constitutional lipolysis associated with marked reduction in white adipose tissue as a result of unbridled lipolysis. To investigate the metabolic adaptations in response to the constitutive lipolysis, we studied perilipin-null (plin(-/-)) mice in terms of their fatty acid oxidation and glycerol and glucose metabolism homeostasis by using dynamic biochemical testing and clamp and tracer infusion methods. plin(-/-) mice showed increased beta-oxidation in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue resulting from a coordinated regulation of the enzymes and proteins involved in beta-oxidation. The increased beta-oxidation helped remove the extra free fatty acids created by the constitutive lipolysis. An increase in the expression of the transcripts for uncoupling proteins-2 and -3 also accompanied this increase in fatty acid oxidation. Adult plin(-/-) mice had normal plasma glucose but a reduced basal hepatic glucose production (46% that of plin(+/+)). Insulin infusion during low dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp further lowered the glucose production in plin(-/-) mice, but plin(-/-) mice also showed a 36% decrease (p < 0.007) in glucose disposal rate during the low dose insulin clamp, indicating peripheral insulin resistance. However, compared with plin(-/-) mice, 14-week-old plin(-/-) mice showed no significant difference in glucose disposal rate during the high dose hyperinsulinemic clamp, whereas 42-week-old plin(-/-) mice displayed significant insulin resistance on high dose hyperinsulinemic clamp. Despite increasing insulin resistance with age, plin(-/-) mice at different ages maintained a normal glucose response during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance curve, being compensated by the increased β-oxidation and reduced hepatic glucose production. These experiments uncover the metabolic adaptations associated with the constitutional lipolysis in plin(-/-) mice that allowed the mice to continue to exhibit normal glucose tolerance in the presence of peripheral insulin resistance. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chan, L (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Div Diabet Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Med, N520-10,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lchan@bcm.tmc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-51586] NR 44 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 34 BP 35150 EP 35158 DI 10.1074/jbc.M405499200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 846GJ UT WOS:000223303400005 PM 15197189 ER PT J AU Morris, CE Trask-Morrell, BJ Morris, NM Batiste, SL AF Morris, CE Trask-Morrell, BJ Morris, NM Batiste, SL TI Aqueous solubility, polymorphism, and pseudopolymorphism of meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The solubility of meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) in water and the nature of the solid phases in BTCA-water mixtures were studied. The form of BTCA that was isolated after crystallizing from a saturated aqueous solution and remaining in contact with the solution for over 4 years was BTCA(.)H(2)O. At 25 degreesC, a saturated aqueous solution of this product contained 6.99% BTCA. Other hydrates of BTCA were isolated after equilibration of BTCA with water at 25 degreesC for 1 h to 36 days. Thermal analysis identified these products as BTCA(.)2H(2)O after 1 h, BTCA(.)4H(2)O or BTCA-2H(2)O after 5 h, and BTCA(.)H(2)O after 15 and 36 days. The BTCA concentration in the liquid phase decreased from 18.67% after 5 h to 10.32% after 36 days. A saturated solution of BTCA(.)2H(2)O contained 18.38% BTCA. Several thermograms for BTCA(.)H(2)O or BTCA(.)2H(2)O contained endothermic peaks that are attributed to transitions between forms of anhydrous BTCA. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Morris, NM (reprint author), 52 New Salem Rd, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 17 BP 5347 EP 5349 DI 10.1021/ie030305x PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 846PK UT WOS:000223327700039 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Leka, LS Fine, BC Dallal, GE Keusch, GT Singh, MF Hamer, DH AF Meydani, SN Leka, LS Fine, BC Dallal, GE Keusch, GT Singh, MF Hamer, DH TI Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents - A randomized controlled trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; E SUPPLEMENTATION; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; RISK; PREVALENCE; RHINOVIRUS AB Context Respiratory tract infections are prevalent in elderly individuals, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and use of health care services. Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to improve immune response in elderly persons. However, the clinical importance of these findings has not been determined. Objective To determine the effect of 1 year of vitamin E supplementation on respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from April 1998 to August 2001 at 33 long-term care facilities in the Boston, Mass, area. A total of 617 persons aged at least 65 years and who met the study's eligibility criteria were enrolled; 451 (73%) completed the study. Intervention Vitamin E (200 IU) or placebo capsule administered daily; all participants received a capsule containing half the recommended daily allowance of essential vitamins and minerals. Main Outcome Measures incidence of respiratory tract infections, number of persons and number of days with respiratory tract infections (upper and lower), and number of new antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections among all participants randomized and those who completed the study. Results Vitamin E had no significant effect on incidence or number of days with infection for all, upper, or lower respiratory tract infections. However, fewer participants receiving vitamin E acquired 1 or more respiratory tract infections (60% vs 68%; risk ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [0], 0.76-1.00; P=.048 for all participants; and 65% vs 74%; RR, 0.88; 95% Cl, 0.75-0.99; P=.04 for completing participants), or upper respiratory tract infections (44% vs 52%; RR, 0.84; 95% Cl, 0.69-1.00; P=.05 for all participants; and 50% vs 62%; RR, 0.81; 95% Cl, 0.66-0.96; P=.01 for completing participants). When common colds were analyzed in a post hoc subgroup analysis, the vitamin E group had a lower incidence of common cold (0.67 vs 0.81 per person-year; RR, 0.83; 95% Cl, 0.68-1.01; P=.06 for all participants; and 0.66 vs 0.83 per person-year; RR, 0.80; 95% Cl, 0.64-0.98;, P=.04 for completing participants) and fewer participants in the vitamin E group acquired 1 or more colds (40% vs 48%; RR, 0.83; 95% Cl, 0.67-1.00; P=.05 for all participants; and 46% vs 57%; RR, 0.80; 95% Cl, 0.64-0.96; P=.02 for completing participants). Vitamin E had no significant effect on antibiotic use. Conclusions Supplementation with 200 IU per day of vitamin E did not have a statistically significant effect on lower respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents. However, we observed a protective effect of vitamin E supplementation on upper respiratory tract infections, particularly the common cold, that merits further investigation. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mt Auburn Hosp, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Univ Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG013975-05, R01 AG013975, 1R01-AG13975] NR 48 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 86 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 292 IS 7 BP 828 EP 836 DI 10.1001/jama.292.7.828 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 847FO UT WOS:000223378300023 PM 15315997 ER PT J AU Min, B Prout, M Hu-Li, J Zhu, JF Jankovic, D Morgan, ES Urban, JF Dvorak, AM Finkelman, FD LeGros, G Paul, WE AF Min, B Prout, M Hu-Li, J Zhu, JF Jankovic, D Morgan, ES Urban, JF Dvorak, AM Finkelman, FD LeGros, G Paul, WE TI Basophils produce IL-4 and accumulate in tissues after infection with a Th2-inducing parasite SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CD4 T cells; cytokine; green fluorescent protein; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis; liver ID NON-T CELLS; SPLENIC NON-B; HUMAN BLOOD BASOPHILS; HUMAN IGE SYNTHESIS; IMMUNITY IN-VIVO; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INTERLEUKIN-4 PRODUCTION; MOUSE BASOPHIL; DEFICIENT MICE AB Using mice in which the eGfp gene replaced the first exon of the Il4 gene (G4 mice), we examined production of interleukin (IL)-4 during infection by the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). Nb infection induced green fluorescent protein (GFP)(pos) cells that were FcepsilonRI(pos), CD49b(bright), c-kit(neg), and Gr1(neg). These cells had lobulated nuclei and granules characteristic of basophils. They were found mainly in the liver and lung, to a lesser degree in the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Although some liver basophils from naive mice express GFP, Nb infection enhanced GFP expression and increased the number of tissue basophils. Similar basophil GFP expression was found in infected Stat6(-/-) mice. Basophils did not increase in number in infected kag2(-/-) mice; Rag2(-/-) mice reconstituted with CD4 T cells allowed significant basophil accumulation, indicating that CD4 T cells can direct both tissue migration of basophils and enhanced IL-4 production. IL-4 production was immunoglobulin independent and only partially dependent on IL-3. Thus, infection with a parasite that induces a "Th2-type response" resulted in accumulation of tissue basophils, and these cells, stimulated by a non-FcR cross-linking mechanism, are a principal source of in vivo IL-4 production. C1 NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Malaghan Inst Med Res, Wellington, New Zealand. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Paul, WE (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, 20 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 11N314, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wpaul@niaid.nih.gov RI Zhu, Jinfang/B-7574-2012; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI033372, AI33372] NR 52 TC 251 Z9 258 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 4 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1084/jem.20040590 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 848GN UT WOS:000223455700010 PM 15314076 ER PT J AU Ross, RS AF Ross, RS TI Molecular and mechanical synergy: cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE molecular and mechanical synergy; integrins; growth factor receptors ID FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; STRETCH-INDUCED HYPERTROPHY; COLLAGEN GEL CONTRACTION; ANGIOTENSIN-II; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS; CELL-ADHESION AB The full repertoire of molecules and mechanisms which lead to cardiac hypertrophy are poorly understood. Many studies over the last several decades have shown how various growth factors are involved in the hypertrophic response. It has also been intuitively obvious that mechanical mechanisms which impose hemodynamic loads on the working myocardium must also be involved in this process. Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that are potent bi-directional signaling molecules. They are cellular mechanoreceptors in many cells and are clearly one of the molecules which orchestrate mechano-biochemical coupling in the heart. In recent years they too have been shown to be involved in the hypertrophic response pathway. This review will detail background information on integrins in general, discuss integrins in the myocardium and illustrate how integrin and growth factor signaling pathways might combinatorially function in the heart. (C) 2004 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Adm San Diego Healthcare Syst, Cardiol Sect, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. USDA, Sch Med, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. RP Ross, RS (reprint author), Vet Adm San Diego Healthcare Syst, Cardiol Sect, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr,111A, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. EM rross@ucsd.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL73393, HL57872] NR 87 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.04.027 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 845KP UT WOS:000223241600003 PM 15276463 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Dungan, RS Lesch, SM Zheng, W Guo, MX AF Papiernik, SK Yates, SR Dungan, RS Lesch, SM Zheng, W Guo, MX TI Effect of surface tarp on emissions and distribution of drip-applied fumigants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; SOIL FUMIGANT; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; COLUMNS; ISOTHIOCYANATE; PERMEABILITY; IRRIGATION AB Soil fumigants are used to control a wide variety of soilborne pests in high-cash-value crops. Application of soil fumigants through drip irrigation systems is receiving increasing attention as a method to improve the uniformity of fumigant application. Little information is available on the emissions and soil distribution of fumigants following subsurface drip application, or the effect of plastic tarp on fumigant emissions in these systems. In these experiments, the fumigant compounds 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), Vapam (a methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) precursor), and propargyl bromide (PrBr) were applied to soil beds via drip irrigation at 15 cm depth. Beds were tarped with either standard 1-mil high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or a virtually impermeable film (VIF), leaving the furrows bare. Cumulative emissions of 1,3-D, MITC, and PrBr in these tarped bedded systems was very low, amounting to <10% of the applied mass. These experiments were conducted in the winter months, with average air temperatures of 12-15 degreesC. Cumulative emissions of MITC and 1,3-D from a sandy loam field soil were decreased by greater than or equal to80% by tarping the bed with VIF rather than HDPE. A large fraction of the 1,3-D and PrBr flux was from the untarped furrows in VIF-tarped plots, indicating that inhibiting volatilization from the furrow will be important in further reducing emissions in these systems. Monitoring the fumigant distribution in soil indicated that tarping the bed with VIF resulted in a more effective containment of fumigant vapors compared to use of a HDPE tarp. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4254 EP 4262 DI 10.1021/es035423q PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300007 PM 15382850 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Whitelaw, CA Nierman, WC Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, JJ Whitelaw, CA Nierman, WC Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tags for identification of genes with putative roles in aflatoxin contamination of crops SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; expressed sequence tags; aflatoxin biosynthesis; mycotoxins; genetic regulation; pathogenesis ID SECONDARY METABOLISM; PARASITICUS; PATHWAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; REGULATOR; CLUSTER; CLONING; AFLJ AB I Aflatoxins, produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are among the most toxic and carcinogenic naturally occurring compounds. In an attempt to identify genes potentially involved in aflatoxin contamination of crops, and to better understand the biology of A. flavus, a large scale sequencing of A. flavus expressed sequence tags (EST) was conducted. The 5' ends of 26,110 cDNA clones from a normalized cDNA expression library were sequenced. After annotation, a total of 7218 unique ESTs in A. flavus were assembled into 3749 tentative concensus sequences and 3469 singleton sequences. The functional classifications of the genes or Gene Ontology (GO) terms were assigned to these ESTs. Genes potentially involved in the aflatoxin contamination process were identified in the ESTs sequenced. These include the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, signal transduction, global regulation, pathogenicity of the fungus, and stress response. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Feed Safety Res, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Feed Safety Res, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Jones, Cathy/A-7135-2011 OI Jones, Cathy/0000-0003-2844-2161 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 237 IS 2 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.06.054 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 847IK UT WOS:000223385700022 PM 15321681 ER PT J AU Tshabalala, MA Karthikeyan, KG Wang, D AF Tshabalala, MA Karthikeyan, KG Wang, D TI Cationized milled pine bark as an adsorbent for orthophosphate anions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; morphology; polyelectrolytes; renewable resources; surfaces ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEAVY-METAL IONS; WASTE-WATER; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; RECOVERY; FIBERS; DYES AB More efficient adsorption media are needed for removing dissolved phosphorus in surface water runoff. We studied the use of cationized pine bark as a sorbent for dissolved phosphorus in water. Cationized pine bark was prepared by treating extracted milled pine bark with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAA HCl) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in aqueous medium. Attachment of PAA HCl to the bark was monitored by percentage of weight gain and nitrogen content. Changes in bark surface chemistry were characterized by zeta potential and inverse gas chromatography measurements. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine changes in chemical composition and morphology of the cationized bark. The cationized bark showed a decrease in the dispersive component of the surface energy and a barely measurable change in the surface acid-base properties. In the pH range 2.5 to 7.9, the cationized bark showed a positive zeta potential, which changed to negative at pH 7.9 or higher. By comparison, the zeta potential of control extracted bark remained negative throughout the pH range of 2.5 to 9. We propose that the reaction of bark with PAA HCl results in a surface network of fixed cationic sites of quaternary ammonium that have mobile chloride ions as counter anions. Preliminary results from batch adsorption experiments indicate that cationized milled bark has an estimated maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 12.65 mg phosphate/g, which compares favorably with that of other well-known phosphorus sorbents. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1577 EP 1583 DI 10.1002/app.20637 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 835KJ UT WOS:000222481500011 ER PT J AU Endsley, JJ Furrer, JL Endsley, MA McIntosh, MA Maue, AC Waters, WR Lee, DR Estes, DM AF Endsley, JJ Furrer, JL Endsley, MA McIntosh, MA Maue, AC Waters, WR Lee, DR Estes, DM TI Characterization of bovine homologues of granulysin and NK-lysin SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; MECHANISM; LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; SEQUENCE; CD4(+); VIRUS; DEATH AB Granulysin and NK-lysin are antimicrobial proteins found in the granules of human and swine cytotoxic lymphocytes. A murine-counterpart to granulysin has not been identified to date, indicating the importance of additional models to fully characterize the role of granulysin-like molecules in the immune response to infectious disease. Two partial nucleotide sequences corresponding to the complete functional domain of granulysin and NK-lysin were amplified from bovine PBMC mRNA. Following stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium, ionophore, expression of the bovine gene was detected in CD3(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, WC1(+) gammadelta T cells, and PBMC depleted of CD3(+) T cells, but was absent in CD21(+) cells and CD14(+) cells. Intracellular How cytometry and immunoblotting confirmed the presence of protein corresponding to the bovine granulysin homologue in activated T lymphocytes and PBMC. Synthetic human, bovine, and swine peptides corresponding to the C terminus of helix 2 through helix 3 region of granulysin displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Human and bovine peptides corresponding to helix 2 displayed antimycobacterial activity against M.. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Expression of the bovine gene was detected in laser microscopy-dissected lymph node lesions from an M. bovis-infected animal. The identification of a biologically active bovine homologue to granulysin demonstrates the potential of the bovine model in characterizing the role of granulysin in the immune response to a variety of infectious agents. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Estes, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Childrens Hosp 2330 F, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM dmestes@utmb.edu RI Furrer, Jason/A-8867-2008 NR 31 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 173 IS 4 BP 2607 EP 2614 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 845AV UT WOS:000223208900049 PM 15294977 ER PT J AU Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, RM Glahn, RP TI Assessment of iron bioavailability from twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Caco-2; bioavailability; iron; zinc; late-tropical maize; West and Central Africa ID CULTURE MODEL AB An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used to assess iron bioavailability of twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties grown in three diverse agroecologies in West and Central Africa (WCA). Kernel-iron concentration of the varieties, averaged across locations, varied from 19.2 to 24.4 mg kg(-1), while mean kernel-zinc concentration ranged between 19.4 and 24.6mgkg(-1). Significant differences in iron bioavailability were observed among varieties, but the environment had no significant effect. Mean bioavailable iron ranged between 14% below and 43% above the reference control variety, TZB-SR. Variety DMR-LSR-Y with the highest concentrations of kernel-iron and -zinc of 24-25 mg kg(-1) across the three locations had a similar quantity of bioavailable iron as the reference control, TZB-SR. In the long run this variety could be potentially effective in reducing iron deficiency because of its high kernel-iron. The most promising varieties were Mid-altitude STR synthetic and ACR91SUWAN-1-SRC1. They had kernel-iron and -zinc levels of 22-24mgkg(-1) and bioavailable iron 24-36% higher than the reference control, TZB-SR. Additional research is necessary to determine if the increases in kernel-iron concentration and bioavailable iron observed in this study can significantly improve the iron status of individuals in WCA at risk for iron deficiency. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lambourn & Co, Int Inst Trop Agr, Croydon CR9 3EE, England. RP Oikeh, SO (reprint author), Africa Rice Ctr, ADRAO, WARDA, 01 BP 4029, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. EM s.oikeh@cgiar.org NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1206 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1805 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 841JF UT WOS:000222925400018 ER PT J AU Goffman, FD Bergman, CJ AF Goffman, FD Bergman, CJ TI Rice kernel phenolic content and its relationship with antiradical efficiency SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the AACC CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL Montreal, CANADA SP AACC DE rice; phenolics; antioxidant; tannins; antiradical efficiency; DPPH ID BLACK RICE; RED AB Plant phenolics exert beneficial effects on human health and may also prevent oxidative deterioration of food. Two field experiments were carried out for characterising phenolics in rice. The first assay was conducted in 1999 and 2000 in Beaumont, TX and included five light-brown, two purple and 10 red pericarp coloured cultivars. 'Bran colour' was highly statistically significant for both bran phenolic concentration and antiradical efficiency (p < 0.001). 'Year' and its interaction with bran colour were not significant for the analysed traits, suggesting that seasonal differences and their interactions may not affect phenolic content or antiradical efficiency. The accessions ranged from 3.1 to 45.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g(-1) bran and from 10.0 to 345.3 muM trolox equivalents (TE) g(-1) bran for total phenolic content and antiradical efficiency respectively. The light-brown bran genotypes exhibited the lowest values for phenolic content and antiradical efficiency, whereas red bran ones displayed ca 10 times higher total phenolic content and more than 50 times higher tannin content than light-brown ones. The two purple lines showed either low or high values for the studied traits. Antiradical efficiency of rice bran extracts was highly positively correlated with total phenolic content (r = 0.99***), suggesting that phenolics are the main compounds responsible for the free radical-scavenging activity in rice bran extracts. In the second field experiment (Stuttgart, AR, 2001 and Beaumont, TX, 2000), 133 coloured rice cultivars were analysed for total phenolic content in whole grain. The accessions showed a large variation for total phenolics, ranging from 0.69 to 2.74mg GAE g(-1) grain. The data confirmed previous results suggesting bran colour as the main factor affecting phenolic concentration in rice kernel and seasonal effects and their interactions as not significant. The results also confirm that within red and purple bran groups can be found the highest phenolic concentrations in rice kernel. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Goffman, FD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fgoffman@lycos.com NR 10 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1780 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 841JF UT WOS:000222925400023 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Stewart, SI Bengston, DN AF Gobster, PH Stewart, SI Bengston, DN TI The social aspects of landscape change: protecting open space under the pressure of development SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 1 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.003 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600001 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JF Childs, GM AF Dwyer, JF Childs, GM TI Movement of people across the landscape: a blurring of distinctions between areas, interests, and issues affecting natural resource management SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA HO INDIANA UNIV DE urban sprawl; natural resources management; landscape change ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; LAND-COVER; PERCEPTIONS; VALUES AB The spread of development from cities into surrounding forests and farms continues to receive a great deal of attention from the media and resource managers in the US and other countries. However, suburban sprawl is just one of many inter-linked components of the movement of people across the landscape that influence resource management. Substantial changes are taking place in urban areas, fringe areas, and rural recreation/amenity areas. In this paper, we describe these changes, explore their commonalities and interconnectedness, and discuss the implications that they may have for natural resource management. What emerges is a blurring of the distinctions between what have traditionally been considered "urban" or "rural" problems with respect to natural resource issues, interest group concerns, and resource management strategies. Our findings suggest prospects for substantial changes in resource management and the public and private programs designed to support it. Among the emphasis areas for natural resource management that emerge with the changing distribution of people over the landscape are changes in management situations, management processes, and research needs. The changing management situations include increased emphasis on interface and intermix areas, restoring human-impacted natural areas, and addressing complex ecosystem problems. Changing management processes include adaptive forest management, working collaboratively with diverse landowners and other partners, interacting with citizens on a regular basis, and taking a landscape perspective on natural resources and their management. Questions for policy and program development and for research focus on a better understanding of linkages among management activities across the urban to rural landscape. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dwyer, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM jdwyer@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.004 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600002 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Rickenbach, MG AF Gobster, PH Rickenbach, MG TI Private forestland parcelization and development in Wisconsin's Northwoods: perceptions of resource-oriented stakeholders SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA HO INDIANA UNIV DE parcelization; development; private forest landowners; land protection ID LAND-COVER; MANAGEMENT; OWNERS; TIMBER; PLACE; SENSE AB Increases in the parcelization and development of private forestlands in the US and other countries have become a major concern of natural resource agencies and groups. This concern is particularly heightened in heavily forested areas such as Wisconsin's "Northwoods," where private lands make up a majority of the forest area and play a critical role in supplying economic, ecological, and quality of life values. As a part of the Forest Fragmentation Education Initiative, we assisted the non-governmental group 1000 Friends of Wisconsin in identifying the range of perceptions and concerns about parcelization and development held by public land managers, conservation and environmental organizations, forest industry groups, non-industrial woodland owners, and other resource-oriented stakeholders (N = 182). Employing a qualitative methodology involving facilitated workshop discussion and thematic analysis, we identified critical themes in four main areas: (1) Patterns-parcelization and development are exhibiting a range of patterns on the forest landscape in terms of movement, distribution, size, and rate of change. (2) Drivers-the attractiveness of the Northwoods and people's concept of the good life, combined with changes in the economic, demographic, and technological aspects of society, are seen as causal agents behind increased parcelization and development. (3) Effects-while some aspects of parcelization and development might benefit residents and nature in the Northwoods, most effects are seen as negatively impacting recreation opportunities, forest health, local communities, the timber-based economies. (4) Solutions-an integrated strategy is needed to guide future growth and ameliorate the negative impacts of parcelization and development, including planning and regulation, taxes and incentives, acquisition and funding, and education and ethics. Implications for planning, research, and program development are noted. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn Chicago, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn Chicago, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.005 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600003 ER PT J AU Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Winkler, RL Radeloff, VC Voss, PR AF Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Winkler, RL Radeloff, VC Voss, PR TI Characterizing dynamic spatial and temporal residential density patterns from 1940-1990 across the North Central United States SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA HO INDIANA UNIV DE housing density; housing growth; sprawl; amenity growth; cluster analysis; landscape change ID URBAN-POPULATION DENSITY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ROADS; MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN; MIDWEST; GROWTH; SPACE; CITY AB The spatial deconcentration of population during the 20th century and the resulting expansion of human settlements has been a significant cause of anthropogenic landscape change in the United States and many other countries. In the seven-state North Central Region, as in other regions of the US, changing human settlement patterns are most prominent at the outlying fringe of metropolitan areas and in rural regions with attractive recreational and aesthetic amenities. This process of growth and change has profound implications for the ecology of the region that will require the reformulation of resource management policies. We use attribute clustering of both housing density and housing growth for each decade from 1940 to 1990 to illuminate the dynamic process of housing density change in the North Central Region. While cross-sectional housing density maps display the uniformity of residential density within urban, suburban, and rural areas, historic density clustering demonstrates the spatial variability of density trajectories in urban and suburban areas, and the relative stability and homogeneity of more rural density trajectories. Clusters based on housing growth, without regard to absolute density, reveal similarities between urban cores and rural areas, where in both cases, housing growth has been very slow in recent decades. We identify density/growth clusters with high potential for future growth, which are spatially clustered on the periphery of metropolitan areas, in smaller urban centers, and in recreational areas throughout the region. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammer, RB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, 1450 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rhammer@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 45 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 183 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.011 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600004 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ Kline, JD Lichtenstein, M AF Alig, RJ Kline, JD Lichtenstein, M TI Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA HO INDIANA UNIV DE land use economics; land allocation; landscape planning; urbanization trends and projections ID LAND-USE; ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; DETERMINANTS AB Conversion of rural lands to urban and other built-up uses affects the mix of commodities and services produced from the built-up uses global land base. In the United States, there was a 34% increase in the amount of land devoted to urban and built between 1982 and 1997. This increase came predominantly from the conversion of croplands and forestland, with the largest increases in developed area happening in the southern region of the country. In an analysis of drivers influencing developed land uses in the US, we found results that were consistent with hypothesized relationships, including significant increases in development as a result of increases in population density and personal income. From these results, we projected changes in potential future urbanization and development by 2025 given estimated increases in population and real personal income. The projections suggest continued urban expansion over the next 25 years, with the magnitude of increase varying by region. US developed area is projected to increase by 79%, raising the proportion of the total land base that is developed from 5.2 to 9.2%. Because much of the growth is expected in areas relatively stressed with respect to human-environment interactions, such as some coastal counties, implications for landscape and urban planning include potential impacts on sensitive watersheds, riparian areas, wildlife habitat, and water supplies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Nat Resources Branch, Training Support Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 187 Z9 208 U1 16 U2 153 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600006 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN Fletcher, JO Nelson, KC AF Bengston, DN Fletcher, JO Nelson, KC TI Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space: policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA HO INDIANA UNIV DE policy instruments; growth management; open space; regulation; incentives ID DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS; MANAGEMENT; LAND; FARMLAND; PURCHASE AB The public sector in the United States has responded to growing concern about the social and environmental costs of sprawling development patterns by creating a wide range of policy instruments designed to manage urban growth and protect open space. These techniques have been implemented at the local, regional, state and, to a limited extent, national levels. This paper provides a systematic review of the extensive literature that describes these public policies and their implementation. The main public policy instruments for managing urban growth and protecting open space at various governmental levels are identified and briefly described, including public acquisition of land, regulatory approaches, and incentive-based approaches. Key lessons are gleaned from the literature on the implementation of growth management policies. Our assessment of lessons found: (1) a lack of empirical evaluations of growth management policies, (2) administrative efficiency and other details of policy implementation-rather than the general type of policy-are critical in determining their effectiveness, (3) the use of multiple policy instruments that reinforce and complement each other is needed to increase effectiveness and avoid unintended consequences, (4) vertical and horizontal coordination are critical for successful growth management but are often inadequate or lacking, and (5) meaningful stakeholder participation throughout the planning process and implementation is a cornerstone of effective growth management. Faced with a rowing population and increasingly land consumptive development patterns, more effective policies and programs will be required to stem the tide of urban sprawl in the United States. We conclude with a discussion of potential federal roles in managing development and coordinating state, regional, and local growth management efforts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Minnesota Forest Resources Council, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbengston@fs.fed.us NR 87 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 13 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2-3 BP 271 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.007 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 831OI UT WOS:000222203600010 ER PT J AU Park, SW Vepachedu, R Owens, RA Vivanco, JM AF Park, SW Vepachedu, R Owens, RA Vivanco, JM TI The N-glycosidase activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein ME1 targets single-stranded regions of nucleic acids independent of sequence or structural motifs SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POKEWEED ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN; RICIN-A-CHAIN; POLYNUCLEOTIDE-ADENOSINE GLYCOSIDASE; CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; RNA IDENTITY ELEMENTS; IN-VIVO; ALPHA-SARCIN; SYNTHETIC OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDE; NONSPECIFIC DEADENYLATION; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES AB ME1, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein ( RIP), belongs to a family of enzymes long believed to possess rRNA N-glycosidase activity directed solely at the universally conserved residue A4324 in the sarcin/ricin loop of large eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs. We have investigated the effect of modifying the structure of non-ribosomal RNA substrates on their interaction with ME1 and other RIPs. ME1 was shown to depurinate a variety of partially denatured nucleic acids, randomly removing adenine residues from single-stranded regions and, to a lesser extent, guanine residues from wobble base-pairs in hairpin stems. A defined sequence motif was not required for recognition of non-paired adenosines and cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond. Substrate recognition and ME1 activity appeared to depend on the physical availability of nucleotides, and denaturation of nucleic acid substrates increased their interaction with ME1. Pretreatment of mRNA at 75 degreesC rather than 60 degreesC, for example, lowered the apparent K-D from 87.1 to 73.9 nM, making it more vulnerable to depurination by RIPs. Exposure to ME1 in vitro completely abolished the infectivity of partially denatured RNA transcripts of the potato spindle tuber viroid, suggesting that RIPs may target invading nucleic acids before they reach host ribosomes in vivo. Our data suggest that the extensive folding of many potential substrates interferes with their ability to interact with RIPs, thereby blocking their inactivation by ME1 (or other RIPs). C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Shepardson Bldg,Rm 217, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu NR 69 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 33 BP 34165 EP 34174 DI 10.1074/jbc.M400105200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 844CL UT WOS:000223134800014 PM 15123667 ER PT J AU Adlof, R List, G AF Adlof, R List, G TI Analysis of triglyceride isomers by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography - Effect of column temperature on retention times SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE temperature effects; retention times; geometric isomers; positional isomers; silver-ion chromatography; triglycerides; triacylglycerols; fatty acid methyl esters ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; POSITIONAL ISOMERS; STATIONARY-PHASE; AG+-HPLC; SEPARATION; LIPIDS AB Silver ion chromatography (Ag-HPLC), utilizing columns packed with silver ions bonded to a silica or similar substrate, has proven to be a powerful technique for the analytical separation of cis and trans geometric and positional fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and triacylglycerol (TAG) isomers. In this manuscript, we utilize an HPLC column chiller/heater to study the effects of Ag-HPLC column temperatures on elution rates of FAME and TAG isomers. Two Varian ChromSpher lipids columns connected in series and isocratic solvent systems of 1.0% or 1.5% acetonitrile (ACN) in hexane were used to analyze FAMEs (zero to six double bonds; cis/trans isomers), TAGs (homogeneous (triacetyl-, tristearoyl-, trioleoyl-, trilinocyl- and trilinolenoyl-glycerols) and positional (1,3-distearoyl,2-monolinolenoyl- and 1,2-distearoyl, 3-monolinolenoylglycerol, etc.)) mixtures at four different temperatures (10 degreesC, 20 degreesC, 30 degreesC or 40degrees C). Unexpectedly, the unsaturated FAME and TAG samples were found to elute more slowly at higher temperatures, a result just the opposite to the usual temperature effect (where samples elute more rapidly at higher temperatures) noted in gas and most liquid (reversed-phase or silica gel substrates) chromatography systems. This effect in Ag-HPLC may be limited to hexane-based solvent systems (it does not seem to occur with chlorinated hydrocarbon-based solvents); its magnitude is directly related to the total number of double bonds in the sample. It is also more evident with cis than with trans double bonds. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adlofro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 1046 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.012 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 847AP UT WOS:000223361300015 PM 15387177 ER PT J AU Zhou, Q Mark, RB Alvaro, H Liu, ZLL Kummerow, FA AF Zhou, Q Mark, RB Alvaro, H Liu, ZLL Kummerow, FA TI 27-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits neutral sphingomyelinase in cultured human endothelial cells SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 27-hydroxycholesterol; neutral sphingomyelinase; sphingomyelin content; cultured human endothelial cells ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; CHOLESTEROL; OXYSTEROLS; 25-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL; ACCUMULATION; PLASMA; 26-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB To study the effect of 27-hydroxycholesterol (270HC) on the catabolism of sphingomyelin, we cultured endothelial cells (ECs) from human umbilical veins with 270HC, then measured activities of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) and sphingomyelin consumption by using [C-14] sphingomyelin, and determined NSMase mRNA expressions by RT-PCR method. The results indicated that [C-14]sphingomyelin accumulated in cells treated with 270HC, and that the activities of both NSMase and ASMase were inhibited in ECs cultured with 270HC. To further study the effect of 270HC on NSMase, we used desipramine, an inhibitor of ASMase, to exclude the possible interference of ASMase's residual activity at neutral condition. Also, we observed the significant inhibition of NSMase activity by using glutathione, an inhibitor of NSMase, but found no further impact when 270HC was added later. To determine whether the inhibition of NSMase activity was directly due to the effect of 270HC, we exposed cell homogenate to 270HC, and found no inhibitive effect of 270HC on the activity of NSMase. All of our data confirmed that 270HC had only an indirect inhibitive effect on NSMase. Our finding that no change of the NSMase mRNA expression by 270HC indicated that the inhibitive effect of 270HC on NSMase activity occurred at a post-transcriptional level. We suggest that an altered membrane fluidity caused by 270HC could be involved in the inhibited activity of NSMase. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Burnsides Res Lab 205, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. HE Moore Heart Res Fdn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Funct Genom Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kummerow, FA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Burnsides Res Lab 205, 1208 W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fkummero@uiuc.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 13 BP 1567 EP 1577 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.004 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 841WJ UT WOS:000222962300004 PM 15261762 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL TI Generation of reassortant influenza vaccines by reverse genetics that allows utilization of a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy for the control of avian influenza SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; DIVA strategy; reverse genetics ID OIL-EMULSION VACCINES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; CHICKENS; VIRUSES; H5; PROTECTION; SUBTYPES; NEURAMINIDASE; ASSAY AB Vaccination of poultry with inactivated influenza vaccine can be an effective tool in the control of avian influenza (AI). One major concern of using inactivated vaccine is vaccine-induced antibody interference with serologic surveillance and epidemiology. In the United States, low pathogenicity H5 and H7 subtype AI viruses have caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Most of these viruses also have the accompanying N2 subtype and no H5N1 or H7N8 subtype AI viruses have been identified in poultry in the US. In order to allow the Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) while maintaining maximum efficacy of the vaccine, we generated reassortant viruses by reverse genetics that contained the same H5 and H7 hemagglutinin (HA) gene as the challenge virus, but a heterologous N1 or N8 neuraminidase (NA) gene. In vaccination-challenge experiments in 2-week-old specific pathogen free chickens, reassortant influenza vaccines (rH5N1 and rH7N8) demonstrated similar antibody profiles and comparable protection rates as vaccines prepared with parent H5N2 and H7N2 viruses. Further, we were able to differentiate the sera from infected and vaccinated birds by neuraminidase inhibition test and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay on the basis of different antibodies elicited by their NA proteins. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a reverse genetics system for the rapid generation of reassortant AI virus that allows utilization of the DIVA strategy for the control of AI infections in poultry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 31 TC 79 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 23-24 BP 3175 EP 3181 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.055 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 849AO UT WOS:000223509800029 PM 15297071 ER PT J AU Kringel, H Dubey, JP Beshah, E Hecker, R Urban, JF AF Kringel, H Dubey, JP Beshah, E Hecker, R Urban, JF TI CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides enhance porcine immunity to Toxoplasma gondii SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE synthetic adjuvant; immunostimulatory sequences; protective immunity ID BACTERIAL-DNA; IFN-GAMMA; IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DNA; NONPERSISTENT STRAIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MICE; PIGS; INFECTION; OOCYSTS AB Protection against a challenge infection with Toxoplasma gondii VEG strain oocysts was examined in pigs after vaccination with T gondii RH strain tachyzoites with or without a porcine specific synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs. Six groups of pigs were immunized with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and either vehicle, tachyzoites alone or in combination with three different doses of CpG ODN or with CpG ODN alone. Protection from challenge was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in pigs vaccinated using CpG ODN as an adjuvant with tachyzoites compared to all other groups. The CpG ODN tachyzoite-immunized pigs also had higher serum parasite specific IgG antibody, no clinical signs of disease, and 52% had no demonstrable tissue cysts after the challenge infection. These data indicate that CpG ODN is a potential safe and effective adjuvant for the T gondii RH strain vaccine in pigs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Copenhagen C, Denmark. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany. RP Urban, JF (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Copenhagen C, Denmark. EM urbanj@307.bhnrc.usda.gov RI Hecker, Rolf/C-1443-2008; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.01.021 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 845NY UT WOS:000223252800007 PM 15265571 ER PT J AU Kaplan, RM Burke, JM Terrill, TH Miller, JE Getz, WR Mobini, S Valencia, E Williams, MJ Williamson, LH Larsen, M Vatta, AF AF Kaplan, RM Burke, JM Terrill, TH Miller, JE Getz, WR Mobini, S Valencia, E Williams, MJ Williamson, LH Larsen, M Vatta, AF TI Validation of the FAMACHA (c) eye color chart for detecting clinical anemia in sheep and goats on farms in the southern United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FAMACHA((c)); eye color chart; sheep; goat; anthelmintic resistance; Haemonchus contortus ID FECAL EGG COUNTS; MULTIPLE ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; PERIPARTURIENT RISE; PARASITE CONTROL; LATIN-AMERICA; ANGORA-GOATS; PREVALENCE; AFRICA AB Recent studies on sheep and goat farms in the southern United States indicate that multiple-anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus is becoming a severe problem. Though many factors are involved in the evolution of resistance, the proportion of the parasite population under drug selection is believed to be the single most important factor influencing how rapidly resistance develops. Therefore, where prevention of resistance is an important parallel goal of worm control, it is recommended to leave a portion of the animals untreated. Recently, a novel system called FAMACHA(R) was developed in South Africa, which enables clinical identification of anemic sheep and goats. When H. contortus is the primary parasitic pathogen, this system can be applied on the farm level to reduce the number of treatments administered, thereby increasing the proportion of the worm population in refugia. Since most studies validating the FAMACHA(C) method have been performed in South Africa, it is important that the method be tested in other regions before its use is broadly recommended. We performed a validation study of FAMACHA(C) by testing the system in sheep (n = 847) and goats (n = 537) of various breeds and ages from 39 farms located in Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, and the US Virgin Islands. The color of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA(C) card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of packed cell volume (PCV). Fecal samples were also collected from a majority of the animals tested for performance of fecal egg counts (FEC). Correlations between PCV and eye scores, PCV and FEC, and FEC and eye scores were all highly significant for both sheep and goats (P < 0.001). Data for both FAMACHA(C) scores and PCV were evaluated using two separate criteria for anemia: eye score values of 3, 4 and 5 or 4 and 5, and PCV values of < 19 or < 15 were considered anemic. Specificity was maximized when eye score values of 4 and 5 were considered anemic and PCV cut off for anemia was < 19, but sensitivity was low. In contrast, sensitivity was 100% for both sheep and goats when eye score values of 3, 4 and 5 were considered anemic and PCV cut off was < 15, but specificity was low. In both sheep and goats, predictive value of a negative was greater than 92% for all anemia and eye score categories, and was greater than 99% for both eye score categories when an anemia cutoff of < 15 was used. Predictive value of a positive test was low under all criteria indicating that many non-anemic animals would be treated using this system. However, compared to conventional dosing practices where all animals are treated, a large proportion of animals would still be left untreated. These data indicate that the FAMACHA(C) method is an extremely useful tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern US and US Virgin Islands. However, further studies are required to determine optimal strategies for incorporating FAMACHA(C)-based selective treatment protocols into integrated nematode control programs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Coll Agr, Home Econ & Allied Programs, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Agr Expt Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Sect Parasitol, Dept Vet Microbiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Inderstepoort Vet Inst, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Kaplan, RM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rkaplan@vet.uga.edu NR 37 TC 115 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.06.005 PG 16 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 845NY UT WOS:000223252800011 PM 15265575 ER PT J AU Westfall, RD Millar, CI AF Westfall, RD Millar, CI TI Genetic consequences of forest population dynamics influenced by historic climatic variability in the western USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Dynamics and Conservation of Genetic Diversity in Forest Ecosystems CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Commiss, INRA, IPGRI EUFORGEN, IUFRO, ECOFOR, French Minist Agr, City Strasbourg DE climatic response; climate change; genetic statistics; quantitative genetic variation; tree-ring analysis ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; EUROPEAN WHITE OAKS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SIERRA-NEVADA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; PINUS-CONTORTA; HEIGHT GROWTH; POLLEN FLOW; PATTERNS; HOLOCENE AB We review recent advances in climate science that show cyclic climatic variation over multiple time scales and give examples of the impacts of this variation on plant populations in the western USA. The paleohistorical reconstructions we review and others indicate that plant species track these cycles in individualistically complex ways. These dynamic histories suggest that genetic structures are in a non-equilibrium state, with populations constantly lagging their environmental optima. Such dynamism may serve to maintain genetic variation in populations, which may be a hedge against rapid environmental change. We also discuss how population history affects the way we analyze and interpret genetic data and, conversely, the way genetic theory affects historical reconstructions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Westfall, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM bwestfall@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 116 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.011 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 847HG UT WOS:000223382700013 ER PT J AU Ndung'u, MW Kaoneka, B Hassanali, A Lwande, W Hooper, AM Tayman, F Zerbe, O Torto, B AF Ndung'u, MW Kaoneka, B Hassanali, A Lwande, W Hooper, AM Tayman, F Zerbe, O Torto, B TI New mosquito larvicidal tetranortriterpenoids from Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Turraea wakefieldii; T. floribunda; Anopheles gambiae; limonoids; mosquito larvicidal activity ID LIMONOIDS AB The crude methanol extracts of the root barks of Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda were found to show mosquito larvicidal activity against third-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Four new limonoids comprising a vilasininoid 1 and three havanensinoids 2-4 were isolated from the chloroform fractions of the methanol extracts of T. wakefieldii and T. floribunda, respectively. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 had LD50 values of 7.1, 4.0, and 3.6 ppm, respectively, and were more potent than azadirachtin, which had an LD50 value of 57.1 ppm when tested against larvae of A. gambiae. C1 Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Rothamsted Res, Biol Chem Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Univ Cape Coast, Dept Chem, Cape Coast, Ghana. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Pharm, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Torto, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 S-W 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM btorto@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu FU PHS HHS [U19A14511-01] NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5027 EP 5031 DI 10.1021/jf049474y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000016 PM 15291470 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Prinyawiwatkul, W Negulescu, II Reppond, KD AF Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Prinyawiwatkul, W Negulescu, II Reppond, KD TI Properties of protein powders from arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and herring (Clupea harengus) byproducts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arrowtooth flounder; fish byproducts; fish protein powders; functional properties; herring; thermal analysis ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; SOLUBILITY; PEPTIDES; MUSCLE; CASEIN AB Functional, nutritional, and thermal properties of freeze-dried protein powders (FPP) from whole herring (WHIP), herring body (HBP), herring head (HHP), herring gonad (HGP), and arrowtooth flounder fillets (AFP) were evaluated. The FPP samples have desirable nutritional and functional properties and contained 63-81.4% protein. All FPP samples had desirable essential amino acid profiles and mineral contents. The emulsifying and fat adsorption capacities of all FIPP samples were higher than those of soy protein concentrate. The emulsifying stability of WHP was lower than that of egg albumin but greater than that of soy protein concentrate. Thermal stability of the FPP samples is in the following order: HGP > HBP > WHIP > HHP > AFP. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Seafood Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfos.uaf.edu NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5040 EP 5046 DI 10.1021/jf0351422 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000018 PM 15291472 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Dowd, PF AF Johnson, ET Dowd, PF TI Differentially enhanced insect resistance, at a cost, in Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively expressing a transcription factor of defensive metabolites SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Spodoptera; cabbage looper; Trichoplusia; PAP1; anthocyanin; phenylpropanold ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MAIZE; PLANTS; COTTON; ACID; ANTHOCYANIN; REGULATOR; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB A transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively expressing a conserved MYB transcription factor of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis resulting in solid-purple leaves had significantly increased resistance to leaf feeding by first instar fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda), but no enhanced resistance to cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) larvae, when compared to wild type plants. However, inflorescence and silique (seed pod) production were significantly reduced by 22 and 52%, respectively, in the transgenic line compared to wild type plants. Reduction in feeding by S. frugiperda was significantly positively correlated with reduction in weights of survivors, but both were negatively correlated with the concentration of anthocyanins. These results indicate that a single gene regulator can activate a defensive pathway sufficient to produce increased resistance to insects but that this activation confers a cost in plant productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bio Protect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Johnson, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bio Protect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM johnet@ncaur.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5135 EP 5138 DI 10.1021/jf0308049 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000032 PM 15291486 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Rimando, AM Duke, SO AF Reddy, KN Rimando, AM Duke, SO TI Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate, causes injury in glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aminomethylphosphonic acid; chlorophyll; glyphosate; herbicide-resistant crop; shikimic acid; transgenic crop ID SHIKIMIC ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; ACCUMULATION; CHLOROPHYLL; GROWTH; SALTS; CROPS AB Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was developed by stable integration of a foreign gene that codes insensitive enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway, the target pathway of glyphosate. Application of glyphosate to GR soybean results in injury under certain conditions. It was hypothesized that if GR soybean is completely resistant to the glyphosate, injury could be caused by a metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a known phytotoxin. Glyphosate and AMPA effects on one- to two-trifoliolate leaf stage (16-18-days old) GR and non-GR soybean were examined in the greenhouse. In GR soybean, a single application of glyphosate-isopropylammonium (1.12-13.44 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 did not significantly reduce the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf at 7 days after treatment (DAT) or the shoot dry weight at 14 DAT compared with Tween 20 alone. A single application of AMPA (0.12-8.0 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 reduced the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf by 0-52% at 4 DAT and reduced shoot fresh weight by 0-42% at 14 DAT in both GR and non-GR soybeans compared with Tween 20 alone. AMPA at 0.12 and 0.50 kg/ha produced injury in GR and non-GR soybean, respectively, similar to that caused by glyphosate-isopropylammonium at 13.44 kg/ha in GR soybean. AMPA levels found in AMPA-treated soybean of both types and in glyphosate-treated GR soybean correlated similarly with phytotoxicity. These results suggest that soybean injury to GR soybean from glyphosate is due to AMPA formed from glyphosate degradation. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddv@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5139 EP 5143 DI 10.1021/jf049605v PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000033 PM 15291487 ER PT J AU Klesk, K Qian, M Martin, RR AF Klesk, K Qian, M Martin, RR TI Aroma extract dilution analysis of cv. Meeker (Rubus idaeus L.) red raspberries from Oregon and Washington SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Meeker; raspberry aroma; AEDA; GC/O; GC-MS ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; FLAVOR; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTHOCYANINS; CULTIVARS; STORAGE; FRUITS AB The aromas of cultivar Meeker red raspberry from Oregon and Washington were analyzed by aroma extract dilution analysis. Seventy-five aromas were identified [some tentatively (superscript T)] by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-retention index; 53 were common to both, and 22 have not been previously reported in red raspberry. Twenty-one compounds had an equivalent odor impact in both: 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2H)-furanone, hexanal, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one, (E)-beta-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene(T), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane(T), 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1, 3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one, ethanoic acid, (Z)-3-hexenal(T), 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexenol, 2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol, butanoic acid, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl formate(T), 2,3-butanedione, heptanal(T), thiacyclopentadiene(T), cyclohexane carbaldehyde(T), (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol(T), and 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone. Oregon Meeker had 14 odorants with higher flavor dilution (FD) factors than Washington Meeker: 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one(T), 1-octanol, 5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3diene T, 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene(T), ethyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutyl acetate(T), ethyl propanoate, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone(T), 2-methylbutanoic acid, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl cyclohexane carboxylate(T), 2-methylthiacyclopentadiene(T), (2)-3-hexenyl acetate(T), and 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-ol(T). Washington Meeker had 16 odorants with higher FD factors than Oregon Meeker: 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone(T), dimethyl sulfide(T), 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2H)-furanone(T), 1-hexanol(T), ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl acetateT, methyl hexanoate, phenyl ethanoic acid(T), neo-allo-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene(T), 2-nonanone(T), 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-ol(T), phenylmethanol(T), 5-octanolide(T), 2-phenylethanol, 1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0] hexane(T), and 2-undecanone. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Qian, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 41 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 16 BP 5155 EP 5161 DI 10.1021/jf0498721 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 844DH UT WOS:000223137000036 PM 15291490 ER PT J AU Xie, T Tong, LQ McCann, UD Yuan, J Becker, KG Mechan, AO Cheadle, C Donovan, DM Ricaurte, GA AF Xie, T Tong, LQ McCann, UD Yuan, J Becker, KG Mechan, AO Cheadle, C Donovan, DM Ricaurte, GA TI Identification and characterization of metallothionein-1 and-2 gene expression in the context of (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced toxicity to brain dopaminergic neurons SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dopamine; MDMA; neurotoxicity; metallothioneins; amphetamines; microarray ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; II-DEFICIENT MICE; TRANSGENIC MICE; 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE NEUROTOXICITY; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MOUSE-BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN AB In mice, the recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [ MDMA ("ecstasy")] produces a selective toxic effect on brain dopamine (DA) neurons. Using cDNA microarray technology in combination with an approach designed to facilitate recognition of relevant changes in gene expression, the present studies sought to identify genes potentially involved in murine MDMA-induced toxicity to DA neurons. Of 15,000 mouse cDNA fragments studied, metallothionein (Mt)-1 and Mt2 emerged as candidate genes possibly involved in MDMA-induced toxicity to DA neurons. Northern blot analysis confirmed the microarray findings and revealed a dynamic upregulation of Mt1 and Mt2 mRNA in the ventral midbrain within 4-12 hr after MDMA treatment. Western blot analysis showed a similar increase in MT protein levels, with peak times occurring subsequent to increases in mRNA levels. Mt1-2 double knock-out mice were more vulnerable to MDMA-induced toxicity to DA neurons than corresponding wild-type mice. Stimulation of endogenous expression of MT protein with zinc acetate conferred complete protection against MDMA-induced toxicity to DA neurons, and administration of exogenous MT protein afforded partial protection. Collectively, these results indicate that MDMA-induced toxicity to DA neurons is associated with increased Mt1 and Mt2 gene transcription and translation, possibly as part of a neuroprotective mechanism. The present findings may have therapeutic implications for neuropathological conditions involving DA neurons. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, cDNA Microarray Unit, Res Resources Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Anim & Natl Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ricaurte, GA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neurol, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle,Room 5B-71E, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM ricaurte@jhmi.edu OI Becker, Kevin/0000-0002-6794-6656 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA00206, DA09487, DA10217] NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 32 BP 7043 EP 7050 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1626-04.2004 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 846QP UT WOS:000223331100002 PM 15306638 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Gilbert, RA Perdomo, RE Shine, JM Powell, G Montes, G AF Sinclair, TR Gilbert, RA Perdomo, RE Shine, JM Powell, G Montes, G TI Sugarcane leaf area development under field conditions in Florida, USA SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; leaf area; leaf emergence; temperature response ID REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; APPEARANCE AB Leaf area development is critical in the establishment of a full leaf canopy to maximize interception of solar radiation and achieve high crop productivity. In sugarcane, leaf area development is especially important because the rate of leaf area increase is relatively slow. Previous studies have highlighted the fact that the rate of emergence of individual leaves is highly dependent on temperature. These previous studies have been limited, however, to only very few cultivars, and these cultivars were adapted for production in environments different from the climate of the continental USA. Hence, there is little information for cultivars selected for production in other environments and little basis for resolving which variable contributing to leaf area development has the greatest impact on canopy leaf area. The objective of this 2-year field study was to examine the contribution of rate of leaf emergence, leaf shape, and individual leaf area to the development of plant leaf area. Four cultivars developed for the subtropical climate of Florida were compared. The dependence of leaf emergence as a function of temperature was confirmed in this study and the leaf appearance rate of CP88-1762 was significantly greater than CP72-2086. Leaf shape was found to be nearly uniform among the four cultivars although the shape factor (0.72) was different from that previously reported for sugarcane. Cultivars differed in the area of successive emerged leaves on the stalk. Leaves produced early in development were found to be larger for one cultivar (CP88-1762) as compared to the other cultivars. These results indicated that area of earliest leaves produced by sugarcane cultivars might be a variant that could be exploited to achieve more rapid development of crop leaf area. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sugar Cane Growers Cooperat, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Okeelanta Corp, S Bay, FL 33493 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 10 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2003.12.005 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 825BA UT WOS:000221729800007 ER PT J AU Kundu, B Richardson, SD Swartz, PD Matthews, PP Richard, AM DeMarini, DM AF Kundu, B Richardson, SD Swartz, PD Matthews, PP Richard, AM DeMarini, DM TI Mutagenicity in Salmonella of halonitromethanes: a recently recognized class of disinfection by-products in drinking water SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE halonitromethanes; mutagenicity; Salmonella; drinking water ID IDENTIFICATION; GENOTOXICITY; SPECIFICITY AB Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a recently identified class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. They include chloronitromethane (CHN), dichloronitromethane (DCNM), trichloronitromethane (TCNM), bromonitromethane (BNM), dibromonitromethane (DBNM), tribromonitromethane (TBNM), bromochloronitromethane (BCNM),dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM), and bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM). Previous studies of TCNM, DCNM, CNM, and TBNM found that all four were mutagenic in bacteria, and a recent study showed that all nine induced DNA damage in CHO cells. Here, all nine HNMs were evaluated in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay +/- S9 using strains TA98, TA100, TA 104, TPT100, and the glutathione transferase theta (GSTT1-1)-expressing strain RSJ100. All were mutagenic, most with and without S9. In the absence of S9, six were mutagenic in TA98, six in TA100, and three in TA104; in the presence of S9, these numbers were five, seven, and three, respectively. Thus, the HNMs-induced base substitutions primarily at GC sites as well as frameshifts. Although five HNMs were activated to mutagens in RSJ100 -S9, they produced less than or equal to 2-fold increases in revertants and potencies < 506 rev/mumol. The rank order of the HNMs by mutagenic potency in TA100 +S9 was (BCNM DBNM) > (TBNM CNM > BNM DCNM BDCNM) > (TCNM = DBCNM). The mean rev/mumol for the three groupings, respectively, were 1423, 498, and 0, which classifies the HNMs as weak mutagens in Salmonella. Reaction of the dihalo and monohalo HNMs with GSH, possibly GSTT1-1, is a possible mechanism for formation of ultimate mutagenic products. Because the HNMs are mutagenic in Salmonella (present study) and potent clastogens in mammalian cells [Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 62], their presence in drinking water war-rants further research on their potential health effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Toxicol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP DeMarini, DM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM demarini.david@epa.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 562 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.05.007 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 848BT UT WOS:000223442800005 PM 15279829 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Stoltenberg, M Jo, SM Huang, LP Larsen, A Dahlstrom, A Danscher, G AF Wang, ZY Stoltenberg, M Jo, SM Huang, LP Larsen, A Dahlstrom, A Danscher, G TI Dynamic zinc pools in mouse choroid plexus SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE AMG; zinc-enriched cells (ZEN); zinc transporter ID SYNAPTIC VESICLES; CONTAINING PATHWAYS; ENRICHED TERMINALS; CONTAINING NEURONS; SPINAL-CORD; RAT-BRAIN; TRANSPORTER; LOCALIZATION; RELEASE; BOUTONS AB We examined the presence of Zn-transporters (ZnT1, ZnT3, ZrT4, and ZnT6) proteins and zinc ions in rat choroid epithelium with immunohistochemistry and zinc selenide autometallography (ZnSeAMG). The four ZnT proteins were all expressed in the choroid epithelial cells. ZnT3 immunostaining was found in vesicle membranes in the apical part of the cells, associated to the microvillus membrane. Correspondingly, the ZnSeAMG technique revealed zinc ions in small vesicles, in microvilli, and multivesicular bodies in the epithelial cells. Traceable zinc ions were also found in lysosome-like organelles of fenestrated endothelial cells, but here no corresponding ZnT3 immunostaining was seen. The observations suggests that the choroid plexus is instrumental to regulation of the level of zinc ions in the cerebrospinal fluid. C1 Gothenburg Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Aarhus Univ, Inst Anat, Dept Neurobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. China Med Univ, Dept Histol & Embryol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Hallym Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, Chunchon 200702, South Korea. RP Dahlstrom, A (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Box 420, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM annica.dahlstrom@anatcell.gu.se NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1801 EP 1804 DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000132918.05366.81 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 871NQ UT WOS:000225140800023 PM 15257151 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM Clemons, CM AF Stark, NM Matuana, LM Clemons, CM TI Effect of processing method on surface and weathering characteristics of wood-flour/HDPE composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extrusion; FTIR; injection molding; mechanical properties; polyethylene ID FIBER-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE; LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; PHOTODEGRADATION AB Wood-plastic lumber is promoted as a low-maintenance high-durability product. When exposed to accelerated weathering, however, wood-plastic composites may experience a color change and/or loss in mechanical properties. Different methods of manufacturing wood-plastic composites lead to different surface characteristics, which can influence weathering. In this study, 50% wood-flour-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite samples were injection molded, extruded, or extruded and then planed, to remove the manufacturing surface characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to chemically show the difference in surface components. The samples were weathered in a xenon-arc weathering apparatus for 1000, 2000, and 3000 h and analyzed for color fade and loss of flexural modulus of elasticity and strength. Final color (lightness) after weathering was not dependent on the manufacturing method. However, the manufacturing method was related to mechanical property loss caused by weathering. Composites with more wood component at the surface (i.e., planed samples) experienced a larger percentage of total loss in flexural modulus of elasticity and strength after weathering. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 30 TC 97 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1030 DI 10.1002/app.20529 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 828IA UT WOS:000221965800004 ER PT J AU Lin, JC Gerbig, C Wofsy, SC Andrews, AE Daube, BC Grainger, CA Stephens, BB Bakwin, PS Hollinger, DY AF Lin, JC Gerbig, C Wofsy, SC Andrews, AE Daube, BC Grainger, CA Stephens, BB Bakwin, PS Hollinger, DY TI Measuring fluxes of trace gases at regional scales by Lagrangian observations: Application to the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA) study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CO2 fluxes; Lagrangian experiments; receptor-oriented modeling ID BOUNDARY-LAYER BUDGETS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; C-13/C-12 RATIO; ETA-MODEL; EXCHANGE AB We present a general framework for designing and analyzing Lagrangian-type aircraft observations in order to measure surface fluxes of trace gases on regional scales. Lagrangian experiments minimize uncertainties due to advection by measuring tracer concentrations upstream and downstream of the study region, assuring that observed concentration changes represent fluxes within the region. The framework includes ( 1) a receptor-oriented model of atmospheric transport, including turbulent dispersion, ( 2) an upstream tracer boundary condition, ( 3) a surface flux model that predicts the distribution of tracer fluxes in time and space, and ( 4) a Bayesian inverse analysis that combines a priori information with observations to yield optimal estimates of tracer fluxes by the flux model. We use a receptor-oriented transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport ( STILT) model, to simulate ensembles of particles representing air parcels transported backward in time from an observation point (receptor), linking receptor concentrations with upstream locations and surface inputs. STILT provides the capability to forecast flight tracks for Lagrangian experiments in the presence of atmospheric shear and dispersion. STILT may be used to forecast flight tracks that sample the upstream tracer boundary condition, or to analyze the data and provide optimized parameters in the surface flux model. We present a case study of regional scale surface CO2 fluxes using data over the United States obtained in August 2000 in the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA-2000) study. STILT forecasts were obtained using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Eta model to plan the flight tracks. Results from the Bayesian inversion showed large reductions in a priori errors for estimates of daytime ecosystem uptake of CO2, but constraints on nighttime respiration fluxes were weaker, due to few observations of CO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer. Derived CO2 fluxes from the influence-following analysis differed notably from estimates using a conventional one-dimensional budget ("Boundary Layer Budget'') on a typical day, due to time-variable contributions from forests and croplands. A critical examination of uncertainties in the Lagrangian analyses revealed that the largest uncertainties were associated with errors in forecasting the upstream sampling locations and with aggregation of heterogeneous fluxes at the surface. Suggestions for improvements in future experiments are presented. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jcl@io.harvard.edu RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 NR 64 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15304 DI 10.1029/2004JD004754 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846SJ UT WOS:000223336200002 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Hammer, CH Garfield, MK Parveen, S AF Richards, GP Hammer, CH Garfield, MK Parveen, S TI Characterization of a lysyl aminopeptidase activity associated with phosphoglucose isomerase of Vibrio vulnificus SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Vibrio vulnificus; phosphoglucose isomerase; characterization; lysyl aminopeptidase ID AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR; PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE; FACTOR NEUROLEUKIN; FACTOR-RECEPTOR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROBIAL PROTEINASES; ELASTOLYTIC PROTEASE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FLUOROGENIC ASSAY AB Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and, in mammalian cells, functions as neuroleukin, autocrine motility factor (AMF), and differentiation and maturation factor (MF). We isolated and characterized PGI with a novel lysyl aminopeptidase (LysAP) activity (PGI-LysAP) from vibrio vulnificus. Mass spectrometry revealed that PGI-LysAP is a heterodimer consisting of 23.4- and 60.8-kDa subunits. Only the heterodimer displayed LysAP activity. PGI-LysAP has a pI around 6.0 and high specificity toward the synthetic, fluorogenic substrate L-lysyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. LysAP activity is optimal at pH 8.0, is 64% higher at 37 degreesC than at 21 degreesC, does not directly correlate with virulence, and is strongly inhibited by serine protease and metalloprotease inhibitors. PGI-LysAP was also identified in vibrio parahaemolyticus and V cholerae, but was absent from non-vibrio human pathogens. Sequencing of the pgi gene revealed 1653 bp coding for a 550-amino-acid protein. Cloned and expressed PGI formed a homodimer with isomerase activity, but not LysAP activity. The finding of LysAP activity associated with heterodimeric PGI should foster a broad search for putative substrates in an effort to elucidate the role of PGI-LysAP in bacteria and its roles in the pathophysiology of diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NIAID, Res Technol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 1700 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.05.005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 842VD UT WOS:000223031600010 PM 15262231 ER PT J AU Fischer, MH Yu, NX Gray, GR Ralph, J Anderson, L Marlett, JA AF Fischer, MH Yu, NX Gray, GR Ralph, J Anderson, L Marlett, JA TI The gel-forming polysaccharide of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata Forsk) SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plantago ovata mucilage; psyllium seed polysaccharide; arabinoxylan; 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose ID REDUCTIVE-CLEAVAGE METHOD; ISPAGHULA HUSK; AUTHENTIC STANDARDS; POSITIONAL ISOMERS; CARBOHYDRATE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCRETA; HUMANS AB The physiologically active, gel-forming fraction of the alkali-extractable polysaccharides of Plantago ovata Forsk seed husk (psyllium seed) and some derived partial hydrolysis products were studied by compositional and methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Resolving the conflicting claims of previous investigators, the material was found to be a neutral arabinoxylan (arabinose 22.6%, xylose 74.6%, molar basis; only traces of other sugars). With about 35% of nonreducing terminal residues, the polysaccharide is highly branched. The data are compatible with a structure consisting of a densely substituted main chain of beta-(1 --> 4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl residues, some carrying single xylopyranosyl side chains at position 2, others bearing, at position 3, trisaccharide branches having the sequence L-Araf-alpha-(1 --> 3)-D-Xy1p-beta-(1 --> 3)-L-Araf. The presence of this sequence is supported by methylation and NMR data, and by the isolation of the disaccharide 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose as a product of partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM landers2@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 339 IS 11 BP 2009 EP 2017 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.023 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 843XO UT WOS:000223120700017 PM 15261594 ER PT J AU Jackson, LE Ramirez, I Yokota, R Fennimore, SA Koike, ST Henderson, DM Chaney, WE Calderon, FJ Klonsky, K AF Jackson, LE Ramirez, I Yokota, R Fennimore, SA Koike, ST Henderson, DM Chaney, WE Calderon, FJ Klonsky, K TI On-farm assessment of organic matter and tillage management on vegetable yield, soil, weeds, pests, and economics in California SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE broccoli; compost; cover crops; lettuce; microbial biomass; minimum tillage; nitrate leaching; Salinas Valley; soil organic matter; soil quality ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; COVER CROPS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SCLEROTINIA MINOR; EXTRACTION METHOD; SURFACE-RESIDUE; DEEP TILLAGE; SANDY LOAM; NO-TILL; CARBON AB In intensive vegetable production, low organic matter (OM) inputs and leaching of nitrate (NO3--N) decrease soil quality with time. Four management regimes were compared for their effects on soils and on production issues in a cooperative research project with a commercial vegetable grower in the Salinas Valley, California, USA, on an 8.3 ha field: minimum tillage with OM (+OM) inputs; minimum tillage with no OM (-OM) inputs; conventional tillage +OM inputs; and conventional tillage -OM inputs. Minimum tillage retained the same raised beds for the 2-year study (four crop cycles), and filled to approximately 20 ern depth. Conventional tillage used many passes for surface and subsoil tillage, and disturbed the soil to approximately 50 cut depth. In +OM, compost was added two times per year, with a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop in the fall or winter, whereas -OM treatments followed the typical practice of only incorporating crop residues. Addition of cover crops and compost increased microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), reduced bulk density, and decreased the NO3--N pools in the 0-90 cm profile, so that leaching potential was lower compared to -OM treatments. Tillage practices had generally similar effects on soils except that surface soil moisture and NO3--N in the deep profile were consistently lower with minimum tillage. Minimum tillage tended to decrease lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea) yields, but was not associated with increased pest problems. Weed density of shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) and burning nettle (Urtica urens) were occasionally lower in the +OM treatments. Disease and pest severity on lettuce was slight in all treatments, but for one date, corky root disease (caused by Rhizomonas suberifaciens) was lower in the +OM treatments. The Pea Leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, was unaffected by management treatments. Economic analysis of the three lettuce crops showed that net financial returns were highest with minimum tillage -OM inputs, despite lower yields. Various tradeoffs suggest that farmers should alternate between conventional and minimum tillage, with frequent additions of OM, to enhance several aspects of soil quality, and reduce disease and yield problems that can occur with continuous minimum tillage. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tanimura & Antle Inc, Salinas, CA 93912 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jackson, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lejackson@ucdavis.edu RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 60 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 103 IS 3 BP 443 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.013 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842LC UT WOS:000223004600003 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Tworkoski, T AF Brown, MW Tworkoski, T TI Pest management benefits of compost mulch in apple orchards SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE apple; compost; sustainable agriculture; weed management; fruit disease management; insect pest management; north America ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SUSTAINABILITY; GROWTH; AGROECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; NITROGEN; INSECT; ANTS AB The effect of compost application on weed, fungal, and insect pest management in apple orchards was investigated from 1999 to 2001. Composted poultry manure was applied in June 1999 to half of two small research orchards which had previously received little or no management. The compost provided weed control for 1 year after application. There was no effect of compost on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) infection. In a laboratory experiment, growth of the brown rot fungus (Monilinia fructicola) was significantly slower on a compost substrate than a sterilized compost substrate. The compost significantly affected arthropod abundance during two years after application, with more predators and fewer herbivores in the compost treated plots. Populations of spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella) and migrating woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) nymphs were reduced in the compost plots. This study showed that the use of compost in an orchard ecosystem is beneficial to management of weed, fungal, and insect pests. The use of compost as a mulch in orchard ecosystems should be encouraged as a sustainable management practice because of a potential to reduce pesticide use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mbrown@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 103 IS 3 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2003.11.06 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842LC UT WOS:000223004600004 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Seitz, HK Zhuang, ZJ Lian, FZ Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Seitz, HK Zhuang, ZJ Lian, FZ Russell, RM TI Retinoids, alcohol and carcinogenesis. SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Biomedical-Research-on-Alcoholism CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2004 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Int Soc Biomed Res Alcoholism C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Salem Med Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 8 SU S BP 58A EP 58A DI 10.1097/00000374-200408002-00311 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 850LS UT WOS:000223613600311 ER PT J AU Elzen, G AF Elzen, G TI Patti Elzen Obituary SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, G (reprint author), USDA, KSARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 144 IS 8 BP 592 EP 592 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 842IW UT WOS:000222998500007 ER PT J AU Cury, RC Ferencik, M Hoffmann, U Ferullo, A Moselewski, F Abbara, S Booth, SL O'Donnell, CJ Brady, TJ Achenbach, S AF Cury, RC Ferencik, M Hoffmann, U Ferullo, A Moselewski, F Abbara, S Booth, SL O'Donnell, CJ Brady, TJ Achenbach, S TI Epidemiology and association of vascular and valvular calcium quantified by multidetector computed tomography in elderly asymptomatic subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; AORTIC-VALVE SCLEROSIS; MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIUM; ROW CT; CALCIFICATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STENOSIS; MARKER AB The epidemiology of and association between vascular and valvular calcium as quantified by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) were studied in 416 elderly subjects with no history of coronary artery disease. Coronary calcium (CC), descending thoracic aortic calcium (DTAC), aortic valve calcium (AVC), and mitral valve calcium [MVC] were present in 282 (68%), 214 (51%), 152 (37%), and 68 (16%) subjects, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender, subjects with AVC (odds ratio [OR] 2.3), MVC (OR 2.81), and DTAC (OR 2.79) were independently and significantly more likely to have CC. Further evidence is provided for the notion that calcifications in those regions are associated and that MDCT can be used as a tool for the, global assessment of vascular and valvular calcium. (C) 2004 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Cury, RC (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, 100 Charles River Plaza,Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM rcury@partners.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL69272]; NIA NIH HHS [AG19147] NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.032 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 843AK UT WOS:000223046300015 PM 15276102 ER PT J AU Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN Russell, RM AF Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN Russell, RM TI Yogurt and gut function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE yogurt; gut function; gut immunity; gastrointestinal diseases; gut microflora ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE COLITIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; PROBIOTIC BACTERIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB In recent years. numerous studies have been published on the health effects of yogurt and the bacterial cultures used in the production of yogurt. In the United States, these lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) include Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species. The benefits Of yogurt and LAB on gastrointestinal health have been investigated in animal models and, occasionally, in human subjects. Some studies using yogurt, individual LAB species, or both showed promising health benefits for certain gastrointestinal conditions, including lactose intolerance, constipation, diarrheal diseases, colon cancer. inflammatory bowel disease. Helicobacter pylori infection, and allergies. Patients with any of these conditions could possibly benefit from the consumption of yogurt. The benefits Of Yogurt Consumption to gastrointestinal function are most likely due to effects mediated through the gut microflora. bowel transit, and enhancement of gastrointestinal innate and adaptive immune responses. Although substantial evidence currently exists to Support a beneficial effect of yogurt consumption on gastrointestinal health, there is inconsistency in reported results, which may be due to differences in the strains of LAB used, in routes of administration, or in investigational procedures or to the lack of objective definition of "gut health." Further well-designed. controlled human studies of adequate duration are needed to confirm or extend these findings. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 144 TC 166 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841ET UT WOS:000222912800003 PM 15277142 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Hicks, PD Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Hicks, PD Abrams, SA TI Metabolic adaptations to low zinc intakes in premenarcheal girls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; mineral metabolism; zinc absorption; zinc balance; zinc excretion ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; YOUNG MEN; ABSORPTION; DEFICIENCY; EXCRETION; HOMEOSTASIS; MODEL; DEPLETION; ADULTS; LOSSES AB Background: Zinc deficiency is increasingly recognized as an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Children in developing countries are at especially high risk because of relatively low zinc intakes and poor bioavailability. Objective: We assessed the effect of 2-wk adaptation to low zinc intake (4 mg/d) on fractional zinc absorption, endogenous fecal zinc excretion, and urinary zinc excretion. Design: Sixteen healthy 9-14-y-old girls were studied twice in random order after 2-wk adaptation to diets providing either 12 mg/d (high) or 4 mg/d (low) zinc. Fractional zinc absorption and endogenous fecal zinc excretion were measured with use of established stable isotope techniques. Results: Plasma zinc was not significantly lower during the low dietary intake period (1.06 +/- 0.18 mg)than during the high dietary intake period (1.14 +/- 0.23 mg/L, P = 0.30). Endogenous fecal zinc excretion was significantly lower during the low intake period (1.08 +/- 0.62 mg/d) than during the high intake period (1.82 +/- 0.95 mg/d, P < 0.026), but there was no significant change in fractional zinc absorption (30.6% +/- 12.4% compared with 26.6% +/- 9.0%, P = 0.32) or urinary zinc excretion (0.68 +/- 0.35 mg/d compared with 0.59 +/- 0.24 mg/d, P = 0.30). Approximate zinc balance was significantly lower during the low-intake period than during the highintake period (P = 0.007) and significantly (P < 0.0001) less than zero. Conclusion: Short-term zinc restriction in premenarcheal girls leads to a significant decrease in endogenous fecal zinc excretion, which was inadequate to restore normal zinc balance. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM griffin@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NICHD NIH HHS [1R01 HD 36591-01] NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841ET UT WOS:000222912800020 PM 15277159 ER PT J AU Zapata, CLV Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR Abrams, SA Spencer, EM King, JC AF Zapata, CLV Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR Abrams, SA Spencer, EM King, JC TI Calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation in Brazilian women with low calcium intakes: a longitudinal study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; lactation; calcium intake; calcium absorption; urinary calcium; calciotropic hormones; insulin-like growth factor I; Brazilian women ID BONE METABOLISM; URINARY CALCIUM; DIETARY CALCIUM; ABSORPTION; TURNOVER; MASS; REQUIREMENTS; SUPPLEMENT; MARKERS AB Background: Physiologic adjustments in calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation in women with marginal calcium intakes have not been described. Objective: The objective was to examine longitudinal changes in various aspects of calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation in 9 healthy Brazilian women who habitually consumed approximate to500 mg Ca/d. Design: Calcium homeostasis was assessed at 3 time points: 10-12 (early pregnancy, EP) and 34-36 (late pregnancy, LP) wk of pregnancy and 7-8 wk postpartum (early lactation, EL). At each time point. the following variables were measured: dietary calcium intake with a 3-d weighed food record, 24-h urinary calcium excretion (UCa), intestinal calcium absorption (%CaAbs) via administration of stable calcium isotopes with a breakfast meal, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Results: Dietary calcium did not change during the study. %CaAbs increased from 69.7 +/- 5.4% ((x) over bar +/- SEM) during EP to 87.6 +/- 4.5% during LP (P < 0.05) and returned to 65.1 +/- 6.2% during EL. Compared with ER UCa decreased 22% during LP and 68% during EL (P < 0.05). The net mean change in calcium retention was 212 mg/d during LP and 182 mg/d during EL. Several significant associations were found between the main outcome variables (%CaAbs, UCa, and markers of bone turnover) and serum hormones, especially IGF-I and PTH. Conclusions: Calcium homeostasis appears to be attained by a more efficient intestinal calcium absorption during pregnancy and by renal calcium conservation during both pregnancy and lactation. IGF-I and PTH seem to play major roles in the adjustment of calcium metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. C1 Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Atlantico, Fac Ciencias Basicas, Barranquilla, Colombia. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Lab Growth & Dev, San Francisco, CA USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, 747 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841ET UT WOS:000222912800025 ER PT J AU Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Wood, M Frontera, WR Evans, WJ Singh, MAF AF Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Wood, M Frontera, WR Evans, WJ Singh, MAF TI Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; body composition; visceral fat; subcutaneous fat; follow-up study; physical activity ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MASS INDEX; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FAT DISTRIBUTION; MUSCLE MASS; PREDICTION EQUATIONS; CROSS-VALIDATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; VISCERAL FAT AB Background: An increased central distribution of fat with advancing age is associated with chronic metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Little is known about the magnitude or pattern of fat distribution and its association with healthy aging. Objective: This study describes approximate to10-y changes in body composition at 11 anthropometric sites in elderly persons and the metabolic and physical activity factors associated with these changes. Design: Skinfold thicknesses, girths, body fat by hydrodensitometry, physical activity by questionnaire, and metabolic variables were examined twice, 9.4 +/- 1.4 y apart, in 54 men and 75 women aged 60.4 +/- 7.8 y at baseline. Results: Subcutaneous fat declined (-17.2%; P < 0.001), whereas total fat mass increased (7.2%; P < 0.05). Waist and hip circumference changes were the best anthropometric predictors of total fat mass change (r(2) = 0.40-0.65, P < 0.0001). Thigh girth change was more strongly associated with fat-free mass change (r(2) = 0.22, P < 0.01) than with fat mass change (r(2) = 0.07, P < 0.05) in women. An increase in physical activity was associated with an attenuation of thigh girth decline in men and women (F ratio = 5.13, P < 0.007). Traditional metabolic markers of visceral adiposity (triacylglycerol, glucose, and total cholesterol) were not significantly related to the change in waist circumference. Conclusions: Skinfold thicknesses cannot be used to assess changes in body fat mass because of age-related fat redistribution. Higher levels of physical activity can attenuate the decline in appendicular lean tissue expected over 10 y. Waist and thigh girths, rather than skinfold thicknesses, should be considered for use in longitudinal studies in the elderly because the changes in these girths capture increased abdominal adiposity and sarcopenia, respectively. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sports Sci, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Roslindale, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Donald W Reynolds Dept Geriatr, VA Med Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sports Sci, Cumberland Campus,East St,POB 170, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia. EM m.singh@fhs.usyd.edu.au NR 46 TC 137 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841ET UT WOS:000222912800034 PM 15277173 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Muller, D Hallfrisch, J Andres, R Tucker, KL AF Newby, PK Muller, D Hallfrisch, J Andres, R Tucker, KL TI Food patterns measured by factor analysis and anthropometric changes in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food patterns; dietary patterns; factor analysis; principal components; obesity; body composition; diet assessment; body mass index; BMI; waist circumference ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; BODY-MASS INDEX; EATING PATTERNS; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ENERGY DENSITY; OBESITY; WOMEN; RISK AB Background: Sixty-five percent of US adults are overweight, and 31% of these adults are obese. Obesity results from weight gains over time; however, dietary determinants of weight gain remain controversial. Objective: Our objective was to examine whether food patterns derived from exploratory factor analysis are related to anthropometric changes. We hypothesized that we would derive a healthy food pattern and that it would predict smaller changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (in cm) than would other food patterns in models adjusted for baseline anthropometric measures. Design: The subjects were 459 healthy men and women participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diet was assessed by using 7-d dietary records, from which 40 food groups were formed and entered into a factor analysis. Results: Six food patterns were derived. Factor 1 (reduced-fat dairy products, fruit, and fiber) was most strongly associated with fiber (r = 0.39) and loaded heavily on reduced-fat dairy products, cereal, and fruit and loaded moderately on fruit juice, nonwhite bread, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and beans and legumes. In a multivariate-adjusted model in which the highest and lowest quintiles were compared, factor 1 was inversely associated with annual change in BMI (beta = -0.51; 95% CI: -0.82, -0.20; P < 0.05; P for trend < 0.01) in women and inversely associated with annual change in waist Circumference (P = - 1.06 cm; 95% CI: - 1.88, -0.24 cm; P < 0.05; P for trend = 0.04) in both sexes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a pattern rich in reduced-fat dairy products and high-fiber foods may lead to smaller gains in BMI in women and smaller gains in waist circumference in both women and men. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, Natl Inst Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 51 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 80 IS 2 BP 504 EP 513 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 841ET UT WOS:000222912800038 PM 15277177 ER PT J AU Afolabi, PR Jahoor, F Gibson, NR Jackson, AA AF Afolabi, PR Jahoor, F Gibson, NR Jackson, AA TI Response of hepatic proteins to the lowering of habitual dietary protein to the recommended safe level of intake SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein requirements; acute-phase proteins; nutrient transport proteins ID AMINO-ACID-REQUIREMENTS; MALNUTRITION; INFECTION; HUMANS; PLASMA AB The plasma concentrations of albumin, HDL apolipoprotein At (apoA1), retinol-binding protein (RBP), transthyretin (TTR), haptoglobulin, and fibrinogen were measured, and a stable isotope infusion protocol was used to determine the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of RBP, TTR, and fibrinogen in 12 young adults on three occasions during a reduction of their habitual protein intake from 1.13 to 0.75 g.kg(-1).day(-1) for 10 days. This study was performed to determine whether healthy adults could maintain the rates of synthesis of selected nutrient transport and positive acute-phase proteins when consuming a protein intake of 0.75 g.kg(-1).day(-1). During the lower protein intake, the plasma concentration of all the proteins, other than HDL-apoAl, remained unchanged. HDL-apoAl concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after 3 days of the lower protein intake, but not at 10 days. The rates of synthesis of RBP and TTR declined significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the rate of synthesis of fibrinogen remained unchanged. The results indicate that, when normal adults consume the recommended safe level of protein, 0.75 g.kg(-1).day(-1), there is a slower rate of turnover of nutrient transport proteins than on their habitual diet. Hence, healthy individuals consuming this amount of protein may be less able to mount an adequate metabolic response to a stressful stimulus. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 287 IS 2 BP E327 EP E330 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00036.2004 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 839KQ UT WOS:000222784400020 PM 15271648 ER PT J AU Fan, MZ Matthews, JC Etienne, NMP Stoll, B Lackeyram, D Burrin, DG AF Fan, MZ Matthews, JC Etienne, NMP Stoll, B Lackeyram, D Burrin, DG TI Expression of apical membrane L-glutamate transporters in neonatal porcine epithelial cells along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE excitatory amino acids; gut mucosa; transporter affinity; gene expression; neonates ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTER; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ENTERAL GLUTAMATE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SURFACE-MEMBRANE; LINE IEC-17; FED PIGLETS AB Enteral L-glutamate is extensively utilized as an oxidative fuel by the gut mucosa in the neonate. To identify major uptake pathways and to understand uptake regulation, we examined transport kinetics and molecular identities of apical membrane L-glutamate transporters in epithelial cells sequentially isolated along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis from milk protein-fed, 16-day-old pigs. The distended intestinal sac method was used to isolate 12 sequential cell fractions from the tip villus to the bottom crypt. Initial rates and kinetics of L-glutamate uptake were measured with L-[G-H-3]glutamate by fast filtration in apical membrane vesicles prepared by Mg2+ precipitation and differential centrifugation, with membrane potential clamped by SCN-. Initial L- glutamate uptake results suggested the presence of B-o and X-AG(-) transport systems, but the X-AG(-) system was predominant for uptake across the apical membrane. Kinetic data suggested that L- glutamate uptake through the X-AG(-) system was associated with higher maximal transport activity but lower transporter affinity in crypt than in villus cells. Molecular identity of the X-AG(-) glutamate transporter, based on immunoblot and RT-PCR analysis, was primarily the defined excitatory amino acid carrier (EAAC)-1. EAAC-1 expression was increased with cell differentiation and regulated at transcription and translation levels from crypt to upper villus cells. In conclusion, efficiency and capacity of luminal L- glutamate uptake across the apical membrane are regulated by changing expression of the X-AG(-) system transporter gene EAAC-1 at transcription and translation levels as well as maximal uptake activity and transporter affinity along the intestinal crypt-villus axis in the neonate. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-33920] NR 62 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 287 IS 2 BP G385 EP G398 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00232.2003 PG 14 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 836JT UT WOS:000222552500012 PM 15044176 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Donovan, A Risco, CA Goff, JP AF Melendez, P Donovan, A Risco, CA Goff, JP TI Plasma mineral and energy metabolite concentrations in dairy cows fed an anionic prepartum diet that did or did not have retained fetal membranes after parturition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE CAPSULE; HOLSTEIN COWS; SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS; MILK FEVER; REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS; DRY PERIOD; CALCIUM; CATTLE; MONENSIN; MASTITIS AB Objective-To compare plasma total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), and glucose concentrations in parturient dairy cows that were fed an anionic prepartum diet between those with and without retained fetal membranes (RFM) at 24 hours after parturition. Animals 152 Holstein cows that calved during October through December of 1997 Procedure-All cows were fed an anionic prepartum diet. Blood sample was taken within 6 hours after parturition from randomly selected cows. Thirty-nine cows had a diagnosis of RFM at 24 hours after parturition; 113 were not affected with RFM. At calving, body condition score (BCS; 1 [thin] to 5 [obese]), parity, and calving difficulty score were recorded. Plasma calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, NEFA, BHB, and glucose concentrations were compared between cows with or without RFM. Results-Cows with RFM had significantly lower plasma calcium concentration soon after calving, compared with cows without RFM. Cows with a parity of ! 3 had significantly lower plasma concentrations of calcium and higher concentrations of magnesium, compared with cows with a parity of 1 or 2. Cows with a BCS of greater than or equal to3.25 at calving had significantly higher plasma concentrations of BHB than cows with a BCS of 2.75 to 3.0. Cows with dystocia had significantly higher plasma concentrations of glucose, compared with cows without dystocia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In parturient cows fed a prepartum anionic diet, those with RFM have lower plasma calcium concentrations than cows without RFM, although this association does not prove a cause-effect relationship. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Donovan, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1071 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 841DW UT WOS:000222910500006 PM 15334840 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JJ Bolin, CA Alt, DP Cheville, NE Andreasen, CB AF Greenlee, JJ Bolin, CA Alt, DP Cheville, NE Andreasen, CB TI Clinical and pathologic comparison of acute leptospirosis in dogs caused by two strains of Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Pathologists CY DEC, 2001 CL Amelia Isl, FL SP Amer Coll Vet Pathologists ID CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; INFECTION; INTERROGANS; FEATURES; ANTIBODIES; HARDJO AB Objective-To develop a method for inducing acute leptospirosis in dogs. Animals-31 nine-week-old female Beagles. Procedure-Beagles were randomly assigned to 2 inoculation groups or a control group. Dogs were inoculated on 3 successive days by conjunctival instillation of 5 X 10(7) cells of Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa strain 82 (12 dogs) or strain RM 52 (14 dogs). Control dogs (n = 5) were similarly inoculated with sterile leptospiral culture media. Clinical signs, clinicopathologic variables, anti-leptospiral antibody titers, and evidence of leptospires in tissues and body fluids were evaluated. Dogs were euthanatized and necropsied on days 7, 14, 22, or 28 after inoculation or as required because of severe illness. Results-Clinical signs in infected dogs included conjunctivitis, lethargy, diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting, and icterus. Consistent clinicopathologic alterations included azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased anion gap, hyperbilirubinemia, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Leptospires were cultured from the kidneys (11/12), urine (6/9), aqueous humor (9/12), blood (12/12), and liver (12/12) of dogs inoculated with strain 82. Only 3 of 14 dogs became infected after inoculation with strain RM 52. Histopathologic lesions in infected dogs included interstitial nephritis, renal tubular degeneration and necrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and hepatic edema and perivasculitis. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Conjunctival exposure to L kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa strain 82 resulted in acute leptospirosis in all inoculated dogs, but only 3 of 14 dogs inoculated with strain RM 52 became infected. This method of infection by serovar grippotyphosa can be used to study the pathogenesis and prevention of leptospirosis in dogs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Greenlee, JJ (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1100 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 841DW UT WOS:000222910500010 PM 15334844 ER PT J AU Ziemer, CJ Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR AF Ziemer, CJ Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR TI Application of group specific amplified rDNA restriction analysis to characterize swine fecal and manure storage pit samples SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE ARDRA; 16S rDNA; swine; manure storage; microbial community ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DIVERSITY; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; FECES; POPULATIONS; PHYLOGENY; SOILS AB Group specific amplified ribosomal-DNA restriction analysis was evaluated as a method to rapidly assess microbial community structure in swine fecal and manure storage pit samples. PCR primer sequences were evaluated for their specificity to ribosomal DNA from selected bacterial groups by optimizing annealing temperatures and determining specificity using a set of primer target and non-target organisms. A number of primer sets were identified targeting the following groups: Bacteroides-Prevotella, clostridial clusters I and II, clostridial clusters IX and XI, clostridial clusters XIVa and XIVb, Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrionaceae and Streptococcus-Lactococcus, as well as an universal primer set to represent total populations. Each bacterial group was digested with at least three restriction enzymes. We applied the group specific amplified ribosomal-DNA restriction analysis to swine fecal and manure storage pit samples obtained on two separate occasions. Fecal and manure storage pit samples obtained on the same day were more similar to each other than to any other samples. Results were consistent with 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing data from bacterial isolates and clones obtained from swine feces and manure storage pit. The group specific amplified ribosomal-DNA restriction analysis technique was able to rapid detect gross bacterial community differences among swine fecal and manure storage pit samples and determine groups of interest for more detailed examination. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. RP Ziemer, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ziemer@nsric.ars.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.04.005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848OU UT WOS:000223477800003 PM 16701521 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Stanton, TB Minion, FC Li, CH Charon, NW Trott, DJ Hampson, DJ AF Zuerner, RL Stanton, TB Minion, FC Li, CH Charon, NW Trott, DJ Hampson, DJ TI Genetic variation in Brachyspira: chromosomal rearrangements and sequence drift distinguish B-pilosicoli from B-hyodysenteriae SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE genome mapping; Brachyspira; Spirochete; swine dysentery; intestinal spirochetosis ID SUB-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION; SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SWINE-DYSENTERY; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; SPIROCHETE; CLONING; GENOME AB Brachyspira pilosicoli and B. hyodysenteriae are anaerobic pathogenic intestinal spirochetes differing in host range and disease manifestations. Little is known about the size, organization, or genetic content of the B. pilosicoli genome and only limited information is available regarding the genetic organization in B. hyodysenteriae. Both B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli exist as recombinant populations, and this may be due, in part, to an unusual phage-like gene transfer agent, VSH-1. To compare genetic organization in these two species, the number of mapped loci on an existing physical and genetic map of B. hyodysenteriae B78(T) was expanded, and a combined physical and genetic map of B. pilosicoli P43/6/78(T) was constructed. The B. pilosicoli genome size was about 2.5 Mb, nearly 750 kb smaller than the B. hyodysenteriae genome. Several chromosomal rearrangements have contributed to differences in the size, organization, and content of the two bacterial genomes, and such differences may influence the ability of these species to infect different hosts and cause disease. To evaluate these differences further, comparisons were focused on genes thought to contribute to host-parasite interactions. Four genetic loci (bit, fruBC, vspA, and vspH) were found in B. hyodysenteriae, but not in B. pilosicoli. while two genetic loci (clpX and mglB) were found in B. pilosicoli, but not in B. hyodysenteriae. Contrary to a previous study. an intact copy of the hlyA gene, encoding the B. hyodysenteriae P-hemolysin gene was detected in B. pilosicoli. Although the hlyA genes of these two species were nearly identical, sequence variation was detected in the intergenic region upstream of hlyA that may alter transcription and translation efficiency of this gene in B. pilosicoli. In addition, divergence in genes flanking hlyA may affect the chemical composition of lipid attached to the mature B. pilosicoli HlyA protein resulting in reduced hemolytic activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Preharvest Food Safety Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Hampson, David/A-9464-2008; Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Hampson, David/0000-0002-7729-0427; Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.05.002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848OU UT WOS:000223477800004 PM 16701522 ER PT J AU Hauer, PJ Yeary, TJ Rosenbusch, RF AF Hauer, PJ Yeary, TJ Rosenbusch, RF TI Cloning and molecular characterization of the beta toxin (phospholipase C) gene of Clostridium haemolyticum SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium haemolyticum; phospholipase C; bacillary hemoglobinuria; beta toxin ID PERFRINGENS ALPHA-TOXIN; BACILLARY HEMOGLOBINURIA; BACTERIAL PHOSPHOLIPASES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GAS-GANGRENE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; CATTLE AB The phospholipase C (PLPC) gene from Clostridium haemolyticum was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. Primers were selected from a consensus sequence of closely related clostridial PLPC genes and used to amplify an 871-base pair internal segment of the gene. The internal sequence was used to design nested primers that, together with adapter-specific primers, were used to amplify upstream and downstream sequences. The sequences of upstream and downstream segments were aligned with the internal segment to obtain the entire gene sequence. Primers were selected from the aligned sequence, and the entire gene was amplified, and the PCR product was inserted by ligatation into the pCR(R) 2.1 plasmid. An open reading frame that encodes a 399-amino acid protein, containing a 27-amino acid signal sequence, was identified (GenBank Accession Number AF525415). The molecular weight of the active protein was 42 869 Da. A 16-amino acid N-terminal sequence, determined by Edman degradation, exactly matched the putative amino acid sequence of the gene product. Together, N-terminal peptide sequencing and tryptic digestion followed by MALDI-ToF mass spectroscopy verified 48% of the amino acid sequences of the active beta toxin. Comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences with Genebank databases demonstrated that the beta toxin of C. haemolyticum exhibits high homology with other bacterial PLPCs. The N-terminal portion of the beta toxin contains zinc-binding residues common to clostridial and other bacterial PLPCs, and it shows 34% homology to the N-terminal domain of bovine arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase. The C-terminal domain of the beta toxin protein shows considerable homology with the C-terminal domains of C. novyi type A PLPC, C. perfringens alpha toxin, C. bifermentens PLPC, although the percent identity between the N-terminal regions is much hi-her overall than that in the C-terminal domain. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hauer, PJ (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Vet Serv, USDA, 510 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM paul.j.hauer@aphis.usda.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 EI 1095-8274 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.04.006 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 848OU UT WOS:000223477800006 PM 16701524 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Villalobos, EM AF Shelly, TE Villalobos, EM TI Host plant influence on the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies: variable effects within and between individual plants SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; BACTROCERA-DORSALIS; COURTSHIP SUCCESS; MAJOR COMPONENTS; DACUS-CUCURBITAE; ALPHA-COPAENE; FLY DIPTERA; MELON FLY AB Observations of field-caged guava trees, Psidium guajava, revealed that males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, occasionally formed tight aggregations on the trunk and branches of certain trees. Males at these aggregation sites (stations) appeared to feed on the bark, and chemical analyses showed that stations contained high levels of the male attractant alpha-copaene whereas 'nonstations' on the same tree lacked this chemical. Previous work showed that male medflies exposed to pure alpha-copaene had a mating advantage over unexposed males. Here, we present data showing that the occurrence of stations is highly variable both within and between individual guava trees. Concurrent mating trials showed that male medflies exposed to entire guava trees containing stations or to individual stations for 3 h gained a mating advantage over unexposed males in tests conducted 1 or 3 days following exposure. In contrast, males exposed to entire trees lacking stations or only to nonstations on trees with stations had similar mating success as unexposed males. Additional experiments showed that exposure to guava leaves had no effect on male mating frequency but that exposure to fruits enhanced male mating success. The discussion considers potential mechanisms underlying the plant-induced increase in mating success and potential effects of alpha-copaene and other plant-borne compounds on the spacing of medfly leks in the environment. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 58 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.029 PN 2 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 850LW UT WOS:000223614300023 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Sonstegard, TS Ashwell, MS Bennett, GL Williams, JL AF Connor, EE Sonstegard, TS Ashwell, MS Bennett, GL Williams, JL TI An expanded comparative map of bovine chromosome 27 targeting dairy form QTL regions SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE comparative mapping; dairy form; RH mapping; SNP ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIP; UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN YIELD; MILK-YIELD; TRAITS; GENOME; DISEASES; MASTITIS; CATTLE; CONFORMATION AB At present, the density of genes on the bovine maps is extremely limited and current resolution of the human-bovine comparative map is insufficient for selection of candidate genes controlling many economic traits of interest in dairy cattle. This study describes the chromosomal mapping of 10 selected gene-associated markers to bovine linkage and radiation hybrid maps to improve the breakpoint resolution in the human-bovine comparative map near two previously identified quantitative trait loci for the linear type trait, dairy form. Two regions of conserved synteny not previously described are reported between the telomeric region of bovine chromosome 27 (BTA27) and human chromosome 3 (HSA3) p24 region and between the HSA4q34.1 region and BTA8. These data increase the number of genes positioned on the bovine gene maps, refine the human-bovine comparative map, and should improve the efficiency of candidate gene selection for the dairy form trait in cattle. C1 ARS, US Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), ARS, US Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM econnor@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01151.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 838HY UT WOS:000222705400001 PM 15265064 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Palti, Y Rexroad, CE AF Gahr, SA Palti, Y Rexroad, CE TI Genomic characterization of a novel pair of ID genes in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE helix-loop-helix proteins; inhibitor of DNA binding (ID); rainbow trout ID LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; DNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION; DISTINCT; IDENTIFICATION; EMBRYOGENESIS; DUPLICATION AB The ID (inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation) proteins represent a family of dominant negative regulators of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors whose activities result in delayed cell differentiation and prolonged proliferation. A pair of expressed sequence tag clones with homologies to the ID proteins were identified and used to screen a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library to identify clones containing homologues sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed close similarities to the rainbow trout ID1 protein, the genes were therefore classified as rainbow trout ID1B and ID1C. Genome characterization based on BAC sequencing showed each gene to have two exons separated by a small intron. The genes are 83% similar in their transcribed regions, yet they are only 64 and 65% similar in the upstream and downstream sequences, respectively. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found both genes to be expressed in a variety of tissues in the adult rainbow trout. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01142.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 838HY UT WOS:000222705400009 PM 15265072 ER PT J AU Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA AF Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA TI Comparative mapping of human chromosome 10 to pig chromosomes 10 and 14 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE comparative map; gene; human chromosome 10; microsatellite; SNP; SSC10; SSC14 ID AFFECTING CARCASS COMPOSITION; INFLUENCING ECONOMIC TRAITS; GENOME SCAN ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE MAP; GENE DISCOVERY; PORCINE; IDENTIFICATION; SWINE; POPULATION; SEQUENCE AB Identification of predictive markers in QTL regions that impact production traits in commercial populations of swine is dependent on construction of dense comparative maps with human and mouse genomes. Chromosomal painting in swine suggests that large genomic blocks are conserved between pig and human, while mapping of individual genes reveals that gene order can be quite divergent. High-resolution comparative maps in regions affecting traits of interest are necessary for selection of positional candidate genes to evaluate nucleotide variation causing phenotypic differences. The objective of this study was to construct an ordered comparative map of human chromosome 10 and pig chromosomes 10 and 14. As a large portion of both pig chromosomes are represented by HSA10, genes at regularly spaced intervals along this chromosome were targeted for placement in the porcine genome. A total of 29 genes from human chromosome 10 were mapped to porcine chromosomes 10 (SSC10) and 14 (SSC14) averaging about 5 Mb distance of human DNA per marker. Eighteen genes were assigned by linkage in the MARC mapping population, five genes were physically assigned with the IMpRH mapping panel and seven genes were assigned on both maps. Seventeen genes from human 10p mapped to SSC10, and 12 genes from human 10q mapped to SSC14. Comparative maps of mammalian species indicate that chromosomal segments are conserved across several species and represent syntenic blocks with distinct breakpoints. Development of comparative maps containing several species should reveal conserved syntenic blocks that will allow us to better define QTL regions in livestock. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01165.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 838HY UT WOS:000222705400014 PM 15265077 ER PT J AU Kinoshita, K Shimogiri, T Okamoto, S Yoshizawa, K Mannen, H Ibrahim, HR Cheng, HH Maeda, Y AF Kinoshita, K Shimogiri, T Okamoto, S Yoshizawa, K Mannen, H Ibrahim, HR Cheng, HH Maeda, Y TI Linkage mapping of chicken ovoinhibitor and ovomucoid genes to chromosome 13 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCALIZATION; MAP C1 Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. ARS, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Maeda, Y (reprint author), Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. EM maeda@agri.kagoshima-u.ac.jp NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 356 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01159.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 838HY UT WOS:000222705400023 PM 15265086 ER PT J AU Stahl, CH Callaway, TR Lincoln, LM Lonergan, SM Genovese, KJ AF Stahl, CH Callaway, TR Lincoln, LM Lonergan, SM Genovese, KJ TI Inhibitory activities of colicins against Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease in swine SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID O157-H7 AB The efficacies of colicins E1 and N against Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease, two of the most prevalent disease problems for pigs in the United States, were determined in vitro. These proteins may provide an environmentally sound means for the prevention of these infections in swine. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Stahl, CH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 201 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cstahl@iastate.edu RI Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3119 EP 3121 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.8.3119-3121.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 842IV UT WOS:000222998300048 PM 15273129 ER PT J AU Gray, JT Hungerford, LL Fedorka-Cray, PJ Headrick, ML AF Gray, JT Hungerford, LL Fedorka-Cray, PJ Headrick, ML TI Extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates of animal origin SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ENTERITIDIS; CMY-2 AB A total of 112 out of 5,709 Salmonella enterica isolates from domestic animal species exhibited decreased susceptibilities to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, and each possessed the bla(CMY) gene. Ten Salmonella serotypes were significantly more likely to include resistant isolates. Isolates from turkeys, horses, cats, and dogs were significantly more likely to include resistant isolates. C1 USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. US FDA, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gray, JT (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM jegray@uoguelph.ca NR 19 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3179 EP 3181 DI 10.1128/AAC.84.8.3179-3181.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 842IV UT WOS:000222998300064 PM 15273145 ER PT J AU Sebastia, CH Hardin, SC Clouse, SD Kieber, JJ Huber, SC AF Sebastia, CH Hardin, SC Clouse, SD Kieber, JJ Huber, SC TI Identification of a new motif for CDPK phosphorylation in vitro that suggests ACC synthase may be a CDPK substrate SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calcium-dependent protein kinase; phosphorylation motif; synthetic peptide phosphorylation; ethylene biosynthesis; phosphorylation site prediction; 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASE; LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TERMINAL REGION; GENE FAMILY; SITE; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; RESIDUES AB 1-Amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) catalyzes the rate-determining step in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene, and there is evidence for regulation of stability of the protein by reversible protein phosphorylation. The site of phosphorylation of the tomato enzyme, LeACS2, was recently reported to be Ser460, but the requisite protein kinase has not been identified. In the present study, a synthetic peptide based on the known regulatory phosphorylation site ((KKNNLRLSFSKRMY)-F-460) in LeACS2 was found to be readily phosphorylated in vitro by several calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), but not a plant SNF1-related protein kinase or the kinase domain of the receptor-like kinase, BRII, involved in brassinosteroid signaling. Studies with variants of the LeACS2-Ser460 peptide establish a fundamentally new phosphorylation motif that is broadly targeted by CDPKs: phi(-1)-[ST](0)-phi(+1)-X-BaSiC+3-Basic(+4), where phi is a hydrophobic residue. Database analysis using the new motif predicts a number of novel phosphorylation sites in plant proteins. Finally, we also demonstrate that CDPKs and SnRK1s do not recognize motifs presented in the reverse order, indicating that side chain interactions alone are not sufficient for substrate recognition. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu NR 28 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 428 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.025 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837WE UT WOS:000222671100010 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Interactions between common genetic polymorphisms in ABCG5/G8 and CYP7A1 on LDL cholesterol-lowering response to atorvastatin SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; pharmacogenetics; LDL cholesterol; ATP binding cassette transporter; cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase ID DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; CONTROLLED TRIAL; 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; SITOSTEROLEMIA; INDIVIDUALS; RISK AB Cholesterol excretion by ATP binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5/G8) and bile acid biosynthesis by cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) are major pathways for the removal of cholesterol into bile. To investigate the interactions between common polymorphisms in ABCG51G8 and CYP7A1 and statin response, we examined the relationships between five non-synonymous polymorphisms in ABCG51G8 (Q604E, D19H, Y54C. T400K. and A632V) and a promoter variant in CYP7A1 (A-204C) in 337 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with atorvastatin 10 mg. The ABCG8 H19 allele was significantly associated with a greater LDL cholesterol reduction relative to the wild type D19 allele (39.6% versus 36.6%, P = 0.043). This difference was enhanced in non-carriers of the CYP7A1 promoter polymorphism (42.7% versus 38.2%, P = 0.048), and was diminished in accordance with the number of CYP7A1 variant alleles (1.8% in heterozygotes and 0.2% in homozygotes). Combination analysis of these polymorphisms explained a greater percentage of LDL cholesterol response variation (8.5% difference across subgroups) than did single polymorphism analysis (4.2% in CYP7A1 and 3.0% in ABCG8 D19H). The other ABCG51G8 polymorphisms did not show any significant interactions with the CYP7A1 polymorphism. We conclude that the ABCG8 H19 and CYP7A1 C-204 alleles appear to interact in a dose-dependent manner on atorvastatin response. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Lipid Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Lipid Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 17 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 175 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.03.015 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 843XT UT WOS:000223121300012 PM 15262185 ER PT J AU Lidder, P Johnson, MA Sullivan, ML Thompson, DM Perez-Amador, MA Howard, CJ Green, PJ AF Lidder, P Johnson, MA Sullivan, ML Thompson, DM Perez-Amador, MA Howard, CJ Green, PJ TI Genetics of the DST-mediated mRNA decay pathway using a transgene-based selection SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Focused Meeting of the Biochemical-Society CY APR 15-17, 2004 CL Univ E Anglia, Norwich, ENGLAND SP Biochem Soc HO Univ E Anglia DE Arabidopsis thaliana; downstream; half-life; mutant; post-transcriptional; transgene ID ARABIDOPSIS; MUTANTS; EXPRESSION; STABILITY; SEQUENCES; TOBACCO AB mRNA sequences that control abundance, localization and translation initiation have been identified, yet the factors that recognize these sequences are largely unknown. in this report, a transgene-based strategy designed to isolate mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that fail to recognize these sequences is described. in this strategy, a selectable gene and a screenable marker gene are put under the control of the sequence element being analysed and mutants are selected with altered abundance of the corresponding marker RNAs. The selection of mutants deficient in recognition of the DST (downstream) mRNA degradation signal is used as a test-case to illustrate some of the technical aspects that have facilitated success. Using this strategy, we report the isolation of a new mutant, dst3, deficient in the DST-mediated mRNA decay pathway. The targeted genetic strategy described circumvents certain technical limitations of biochemical approaches. Hence, it provides a means to investigate a variety of other mechanisms responsible for post-transcriptional regulation. C1 Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sanger Inst, Wellcome Trust, Team 82, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas, CSIC, Valencia 46022, Spain. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, 15 Innovat Way, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM green@dbi.udel.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 BP 575 EP 577 PN 4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 848IC UT WOS:000223459900006 PM 15270679 ER PT J AU Hatting, JL Wraight, SP Miller, RM AF Hatting, JL Wraight, SP Miller, RM TI Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) for control of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) on resistant wheat under field conditions SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; control; Diuraphis noxia; efficacy; field; Russian wheat aphid ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SOUTH-AFRICA; FUNGI; CONIDIA; LINES; YIELD AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is considered the most important pest of wheat produced under dryland field conditions in South Africa. As part of an integrated pest management strategy, the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was evaluated in combination with antibiotic host plant resistance under dryland field conditions during 1998 and 1999. A commercial formulation, Mycotrol(R) ES, was applied at a rate of 2.4 L (5 x 10(13) conidia) per hectare + 0.1% organosilicone surfactant. During both years, two applications were administered, i.e., on growth stages 31 (first node detectable) and 39 (early flag leaf). An additional treatment, application at growth stage 39 only, was included during 1999. Over the duration of the 1998 trial, ca. 65% fewer aphids were observed on treated plots compared with controls. A similar level of population reduction was observed during the 1999 trial; however, treatment effects were only briefly evident due to a rapid field-wide decline in aphid populations caused by adverse (cool, wet) weather conditions. The early application (GS 31) resulted in some level of control only during 1998. It was hypothesized that this phenomenon was the result of greater exposure to the spray applications and/or greater secondary pick-up of fungal inoculum by the aphids due to the higher level of aphid activity observed on the cultivar employed during that year. In this regard, migration of D. noxia onto the flag leaves should be further investigated as a behavioural trait for possible exploitation when considering the use of a mycoinsecticide. C1 Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, South Africa. ARS, USDA, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Kwa Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa. RP Hatting, JL (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, P Bag X29, ZA-9700 Bethlehem, South Africa. EM justin@kgs1.agric.za NR 40 TC 14 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 459 EP 473 DI 10.1080/09583150410001683501 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 826JZ UT WOS:000221826700004 ER PT J AU Mori, K Ohtaki, T Ohrui, H Berkebile, DR Carlson, DA AF Mori, K Ohtaki, T Ohrui, H Berkebile, DR Carlson, DA TI Synthesis of the four stereoisomers of 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane, a component of the female sex pheromone of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; enzymatic kinetic resolution; lipase; methyl-branched secondary acetate; pheromone ID CANDIDATES AB The four stereoisomers of 7-acetoxy-15-methylnonacosane (1), a component of the female sex pheromone of the New World screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) were synthesized. The stereogenic center at C-15 of 1 originated from that of the enantiomers of citronellal, and that at C-7 was generated by lipase-catalyzed asymmetric acetylation of (3RS,11R)- and (3RS,11S)-17-methyl-1-trimethylsilylpentacos-1-yn-3-ol (13). Three of the stereoisomers of 1 showed equivalent good pheromone activity, while the activity of (7R,15R)-1 was weak. C1 Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Insect Pheromone & Traps Div, Hamura, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. ARS, USDA, Midw Livestock Insect Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mori, K (reprint author), Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Insect Pheromone & Traps Div, Midorigaoka 3-5-8, Hamura, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. EM kjk-mori@arion.ocn.ne.jp NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1768 EP 1778 DI 10.1271/bbb.68.1768 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 851TY UT WOS:000223709800019 PM 15322362 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA AF Rinehart, TA TI AFLP analysis using GeneMapper (R) software and an Excel (R) macro that aligns and converts output to binary SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287,306 S High St, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM trinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 845YB UT WOS:000223280200003 PM 15335205 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Production of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola grown on soy molasses as substrate SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biosurfactant; Candida bombicola; soy solubles ID SOPHOROSE LIPID PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; WHEY; OIL AB Sophorolipids (SLs) were produced from Candida bombicola using soy molasses and oleic acid as co-substrates. The purified SLs were obtained at 21 g l(-1) and were 97% in lactone form. The major SL constituent (81% relative abundance) of the product mixture contains an oleoyl chain. The surface properties of the SLs obtained from the soy molasses/oleic acid fermentation had minimum surface-tension values of 37 mN m(-1) ( pH 6) and 38 mN m(-1) (pH 9), and critical micelle concentration values of 6 mg l(-1) (pH 6) and 13 mg l(-1) (pH 9). C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 15 BP 1241 EP 1245 DI 10.1023/B:BILE.0000036605.80577.30 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 843AB UT WOS:000223044800011 PM 15289681 ER PT J AU Norcross, J Van Loan, MD AF Norcross, J Van Loan, MD TI Validation of fan beam dual energy x ray absorptiometry for body composition assessment in adults aged 18-45 years SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; DENSITY; LUNAR; MASS; DXA AB Background: Pencil beam dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been shown to provide valid estimates of body fat (%BF), but DXA fan beam technology has not been adequately tested to determine its validity. Objective: To compare %BF estimated from fan beam DXA with %BF determined using two and three compartment (2C, 3C) models. Methods: Men ( n = 25) and women ( n = 31), aged 18 - 41 years, participated in the study. Body density, from hydrostatic weighing, was used in the 2C estimate of %BF; DXA was used to determine bone mineral content (BMC) for the 3C estimate of %BF calculated using body density and BMC (3C(BMC)). DXA was also used to determine %BF. Analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences in %BF between sexes and among methods. Results: Women were significantly shorter, weighed less, had less fat free mass, and a higher %BF than men. No significant differences were found among methods ( 2C, 3CBMC, DXA) for determination of %BF in either sex. Although not significant, Bland-Altman plots showed that DXA gave higher values for %BF than the 2C and 3CBMC methods. Conclusion: DXA determination of %BF was not different from that of the 2C and 3CBMC models in this group of young adults. However, to validate fan beam DXA fully as a method for body composition assessment in a wide range of individuals and populations, comparisons are needed that use a 4C model with a measure of total body water and BMC. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mvanloan@whnrc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-3674 J9 BRIT J SPORT MED JI Br. J. Sports Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 4 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1136/bjsm.2003.005413 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 840IL UT WOS:000222851200023 PM 15273189 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Ford, BC Mitchell, AD Elkin, RG Leach, RM AF Kim, WK Ford, BC Mitchell, AD Elkin, RG Leach, RM TI Comparative assessment of bone among wild-type, restricted ovulator and out-of-production hens SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; MEDULLARY BONE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; LAYING HENS; BREAKING STRENGTH; KERATAN SULFATE; SIALOPROTEIN-II; MINERAL-CONTENT; ESTROGEN; CALCIUM AB 1. The aim of this study was to assess bone characteristics in restricted ovulator (RO) hens. These hens generally are unable to ovulate due to a point mutation in the oocyte VLDL receptor gene whose protein product mediates the uptake of yolk precursors. Because these hens do not have the cyclic calcium (Ca) metabolism associated with egg formation, they could be a useful model for studying bone metabolism. 2. RO hens had greater humerus, femur and tibia ash concentrations than wild-type (WT) and out-of-production (OP) hens. Bone mineral content and density obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were highly correlated with the results of conventional bone assays. 3. Gross and histological examination of the femurs confirmed the presence of extremely dense medullary bone deposition in the RO hens. However, the composition of non-collagenous protein extracts of medullary bone was similar for the two genotypes. 4. Analysis of medullary bone extracts for glycosaminoglycans (GAG) confirmed the presence of large amounts of keratan sulphate (KS) in the matrix of medullary bone. 5. Plasma Ca, total GAG and KS concentrations of RO hens were markedly higher than WT and OP hens. The changes in plasma calcium and keratan sulphate are probably a reflection of elevated Ca-binding yolk precursor molecules and intensive medullary bone formation in response to increased plasma oestrogen observed by others in RO hens. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Leach, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lnr@psu.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1080/00071660412331286172 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 856DR UT WOS:000224024600003 PM 15484719 ER PT J AU Arthurs, S Heinz, KM Prasifka, JR AF Arthurs, S Heinz, KM Prasifka, JR TI An analysis of using entomopathogenic nematodes against above-ground pests SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; NEOAPLECTANA-BIBIONIS NEMATODA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; INSECT PARASITIC NEMATODE; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Applications of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae have traditionally been targeted against soil insects. Nonetheless, research over the last two decades highlights the potential of such agents against above-ground pests under certain circumstances. A general linear model was used to test for patterns in efficacy among 136 published trials with Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, the most common species applied against foliar and other above-ground pests. The focus was on field and greenhouse assessments, rather than laboratory assays where relevant ecological barriers to infection are typically removed. The model showed differences in nematode treatment efficacy depending on the pests' target habitat (bore holes > cryptic foliage > exposed foliage) and trial location (greenhouse > field studies). Relative humidity and temperature during and up to 8 h post-application were also predicted to influence rates of nematode infection obtained. Conversely, spray adjuvants (both wetting agents and anti-desiccants) and nematode dosage applied (both concentration and use of consecutive applications 3-4 days apart) did not explain a significant amount of variance in nematode performance. With reference to case studies the model is used to discuss the relative importance of different factors on nematode efficacy and highlight priorities for workers considering using entomopathogenic nematodes to target pests in novel environments. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Biol Control Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Arthurs, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 18 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1079/BER2003309 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 844SG UT WOS:000223179400001 PM 15301695 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Knowlton, MF Obrecht, DV Cook, EA AF Jones, JR Knowlton, MF Obrecht, DV Cook, EA TI Importance of landscape variables and morphology on nutrients in Missouri reservoirs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LAND-USE; WATER-QUALITY; SURFACE WATERS; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; GIZZARD SHAD; CHLOROPHYLL; NITROGEN; EXPORT; EUTROPHICATION AB The proportion of cropland cover in the catchments of Missouri reservoirs, a surrogate for non-point-source nutrient loss from agricultural watersheds, accounts for some 60%-70% of the cross-system variance in long-term averages of total phosphorus and total nitrogen (n = 126, ln transformation for nutrients and logit for cropland). The addition of dam height and an index of flushing rate improved r(2) values to similar to77% for both nutrients. Even among reservoir catchments with >80% grass and forest cover, cropland accounted for most of the variation in nutrients. Reservoir nutrients showed a strong negative relation to forest cover. Relations between grass cover and nutrients were positive but weak, and grass had no significant statistical effect once cropland was taken into account. Residual analysis suggests that urban reservoirs would have about twice the nutrient level of reservoirs in non-cropland basins (forest and grass). The increase in nutrients with the proportion of cropland and the decrease with forest cover have previously been documented in Missouri streams. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Jones, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jonesj@missouri.edu NR 52 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1512 DI 10.1139/F04-088 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 869IO UT WOS:000224976800015 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Cohen, J Latham, DJ Schuette, RD Sopko, P Shannon, KS Jimenez, D Bradshaw, LS AF Butler, BW Cohen, J Latham, DJ Schuette, RD Sopko, P Shannon, KS Jimenez, D Bradshaw, LS TI Measurements of radiant emissive power and temperatures in crown fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; RADIATION; MODEL AB This study presents spatially and temporally resolved measurements of air temperatures and radiant energy fluxes in a boreal forest crown fire. Measurements were collected 3.1, 6.2, 9.2, 12.3, and 13.8 m above the ground surface. Peak air temperatures exceeded 1330 degreesC, and maximum radiant energy fluxes occurred in the upper third of the forest stand and reached 290 kW.m(-2). Average radiant flux from the flames across all experiments was found to be approximately 200 kW.m(-2). Measured temperatures showed some variation with vertical height in the canopy. Equivalent radiometric temperatures calculated from radiant heat flux measurements exceeded thermocouple-based temperatures for all but the 10-m height, indicating that fire intensity estimates based on thermocouple measurements alone may result in underestimation of actual radiant intensity. The data indicate that the radiative energy penetration distance is significantly longer in the forest canopy than in the lower levels of the forest stand. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59834 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59834 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1577 EP 1587 DI 10.1139/X04-060 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500004 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Finney, MA Andrews, PL Albini, FA AF Butler, BW Finney, MA Andrews, PL Albini, FA TI A radiation-driven model for crown fire spread SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID IMMATURE JACK PINE; BEHAVIOR; FUELS AB A numerical model for the prediction of the spread rate and intensity of forest crown fires has been developed. The model is the culmination of over 20 years of previously reported fire modeling research and experiments; however, it is only recently that it has been formulated in a closed form that permits a priori prediction of crown fire spread rates. This study presents a brief review of the development and structure of the model followed by a discussion of recent modifications made to formulate a fully predictive model. The model is based on the assumption that radiant energy transfer dominates energy exchange between the fire and unignited fuel with provisions for convective cooling of the fuels ahead of the fire front. Model predictions are compared against measured spread rates of selected experimental fires conducted during the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment. Results of the comparison indicate that the closed form of the model accurately predicts the relative response of fire spread rate to fuel and environment variables but overpredicts the magnitude of fire spread rates. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MN USA. Montana State Univ Bozeman, Bozeman, MN USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MN USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1588 EP 1599 DI 10.1139/X04-074 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500005 ER PT J AU Putnam, T Butler, BW AF Putnam, T Butler, BW TI Evaluating fire shelter performance in experimental crown fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Fire shelters are critical safety items required for use by most wildland firefighters in the United States. Most testing of fire shelters, clothing and other personal protective equipment (PPE) has been limited to prescribed fires or laboratory based studies. This study reports results from experiments where lined and unlined stainless steel or aluminum and glass fabric shelters were tested under high intensity crown fire conditions in and adjacent to experimental burn plots. Firefighter clothing and standard (pre-2003) fire shelters were also tested. Measured shelter surface and air temperatures and thermal impact on firefighter personal protective equipment were used to deduce the survivability of shelter designs and deployment location. Multiple glass and aluminum layered shelters show more promise than stainless steel shelters for improving overall fire shelter survivability. Data collected outside the burn plots generally indicate decreased heating as distance from forest edge increases, supporting the importance of maximizing distance from vegetation for survivability. It is recommended that common experiment protocols be adopted so that future research into fire shelter and PPE performance builds on work-to-date and provides a common basis from which analyses can be completed. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn,Fire Behav Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Putnam, T (reprint author), Mindful Solut, 3431 Flicker Lane, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. EM tputnam@bresnan.net NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1600 EP 1615 DI 10.1139/X04-091 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500006 ER PT J AU Cohen, JD AF Cohen, JD TI Relating flame radiation to home ignition using modeling and experimental crown fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AB Wildland-urban fire destruction depends on homes igniting and thus requires an examination of the ignition requirements. A physical-theoretical model, based on severe case conditions and ideal heat transfer characteristics, estimated wood wall ignition occurrence from flame radiation heating and piloted ignition requirements. Crown fire experiments provided an opportunity for assessing model reliability. The crown fire experiments were specifically instrumented with wood wall sections and heat flux sensors to investigate direct flame heating leading to home ignition during wildland fires. The experimental results indicated that the flame radiation model overestimated the structure-to-flame distance that would result in wood wall ignition. Wall sections that ignited during the experimental crown fires did not sustain flaming after crown fire burnout. The experiments also revealed that the forest canopy attenuated the flame radiation as the crown fire spread within the forest plot. Ignition modeling and the associated crown fire experiments described the flame-to-structure distance scale associated with flame heating related to wall ignition. C1 Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jcohen@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1616 EP 1626 DI 10.1139/X04-049 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500007 ER PT J AU Jordan, GJ Ducey, MJ Gove, JH AF Jordan, GJ Ducey, MJ Gove, JH TI Comparing line-intersect, fixed-area, and point relascope sampling for dead and downed coarse woody material in a managed northern hardwood forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS; SIMULATION; RESIDUE; LOGS AB We present the results of a timed field trial comparing the bias characteristics and relative sampling efficiency of line-intersect, fixed-area, and point relascope sampling for downed coarse woody material. Seven stands in a managed northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire were inventoried. Significant differences were found among estimates in some stands, indicating a potential for difference in bias in field implementation of the methods. In terms of relative sampling efficiency, results for each method varied among stand. However, point relascope sampling had comparable or better time efficiency than the other methods in most stands. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ducey, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1766 EP 1775 DI 10.1139/X04-051 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500020 ER PT J AU Lazarus, BE Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ AF Lazarus, BE Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ TI Severe red spruce winter injury in 2003 creates unusual ecological event in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN; SEASONAL PATTERNS; FOREST DECLINE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GAP DYNAMICS; NEW-YORK; FOLIAGE; GROWTH; DESICCATION; PROVENANCES AB Abundant winter injury to the current-year (2002) foliage of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) became apparent in the northeastern United States in late winter of 2003. To assess the severity and extent of this damage, we measured foliar winter injury at 28 locations in Vermont and surrounding states and bud mortality at a subset of these sites. Ninety percent of all trees assessed showed some winter injury, and trees lost an average of 46% of all current-year foliage. An average of 32% of buds formed in 2002 were killed in association with winter injury. Both foliar and bud mortality increased with elevation and with crown dominance, and bud mortality increased with greater foliar injury. Foliar injury in 2003 at a plantation near Colebrook, New Hampshire, was more than five times the typical levels for 9 previous years of measurement and more than twice that measured for another high-injury year. Plantation data also indicated that bud mortality in 2003 was greater than previously documented and that persistent winter injury was associated with increased tree mortality. Comparisons of our data with past studies for two sites with native red spruce also indicated that damage in 2003 was greater than other recently reported, high-injury years. Because heavy foliar and bud losses can severely disrupt the carbon economies of trees, the 2003 winter injury event could lead to further spruce decline and mortality, particularly among dominant trees at higher elevations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1784 EP 1788 DI 10.1139/X04-122 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 853WI UT WOS:000223859500022 ER PT J AU Delalibera, I Humber, RA Hajek, AE AF Delalibera, I Humber, RA Hajek, AE TI Preservation of in vitro cultures of the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neozygites floridana; Mononychellus tanajoa; cryopreservation; fungal storage; Entomophthorales ID ULTRA-LOW TEMPERATURE; CASSAVA GREEN MITE; LIQUID-NITROGEN; CRYOPRESERVATION; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; FLORIDANA; VIABILITY; CRYOPROTECTANT; CULTIVATION; TREHALOSE AB Neozygites tanajoae has recently been described as a new fungal pathogen distinct from Neozygites floridana. This pathogen is currently being used as a classical biological control agent against the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), in Africa. Neozygites tanajoae is a particularly fastidious species, and in vitro cultures of isolates from Brazil and Africa have only recently been established. In this study, the efficacy of several cryoprotectants at different exposure times, cooling rates, and warming rates for protecting hyphal bodies of N. tanajoae during cryopreservation was investigated. A protocol for preservation of cultures of N. tanajoae at ultra-low temperatures of -80degreesC or -196degreesC, using 1% trehalose +2% dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotective agents, is described in detail. In this study, we demonstrate that N. tanajoae differs remarkably from N. floridana (isolates ARSEF 662 and ARSEF 5376) in the ability to withstand the stress of cold temperature (4degreesC) and cryopreservation. In vitro cultures of the 2 N. floridana isolates remained viable at 4degreesC for up to 47 d; however, cultures of N. tanajoae did not survive this temperature for 4 d. Cryopreservation methods successful for N. tanajoae isolates are not suitable for N. floridana and are unusual in comparison to those for many fungi. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Delalibera, I (reprint author), USP, ESALQ, Dept entomol Fitopatol & Zool, Caixa Postal 9, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM id24@cornell.edu RI Delalibera Jr., Italo/D-6186-2012 OI Delalibera Jr., Italo/0000-0001-9770-9216 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 8 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1139/W04-041 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 865WJ UT WOS:000224734600004 PM 15467783 ER PT J AU Bouldin, JL Milam, CD Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Cooper, CM AF Bouldin, JL Milam, CD Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Cooper, CM TI Evaluating toxicity of Asana XL (R) (esfenvalerate) amendments in agricultural ditch mesocosms SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE esfenvalerate; toxicity; agriculture; non-point source runoff ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; AQUATIC PLANTS; FATE; ATRAZINE; RUNOFF; MACROPHYTES; MITIGATION; PESTICIDES AB Agricultural ditches primarily serve to remove and store excess water associated with irrigation and storm events. The ability of these ecosystems to mitigate potential contaminants is not well understood. Five sites along a 650-m agricultural ditch located in the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) were used to measure fate and effects of an esfenvalerate (insecticide) exposure. Following a 0.64-cm simulated storm event, samples were collected from water and sediments and analyzed spatially from five sites and temporally from 0.5 h to 56 d. Results of aqueous toxicity bioassays indicated that lethality progressed downstream throughout all sampling intervals, while sediment toxicity bioassays only elicited biological responses at the point of pesticide application to the ditch (0 m). Significant reductions in survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas in water were measured at the 0-, 20-, and 80-m sites following application. Ten-day solid phase sediment testing of Chironomus tentans indicated persistent toxicity only at the point of application (0 m) and throughout 56 d (mean = 14.4% survival). No lethality or significant reduction in midge growth was measured for remaining downstream sites. These measurements were used to evaluate the potential of agricultural ditches to reduce potential deleterious effects of contaminants in agricultural drainage systems that precede receiving streams. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EA Engn Sci & Technol, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu RI Yost, Russell/A-5937-2008 OI Yost, Russell/0000-0002-1573-5822 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 7 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.033 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838TZ UT WOS:000222737500005 PM 15234164 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JM Laird, DA AF Gonzalez, JM Laird, DA TI Role of smectites and Al-substituted goethites in the catalytic condensation of arginine and glucose SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE arginine; catalysis; condensation; glucose; goethites; humic substances; Maillard reaction; smectites ID CLAY-MINERALS; SOIL; MONTMORILLONITE; MELANOIDINS; SUBSTANCES; ADSORPTION; KAOLINITE; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS; GLYCINE AB The polyphenol theory of humic-substance formation has been studied extensively; however, an alternative theory, that humic substances are formed through the condensation of amino acids and reducing sugars (Maillard reaction), has not been explored to the same extent. The general objectives of this study were to determine whether smectites and goethites catalyze the abiotic polymerization of arginine and glucose to form humic-like compounds. The effects of smectite type, saturating cation, and the degree of Al substitution in goethites on the polymerization reaction were also studied. Four cation-saturated smectites and four Al-substituted goethites were incubated abiotically with solutions containing a mixture of arginine + glucose for 21 days at 37degreesC. After the incubations, total C recovered ranged from 80.6 to 123.8% and from 100.5 to 105.1% for the smectite and goethite systems, respectively. At the end of the incubations, 21.4-50.3% of the added C and 16.5-90% of the added N were sorbed on the various smectites, and 6.2-9.0% of the added C and 2.3-4.6% of added N was sorbed on the goethites in a form that could not be desorbed by washing with 100 mM CaCl2. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that some of the sorbed C was intercalated in the smectites and FTIR analysis provided evidence of new absorption bands at 1650 and 1668 cm(-1), which are consistent with Maillard reaction products. Thus, it is concluded that smectites catalyze the condensation of arginine and glucose to form humic-like products. Goethites, however, have little or no ability to catalyze this reaction. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gonzalez, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM javier.gonzalez@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1346/ccmn.2004.0520405 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 848SC UT WOS:000223486400005 ER PT J AU Humphrey, BD Stephensen, CB Calvert, CC Klasing, KC AF Humphrey, BD Stephensen, CB Calvert, CC Klasing, KC TI Glucose and cationic amino acid transporter expression in growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arginine; glucose; growth; lymphocyte; lysine; ontogery; transport ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; SRC ONCOGENE; PLASMA; CELLS; MEMBRANE; GROWTH; FAMILY; PCR AB Tissue glucose transporter (GLUT1-3) and cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1-3) mRNA expression was determined in growing broiler chicks posthatch. In two experiments, tissues were either collected on days 1, 3 and 7 or days 1 and 14 posthatch. Heart and liver were the only tissues expressing a GLUT isoform on day 1. All tissues expressed a GLUT isoform on day 7 except for the thymus. Most tissues expressing a CAT isoform on day 1 decreased mRNA levels through day 7 (P<0.05), except for bursa CAT-I which tended to increase (P=0.05). The thymus and spleen did not express any CAT isoform mRNA until day 7. The liver was the only tissue expressing GLUT-2 niRNA through day 14. On day 14, GLUT-1, CAT-1 and CAT-2 mRNA were differentially expressed across tissues (P<0.05). High-affinity GLUT and CAT mRNA expression was highest in the heart and bursa, respectively (P<0.05). Total CAT mRNA expression was greatest in the bursa (P<0.05). The thymus had the lowest high affinity GLUT and total CAT mRNA expression on day 14 posthatch. Therefore, T lymphocytes within the thymus may be most susceptible to glucose and cationic amino acid supply. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klasing, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kcklasing@ucdavis.edu NR 56 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 4 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.06.016 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 860IR UT WOS:000224336400013 PM 15369841 ER PT J AU Gu, YC Bauer, TR Ackermann, MR Smith, CW Kehrli, ME Starost, MF Hickstein, DD AF Gu, YC Bauer, TR Ackermann, MR Smith, CW Kehrli, ME Starost, MF Hickstein, DD TI The genetic immunodeficiency disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, in humans, dogs, cattle, and mice SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CANINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; COMMON BETA-SUBUNIT; CD18-DEFICIENT MICE; T-CELL; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; NEUTROPHIL DYSFUNCTION; P150,95 GLYCOPROTEINS; RECURRENT INFECTIONS; HOLSTEIN HEIFER AB This review highlights the genotype-phenotype relationship of the genetic immunodeficiency disease leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) in humans, dogs, cattle, and mice, and provides assessment of the opportunities that each animal species provides in the understanding of leukocyte biology and in developing new therapeutic approaches to LAD in humans. This comparison is important since animal models of genetic diseases in humans provide the opportunity to test new therapeutic approaches in an appropriate, disease-specific model. The success of this approach is dependent on the relationship of the phenotype in the animal to the phenotype of the disease in humans. C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Immunol & Med, Sect Leukocyte Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NIH, Off Res Serv, Div Vet Resources, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 4 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 847LD UT WOS:000223393100002 PM 15357315 ER PT J AU Kauffman, JB AF Kauffman, JB TI Death rides the forest: Perceptions of fire, land use, and ecological restoration of western forests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catastrophic wildfires; forest restoration; forest thinning; fuel-hazard reduction; prescribed fire; wildfires; wildland fire AB Large wild fires occurring in forests, grasslands, and chaparral in the last few years have aroused much public concern. Many have described these events as "catastrophes" that must be Prevented through aggressive increases in forest thinning. Yet the real catastrophes are not the fires themselves but those land uses, in concert with fire-suppression policies that have resulted in dramatic alterations to ecosystem structure and composition. The first step in the restoration of biological diversity (forest health) of western landscapes must be to implement changes in those factors that have caused degradation or are preventing recovery. This includes changes in policies and practices that have resulted in the current state of wildland ecosystems. Restoration entails much more than simple structural modifications achieved though mechanical means. Restoration should be undertaken at landscape scales and must allow for the occurrence of dominant ecosystem processes, such as the natural fire regimes achieved through natural and/or prescribed fires at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kauffman, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1151 Punchbowl St Suite 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM boonekauffman@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 878 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.545_1.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400009 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mote, P AF McKenzie, D Gedalof, Z Peterson, DL Mote, P TI Climatic change, wildfire, and conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climatic change; conservation; fire history; general circulation models; wildfire ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CANADIAN ROCKIES AB Climatic variability is a dominant factor affecting large wildfires in the western United States, an observation supported by palaeoecological data on charcoal in lake sediments and reconstructions from fire-scarred trees. Although current fire management focuses on fuel reductions to bring fuel loadings back to their historical ranges, at the regional scale extreme fire weather is still the dominant influence on area burned and fire severity. Current forecasting tools are limited to short-term predictions of fire weather but increased understanding of large-scale oceanic and atmospheric patterns in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., El Nino Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation) may improve our ability to predict climatic variability at seasonal to annual leads. Associations between these quasi-periodic patterns and fire occurrence, though evident in some regions, have been difficult to establish in others. Increased temperature in the future will likely extend fire seasons throughout the western United States, with more fires occurring earlier and later than is currently typical, and will increase the total area burned in some regions. If climatic change increases the amplitude and duration of extreme fire weather we can expect significant changes in the distribution and abundance of dominant plant species in some ecosystems, which would thus affect habitat of some sensitive plant and animal species. Some species that are sensitive to fire may decline, whereas the distribution and abundance of species favored by fire may be enhanced. The effects of climatic change will partially depend on the extent to which resource management modifies vegetation structure and fuels. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Victoria, Tree Ring Lab, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. Univ Washington, JISAO, SMA, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us NR 97 TC 281 Z9 299 U1 23 U2 110 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 890 EP 902 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00492.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400011 ER PT J AU Perry, DA Jing, H Youngblood, A Oetter, DR AF Perry, DA Jing, H Youngblood, A Oetter, DR TI Forest structure and fire susceptibility in volcanic landscapes of the eastern high cascades, Oregon SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire exclusion; forest fire; forest health; ponderosa pine; stability; thinning; tree invasion ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; HEALTH AB Multidimensional forest health initiatives-those designed to restore and protect forest integrity in the large sense-require, among other things, a better understanding of the relationship between the structure of forests and (1) their susceptibility to wildfires outside the range of natural variability and (2) the level of treatment (if any) required to lower susceptibility into an acceptable range. Within the ponderosa pine zone (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) on the eastern slopes of Oregon's Cascade Range, an average of 86% of trees >5 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were less than 101 years old, the density of young trees correlating negatively with the density of old trees (> 150 yrs). Species composition differed significantly between age classes: 72% of trees older than 150 years were ponderosa pine, whereas 83% of trees younger than 101 years were either grand fir (Abies grandis [Dougl.]Lindl.) or lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex). Loud Crown bulk density calculated to reflect the multiple canopy layer structure of these stands (CBDm) averaged 0.049 kg/m(3), compared to 0.093 kg/m(3) using the standard approach (p < 0.001), indicating that the latter significantly overestimates risk of active crown fire in stands with complex canopy structure. Nevertheless, modeling with CBDm predicts that under severe but plausible weather conditions (late summer fuel moisture and 48-kph winds) crown kill would exceed 70% on 5 of 14 plots and 50% on an additional 5 plots. Models also predict that thinning trees of <20 cm dbb, coupled with controlled burning to reduce logging slash, would prevent torching (fire moving from the ground into crowns) on all plots, even under extreme fire conditions (low fuel moisture and 80-kpb winds). The amount of thinning required to prevent spread from crown to crown (active crown fire) varied widely among plots and depended on the degree of risk deemed acceptable. The relationship between stand basal area and the critical wind speed required to maintain active crown fire followed a negative power law (r(2) = 0.92), implying that over certain ranges small changes in basal area result in relatively large changes in susceptibility (assuming that changes in basal area are due to addition or removal of smaller trees). Landsat thematic mapper correlates reasonably well with CBDm (r(2) = 0.80) and may provide a tool for rapid risk assessment. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, LaGrande Forestry Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Georgia Coll & State Univ, Dept Hist & Geog, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. RP Perry, DA (reprint author), POB 8, Kapuau, HI 96755 USA. EM perryd@ibawaii.net RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 913 EP 926 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00530.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400013 ER PT J AU Beyers, JL AF Beyers, JL TI Postfire seeding for erosion control: Effectiveness and impacts on native plant communities SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual ryegrass; burned area rehabilitation; cereal grains; grasses; mulch ID WILDFIRE; GRASSES AB Large, high-severity wildfires remove vegetation cover and expose mineral soil, ofen causing erosion and runoff during postfire rain events to increase dramatically. Land-management agencies in the United States are required to assess site conditions after wildfire and, where necessary, implement emergency watershed rehabilitation measures to help stabilize soil; control movement of water, sediment, and debris; prevent permanent impairment of ecosystem structure and function; and mitigate significant threats to human health, safety, life, property, or downstream values. One of the most common postfire treatments is broadcast seeding of grasses, usually from aircraft. Non-native annual or perennial grasses typically are used to provide quick, temporary ground cover to hold soil in place until native plants are reestablished. Critics argue that seeded grasses compete with native vegetation and do not effectively reduce erosion. Few data exist on the effectiveness of erosion control; less than hay of the studies I reviewed showed reduced sediment movement with seeding. In all vegetation types, successful growth of seeded grasses-enough to affect erosion-appears to displace native or naturalized species, including shrub and tree seedlings. Due to the competitiveness of seeded grasses, they are used to attempt suppression of noxious weeds in some postfire seeding operations. In burned sagebrush range, postfire seeding is frequently used to replace non-native cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) with native or introduced bunchgrasses, with at least short-term success. In recent years, native species and sterile cereal grains have increasingly been used for seeding. Use of aerially applied straw mulch has increased as well, with the risk of weed introduction from contaminated bales. More research on the effectiveness and ecosystem impacts of these alternatives is needed. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92557 USA. RP Beyers, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92557 USA. EM jbeyers@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00523.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842CD UT WOS:000222979400016 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Jackson, MA Kuo, TM Nakamura, LK AF Labeda, DP Jackson, MA Kuo, TM Nakamura, LK TI Enantioselective hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate by a strain of Nocardia corynebacteroides SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC HYDROLYSIS; RESOLUTION; ESTERS; ACID; LIPASE AB The results of a screen for microbial esterases that have enantioselective activity for the hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate are described. The preliminary screen determined that a nocardio-form bacterial strain, NRRL 21057, exhibited significant activity in preferentially hydrolyzing the S enantiomer of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate. Molecular systematics methods identified NRRL 21057 as a strain of Nocardia corynebacteroides. A survey of phylogenetically related species in the genera Gordonia, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia strains demonstrated that N. corynebacteroides NRRL 21057 is the most active strain known for the specific hydrolysis of the R-isomer of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate and that it provides the S-isomer of 2-ethylhexanoate in 86% enantiomeric excess within 22 h. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM labedadp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 133 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4307-6 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 839RV UT WOS:000222803500011 PM 15297919 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Figares, I Shannon, AE Wray-Cahen, D Caperna, TJ AF Fernandez-Figares, I Shannon, AE Wray-Cahen, D Caperna, TJ TI The role of insulin, glucagon, dexamethasone, and leptin in the regulation of ketogenesis and glycogen storage in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes prepared from 60 kg pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig hepatocytes; ketogenesis; ketone body ratio (KBR); glycogen; leptin ID FATTY-ACID METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRIAL 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA SYNTHASE; NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE; KETONE-BODY RATIO; NEWBORN PIGS; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; MONOLAYER-CULTURES; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; FETAL HEPATOCYTES; NEONATAL PIGLETS AB A study was conducted to elucidate hormonal control of ketogenesis and glycogen deposition in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from pigs (54-68 kg) by collagenase perfusion and seeded into collagen-coated T-25 flasks. Monolayers were established in medium containing fetal bovine serum for 1 day and switched to a serum-free medium for the remainder of the culture period. Hepatocytes were maintained in DMEM/M 199 containing 1% DMSO, dexamethasone (10(-6) or 10(-7) M), linoleic acid (3.4 x 10(-5) M), and carnitine (10(-3) M) for 3 days. On the first day of serum-free culture, insulin was added at 1 or 100 ng/ml and glucagon was added at 0, 1, or 100 ng/ml. Recombinant human leptin (200 ng/ml) was added during the final 24 h; medium and all cells were harvested on the third day. Concentrations of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (ketone bodies) in media and glycogen deposition in the cellular compartment were determined. Ketogenesis was highly stimulated by glucagon (1 and 100 ng/ml) and inhibited by insulin. In contrast, glycogen deposition was stimulated by insulin and attenuated by glucagon; high insulin was also associated with a reduction in the ketone body ratio (acetoacetate: beta-hydroxybutyrate). High levels of dexamethasone stimulated ketogenesis, but inhibited glycogen deposition at low insulin. Culture of cells with leptin for 24 h, over the range of insulin, glucagon, and dexamethasone concentrations had no effect on either glycogen deposition or ketogenesis. These data suggest that while adult porcine hepatocytes are indeed sensitive to hormonal manipulation, leptin has no direct influence on hepatic energy metabolism in swine. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caperna, TJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Room 202, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM caperna@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Fernandez-Figares, Ignacio/I-9193-2012 OI Fernandez-Figares, Ignacio/0000-0001-6739-2553 NR 73 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.02.003 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 838EK UT WOS:000222696100003 PM 15219932 ER PT J AU Paine, MF Widmer, W Snyder, J Criss, AB Beavers, KL Pusek, SN Watkins, PB AF Paine, MF Widmer, W Snyder, J Criss, AB Beavers, KL Pusek, SN Watkins, PB TI Do furanocoumarins mediate the grapefruit juice-cyclosporine interaction in humans in vivo? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Pharmacotherapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 599 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200595 ER PT J AU Erpul, G Gabriels, D Norton, LD AF Erpul, G Gabriels, D Norton, LD TI Wind effects on sediment transport by raindrop-impacted shallow flow: A wind-tunnel study SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind-driven rain; raindrop-induced roughness; unidirectional splashes; sediment transport by shallow flow ID OVERLAND-FLOW; WATER EROSION; RAINFALL; SPLASH; DETACHMENT; DISCHARGE; CAPACITY; SURFACE; RUNOFF AB In wind-driven rains. wind velocity and direction are expected to affect not only energy input of rains but also shallow flow hydraulics by changing roughness induced by raindrop impacts with an angle on flow and the unidirectional splashes in the wind direction. A wind-tunnel study under wind-driven rains was conducted to determine the effects of horizontal wind velocity and direction on sediment transport by the raindrop-impacted shallow flow. Windless rains and the rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6 m s(-1), 10 m s(-1), and 14 m s(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20 by 55 cm soil pail placed on both windward and leeward slopes of 7 per cent, 15 per cent, and 20 per cent. During each rainfall application, sediment and runoff samples were collected at 5-min intervals at the bottom edge of the soil pan with wide-mouth bottles and were determined gravimetrically. Based on the interrill erosion mechanics, kinetic energy flux (E-rn) as a rainfall parameter and product of unit discharge and slope in the form of q(b)S(o)(c) as a flow parameter were used to explain the interactions between impact and flow parameters and sediment transport (q(s)). The differential sediment transport rates occurred depending on the variation in raindrop trajectory and rain intensity with the wind velocity and direction. Flux of rain energy computed by combining the effects of wind on the velocity, frequency, and angle of raindrop impact reasonably explained the characteristics of wind-driven rains and acceptably accounted for the differences in sediment delivery rates to the shallow flow transport (R-2 greater than or equal to 0.78). Further analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficients between E-rn and qS(o) and q(s) also showed that wind velocity and direction significantly affected the hydraulics of the shallow flow. E-rn had a smaller correlation coefficient with the q(s) in windward slopes where not only reverse splashes but also reverse lateral raindrop stress with respect to the shallow flow direction occurred. However, E-rn was as much effective as qS(o) in the sediment transport in the leeward slopes where advance splashes and advance lateral raindrop stress on the now occurred. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons. Ltd. C1 Ankara Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Erpul, G (reprint author), Ankara Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-06110 Ankara, Turkey. EM erpul@agri.ankara.edu.tr RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 8 BP 955 EP 967 DI 10.1002/esp.1077 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 843PR UT WOS:000223097100002 ER PT J AU Thomas, JT Iverson, NR Burkart, MR Kramer, LA AF Thomas, JT Iverson, NR Burkart, MR Kramer, LA TI Long-term growth of a valley-bottom gully, western Iowa SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE gully; growth rate; catchment area; stream power; iowa ID EROSION; SPAIN; SOIL AB Growth of a permanent, valley-bottom gully from 1964 to 2000 was determined annually from survey and sediment-discharge data and compared with runoff and baseflow discharges. Data were analysed to test the hypothesis that rates of gully growth decay exponentially with time in response to shrinking catchment area caused by gully enlargement, Also, monthly values of growth rates and runoff, averaged over the 36-year record, were analysed with mass-wasting data to determine the extent to which colluvium availability affected growth rates seasonally. From 1964 to 2000, the gully volume increased by 9200 m(3), accounting for 34 per cent of sediment yield from the watershed. There were tight power-law relationships between annual growth rates and annual runoff, with runoff exponents of 1.57 and 1.30 for headward and volumetric growth, respectively, Increases in gully length, area, and volume were fitted successfully assuming an exponential decay in growth rate with time. Rather than being clue to a decrease in catchment area, however, the decline in growth rate was caused by a 77 per cent decrease in the ratio of runoff to baseflow, which also widened the gull), and reduced the mean slope of its banks. Order-of-magnitude seasonal changes in erosion efficiency, defined as the fraction of stream power used to evacuate sediment from the gully, were roughly correlated with colluvium availability. as indicated by seasonal changes in the number of batik mass-wasting events. No more than 2.2 per cent of stream power was used to evacuate sediment during any month. This study demonstrates the danger of attributing declining rates of gully growth to a shrinking catchment area if corroborative runoff and baseflow data are not available. Moreover, it illustrates that stream power alone provides only a rough and physically indirect measure of erosion potential. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iverson, NR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM niverson@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 8 BP 995 EP 1009 DI 10.1002/esp.1084 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 843PR UT WOS:000223097100005 ER PT J AU Kaye, JP Burke, IC Mosier, AR Guerschman, JP AF Kaye, JP Burke, IC Mosier, AR Guerschman, JP TI Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from urban soils to the atmosphere SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE greenhouse gases; land use; lawn management; methane; nitrous oxide; urbanization; urban soils; contribution to greenhouse-gas fluxes ID FOREST SOILS; LONG-TERM; LAND-USE; EMISSIONS; IMPACT; N2O; CH4 AB Land-use change is an important driver of soil-atmosphere gas exchange, but current greenhouse-gas budgets lack data from urban lands. Field comparisons of urban and non-urban ecosystems are required to predict the consequences of global urban-land expansion for greenhouse-gas budgets. In a rapidly urbanizing region of the U.S. Great Plains, we measured soil-atmosphere exchange of methane (CH(4)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) for one year in replicated (n = 3) urban lawn, native shortgrass steppe, dryland wheat-fallow, and flood-irrigated corn ecosystems. All soils were net sinks for atmospheric CH, but uptake by urban, corn, and wheat-fallow soils was half that of native grasslands (-0.30 +/- 0.04 g C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) [.mean +/- I SE]). Urban (0.24 +/- 0.03 g N(.)m(-1.)yr(-1)) and corn (0.20 +/- 0.02 g N(.)m(-2.)yr(-1)) soils emitted 10 times more N(2)O to the atmosphere than native grassland and wheat-fallow soils. Using remotely sensed land-cover data we calculated an upper bound for the contribution of lawns to regional soil-atmosphere gas fluxes. Urban lawns occupied 6.4% of a 1578-km(2) study region, but contribute up to 5% and 30% of the regional soil CH(4) consumption and N(2)O emission, respectively, from land-use types that we sampled. Lawns that cover small portions of the landscape may contribute significantly to regional soil-atmosphere gas exchange. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fac Agron, Catedra Ecol,IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Kaye, JP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 873211, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI GUERSCHMAN, Juan/C-1479-2009; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI GUERSCHMAN, Juan/0000-0001-7464-6304; Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 24 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 975 EP 981 DI 10.1890/03-5115 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600002 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA McGarigal, K AF Cushman, SA McGarigal, K TI Hierarchical analysis of forest bird species-environment relationships in the Oregon Coast Range SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bird communities; canonical correspondence analysis; community structure; forest birds; hierarchy; multiple-scale; Oregon Coast Range; species-habitat relationships; variance partitioning; vegetation cover type ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BREEDING BIRDS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITIES AB Species in biological communities respond to environmental variation simultaneously across a range of organizational levels. Accordingly, it is important to quantify the effects of environmental factors at multiple levels on species distribution and abundance. Hierarchical methods that explicitly separate the independent and confounded influences of environmental variation across several levels of organization are powerful tools for this task. Our study used a hierarchical approach to partition explained variance in an Oregon Coast Range bird community among plot-, patch-, and landscape-level factors. We used a series of partial canonical ordinations to decompose species-environment relationships across these levels of organization to test four hypotheses about the importance of environmental control over community structure. We found that plot-level factors were better predictors of community structure than patch- or landscape-level factors. In addition, although landscape-level variables contributed substantial independent explanatory power, there was little evidence that patch-level environmental variability provided additional explanation of community structure beyond that provided by plot- and landscape-level factors. At higher levels of the hierarchical analysis, we found that, among plot-level factors, vegetation cover type was as powerful a predictor of community structure as detailed floristics, and more powerful than vegetation structure. At the landscape level, we found that landscape composition and configuration both provided substantial independent explanatory power, with landscape composition being the better overall predictor. Our results have a number of implications for sampling, analysis, and conservation. For example, misleading results could be obtained by studies conducted at a single organizational level. Also, the high degree of confounding among several levels of our analysis suggests that there is a lack of independence between the influences of environmental structure at different organizational levels. Due to this confounding, our results suggest that patch-based studies of forest-bird ecological relationships in the Oregon Coast Range may be equivocal. In addition, the power of mapped cover class as a plot-level predictor variable suggests that coarse-filter, multiscale approaches utilizing remote sensing and GIS may be nearly as effective at predicting local patterns as expensive field surveys of habitat conditions at the plot level, and more effective at predicting patterns continuously across large regions. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1090 EP 1105 DI 10.1890/03-5131 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600012 ER PT J AU Silver, WL Kueppers, LM Lugo, AE Ostertag, R Matzek, V AF Silver, WL Kueppers, LM Lugo, AE Ostertag, R Matzek, V TI Carbon sequestration and plant community dynamics following reforestation of tropical pasture SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biomass; C isotopes; C sequestration; Luquillo experimental forest; nonnative species; productivity; Puerto Rico; tropical reforestation ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LAND-USE CHANGE; SECONDARY FORESTS; TREE PLANTATIONS; RAIN-FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; AFFORESTATION AB Conversion of abandoned cattle pastures to secondary forests and plantations in the tropics has been proposed as a means to increase rates of carbon (C) sequestration from the atmosphere and enhance local biodiversity. We used a long-term tropical reforestation project (55-61 yr) to estimate rates of above- and belowground C sequestration and to investigate the impact of planted species on overall plant community structure. Thirteen tree species (nine native and four nonnative species) were planted as part of the reforestation effort in the mid to late 1930s. In 1992, there were 75 tree species (>9.1 cm dbh) in the forest. Overall, planted species accounted for 40% of the importance value of the forest; planted normative species contributed only 5% of the importance value. In the reforested ecosystem, the total soil C pool (0-60 cm depth) was larger than the aboveground C pool, and there was more soil C in the forest (102 +/- 10 Mg/ha [mean +/- I SE]) than in an adjacent pasture of similar age (69 16 Mg/ha). Forest soil C (C-3-C) increased at a rate of similar to0.9 Mg(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1), but residual pasture C (C-4-C) was lost at a rate of 0.4 Mg(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1), yielding a net gain of 33 Mg/ha as a result of 61 years of forest regrowth. Aboveground C accumulated at a rate of 1.4 +/- 0.05 Mg(.)ha(-1.)yr(-1), to a total of 80 +/- 3 Mg/ha. A survey of 426 merchantable trees in 1959 and 1992 showed that they grew faster in the second 33 years of forest development than in the first 22 years, indicating that later stages of forest development can play an important role in C sequestration. Few indices of C cycling were correlated with plant community composition or structure. Our results indicate that significant soil C can accumulate with reforestation and that there are strong legacies of pasture use and reforestation in plant community structure and rates of plant C sequestration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forest Serv, Int Inst Tropical Forest, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 151 Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wsilver@nature.berkeley.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013; Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013 OI Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579 NR 58 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1127 DI 10.1890/03-5123 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600014 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Gholz, HL Castro, MS AF Clark, KL Gholz, HL Castro, MS TI Carbon dynamics along a chronosequence of slash pine plantations in north Florida SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; eddy covariance; Florida; USA; management cycle; net carbon exchange; slash pine plantation ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; SOIL CO2 EVOLUTION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SIMULATION-MODEL; EUROPEAN FORESTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; DIOXIDE; FLUXES AB To determine factors controlling the carbon dynamics of an intensively managed landscape, we measured net CO, exchange with the atmosphere using eddy covariance and soil CO2 fluxes using static chambers along a chronosequence of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) plantations consisting of a recent clearcut, a mid-rotation (10-yr-old) stand, and a rotation-aged (24-yr-old) stand. Daytime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEEday) at the clearcut was not significantly different than zero during the growing season of the first year following harvest and reached levels that were similar to40% of those at the older stands during the second growing season. NEEday was similar at the mid-rotation and rotation-aged sites, reflecting the similar leaf areas of these stands. Nighttime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEEnight) was an exponential function of air or soil temperature at all sites. However, low decomposition rates of litter and flooding of the site following harvest likely constrained NEEnight at the clearcut, and drought affected rates at the mid-rotation site. Annual net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEEyr) was estimated at -1269 and -882 g C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at the clearcut, and 576 and 603 g C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at the mid-rotation stand in 1998 and 1999, respectively. For comparison, NEEyr was 741 and 610 g C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at the rotation-aged stand in 1996 and 1997, respectively. In contrast, annual ecosystem respiration (R-eco) was similar in magnitude at all sites during all years. Although R-eco is similar in magnitude, NEEyr is highly dynamic across this intensively managed landscape, with a maximum range of similar to2000 g C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1). This range exceeds that across all the sites in both the Ameriflux and Euroflux networks and illustrates the need to include the range of stand ages and disturbance histories in landscape- to regional-scale flux estimates. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Clark, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 501 4 Mile Rd, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. EM kennethclark@fs.fed.us RI Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 49 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1171 DI 10.1890/02-5391 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844KI UT WOS:000223156600017 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Keller, M Pereira, R Zweede, JC Silva, JNM AF Asner, GP Keller, M Pereira, R Zweede, JC Silva, JNM TI Canopy damage and recovery after selective logging in Amazonia: Field and satellite studies SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Amazon basin; Brazil; canopy damage; gap fraction; Landsat 7; land-use change; selective logging; spectral mixture analysis; timber harvest; tropical forest ID EASTERN AMAZON; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; NATURAL-RESOURCE; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; CARBON; COVER AB We combined a detailed field study of canopy gap fraction with spectral mixture analyses of Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery to assess landscape and regional dynamics of canopy damage following selective logging in an eastern Amazon forest. Our field studies encompassed measurements of ground damage and canopy gap fractions along multitemporal sequences of post-harvest regrowth of 0.5-3.5 yr. Areas used to stage harvested logs prior to transport, called log decks, had the largest forest gap fractions, but their contribution to the landscape-level gap dynamics was minor. Tree falls were spatially the most extensive form of canopy damage following selective logging, but the canopy gap fractions resulting from them were small. Reduced-impact logging resulted in consistently less damage to the forest canopy than did conventional logging practices. This was true at the level of individual landscape strata such as roads, skids, and tree falls as well as at the area-integrated scale. A spectral mixture model was employed that utilizes bundles of field and image spectral reflectance measurements with Monte Carlo analysis to estimate high spatial resolution (subpixel) cover of forest canopies, exposed norphotosynthetic vegetation, and soils in the Landsat imagery. The method proved highly useful for quantifying forest canopy cover fraction in log decks, roads, skids, tree fall, and intact forest areas, and it tracked canopy damage up to 3.5 yr post-harvest. Forest canopy cover fractions derived from the satellite observations were highly and inversely correlated with field-based canopy gap fraction. Subsequent regional-scale estimates of forest gap fraction were derived from the combination of field- and satellite-based measurements. A 450-km(2) study of gap fraction showed that approximately one-half of the canopy opening caused by logging is closed within one year of regrowth following timber harvests. This is the first regional-scale study utilizing field measurements, satellite observations, and models to quantify forest canopy damage and recovery following selective logging in the Amazon. C1 Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Fundacao Floresta Trop, BR-66063140 Para, Brazil. Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 39 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 SU S BP S280 EP S298 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TU UT WOS:000223269000023 ER PT J AU Keller, M Alencar, A Asner, GP Braswell, B Bustamante, M Davidson, E Feldpausch, T Fernandes, E Goulden, M Kabat, P Kruijt, B Luizao, F Miller, S Markewitz, D Nobre, AD Nobre, CA Priante, N da Rocha, H Dias, PS von Randow, C Vourlitis, GL AF Keller, M Alencar, A Asner, GP Braswell, B Bustamante, M Davidson, E Feldpausch, T Fernandes, E Goulden, M Kabat, P Kruijt, B Luizao, F Miller, S Markewitz, D Nobre, AD Nobre, CA Priante, N da Rocha, H Dias, PS von Randow, C Vourlitis, GL TI Ecological research in the large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia: Early results SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Amazon; carbon; cerrado; land-use and land cover change; LBA; nutrients; Oxisol; savanna; trace gases; tropical forest; Ultisol ID BOUNDARY-LAYER EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; LAND-USE; SECONDARY VEGETATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZONIA; BIOMASS; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS AB The Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) is a multinational, interdisciplinary research program led by Brazil. Ecological studies in LBA focus on how tropical forest conversion, regrowth, and selective logging influence carbon storage,. nutrient dynamics, trace gas fluxes, and the prospect for sustainable land use in the Amazon region. Early results from ecological studies within LBA emphasize the variability within the vast Amazon region and the profound effects that land-use and landcover changes are having on that landscape. The predominant land cover of the Amazon region is evergreen forest; nonetheless, LBA studies have observed strong seasonal patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange, as well as phenology and tree growth. The seasonal patterns vary spatially and interannually and evidence suggests that these patterns are driven not only by variations in weather but also by innate biological rhythms of the forest species. Rapid rates of deforestation have marked the forests of the Amazon region over the past three decades. Evidence from ground-based surveys and remote sensing show that substantial areas of forest are being degraded by logging activities and through the collapse of forest edges. Because forest edges and logged forests are susceptible to fire, positive feedback cycles of forest degradation may be initiated by land-use-change events. LBA studies indicate that cleared lands in the Amazon, once released from cultivation or pasture usage, regenerate biomass rapidly. However, the pace of biomass accumulation is dependent upon past land use and the depletion of nutrients by unsustainable land-management practices. The challenge for ongoing research within LBA is to integrate the recognition of diverse patterns and processes into general models for prediction of regional ecosystem function. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Syst, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. IPAM, BR-66035170 Belem, Para, Brazil. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Trop Cropping Syst & Agroforestry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Dept Ecol, BR-69011970 Amazonas, Brazil. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. Univ Federal Mato Grosso, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, Dept Atmospher Sci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Calif State Univ San Marcos, Biol Sci Dept, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Syst, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM michael.keller@unh.edu RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; von Randow, Celso/B-3335-2009; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Nobre, Antonio /H-4309-2012; Feldpausch, Ted/D-3436-2009; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015 OI von Randow, Celso/0000-0003-1045-4316; Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Nobre, Antonio /0000-0001-6840-6398; Feldpausch, Ted/0000-0002-6631-7962; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X NR 89 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 SU S BP S3 EP S16 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TU UT WOS:000223269000002 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Binkley, D Fownes, JH Giardina, CP Senock, RS AF Ryan, MG Binkley, D Fownes, JH Giardina, CP Senock, RS TI An experimental test of the causes of forest growth decline with stand age SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE aboveground productivity; age-related decline; belowground allocation; carbon allocation; Eucalyptus; foliar respiration; forest production; leaf area; modeling; nutrition; soil respiration; wood respiration ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; PINE PINUS-ELLIOTTII; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; WOODY-PLANTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; TREE HEIGHT; LEAF-AREA; LODGEPOLE PINE AB The decline in aboveground wood production after canopy closure in even-aged forest stands is a common pattern in forests, but clear evidence for the mechanism causing the decline is lacking. The problem is fundamental to forest biology, commercial forestry (the decline sets the rotation age), and to carbon storage in forests. We tested three hypotheses about mechanisms causing the decline in wood growth by quantifying the complete carbon budget of developing stands for over six years (a full rotation) in replicated plantations of Eucalyptus saligna near Pepeekeo, Hawaii. Our first hypothesis was that gross primary production (GPP) does not decline with stand age, and that the decline in wood growth results from a shift in partitioning from wood production to respiration (as tree biomass accumulates), total belowground carbon allocation (as a result of declining soil nutrient supply), or some combination of these or other sinks. An alternative hypothesis was that GPP declines with stand age and that the decline in aboveground wood production is proportional to the decline in GPP. A decline in GPP could be driven by reduced canopy leaf area and photosynthetic capacity resulting from increasing nutrient limitation, increased abrasion between tree canopies. lower turgor pressure to drive foliar expansion, or hydraulic limitation of water flux as tree height increases. A final hypothesis was a combination of the first two: GPP declinus, but the decline in wood production is disproportionately larger because partitioning shifts as well. We measured the entire annual carbon budget (aboveground production and respiration, total belowground carbon allocation [TBCA], and GPP) from 0.5 years after seedling planting through 61/2, years (when trees were similar to25 in tall). The replicated plots included two densities of trees (1111 trees/ha and 10 000 trees/ha) to vary the ratio of canopy leaf mass to wood mass in the individual trees, and three fertilization regimes (minimal, intensive, and minimal followed by intensive after three years) to assess the role of nutrition in shaping the decline in GPP and aboveground wood production. The forest closed its canopy in 1-2 years, with peak aboveground wood production, coinciding with canopy closure, of 1.2-1.8 kg C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1). Aboveground wood production declined from 1.4 yr(-1.) at age 2 to 0.60 kg C-m(-2). kg, C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at a yr(-1) at age 6. Hypothesis I failed: GPP declined from 5.0 kg C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at age 2 to 3.2 kg C(.)m(-2 .)yr(-1) at age 6. Aboveground woody respiration declined from 0.66 kg C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at age 2 to 0.22 kg C.m(-2.) yr(-1) at age 6 and TBCA declined from 1.9 kg C(.)m(-2.)yr\(-1) C, C, at age 2 to 1.4 kg C(.)m(-2.)yr(-1) at age 6. Our data supported hypothesis 3: the decline in aboveground wood production (42% of peak) was proportionally greater than the decline in canopy photosynthesis (64% of peak). The fraction of GPP partitioned to belowground allocation and foliar respiration increased with stand age and contributed to the decline in aboveground wood production. The decline in GPP was not caused by nutrient limitation, a decline in leaf area or in photosynthetic capacity, or (from a related study on the same site) by hydraulic limitation. Nutrition did interact with the decline in GPP and aboveground wood production, because treatments with high nutrient availability declined more slowly than did our control treatment, which was fertilized only during stand establishment. C1 USDA ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Agr Forestry & Nat Resource Management, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 87 TC 194 Z9 207 U1 7 U2 80 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 393 EP 414 DI 10.1890/03-4037 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848GM UT WOS:000223455600002 ER PT J AU Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM AF Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM TI Oak forest carbon and water simulations: Model intercomparisons and evaluations against independent data SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE autotrophic respiration; carbon budget; computer models; evaporation; evapotranspiration; NEE; NPP; transpiration; water budget ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Models represent our primary method for integration of small-scale, process-level phenomena into a comprehensive description of forest-stand or ecosystem function. They also represent a key method for testing hypotheses about the response of forest ecosystems to multiple changing environmental conditions. This paper describes the evaluation of 13 stand-level models varying in their spatial, mechanistic, and temporal complexity for their ability to capture intra- and interannual components of the water and carbon cycle for an upland, oak-dominated forest of eastern Tennessee. Comparisons between model simulations and observations were conducted for hourly, daily, and annual time steps. Data for the comparisons were obtained from a wide range of methods including: eddy covariance, sapflow, chamber-based soil respiration, biometric estimates of stand-level net primary production and growth, and soil water content by time or frequency domain reflectometry. Response surfaces of carbon and water flux as a function of environmental drivers, and a variety of goodness-of-fit statistics (bias, absolute bias, and model efficiency) were used to judge model performance. A single model did not consistently perform the best at all time steps or for all variables considered. Intermodel comparisons showed good agreement for water cycle fluxes, but considerable disagreement among models for predicted carbon fluxes. The mean of all model outputs, however, was nearly always the best fit to the observations. Not surprisingly, models missing key forest components or processes, such as roots or modeled soil water content, were unable to provide accurate predictions of ecosystem responses to short-term drought phenomenon. Nevertheless, an inability to correctly capture short-term physiological processes under drought was not necessarily an indicator of poor annual water and carbon budget simulations. This is possible because droughts in the subject ecosystem were of short duration and therefore had a small cumulative impact. Models using hourly time steps and detailed mechanistic processes, and having a realistic spatial representation of the forest ecosystem provided the best predictions of observed data. Predictive ability of all models deteriorated under drought conditions, suggesting that further work is needed to evaluate and improve ecosystem model performance under unusual conditions, such as drought, that are a common focus of environmental change discussions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37840 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanson, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hansonjp@ornl.gov RI Hui, Dafeng/A-2476-2008; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897 NR 160 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 443 EP 489 DI 10.1890/03-4049 PG 47 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848GM UT WOS:000223455600004 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Cornish, TE Moynahan, BJ Holloran, MJ Brown, K Johnson, GD Schmidtmann, ET Mayer, RT Kato, CY Matchett, MR Christiansen, TJ Cook, WE Creekmore, T Falise, RD Rinkes, ET Boyce, MS AF Naugle, DE Aldridge, CL Walker, BL Cornish, TE Moynahan, BJ Holloran, MJ Brown, K Johnson, GD Schmidtmann, ET Mayer, RT Kato, CY Matchett, MR Christiansen, TJ Cook, WE Creekmore, T Falise, RD Rinkes, ET Boyce, MS TI West Nile virus: pending crisis for greater sage-grouse SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; emerging infectious disease; endangered species; greater sage-grouse; mosquito; population decline; survival; vector surveillance; West Nile virus ID CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; REGRESSION-MODEL; RAPID DETECTION; NEW-YORK; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; MOSQUITOS; RESIDUALS; INFECTION; WILDLIFE AB Scientists have feared that emerging infectious diseases could complicate efforts to conserve rare and endangered species, but quantifying impacts has proven difficult until now. We report unexpected impacts of West Nile virus (WNv) on radio-marked greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species that has declined 45-80% and is endangered in Canada and under current consideration for federal listing in the US. We show that WNv reduced late-summer survival an average of 25% in four radio-marked populations in the western US and Canada. Serum from 112 sage-grouse collected after the outbreak show that none had antibodies, suggesting that they lack resistance. The spread of WNv represents a significant new stressor on sage-grouse and probably other at-risk species. While managing habitat might lessen its impact on sage-grouse populations, WNv has left wildlife and public health officials scrambling to address surface water and vector control issues in western North America. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Boone & Crockett Wildlife Conservat Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting Inc, Wright, WY 82732 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Green River, WY 82935 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Dept Hlth, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Bur Land Management, Billings, MT 59107 USA. Bur Land Management, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM dnaugle@forestry.umt.edu RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X NR 39 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP 704 EP 713 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00631.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838ME UT WOS:000222716600011 ER PT J AU Suchanek, TH Mooney, HA Franklin, JF Gucinski, H Ustin, SL AF Suchanek, TH Mooney, HA Franklin, JF Gucinski, H Ustin, SL TI Carbon dynamics of an old-growth forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Reg Ctr, Natl Inst Global Environm Change, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Suchanek, TH (reprint author), USFWS, Div Environm Contaminants, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM thsuchanek@ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0134-7 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TJ UT WOS:000223266900001 ER PT J AU Shaw, DC Franklin, JF Bible, K Klopatek, J Freeman, E Greene, S Parker, GG AF Shaw, DC Franklin, JF Bible, K Klopatek, J Freeman, E Greene, S Parker, GG TI Ecological setting of the wind river old-growth forest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE old growth; temperate coniferous forest; ecological characterization; soils; geology; climate; vegetation; disturbance ID PSEUDOTSUGA-TSUGA FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON; CARBON; USA; CANOPY; OREGON; EDGE; ECOSYSTEM; BALANCE AB The Wind River old-growth forest, in the southern Cascade Range of Washington State, is a cool (average annual temperature, 8.7degreesC), moist (average annual precipitation, 2223 mm), 500-year-old Douglas-fir-western hemlock forest of moderate to low productivity at 371-m elevation on a less than 10% slope. There is a seasonal snowpack (November-March), and rain-on-snow and freezing-rain events are common in winter. Local geology is characterized by volcanic rocks and deposits of Micocene/Oligocene Micocene-Oligocene (mixed) Micocene and Quaternary age, as well as intrusive rocks of Miocene age. Soils are medial, mesic, Entic Vitrands that are deep (2-3 m), well drained, loams and silt loams, generally stone free, and derived from volcanic tephra. The vegetation is transitional, between the Western Hemlock Zone and the Pacific Silver Fir Zone, and the understory is dominated by vine maple, salal, and Oregon grape. Stand structural parameters have been measured on a 4-ha plot. There are eight species of conifers, with a stand density of 427 trees ha(-1) and basal area of 82.9 m(2) ha(-1). Dominant conifers include Douglas-fir (35 trees ha(-1)), western hemlock (224 trees ha(-1)), Pacific yew (86 trees ha(-1)), western red cedar (30 trees ha(-1)), and Pacific silver fir (47 trees ha(-1)). The average height of Douglas-fir is 52.0 m (tallest tree, 64.6 m), whereas western hemlock averages 19.0 m (tallest tree, 55.7 m). The regional disturbance regime is dominated by high-severity to moderate-severity fire, from which this forest is thought to have originated. There is no evidence that fire has occurred in the forest after establishment. Primary agents of stand disturbance, which act at the individual to small groups of trees scale, are wind, snow loads, and drought, in combination and interacting with root-rot and butt-rot fungi, heart-rot fungi, dwarf mistletoe, and bark beetles. The forest composition is slowly shifting from dominance by Douglas-fir, a shade-intolerant species, to western hemlock, western red cedar, Pacific yew, and Pacific silver fir, all shade-tolerant species. The Wind River old-growth forest fits the regional definition of Douglas-fir "old growth" on western hemlock sites. C1 Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Shaw, DC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. EM dshaw@u.washington.edu OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 54 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0135-6 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TJ UT WOS:000223266900002 ER PT J AU Unsworth, MH Phillips, N Link, T Bond, BJ Falk, M Harmon, ME Hinckley, TM Marks, D U, KTP AF Unsworth, MH Phillips, N Link, T Bond, BJ Falk, M Harmon, ME Hinckley, TM Marks, D U, KTP TI Components and controls of water flux in an old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE sap flow; soil moisture; eddy covariance; transpiration; evaporation; condensation; hydraulic redistribution; hysteresis ID SOIL-WATER; ENERGY-BALANCE; SAP FLOW; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; HYDRAULIC LIFT; GROWING-SEASON; CO2 FLUX; CANOPY; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPIRATION AB We report measurements of rates of sap flow in dominant trees, changes in soil moisture, and evaporation from coarse woody debris in an old-growth Douglas-fir-western hemlock ecosystem at Wind River, Washington, USA, during dry periods in summer. The measurements are compared with eddy-covariance measurements of water-vapor fluxes above the forest (E-e) and at the forest floor (E-u) to examine the components of ecosystem water loss and the factors controlling them. Daily values of E-u were about 10% of E-e. Evaporation from coarse woody debris was only about 2% of E-e. Transpiration (E-t), estimated by scaling sap-flow measurements accounted for about 70% of (E-e- E-u); transpiration from subdominant trees may account for the remainder. The daily total change in soil moisture (E-s) in the top 30 cm was larger than the net change, probably because of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots. Observed differences between E-s and E-e were probably because roots also extract water from greater depth, and/or because the measuring systems sample at different spatial scales. The ratio of E-t to E-s decreased with decreasing soil water content, suggesting that partitioning in water use between understory and overstory changed during the season. The rate of soil drying exceeded E-e early in the day, probably because water vapor was being stored in canopy air space and condensed or adsorbed on tree stems, lichens, and mosses. The daily variation of E-e with vapor-pressure deficit showed strong hysteresis, most likely associated with transpiration of water stored in tree stems and branches. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Unsworth, MH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM unswortm@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010; Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 OI Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044; NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 468 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0138-3 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TJ UT WOS:000223266900005 ER PT J AU Harmon, ME Bible, K Ryan, MG Shaw, DC Chen, H Klopatek, J Li, X AF Harmon, ME Bible, K Ryan, MG Shaw, DC Chen, H Klopatek, J Li, X TI Production, respiration, and overall carbon balance in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-tsuga forest ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE autotrophic respiration; carbon flux; carbon stores; decomposition; gross primary production (GPP); heterotrophic respiration; net ecosystem production (NEP); net primary production (NPP) ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; DOUGLAS-FIR; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; FINE-ROOT; DYNAMICS AB Ground-based measurements of stores, growth, mortality, litterfall, respiration, and decomposition were conducted in an old-growth forest at Wind River Experimental Forest, Washington, USA. These measurements were used to estimate gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP); autotrophic respiration (R-a) and heterotrophic (R-h) respiration; and net ecosystem production (NEP). Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate uncertainty (expressed as +/- 2 standard deviations of 200-400 calculations). Live carbon (C) stores were 39,800 g C m(-2) (34,800-44,800 g C m(-2)). The store of C in detritus and mineral soil was 22,092 g C m(-2) (20,600-23,600 g C m(-2)), and the total C stores were 61,899 g C m(-2) (56,600-67,700 g C m(-2)). Total NPP was 597 g C m(-2) y(-1) (453 to 741 g C m(-2) y(-1)). R-a was 1309 g C m(-2) y(-1) (845-1773 g C m(-2) y(-1)), indicating a GPP of 1906 g C m(-2) y(-1) (1444-2368 g C m(-2) y(-1)). R-h, including the respiration of heart rots in tree boles, was 577 g C m(-2) y(-1) (479-675 g C m(-2) y(-1)). Long-term NEP was estimated to be +20 g C m(-2) y(-1) (-116 to +156 g C m(-2) y(-1)), indicating this stand might be a small sink. These estimates contrast with the larger sink estimated at the same site using eddy-flux methods. Several hypotheses to explain this discrepancy were explored, including (a) undetected biomass increases, (b) underestimates of NPP, (c) unmeasured losses, and (d) a temporal mismatch between the two sets of measurements. The last hypothesis appears the most likely. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harmon, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mark.harmon@oregonstate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 60 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 8 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 498 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0140-9 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 845TJ UT WOS:000223266900007 ER PT J AU Yuan, BZ Xing, Y Horst, RL Drezner, MK AF Yuan, BZ Xing, Y Horst, RL Drezner, MK TI Evidence for abnormal translational regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the Hyp-mouse SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; SERUM 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D LEVELS; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE-EXPRESSION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; D-3-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; CALCITONIN STIMULATION; CALCITRIOL PRODUCTION AB Hyp-mice exhibit abnormal regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]-1alpha-hydroxylase activity. Previous observations suggest such aberrant modulation is posttranscriptional. To investigate this possibility further, we examined whether hypmice manifest abnormal translation of 25(OH) D-1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA. We compared phosphate, parathyroid, and calcitonin effects on renal 25(OH) D-1alpha-hydroxylase protein as well as mRNA and enzyme activity in normal and hyp-mice. We assayed protein by Western blots, mRNA by real-time RT-PCR, and enzyme activity by measuring 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production. Although phosphate-depleted mice exhibited enhanced enzyme function, with significantly increased mRNA and protein expression, hyp-mice comparably increased mRNA but failed to augment enzyme activity, concordant with an inability to increase protein expression. PTH stimulation increased mRNA and protein expression as well as enzyme activity in normal mice but in hyp-mice, despite effecting mRNA enhancement, did not increment enzyme function or protein. The inability of hypophosphatemia and PTH to increase 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity and protein expression in hyp-mice was not universal because calcitonin stimulation was normal, suggesting proximal convoluted tubule localization of the defect. These data, in accord with absent undue enhancement of protein expression in hyp-mice treated with protease inhibitors, establish that abberrant regulation of vitamin D metabolism results from abnormal translational activity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, Clin Sci Ctr H4 554, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Drezner, MK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, Clin Sci Ctr H4 554, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. EM mkd@medicine.wisc.edu NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 145 IS 8 BP 3804 EP 3812 DI 10.1210/en.2004-0192 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 837XB UT WOS:000222673500036 PM 15265826 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Nishida, R AF Shelly, TE Nishida, R TI Larval and adult feeding on methyl eugenol and the mating success of male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; mating; methyl eugenol; Diptera; Tephritidae; mass rearing ID MASS-PRODUCTION; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLY C1 USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Chem Ecol, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00180.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 845TS UT WOS:000223268800010 ER PT J AU Chekol, T Vough, LR Chaney, RL AF Chekol, T Vough, LR Chaney, RL TI Phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils: the rhizosphere effect SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE PCB; soil contamination; phytoremediation ID PCBS AB The objective in the first phase of this study was to screen alfalfa, flatpea, sericea lespedeza, deertongue, reed canarygrass, switchgrass, and tall fescue for phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated soil. During the second phase, the focus was rhizosphere characterization to optimize PCB phytoremediation. Aroclor 1248 (PCB) was added to soil at 100 mg kg(-1) of soil. In the first phase, all of the plant species treatments showed significantly greater PCB biodegradation compared to the unplanted controls and the two most effective species were selected for further study. During the rhizosphere characterization study, soil irradiation did not affect PCB biodegradation, but planting significantly increased PCB biodegradation; 38% or less of the initial PCB was recovered from planted pots, compared to more than 82% from the unplanted control soils. Presence of plants significantly increased the biological activity (microbial counts and enzyme activity) of both irradiated and unirradiated soils. Greater bacterial counts and soil enzyme activity were closely related to higher levels of PCB biodegradation. The data showed that Aroclor 1248 biodegradation in soil seem to be positively influenced by the presence of plants and plant-bacteria interactions. Our results suggested that phytoremediation could be an environmentally friendly alternative for PCB -contaminated soils. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chekol, T (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 1204 Technol Dr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. EM chekolt@battelle.org NR 15 TC 78 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 799 EP 804 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2004.01.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 823CO UT WOS:000221587500005 PM 15120198 ER PT J AU Wang, BD Ferro, DN Wu, JW Wang, SQ AF Wang, BD Ferro, DN Wu, JW Wang, SQ TI Temperature-dependent development and oviposition behavior of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae), a potential biological control agent for the European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma ostriniae; Ostrinia furnacalis; temperature-dependent development; model; oviposition behavior ID EGG PARASITOID TRICHOGRAMMA; NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; HOST ACCEPTANCE; SWEET CORN; STRAINS; PYRALIDAE; GROWTH; MODEL; FIELD; SELECTION AB Trichogramma ostriniae Pang and Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was reared continuously for seven generations on its native host, the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia-furnacalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). It took 6.7 d at 33degreesC and 20 d at 17degreesC from oviposition to adult emergence with no differences between sexes. Several theoretic models were used to fit the temperature-dependent growth curves of T. ostriniae. A transformed day-degree model and the Hilbert-Logan model were the most reliable for predicting temperature development of T ostriniae. The wasps reared on O. furnacalis at 27degreesC by the seventh generation had a lower level of parasitism than wasps from other generations and at other temperatures (17-33degreesC). The number of wasps emerged from individual parasitized egg, and percentage of females produced did not differ for any generations and temperatures The differences among different generations for the amount and proportion of time female wasp spent drumming host eggs did not show any host-and generation-related trends. The time spent drumming by T ostriniae female wasps reared for three generations on O. furnacalis and then four and six generations on the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), differed slightly from the other generations. High variability among the tested wasps indicated that a large number of replicates would be needed to detect the probable differences among generations. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Wang, BD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ, Otis Pest Survey, Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 787 EP 793 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800001 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Weaver, DK Throne, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Weaver, DK Throne, JE TI Development and survivorship of immature angoumois grain moth (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) on stored corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life history; Sitotroga cerealella; corn; modeling; survivorship ID SITOTROGA-CEREALELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; LIFE-HISTORY; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; CURCULIONIDAE; RESISTANCE; HUMIDITIES AB Life, history of immature Angoumois grain moths, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was studied on dent corn (Pioneer 3320) at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40degreesC and at 43, 53-61, 75-76, and 82-87% RH under laboratory conditions. At 10 and 40degreesC, none of the stages survived at any relative humidity. Temperature was the main factor affecting egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time, and egg and larval-pupal survivorship. The shortest egg development times occurred at temperatures of VC and higher, but they increased sharply as temperature decreased. Larval-pupal development time was shortest at 30degreesC. Survivorship was optimal at 20 -30degreesC for eggs and larvae-pupae, but larval-pupal survivorship decreased sharply at 15 and 35degreesC. Duration of larval-pupal development did not vary with sex. Newly emerged females were twofold heavier than males, and temperature and relative humility did not affect weight. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from 1:1 at any temperature or relative humidity. The optimum conditions for development of Angoumois grain moth on corn were 30degreesC and 75% RH. The data will be useful for determining safe storage conditions for corn and for developing a computer model for simulating population dynamics of immature S. cerealella. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, 333 Leon Johnson Hall,POB 173020, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jperez@montana.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 807 EP 814 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800004 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Legaspi, JC AF Simmons, AM Legaspi, JC TI Survival and predation of Delphastus catalinae (Coleoptera : Coceinellidae), a predator of whiteflies (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae), after exposure to a range of constant temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Delphastus catalinae; biological control; vegetable; whitefly ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; COASTAL SOUTH-CAROLINA; PUSILLUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COCCINELLIDAE; PARASITOIDS AB dDelphastus catalinae (Horn) is a predator of whiteflies that has shown promise as a tool in pest management strategies. Exposure to short-term temperature extremes can affect the survival of predators in a greenhouse or field environment. The B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), survives the winters of mild climates (where temperatures are commonly above 0degreesC), but it is not known if D. catalinae can survive such winters. The influence of constant temperature on the survival of D. catalinae was determined in the laboratory using eggs and nymphs of the B-biotype B. tabaci. Over 90% of the adult beetles exposed to temperature regimens of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35degreesC for 24 h survived when confined with hosts. The lower and tipper thresholds for survival over that duration were around 0 and 40degreesC, respectively; similar to1% of the insects survived temperatures beyond these extremes. Survival of D. catalinae pupae was similar to that of adults. Adult D. catalinae survived up to 5.8 mo when confined on a plant infested with whitefly eggs and nymphs and held at 25degreesC; 50% of the cohort survived for 3.4 mo. Those held in a similar test at 35degreesC lived up to 0.6 mo. The number of immature whiteflies consumed during 24 h by adult D. catalinae generally increased with temperatures of 14-30degreesC. This study provides information on temperatures that may affect the survival of D. catalinae during commercial shipment and after release for biological control in the field or greenhouse, and it may help in the understanding of their ability to survive mild winters. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM asimmons@aa.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800008 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL TI Seasonal distribution of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) host strains in agricultural and turf grass habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; host strains; population dynamics ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BERMUDAGRASS; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE; CORN AB Male fall armyworm moths [ Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] were captured in pheromone traps over a 16- to 24-mo period in selected sites in southern Florida. Molecular markers were used to determine whether individuals were of one of two host strains (historically designated "rice-strain" and "corn-strain"). Traps placed in agricultural areas showed a population peak in the spring (March-May) and fall (October-December), with a prolonged decline in numbers in summer (July-October) and a smaller reduction in mid-winter (January). The host strain distribution during these periods varied significantly, suggesting strain-specific and seasonal population patterns. Both strains were captured in substantial numbers during the spring peak, but surprisingly, only the rice-strain showed an increase in capture rates during the fall, despite the presence of sweet corn throughout this period. Trap captures in a sod (turfgrass) farm were composed almost entirely of the rice-strain and showed a bimodal seasonal distribution similar to that seen in the agricultural areas, with peaks in the spring and fall. These results represent the first indication that the two host strains might have substantially different population dynamics in the overwintering agricultural areas of Florida and suggest that the rice-strain is the predominant fall armyworm pest during the fall and winter growing periods. It further indicates that the two strains can display a markedly different response to seasonal environmental cues. The implications of these findings on our understanding of fall armyworm) migration are discussed. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rnagoshi@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 881 EP 889 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800013 ER PT J AU Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Whaley, PM Ramaswamy, SB AF Qureshi, JA Buschman, LL Throne, JE Whaley, PM Ramaswamy, SB TI Rubidium chloride and cesium chloride sprayed on maize plants and evaluated for marking Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in mark-recapture dispersal studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elemental marking; corn; resistance management; southwestern corn borer; Zea mays ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; PINK-BOLLWORM; INSECTS; NOCTUIDAE AB Experiments were undertaken to determine the potential for using rubidium chloride (RbCl) or cesium chloride (CsCl) to mark southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, for use in applied ecological studies. Maize, Zea mays L., plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of RbCl or CsCl at rates of 100, 1000, or 10,000 mug/g and inoculated with D. grandiosella neonates. Rubidium and cesium were successfully absorbed and translocated in maize plants. There were only a few minor effects of the treatment on maize or on southwestern corn borers. Rb and Cs were detected in plants, but not in insects, by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) allowed identification of Rb and Cs in adults. Rb and Cs were detected by GF-AAS in feral unmarked adults, and they contained higher levels of Rb than Cs. Males and females contained similar amounts of Rb, but Cs levels were higher in males than in females. Adults recovered from field maize treated with 1000 mug/g Cs had higher levels of Cs than did those from untreated plants. Using NAA, neither Rb nor Cs was detected in adults recovered from greenhouse-grown untreated maize. Males and females recovered from maize treated with 1000 mug/g RbCl and CsCl contained similar amounts of Rb, but females contained more Rb than Cs. We conclude that application of 1000 mug/g RbCl or CsCl on plants is effective in marking adults of D. grandiosella with Rb or Cs and would be useful for mark-recapture dispersal studies. C1 Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Etens Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Nucl Res & Educ Reactor, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Buschman, LL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Etens Ctr, 4500 E Mary St, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 930 EP 940 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800018 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Shapiro, M Shepard, BM AF Farrar, RR Shapiro, M Shepard, BM TI Activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on foliage of transgenic sweet corn expressing a CryIA (b) toxin SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; corn; nucleopolyhedrovirus; transgenic plants; Bacillus thuringiensis ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS; MIXTURES; LARVAE; COMBINATIONS; POPULATIONS AB The activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (SfMNPV), on transgenic sweet corn, Zea mays (L.), expressing a CryIA (b) toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), was studied in the laboratory. As the line of Bt corn that we studied has only limited efficacy against the fall armyworm, SfMNPV was evaluated as a supplemental treatment. When fall armyworm larvae reared on transgenic or nontransgenic foliage were fed equal dosages of occlusion bodies (OB), measured either as OB per larva or as OB/mg larval weight, mortality was higher among larvae feeding on transgenic corn. However, when larvae were allowed to feed ad libitum on treated foliage, mortality was higher in larvae on the nontransgenic corn. Rates of food consumption were higher on nontransgenic corn, apparently resulting in ingestion of more OBs and countering increased susceptibility of larvae on transgenic corn. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 982 EP 989 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800024 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT AF Vogt, JT TI Quantifying imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) mounds with airborne digital imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multispectral; remote sensing; mounds ID DENSITIES AB Airborne multispectral digital imagery was used to detect imported fire ant mounds in northeast Mississippi pasture. Images were acquired using a GeoVantage GeoScanner camera system, flown at an altitude of 610 m, for a resolution of 0.25 m, and 305 m, for a resolution of 0.1 m. Images were obtained during May 2002, August 2002, November 2002, and February 2003. Distinct mound signatures could be seen in images from May, November, and February; August images were difficult to interpret. Many mounds appeared as dark or light spots of bare soil surrounded by a halo of vigorous vegetation. Up to 75% of mounds were visible in false color infrared images. Mound characteristics (area, height activity, percent vegetation cover) and image characteristics (image color, spatial resolution) all affected mound detection for at least one sampling period. Increasing spatial resolution from 0.25 to 0.1 m did not affect mound detection in May; during other times of the year, increased resolution improved detection by approximate to38%. False color infrared images were generally superior to true color images for mound detection. Potential overestimation because of commission errors was 17-29%. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jvogt@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1051 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800033 ER PT J AU Wilson, TA Hibbard, BE AF Wilson, TA Hibbard, BE TI Host suitability of nonmaize agroecosystem grasses for the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; alternate hosts; resistance management; Bacillus thuringiensis; transgenic-rootworm maize ID STRAIN; LARVAE; RANGE AB The biology of western corn rootworm larvae, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on alternate hosts has become an important topic with the recent commercialization of transgenic-rootworm maize. Larval development and survivorship were monitored on 22 plant species, including maize, Zea mays L.; maize-field weeds; and selected native prairie grasses, fence-row/forage grasses, and small grain crops planted in greenhouse trials. Small pots containing each plant species were infested with 25 western corn rootworm larvae from a nondiapausing strain. Larval recovery was monitored 7, 14, 21, and 26 d after infestation. The dry weight of larvae and adults was recorded in addition to pronotum width of adults and head capsule width of larvae. Larvae survived at least 14 d on 21 species and 26 d on IS species. Third instars were recovered from 16 species. The head capsule width of larvae recovered from quackgrass, Elytrigia repens L.; Rhodes grass, Chloris gayana Kunth; and fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx, were not significantly different from maize on all four sample days. Adults were recovered from 10 species. These data along with other studies show that almost all grasses tested provide enough nutrition for larvae of the western corn rootworm to survive 14 d, and larval development to the third instar can occur on most grasses. The potential for rootworm larvae to move between weeds within or adjacent to a maize field could be an important factor in resistance management of transgenic-rootworm maize. However, the long-term implication of such movement for a low-dose transgenic event has yet to be worked out. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wilson, TA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1108 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800040 ER PT J AU Anderson, PL Hellmich, RL Sears, MK Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC AF Anderson, PL Hellmich, RL Sears, MK Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC TI Effects of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers on monarch butterfly larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgenic corn; nontargets; risk assessment; Danaus plexippus ID DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; ASCLEPIAS-SYRIACA; POLLEN; LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD; CATERPILLARS; NYMPHALIDAE; DEPOSITION; MILKWEEDS; DANAIDAE AB Previous studies suggest that exposure to corn, Zea mays L., anthers expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-derived protein may have adverse effects on the larvae of monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.). To examine the potential effects of Bt anthers on monarch butterflies, studies were designed to test toxicity in the laboratory; examine anther distribution in space and time; compare distributions of anthers, pollen, and larval feeding; and measure effects of long-term exposure in the field. In the laboratory, monarch butterfly larvae fed on whole corn anthers, but anther feeding was sporadic. Larvae exposed to 0.3 anther/cm(2) fed and weighed less after 4 d compared with larvae exposed to non-Bt anthers. Adverse effects increased with increasing anther density. Monarch butterfly larvae exposed to 0.9 anther/cm(2) had reduced feeding, weight, and survival and increased development, I time compared with larvae exposed to non-Bt anthers. Later instars were more tolerant of Bt toxin. For all studies, laboratory testing probably magnified effects because larvae were confined to petri dishes. Field studies showed toxic anther densities are uncommon on milkweed (Asclepias) leaves in and near cornfields during anthesis. Mean anther densities on milkweed leaves in cornfields during peak anthesis were between 0.06 and 0.1 anther/cm(2) (approximate to 3-5 anthers per leaf). When exposure to a density of five anthers per leaf was tested in field-cage studies, no effects on growth, development, or survival were detected. Based on probability of exposure to toxic densities, Bt anthers alone are not likely to pose a significant risk to monarch butterflies in Iowa. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Anderson, PL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 20 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1115 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800041 ER PT J AU Dively, GP Rose, R Sears, MK Hellmich, RL Stanley-Horn, DE Calvin, DD Russo, JM Anderson, PL AF Dively, GP Rose, R Sears, MK Hellmich, RL Stanley-Horn, DE Calvin, DD Russo, JM Anderson, PL TI Effects on monarch butterfly larvae (Lepidoptera : Danaidae) after continuous exposure to Cry1Ab-expressing corn during anthesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monarch butterfly; Bt corn; chronic effects; risk assessment; nontarget ID DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSGENIC BT CORN; RISK-ASSESSMENT; POLLEN; MEXICO; POPULATIONS; NYMPHALIDAE; PREDATION; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR AB Effects on monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., after continuous exposure of larvae to natural deposits of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt pollen on milkweed, were measured in five studies. First instars were exposed at 3-4 and 6-7 d after initial anthesis, either directly on milkweed plants in commercial cornfields or in the laboratory on leaves collected from milkweeds in corn plots. Pollen exposure levels ranging from 122 to 188 grains/cm(2)/d were similar to within-field levels that monarch butterfly populations might experience in the general population of cornfields. Results indicate that 23.7% fewer larvae exposed to these levels of Bt pollen during anthesis reached the adult stage. A risk assessment procedure used previously was updated with a simulation model estimating the proportion of second-generation monarch butterflies affected. When considered over the entire range of the Corn Belt, which represents only 50% of the breeding population, the risk to monarch butterfly larvae associated with long-term exposure to Bt corn pollen is 0.6% additional mortality. Exposure also prolonged the developmental time of larvae by 1.8 d and reduced the weights of both pupae and adults by 5.5%. The sex ratio and wing length of adults were unaffected. The ecological significance of these sublethal effects is discussed relative to generation mortality and adult performance. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gd7@umail.umd.edu NR 42 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1125 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850YR UT WOS:000223650800042 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Chavez, MC Carrillo-Gonzalez, R Wright, SF Nichols, KA AF Gonzalez-Chavez, MC Carrillo-Gonzalez, R Wright, SF Nichols, KA TI The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in sequestering potentially toxic elements SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE potentially toxic elements; metal-stabilization; bioremediation; fungal cell wall; soil organic matter ID MUCOR-ROUXII; SOIL; COPPER; METALS; TOLERANCE; SORPTION; HYPHAE; BIOSORPTION; STABILITY; MYCELIUM AB Naturally occurring soil organic compounds stabilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Cu, Cd, Pb, and Mn. The hypothesis of this work was that an insoluble glycoprotein, glomalin, produced in copious amounts on hyphac of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) sequesters PTEs. Glomalin can be extracted from laboratory cultures of AMF and from soils. Three different experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 showed that glomalin extracted from two polluted soils contained 1.6-4.3 mg Cu, 0.02-0.08 mg Cd, and 0.62-1.12 mg Pb/g glomalin. Experiment 2 showed that glomalin from hyphae of an isolate of Gigaspora rosea sequestered Lip to 28 mg Cu/g in vitro. Experiment 3 tested in vivo differences in Cu sequestration by Cu-tolerant and non-tolerant isolates of Glomus mosseae colonizing sorghum. Plants were fed with nutrient solution containing 0.5, 10 or 20 muM of Cu. Although no differences between isolates were detected, mean values for the 20 muM Cu level were 1.6, 0.4, and 0.3 mg Cu/g for glomalin extracted from hyphae, from sand after removal of hyphac and from hyphae attached to roots, respectively. Glomalin should be considered for biostabilization leading to remediation of polluted soils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Nat Resources Inst, Colegio Postgrad, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Gonzalez-Chavez, MC (reprint author), Nat Resources Inst, Colegio Postgrad, Carr Mexico Texcoco Km 36-5,Montecillo Edo, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. EM carmeng@colpos.mx NR 34 TC 154 Z9 184 U1 14 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.01.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831YV UT WOS:000222233700003 PM 15182965 ER PT J AU Bengston, DN Webb, TJ Fan, DP AF Bengston, DN Webb, TJ Fan, DP TI Shifting forest value orientations in the United States, 1980-2001: A computer content analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES LA English DT Article DE forest value orientations; anthropocentric; biocentric; moral; spiritual; aesthetic; content analysis ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC-OPINION; ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES; FEDERAL FORESTS; MEDIA; ETHICS; AGENDA; ATTITUDES; NORTHWEST; COVERAGE AB This paper examines three forest value orientations - clusters of interrelated values and basic beliefs about forests - that emerged from an analysis of the public discourse about forest planning, management, and policy in the United States. The value orientations include anthropocentric, biocentric, and moral/ spiritual/aesthetic orientations toward forests. Computer coded content analysis was used to identify shifts in the relative importance of these value orientations over the period 1980 through 2001. The share of expressions of anthropocentric forest value orientations declined over this period, while the share of biocentric value expressions increased. Moral/spiritual/aesthetic value expressions remained constant over time. The observed shifts in forest value orientations have implications for identifying appropriate goals for public forest management and policy, developing socially acceptable means for accomplishing those goals, and dealing with inevitable conflict over forest management. C1 USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Bur Rural Sci Agr Fisheries Forestry, Social Sci Program, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbengston@fs.fed.us NR 96 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU WHITE HORSE PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 10 HIGH ST, KNAPWELL, CAMBRIDGE CB3 8NR, ENGLAND SN 0963-2719 J9 ENVIRON VALUE JI Environ. Values PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 373 EP 392 DI 10.3197/096327104323312734 PG 20 WC Ethics; Environmental Studies SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YA UT WOS:000224379100006 ER PT J AU Freire, R Cheng, HW AF Freire, R Cheng, HW TI Experience-dependent changes in the hippocampus of domestic chicks: a model for spatial memory SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behaviour; chicken; development; memory; plasticity ID STRESS RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN AB In the domestic chicken, providing visual barriers for a brief period early in life has been found to improve spatial memory [R. Freire et al. (2004) Animal Behaviour, 67, 141-150]. In the present study we compared the structure of neurons in the hippocampus and neostriatum in chicks reared with or without visual barriers. From 8 to 16 days of age, chicks were reared in pens either with two wooden screens (Treatment E) or with no screens (Treatment C). At 16 days of age, chicks were anaesthetized, perfused intracardially and brain samples collected and stained using a Golgi-Cox technique. Morphometric analysis revealed that the multipolar projection neurons of Treatment E chicks had longer dendrites (SLD; ANOVA, F-1,F-14 = 7.4, P < 0.05) and had more spines per 20 mum of dendrite (SLD; ANOVA, F-1,F-14 = 10.6, P < 0.01) than those of Treatment C chicks. By contrast, no evidence was found that rearing treatment differentially influences dendrite length or SLD in the neostriatum, suggesting that the above environment-induced changes may be specific to the hippocampus. Multipolar projection neuron dendrites of the right hemisphere were longer (ANOVA, F-1,F-14 = 36.4, P < 0.0001) and had more spines (ANOVA, F-1,F-14 = 8.8, P < 0.05) than dendrites of the left hemisphere, supporting previous findings that the right hemisphere of chickens is predominantly involved in spatial processing. We conclude that the chicken provides a useful model for the study of developmental plasticity in brain and behaviour, partly because the possibility of rearing chicks in isolation and imprinting them on an artificial object provides a means of accurately manipulating early experience. C1 Univ New England, Ctr Neurosci & Anim Behav, Sch Biol Biomed & Mol Sci, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. USDA, Anim Res Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Freire, R (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Neurosci & Anim Behav, Sch Biol Biomed & Mol Sci, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. EM rfreire2@une.edu.au NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1068 DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03545.x PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 845DR UT WOS:000223216600021 PM 15305875 ER PT J AU De La Fuente, L Thomashow, L Weller, D Bajsa, N Quagliotto, L Chernin, L Arias, A AF De La Fuente, L Thomashow, L Weller, D Bajsa, N Quagliotto, L Chernin, L Arias, A TI Pseudomonas fluorescens UP61 isolated from birdsfoot trefoil rhizosphere produces multiple antibiotics and exerts a broad spectrum of biocontrol activity SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; fluorescent pseudomonads; forage legumes; pyoluteorin; pyrrolnitrin ID BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DAMPING-OFF; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING BACTERIA; TAKE-ALL; STRAINS; AGENT; PYOLUTEORIN AB The efficient use of rhizospheric microorganisms to control plant pathogens has been reported worldwide in different plants. Pseudomonas fluorescens UP61 is a biocontrol strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Lotus corniculatus ( birdsfoot trefoil) from Uruguayan soils. This strain exhibited in vitro antagonistic activity against a broad spectrum of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. It was an effective biocontrol agent in different hosts, reducing the disease incidence caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in beans and Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. P. fluorescens UP61 produced three antibiotics possibly involved in its biocontrol activity: 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin. Molecular techniques such as 16S rDNA RFLP, RAPD and rep-PCR, and partial sequence of the phlD gene, revealed the similarity of UP61 with other biocontrol strains isolated worldwide that are able to produce these antibiotics. C1 Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Lab Ecol Microbiana, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. UdelaR, Fac Ciencias, Unidad Asociada Bioquim, Montevideo, Uruguay. ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP De La Fuente, L (reprint author), Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Lab Ecol Microbiana, Av Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. EM delafuen@mail.wsu.edu RI De La Fuente, Leonardo/A-2012-2013 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 110 IS 7 BP 671 EP 681 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 854PJ UT WOS:000223915500003 ER PT J AU Cohen, SD AF Cohen, SD TI Endophytic-host selectivity of Discula umbrinella on Quercus alba and Quercus rubra characterized by infection, pathogenicity and mycelial compatibility SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apiognomonia errabunda; conidiomata; endophyte colonization; perithecia ID TWIGS; FUNGI; HEALTHY; LEAVES AB The fungal endophytic - host relationships of Discula umbrinella and two oak species, Quercus alba and Quercus rubra, were characterized on the basis of endophytic infection, pathogenicity, and mycelial compatibility. Isolates of D. umbrinella were cultured from leaves of Q. alba and Q. rubra collected from a hardwood forest located in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, USA. Endophytic infection was observed on sterile leaf discs and living 2-month-old seedlings of Q. alba and Q. rubra. Fungal-host reciprocal inoculations revealed the presence of conidiomata on both hosts but conidiomata production was more abundant on Q. alba. Isolates from Q. rubra produced milder disease symptoms on both oak species. Mycelial compatibility studies identified seven different MCG groups. MCG groups 1 - 3 contained isolates from both oak species whereas MCG groups 4 - 7 contained host specific isolates. Field studies monitored the seasonal appearance of the sexual fruiting structures, perithecia, as a possible source of new genetic variation that might alter host specificity/pathogenicity of the D. umbrinella isolates on Q. alba and Q. rubra hosts. Only 1 - 2% of the leaves contained perithecia throughout the sampling period ( April - September). Isolates collected from Q. alba differed from those collected from Q. rubra in endophytic infection, pathogenic response, and perithecia production. The results of this study suggest that the endophyte - host relationship is one of host selective preference for Q. alba, but that the endophyte has the ability to maintain the endophytic/pathogenic life cycle on the less preferred host species, Q. rubra. C1 USDA APHIS, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cohen, SD (reprint author), USDA APHIS, N Cent Res Stn, Greenhouse Annex,1561 Lindig Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM susan.d.cohen@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 110 IS 7 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1023/B:EJPP.0000041564.63509.2f PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 854PJ UT WOS:000223915500007 ER PT J AU Martin, S Alioto, D Milne, RG Garnsey, SM Garcia, ML Grau, O Guerri, J Moreno, P AF Martin, S Alioto, D Milne, RG Garnsey, SM Garcia, ML Grau, O Guerri, J Moreno, P TI Detection of Citrus psorosis virus by ELISA, molecular hybridization, RT-PCR and immunosorbent electron microscopy and its association with citrus psorosis disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological indexing; CPsV diagnosis; cross protection; psorosis A; psorosis B; tissue prints ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; COMPARATIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY; COMPLEMENTARY STRAND; NEGATIVE POLARITY; RINGSPOT VIRUS; PARTICLES; CAMPANIA AB Psorosis is a citrus disease of undemonstrated etiology that can be diagnosed by biological indexing on sweet orange seedlings followed by a cross protection test. Its presumed causal agent is Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), type species of the genus Ophiovirus. We compared detection of CPsV by ELISA, RT-PCR, molecular hybridization and immunosorbent electron microscopy, and examined its association with psorosis disease in 11 biologically characterized isolates and in 47 uncharacterized field sources by observation of field symptoms and by biological indexing including the cross protection test. Detection of CPsV by any of the four procedures always coincided with diagnosis of psorosis by cross protection, but it did not always correlate with observation of symptoms thought to be specific, in field trees or in graft-inoculated indicator plants. Trials to detect CPsV by ELISA, molecular hybridization and RT-PCR in citrus sources from different geographical origins, presumed to be psorosis-infected on the basis of field symptoms or reaction of indicator plants, were sometimes unsuccessful, indicating that psorosis symptoms may be induced by causes other than CPsV. C1 Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia 46113, Spain. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Arboricoltura Bot & Patol Vegetale, Naples, Italy. CNR, Inst Virol Vegetale, I-10126 Turin, Italy. Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL USA. USDA, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL USA. Univ Nacl La Plata, Inst Bioquim & Biol Mol, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Moreno, P (reprint author), Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Cra Moncada Naquera Km 4-5, Valencia 46113, Spain. EM pmoreno@ivia.es NR 54 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 110 IS 7 BP 747 EP 757 DI 10.1023/B:EJPP.0000041570.28825.29 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 854PJ UT WOS:000223915500010 ER PT J AU Huang, ZY Bonsall, RF Mavrodi, DV Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Huang, ZY Bonsall, RF Mavrodi, DV Weller, DM Thomashow, LS TI Transformation of Pseudomonas fluorescens with genes for biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid improves biocontrol of rhizoctonia root rot and in situ antibiotic production SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetically modified microorganisms; rhizosphere; Pseudomonas; biological control ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; TAKE-ALL; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; CHROMOSOMAL INSERTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AUREOFACIENS 30-84; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; RHIZOSPHERE AB A seven-gene operon for the synthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was introduced into Pseudomonas fluorescents Q81-1-96, all aggressive root colonizer that produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucitiol and consistently suppresses take-all of wheat. The recombinant strains produced both antifungal metabolites and maintained population sizes comparable to those of Q8r1-96 over a seven-week period in the rhizosphere of wheat. The strains were no more Suppressive of take-all or Pythium root rot than was Q8r1-96, but Suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot at a dose of only 10(2) CFU per seed, one to two orders of magnitude lower than the dose of Q8r1-96 required for comparable disease control. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.010 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 842UX UT WOS:000223031000007 PM 19712418 ER PT J AU Bankhead, SB Landa, BB Lutton, E Weller, DM Gardener, BBM AF Bankhead, SB Landa, BB Lutton, E Weller, DM Gardener, BBM TI Minimal changes in rhizobacterial population structure following root colonization by wild type and transgenic biocontrol strains SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS F113; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; FIELD-GROWN WHEAT; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; TAKE-ALL; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 2-79, Q8r1-96, and a recombinant strain, Z30-97, produce the antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), or both antibiotics, respectively. Rhizosphere colonization by these strains and subsequent alterations of bacterial community structure were assayed over multiple growth cycles of wheat under controlled conditions. While added to soil at just log 4 cells per gram prior to planting, all four strains subsequently colonized germinating wheat roots to levels in excess of log 6.5 cells per g (f.w.). Strain-specific differences in rhizosphere competence were observed, but these were not generally related to the chromosomal insertion of the phz genes. Multiple differences in bacterial community structure were detected among treatments in each cycle; however, the large majority of changes were not consistently related to the abundance of inoculant strains in the rhizosphere nor the genetic make-Up of the inoculant strains. Nonetheless, T-RFLP profiles of amplified 16S eubacterial sequences indicated that, when compared to the untreated samples, inoculation with Z30-97 resulted in several shifts in rhizosphere bacterial community structure previously associated with decreased levels of root disease. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Cordoba, Escuela Tech Super Ingn Agron & Montes, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RP Gardener, BBM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM bbmg+@osu.edu RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009; Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.04.005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 842UX UT WOS:000223031000013 PM 19712423 ER PT J AU Lilleskov, EA Bruns, TD Horton, TR Taylor, DL Grogan, P AF Lilleskov, EA Bruns, TD Horton, TR Taylor, DL Grogan, P TI Detection of forest stand-level spatial structure in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizal fungi; spatial autocorrelation; spatial structure; community structure; mantel test; mantel correlogram; standardized variogram ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PINUS-MURICATA; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; GENETS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BIOMASS; SIZE AB Ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities are highly diverse at the stand level. To begin to understand what might lead to such diversity, and to improve sampling designs, we investigated the spatial Structure of these communities. We used EMF community data from a number of studies carried out in seven mature and one recently fire-initiated forest stand. We applied various measures of spatial pattern to characterize distributions at EMF community and species levels: Mantel tests, Mantel correlograms, variance/mean and standardized variograms. Mantel tests indicated that in four of eight sites community similarity decreased with distance, whereas Mantel correlograms also found spatial autocorrelation in those four plus two additional sites. In all but one of these sites elevated similarity was evident only at relatively small spatial scales (<2.6 m), whereas one exhibited a larger scale pattern (similar to25 m). Evenness of biomass distribution among cores varied widely among taxa. Standardized variograms indicated that most of the dominant taxa showed patchiness at a scale of less than 3 m, with a range from 0 to greater than or equal to17 m. These results have implications for both sampling scale and intensity to achieve maximum efficiency of community sampling. In the systems we examined, cores should be at least 3 in apart to achieve the greatest sampling efficiency for stand-level community analysis. In some cases even this spacing may result in reduced sampling efficiency arising from patterns of spatial autocorrelation. Interpretation of the causes and significance of these patterns requires information on the genetic identity of individuals in the communities. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Lilleskov, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM elilleskov@fs.fed.us OI Horton, Tom/0000-0002-2112-9618; Taylor, Donald/0000-0002-5985-9210 NR 37 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 9 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.04.004 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 842UX UT WOS:000223031000014 PM 19712424 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, CM TI Detection of moniliformin in maize using capillary zone electrophoresis SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE moniliformin; mycotoxin; capillary electrophoresis; detection ID FUSARIUM MYCOTOXIN MONILIFORMIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUJIKUROI CULTURE MATERIAL; BROILER CHICKS; CORN; COMPLEX; TOXIN AB Moniliformin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi pathogenic to maize. It is capable of causing disease in domestic animals, possibly through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Testing for MON commonly involves extraction of maize, isolation of moniliformin using solid-phase extraction columns and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography. A capillary zone electrophoresis-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) method for determination of moniliformin in maize is reported. The extraction and isolation procedures are similar to those of a commonly used HPLC method, while the detection step requires only 10 min. Sixty-three samples of maize were tested by an established HPLC method using absorbance at 229 nm (HPLC-ultraviolet light) and by the CZE-DAD method. The limit of detection of the CZE-DAD method was 0.1 mug MON g(-1) maize compared with 0.05 mug g(-1) for the HPLC-ultraviolet light method. The CZE-DAD method gave good agreement with the HPLC-ultraviolet light method for samples tested at levels up to 1500 mug g(-1), with a linear regression of r(2) = 0.996. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.1080/02652030410001717812 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 848TY UT WOS:000223491800011 PM 15370832 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Legendre, B Tew, T AF Eggleston, G Legendre, B Tew, T TI Indicators of freeze-damaged sugarcane varieties which can predict processing problems SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugarcane cold tolerance; sugarcane freeze deterioration; Leuconostoc bacteria; mannitol; dextran; leucrose; levan; raw sugar manufacture; viscosity; filterability ID LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; MANNITOL; FRUCTOSE; QUALITY AB In raw sugar manufacture, the quality of the sugarcane supply to the factory plays the most important role in production costs. Sugarcane can be very susceptible to damage by freezes, and freeze-deteriorated sugarcane can cause problems in processing which sometimes leads to a factory shut-down. A reliable indicator of whether a certain shipment of sugarcane can be processed economically is still needed. This study was undertaken during the 2002/2003 harvest season to measure the cold-tolerance performance of eight commercial sugarcane varieties, and to establish indicators which can predict processing quality and problems. Varieties studied included CP 70-321, CP 79-318, LHo 83-153, LCP 85-384, HoCP 85-845, HoCP 91-555, HoCP 96-540 a newly released Louisiana variety, and TucCP 77-42, developed in Argentina. Freezing temperatures occurred between January 18-19 and 24-25, 2003. The minimum field temperature recorded was -5.1degreesC on January 25. Freezing conditions prevailed for 10-14 h during each freeze. Serious tissue damage occurred within the stalks of all varieties following the January 24-25 freeze, including freeze cracks. Samples were taken one day before the first freeze (pre-freeze control) on January 17, and subsequently again 12, 18 and 26 days post-freeze. Marked changes for most indicators of freeze-deterioration, for all varieties, were observed, particularly 18 and 26 days post-freeze. and viscosity increased and percentage pol-filterability decreased on freeze-deterioration. Variety TucCP 77-42 had significantly (P < 0.05) the worst cold-tolerance, even after 12 days. Strong polynomial trends or quadratic fits existed between ASI-II dextran and titratable acidity (r(2) = 0.916) and pH (r(2) = -0.883). Deterioration effects became greater than varietal effects at threshold levels of similar to2500 and similar to2800 ppm/Brix dextran for titratable acidity and pH, respectively. Titratable acidity and pH may, therefore, only, be useful in predicting problems caused by severe dextran concentrations. Reactions of Leuconostoc mesenteroides of importance to sugarcane deterioration, including the production of dextran, levan, and alternan polysaccharides are fully described. Mannitol, produced by mannitol dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc, was a slightly better predictor of viscosity (r(2) = 0.838) than both ASI-II (r(2) = 0.802) and Haze (r(2) = 0.814) dextran, because it can indicate all Leuconostoc polysaccharides. In comparison, ethanol (r(2) = 0.676), leucrose (r(2) = 0.711), and pH (r(2) = -0.711) were only moderately correlated with viscosity. Mannitol was also better than dextran at predicting percentage pol-filterability, although substances present in the undeteriorated cane juice and sucrose interfere with this processing parameter. Overall, mannitol was the best predictor of sugarcane deterioration which contributes to Sucrose losses. dextran, viscosity, and to a lesser extent, filterability problems. Model mannitol degradation reactions, simulating industrial conditions, showed that no mannitol degradation occurred, even after 1 h at 99 degreesC, pH 5.4 and high or low Brix, which further supports the use of mannitol to indirectly measure dextran and/or deterioration in the factory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70361 USA. LSU, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, St Gabriel Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.11.004 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820NM UT WOS:000221396500016 ER PT J AU Hoff, JA Klopfenstein, NB McDonald, GI Tonn, JR Kim, MS Zambino, PJ Hessburg, PF Rogers, JD Peever, TL Carris, LM AF Hoff, JA Klopfenstein, NB McDonald, GI Tonn, JR Kim, MS Zambino, PJ Hessburg, PF Rogers, JD Peever, TL Carris, LM TI Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUCORALEAN FUNGI; VARIABILITY; UMBELOPSIS; SEQUENCE; FOREST; MEDIA AB The fungal community inhabiting large woody roots of healthy conifers has not been well documented. To provide more information about such communities, a survey was conducted using increment cores from the woody roots of symptomless Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growing in dry forests on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, USA. Fungal isolates were cultured on standard media, and then were identified using a combination of molecular and morphological methods. Fungal genera and species identified in this study will provide baseline data for future surveys of fungal endophytes. Examination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences and morphology of cultured fungi identified 27 fungal genera. Two groups Predominated: Byssochlamys nivea Westling (20.4% of isolations) and Umbelopsis species (10.4% of isolations). This is the first report of B. nivea within large woody roots of conifers. Both taxa have been previously identified as potential biological control agents. Although some trends were noted, this study found no significant evidence of host species or p ant association effects on total recovery of fungal endophytes or recovery of specific fungal taxa. C1 USDA FS, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA FS, PNW, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), USDA FS, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00367.x PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 843ZI UT WOS:000223126200005 ER PT J AU Fonseca, TF Abreu, CG Parresol, BR AF Fonseca, TF Abreu, CG Parresol, BR TI Soil compaction and chestnut ink disease SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; OAK DECLINE; PATHOGENS AB Chestnut ink disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamorni, a soil-borne pathogen of world-wide distribution, accounts for the majority of disease problems on chestnuts in Portugal, limiting yield in a large number of stands and impeding establishment of trees in new areas. A survey was carried out in 32 chestnut stands in the Padrela Mountains of northern Portugal to investigate the relationship among ink disease occurrence, edaphic factors and management practices. A logistic regression function was employed to analyze the effect of soil attributes and management practices on the stand health status. Results showed that the main factors affecting disease were soil compaction (COMP), soil organic matter level (OM) and manuring practice (MA). A logistic model containing the soil variable COMP and the interaction term OM X MA correctly predicted the stand health status in 94%, or 30, of the 32 stands studied. The logistic function coefficients indicate that the probability of a stand having ink disease increases with increasing soil compaction and increasing soil organic matter content in stands where manuring is the usual practice. C1 Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Dept Florestal, Ctr Estudos Gestao Ecossistemas, P-5001911 Vila Real, Portugal. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. RP Fonseca, TF (reprint author), Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Dept Florestal, Ctr Estudos Gestao Ecossistemas, Apartado 1013, P-5001911 Vila Real, Portugal. EM tfonseca@utad.pt OI Fidalgo Fonseca, Teresa/0000-0001-6269-3605 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00371.x PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 843ZI UT WOS:000223126200006 ER PT J AU Nagubadi, R Zhang, DW Prestemon, JP Wear, DN AF Nagubadi, R Zhang, DW Prestemon, JP Wear, DN TI Softwood lumber products in the United States: Substitutes, complements, or unrelated? SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trade dispute; US-Canada; southern pine; spruce-pine-fir; engineered wood products; translog subcost function ID REDWOOD-NATIONAL-PARK; ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; PRICE ELASTICITIES; CANADIAN LUMBER; EXCHANGE-RATES; TIME-SERIES; IMPORTS; DEMAND; TRADE AB This study addresses an important dimension concerning the softwood lumber trade dispute between United States and Canada-substitutability among imported and domestically produced species. We employ the restricted translog subcost function approach to study this issue based on the monthly data of US softwood products consumption and prices between Jan. 1989 and July 2001. The results show that the spruce-pine-fir lumber species group, mainly imported from Canada, is largely unrelated to domestically produced treated southern yellow pine, Douglas-fir, and other species groups, but is a substitute to untreated southern yellow pine and engineered wood products. Furthermore, untreated southern yellow pine is facing more severe competition from structural panels rather than from the imported Canadian spruce-pine-fir group. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zhangdw@auburn.edu RI Nagubadi, Venkatarao/A-6094-2010 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 416 EP 426 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858NF UT WOS:000224197800002 ER PT J AU Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Valentine, HT AF Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Valentine, HT TI A walkthrough solution to the boundary overlap problem SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest sampling; mirage; reflection; relascope; prism cruising ID BIAS; PLOT AB Existing methods for eliminating bias due to boundary overlap suffer some disadvantages in practical use, including the need to work outside the tract, restrictions on the kinds of boundaries to which they are applicable, and the possibility of significantly increased variance as a price for unbiasedness. We propose a new walkthrough method for reducing boundary overlap bias that diminishes or eliminates the need to work outside the tract and accommodates irregular boundaries easily. Under typical conditions, the walkthrough method eliminates the boundary overlap bias associated with most objects near the border and reduces it for the remaining objects. The walkthrough method is object-centered in conception and implementation, but the measurements required are simple. The walkthrough method complements existing methods for correcting boundary overlap bias and should prove especially helpful when conditions make existing methods difficult or impossible to use. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ducey, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu; jgove@fs.fed.us; hvalentine@fs.fed.us RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858NF UT WOS:000224197800003 ER PT J AU Hof, J Flather, C Baltic, T King, R AF Hof, J Flather, C Baltic, T King, R TI Forest and rangeland ecosystem condition indicators: Identifying national areas of opportunity using data envelopment analysis SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE efficiency; frontier analysis; ecological outputs; environmental impacts; resource interactions ID UNITED-STATES; EFFICIENCY; SCALE; FRAGMENTATION; STRESS AB This article reports the methodology and results of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that attempts to identify areas in the country where there is maximum potential for improving the forest and rangeland condition, based on 12 indicator variables. This analysis differs from previous DEA studies in that the primary variables are measures of human activity and indicators of forest and rangeland condition in place of the traditional economic inputs (costs) and outputs. It also involves a different (ecological) production process than traditional DEA analyses, and a statistical preanalysis is developed and applied to homogenize the large and highly diverse landscape where this ecological production process takes place for the purposes of the DEA. It is concluded that, based on this analysis, there are opportunities to improve the forest and rangeland condition without reducing the amount of human activity, but not over large areas, only for some indicators, and typically not for a large number of indicators in the same place. This means that large-scale improvements in environmental condition across many indicators may often not come about without a reduction in human activity. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 473 EP 494 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858NF UT WOS:000224197800007 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Holmes, TP AF Prestemon, JP Holmes, TP TI Market dynamics and optimal timber salvage after a natural catastrophe SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Hugo; timber salvage; natural disaster; wildfire; welfare ID REDWOOD-NATIONAL-PARK; TROPICAL CYCLONES; STUMPAGE PRICES; FORESTS; CLIMATE; COMMUNITIES; FREQUENCY; INTENSITY; INCREASE; IMPACT AB Forest-based natural catastrophes are regular features of timber production in the United States, especially from hurricanes, fires, and insect and disease outbreaks. These catastrophes affect timber prices and result in economic transfers. We develop a model of timber market dynamics after such a catastrophe that shows how timber salvage affects the welfare of different market groups and quantifies the impacts of salvage on product markets. A theoretical framework is developed that explores how government spending to mitigate economic losses through salvage is related to the costs of intervention. Using empirical price and quantity parameters derived for Hurricane Hugo as an example, we simulate how alternative levels of salvage would have affected southern pine timber prices and economic surplus. Results show that for this large-scale disturbance, the economic surplus generated by salvage averaged $6.25 million for each percentage change in the volume of salvaged timber up to the observed salvage rate (similar to16%). Consumers benefited by an average of $5.4 million for each percent of the damaged timber that was salvaged, producers of salvaged timber benefited by $6.4 million for each percent salvaged, and producers of undamaged timber lost an average of $5.6 million for each percent salvaged. Sawtimber salvage yielded welfare benefits for each cubic meter averaging more than four times those generated by pulpwood. These results therefore have implications for strategic salvage planning following catastrophic damage to forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us; tholmes@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 495 EP 511 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858NF UT WOS:000224197800008 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Vose, JM Swank, WT AF Knoepp, JD Vose, JM Swank, WT TI Long-term soil responses to site preparation burning in the southern appalachians SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed burn; nitrogen; nutrient availability; forest soil chemistry; mixed oak-pine ID PINE-HARDWOOD STANDS; PONDEROSA PINE; WATER-QUALITY; FOREST FLOOR; NITROGEN; FIRE; CAROLINA; STREAMS AB The mixed oak-pine ecosystems in the southern Appalachians are in decline because of a combination of drought and southern pine-beetle infestation. A commonly applied prescription for restoration of these degraded sites has been to fell all vegetation, allow it to dry, and conduct a site-preparation burn. However, there is little information on the mid- and long-term influences of this prescription on nutrient cycling. The fell-and-burn treatment was applied to three mixed oak-pine stands in the Nantahala National Forest in western North Carolina. Each stand had an untreated control area. Our objective was to determine the effects of this treatment on soil nutrient availability and potential nutrient loss. Exchangeable soil cations, pH, total carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) were measured before and periodically for 5 years after treatment. Nitrogen transformations and nutrient availability in soil solution and in a stream draining one site were measured before and periodically for 3 years after burning. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium concentrations, soil pH, and N availability increased after treatment. There was no treatment effect on total soil C or N. Nitrogen mineralization rates were greater on burned versus control plots in 50% of the posttreatment measurements. This treatment increased nutrient availability and, although a significant amount of total site N was lost, there were no adverse effects on total soil nutrients or water quality. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jknoepp@fs.fed.us; wswank@sparc.ecology.uga.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 50 IS 4 BP 540 EP 550 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858NF UT WOS:000224197800012 ER PT J AU Hultine, KR Scott, RL Cable, WL Goodrich, DC Williams, DG AF Hultine, KR Scott, RL Cable, WL Goodrich, DC Williams, DG TI Hydraulic redistribution by a dominant, warm-desert phreatophyte: seasonal patterns and response to precipitation pulses SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic descent; hydraulic lift; root sap flow; Prosopis velutina; soil moisture redistribution ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SOIL-WATER; SAP FLOW; ROOT RESPIRATION; DEEP ROOTS; TREE ROOTS; LIFT; EFFLUX; PLANTS; TRIDENTATA AB 1. Hydraulic redistribution may have important consequences for ecosystem water balance where plant root systems span large gradients in soil water potential. To assess seasonal patterns of hydraulic redistribution, we measured the direction and rate of sap flow in tap-roots, lateral roots and main stems of three mature Prosopis velutina Woot. trees occurring on a floodplain terrace in semiarid south-eastern Arizona, USA. Sap-flow measurements on two of the trees were initiated before the end of the winter dormancy period, prior to leaf flush. 2 Despite the absence of crown transpiration during the dormant season, sap flow was detected in lateral roots and tap-roots of P. velutina. Reverse flow (away from the stem) in the lateral root and positive flow (towards the stem) in the tap-root was observed in one tree, indicating the presence of hydraulic lift. Conversely, reverse flow in the tap-root and positive flow in the lateral root was observed in the second tree, indicating hydraulic descent. 3 Hydraulic descent was induced in the roots of the former tree by wetting the rooting zone in the upper 70 cm of the soil surface with 50 mm of irrigation. 4 Patterns and rates of nocturnal sap flow in roots of a third tree measured during the growing season were similar to those observed during the dormant season. Nocturnal reverse flow in the lateral root and positive flow in the tap-root was observed prior to the onset of the summer monsoon. Hydraulic descent commenced immediately following the first large monsoon rain event, and continued after subsequent rain events. After adjusting for differences in sapwood area, maximum diurnal rates of hydraulic descent in the tap-roots of trees instrumented during the dormant season were 73 and 69% of the maximum night-time rate of hydraulic descent observed during the growing season. 5 Despite very limited potential for direct infiltration, volumetric soil moisture content in deep soil layers (1.5-9.5 m) increased 2-8% by the end of the monsoon (late September), indicating that plant roots were redistributing non-trivial amounts of water to deep soil layers. 6 Roots of P. velutina apparently redistribute significant amounts of soil water during the growing season, but also during periods of crown dormancy in winter. In arid regions dormant-season hydraulic descent may buffer plants from water and nutrient deficits during initial stages of the growing season by transferring soil water derived from winter precipitation to deep soil layers and away from zones of evaporation in surface layers and shallow-rooted herbaceous plants. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hultine, KR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM hultine@biology.utah.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 28 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 530 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00867.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839YT UT WOS:000222821900006 ER PT J AU Biga, PR Cain, KD Hardy, RW Schelling, GT Overturf, K Roberts, SB Goetz, FW Ott, TL AF Biga, PR Cain, KD Hardy, RW Schelling, GT Overturf, K Roberts, SB Goetz, FW Ott, TL TI Growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin 1 and -2 and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; cortisol; myostatin; myosin; trout ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BETA SUPERFAMILY MEMBER; IGF-I-RECEPTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; COHO SALMON; BODY-COMPOSITION AB Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates muscle growth in vertebrates. Salmonids produce two myostatin transcripts from separate genes. Surprisingly, quantitative analyses indicate different regulatory mechanisms for the two myostatin genes in rainbow trout. MSTN1 mRNA levels were elevated 26% following recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) treatment, while MSTN2 mRNA levels were reduced 74% compared to controls. MSTN precursor protein (42 kDa) levels were elevated in rbGH treated fish compared to controls. In addition, circulating cortisol levels were elevated 71% following rbGH treatment compared to controls. In treated and control fish, cortisol levels were elevated 245% at day 0 compared to subsequent days. Treated fish exhibited cortisol levels 207% higher than controls at 0.5 day, and remained at least 50% higher for 7 days following treatment. This pattern of change was positively correlated to MSTN1 mRNA levels. This is the first time a direct relationship has been reported between GH, cortisol, and myostatin. In addition, following rbGH administration, myosin protein concentrations in skeletal muscle samples increased, suggesting that GH regulates expression of the most abundant muscle protein. These results indicate the two myostatin genes are differentially regulated and may possess different functions in rainbow trout muscle, and suggests a possible interaction between GH, cortisol, and muscle growth. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. Marine Biol Lab, Program Sci Aquaculture, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ott, TL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, POB 2330, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM tott@uidaho.edu OI Roberts, Steven/0000-0001-8302-1138 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20-RR15587-01] NR 58 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.05.001 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 839WV UT WOS:000222816500005 PM 15242749 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP AF Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP TI Bovine genomics update: making a cow jump over the moon SO GENETICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFFECTING MILK-PRODUCTION; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DAIRY-CATTLE; OVULATION RATE; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; GRANDDAUGHTER DESIGNS; CARCASS TRAITS; TWINNING RATE; QTL AB Recent research in bovine genetics has focused on characterization of the biological differences underlying phenotypic variation for qualitative and quantitative traits of economic value in existing cattle populations. The much-anticipated benefits of DNA-based tools to routinely guide selection decisions for more efficient genetic gain and widened profit margins have not been fully met since the origin of this premise over two decades ago. However, the impending release of a high-quality draft genome sequence in 2005 should mark a turning point in these efforts. The following discussion summarizes how the bovine genetics research community has positioned itself to fully utilize a genome sequence resource and frames how genome sequence information can not only be applied to better implement marker-assisted selection, but also address rising consumer concerns relative to animal well-being and food safety. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sonstegard, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bdlg 200 Rm 2A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tads@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1017/S0016672304006925 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 872NN UT WOS:000225214000002 PM 15663254 ER PT J AU Carles, CC Lertpiriyapong, K Reville, K Fletcher, JC AF Carles, CC Lertpiriyapong, K Reville, K Fletcher, JC TI The ULTRAPETALA1 gene functions early in Arabidopsis development to restrict shoot apical meristem activity and acts through WUSCHEL to regulate floral meirstem determinacy SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; STEM-CELL FATE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; CLAVATA1; PROTEIN; SEPARATION; IDENTITY; ENCODES; SIZE; CLV3 AB Shoot and floral meristem activity in higher plants is controlled by complex signaling networks consisting of positive and negative regulators. The Arabidopsis ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) gene has been shown to act as a negative regulator of meristem cell accumulation in inflorescence and floral meristems, as loss-of-function ult1 mutations cause inflorescence meristem enlargement, the production of extra flowers and floral organs, and a decrease in floral meristem determinacy. To investigate whether ULT1 functions in known meristem regulatory pathways, we generated double mutants between ult1 alleles and null alleles of the meristem-promoting genes SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and WUSCHEL (WUS). We found that, although the ult1 alleles have no detectable embryonic or vegetative phenotypes, ult1 mutations restored extensive organ-forming capability to stm null mutants after germination and increased leaf and floral organ production in stm partial loss-of-function mutants. Mutations in ULT1 also partially suppressed the wus shoot and floral meristem phenotypes. However, wus was epistatic to ult1 in the center of the flower, and WUS transcriptional repression was delayed in ult1 floral meristems. Our results show that during the majority of the Arabidopsis life cycle, ULT1 acts oppositely to STM and WUS in maintaining meristem activity and functions in a separate genetic pathway. However, ULT1 negatively regulates WUS to establish floral meristem determinacy, acting through the WUS-AG temporal feedback loop. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 31 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 167 IS 4 BP 1893 EP 1903 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.028787 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 851XR UT WOS:000223720300033 PM 15342527 ER PT J AU Magalhaes, JV Garvin, DF Wang, YH Sorrells, ME Klein, PE Schaffert, RE Li, L Kochian, LV AF Magalhaes, JV Garvin, DF Wang, YH Sorrells, ME Klein, PE Schaffert, RE Li, L Kochian, LV TI Comparative mapping of a major aluminum tolerance gene in sorghum and other species in the Poaceae SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; AFFECTING PLANT HEIGHT; ACID SOIL; RESISTANCE GENES; GENOMIC REGIONS; RFLP MARKERS; CEREAL CROPS; LINKAGE MAP; RICE; MAIZE AB In several crop species within the Triticeae tribe of the grass family Poaceae, single major aluminum (Al) tolerance genes have been identified that effectively mitigate Al toxicity, a major abiotic constraint to crop production on acidic soils. However, the trait is quantitatively inherited in species within other tribes, and the possible ancestral relationships between major Al tolerance genes and QTL in the grasses remain unresolved. To help establish these relationships, we conducted a molecular genetic analysis of Al tolerance in sorghum and integrated our findings with those from previous studies performed in crop species belonging to different grass tribes. A single locus, Alt(SB), was found to control Al tolerance in two highly Al tolerant sorghum cultivars. Significant macrosynteny between sorghum and the Triticeae was observed for molecular markers closely linked to putatively orthologous Al tolerance loci present in the group 4 chromosomes of wheat, barley, and rye. However, Alt(SB) was not located within the homeologous region of sorghum but rather mapped near the end of sorghum chromosome 3. Thus, Alt(SB) not only is the first major Al tolerance gene mapped in a grass species that does not belong to the Triticeae, but also appears to be different from the major Al tolerance locus in the Triticeac. Intertribe map comparisons suggest that a major Al tolerance QTL on rice chromosome 1 is likely to be orthologous to Alt(SB), whereas another rice QTL on chromosome 3 is likely to correspond to the Triticeae group 4 Al tolerance locus. Therefore, this Study demonstrates a clear evolutionary link between genes and QTL encoding the same trait in distantly related species within a single plant family. C1 Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genomics & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EMBRAPA, Maize & Sorghum, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 55 TC 63 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 12 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 167 IS 4 BP 1905 EP 1914 DI 10.1534/genetics.103.023580 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 851XR UT WOS:000223720300034 PM 15342528 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Bai, GH Anderson, MP AF Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Bai, GH Anderson, MP TI AFLP analysis of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon genetic variation SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE common bermudagrass; AFLP marker; genetic relatedness ID BERMUDAGRASS CYNODON; DIVERSITY; SPP.; GRAMINEAE; ORIGIN AB Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon (common bermudagrass) is geographically widely distributed between about lat 45degreesN and lat 45degreesS, penetrating to about lat 53degreesN in Europe. The extensive variation of morphological and adaptive characteristics of the taxon is substantially documented, but information is lacking on DNA molecular variation in geographically disparate forms. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess molecular genetic variation and genetic relatedness among 28 C. dactylon var. dactylon accessions originating from 11 countries on 4 continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe). A fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA profiling method was used to detect the genetic diversity and relatedness. On the basis of 443 polymorphic AFLP fragments from 8 primer combinations, the accessions were grouped into clusters and subclusters associating with their geographic origins. Genetic similarity coefficients (SC) for the 28 accessions ranged from 0.53 to 0.98. Accessions originating from Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe formed major groupings as indicated by cluster and principal coordinate analysis. Accessions from Australia and Asia, though separately clustered, were relatively closely related and most distantly related to accessions of European origin. African accessions formed two distant clusters and had the greatest variation in genetic relatedness relative to accessions from other geographic regions. Sampling the full extent of genetic variation in C. dactylon var. dactylon would require extensive germplasm collection in the major geographic regions of its distributional range. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yanqi@okstate.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1139/G04-032 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 851XM UT WOS:000223719800008 PM 15284873 ER PT J AU Pagel, J Walling, JG Young, ND Shoemaker, RC Jackson, SA AF Pagel, J Walling, JG Young, ND Shoemaker, RC Jackson, SA TI Segmental duplications within the Glycine max genome revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization of bacterial artificial chromosomes SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE soybean; genome evolution; FISH; chromosomes; physical mapping ID PRIMARY TRISOMICS; SSR MARKERS; PACHYTENE; DNA; ARABIDOPSIS; ORIGIN; FISH; SOJA AB Soybean (Glycine max L. Meff.) is presumed to be an ancient polyploid based on chromosome number and multiple RFLP fragments in genetic mapping. Direct cytogenetic observation of duplicated regions within the soybean genome has not heretofore been reported. Employing flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of genetically anchored bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) in soybean, we were able to observe that the distal ends of molecular linkage group E had duplicated regions on linkage groups A2 and B2. Further, using fiber-FISH, it was possible to measure the molecular size and organization of one of the duplicated regions. As FISH did not require repetitive DNA for blocking fluorescence signals, we assume that the 200-kb genome region is relatively low in repetitive sequences. This observation, along with the observation that the BACs are located in distal euchromatin regions, has implications for genome structure/evolution and the approach used to sequence the soybean genome. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jackson, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sjackson@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 764 EP 768 DI 10.1139/G04-025 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 851XM UT WOS:000223719800017 PM 15284882 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Finney, VL Oster, KJ Ritchie, CA AF Ritchie, JC Finney, VL Oster, KJ Ritchie, CA TI Sediment deposition in the flood plain of Stemple Creek Watershed, northern California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flood plain; deposition; erosion; (137)Cesium; California ID OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; SOIL REDISTRIBUTION; FALLOUT CESIUM-137; EROSION; RATES; YORKSHIRE; MODELS; CS-137; OUSE; UK AB Over the past 150 years, major land use changes have occurred in the Stemple Creek Watershed in northern California that have caused erosion to move soils from the upland to the flood plain, stream channels, and the bay. The purpose of this study is to document the recent (1954 to present) sediment deposition patterns in the flood plain area adjacent to Stemple Creek using the 137 Cesium technique. Sediment deposition ranged from 0.26 to 1.84 cm year(-1) for the period from 1964 to 2002 with an average of 0.85 +/- 0.41 cm year(-1). Sediment deposition rates were higher for the 1954 to 1964 period with a range of 0.31 - 3.50 cm year(-1) and an average of 1.29 +/- 1.04 cm year(-1). These data indicate that sediment deposition in the flood plain has decreased since the middle 1950s, probably related to reduction in row crop agriculture and an increase in pasturelands. This study shows that the flood plains in the Stemple Creek Watershed are a significant sink for the soils being eroded from the upland area. Given the significance of the flood plain for trapping eroded materials before they reach the stream channels or the bay, efforts need to be made to manage these flood plain areas to insure that they do not change and become a source rather than a sink for eroded materials as improved management practices on the upland areas reduce sediment input to the flood plain. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NRCS, USDA, Calif State Off, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NRCS, USDA, Templeton Serv Ctr, Templeton, CA 93465 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.01.009 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 844NN UT WOS:000223165300009 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM AF Maier, CA Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Dougherty, PM TI Respiratory carbon use and carbon storage in mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations: the effect of site resources on the stand carbon balance SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon budget; ecosystem respiration; gross primary productivity; growth respiration; maintenance respiration; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity; pine plantation; Pinus taeda L.; soil CO2 evolution ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; FINE-ROOT RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL CARBON; DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS AB We used estimates of autotrophic respiration (R-A), net primary productivity (NPP) and soil CO2 evolution (S-ff), to develop component carbon budgets for 12-year-old loblolly pine plantations during the fifth year of a fertilization and irrigation experiment. Annual carbon use in R-A was 7.5, 9.0, 15.0, and 15.1 Mg C ha(-1) in control (C), irrigated (I), fertilized (F) and irrigated and fertilized (IF) treatments, respectively. Foliage, fine root and perennial woody tissue (stem, branch, coarse and taproot) respiration accounted for, respectively, 37%, 24%, and 39% of R-A in C and I treatments and 38%, 12% and 50% of R-A in F and IF treatments. Annual gross primary production (GPP=NPP+R-A) ranged from 13.1 to 26.6 Mg C ha(-1). The I, F, and IF treatments resulted in a 21, 94, and 103% increase in GPP, respectively, compared to the C treatment. Despite large treatment differences in NPP, R-A, and carbon allocation, carbon use efficiency (CUE=NPP/GPP) averaged 0.42 and was unaffected by manipulating site resources. Ecosystem respiration (R-E), the sum of S-ff, and above ground R-A, ranged from 12.8 to 20.2 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). S-ff contributed the largest proportion of R-E, but the relative importance of S-ff decreased from 0.63 in C treatments to 0.47 in IF treatments because of increased aboveground R-A. Aboveground woody tissue R-A was 15% of R-E in C and I treatments compared to 25% of R-E in F and IF treatments. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP=GPP-R-E) was roughly 0 in the C and I treatments and 6.4 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) in F and IF treatments, indicating that non-fertilized treatments were neither a source nor a sink for atmospheric carbon while fertilized treatments were carbon sinks. In these young stands, NEP is tightly linked to NPP; increased ecosystem carbon storage results mainly from an increase in foliage and perennial woody biomass. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. MeadWestvaco Inc, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cmaier@fs.fed.us NR 113 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1350 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00809.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840OU UT WOS:000222869600009 ER PT J AU Lester, GE AF Lester, GE TI Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 923 EP 923 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700004 ER PT J AU Hodges, DM Lester, GE Munro, KD Toivonen, PMA AF Hodges, DM Lester, GE Munro, KD Toivonen, PMA TI Oxidative stress: Importance for postharvest quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxidative Stress - Postharvest Fruits and Vegetables CY OCT 06, 2003 CL Providence, RI ID CARNATIONS DIANTHUS-CARYOPHYLLUS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITIES; FRESH-CUT SPINACH; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; CHILLING INJURY; APPLE FRUIT; SENESCENCE RATES C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Horticulture Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V2A 8A6, Canada. RP Hodges, DM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Horticulture Res Ctr, 32 Main St, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. EM HodgesM@agr.gc.ca OI Toivonen, Peter/0000-0001-8844-7445 NR 99 TC 115 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 924 EP 929 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700005 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD AF Whitaker, BD TI Oxidative stress and superficial scald of apple fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oxidative Stress - Postharvest Fruits and Vegetables CY OCT 06, 2003 CL Providence, RI ID ALPHA-FARNESENE SYNTHESIS; GRANNY-SMITH APPLES; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; PEEL TISSUE; DELICIOUS APPLES; CORTLAND APPLES; ETHYLENE; STORAGE C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM whittkeb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 933 EP 937 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700007 ER PT J AU Lee, J Finn, CE Wrolstad, RE AF Lee, J Finn, CE Wrolstad, RE TI Anthocyanin pigment and total phenolic content of three vaccinium species native to the Pacific Northwest of North America SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ericaceae; huckleberry; total monomeric anthocyanins; total phenolics; fruit breeding; blueberry breeding ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; BLUEBERRY; FRUITS AB The total anthocyanin and total phenolic content of wild (samples from 4 populations) and cultivated (samples from 32 populations) Pacific Northwestern American Vaccinium species (V membranaceum, V ovalifolium, and V deliciosum) were evaluated. The total monomeric anthocyanin content of all huckleberry samples analyzed ranged from 101 to 400 mg/100 g (expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside), and the total phenolics varied from 367 to 1286 mg/100 g (expressed as gallic acid). Cluster analysis separated the samples into four different groups based on their anthocyanin and total phenolic content. Two groups had greater anthocyanin pigment and total phenolics; one consisted entirely of cultivated V ovalifolium (LIG10, VAC485, VAC487, LIG33, LIG9, LIG21, and VAC349) and the other consisted of just cultivated V membranaceum (LIG25). Significant variations in total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and the ratio of the total anthocyanins and total phenolics were observed among the different V membranaceum, V ovalifollum, and V deliciosum populations cultivated in the Willamette Valley, Ore. The profile of the individual anthocyanins of the wild V membranaceum, wild V ovalifolium, and V corymbosum 'Rubel' were conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography. The chromatograms of V membranaceum, V ovalifolium, and 'Rubel' were distinctly different in the amounts of delphinidin, cyanidin, and malvidin glycosides. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Wrolstad, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Ron.Wrolstad@orst.edu RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 959 EP 964 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700013 ER PT J AU Wilson, SB Wilson, PC AF Wilson, SB Wilson, PC TI Growth and development of the native Ruellia caroliniensis and invasive Ruellia tweediana SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE light; temperature; exotic plants; CO2 assimilation; net photosynthetic rate; nutrient use efficiency; germination ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; USE EFFICIENCY; GERMINATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; ALLOCATION; PLANTS; HAWAII; WEEDS AB Invasive species have disrupted thousands of acres of natural areas in Florida and appear to have a physiological competitive advantage over native species. The influence of light and temperature on germination was determined for the invasive Mexican petunia (Ruellia tweediana Griseb.) and native wild petunia (Ruellia caroliniensis Steud.). Seeds were collected and germinated in incubators with light or darkness at 15,24,33 and 30/20degreesC. Light increased germination for each species, except at 15degreesC (R. caroliniensis). For R. caroliniensis, highest germination (86% to 94%) occurred at 33degreesC and 30/20degreesC. Highest germination of R. tweediana (98% to 100%) occurred at 30/20degreesC. Studies also were initiated to determine if R. tweediana has a competitive advantage over the native species when grown under wet and dry substrate conditions. Growth and development measurements after 8 weeks under controlled conditions revealed that R. tweediana grown in wet conditions had the greatest dry weight increase as compared to other treatments. Ruellia caroliniensis had higher specific leaf area when grown in wet or dry conditions, as compared to R. tweediana. Throughout the experiment, net CO2 assimilation of R. caroliniensis grown under dry or wet conditions was consistently lower than that of R. tweediana. Shoot nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies were generally greatest for R. tweediana plants grown in wet conditions. For shoot nutrient content, significant species x moisture interactions occurred for measured phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). When grown in wet conditions, R. tweediana had less shoot P and Ca as compared to dry conditions. For root nutrient content, species x moisture interactions were insignificant for each measured nutrient, with the exception of potassium (K). Potassium use efficiency of R. tweediana roots grown in wet conditions was higher than that of R. tweediana grown in dry conditions and R. caroliniensis grown in wet conditions. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Agr & Life Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wilson, SB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Agr & Life Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM sbwilson@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1019 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700026 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, FA AF Hammerschlag, FA TI In vitro inhibitory activity of antimicrobial peptides cecropin, alpha-thionin DB4, and gamma-thionin RsAFP1 against several pathogens of strawberry and highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Botryosphaeria dothidea; Botrytis; Colletotrichum; Fragaria xananassa; Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi; Phytophthora fragariae; Vaccinium corymbosum; Xathomonas fragariae ID CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; PLANT ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BARLEY-GRAIN; EXPRESSION; GENE; LEAF AB As part of a program to develop transgenic highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne) cultivars with increased levels of disease resistance, we have investigated the feasibility of introducing genes for the antimicrobial peptides cecropin B and MB39, alpha-thionin DB4 (DB4) and gamma-thionin RsAFP1 (RsAFP1) by testing the effects of these peptides on several important pathogens of these two crop species. A thin-layer plate bioassay was conducted with these peptides and the pathogens Botrytis cinerea (Pers.ex. Fr.), Botryosphaeria dothidea (Mouq.ex. Fr.) Ces & de Not., Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.et Sacc., C. fragariae Brooks, Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi Reade (Honey), Phytophthora fragariae Hickman and Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King. The minimum lethal concentration (muM) for cecropin ranged from 0.02 for X. fragariae strains 10 and 128 to 72.8 for C. gloeosporioides isolate Akp1. For DB4, the minimum inhibitory concentration (Pm) ranged from 0.03 for X. fragariae strain 6 to 87.2 for B. cinerea isolate cc. For RsAFP1, the minimum inhibitory concentration (muM) ranged from 0.13 for X. fragariae strain 6 to 61.4 for M. vaccinii-corymbosi isolate 9423-x-45. These results indicate that introducing genes for either cecropin, DB4 or RsAFP1 into strawberry may be useful for c trolling bacterial angular leaf spot disease caused by X. fragariae. C1 ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammerschlag, FA (reprint author), ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammersf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1055 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 836JB UT WOS:000222550700035 ER PT J AU Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Zhu, KY Buschman, LL AF Li, HR Oppert, B Higgins, RA Huang, FN Zhu, KY Buschman, LL TI Comparative analysis of proteinase activities of Bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; cry proteins; European corn borer; Ostrinia nubilalis; trypsin; chymotrypsin; elastase; resistance mechanisms ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL MIDGUT; TOXIN-BINDING AB Proteinase activities were compared in soluble and membrane fractions of guts obtained from larvae of Bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis. Overall, serine proteinases from soluble fractions of the susceptible strain were more active than those of the resistant strain. The soluble trypsin-like proteinase activity of the resistant strain was approximately half that of the susceptible strain. The number and relative molecular masses of soluble and membrane serine proteinases were different. However, there were no significant differences in the activities of serine proteinases and aminopeptidases extracted from midgut membranes of the two strains. Cry1Ab protoxin hydrolysis by soluble proteinase extracts of the resistant strain was reduced approximately 20-30% relative to that of the susceptible strain. Reduced protoxin processing due to decreased activities of Bt protoxin activation proteinases may be associated with resistance to Bt toxin in this resistant strain of O. nubilalis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 59 TC 52 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 845FT UT WOS:000223223400003 PM 15262280 ER PT J AU Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M AF Cohen, MF Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M TI Bioremediation of soils by plant-microbe systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation; bioremediation; phytoremediation; rhizoremediation; biostimulation; bioaugmentation; Azolla; Brassica napus; rapeseed meal; biostabilization; wheat; Azospirillum; Pseudomonas; peroxynitrite; oxalate oxidase; peroxidases; phenoloxidases ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADING BACTERIA; CARBON SOURCE; DIESEL FUEL; OXALIC-ACID; GROWTH; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM AB Sustainable ecosystems can be designed to eliminate environmental toxins and reduce pathogen loads through the direct and indirect consequences of plant and microbial activities. We present an approach to the bioremediation of disturbed environments, focusing on petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminants. Treatment consists of incorporating a plant-based amendment to enhance ecosystem productivity and physiochemical degradation followed by the establishment of plants to serve as oxidizers and foundations for microbial communities. Promising amendments for widespread use are entire plants of the water fern Azolla and seed meal of Brassica napus (rapeseed). An inexpensive byproduct from the manufacture of biodiesel and lubricants, rapeseed meal is high in nitrogen (6% wt/wt), stimulates > 100-fold increases in populations of resident Streptomyces species, and suppresses fungal infection of roots subsequently cultivated in the amended soil. Synergistic enzymatic and chemical activities of plant and microbial metabolism in root zones transform and degrade soil contaminants. Emphasis is given to mechanisms that enable PHC functionalization via reactive molecular species. C1 USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Ryukyus, Ctr Mol Biosci, COMB, Nishihara, Okinawa 90301, Japan. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Yamasaki, Hideo/F-1465-2011 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1543-5075 J9 INT J GREEN ENERGY JI Int. J. Green Energy PD AUG PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1081/IJGE-200033610 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 993SW UT WOS:000233976300002 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Brockett, BH AF Hudak, AT Brockett, BH TI Mapping fire scars in a southern African savannah using Landsat imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MONSOONAL NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; VEGETATION; TRANSFORMATION AB The spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of the Landsat data record make it appropriate for mapping fire scars. Twenty-two annual fire scar maps from 1972-2002 were produced from historical Landsat imagery for a semi-arid savannah landscape on the South Africa-Botswana border, centred over Madikwe Game Reserve (MGR) in South Africa. A principal components transformation (PCT) helped differentiate the spectral signal of fire scars in each image. A simple, nonparametric, supervised classification (parallelepiped) of the PCT data differentiated burned and unburned areas. During most years, fire occurrences and the percentage of area burned annually were lowest in Botswana, highest in MGR, and intermediate in South Africa outside MGR. These fire scar maps are aiding MGR managers, who are endeavouring to restore a more active fire regime following decades of fire exclusion. C1 USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NW Parks & Tourism Board, ZA-0314 Mogwase, South Africa. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us; bbrockett@nwpg.org.za NR 23 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 16 BP 3231 EP 3243 DI 10.1080/01431160310001632666 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 829WV UT WOS:000222082800009 ER PT J AU Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Ostlund, RE Anderson, RA Farrell, PA Evans, WJ AF Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Ostlund, RE Anderson, RA Farrell, PA Evans, WJ TI Resistive training and chromium picolinate: Effects on inositols and liver and kidney functions in older adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE strength training; D-chiro-inositol; pinitol; oral glucose tolerance test; insulin ID INCREASES INSULIN ACTION; D-CHIRO-INOSITOL; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; RESISTANCE; MEN; RATS; METABOLISM; TOXICITY AB This study assessed the effects of resistive training (RT) with or without chromium picolinate (Cr-pic) supplementation on the 24-h urinary excretions of myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and pinitol, as well as clinical indices of kidney and liver functions. Thirty-two nondiabetic subjects, age 62 +/- 4 y, performed RT twice weekly for 12 wk and consumed either 924 mug Cr/d as Cr-pic (n = 17) or a placebo (n = 15). Whole-body strength increased in all subjects by 20% and urinary chromium excretion increased 47-fold in the Cr-pic group. Urinary myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and pinitol were not changed with RT or influenced by Cr-pic. Serum indices of kidney and liver functions were within clinically normal ranges at baseline and the end of the study. These results suggest that RT did not influence the urinary excretions of inositols. High dose Cr-pic did not influence the urinary excretion of inositols and the selected indices of kidney and liver functions in conjunction with RT. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, GRECC, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Reynolds Dept Geriatr, Nutr Metab & Exercise Program, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, GRECC, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Campbell, WW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR10732]; NIA NIH HHS [1R29 AG13409] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 430 EP 442 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 850WE UT WOS:000223644300005 PM 15467101 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Carey, AN AF Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Carey, AN TI Fruit extracts antagonize A beta- or DA-induced deficits in Ca2+ flux in M1-transfected COS-7 cells SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; calcium flux; muscarinic receptors; amyloid beta; fruit extracts ID MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; AMYLOID-BETA; AGING BRAIN AB Evidence suggests that there is a selective sensitivity to oxidative stress (OSS) among muscarinic receptor (MAChR) subtypes with M-1, M-2 and M-4 showing > OSS than M-3 Or M-5 subtypes in transfected COS-7 cells. This may be important in determining the regional specificity in neuronal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). We assessed the effectiveness of blueberry (BB) and other high antioxidant (HA) fruit extracts (boysenberry, BY; cranberry, CB; black currant, BC; strawberry, SB; dried plums. DR, and grape, GR) on the toxic effects of Abeta 25-35 (100 muM, 24 hrs),) and DA (I mM, 4 hrs) on calcium buffering, (Recovery) following oxotremorine (750 muM)-induced depolarization in M(1)AChR-transfected COS-7 cells, and on cell viability:1 following DA (4 hrs) exposure. The extracts showed differential levels of Recovery protection in comparisons to the not-supplemented controls that was dependent upon whether DA or Abeta was used as the pretreatment. Interestingly, assessments of DA-induced decrements in viability revealed that all of the extracts had some protective effects. These findings suggest that the putative toxic effects of Abeta or DA might be reduced by HA fruit extracts. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 67 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 862NS UT WOS:000224498300008 PM 15345811 ER PT J AU Lupton, CJ Freking, BA Leymaster, KA AF Lupton, CJ Freking, BA Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of sheep: III. Wool characteristics of F-1 ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crossbred sheep; ram breeds; wool production; wool characteristics ID SIRE BREEDS; GROWTH AB An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of five sire breeds (Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale), two dam breeds (Composite III [CIII] and northwestern whiteface [WF]), and three shearing seasons (December, February, and April, corresponding to August, October, and December breeding seasons) and their interactions on wool and other characteristics of F-1 ewes. Fleeces were collected and characterized from six 2-yr-old F-1 ewes representing each of the 90 sire breed x dam breed x shearing season x year (three) subclasses. Characteristics measured objectively were grease and clean fleece weights, clean yield, mean fiber diameter and SD, and mean staple length and SD. Visual assessments of fleece color were also made. Data collected on the F-1 ewes were analyzed using a mixed model analysis"of variance procedure. The model included fixed effects of year of birth, sire breed, dam breed, shearing season, six two-way interactions, and the three-way interaction of sire breed x dam breed x shearing season. The random effect of individual sire within year of birth x sire breed was also fitted. Texel- and Montadale-sired ewes produced more clean wool (P < 0.05) (approximately 0.24 kg) than Dorset-, Finnsheep-, and Romanov-sired ewes. Texel-sired ewes produced the coarsest wool (28.7 mum) (P < 0.05), whereas Romanov-sired ewes produced the finest (24.9 mum) and longest (9.12 cm) fleeces (P < 0.05). Ewes from WF dams produced more and finer wool (0.15 kg and 2.7mum) than ewes from CIII dams (P < 0.001). Ewes shorn in December produced more, coarser, and longer wool (P < 0.05) than those shorn in February and April. This trend in wool production is opposite to that in conception rate (reported previously). Romanov-sired ewes produced the lowest percentage of white fleeces (62.6%), whereas Dorset-sired ewes produced the most (P < 0.001) white fleeces (96.3%). Estimates of heritability were calculated for grease and clean fleece weights (0.36), percentage of clean yield (0.31), average fiber diameter and SD (0.86 and 0.42, respectively), and average staple length and SD (0.49 and 0.00, respectively). Although necessary for a thorough evaluation of these 10 types of crossbred ewes, it is estimated that wool income would only constitute a small portion (1 to 5%) of overall income from sheep of this type. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lupton, CJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, 7887 US Highway 87 N, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. EM c-lupton@tamu.edu RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2293 EP 2300 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 841CJ UT WOS:000222906600011 PM 15318727 ER PT J AU Senneke, SL MacNeil, MD Van Vleck, LD AF Senneke, SL MacNeil, MD Van Vleck, LD TI Effects of sire misidentification on estimates of genetic parameters for birth and weaning weights in Hereford cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; genetic correlations; heritability ID BREEDING VALUE; BEEF-CATTLE AB Birth weights (4,155) and weaning weights (3,884) of Line 1 Herefords collected at the Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory in Miles City, MT, between the years of 1935 to 1989 were available. To study the effect of misidentification on estimates of genetic parameters, the sire identification of calf was randomly replaced by the identification of another sire based on the fraction of progeny each sire contributed to a yearly calf crop. Misidentification rates ranged from 5 to 50% with increments of 5%. For each rate of misidentification, 100 replicates were obtained and analyzed with single-trait and two-trait analyses with a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) algorithm. Two different models were used. Both models contained year x sex combinations and ages of dam as fixed effects, calendar birth date as a fixed covariate, and random animal and maternal genetic effects and maternal permanent environment effects. Model 2 also included sire x year combinations as random effects. As the rate of misidentification increased, estimates of the direct-maternal genetic correlation increased for both traits, with both models, for all analyses. With single-trait analyses, estimates of the fraction of variance that were due to sire x year interaction effects increased slightly for birth weight (near zero) and decreased slightly (0.015 to 0.004) for weaning weight as misidentification increased. With two-trait analyses, estimates of fraction of variance that were due to sire x year effects gradually decreased for weaning weight as misidentification increased. With the two-trait analyses, and with both models, as the level of sire misidentification increased, estimates of the genetic correlation between direct effects gradually increased, and estimates of the correlation between maternal effects gradually decreased. Estimates of the direct-maternal genetic correlation were more positive with Model 2 than with Model 1 for all levels of misidentification. Results of this study indicate that misidentification of sires would severely bias estimates of genetic parameters and would reduce genetic gain from selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2307 EP 2312 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 841CJ UT WOS:000222906600013 PM 15318729 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Kidd, MT Cuaron, JA Bryant, KL Parr, TM Maxwell, CV Campbell, JM AF Kerr, BJ Kidd, MT Cuaron, JA Bryant, KL Parr, TM Maxwell, CV Campbell, JM TI Isoleucine requirements and ratios in starting (7 to 11 kg) pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood cells; isoleucine; starting pigs ID AMINO ACID NEEDS; YOUNG PIG; GROWING PIG; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SWINE; FEED AB Two experiments were conducted to refine the Ile needs in 7- to 11-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, 1,680 pigs were fed a 1.25% digestible Lys diet containing 7.5% spray-dried blood cells (as-fed basis) with supplemental crystalline Ile (0.06% increments) to generate seven levels of apparent digestible Ile (0.47 to 0.83%). There were 12 replicates of each treatment with 20 pigs per pen, and treatments were imposed at an initial BW of 7 kg and continued for 16 d. Responses in ADG, ADFI, GY, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were quadratic (P < 0.01) over the 16-d period. Data were fitted to both a single-slope broken line and a quadratic fit, and when the quadratic response curve was superimposed on the broken line, the points at which the quadratic curve first intersected the plateau of the broken line occurred at 0.70, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.65% digestible Ile for ADG, ADFI, GY, and PUN, respectively. Using the ADG and ADFI obtained at this intersection point resulted in an estimate of 9.1 mg of digestible Ile per gram of weight gain. In Exp. 2, 1,840 pigs were fed similarly composed diets, except that digestible Lys was lowered in six diets to 1.10% by decreasing soybean meal. Crystalline Ile was supplemented at 0.09% increments to generate six levels of digestible Ile (0.37 to 0.83%). A seventh diet contained 1.25% digestible Lys by supplementing the 0.83% digestible Ile diet with 0.19% L-Lys.HCl to verify that 1.10% digestible Lys was deficient for these pigs. There were 12 replicates of each treatment with 22 pigs per pen, and treatments imposed at an initial BW of 7 kg and continued for 16 d. Supplementation of Lys to the 0.83% digestible Ile diet (1.10 vs. 1.25% digestible Lys) did not affect ADG (260 vs. 264 g/d, P = 0.60) and ADFI (359 vs. 343 g/d, P = 0.20), whereas GY (725 vs. 774g/kg, P < 0.01) was improved by increasing dietary Lys. Responses in ADG, ADFI, and G:F to the first six diets were quadratic (P < 0.01) over the 16-d period. The points at which the quadratic curve first intersected the plateau of the broken line occurred at 0.686, 0.638, and 0.684% digestible Ile for ADG, ADFI, and GY, respectively. Using the ADG and ADFI obtained at this intersection point results in an estimate of 9.9 mg of digestible Ile per gram of weight gain. These results suggest that although the percent digestible Ile requirement and digestible Ile:Lys ratio for starter (7 to 11 kg) pigs may be higher than 1998 NRC recommendations, the requirement may be lower than current recommendations when taking gain and feed intake into account. C1 USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. INIFAjP, Ctr Nacl Invest Fisiol & Mejoramiento Anim, Queretaro 76020, Mexico. Akey, Lewisburg, OH 45338 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. APC Inc, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, NSRIC-2167, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2333 EP 2342 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 841CJ UT WOS:000222906600017 PM 15318733 ER PT J AU Ahola, JK Baker, DS Burns, PD Mortimer, RG Enns, RM Whittier, JC Geary, TW Engle, TE AF Ahola, JK Baker, DS Burns, PD Mortimer, RG Enns, RM Whittier, JC Geary, TW Engle, TE TI Effect of copper, zinc, and manganese supplementation and source on reproduction, mineral status, and performance in grazing beef cattle over a two-year period SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; performance; reproduction; trace minerals ID LIPID-METABOLISM; FINISHING STEERS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SULFATE; ANIMALS; COBALT; LYSINE; SHEEP; COWS AB Crossbred, multiparous beef cows (n = 178 in Year 1; n = 148 in Year 2) were used to evaluate the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn supplementation and source on reproduction, mineral status, and performance in grazing cattle in eastern Colorado over a 2-yr period. Cows were stratified by expected calving date, age, BW, BCS, and liver mineral status and assigned to the following treatments: 1) control (no supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn); 2) organic (ORG; 50% organic and 50% inorganic Cu, Zn, and Mn); and 3) inorganic (ING; 100% inorganic CuSO4, ZnSO4, and MnSO4). Free-choice mineral feeders were used to provide current NRC-recommended concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn from 82 d (Year 1) and 81 d (Year 2) before the average calving date of the herd through 110 d (Year 1) and 135 d (Year 2) after calving. At the end of Year 1, supplemented cows had greater liver Cu (P < 0.01), Zn (P < 0.05), and Mn (P < 0.01) concentrations compared with controls, whereas liver Cu concentration was greater (P < 0.01) in ORG vs. ING cows. At the end of Year 2, supplemented cows had greater (P < 0.01) liver Cu concentrations relative to controls, whereas control cows had greater (P < 0.02) liver Mn concentration than did supplemented cows. In Year 1, pregnancy rate to AI in control cows did not differ (P = 0.47) from supplemented cows, but there was a trend (P < 0.08) for pregnancy rate to be higher for ORG than ING cows. In Year 2, supplemented cows had a higher (P < 0.02) pregnancy rate to AI than controls. In both years, when cows were inseminated after an observed estrus, supplemented cows had a higher (P < 0.04) pregnancy rate than did controls. Also, for both years, overall 60-d pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.10) to be higher for supplemented cows than for controls. In Year 1, kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed was greater (P < 0.02) in controls than in supplemented cows, and kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed was greater (P < 0.01) in ING than ORG treatments. However, in Year 2, kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed was greater (P < 0.02) in controls than in supplemented cows, and tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in ORG than ING treatments. Results indicate that supplementation and source of trace minerals affected mineral status and kilograms of calf weaned per cow exposed in grazing beef cows. Supplementation also improved pregnancy rate to Al compared with cows not supplemented with Cu, Zn, or Mn for more than 1 yr. Furthermore, mineral source may influence pregnancy rate to Al. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Engle, TE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 208A Anim Sci Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM engle@lamar.colostate.edu NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2375 EP 2383 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 841CJ UT WOS:000222906600021 PM 15318737 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Kidd, MT Cuaron, JA Bryant, KL Parr, TM Maxwell, CV Weaver, E AF Kerr, BJ Kidd, MT Cuaron, JA Bryant, KL Parr, TM Maxwell, CV Weaver, E TI Utilization of spray-dried blood cells and crystalline isoleucine in nursery pig diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood cells; isoleucine; nursery pigs ID AMINO-ACID-REQUIREMENTS; GROWING-PIGS; KG PIGS; MEAL; LEUCINE; LYSINE; INTERRELATIONSHIP; AVAILABILITY; METHIONINE; NITROGEN AB Three experiments were conducted to evaluate spray-dried blood cells (SDBC) and crystalline isoleucine in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were used to evaluate 0, 2, 4, and 6% SDBC (as-fed basis) in a sorghum-based diet. There were six replicates of each treatment and five pigs per pen, with treatments imposed at an initial BW of 9.3 kg and continued for 16 d. Increasing SDBC from 0 to 4% had no effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Pigs fed the 6% SDBC diet had decreased ADG (P < 0.01) and GY (P = 0.06) compared with pigs fed diets containing 0, 2, or 4% SDBC. In Exp. 2, 936 pigs were used to test diets containing 2.5 or 5% SDBC (as-fed basis) vs. two control diets. There were six replicates of each treatment at industry (20 pigs per pen) and university (six pigs per pen) locations. Treatments were imposed at an initial BW of 5.9 and 8.1 kg at the industry and the university locations, respectively, and continued for 16 d. Little effect on pig performance was noted by supplementing 2.5% SDBC, with or without crystalline Ile, in nursery diets. Pigs fed the 5% SDBC diet without crystalline Ile had decreased ADG (P less than or equal to 0.01), ADFI (P less than or equal to 0.10), and GY (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the control diets. Supplementation of Ile restored ADG, ADFI, and GY to levels that were not different from that of pigs fed the control diets. In Exp. 3, 1,050 pigs were used to test diets containing 5, 7.5, or 9% SDBC (as-fed basis) vs. a control diet. There were six replicates of each treatment at the industry (20 pigs per pen) location and five replicates at the university (six pigs per pen) locations. Treatments were imposed at an initial BW of 6.3 and 7.0 kg at the industry and university locations, respectively, and continued for 16 d. Supplementation of 5% SDBC without crystalline Ile decreased ADG and GY (P < 0.01) compared with pigs fed the control diet, but addition of Ile increased ADG (P < 0.01) to a level not different from that of pigs fed the control diet. The decreased ADG, ADFI, and GY noted in pigs fed the 7.5% SDBC diet was improved by addition of Ile (P < 0.01), such that ADG and ADFI did not differ from those of pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing 9.5% SDBC exhibited decreased ADG, ADFI, and GY (P < 0.01), all of which were improved by Ile addition (P < 0.01); however, ADG (P < 0.05) and GY (P = 0.09) remained lower than for pigs fed the control diet. These data indicate that SDBC can be supplemented at relatively high levels to nursery diets, provided that Ile requirements are met. C1 USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. INIFAP, Ctr Nacl Invest Fisiol & Mejoramiento Anim, Queretaro 76020, Mexico. Akey, Lewisburg, OH 45338 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Proliant Inc, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, MWA, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, NSRIC 2167, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2397 EP 2404 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 841CJ UT WOS:000222906600024 PM 15318740 ER PT J AU Krueger-Mangold, J Sheley, R Engel, R Jacobsen, J Svejcar, T Zabinski, C AF Krueger-Mangold, J Sheley, R Engel, R Jacobsen, J Svejcar, T Zabinski, C TI Identification of the limiting resource within a semi-arid plant association SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Festuca idahoensis; Ayropyron spicatum; mechanistic competition model; nitrogen; plant resources ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; COMPETITION; NUTRIENT; COMMUNITY; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; WATER; FERTILIZATION AB Our objective was to determine the resource most limiting to plant growth within a semi-arid plant association. We hypothesized that the addition of nitrogen (N) would elicit an increase in biomass more than additions of water, light, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), or sulfur (S). Treatments included the addition of water, N, P, K, or S, or reduction of ambient light on two sites in southwestern Montana within the Festuca idahoensis/Ayropyron spicatum plant association. Nitrogen was the only treatment that increased plant community biomass, specifically native grass biomass (about 50%, greater than the control). The addition of water decreased above-ground plant community biomass. Our results suggest that N is the primary limiting resource for the dominant functional group within the F. idahoensis/A. spicatum plant association. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Krueger-Mangold, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jkrueger@montana.edu NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.11.002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833SA UT WOS:000222358000004 ER PT J AU Hupy, CM Whitford, WG Jackson, EC AF Hupy, CM Whitford, WG Jackson, EC TI The effect of dominance by an alien grass species, Lehmann lovegrass, Eragrostis lehmanniana, on faunalpedoturbation patterns in North American Desert grasslands SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE faunalpedoturbation; Lehmann lovegrass; alien species; Desert grassland ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BIOPEDTURBATION; INDICATORS; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA AB We examined the effects of an alien species, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), on the semi-arid grassland ecosystems of the south-western United States. In order to evaluate these effects, we examined soil disturbance by animals in areas dominated by Lehmann lovegrass in comparison with areas dominated by native grasses. We measured amounts and types of faunalpedoturbation at paired plots in two different study areas, the Jornada basin in New Mexico and the Santa Rita Experimental Range in south-eastern Arizona. Area of soil disturbed and volume of soil turnover was significantly decreased on plots dominated by Lehmann lovegrass, at the Santa Rita Experimental Range but not on plots in the Jornada basin. At the Santa Rita, ground squirrels and attine ant activity was reduced the most of any other species in Lehmann lovegrass dominated pastures. Differences in the diversity of disturbances were inconsistent at both study areas indicating variable responses by taxa to dominance by an alien grass species. Variations among, within, and between study areas were attributed to site history as well as geographic and topographic position. The degree to which Lehmann lovegrass affects faunalpedoturbation appears to be related to the history of the site, specifically the time since the establishment of Lehmann lovegrass. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Hupy, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 407 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kulaschr@msu.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.004 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833SA UT WOS:000222358000005 ER PT J AU Ward, TJ Gorski, L Borucki, MK Mandrell, RE Hutchins, J Pupedis, K AF Ward, TJ Gorski, L Borucki, MK Mandrell, RE Hutchins, J Pupedis, K TI Intraspecific phylogeny and lineage group identification based on the prfA virulence gene cluster of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE; FOOD; PCR; SEROVARS; STRAINS; CLONES; ASSAY AB Listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. In order to test hypotheses regarding L. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfA virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 L. monocytogenes isolates. The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. In addition, a PCR-based test for lineage identification was developed and used in a survey of food products demonstrating that the low frequency of association between lineage 3 isolates and human listeriosis cases likely reflects rarity of exposure and not reduced virulence for humans as has been previously suggested. However, prevalence data do suggest lineage 3 isolates may be better adapted to the animal production environment than the food-processing environment. Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage I has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Microbial Outbreaks & Special Projects Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 132 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 186 IS 15 BP 4994 EP 5002 DI 10.1128/jb.186.15.4994-5002.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 840RJ UT WOS:000222876700025 PM 15262937 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, MK Stevens, ED TI The (-)-gossypol-2,4-pentanedione (1 : 2) inclusion complex SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE clathrate; gossypol; H-clathrate; inclusion compound; solvate; X-ray structure ID ENANTIOMERIC GOSSYPOL; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM; CLATHRATE; CANCER AB (-)-Gossypol and 2,4-pentanedione form an inclusion complex in a one-to-two molar ratio. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal P4(1)2(1)2 space group and has unit cell dimensions of a = b = 10.9966(7) Angstrom and c = 60.213(4) Angstrom. Both solvent molecules are in the enol form and occupy two distinct cavities within the structure. The first cavity is formed between pairs of gossypol naphthalene rings and contains a pair of symmetry-related solvent molecules that each accept a hydrogen bond from one of the surrounding gossypol molecules. The four molecules together form a wedge-shaped assembly that is repeated throughout the cell. The assemblies stack to form columns, and adjacent columns are aligned parallel to form layers. Neighboring layers are oriented at 90degrees angles, which accounts for the fourfold symmetry of the space group. The second solvent cavity is located in isolated pockets that form between the layers. These solvent molecules also accept hydrogen bonds from the surrounding gossypol molecules. Although many gossypol solvates have been reported, this structure is unusual in a number of features. It is the first report of a chiral non-conglomerate gossypol solvate. It is also the only known chiral gossypol inclusion complex to not lose appreciable amounts of solvent when removed from its mother liquor. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1023/B:JOCC.0000042026.45650.c5 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 854PT UT WOS:000223916500012 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Polavarapu, S AF Zhang, AJ Polavarapu, S TI Identification of a sex pheromone component for the blueberry leafminer, Caloptilia porphyretica SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blueberry leafminer; Caloptilia porphyretica; sex pheromone; (E)-11-hexadecenal; gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection; microreactions; population monitoring; field trapping ID CAMERARIA-OHRIDELLA; ORIENTAL BEETLE; LEPIDOPTERA; GRACILLARIIDAE; SCARABAEIDAE; ATTRACTANTS; COLEOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; MOTH; RESPONSES AB Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) of both gland extracts and effluvial collections from female blueberry leafminer, Caloptilia porphyretica Braun (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), showed that females produced a single EAD-active compound. The amount of the compound collected from virgin female C. porphyretica was below GC and mass spectrometry ( MS) detection thresholds, even with highly concentrated gland extracts (similar to150 female equivalent). (E)-11-Hexadecenal (E11-16:Ald) was determined to be a sex pheromone component mainly by comparison of retention times with authentic standards on both polar and nonpolar capillary columns, microreaction-GC-EAD analyses, and field trapping tests. GC-EAD experiments showed that synthetic E11-16: Ald exhibited extraordinarily high electrophysiological activity, stimulating significant male antennal responses at as low as 10 fg. Traps baited with E11-16:Ald alone were attractive to males. Addition of 1 or 3% of its geometric isomer, Z11-16:Ald, to E11-16:Ald did not significantly increase trap captures, but an inhibitory effect was observed at the 10% level. The influence of two kinds of rubber septa on attraction was also evaluated. Male moth captures were higher in traps baited with red rubber septa than with gray rubber septa at 30-300-mug doses. Monitoring of adult flight activity with 3-mug doses of E11-16:Ald indicated at least three distinct flight periods throughout the 2003 season. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.go NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1545 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042066.77560.59 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855NB UT WOS:000223979100004 PM 15537157 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Rodriguez-Saona, C Byers, JA Shope, KL Smith, JP AF Blackmer, JL Rodriguez-Saona, C Byers, JA Shope, KL Smith, JP TI Behavioral response of Lygus hesperus to conspecifics and headspace volatiles of alfalfa in a Y-tube olfactometer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Miridae; western tarnished plant bug; Y-tube olfactometer; alfalfa; host location; herbivore-induced volatiles ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; LINEOLARIS HEMIPTERA; COTTON; MIRIDAE; HETEROPTERA; EMISSIONS; INSECT; ABSCISSION; CHEMICALS; SALIVARY AB The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, feeds and develops on a variety of weeds in the spring, with later generations moving to alfalfa and cotton where severe damage to reproductive structures can occur. A synthetic attractant for monitoring or mass-trapping L. hesperus, or the identification of potential attractants for natural enemies, would be useful tools for integrated pest management programs. Studies investigated the response of naive and experienced fifth-instar and adult L. hesperus to odors associated with con-specifics and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Fifth-instar L. hesperus responded to all plant/insect combinations, whereas female L. hesperus only responded preferentially to vegetative and flowering alfalfa where conspecifics had fed for 24-72 hr, and to vegetative alfalfa where conspecifics were added approximately 30 min before the test began. Males were not attracted to headspace volatiles from any of the alfalfa treatments. Analysis of headspace volatiles showed that (E)-2-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, alpha-pinene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, limonene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (E, E)-alpha-farnesene are emitted from both vegetative and flowering alfalfa. Indole and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected in flowering alfalfa. Damage to alfalfa by L. hesperus increased emissions of (Z)-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, and (E, E)-alpha-farnesene, while beta-pinene, myrcene, methyl salicylate, and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected from damaged plants. Thus, individual or mixtures of these alfalfa volatiles may be useful as attractants for capturing nymphs and adult females of L. hesperus in the field. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1547 EP 1564 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042067.27698.30 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855NB UT WOS:000223979100005 PM 15537158 ER PT J AU Reeve, JD Strom, BL AF Reeve, JD Strom, BL TI Statistical problems encountered in trapping studies of scolytids and associated insects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scolytidae; multiple comparisons; experimentwise error rate; blank treatment; homogeneity of variances; semiochemical; pheromone ID MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES; IPS-PINI; CLERIDAE; ECOLOGY AB Traps baited with semiochemicals are often used to investigate the chemical ecology of scolytids and associated insects. One statistical problem frequently encountered in these studies are treatments that catch no insects and, thus, have zero mean and variance, such as blank or control traps. A second problem is the use of multiple comparison procedures that do not control the experiment wise error rate. We conducted a literature survey to determine the frequency of these two statistical problems in Journal of Chemical Ecology for 1990-2002. Simulations were then used to examine the effects of these problems on the validity of multiple comparison procedures. Our results indicate that both statistical problems are common in the literature, and when combined can significantly inflate both the experimentwise and per comparison error rate for multiple comparison procedures. A possible solution to this problem is presented that involves confidence intervals for the treatment means. Options to increase the statistical power of trapping studies are also discussed. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Reeve, JD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jreeve@zoology.siu.edu NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1575 EP 1590 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042069.17533.3c PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855NB UT WOS:000223979100007 PM 15537160 ER PT J AU Cordero, D Marcucio, R Hu, D Gaffield, W Tapadia, M Helms, JA AF Cordero, D Marcucio, R Hu, D Gaffield, W Tapadia, M Helms, JA TI Temporal perturbations in sonic hedgehog signaling elicit the spectrum of holoprosencephaly phenotypes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM DURAND; NEURAL CREST; CELL-DEATH; TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; IN-VIVO; CYCLOPAMINE; MUTATIONS; GENE; EXPRESSION AB One of the most perplexing questions in clinical genetics is why patients with identical gene mutations oftentimes exhibit radically different clinical features. This inconsistency between genotype and phenotype is illustrated in the malformation spectrum of holoprosencephaly (HPE). Family members carrying identical mutations in sonic hedgehog (SHH) can exhibit a variety of facial features ranging from cyclopia to subtle midline asymmetries. Such intrafamilial variability may arise from environmental factors acting in conjunction with gene mutations that collectively reduce SHH activity below a critical threshold. We undertook a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that modifying the activity of the SHH signaling pathway at discrete periods of embryonic development could account for the phenotypic spectrum of HPE. Exposing avian embryos to cyclopamine during critical periods of craniofacial development recreated a continuum of HPE-related defects. The craniofacial malformations included hypotelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, and facial clefting and were not the result of excessive crest cell apoptosis. Rather, they resulted from molecular reprogramming of an organizing center whose activity controls outgrowth and patterning of the mid and upper face. Collectively, these data reveal one mechanism by which the variable expressivity of a disorder such as HPE can be produced through temporal disruption of a single molecular pathway. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Helms, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 257 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jhelms@stanford.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 12462, DE 00432, R01 DE024000, DE 13017, R01 DE012462, R29 DE012462] NR 66 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 114 IS 4 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.1172/JCI200419596 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 846AR UT WOS:000223287500008 PM 15314685 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB AF Jackson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Barrett, JB TI Use of a genus- and species-specific multiplex PCR for identification of enterococci SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LACTOCOCCUS; LEVEL; STRAINS; SYSTEM; TARGET; VITEK; WATER AB The 16S rRNA gene has previously been used to develop genus-specific PCR primers for identification of enterococci. In addition, the superoxide dismutase gene (sod4) has been identified as a potential target for species differentiation of enterococci. In this study, Enterococcus genus-specific primers developed by Deasy et al. (E1/E2) were incorporated with species-specific primers based upon the superoxide dismutase (sod4) gene for development of a multiplex PCR. This assay provides simultaneous genus and species identification of 23 species of enterococci using seven different reaction mixtures. Accuracy of identification of the multiplex PCR was determined by comparisons to standard biochemical testing, the BBL Crystal kit, VITEK and API Rapid ID 32 Strep. Isolates from swine feces, poultry carcasses, environmental sources, and retail food were evaluated and, overall, results for 90% of the isolates tested by PCR agreed with results obtained using standard biochemical testing and VITEK. Eighty-five percent and 82% of PCR results agreed with results from the API Rapid ID 32 Strep and BBL Crystal tests, respectively. With the exception of concurrence between identification using standard biochemical testing and VITEK (85%) and between BBL Crystal and VITEK (83%), the percent agreement for PCR was higher than or equal to any other pairwise comparison. Multiplex PCR for genus and species determination of enterococci provides an improved, rapid method for identification of this group of bacteria. C1 Agr Res Serv, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM cjackson@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 193 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3558 EP 3565 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3558-3565.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500026 PM 15297497 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Hare, WR Hope, JC AF Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Hare, WR Hope, JC TI Characterization of the bovine innate immune response to intramammary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mastitis; innate immunity ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING-PROTEIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOLUBLE CD14; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; SEPTIC SHOCK AB Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for almost one-half of the clinical cases of mastitis that occur annually. Of those gram-negative bacteria that induce mastitis, Klebsiella pneumoniae remains one of the most prevalent. Detection of infectious pathogens and the induction of a proinflammatory response are critical components of host innate immunity. The objective of the current study was to characterize several elements of the bovine innate immune response to intramammary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The inflammatory cytokine response and changes in the levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)binding protein (LBP), 2 proteins that contribute to host recognition of gram-negative bacteria, were studied. The contralateral quarters of 7 late-lactating Holstein cows were challenged with either saline or K. pneumoniae, and milk and blood samples were collected. Initial increases in the chemoattractants C5a and IL-8, as well as TNF-alpha, were evident in infected quarters within 16 h of challenge and were temporally coincident with increases in milk somatic cells. Augmented levels of TNF-alpha and IL-8 were observed in infected quarters until > 48 h postchallenge, respectively. Elevated levels of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10, which were first detected between 12 and 20 h postinfection, persisted in infected quarters throughout the study (> 96 h). Initial increases in milk LBP and sCD14 were detected 16 and 20 h, respectively, after challenge. Together, these data demonstrate that intramammary infection with K. pneumoniae elicits a host response characterized by the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and elevation of accessory molecules involved in LPS recognition. C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Vet Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Hope, Jayne/C-7752-2013 OI Hope, Jayne/0000-0001-6573-6172 NR 60 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2420 EP 2432 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 839NN UT WOS:000222791900012 PM 15328264 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD TI Stability of genetic evaluations for active artificial insemination bulls SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bull evaluation; evaluation stability; artificial; insemination; genetics ID VARIANCE AB Genetic evaluations for milk, fat, and protein from 1995 through August 2003 for 17,987 Holstein bulls in active artificial insemination (AI) service were examined for changes to the November 2003 evaluation. Evaluations for active AI bulls at each of 31 evaluation dates showed mean declines to November 2003. No evidence was seen of a worsening situation over time. Bulls' early evaluations with active AI status showed much larger declines, but this overevaluation diminished and essentially disappeared after 3 yr. The bulls with first active AI evaluations since 1995 were the primary focus of the study. The influx of second-crop daughters did not appear to cause a decline in evaluations for these bulls, attesting to the successful modification to the genetic evaluation system by expanding the genetic variance of short records. Mean declines and the variation of those differences were generally similar by bull sampling organization. A change from active to inactive AI status was generally concurrent with a decline in predicted transmitting ability ( PTA). Bulls coded as having standard AI sampling declined less than bulls coded as having other sampling, but the differences were much less than in previous reports. Larger increases in reliability were generally associated with greater declines in PTA, and the magnitude of these changes decreased over time (increasing evaluation number). Change in reliability underpredicted the variance of change in PTA, indicating that other important factors contribute or that the assumptions for the calculation of the expected change in PTA are not met. Declines in estimated merit over time are not sufficient to alter present genetic selection programs, but reasons for the declines continue to elude explanation. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rpowell@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2614 EP 2620 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 839NN UT WOS:000222791900034 PM 15328286 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD TI Accuracy of foreign dairy bull evaluations in predicting United States evaluations for yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interbull; sire evaluation ID HOLSTEIN BULLS AB Combining foreign daughter data with domestic information in dairy bull genetic evaluations has been shown to improve prediction of future domestic evaluations for US bulls. This study focused on the accuracy of Interbull evaluations of bulls with only foreign daughters, in predicting the latest domestic evaluations ( based on US daughters). August 2003 USDA evaluations based only on US daughters were matched with the most recent February or August Interbull evaluations without US daughters. A minimum reliability of at least 80% for yield and 70% for somatic cell score (SCS) was required in both evaluations. This provided pairs of evaluations based on different daughters ( foreign or US) for 286 bulls ( 60 bulls for SCS). Mean Interbull reliabilities on the US scale were 88% for yield and 84% for SCS, and the mean US reliability for the current evaluations was 91% for yield and 80% for SCS. Correlations between the Interbull and domestic evaluations were 0.90, 0.87, 0.90, and 0.87 for milk, fat, protein, and SCS respectively. Expected correlations were 0.89 for yield and 0.82 for SCS. Mean differences between the Interbull and current domestic evaluations were near zero. These foreign bulls had graduated from progeny test programs ( selected for positive Mendelian sampling) before being marketed in the United States. Thus, parent average was a substantial underestimate of merit. The small average differences between evaluations from foreign and US daughters and high correlations indicate that Interbull evaluations based solely on foreign daughters are useful predictors of the US evaluations for yield and SCS, providing accuracy in agreement with reliabilities and much better estimates than the alternative, parent averages. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rpowell@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2621 EP 2626 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 839NN UT WOS:000222791900035 PM 15328287 ER PT J AU Hare, E Norman, HD Wright, JR AF Hare, E Norman, HD Wright, JR TI Duration of herd participation in Dairy Herd Improvement milk recording in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dairy Herd Improvement; milk recording; herd participation AB Participation in milk-recording programs that provide data for national genetic evaluations of dairy cattle in the United States is voluntary, but the effectiveness of the evaluation system increases with the number of herds that contribute data. To investigate patterns of herd participation in Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) testing, periods of continuous testing were computed based on the year that a herd initiated or terminated testing and by geographical region. Continuous testing was defined as at least one test per 6-mo period. Some herds discontinued testing and then re-enrolled. Across all years ( 1960 through 2002), 65% of herds had one period of continuous testing ( no testing lapse). The percentage of herds with testing lapses decreased as the number of lapses increased and as the initial test year became more recent; overall, only 1.5% of herds had more than 6 continuous testing periods. For herds that terminated DHI testing from 1960 through 2002, 64% were on continuous test for <3 yr. In general, herd frequencies decreased as continuous test period increased except for continuous testing of &GE;20 yr, which increased to 13% for years 2000 to 2002. Herds with more recent termination dates had remained on continuous test longer, and one-third of herds that were still on test after June 2002 had been on test for at least 20 yr. The duration of herd participation was longest for the northeastern and mideastern United States and shortest for the southeastern United States. Multiple periods of testing with lapses of >6 mo between test periods represent a loss of data that could have enhanced the study and evaluation of genetic characteristics of US dairy cattle. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hare, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lhare@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2743 EP 2747 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 839NN UT WOS:000222791900048 PM 15328300 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Hellmich, RL Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC AF Reardon, BJ Hellmich, RL Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC TI Growth, development, and survival of Nosema pyrausta-infected European corn borers (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) reared on meridic diet and Cry1Ab SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Nosenia pyrausta; Bt; corn ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT CORN; NUBILALIS AB Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., hybrids expressing crystal protein endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner are an increasingly popular tactic for managing the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in North America. O. nubilalis populations also are often vulnerable to the ubiquitous entomopathogenic microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot). We examined the effect of feeding meridic diet incorporated with purified Cry1Ab on growth, development, and survival of Nosema-infected and uninfected neonate O. nubilalis. Infected larvae developed more slowly than uninfected larvae. Increasing the concentration of Cry1Ab in diet reduced larval development, and this effect was amplified by microsporidiosis. Infected larvae weighed significantly less than uninfected larvae. The relationship among Nosema infection, Cry1Ab concentration, and larval weight was fitted to an exponential function. The LC50 of infected larvae was one-third that of uninfected larvae, indicating that infected larvae are more vulnerable to toxin. This work has implications for resistance management of O. nubilalis and demonstrates that it is important to determine whether N. pyrausta is present when testing susceptibility of larvae to transgenic corn hybrids. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1201 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900002 PM 15384327 ER PT J AU Tillman, G Schomberg, H Phatak, S Mullinix, B Lachnicht, S Timper, P Olson, D AF Tillman, G Schomberg, H Phatak, S Mullinix, B Lachnicht, S Timper, P Olson, D TI Influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cover crops; predators; cotton ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; HOST PLANTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; HEMIPTERA; HELIOTHIS; MISSISSIPPI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; BOLLWORM AB In fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in Tift County, Georgia. The objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. The five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, Secale cereale L., a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, Trifolium michelianum Savi; crimson clover; mid hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; 4) a legume mixture + rye combination; and 5) no cover crop in convention ally tilled fields. Three main groups or species of pests were collected in cover crops and cotton: 1) the heliothines Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); 2) the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); and 3) stink bugs. The main stink bugs collected were the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.); the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say); and the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say). Cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, were collected only on cotton. For both years of the study, the heliothines were the only pests that exceeded their economic threshold in cotton, mid the number of times this threshold was exceeded in cotton was higher in control cotton than in crimson clover and rye cotton. Heliothine predators and aphidophagous lady beetles occurred in cover crops and cotton during both years of the experiment. Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), and red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren were relatively the most abundant heliothine predators observed. Lady beetles included the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville; the sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L.; spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (De-Geer); mid the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Density of G. punctipes was higher in cotton fields previously planted in crimson clover compared with control cotton fields for all combined sampling dates in 2001. Intercropping cotton in live strips of cover crop was probably responsible for the relay of G. punctipes onto cotton in these crimson clover fields. Density of O. insidiosus was not significantly different between cover crop and control cotton fields. Lady beetles seemed to relay from cover crops into cotton. Conservation of the habitat of fire ants during planting probably was responsible for the higher density of red imported fire ants observed in all conservation tillage cotton fields relative to control cotton fields. Reduction in the number of times in which economic thresholds for heliothines were exceeded in crimson clover and rye compared with control fields indicated that the buildup of predaceous fire ants and G. punctipes in these cover crops subsequently resulted in reduction in the level of heliothines in conservation tillage cotton with these cover crops compared with conventional tillage cotton without cover crops. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Tillman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pgt@tifton.usda.gov NR 49 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 30 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1232 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900005 PM 15384330 ER PT J AU Mckenzie, CL Weathersbee, AA Hunter, WB Puterka, GJ AF Mckenzie, CL Weathersbee, AA Hunter, WB Puterka, GJ TI Sucrose octanoate toxicity to brown citrus aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) and the parasitoid Lysiphlebus-testaceipes (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suger ester; biorational; Toxoptera citricida ID NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; SUGAR ESTERS; BEMISIA-TABACI; TRISTEZA VIRUS; INSECT PESTS; RESISTANCE; ALEYRODIDAE; TRICHOMES AB We report the toxicological effects of a new biorational, synthetic sucrose octanoate (AVA Chemical Ventures L.L.C., Portsmouth, NH), on brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), nymphs and adults and to its native parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). Sucrose octanoate topically applied was equally toxic to brown citrus aphid adults and nymphs with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 356 to 514 and 1029 to 1420 ppm, respectively. Mortalities of both stages did not differ significantly over time during the 3-24-h sampling period. Dry residues of sucrose octanoate exhibited similar levels of toxicity to both nymphs and adults. Mortality ranged from 60 to 70% at 6,000 ppm 4 h after exposure. L. testaceipes was not harmed by treatments as high as 4,000 ppm of sucrose octanoate as long as the parasitoid had mummified before treatment. Based on these results, sucrose octanoate would be a useful biorational in citrus integrated pest management programs. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Mckenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1238 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900006 PM 15384331 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, GJ TI Irradiation disinfestation of apple maggot (Diptera : Tephritidae) in hypoxic and low-temperature storage SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis pomonella; quarantine treatment; controlled atmosphere; cold storage; phytosanitary treatment ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; IMMATURES; FLY AB Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a quarantine pest of apples, Malus domestica Borkhausen, and pears, Pyrus communis L., shipped from much of the United States and Canada. As such, these fruits shipped from infested areas to uninfested areas must undergo a quarantine disinfestation treatment. The objective of this research was to develop irradiation quarantine treatments against apple maggot considering that fruit hosts may be stored under hypoxic or cold conditions when they are irradiated. Hypoxia increased from 30.5 to 35.7 Gy (17%) the estimated dose to achieve 99% prevention of the full pupal stage from irradiated third instars in apples compared with ambient atmospheres. However, 50 Gy completely prevented the full pupa in 22,360 and 15,530 third instars, respectively, irradiated in apples in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. There was no difference in development to the full pupal stage in apple maggot third instars held at 1 or 24degreesC when irradiated with 20 Gy. Because the maximum dose measured when 50 Gy was sought was 57 Gy, the latter should be the dose recommended for quarantine disinfestation of host fruits of the apple maggot. Apples and pears tolerate much higher doses. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1248 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900008 PM 15384333 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, CY Miller, GT AF Yokoyama, CY Miller, GT TI Quarantine strategies for olive fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae): Low-temperature storage, brine, and host relations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera oleae; quarantine treatment; Olea europaea ID PEST-FREE PERIOD; DACUS-OLEAE; STONE FRUITS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; NEW-ZEALAND; FLIES; DIET AB A dose-response relationship was not observed in olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin), larvae exposed to acetic acid concentrations (0-2.5%) used in commercial brine solutions to cure olives. Immersion in a 1% acetic acid brine solution impeded emergence of the immature stages. A 1-wk exposure of olives infested with olive fruit fly larvae to low-temperature storage as a postharvest treatment at 0-1degreesC resulted in 8% survival of the population, and exposures of 2 through 5 wk further reduced pupal and adult emergence to <1.0%. One- to 2-wk exposures at 2-3degreesC resulted in a significant decrease in survival from 20 to 3%, respectively, and longer durations of 3-5 wk reduced survival to <1.0%. Mean daily fruit pulp temperatures in olives in the top, middle, and bottom of plastic bins stored at 2-3degreesC decreased by 5-8degreesC from the first to the second day. Lowest temperatures were observed in the top, and highest temperatures were observed in the middle layer of fruit, which attained a mean temperature of 3.8degreesC on day 5. Laboratory choice tests showed that olive fruit fly oviposited at a higher rate in late season Mission olives that were green than in fruit that were in the red blush maturity stage in tests with 1- and 3-4-d exposure periods, and an increase in duration of exposure was related to an increase in the total number of ovipositional sites. Higher percentages of olive fruit fly third instars, pupae, and adults were reared from green fruit than from fruit in the red blush stage after a 1-d exposure to oviposition. Manzanillo olives were more attractive for oviposition by olive fruit fly than Mission olives, and significantly more third instars, pupae, and adults developed in Manzanillo fruit than in Mission fruit in the red blush stage. These differences were related to the better quality and higher flesh content of the Manzanillo versus Mission olives used in the tests. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Yokoyama, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM vyokoyama@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1253 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900009 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Armstrong, JW AF Follett, PA Armstrong, JW TI Revised irradiation doses to control melon fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, and oriental fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) and a generic dose for tephritid fruit flies SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE x-ray irradiation; quarantine pest; phytosanitary treatment ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GAMMA-RADIATION; HAWAII AB Currently approved irradiation quarantine treatment doses for Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), melon fly; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly; and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly, infesting fruits and vegetables for export from Hawaii to the continental United States are 210, 225, and 250 Gy, respectively. Irradiation studies were initiated to determine whether these doses could be reduced to lower treatment costs, minimize any adverse effects on quality, and support a proposed generic irradiation dose of 150 Gy for fruit flies. Dose-response tests were conducted with late third instars of wild and laboratory strains of the three fruit fly species, both in diet and in fruit. After x-ray irradiation treatment, data were taken on adult emergence, and adult female fecundity and fertility. Melon fly was the most tolerant of the three species to irradiation, and oriental fruit fly was more tolerant than. Mediterranean fruit fly. Laboratory and wild strains of each species were equally tolerant of irradiation, and larvae were more tolerant when irradiated in fruit compared with artificial diet. An irradiation dose of 150 Gy applied to 93,666 melon fly late third instars in papayas resulted in no survival to the adult stage, indicating that this dose is sufficient to provide quarantine security. Irradiation doses of 100 and 125 Gy applied to 31,920 Mediterranean fruit fly and 55,743 oriental fruit fly late third instars, respectively, also resulted in no survival to the adult stage. Results support a proposed generic irradiation quarantine treatment dose of 150 Gy for all tephritid fruit flies. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1254 EP 1262 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900010 PM 15384335 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, PA TI Generic vapor heat treatments to control Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine pest; phytosanitary treatment; quarantine heat treatment ID IRRADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; RED GINGER FLOWERS; FORCED-AIR; MEALYBUGS; QUALITY; GREEN; FRUIT AB Vapor heat treatments were developed against life stages of the mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Treatments tested were 47degreesC for 5-50 min in 5-min increments and 49degreesC for 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12 min. All tests were conducted with mixed age M. hirsutus on Chinese pea, Pisum sativum L. Treatment at 47degreesC required 45 min to kill all M. hirsutus, whereas treatment at 49degreesC required 10 min. The adult female and nymphal stages were the most heat tolerant at 47degreesC, but the egg stage was the most heat tolerant at 49degreesC. Use of the vapor heat treatments on other commodities will require achieving or exceeding the proper temperature and duration at all locations on the host where M. hirsutus may reside. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1268 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900011 PM 15384336 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Anderson, JB Mizrach, A Epsky, ND Shuman, D Heath, RR Mazor, M Hetzroni, A Grinshpun, J Taylor, PW Garrett, SL AF Mankin, RW Anderson, JB Mizrach, A Epsky, ND Shuman, D Heath, RR Mazor, M Hetzroni, A Grinshpun, J Taylor, PW Garrett, SL TI Broadcasts of wing-fanning vibrations recorded from calling male Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) increase captures of females in traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arrestment; sound; monitoring ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ACOUSTIC COURTSHIP SIGNALS; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FLIES DIPTERA; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; MAJOR COMPONENTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; MEDFLIES DIPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION AB Female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from the sterile-male rearing facility in El Pino, Guatemala, were exposed to broadcasts of wing-fanning vibrations recorded from males engaged in calling behavior to investigate the feasibility of developing a female-selective acoustic trap. The recorded signals had frequent amplitude fluctuations and peak frequencies approximate to350 Hz, typical of signals observed in previous studies of Mediterranean fruit fly acoustic behavior. Females did not exhibit long-distance phonotaxis, but remained near a speaker significantly longer when the sounds were broadcast at 103-107 dB than when the speaker was silent. In addition, significantly higher percentages of females were captured by yellow adhesive traps next to a broadcasting speaker than by traps next to a silent mimic. Additional bioassays were conducted with synthetic, 350-Hz tones produced by a thermoacoustic tube as well as with silent mimics of the different sound sources to examine the relative responsiveness of female Mediterranean fruit flies to traps with different acoustic and visual features. The visual attributes of the different sound source assemblies significantly affected capture rates. The range over which the broadcast significantly increased the percentage of female captures was <0.5 m, which may limit the utility of these acoustic cues in large-scale trapping programs. However, the findings of this study do justify further testing of whether optimized short-range acoustic signals could be used to augment longer range pheromonal and visual cues to improve the efficacy of female-selective traps. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. ARO, Volcani Ctr, Inst Agr Engn, Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. ARO, Volcani Ctr, Inst Plant Protect, Bet Dagan, Israel. Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Taylor, Phillip/E-4620-2011 OI Taylor, Phillip/0000-0002-7574-7737 NR 64 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1309 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847XR UT WOS:000223431900016 PM 15384341 ER EF