FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bannerman, DD Eiting, KT Winn, RK Harlan, JM AF Bannerman, DD Eiting, KT Winn, RK Harlan, JM TI FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) protects against apoptosis and suppresses NF-K13 activation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED KINASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; FAMILY-MEMBERS; SEPTIC SHOCK; C-FLIP; DEATH AB Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its activation of Toll-like receptor-4 contributes to much of the vascular injury/dysfunction associated with gram-negative sepsis. Inhibition of de novo gene expression has been shown to sensitize endothelial cells (EC) to LPS-induced apoptosis, the onset of which correlates with decreased expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLEP). We now have data that conclusively establish a role for FLEP in protecting EC against LPS-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of FLIP protected against LPS-induced apoptosis, whereas down-regulation of FLIP using antisense oligonucleotides; sensitized EC to direct LPS killing. Interestingly, FLEP overexpression suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by LPS, but not by phorbol ester, suggesting a specific role for FLIP in mediating LPS activation. Conversely, mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) obtained from FLIP -/- mice showed enhanced LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation relative to those obtained from wild-type mice. Reconstitution of FLIP-/- MEF with full-length FLIP reversed the enhanced NF-kappaB activity elicited by LPS in the FLIP -/- cells. Changes in the expression of FLEP had no demonstrable effect on other known LPS/Tir-4-activated signaling pathways including the p38, Akt, and Jnk pathways. Together, these data support a dual role for FLIP in mediating LPS-induced apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18645, P01 HL018645]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42686, R01 GM042686] NR 57 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 165 IS 4 BP 1423 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63400-1 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 857IS UT WOS:000224110400035 PM 15466406 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, E French, S Variyam, JN Haines, PS AF Finkelstein, E French, S Variyam, JN Haines, PS TI Pros and cons of proposed interventions to promote healthy eating SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on an Economic Analysis of Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors CY APR 10, 2003 CL Washington, DC ID FOOD ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENERGY DENSITY; LA CARTE; SCHOOL; ADOLESCENTS; DIETARY; OBESITY; FRUIT; CONSUMPTION AB The increased prevalence and costs associated with the obesity epidemic have made preventive efforts a public health priority. Public health has historically relied on a series of targeted regulations, taxes, and education efforts to curb epidemics, and will rely on similar strategies to combat obesity. We argue that interventions targeted at youth are relatively easy to justify on economic grounds due to the additional protections that this group requires, but that justification for government interventions aimed at curbing obesity, among adults requires additional evidence that private markets are not functioning properly. We then present seven proposed intervention strategies to promote healthy eating, and use an economic framework to discuss the relative merits of the interventions. This evaluation will allow policymakers to make more informed decisions concerning the relative met-its of these strategies in combating the obesity epidemic. (C) 2004 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Partnershp Promote Hlth Eating & Act Living, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Finkelstein, E (reprint author), Partnershp Promote Hlth Eating & Act Living, 44 Sch St,Suite 325, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.017 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 858ES UT WOS:000224173800007 PM 15450627 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Tuo, WB Dubey, JP AF Jenkins, MC Tuo, WB Dubey, JP TI Evaluation of vaccination with Neospora caninum protein for prevention of fetal loss associated with experimentally induced neosporosis in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT SHEEP; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTION; MICE; CATTLE; EWES; PROTECTION; ABORTION; VACCINES AB Objective-To evaluate the immunologic response of a killed tachyzoite vaccine against Neospora caninum and its effectiveness in preventing fetal loss associated with experimentally induced neosporosis in sheep. Animals-30 Dorset ewes. Procedure-Ewes were randomly allocated to receive vaccination on days 1 and 60 of the study with a killed N caninum tachyzoite preparation in a commercially available adjuvant or a saline-adjuvant mixture. A ram was placed on pasture with the ewes from days 15 to 60. Blood was collected from ewes before primary and booster vaccinations and prior to experimental challenge with N caninum tachyzoite performed on day 90; sera were assessed via Neospora agglutination (NA) and immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assays. Blood was collected from lambs before they suckled, and sera were tested for antibodies against N caninum. Results-Of the 14 vaccinated ewes that became pregnant, 12 gave birth to live-born lambs; in contrast, 5 of 11 pregnant control ewes gave birth to live-born lambs. Whereas vaccination improved fetal survival in pregnant ewes challenged with N caninum tachyzoites, it did not appear to have any appreciable effect on transmission of N caninum to offspring, as indicated by results of NA and IFA assays. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The N caninum tachyzoite vaccine used in this study appeared to provide protection against fetal loss associated with experimentally induced neosporosis in a high proportion of pregnant ewes. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1404 EP 1408 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1404 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856TY UT WOS:000224069100013 PM 15524328 ER PT J AU Mizoshita, K Ihara, N Carpio, CM Bennett, GL de Leon, FAP Beattie, CW Sugimoto, Y AF Mizoshita, K Ihara, N Carpio, CM Bennett, GL de Leon, FAP Beattie, CW Sugimoto, Y TI Chromosomal mapping of 65 microsatellites developed from microdissected BTA14 and BTA20 chromosome-specific genomic libraries SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CATTLE; MAP C1 Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet Odakura, Fukushima, Japan. Cattle Breeding Dev Inst Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Paige Lab 311, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Sugimoto, Y (reprint author), Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet Odakura, Fukushima, Japan. EM kazusugi@siag.or.jp OI Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 408 EP 410 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01170.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 855DF UT WOS:000223952600009 PM 15373747 ER PT J AU Dugan, J Rockey, DD Jones, L Andersen, AA AF Dugan, J Rockey, DD Jones, L Andersen, AA TI Tetracycline resistance in Chlamydia suis mediated by genomic islands inserted into the chlaravdial inv-like gene SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TRACHOMATIS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; SWINE; CONJUNCTIVITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ORGANIZATION AB Many strains of Chlamydia suis, a pathogen of pigs, express a stable tetracycline resistance phenotype. We demonstrate that this resistance pattern is associated with a resistance gene, tet(C), in the chlamydial chromosome. Four related genomic islands were identified in seven tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains. All resistant isolates carry the structural gene tet(C) and the tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C). The islands share significant nucleotide sequence identity with resistance plasmids carried by a variety of different bacterial species. Three of the four tet(C) islands also carry a novel insertion sequence that is homologous to the IS605 family of insertion sequences. In each strain, the resistance gene and associated sequences are recombined into an identical position in a gene homologous to the inv gene of the yersiniae. These genomic islands represent the first examples of horizontally acquired DNA integrated into a natural isolate of chlamydiae or within any other obligate intracellular bacterium. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rockey, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rockeyd@orst.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42869, AI48769, R01 AI048769]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210, P30 ES00210] NR 36 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3989 EP 3995 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.10.3989-3995.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858UH UT WOS:000224217000049 PM 15388463 ER PT J AU de Koker, TH Mozuch, MD Cullen, D Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ AF de Koker, TH Mozuch, MD Cullen, D Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ TI Isolation and purification of pyranose 2-oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and characterization of gene structure and regulation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS TRAMETES-MULTICOLOR; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; H2O2-PRODUCING ENZYME; PENICILLIUM-AMAGASAKIENSE; GMC OXIDOREDUCTASES; CORIOLUS-VERSICOLOR; REACTION-PRODUCTS; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Pyranose 2-oxidase (POX) was recovered from Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 solid substrate culture using mild extraction conditions and was purified. C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed production Of D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose (glucosone) from D-glucose with the oxidase. Peptide fingerprints generated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic digests and analysis of the corresponding cDNA revealed a structurally unusual sequence for the P. chrysosporium POX. Relatively high levels of pox transcript were detected under carbon-starved culture conditions but not under nutrient sufficiency. This regulation pattern is similar to that observed for lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, and glyoxal oxidase of P. chrysosporium, supporting evidence that POX has a role in lignocellulose degradation. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM pkersten@facstaff.wise.edu NR 58 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5794 EP 5800 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5794-5800.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT WOS:000224356200011 PM 15466516 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Stellflug, JN Van Vleck, LD AF Snowder, GD Stellflug, JN Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic correlation of ram sexual performance with ewe reproductive traits of four sheep breeds SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; fertility; heritability; libido; proliticacy ID MATING PERFORMANCE; OVULATION RATE; ESTROUS CYCLE; TARGHEE SHEEP; BODY-WEIGHT; WOOL TRAITS; SELECTION; RAMBOUILLET; REPEATABILITY; TESTOSTERONE AB Rams express differences in sexual performance during the breeding season. Breeding rams with high sexual performance scores as measured during a sexual performance test can improve flock fertility. Whether selecting rams for high sexual performance score will indirectly improve ewe reproductive performance is not known. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between sexual performance scores of rams and reproduction of ewes. Sexual performance scores of rams and reproductive performance (number of lambs born per ewe exposed and number of lambs weaned per ewe exposed) from four breeds were analyzed with univariate and bivariate animal models using REML. A total of 4685 records for sexual performance scores of rams were obtained from the US Sheep Experiment Station (Columbia, n = 807; Polypay, n = 1668; Rambouillet, n = 1208; and Targhee, n = 1002). Reproductive performance of ewes was based on 35,154 records (Columbia, n 7693; Polypay, it = 9229; Rambouillet, it = 10,954; and Targhee, n = 7278). Estimates of heritability for sexual performance score of rams were larger for the Columbia (0.31 +/- 0.09) and Polypay (0.30 +/- 0.08) than that for Rambouillet (0.14 +/- 0.07) and Targhee breeds (0.17 +/- 0.08). Overall breed heritability estimate was 0.22 +/- 0.04. Heritability estimates for number of lambs born were larger (0.05-0.11) than for number of lambs weaned (0.02-0.05). Estimates of genetic correlation between sexual performance score and number of lambs born were near zero (-0.09 to 0.02) except for the Columbia breed (0.24 +/- 0.20). Estimates of genetic correlation between sexual performance score of the ram and number of lambs weaned varied by breed (Columbia, 0.28 +/- 0.26; Polypay, 0.00 +/- 0.25; Rambouillet, -0.17 +/- 0.25; and Targhee, 0.32 +/- 0.28). Overall breed genetic correlations of sexual performance of rams with number of lambs born and weaned were 0.00 +/- 0.10 and 0.00 +/- 0.12, respectively. Because of the low heritability of ewe reproductive traits and their apparently nil to low genetic correlation with sexual performance scores of rams, selection and use of rams with high sexual performance scores would not be expected to result in much indirect response for improved reproduction of ewes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 98633 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci, MARC, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 98633 USA. EM snowder@email.marc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.04.004 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 851DW UT WOS:000223666700005 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Satter, LD Wiltbank, MC AF Lopez, H Satter, LD Wiltbank, MC TI A brief report on the relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; estrus; estrous behavior; milk production ID ESTRUS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate if there was an association between milk production and duration of estrus in lactating cows as determined by standing activity recorded by a radiotelemetry system. Holstein cows (n = 42) were fitted with a radiotelemetric transmitter that allowed continuous recording of standing activity. Cows were housed in a free-stall barn and milked twice daily. Average milk production for the 5 days before estrus was used to classify cows as low (< 35.1 kg/day) or high (greater than or equal to 35.1 kg/day) producers at the time of expression of estrus. Periods of estrus recorded during higher milk production (40.4 +/- 0.8 kg/day; 89.2 +/- 3.2 days postpartum) were shorter (6.9 +/- 0.8 versus 11.1 +/- 1.5 h; P < 0.05) than periods of estrus recorded during lower production (28.0 +/- 0.8 kg/day; 84.9 +/- 3.9 days postpartum). Increased level of milk production was associated (P < 0.05) with decreased duration of estrus. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wiltbank, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, 1675 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wiltbank@calshp.cals.wisc.edu RI Wiltbank, Milo/B-1506-2010 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.04.003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 851DW UT WOS:000223666700013 ER PT J AU Lachnicht, SL Hendrix, PF Potter, RL Coleman, DC Crossley, DA AF Lachnicht, SL Hendrix, PF Potter, RL Coleman, DC Crossley, DA TI Winter decomposition of transgenic cotton residue in conventional-till and no-till systems SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; genetically modified organism; nutrient dynamics; conservation tillage; litterbag method ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; BT CORN; SOIL; AGROECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; BACTERIAL; PROTOZOA; BIOMASS; PLANTS AB Current research suggests that genetic modification of commercial crops may lead to indirect effects on ecosystem function (i.e. decomposition and nutrient cycling processes). We investigated residue decomposition of cotton that was genetically modified to express an endotoxin insecticide isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and/or glyphosate tolerance (Roundup Ready). Decomposition of the genetically modified residue was compared within agricultural systems under conventional-tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) management. We tested for variation in decomposition dynamics under the two tillage regimes because there are intrinsic differences in environmental and biotic conditions between them, and that both management methods are employed in cotton production. We hypothesized that decomposition dynamics would be affected by the presence or absence of the Bt endotoxin and that the degree of variation would be more distinct between tillage regimes. Decomposition dynamics were determined by change in mass remaining and nutrient content (C and N) of cotton litter material contained in mesh litterbags collected over a 20-week period from December to May. Rate of decomposition and change in nutrient content of decomposing litter within either tillage regime was not significantly different between the two cotton types examined. Percent mass remaining, total N and total C decreased over time and were significantly different between tillage regimes only. Over the 20-week experiment, mass loss with subsurface decomposition in the CT reached 55% but surface decomposition in the NT reached only 25%. We observed that cotton genetically modified to express Bt endotoxin and glyphosate tolerance decomposed similarly to cotton modified for glyphosate tolerance only. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lachnicht, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM lachnicht@morris.ars.usda.gov OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.aspoil.2004.05.001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 868XO UT WOS:000224946600004 ER PT J AU Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD Gatlin, DM AF Gaylord, TG Rawles, SD Gatlin, DM TI Amino acid availability from animal, blended, and plant feedstuffs for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid availability; digestibility; hybrid striped bass ID DIETARY LYSINE REQUIREMENT; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BY-PRODUCT MEAL; FISH-MEAL; FEED INGREDIENTS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; PRACTICAL DIETS; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; CHANNEL CATFISH; JUVENILE AB The refinement of hybrid striped bass feed formulations has been progressing rapidly. There is still, however, limited information available regarding nutrient digestibility and amino acid availability from common feedstuffs. A pair of experiments was conducted to determine the protein digestibility and amino acid availability to sunshine bass from an assortment of commercially available animal protein feedstuffs, blended animal products and plant protein feedstuffs in extruded diets. The feedstuffs tested were blood meal, poultry by-product meal, fish solubles, Pro-Pak 60, Pro-Pak 65, ProCon 65RDB, and 60FMC for the animal protein feedstuffs and brewer's yeast, canola meal, peanut meal, and sunflower meal for the plant protein feedstuffs. Test diets consisted of a mixture of nutritionally complete reference diet and test ingredient. Triplicate tanks of fish were fed their respective diets for 7 days prior to collection of faeces by stripping. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (ADC-CP) in the animal products ranged from 47% for 60FMC to a high of 70% for fish solubles. ADC-CPs for animal products were not different across products. Blood meal, poultry by-product meal, Pro-Pak 60, Pro-Pak 65, and ProCon had intermediate ADC-CPs of 63, 55, 63, 57 and 52%, respectively. ADC-CP in plant feedstuffs ranged from 43% for canola meal to 80% for peanut meal. Brewer's yeast, canola meal, and sunflower meal had intermediate ADC-CPs at 54, 43 and 69%, respectively. Apparent amino acid availability coefficients were variable across animal products and did not necessarily correlate to the ADC-CPs for a given feedstuff. Isoleucine availability was low in blood meal at 38% compared with 59% or better for the remaining amino acids. Lysine, tyrosine and phenylalanine availability from fish solubles was low at 31, 35 and 44%, respectively. Amino acid availability from Pro-Pak 60 was consistently higher across all amino acids for the animal products and blends tested. Of the plant products tested, peanut meal was the best performing feedstuff relative to amino acid availability. C1 ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM srawles@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00310.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 858GL UT WOS:000224180200008 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, A Harrison, EH TI Intestinal absorption and metabolism of carotenoids: insights from cell culture SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; metabolism; intestinal absorption; beta-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase; Caco-2 cells; beta-carotene transport; kinetics; cis beta-carotene ID TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; RICH LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; VITAMIN-A; 15,15'-DIOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; ALL-TRANS; IN-VITRO; BETA,BETA-CAROTENE 15,15'-DIOXYGENASE; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE AB Cell culture models are useful for studying intestinal absorption and metabolism of carotenoids. The human intestinal cell line, Caco-2, has been the most widely used model for these studies. The PF11 and TC7 clones of Caco-2 exhibit beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase activity, a key enzyme in the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A. Studies on the recent cloning of this enzyme are discussed. An in vitro cell culture system used to study intestinal absorption of carotenoids is presented. Under conditions mimicking the postprandial state, Caco-2 cells on membranes take up carotenoids and secrete them incorporated into chylomicrons. Both the cellular uptake and secretion of beta-carotene are saturable, concentration-dependent processes. The selective absorption of all-trans beta-carotene versus its cis isomers, the differential absorption of individual carotenoids, and the specific interactions between carotenoids during their absorption are discussed. The participation of a specific epithelial transporter in the intestinal absorption of carotenoids is proposed. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP During, A (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM duringa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015; OI During, Alexandrine/0000-0002-6878-0870 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879] NR 96 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.024 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 851CQ UT WOS:000223663400011 PM 15325914 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Aldini, G AF Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Aldini, G TI Biomarkers of antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of human plasma SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrophilic; lipophilic; BODIPY; MeO-AMVN; carotenoids; tocopherol; ascorbic acid; uric acid ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN-BLOOD; HUMAN SERUM; RED WINE AB Antioxidants located in both the hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of plasma are actively involved as a defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are continuously generated in the body due to both normal metabolism and disease. However, when the production of ROS is not controlled, it leads to cellular lipid, protein, and DNA damage in biological systems. Several assays to measure 'total' antioxidant capacity of plasma have been developed to study the involvement of oxidative stress in pathological conditions and to evaluate the functional bioavailability of dietary antioxidants. Conventional assays to determine antioxidant capacity primarily measure the antioxidant capacity in the aqueous compartment of plasma. Consequently, water-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and protein thiols mainly influence these assays, whereas fat-soluble antioxidants such as tocopherols and carotenoids play only a minor role. However, there are active interactions among antioxidants located in the hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of plasma. Therefore, new approaches to define the 'true' total antioxidant capacity of plasma should reflect the antioxidant network between water- and fat-soluble antioxidants in plasma. Revelation of the mechanism of action of antioxidants and their true antioxidant potential will help us to optimize the antioxidant defenses in the body. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20131 Milan, Italy. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@Tufts.edu OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744 NR 60 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 851CQ UT WOS:000223663400013 PM 15325916 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Clifford, AJ AF Burri, BJ Clifford, AJ TI Carotenoid and retinoid metabolism: insights from isotope studies SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE carotenoid; isotope; human; rat; beta-carotene; vitamin A; lutein ID VITAMIN-A STATUS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOSE-RESPONSE ASSAY; BETA-CAROTENE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; DILUTION TECHNIQUE; DIETARY CAROTENOIDS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Use of isotopes as tracers has had an important role in elucidating key features of vitamin A and retinoid metabolism in animal models and humans. Their use has shown that beta-carotene absorption is variable, and that the appearance of beta-carotene and its metabolites in the blood by time since dosing follows characteristic patterns. Retinol formed from beta-carotene shows a different pattern, as does lutein. In this article, we summarize and discuss insights and some surprises into the absorption and metabolism of vitamin A, beta-carotene, and lutein that were gained with the use of isotope tracers in humans, rats, and cells as models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajclifford@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-13461]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48307] NR 113 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.028 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 851CQ UT WOS:000223663400015 PM 15325918 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Mackey, IC Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Mackey, IC Martin, RR TI Strawberry necrotic shock virus is a distinct virus and not a strain of Tobacco streak virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RASPBERRY LATENT VIRUS; BLACK RASPBERRY; GENUS ILARVIRUS; THRIPS-TABACI; TRANSMISSION; RNA; PURIFICATION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; DISEASE AB Fragaria (strawberry) and Rubus species (blackberry, wild blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry) were thought to be infected with distinct isolates of Tobacco streak virus (TSV). Employing serology and nucleic acid hybridization it has been shown that these isolates form a cluster distinct from other strains of TSV. In this study we have cloned and sequenced the complete RNA 3 of an isolate of TSV from strawberry (Fragaria) as well as the coat protein (CP) gene of 14 additional isolates of TSV originating from Fragaria and Rubus species. Our data suggest that the isolates of TSV that infect Fragaria and Rubus belong to a distinct virus for which we propose the name Strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV). The RNA 3 of SNSV contains 2248 nucleotides, 43 more than the type isolate of TSV from white clover (TSV-WC), with a CP gene that is 669 nucleotides long, in contrast to the 714-7 nucleotides of the TSV CP sequences found in the database. The movement protein gene of SNSV is 897 nucleotides in length, 27 more than that of the TSV-WC isolate of TSV. The CP genes of the 15 Fragaria and Rubus isolates that we studied form two distinct phylogenetic clusters that share about 95% amino acid sequence identity, while they only share 60-65% amino acid sequence identity with TSV-WC. C1 ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HCRL, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 149 IS 10 BP 2001 EP 2011 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0330-y PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 862YZ UT WOS:000224528700009 PM 15669110 ER PT J AU Koga, T Kwan, P Zubik, L Ameho, C Smith, D Meydani, M AF Koga, T Kwan, P Zubik, L Ameho, C Smith, D Meydani, M TI Vitamin E supplementation suppresses macrophage accumulation and endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; hypercholesterolemia; adhesion molecule; ICAM-1; VCAM-1 ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; MONOCYTE RECRUITMENT; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; BETA-CAROTENE; LDL OXIDATION AB Suppression of cell adhesion molecule expression and macrophage accumulation by the endothelium is believed to play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerosis. Earlier, we have shown that in vitro supplementation of human aortic endothelial cells with Vitamin E dose-dependently reduced expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion. Here, we report the in vivo down-regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules expression and macrophage accumulation in the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits supplemented with Vitamin E. To this end, New Zealand White rabbits were fed a semi-purified diet containing 30 (control) or 1000 IU/kg Vitamin E. After 4 weeks, both groups' diets were switched to an atherogenic diet (0.3% cholesterol, 9% hydrogenated coconut oil, and 1% corn oil) containing the respective levels of Vitamin E and fed for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Vitamin E supplemented rabbits had significantly higher levels of Vitamin E in their plasma and aortas. Frozen aorta sections were fixed and stained by an avidin-biotin complex method using Rb2/3 and Rb1/9 monoclonal antibodies against rabbit ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively, and with RAM-11 for macrophage and von Willebrand factor for endothelial cells, followed by staining with secondary antibodies and counterstaining and evaluation under the microscope. At 6 weeks on atherogenic diet treatment, a trend (P = 0.08) toward a lower score of ICAM-1 expression by endothelial cells was observed in the aorta of Vitamin E treated rabbits compared to the control. However, a decrease in the score of VCAM-1 expression by endothelial cells in Vitamin E treated rabbits did not reach to a statistical significance. At 4 and 6 weeks on atherogenic diet, Vitamin E supplementation also significantly (P = 0.003) inhibited the accumulation of macrophages in the aorta. These results support the concept that down-regulation of adhesion molecule expression and suppression of monocyte/macrophage activation by Vitamin E in vivo is one of the potential mechanisms by which Vitamin E may suppress the development of aortic lesions in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 176 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.athersclerosis.2004.05.034 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 859QL UT WOS:000224282900007 PM 15380448 ER PT J AU Pinker, RT Pandithurai, G Holben, BN Keefer, TO Goodrich, D AF Pinker, RT Pandithurai, G Holben, BN Keefer, TO Goodrich, D TI Aerosol radiative properties in the semiarid Western United States SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosols; aerosols in semiarid region ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; OPTICAL DEPTH; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SURFACE; AERONET; ATMOSPHERE; SUN; SENSITIVITY; INSTRUMENT AB Characterization of aerosol optical properties, such as aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, and volume size distribution at the semiarid site of Tombstone Arizona (31degrees23' N, 110degrees05' W, 1408 m) will be presented for one annual cycle. In this region, extensive observations of selected optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been made in the past and reported on in the literature. Less is known about other optical characteristics that are important in climate modeling and remote sensing. New observational techniques and inversion methods allow for the expansion of the earlier information. Observations have been taken with a state of the art sun photometer for a 1-year period and their analysis will be presented here. Monthly mean AODs at 500 nm were found to be in the range of 0.03-0.12; the monthly mean Angstrom exponent ranged from 0.9 to 1.6, being higher in spring and summer and lower in late fall and winter. Volume size distributions exhibit clear dominance of smaller particles, with a gradual increase in size from winter to spring and into summer. Annual variation of the radii of the smaller and the larger particles ranged between 0.05-0.4 and 4-8 mum, respectively. Radiance measurements at 940 nm were used to estimate precipitable water. The retrieved values compared within limits of uncertainty with independently derived estimates from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional weather forecast model. An this study was the consistency found in aerosol optical depths as observed in this study and those derived about two decades ago. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Pinker, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pinker@atmos.umd.edu RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Pandithurai, G/0000-0001-7324-3773 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.06.002 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859ZJ UT WOS:000224306600002 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Beck, JR AF Swayne, DE Beck, JR TI Heat inactivation of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in egg products SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WHOLE EGG; PENNSYLVANIA; OUTBREAK AB Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses are heat labile viruses, but exact parameters for heat inactivation at egg pasteurization temperatures have not been established. In this study we artificially infected four egg products with two AI (one low [LP] and one high pathogenicity [HP]) and three ND (two low and one highly virulent) viruses, and determined inactivation curves at 55, 57, 59, 61 and 63degreesC. Based on D-t values, the time to inactivation of the viruses was dependent on virus strain and egg product, and was directly related to virus titre, but inversely related to temperature. For all temperatures, the five viruses had the most rapid and complete inactivation in 10% salt yolk, while the most resistant to inactivation was HPAI virus in dried egg white. This study demonstrated that the LPAI and all ND viruses were inactivated in all egg products when treated using industry standard pasteurization protocols. By contrast, the HPAI virus was inactivated in liquid egg products but not in dried egg whites when using the low-temperature industry pasteurization protocol. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1080/03079450400003692 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 867CX UT WOS:000224820900007 PM 15545031 ER PT J AU Richards, GP AF Richards, GP TI Structural and functional analyses of phosphoglucose isomerase from Vibrio vulnificus and its lysyl aminopeptidase activity SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE PGI; phosphohexose isomerase; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; subtilase; calcium binding; bradykinin ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHEMOTAXIS; AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CALCIUM-BINDING; CLEAVAGE SITES; NEUROLEUKIN; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIATION; CONFORMATION AB Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) with a novel lysyl aminopeptidase (LysAP) activity was recently isolated and partially characterized from the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus. This PGI is a heterodimer consisting of 60.8- and 23.4-kDa subunits, which together provide LysA-P activity. The present study further characterizes the complex structure and functions of Vibrio PGI and draws parallels with rabbit and human PGI. A Proscan search of Vibrio PGI revealed 194 different structural motifs of which 124 and 127 were also found in rabbit and human PGI, respectively. Vibrio PGI contains motifs for the serine, histidine and aspartic acid active sites of the subtilase family of serine proteases which form a putative catalytic triad consisting of His534 and Ser159 on the 60.8-kDa subunit and Asp53 on the 23.4-kDa subunit. Together, they form one LysAP site for each heterodimer. Each active site motif is overlapped by motifs for EF-hand calcium binding domains. The LysAP activity was inhibited by the addition of greater than or equal to10 muM Ca2+, suggesting that the EF-hand calcium-binding domain may be a natural regulatory region for LysAP activity. In contrast, PGI's isomerase activity was enhanced at Ca2+ concentrations >100 muM. PGI-LysAP cleaved the amino-terminal lysyl residue from des-Arg(10)-kallidin producing des-Arg(9)-bradykinin; therefore, Vibrio PGI-LysAP may serve as a virulence factor to enhance Vibrio invasiveness. Together, these data provide a framework to account for PGI's LysAP activity and further demonstrate the structural complexity and functional importance of this molecule. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, USDA, ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, USDA, ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, 1200 N DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichard@desu.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 1702 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.08.003 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 859VE UT WOS:000224295200009 PM 15450853 ER PT J AU Snyder, S ReVelle, C Haight, R AF Snyder, S ReVelle, C Haight, R TI One- and two-objective approaches to an area-constrained habitat reserve site selection problem SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE multiobjective programming; reserve selection; optimization; integer programming; area constraints ID ALGORITHMS; CONSERVATION; OPTIMIZATION; OREGON AB We compare several ways to model a habitat reserve site selection problem in which an upper bound on the total area of the selected sites is included. The models are cast as optimization coverage models drawn from the location science literature. Classic covering problems typically include a constraint on the number of sites that can be selected. If potential reserve sites vary in terms of area, acquisition cost or land value, then sites need to be differentiated by these characteristics in the selection process. To address this within the optimization model, the constraint on the number of selected sites can either be replaced by one limiting the total area of the selected sites or area minimization can be incorporated as a second objective. We show that for our dataset and choice of optimization solver average solution time improves considerably when an area-constrained reserve site selection problem is modeled as a two objective rather than a single objective problem with a constraint limiting the total area of the selected sites. Computational experience is reported using a large dataset from Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Snyder, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; revelle@jhu.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.018 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 842TG UT WOS:000223026500014 ER PT J AU Jiang, NQ Setamou, M Ngi-Song, AJ Omwega, CO AF Jiang, NQ Setamou, M Ngi-Song, AJ Omwega, CO TI Performance of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in parasitizing Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) as affected by temperature and host stage SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cotesia flavipes; Chilo partellus; parasitism; temperature; host stage; growth patterns ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; STEM BORERS; PARASITOIDS; GROWTH; SUITABILITY; STEMBORERS; CONGREGATA; FECUNDITY; LARVAE; WASP AB The braconid larval parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes, is used as a biological control agent against the crambid Chilo partellus, a serious pest of cereal crops in eastern and southern Africa. We examined the survival, development parameters, and body growth patterns of the host and its parasitoid at different temperatures (22, 26, and 30 degreesC) using third and fourth instars of Ch. partellus. For non-parasitized hosts, larval mortality tended to be highest at lowest temperature and for parasitized at third host instars only at highest temperature. Development time of Co. flavipes immatures significantly decreased with host instar and with temperature. Sex ratio of Co. flavipes varied from male- to female-biased with increase in temperature. The increase in body weight of parasitized fourth instar Ch. partellus was higher than in non-parasitized larvae at all temperatures. Parasitism by Co. flavipes had no effect on the food uptake by Ch. partellus, but significantly less food was consumed by both parasitized and non-parasitized larvae at 26 degreesC. The results of this study were discussed in light of the performance of Co. flavipes under different climatic conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ICIPE, Stemborer Biol Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Setamou, M (reprint author), ICIPE, Stemborer Biol Control Program, POB 30772,GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. EM msetamou@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.06.002 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 854XP UT WOS:000223937500005 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, IL AF Kim, JG Vallet, IL TI Secreted and placental membrane forms of folate-binding protein occur sequentially during pregnancy in swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE conceptus; early development; embryo; endometrium; placenta; uterus ID DIETARY FOLIC-ACID; FETAL ERYTHROPOIESIS; UTERINE CAPACITY; CONCEPTUS; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; ENDOMETRIUM; GESTATION; LIVER; SOWS; PIG AB The objective was to understand how two forms of folate-binding protein interact to accomplish folate transport during pregnancy in swine. Specific folate binding was measured in uterine flushings during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy and in allantoic fluid (secreted form) and placental membranes (membrane form) throughout later pregnancy. In addition, the localization of the secreted form of folate-binding protein (sFBP) in uterine wall sections was assessed. Uterine flushings were collected on Days 10, 13, and 15 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Allantoic fluid and placentas were collected on Days 20, 35, 50, 70, 90, and 105 of pregnancy. Uterine-wall sections were collected on all days of the experiment. Folate binding was measured by incubation of aliquots of uterine flushings, allantoic fluid, or placental microsomal membranes with 0.5-4 nM [H-3]folate. Uterine-wall sections were incubated with purified anti-FBP IgG or normal rabbit serum IgG to localize sFBP. Folate binding did not differ between early pregnancy and the estrous cycle in uterine flushings, was greatest from Day 50 to 70 of pregnancy in allantoic fluid, and was greatest from Day 50 of pregnancy onward in placental microsomal membranes. Staining for sFBP was present in the endometrial glands from Day 10 to 15 in cyclic gilts and from Day 10 to 20 in pregnant gilts. The pattern of folate binding and sFBP staining supports the concept that sFBP transports folate to the developing conceptus until placentation and then the placental form takes over folate transport. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, IL (reprint author), POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1214 EP 1219 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.104.031088 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 856HD UT WOS:000224035400023 PM 15189823 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA Simmons, RW Welch, RM Angle, JS AF Chaney, RL Reeves, PG Ryan, JA Simmons, RW Welch, RM Angle, JS TI An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; subsistence rice diets; nutritional interactions with Cd absorption ID SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL; CADMIUM INTAKE; ABSORPTION; HEALTH; BIOAVAILABILITY; DYSFUNCTION; TISSUES; WOMEN; IRON AB We believe greater consideration should be given the agronomic and nutritional/bioavailability factors that influence risk from Cd-contaminated soils. We have argued that the ability of rice to accumulate soil Cd in grain while excluding Fe, Zn and Ca (even though the soil contains 100-times more Zn than Cd) was important in adverse effects of soil Cd is farm families in Asia. Further, polished rice grain is deficient in Fe, Zn and Ca for humans, which promotes Cd absorption into duodenal cells. New kinetic studies clarified that dietary Cd is absorbed into duodenum enterocytes; Cd-109 from a single meal remained in the duodenum for up to 16 days; part of the turnover pool 109Cd moved to the liver and kidneys by the end of the 64-day 'chase' period. Thus malnutrition induced by subsistence rice diets caused a higher absorption of dietary Cd and much higher potential risk from soil Cd than other crops. Because rice-induced Fe-Zn-Ca-malnutrition is so important in soil Cd risk, it seems evident that providing nutritional supplements to populations of exposed subsistence rice farmers could protect them against soil Cd during a period of soil remediation. In the long term, high Cd rice soils need to be remediated. Remediation by removal and replacement of contaminated soil is very expensive ( on the order of $3 million/ha); while phytoextraction using the high Cd accumulating ecotypes of the Zn-Cd hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, should provide low cost soil Cd remediation. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. IWMI SEA, Bangkok, Thailand. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chaney, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Simmons, Robert/0000-0002-9594-9934 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 139 U1 6 U2 47 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1023/B:BIOM.0000045737.85738.cf PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865KM UT WOS:000224701600015 PM 15688862 ER PT J AU Squires, JR McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF AF Squires, JR McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF TI A snow-tracking protocol used to delineate local lynx, Lynx canadensis, distributions SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE distribution; forest carnivore; Canada Lynx; Lynx canadensis; snow-track; Montana; Wyoming; surveys ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION AB Determining Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) distribution is an important management need, especially at the southern extent of the species range where it is listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. We describe a systematic snow-track based sampling framework that provides reliable distribution data for Canada Lynx. We used computer simulations to evaluate protocol efficacy. Based on these simulations, the probability of detecting lynx tracks during a single visit (8 km transect) to a survey unit ranged from approximately 0.23 for surveys conducted only one day after snowfall. to 0.78 for surveys conducted 7 days after a snowfall. If the survey effort was increased to three visits. then detection probabilities increased from 0.58 for one day after snowfall to about 0.95 for surveys conducted 7 days after a snowfall. We tested the protocol in the Garnet Range, Montana, where most lynx were radio-collared. We documented a total of 189 lynx tracks during two winters (2001-2003). Lynx distribution based on snow-track surveys was coincident with the area defined through radio telemetry. Additionally. we conducted snow-track surveys in areas of western Wyoming where lynx were believed present but scarce. We detected a total of six lynx tracks during three winters (1999-2002). In Wyoming, where lynx presence was inferred from a few tracks, we verified species identification by securing genetic samples (hairs from daybeds) along track-lines. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jsquires@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 118 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023OU UT WOS:000236136900009 ER PT J AU Whitlock, C Skinner, CN Bartlein, PJ Minckley, T Mohr, JA AF Whitlock, C Skinner, CN Bartlein, PJ Minckley, T Mohr, JA TI Comparison of charcoal and tree-ring records of recent fires in the eastern Klamath Mountains, California, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRES; HISTORY; REGIMES; VEGETATION; OREGON AB Fire-history reconstructions are based on tree-ring records that span the last few centuries and charcoal data from lake-sediment cores that extend back several thousand years. The two approaches have unique strengths and weaknesses in their ability to depict past fire events and fire regimes, and most comparisons of these datasets in western conifer forests have focused on sites characterized by high-severity crown fires. Tree-ring and charcoal data spanning the last 300 years in four watersheds in the montane forests of the Klamath Mountains provided an opportunity to compare the records in a fire regime of frequent low- to moderate-severity surface events. The charcoal data were obtained from small lakes, and tree-ring records were derived from fire-scar chronologies at multiple sites within each watershed. The comparison indicates that the tree-ring records detected individual fires not evident in the lake-sediment profiles, whereas the charcoal data disclosed variations in fuel loading and general levels of burning at broader spatial scales. Regional burning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was evident in the lake-sediment records, and both datasets registered a decline in fire activity in the late 20th century. Thus, the two types of data provide complementary as well as supplementary information on past fire conditions. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Whitlock, C (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM whitlock@montana.edu RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Minckley, Thomas/0000-0002-6483-013X NR 60 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2110 EP 2121 DI 10.1139/X04-084 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 870LF UT WOS:000225057900012 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Peters-Lidard, CD Watts, JM McElroy, S AF Moran, MS Peters-Lidard, CD Watts, JM McElroy, S TI Estimating soil moisture at the watershed scale with satellite-based radar and land surface models SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID HYDROLOGIC DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS; SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; INTEGRAL-EQUATION MODEL; SIMPLE BIOSPHERE MODEL; NEAR-SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; SAR DATA; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE AB Spatially distributed soil moisture profiles are required for watershed applications such as drought and flood prediction, crop irrigation scheduling, pest management, and determining mobility with lightweight vehicles. Satellite-based soil moisture can be obtained from passive microwave, active microwave, and optical sensors, although the coarse spatial resolution of passive microwave and the inability to obtain vertically resolved information from optical sensors limit their usefulness for watershed-scale applications. Active microwave sensors such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) currently represent the best approach for obtaining spatially distributed surface soil moisture at scales of 10-100 in for watersheds ranging from 1 000 to 25 000 km(2). Although SAR provides surface soil moisture, the applications listed above require vertically resolved soil moisture profiles. To obtain distributed soil moisture profiles, a combined approach of calibration and data assimilation in soil vegetation atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models based on recent advances in soil physics is the most promising avenue of research. This review summarizes the state of the science using current satellite-based sensors to determine watershed-scale surface soil moisture distribution and the state of combining SVAT models with data assimilation and calibration approaches for the estimation of profile soil moisture. The basic conclusion of this review is that currently orbiting SAR sensors combined with available SVAT models could provide distributed profile soil moisture information with known accuracy at the watershed scale. The priority areas for future research should include image-based approaches for mapping surface roughness, determination of soil moisture in densely vegetated sites, active and passive microwave data fusion, and joint calibration and data assimilation approaches for a combined remote sensing - modeling system. For validation, a worldwide in situ soil moisture monitoring program should be implemented. Finally, to realize the full potential of satellite-based soil moisture estimation for watershed applications, it will be necessary to continue sensor development, improve image availability and timely delivery, and reduce image cost. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM smoran@tucson.ars.ag.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 179 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 6 U2 55 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 EI 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 30 IS 5 BP 805 EP 826 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 876EW UT WOS:000225480100014 ER PT J AU Carrizosa, MJ Hermosin, MD Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J AF Carrizosa, MJ Hermosin, MD Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J TI Interactions of two sulfonylurea herbicides with organoclays SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE metsulfuron; nicosulfuron; organoclays; sorption; sulfonylureas ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CLAYS; SOIL; SORPTION; FORMULATIONS; METOLACHLOR; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; ORGANOHYDROTALCITES; ORGANOSMECTITES AB The sorption of two sulfonylurea herbicides (SU), metsulfuron methyl and nicosulfuron, on pure clays and organoclays was investigated. Three clays (Arizona smectite, SAz-1, Wyoming smectite, SWy-2, and hectorite, SHCa-1), were treated with amounts of octadecylammonium (ODA) or dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODMA) cations equal to similar to50 and 100% of the clays' cation exchange capacity (CEC). Sorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation. While no measurable sorption was found on the pure clays (K-f = 0), organoclays prepared using both primary and quaternary amines were effective as SU sorbents. The metsulturon methyl K-f values ranged between 196 and 1498 mumol(1-1/n) kg(-1) L-1/n, and K-f values for nicosulfuron, which were lower than those of metsulfuron methyl, ranged from 35 to 198 mumol(1-1/n) kg(-1) L-1/n. As shown by sorption coefficients, K-d and K-OC, SWy-2 treated with DODMA at similar to100% of the CEC was the most effective sorbent for metsulfuron, K-d = 684 L kg(-1) and K-OC = 2138 L kg(-1). For nicosulfuron the most effective sorbent was SAz-1 with ODA at similar to50% of the CEC (Kd = 147 L kg(-1) and K-OC = 1233 L kg(-1)). In contrast to other weak-acid herbicides, such as phenoxy and picolinic acids, no clear relationships were found between sorption and layer charge, organic carbon content, and basal spacing of the organoclays for both sulfonylurea herbicides. Sorption of both herbicides on organoclays was assumed to involve hydrophobic and polar interactions for which the availability of interlayer room between organocations was a very important factor. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Seville 41080, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520510 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 864KG UT WOS:000224631800010 ER PT J AU Qi, L Corella, D Sorli, JV Portoles, O Shen, H Coltell, O Godoy, D Greenberg, AS Ordovas, JM AF Qi, L Corella, D Sorli, JV Portoles, O Shen, H Coltell, O Godoy, D Greenberg, AS Ordovas, JM TI Genetic variation at the perilipin (PLIN) locus is associated with obesity-related phenotypes in White women SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE lipids; lipolysis; obesity; perilipin; polymorphisms; triacylglycerol ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; A-MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MEDITERRANEAN POPULATION; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; PLASMA; POLYMORPHISM; EXPRESSION; STORAGE; CELLS AB Perilipin coats intracellular lipid droplets and modulates adipocyte lipolysis. We have evaluated the association between several polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus (PLIN1 : 6209T > C, PLIN4 : 11482G > A, PLIN5 : 13041A > G, and PLIN6 : 14995A > T) with obesity-related phenotypes in 1589 White subjects randomly selected from a general Spanish population. In women (n = 801), the less common alleles of PLIN1 and PLIN4, in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' : 0.96), were significantly associated with lower body mass index. Carriers of the allele 2 (6209C) at the PLIN1 locus weighed significantly less (-2.2 kg; p = 0.007) than women homozygotes for the wild-type genotype. The same was true for 11482A carriers at PLIN4 (p = 0.01). Moreover, the PLIN4 variant was associated with significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio, plasma glucose, and triacylglycerol concentrations. No significant associations with these obesity-related phenotypes were found in men. In agreement with these results, statistically significant gene-gender interactions were obtained when the risk of obesity was estimated (281 subjects were obese and 1308 non-obese). Only in women, PLIN1 and PLIN4 variant alleles (6209C and 11482A) were associated with a lower obesity risk [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.93 and OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.89, respectively]. In summary, our data suggest that common alleles at the PLIN locus modulate body weight and metabolic variables in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Univ Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Valencia, Spain. Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 50647] NR 33 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00309.x PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 852LW UT WOS:000223757800008 PM 15355432 ER PT J AU Fayer, R AF Fayer, R TI Sarcocystis spp. in human infections SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CATTLE; SUIHOMINIS; HOMINIS; SARCOSPORIDIOSIS; BOVINE; TRANSMISSION; SPOROCYSTS; AMPROLIUM AB Sarcocystis species are intracellular protozoan parasites with an intermediate-definitive host life cycle based on a prey-predator relationship. Asexual stages develop in intermediate hosts after they ingest the oocyst stage from definitive-host feces and terminate with the formation of intramuscular cysts (sarcocysts). Sarcocysts in meat eaten by a definitive host initiate sexual stages in the intestine that terminate in oocysts excreted in the feces. Most Sarcocystis species infect specific hosts or closely related host species. For example, humans and some primates are definitive hosts for Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis after eating raw meat from cattle and pigs, respectively. The prevalence of intestinal sarcocystosis in humans is low and is only rarely associated with illness, except in volunteers who ingest large numbers of sarcocysts. Cases of infection of humans as intermediate hosts, with intramuscular cysts, number less than 100 and are of unknown origin. The asexual stages, including sarcocysts, can stimulate a strong inflammatory response. Livestock have suffered acute debilitating infections, resulting in abortion and death or chronic infections with failure to grow or thrive. This review provides a summary of Sarcocystis biology, including its morphology, life cycle, host specificity, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies, for human and food animal infections. C1 USDA, ARS, ARNI, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ARNI, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Power Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 54 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 894 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.17.4.894-902.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 864ZE UT WOS:000224671100010 PM 15489353 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Mask, PL Rickman, D Luvall, J Wersinger, JM AF Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Mask, PL Rickman, D Luvall, J Wersinger, JM TI Evaluating corn nitrogen variability via remote-sensed data SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; corn; yield; nitrogen management; multispectral ID REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS; GRAIN-YIELD; LEAVES; IMAGERY; GROWTH AB Transformations and losses of nitrogen (N) throughout the growing season can be costly. Methods in place to improve N management and to facilitate split N applications during the growing season can be time consuming and logistically difficult. Remote sensing (RS) may be a method to rapidly assess temporal changes in crop N status and to promote more efficient N management. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of three different RS platforms to predict N variability in corn (Zea mays L.) leaves during vegetative and early reproductive growth stages. Plots (15 x 15 m) were established in the Coastal Plain (CP) and in the Appalachian Plateau (AP) physiographic regions each spring from 2000 to 2002 in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha(-1)) applied as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) replicated four times. Spectral measurements were acquired via spectroradiometer (lambda = 350-1050 nm), Airborne Terrestrial Applications Sensor (ATLAS) ( lambda= 400-12,500 nm), and the IKONOS satellite (lambda =450-900nm). Spectroradiometer data were collected on a biweekly basis from V4 through R1. Due to the nature of satellite and aircraft acquisitions, these data were acquired per availability. Chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and tissue N were collected as ancillary data, along with each RS acquisition. Results showed vegetation indices derived from hand-held spectroradiometer measurements as early as V6-V8 were linearly related to yield and tissue N concentration. The ATLAS data were correlated with tissue N at the AP site during the V6 stage (r(2) =0.66), but no significant relationships were observed at the CP site. No significant relationships were observed between plant N and IKONOS imagery. By using a combination of the greenness vegetation index and the normalized difference vegetation index, RS data acquired via ATLAS and the spectroradiometer could be used to evaluate tissue N variability and to estimate corn yield variability given ideal growing conditions. C1 Auburn Univ, Allison Lab 302, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 17-18 BP 2465 EP 2483 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200030339 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 866AA UT WOS:000224744100006 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Peaslee, SD Hooper, DG AF Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Peaslee, SD Hooper, DG TI A technique to estimate nitrate-nitrogen loss by runoff and leaching for agricultural land, Lancaster county, Nebraska SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE groundwater quality; nitrate loss; nitrate risk potential; subsurface leaching; surface runoff; water percolation ID GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; MOVEMENT; IMPACTS AB Nitrate-nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural land to natural water resources is an issue for both crop production and water quality. The objective of this study was to develop a technique to evaluate and map nitrate-N loss by surface runoff and subsurface leaching for agricultural land. The technique implemented water loss calculated by the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) runoff equation and a percolation model to predict nitrate-N loss for soils with different types of land cover. The technique was applied on agricultural land in Lancaster County, Nebraska, which covers 22 1,000 ha near the eastern edge of the Great Plains. The Soil Survey Report was used to identify I I major soil series that comprise 83% of acreage in the county. Predicted nitrate runoff loss from soils ranged from 0.84 to 6.20kg/ha/y for fallow, 0.83 to 5.97kg/ha/y for cropland, and 0.80 to 5.29kg/ha/y for grassland. For most soils nitrate loss by leaching was greater than that by runoff. The average loss predicted by leaching was 8.75, 7.01, and 3.73 kg/ha/y for fallow, cropland, and grassland, respectively. Nitrate concentration predicted in runoff water from three crop-covered soils exceeded the threshold of 10mg/L, while most soils generated leaching water with nitrate exceeding 10mg/L. The county-level average of nitrate predicted in runoff (6.55mg/L) and leaching water (11.8mg/L) emphasized a need of nutrient management plan to reduce N loss from cropland. The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were applied to map water loss and nitrate risk potential (NRP) for surface and groundwater contamination in the county. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrishidi@usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 17-18 BP 2593 EP 2615 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200030396 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 866AA UT WOS:000224744100014 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Trail, PW Wennerberg, L AF Haig, SM Mullins, TD Forsman, ED Trail, PW Wennerberg, L TI Genetic identification of Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, and their hybrids: Legal implications of hybrid identity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; conservation genetics; Endangered Species Act; hybridization; Migratory Bird Treaty Act; mtDNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; RANGE; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; VARIA AB Recent population expansion of Barred Owls ( Strix varia) into western North America has led to concern that they may compete with and further harm the Northern Spotted Owl ( S. occidentalis caurina), which is already listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Because they hybridize, there is a legal need under the ESA for forensic identification of both species and their hybrids. We used mitochondrial control-region DNA and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses to assess maternal and biparental gene flow in this hybridization process. Mitochondrial DNA sequences (524 base pairs) indicated large divergence between Barred and Spotted Owls (13.9%). Further, the species formed two distinct clades with no signs of previous introgression. Fourteen diagnostic AFLP bands also indicated extensive divergence between the species, including markers differentiating them. Principal coordinate analyses and assignment tests clearly supported this differentiation. We found that hybrids had unique genetic combinations, including AFLP markers from both parental species, and identified known hybrids as well as potential hybrids with unclear taxonomic status. Our analyses corroborated the findings of extensive field studies that most hybrids genetically sampled resulted from crosses between female Barred Owls and male Spotted Owls. These genetic markers make it possible to clearly identify these species as well as hybrids and can now be used for research, conservation, and law enforcement. Several legal avenues may facilitate future conservation of Spotted Owls and other ESA-listed species that hybridize, including the ESA similarity-of-appearance clause (section 4[e]) and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act appears to be the most useful route at this time. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Expt Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00206.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856UX UT WOS:000224071800020 ER PT J AU Hile, AG AF Hile, AG TI Avoidance of plant secondary compounds by European starlings: citronellyls SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE aversion learning; bird repellents; citronellyl; monoterpene; Sturnus vulgaris ID REPELLENTS AB There is an ongoing need for nonlethal and environmentally safe vertebrate repellents for a variety of uses. One promising source of candidate repellents is plant secondary compounds, many of which have evolved to defend against invertebrate herbivory. In this study I tested six citronellyl compounds that are used in the human flavor and fragrance industry. Testing was conducted with an invasive and exotic avian pest species in North America, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). All six compounds tested were highly repellent to the birds and repellency was similar across treatment days. A dose-response experiment revealed that two of the six compounds, citronellyl acetate and citronellyl butyrate, tended to be repellent at lower concentrations (chow treated with 0.1:1 mixture of the citronellyl in ethanol) than the others (1: 1 mixture). One compound, citronellyl valerate was also tested for within-day secondary repellency but no evidence was seen for this. It can be concluded that some plant derivatives are suitable for use as avian repellents and many other plant secondary compounds are promising resources for new and safe vertebrate repellents. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hile, AG (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM arlahile@monell.org NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 973 EP 978 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.02.011 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 847KZ UT WOS:000223392700012 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Nakamura, LK AF Kuo, TM Nakamura, LK TI Diversity of oleic acid, ricinoleic acid and linoleic acid conversions among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; PR3; COMPOUND; IDENTIFICATION; INTERMEDIATE; HYDROXY AB Sixteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, including patent strain NRRL B-18602, three recent isolates from composted materials amended with ricinoleic acid, and 12 randomly selected from the holdings of the ARS Culture Collection, were examined for their fatty acid converting abilities. The study examined the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) and ricinoleic acid to 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD). A new DOD-like compound from linoleic acid was observed. All strains except NRRL B-247 exhibited varying levels of DOD production. NRRL B-1000, NRRL B-18602 and NRRL B-23258 with yields up to 84% were among the best DOD producers. TOD production generally paralleled DOD production at a relatively lower yield of up to 15%. Strains NRRL B-1000 and NRRL B-23260 were the best TOD producers. A DOD-like product in low yields was obtained from linoleic acid. The fatty acid bioconversion capability was related neither to growth rate nor to variation in the greenish pigmentation of the strains. Production of significant quantities of DOD and TOD from oleic and ricinoleic acids, respectively, appeared to be a characteristic trait of P. aeruginosa strains. A number of highly effective strains for DOD production were identified. C1 Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, ARS, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4296-5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 858NR UT WOS:000224199500006 PM 15386114 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Campbell, BC AF Kim, JH Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Campbell, BC TI Secondary metabolites of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata inhibit mitochondrial respiration, based on a model bioassay using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACUOLAR H+-ATPASE; CARDIOLIPIN; DIEBACK; GROWTH AB Acetylenic phenols and a chromene isolated from the grapevine fungal pathogen Eutypa lata were examined for mode of toxicity. The compounds included eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl aldehyde), eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl alcohol), eulatachromene, 2-isoprenyl-5-formyl-benzofuran, siccayne, and eulatinol. A bioassay using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that all compounds were either lethal or inhibited growth. A respiratory assay using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) indicated that eutypinol and eulatachromene inhibited mitochondrial respiration in wild-type yeast. Bioassays also showed that 2-isoprenyl-5-formyl-benzofuran and siccayne inhibited mitochondrial respiration in the S. cerevisiae deletion mutant nuph2Delta, lacking a vacuolar type H (+) ATPase (V-ATPase) assembly protein. Cell growth of tsa1Delta, a deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae lacking a thioredoxin peroxidase (cTPx I), was greatly reduced when grown on media containing eutypinol or eulatachromene and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative stress. This reduction in growth establishes the toxic mode of action of these compounds through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. C1 ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4349-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 858NR UT WOS:000224199500009 PM 15386117 ER PT J AU Garner, MR Gronquist, MR Russell, JB AF Garner, MR Gronquist, MR Russell, JB TI Nutritional requirements of Allisonella histamihiformans, a ruminal bacterium that decarboxylates histidine and produces histamine SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTOBACILLUS 30A; ENSILED ALFALFA; DAIRY-CATTLE; RUMEN FLUID; PEPTIDES; LAMINITIS; BOVINE; AMINES AB Histamine is an inflammatory agent that contributes to bovine laminitis. Cattle fed silage-containing rations often have large populations of Allisonella histaminiformans, but this obligate histidine-decarboxylating bacterium could not be isolated from cattle fed timothy hay. The growth of A. histaminiformans was stimulated by yeast extract, protein hydrolysates, and water-soluble extracts of alfalfa or corn silage. Extracts of alfalfa were more potent than corn silage. Because growth and histamine production were not stimulated by Casamino Acids or a mixture of purified amino acids, it appeared that A. histaminiformans requires peptides. The idea that A. histaminiformans requires peptides is consistent with the observation that alfalfa silages often have a large amount of peptide nitrogen. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Chem, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4336-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 858NR UT WOS:000224199500011 PM 15386119 ER PT J AU Fernyhough, ME Vierck, JL Hausman, GJ Mir, PS Okine, EK Dodson, MV AF Fernyhough, ME Vierck, JL Hausman, GJ Mir, PS Okine, EK Dodson, MV TI Primary adipocyte culture: Adipocyte purification methods may lead to a new understanding of adipose tissue growth and development SO CYTOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adipofibroblasts; ceiling culture; cell culture; dedifferentiation; mature adipocytes ID DIFFERENTIATION AB In the present manuscript, the methods required to generate purified cultures of mature adipocytes, as well as stromal vascular cells, from the same isolation are detailed. Also, we describe the in vitro conditions for the dedifferentiation of the isolated mature adipocytes. These two types of cells may be used to reevaluate differences between presently available cellular models for lipogenesis/lipolysis and might provide a new cellular physiological system for studies utilizing the proliferative progeny from mature adipocyte dedifferentiation. Alternative possibilities to the dedifferentiation phenomenon are proposed, as this new area of research is novel. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu NR 8 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9069 J9 CYTOTECHNOLOGY JI Cytotechnology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s10616-005-2602-0 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 990CM UT WOS:000233720800009 PM 19003270 ER PT J AU Sigal, RJ Kenny, GP Wasserman, DH Castaneda-Sceppa, C AF Sigal, RJ Kenny, GP Wasserman, DH Castaneda-Sceppa, C TI Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVES; MODERATE-INTENSITY EXERCISE; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES COMMITTEE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE C1 Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Sch Human Kinet, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Nashville, TN USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sigal, RJ (reprint author), Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. EM rsigal@ohri.ca NR 189 TC 306 Z9 320 U1 0 U2 41 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2518 EP 2539 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2518 PG 22 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 857KQ UT WOS:000224115700044 PM 15451933 ER PT J AU Feng, ZD Wang, HB Olson, CG AF Feng, ZD Wang, HB Olson, CG TI Pedogenic factors affecting magnetic susceptibility of the last interglacial palaeosol S1 in the Chinese Loess Plateau SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE last interglacial; palaeosols; magnetic susceptibility; palaeoclimate ID PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; CENTRAL KANSAS; SOIL SEQUENCE; GOBI DYNAMICS; RECORD; ORIGIN; SIGNAL; NORTH; BE-10; DUST AB The magnetic susceptibility has been used as a quantitative or semi-quantitative proxy for reconstructing the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau based on extensive studies on climatic or/and environmental mechanisms producing the magnetic susceptibility signatures. However, the precise nature of the link between past climates and the susceptibility signatures has remained uncertain primarily due to lack of our understanding in the finalizing and preserving processes of the signatures. This paper attempts to examine the reliability or acceptability of this summer monsoon proxy from non-magnetic perspectives of soil-forming processes. We chose nine sections along two transects: one across the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau and another across the eastern part. Several conclusions can be drawn from our analytical data. First, clay translocation within the S1 palaeosol profiles, as indicated by field-observed clay coatings on ped faces in Bt and Bk horizons and demonstrated by laboratory-analysed clay contents, must have moved some of the magnetic minerals downward so that the susceptibility reflects only the post-trans location distribution of the magnetic-susceptibility-producing minerals. Second, the best-developed palaeosol S1S3 at most of the sections studied is not expressed by the magnetic susceptibility because this palaeosol developed in underlying coarse loess (L2) and coarse textures tend to lower the susceptibility. Third, carbonate concentration is normally negatively correlated with the magnetic susceptibility or simply suppresses the magnetic susceptibility peak when the susceptibility enhancement exceeds the carbonate dilution effect. To conclude, extreme caution must be observed when using magnetic susceptibility signatures to retrieve high-resolution records of the last interglacial palaeoclimate in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Lanzhou Univ, MOE, Natl Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM fengz@mail.montclair.edu NR 74 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1402 DI 10.1002/esp.1110 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 864AD UT WOS:000224604100006 ER PT J AU Stauffer, HB Ralph, CJ Miller, SL AF Stauffer, HB Ralph, CJ Miller, SL TI Ranking habitat for marbled murrelets: New conservation approach for species with uncertain detection SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE binomial model; Brachyramphus marmoratus; California; USA; coastal redwoods; endangered species; habitat ranking; Marbled Murrelet; old-growth forest; presence-absence surveys; probability of detection; Sequoia sempervirens; uncertainty AB An essential element in the conservation of rare species is the ranking of some aspects of habitat quality. We developed a method to rank the importance of individual habitat patches to Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in 26 old-growth forest stands in northern California, using estimates of stand occupancy as an index of nesting activity. We used survey data collected in the stands from 1992 to 1997. The analysis was based on an adjustment that incorporates uncertainty of detection into a binomial model. Maximum likelihood estimators were used for the proportion P of the stands occupied by murrelets and the conditional probability p of detection with each visit to an occupied survey station, and bootstrapping methods were used for error estimates. We were able to rank a single stand most important, three other stands second in importance, and eight additional stands third in importance to murrelet nesting activity. For the murrelets in our study area, these results provided information useful in negotiations between government agencies and a private company in efforts to preserve some of the stands. Our methodology also has potential application for other flora and fauna of management concern, when sampling for presence or absence with uncertain detection. This technique can be applied at a variety of scales depending upon the species and habitat. Although conservation issues require consideration of many factors, including political, social, economic, and biological, our methods are helpful in providing science-based information from sample data to assist in the decision-making process. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Stauffer, HB (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hbs2@humboldt.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1383 DI 10.1890/03-5068 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 863NN UT WOS:000224568800007 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Poach, ME Hunt, PG Reddy, GB AF Stone, KC Poach, ME Hunt, PG Reddy, GB TI Marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetland design analysis for swine lagoon wastewater treatment SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wetland design analysis; wastewater treatment; plug-flow kinetics ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION AB Constructed wetlands have been identified as a potentially important component of animal wastewater treatment systems. Continuous marsh constructed wetlands have been shown to be effective in treating swine lagoon effluent and reducing the land needed for terminal application. Constructed wetlands have also been used widely in polishing wastewater from municipal systems. Constructed wetland design for animal wastewater treatment has largely been based on that of municipal systems. The objective of this research was to determine if a marsh-pond-marsh wetland system could be described using existing design approaches used for constructed wetland design. The marsh-pond-marsh wetlands investigated in this study were constructed in 1995 at the North Carolina A&T University research farm near Greensboro, NC. There were six wetland systems (11 m x 40 m). The first 10-m was a marsh followed by a 20-m pond section followed by a 10-m marsh planted with bulrushes and cattails. The wetlands were effective in treating nitrogen with mean total nitrogen and ammonia-N concentration reductions of approximately 30%; however, they were not as effective in the treatment of phosphorus (8%). Outflow concentrations were reasonably correlated (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.86 and r(2) greater than or equal to 0.83, respectively) to inflow concentrations and hydraulic loading rates for both total N and ammonia-N. The calculated first-order plug-flow kinetics model rate constants (K-20) for total N and ammonia-N (3.7-4.5 m/day and 4.2-4.5 m/day, respectively) were considerably lower than those reported in the limited literature and currently recommended for use in constructed wetland design for animal wastewater treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM stone@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.07.008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 873ES UT WOS:000225263100007 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN AF Meagher, RL Nagoshi, RN TI Population dynamics and occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda host strains in southern Florida SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fall armyworm; host strains; population distribution ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; BERMUDAGRASS; RESISTANCE; STATES AB 1. The development of an area-wide management programme for the migratory pest fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] requires knowledge of its preferred habitats throughout the year and a detailed description of seasonal changes in population numbers. 2. Molecular markers were used to determine the host strain (corn or rice) of male moths captured in sex pheromone-baited traps placed in different habitats in the overwintering areas of southern Florida. 3. The results indicated that rice strain moths were found in all traps and that this strain was the primary population observed in naturalised pasture and wetlands in southern Florida. In comparison, larger populations of both strains and a higher proportion of corn strain moths were observed in areas associated with golf courses, agriculture, or urban development. Corn strain adults were most prevalent during the spring and early summer. 4. These results represent the first geographical survey of fall armyworm host strain distribution in Florida and indicate that corn strain moths are limited in their habitat choice while rice strain moths have a substantially broader range. The localisation of the corn strain population to discrete areas at specific times of the year provides an opportunity to reduce or delay its northward migration. C1 ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rmeagher@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 5 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2004.00629.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 854LS UT WOS:000223905200011 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Polley, HW AF Wilsey, BJ Polley, HW TI Realistically low species evenness does not alter grassland species-richness-productivity relationships SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grasslands; prairies; primary productivity; rank-abundance relationships; species diversity; species evenness; species richness ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; PLANT DIVERSITY; OLD-FIELD; BIODIVERSITY; EXCHANGE; CO2; COMPLEMENTARITY; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION AB Biodiversity is declining worldwide from reductions in both species richness and evenness. Field experiments have shown that primary productivity is often reduced when richness of plant species is lowered. However, experiments testing richness effects have used evenness levels that are much higher than normally encountered in plant communities and have been based on the assumption that species extinctions are random. We experimentally varied, for the first time, both species richness (1-8 perennial species/m(2)) and species evenness (near maximal vs. realistically low) in grassland plots. Net primary productivity (NPP) and ecosystem CO2 uptake declined when richness was reduced, and reductions were similar between evenness treatments. Richness effects were associated more with a selection effect than with complementarity (found only with high evenness). Importantly, extinctions in plots during the second year were not random, but were greater at low than at high evenness (i.e., with increased rarity) and in species with low above-ground growth rates. Thus, species evenness can affect grassland ecosystem processes indirectly by affecting species richness, and it will be imperative to understand. how nonrandom extinctions affect NPP in future studies. Our results indicate that richness studies may not be biased by using mixtures with artificially high evenness levels, but the results also demonstrate that results from these studies are directly applicable only to communities in which plant extinctions are random. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 353 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bwilsey@iastate.edu OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 39 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2693 EP 2700 DI 10.1890/04-0245 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867LS UT WOS:000224844700008 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM AF Johnson, DM Bjornstad, ON Liebhold, AM TI Landscape geometry and travelling waves in the larch budmoth SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE connectivity; epicentre hypothesis; insect outbreaks; landscape geometry; larch budmoth; travelling waves; tri-trophic model; wavelet phase analysis; Zeiraphera diniana ID INSECT POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CYCLIC POPULATIONS; SPATIAL ASYNCHRONY; PERIODIC-WAVES; CONNECTIVITY; SYNCHRONY; OUTBREAK; FEATURES; SYSTEMS; TIME AB Travelling waves in cyclic populations refer to temporal shifts in peak densities moving across space in a wave-like fashion. The epicentre hypothesis states that peak densities begin in specific geographic foci and then spread into adjoining areas. Travelling waves have been confirmed in a number of population systems, begging questions about their causes. Herein we apply a newly developed statistical technique, wavelet phase analysis, to historical data to document that the travelling waves in larch budmoth (LBM) outbreaks arise from two epicentres, both located in areas with high concentrations of favourable habitat. We propose that the spatial arrangement of the landscape mosaic is responsible for initiating the travelling waves. We use a tri-trophic model of LBM dynamics to demonstrate that landscape heterogeneity (specifically gradients in density of favourable habitat) alone, is capable of inducing waves from epicentres. Our study provides unique evidence of how landscape features can mould travelling waves. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, ASI 501, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dmj10@psu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 35 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00659.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853XA UT WOS:000223862500010 ER PT J AU Gasser, RB Hu, M El-Osta, YGA Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E AF Gasser, RB Hu, M El-Osta, YGA Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E TI Nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of sequence variability in ribosomal DNA expansion segments within the genus Trichinella (Nematoda : Adenophorea) SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; nuclear ribosomal DNA; phylogenetic relationships; single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis Trichinella ID GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; MULTIPLEX PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; PSEUDOSPIRALIS; REGIONS; SSCP; RDNA AB A nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) approach was employed to 'fingerprint'sequence variability in the expansion segment 5 (ES5) of domain IV and the D3 domain of nuclear ribosomal DNA within and/or among isolates and individual muscle (first-stage) larvae representing all currently recognized species/genotypes of Trichinella. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of the D3 sequence data set, employing three different tree-building algorithms, examined the relationships among all of them. These analyses showed strong support that the encapsulated species T spiralis and T nelsoni formed a group to the exclusion of the other encapsulated species T britovi and its related genotypes Trichinella T8 and T9 and T murreffi, and T nativa and Trichinella T6, and strong support that T nativa and Trichinella T6 grouped together. Also, these eight encapsulated members grouped to the exclusion of the nonencapsulated species T papuae and T zimbabwensis and the three representatives of T pseudospiralis investigated. The findings showed that nonencapsulated species constitute a complex group which is distinct from the encapsulated species and supported the current hypothesis that encapsulated Trichinella group external to the nonencapsulated forms, in accordance with independent biological and biochemical data sets. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Gasser, RB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, 250 Princes Highway Werribee, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM robinbg@unimelb.edu.au NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 20 BP 3357 EP 3364 DI 10.1002/elps.200405985 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 868WL UT WOS:000224943700006 PM 15490459 ER PT J AU Fisher, JR Bruck, DJ AF Fisher, JR Bruck, DJ TI A technique for continuous mass rearing of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; colony maintenance; potassium sorbate; adult rearing; larval rearing; Coleoptera; Curculionidae ID COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; LARVAE; DIET C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Fisher, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM fisherj@science.oregonstate.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00206.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 861UJ UT WOS:000224443800008 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC AF Legaspi, JC TI Life history of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) adult females under different constant temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Podisus maculiventris; life history; life table ID EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS MULSANT; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; SAY HETEROPTERA; TABLE PARAMETERS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ARTIFICIAL DIET; NIGRISPINUS; COLEOPTERA; PREDATORS; STRATEGY AB Life table analysis was performed on Podisus maculiventris (Say) adult females at constant temperatures of 16, 26, 30, and 36degreesC. Survivorship curves were linear type 11, with steeper rates of decline at higher temperatures. Longevity at 16degreesC (47.2 d) was significantly longer than that at 26degreesC (14.3 d) or 30degreesC (12 d). Adults under the 36degreesC survived only 4.9 d and laid no eggs. Percentage of eggs that hatched was relatively constant at approximate to or about 40% at 16, 26, and 30degreesC. Numbers of egg clutches (ranging from 5.9 to 9.4), eggs per clutch (13.6-14.6), and eggs in the first clutch (9.0-15.1) did not differ significantly at these three temperatures. However, preoviposition period was significantly longer at 16degreesC (20.3 d) than at 26degreesC (6.3 d) and 30degreesC (4.9 d). Number of eggs laid was related to body weight by the equation E = -139.1 + 3.49w, where E is number of eggs laid per female lifetime, and w is the weight of the predator female. Life table analysis of P. maculiventris female adults showed that both net reproductive rate (R,,) and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were highest at 26degreesC, estimated at 47.8 and 156.0 females per female, respectively. However, the shorter generation times at 30degreesC (T = 42.2 d) resulted in higher values for the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.09), the finite rate of increase (lambda = 1.09), and doubling time (DT = 7.7 d). Analysis of cumulative egg production suggests that 26degreesC may be more suitable for maintaining colonies of P. maculiventris because of the sustained levels of egg production over a longer period, compared with the 30degreesC treatment. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, ARS,CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, ARS,CMAVE, 6383 Mahan Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1206 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000011 ER PT J AU Panizzi, AR Berhow, M Bartelt, RJ AF Panizzi, AR Berhow, M Bartelt, RJ TI Artificial substrate bioassay for testing oviposition of southern green stink bug conditioned by soybean plant chemical extracts SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oviposition; artificial substrate; plant extracts ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA; HEMIPTERA AB A laboratory bioassay was developed for testing oviposition preference of southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), toward chemicals extracted from soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, pods and leaves. In this bioassay, an artificial substrate (cheesecloth) was stretched over a wooden ring (embroidery hoops), treated with plant extracts or chromatographic fractions, and then exposed to adult stink bugs to assess oviposition preference. The methanol extract of pods stimulated the greatest oviposition. After a chromatographic separation oil a reverse phase open column, the most active fraction derived from this extract was that eluted with 20% methanol in water. After Subjecting this fraction to chromatography on silica, the greatest activity occurred in the fraction eluted with 60% methanol in methylene chloride. Further fractionation of this material by thin layer chromatography gave no single fraction with demonstrated activity, but the recombined fractions were again active, indicating that multiple components are probably involved in eliciting oviposition. Antennectomized females did not differentiate treated versus untreated substrates, but females with the hairs of the genitalia coated did, indicating that the oviposition-eliciting compounds were sensed by the antennae, rather than by hairs of the genital plaques. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Embrapa Labex USA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Panizzi, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Embrapa Labex USA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM panizzia@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1222 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000013 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ AF Bruck, DJ TI Natural occurrence of entomopathogens in Pacific Northwest nursery soils and their virulence to the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Steinernema oregonense; soil survey ID N-SP RHABDITIDA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; NEMATODES RHABDITIDA; FABRICIUS COLEOPTERA; FUNGI; HETERORHABDITIDAE; LARVAE AB The black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is the primary insect pest of field and container-grown woody ornamentals in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). These studies were conducted to determine the natural occurrence of soil-borne entomopathogens in PNW nursery soils and determine their virulence to black vine weevil. Soil samples were collected July-September of 2002 from field-grown woody ornamental nursery stock in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Sample collection in each state took place in the major nursery production areas. A total of 280 samples was collected (Oregon, 170; Washington, 50; Idaho, 60). Entomopathogens were isolated using insect baiting (nematodes and fungi) as well as semiselective media (fungi). Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was isolated through sodium acetate selection. Soil-borne entomopathogenic fungi occur widely throughout the major nursery production areas in the PNW. The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and Paecilomyces tenuipes (Peck) Samson were isolated. An entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema oregonense Liu and Berry) and B. thuringiensis were also isolated. Of the 30 fungal isolates bioassayed, all but one was pathogenic to last-instar black vine weevil. None of the B. thuringiensis isolates collected were pathogenic to adult black vine weevil. The S. oregonense that were collected only infected a single black vine weevil larvae at 15 and 22degreesC. Pathogens collected from this soil survey will serve as a source of potential biological control agents for black vine weevil. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 49 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1343 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000026 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG AF Tillman, PG Mullinix, BG TI Grain sorghum as a trap crop for corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in cotton SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grain sorghum; Helicoverpa zea; corn earworm; trap crop; cotton ID CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; FIELD RATES; HELIOTHIS; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; INSECTICIDES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARASITISM AB This 2-yr on-farm Study was designed to evaluate the ability of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, to serve as a trap crop for the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), by attracting corn earworm females into the sorghum as they emerged from cornfields. Three plots of sorghum trap crops and three equally sized plots of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., trap crops were planted in a strip between a commercial cornfield and a commercial cotton field. The cotton field adjacent to the trap crop plots was divided into field cotton plots associated with the sorghum trap crop plots and field cotton plots associated with the cotton trap crop plots. Three commercial cotton fields adjacent to corn, but without trap crops, also were sampled. The number of corn earworm eggs per plant and the percentage of plants with corn earworm eggs was higher in the sorghum trap crop plots than in the cotton trap crop plots for both years, demonstrating that corn earworm females preferred to oviposit in the grain sorghum over cotton. A higher percentage of plants with corn earworm eggs was found in cotton in control fields compared with fields with trap crops, indicating that the grain sorghum trap crop was not the source of corn earworm. An economic threshold of 5% corn earworm young (first and second instars) was exceeded more times for cotton in control fields compared with cotton in fields with trap crops. Thus, for two seasons the grain sorghum trap crops helped reduce the need for insecticide applications for this pest. Percentage of parasitization by the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and the number per plant of the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) were higher in the sorghum trap crop plots than the cotton plots. However, the grain sorghum trap crop plots were not sinks for these natural enemies. We conclude that grain sorghum could serve as an effective trap crop for corn earworm in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Managemeth Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Managemeth Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1380 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000030 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Naranjo, SE Williams, LH AF Blackmer, JL Naranjo, SE Williams, LH TI Tethered and untethered flight by Lygus hesperus and Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western tarnished plant bug; tarnished plant bug; flight mill; vertical flight chamber; flight behavior; egg load ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; BEMISIA-TABACI; HOST PLANTS; HEMIPTERA; BEHAVIOR; AGE; COTTON; SEX AB We compared the flight behavior of Lygus hesperus Knight and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) relative to age, sex, and time of day by using tethered (flight mills) and untethered flight (vertical flight chamber) assays. Both species and sexes initiated flights throughout the day, and flight mill assays recorded flights throughout the night. For both species and flight systems, most flights were < 5 min in duration, with longest flights occurring from 1 to 3 wk of age. Number of flights and flight duration were influenced by age and sex for tethered individuals and by sex for untethered individuals. Species differences were less apparent, but tethered L. lineolaris had more sustained flights (individual flights > 5 min) that were of longer cumulative duration compared with L. hesperus. The longest flights were obtained with flight mills and were 17-18 times longer than the longest flight (22 min) in the flight chamber. Determination of flight periodicity, throughout the day and night, was only possible for tethered insects, and females exhibited more distinct periodicities for sustained flights than males. For L. hesperus females, sustained flights followed a diurnal to crepuscular periodicity, whereas sustained flights by L. lineolaris females were nocturnal. No significant correlations were found between egg load and any of the flight parameters when grouped by species, but there was a positive correlation between the number of spermatophores and several of the flight parameters for female L. hesperus. In the vertical flight chamber, takeoffs began at low light levels and were always higher for L. lineolaris than L. hesperus. Rates of climb toward the skylight cue were approximate to50 cm/s, indicating a capacity for strong, self-directed flight by both species. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1400 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000032 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC TI Does a polyphagous predator prefer prey species that confer reproductive advantage?: Case study of Podisus maculiventris SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prey preference; predator fitness; ovigeny ID BEETLE; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; DIETS AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether preferred prey of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) adult females also conferred maximal fecundity. We also studied egg development and maturation as a function of predator age, i.e., "ovigeny" as used predominantly in the context of parasitoids. To determine prey preference, adult females were simultaneously offered five pest prey: 1) beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); 2) fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); 3) cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); 4) greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); and 5) yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (n = 20). In a second experiment, adult P. maculiventris females were provided a single species of prey (for each of the five prey species, n = 10). This experiment was repeated over four durations: 7,15, 22, and 30 d. After each time trial, egg load dissections were performed, and numbers of mature and immature eggs were recorded. P. maculiventris displayed a preference of beet armyworm, whether measured as numbers attacked or estimated biomass consumed. However, no significant differences were found in cumulative numbers of eggs laid under the different prey treatments, with the exception of the 22-d trial where significantly more eggs were laid when feeding on the cabbage looper. During the 22-d trial, the number of egg clutches and numbers of eggs per clutch were highest when fed cabbage looper and lowest with yellow mealworm. Percentage of egg hatch combined across time trials was highest in cabbage looper (81.7%) and lowest in greater wax moth (63.8%). Egg load dissections revealed that the total number of eggs and numbers of mature eggs declined significantly with predator age. However, numbers of immature eggs increased. The mean number of mature eggs in 7-d-old predators represented only approximate to 5% of mean cumulative numbers of eggs laid by 30-d-old predators, indicating that P. maculiventris is strongly synovigenic, where egg development and maturation continues during adulthood. The implications of these results are discussed from the context of P. maculiventris as a biological control agent. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, CESTA Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, CESTA Ctr Biol Control, 310 S Perry Paige Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1409 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000033 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Chu, CC Fitzgerald, G Natwick, ET Henneberry, TJ AF Chen, TY Chu, CC Fitzgerald, G Natwick, ET Henneberry, TJ TI Trap evaluations for thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and hoverflies (Diptera : Syrphidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thrips; hoverflies; traps; light-emitting diodes ID ERISTALIS-TENAX DIPTERA; GREENHOUSE SWEET-PEPPER; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; COLOR PREFERENCE; POLLINATION; HOMOPTERA; FLIES; ALEYRODIDAE; DIVERSITY; CATCHES AB Various trap types were evaluated for catching western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). More western flower thrips were attracted to blue (458-nm peak reflectance) sticky card traps compared with yellow (560 nm) or white sticky card traps. Blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs; 465-nm peak emission) increased the efficacy of blue sticky card traps for catching western flower thrips. Numbers of western flower thrips caught on blue flat rectangular card traps were increased 2.0-2.5 times when cards were equipped with blue LEDs. Hoverflies adults are pollinators, and larvae are natural enemies of aphids and other pest insects. Hoverfly adults were attracted to blue sticky card traps. Nylon screen cages effectively excluded the hoverflies from the blue sticky card traps. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif, Desert Res & Extens Ctr, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. RP Chen, TY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM tchen@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1416 EP 1420 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000035 ER PT J AU Vazquez, RJ Porter, SD Briano, JA AF Vazquez, RJ Porter, SD Briano, JA TI Host specificity of a biotype of the fire ant decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) from northern Argentina SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; host range; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis xyloni; Solenopsis geminata ID FLIES DIPTERA; GENETIC-VARIATION; BIOCONTROL AGENT; SOUTH-AMERICA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PARASITOIDS; BEHAVIOR; BRACONIDAE; PATTERNS AB We tested the host specificity of Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier from Formosa, Argentina, on North American colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, and the native fire ants Solenopsis geminata (F.) and Solenopsis xyloni McCook. No-choice tests showed that P. curvatus hovered over and attacked all three species of fire ants. The number of pupae successfully completing development to adult flies in the trials was 5.03 +/- 1.55 (mean +/- SE) per female fly in S. invicta, 0.66 +/- 0.24 per female fly in S. xyloni, and 0 per female fly in S. geminata. Paired preference tests showed that P. curvatus preferred to hover over S. invicta instead of S. xyloni 77 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE) of the time and preferred S. invicta over S. geminata 87 +/- 4% of the time. The oviposition attempts of active female F. curvatus were 2.8 times higher on S. invicta than on S. xyloni and 16 times higher on S. invicta than on S. geminata. These results demonstrate that this new biotype of P. curvatus is more host specific to North American red imported fire ants than a previous biotype collected from black imported fire ants. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565,1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1436 EP 1441 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000038 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Bonjour, EL Phillips, TW Vela-Coiffier, EL Gates, MW AF Nansen, C Bonjour, EL Phillips, TW Vela-Coiffier, EL Gates, MW TI Relationship between flight activity outside grain bins and probe trap catches inside grain bins of Cryptolestes ferrugineus SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monitoring; Oklahoma; stored-product beetles; trap catch analysis ID FARM-STORED WHEAT; INSECT POPULATIONS; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; VARIABLES; OKLAHOMA; CORN AB Insect sampling/monitoring inside grain bins is time consuming, cumbersome during the summer heat in the headspace of grain bins, may require investment in costly sampling devices for sampling of grain, and involves a certain risk to employees. Thus, it is important to explore unbaited sticky traps on the outside of grain elevators as decision support tools for improved management of stored grain. In this study, we analyzed seven trap catch data sets of unbaited sticky trap catches on the outside of grain bins and corresponding probe trap catches in the upper level of the grain mass at three farm bins in 1991, with capacities ranging from 68 to 141 metric tons, and at two commercial steel bins in 1993 and 1994, with capacities of 5,400 and 6,800 metric tons. We used response surface regression analysis to analyze standardized trap catches of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and showed that (1) from late June to late July, catches on unbaited sticky traps placed on the outside of grain bins preceded probe traps inside the bins by approximate to 3 d, which suggested immigration into bins; and (2) in late August, unbaited sticky trap catches on the outside of bins started to decrease, while probe trap catches inside the bins continued to increase until mid-September. We concluded that, from late June to mid-August, immigration of C. ferrugineus individuals into grain bins influences abundance in the upper grain layer, whereas later in the season, the two types of trap catches were only loosely associated. This study is consistent with results published elsewhere that immigration of C. ferrugineus into grain bins initiated shortly after wheat was loaded into the bins. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM cnansen@montana.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1470 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000042 ER PT J AU Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL French, BN AF Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL French, BN TI Selected grassy weeds as alternate hosts of northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grassy weeds; alternate hosts; northern corn rootworm; Diabrotica barberi; host-searching behavior ID LARVAE COLEOPTERA; SEARCH BEHAVIOR; SEED MIXTURES; DIABROTICA; MOVEMENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESTABLISHMENT; INSECTICIDES; ORIENTATION; POPULATIONS AB We evaluated the suitability of three grassy weed species, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanquinalis L. Scop.), giant foxtail (Setaria faber Herrm.), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.), and a forage grass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), along with maize (Zea mays L.), as hosts of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence. Potted greenhouse plants were infested with northern corn rootworm eggs, and after hatch, larvae were recovered over time by using Tullgren funnels. The percentage of larvae recovered varied significantly between species at each sample date. The highest percentage of larvae were recovered from barnyardgrass, maize, and large crabgrass followed by giant foxtail and tall fescue. When sample dates were combined to test the main effect of species, there was no significant difference in the percentage of larvae recovered between maize and three other species (barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail). The change in head capsule width (growth to new instars) also varied significantly between grass species on the second, third, and fourth sample date, but not the first. On the second sampling date, most of the larvae from maize were third instars, and their head capsule width was greater than the head capsule width of larvae recovered from any of the other species. Although the greatest percentage of larvae was recovered from barnyardgrass, larval development on this species was reduced, because average head capsule width of larvae recovered from all sample dates indicated they were mostly second instars. Average larval weights were not impacted by the grassy weed species evaluated. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the host-searching behavior of neonate larvae, in which the movement patterns were traced after contact with and removal from the roots of different species. In this study, we included the above-mentioned species, side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula Michx. Torr), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and moistened filter paper, which served as a control. There were significant differences in the area searched, number of turns, path crossings, and the average velocity of the northern corn rootworm neon ate larvae exposed to the different plant species and the control. The importance of the results in relation to resistance management is discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, No Grains Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Oyediran, IO (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1504 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864AV UT WOS:000224606000046 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH AF Gobster, PH TI The new urban park: Golden Gate National recreation area and civic environmentalism SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Chicago, IL USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Chicago, IL USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 755 EP 756 DI 10.2307/3986283 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 867EC UT WOS:000224824100023 ER PT J AU Ranjan, R AF Ranjan, R TI Controlling global warming: Perspectives from economics, game theory and public choice. SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA ERS, RED, PMT, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ranjan, R (reprint author), USDA ERS, RED, PMT, 1800 M St, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rranjan@ers.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1023/B:EARE.0000044703.18799.15 PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861PP UT WOS:000224429800007 ER PT J AU Cizmas, L McDonald, TJ Phillips, TD Gillespie, AM Lingenfelter, RA Kubena, LF Phillips, TD Donnelly, KC AF Cizmas, L McDonald, TJ Phillips, TD Gillespie, AM Lingenfelter, RA Kubena, LF Phillips, TD Donnelly, KC TI Toxicity characterization of complex mixtures using biological and chemical analysis in preparation for assessment of mixture similarity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; PROPHAGE-LAMBDA; INDUCTION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; PAHS; RAT AB In the United States, several proposed approaches for using bioassays for the risk assessment of complex hazardous mixtures require that selected mixtures be "sufficiently similar" to each other. The goal of this research was to evaluate the utility of a protocol using in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis as a basis for assessing mixture similarity. Two wood preserving wastes (WPWs) containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol were extracted and fractionated to generate potentially similar mixtures. Chemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the Salmonella/microsome and Escherichia coli prophage induction assays. The crude extract of one WPW was also tested in the chick ernbryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) assay. The CHEST assay provided the most sensitive measurement of toxicity. Overall, the biological potency of the samples was not well correlated with predicted potency based on chemical analysis. Although several mixtures appeared similar based on chemical analysis, the magnitude of the response in bioassays was often dissimilar. Fractionation was required to detect the genotoxicity of mixture components in vitro. The results confirm the need for an integrated protocol, combining chemical analysis, fractionation, and biological testing to characterize the risk associated with complex mixtures. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Donnelly, KC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, 4458 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kdonnelly@cvm.tamu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES04917, 2P30 ES09106, 5 T32 ES07273] NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5127 EP 5133 DI 10.1021/es035287p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100038 PM 15506208 ER PT J AU Milam, CD Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Schulz, R Moore, MT Bennett, ER Cooper, CM Smith, S AF Milam, CD Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Schulz, R Moore, MT Bennett, ER Cooper, CM Smith, S TI Evaluating acute toxicity of methyl parathion application in constructed wetland mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl parathion; insecticides; BMPs; fate and effects; acute toxicity; Ceriodaphnia; fathead minnow; chironomid; amphipods ID PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; COTTON PYRETHROIDS; ATRAZINE; TRANSFORMATIONS; MITIGATION; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; TRANSFERS AB Wetland ecosystems have reduced ambient levels of various organic and metallic compounds, although their effectiveness on agricultural pesticides is not well documented. Five stations within each of two 10 X 50 m constructed wetlands (two vegetated, two nonvegetated) were selected to measure the fate and effects of methyl parathion (MeP). Following a simulated storm event (0.64 cm of rainfall), aqueous, sediment, and plant samples were collected and analyzed spatially (5, 10, 20, and 40 m from the inlet) and temporally (after 3-10 days) for MeP concentrations and for the impact of those concentrations on the aquatic fauna. Aqueous toxicity to fish decreased spatially and temporally in the vegetated mesocosm. Pimephales promelas survival was significantly reduced, to 68%, at the 10-m station of the nonvegetated wetlands (3 h postapplication), with pesticide concentrations averaging 9.6 mug MeP/L. Ceriodaphnia in both the vegetated and nonvegetated wetlands was sensitive (i.e., a significant acute response to MeP occurred) to pesticide concentrations through 10 days postapplication. Mean MeP concentrations in water ranged from 0.5 to 15.4 mug/L and from 0.1 to 27.0 mug/L in the vegetated and nonvegetated wetlands, respectively. Hyalella azteca aqueous tests resulted in significant mortality in the 5-m vegetated segment 10 days after exposure to MeP (2.2 mug/L. Solid-phase (10-day) sediment toxicity tests showed no significant reduction in Chironomus tentans survival or growth, except for the sediments sampled 3 h postapplication in the nonvegetated wetland (65% survival). Thereafter, midge survival averaged >87% in sediments sampled from both wetlands. These data suggest that wetlands play a significant role in mitigating the effect of MeP exposure in sensitive aquatic biota. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 EA Eng Sci & Technol Inc, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, D-76829 Landau, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Milam, CD (reprint author), EA Eng Sci & Technol Inc, 15 Loveton Circle, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. EM cmilam@eaest.com RI Schulz, Ralf/G-3674-2011 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1002/tox.20052 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 858LV UT WOS:000224194200003 PM 15352263 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM Shuler, TR AF Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM Shuler, TR TI Hair as a biopsy material: trace element data on one man over two decades SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hair; trace elements; aluminum; cadmium; copper; lead; selenium; zinc ID METAL CONTENT; SCALP HAIR; MINERAL ANALYSIS; INTERNAL ORGANS; COPPER; ZINC; LEAD; AGE; SEX; CADMIUM AB Background: Hair mineral analyses are being performed frequently both with and without medical advice. Reasons for analysis often are ill defined. Objective: To assess variability of trace element data both within a series of samples from an individual and among mean values published from other research laboratories. Design: Many samples of hair were collected carefully from a healthy man over a comparatively long period of time and were processed and analyzed under standard conditions. Extensive published data from other research laboratories also were reviewed and compared. Results: Coefficients of variation for trace elements in hair of the donor ranged from 17 to 74% for the essential elements copper, selenium and zinc and from 53 to 121% for the potential intoxicants aluminum, cadmium and lead. The ratio of high mean to low mean for values published by others on hair samples from healthy people ranged from two for selenium and zinc to 18 for aluminum. Conclusions: Hair analysis should be based on a diagnostic hypothesis such as cadmium intoxication or copper deficiency rather than on the ease of analysis or attempts to explain vague symptoms because within-person variability is large and interlaboratory agreement on normal values is poor. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lklevay@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601975 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 856NG UT WOS:000224051300005 PM 15069459 ER PT J AU Elliott, DE Setiawan, T Metwali, A Blum, A Urban, JF Weinstock, JV AF Elliott, DE Setiawan, T Metwali, A Blum, A Urban, JF Weinstock, JV TI Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-10-deficient mice SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helminth; cytokines; IL-12; autoimmunity; mucosa; T lymphocytes ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; REGULATORY T-CELLS; CROHNS-DISEASE; INTERLEUKIN-10-DEFICIENT MICE; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; IFN-GAMMA; CYTOKINE; PROFILES; IL-12 AB Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent in industrialized countries, but rare in less-developed countries. Helminths, common in less-developed countries, may induce immunoregulatory circuits protective against IBD. IL-10(-/-) mice given piroxicam develop severe and persistent colitis. Lamina propria mononuclear cells from colitic IL-10(-/-) mice released IFN-gamma and IL-12. The ongoing piroxicam-induced colitis could be partially blocked with anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody suggesting that the inflammation was at least partly IL-12 dependent. Colonization of piroxicam-treated colitic IL-10(-/-) mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (an intestinal helminth) suppressed established inflammation and inhibited mucosal IL-12 and IFN-gamma production. H. polygyrus augmented mucosal IL-13, but not IL-4 or IL-5 production. Transfer of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells from IL-10(-/-) animals harboring H. polygyrus into colitic IL-10(-/-) recipients inhibited colitis. MLN T cells from worm-free mice did not. Foxp3 (scurfin) drives regulatory T cell function. H. polygyrus enhanced Foxp3 mRNA expression in MLN T cells that had regulatory activity. This suggests that H. polygyrus inhibits ongoing IL-10(-/-) colitis in part through blocking mucosal Th1 cytokine production. Resolution of inflammation is associated with increased IL-13 production and can be adoptively transferred by MLN T cells. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Elliott, DE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Div Gastroenterol, 4611 JCP,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM david-elliott@uiowa.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 34 TC 184 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2690 EP 2698 DI 10.1002/eji.200324833 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 862UX UT WOS:000224517800008 PM 15368285 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, JTJ Jansen, CCC Willemen, TM Kox, LFF Owens, RA Roenhorst, JW AF Verhoeven, JTJ Jansen, CCC Willemen, TM Kox, LFF Owens, RA Roenhorst, JW TI Natural infections of tomato by Citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hostuviroid; Pospiviroid ID SEQUENCE; DISEASE; PLANTS; ALIGNMENT; STRAINS AB Since 1988, viroids have been occasionally detected in samples of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum) originating both in the Netherlands and other countries. Infected plants showed chlorosis, bronzing, leaf distortion and growth reduction. Initial diagnosis of these viroids was by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which did not allow a further identification. This paper reports the identification of these viroids by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. Three known viroids of tomato, i.e. Citrus exocortis viroid; Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid were identified. In addition, six isolates were identified as Columnea latent viroid, a viroid so far only detected in some ornamental species. Like the isolates previously isolated from ornamental species, the isolates from tomato share genetic characteristics of both the genera Hostuviroid and Pospiviroid. The biological characteristics of all four viroids, especially their potential effects on both potato ( Solanum tuberosum) and tomato, stress the need for reconsideration of their phytosanitary risks. C1 Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Verhoeven, JTJ (reprint author), Plant Protect Serv, POB 9102, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. EM j.th.j.verhoeven@minlnv.nl OI Verhoeven, Ko/0000-0002-7362-3079 NR 33 TC 93 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 110 IS 8 BP 823 EP 831 DI 10.1007/s10658-004-2493-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 869YY UT WOS:000225022400006 ER PT J AU Raymond, LJ Johnson, WT AF Raymond, LJ Johnson, WT TI Supplemental ascorbate or alpha-tocopherol induces cell death in Cu-deficient HL-60 cells SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; oxidative stress; HL-60 cells; cell death; ascorbate; alpha-tocopherol ID MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; COPPER-DEFICIENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; FREE-RADICALS; RAT-LIVER; MITOCHONDRIA; APOPTOSIS AB Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is the Cu-dependent, terminal respiratory complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Inhibition of CCO can promote oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondria have an important role in apoptosis as both a target and source for ROS, enhanced ROS production resulting from inhibition of CCO by Cu deficiency may trigger apoptosis. The present study focuses on the mitochondrial effects of N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine (TET), which inhibits CCO by causing cellular Cu deficiency, and the antioxidants ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). The following effects were observed: (i) TET reduced both cell growth and viability only in the presence of ascorbate or a-tocopherol; (ii) TET reduced CCO activity and increased mitochondrial ROS production as indicated by increased expression of Mn superoxide dismutase, but the induction of Mn superoxide dismutase was not affected by ascorbate or alpha-tocopherol; (iii) TET acted independently of ascorbate or a-tocopherol in disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential; (iv) TET did not increase caspase-8 activity in the absence of ascorbate or alpha-tocopherol; and (v) TET did not increase transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol unless alpha-tocopherol was present. These findings indicate that reduction in CCO activity by TET-induced Cu deficiency increased oxidative stress in HL-60 cells sufficiently to disrupt the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane but did not trigger cell death. Also, ascorbate and a-tocopherol did not alleviate oxidative stress but may have become pro-oxidants, adding to the oxidant burden sufficiently to trigger cell death in TET-treated cells. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 85202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 85202 USA. RP Raymond, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 85202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 229 IS 9 BP 885 EP 894 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 858LS UT WOS:000224193900004 PM 15388883 ER PT J AU Milyutina, IA Bobrova, VK Matveeva, EV Schaad, NW Troitsky, AV AF Milyutina, IA Bobrova, VK Matveeva, EV Schaad, NW Troitsky, AV TI Intragenomic heterogeneity of the 16S rRNA-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer among Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens strains SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rrn Operon; ITS1 spacer; intragenomic heterogeneity; mosaic structure; Pseudomonas syringae; Pseudomonas fluorescens ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OPERONS; CYANOBACTERIA; RECOMBINATION; ORGANIZATION; REGION; TOMATO AB The 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSI) from 14 strains of Pseudomonas syringae and P. fluorescens were sequenced. ITS1 exhibited significant sequence variability among different operons within a single genome. From 1 to 4 types of ITS1 were found in individual genomes of the P. syringae and P. fluorescens strains. A total of eight ITS1 types were identified among strains studied. The ITS1 nucleotide sequences consisted of conserved blocks including, among others, a stem-forming region of box B, tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala) genes and several variable blocks. The differences in the variable regions were mostly due to insertions and/or deletions of nucleotide blocks. The intragenomic heterogeneity of ITS1 was brought about by different combinations of variable blocks, which possibly have resulted from recombination and horizontal transfer. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Russian Res Inst Phytopathol, Moscow 143080, Russia. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Troitsky, AV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM tav@genebee.msu.su FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-1712.2003.4] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 239 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.08.010 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 860CS UT WOS:000224317000003 PM 15451096 ER PT J AU Murano, EA AF Murano, EA TI Making codex more effective SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Murano, EA (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 58 IS 10 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 863EG UT WOS:000224543000015 ER PT J AU Mmbaga, MT Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS Mmbaga, NC AF Mmbaga, MT Klopfenstein, NB Kim, MS Mmbaga, NC TI PCR-based identification of Erysiphe pulchra and Phyllactinia guttata from Cornus florida using ITS-specific primers SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY INOCULUM; POWDERY MILDEW; SURVIVAL; DOGWOOD AB The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA and the intervening 5.8S rRNA gene for the powdery mildew fungi Erysiphe (sect. Microsphaera) pulchra and Phyllactinia guttata were amplified using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols and the universal primer pairs, ITS1 and ITS4. PCR products for ITS were analysed by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel and sequenced. The size of the amplified ITS products (approximately 650 bp) were not sufficiently different to allow reliable differentiation of E. pulchra and P. guttata; however, their sequences were distinct. Specific primers for E. pulchra and P. guttata were developed and evaluated for use as diagnostic tools. The diagnostic band size from E. pulchra-specific primer pair was 568 bp while the P. guttata band was 597 bp; the two primer pairs were highly specific to E. pulchra and P, guttata. Comparison of ITS sequences with information in the GenBank showed a very close similarity between sequences of E. pulchra isolates from Cornus florida in the USA and isolates collected on Cornus kousa in Japan. BLAST analysis of the sequence of the 650-bp band from P. guttata revealed a close alignment with sequences of P. moricola (92%), P. kakicola (94%), and P. fraxini (92%). The sequence of P. guttata in C. florida also had a 98% identity with P. guttata in Calycanthus occidentalis and 94% identity with P. guttata in Corylus cornuta. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Nursery Crop Res Stn, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Mmbaga, MT (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Nursery Crop Res Stn, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. EM mmmbaga@tnstate.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00374.x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865MC UT WOS:000224706200004 ER PT J AU Michael, JH Wiedenbeck, JK AF Michael, JH Wiedenbeck, JK TI Safety in the wood products industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Forest Resources Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. RP Michael, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, Forest Resources Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 10 BP 8 EP 18 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 865SD UT WOS:000224722200005 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, M Buehlmann, U Schuler, A Christianson, R AF Bumgardner, M Buehlmann, U Schuler, A Christianson, R TI Domestic competitiveness in secondary wood industries SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As imports capture a substantial portion of the domestic wood furniture market, there is much speculation and concern as to the future of this and related industries. This study sought to obtain an industry perspective of trends in domestic manufacturing and importing, and to identify factors that might enhance domestic competitiveness. A mail survey was conducted between August and November of 2002 involving manufacturers in three secondary industry sectors and in two employment size categories randomly selected from the distribution list of a major wood products trade publication. Results indicate that perspectives as to the current and future state of the domestic industry differ by firm type and firm size, as do some opinions on ways to enhance the competitive situation of domestic manufacturers. This information can be used to assess the import pressures specific sectors and company sizes are experiencing and to develop plans for survival in an increasingly global marketplace. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Wood & Wood Prod Magazine, Lincolnshire, IL USA. RP Bumgardner, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 10 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 865SD UT WOS:000224722200006 ER PT J AU Akbulut, T Kartal, SN Green, F AF Akbulut, T Kartal, SN Green, F TI Fiberboards treated with N '-N-(1, 8-Naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA-Na), borax, and boric acid SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD; WHITE CYPRESS PINE; WOOD; DECAY; DURABILITY; RESISTANCE AB This paper reports on the physical and mechanical properties and decay and termite resistance of fiberboard panels made from pine and beech treated with N'-N-(1, 8-Naphthalyl) hydroxylamine sodium salt (NHA-Na), borax, and boric acid at varying loadings. The panels were manufactured using 10 percent urea-formaldehyde resin and 1 percent NH4Cl. Mechanical and physical tests demonstrated no statistically significant reduction in modulus of rupture of specimens treated with borax + NHA-Na compared to untreated control specimens. Similar results were obtained for modulus of elasticity for all treatments at concentrations of 1 percent and lower. Internal bond values of treated specimens were somewhat reduced in comparison with values of control specimens, but higher than DIN EN 622-5 standards for medium density fiberboard. Treated specimens showed increased resistance against the decay fungi Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor and the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. For individual treatments, specimens treated with borax and boric acid showed lower weight loss compared to specimens treated with NHA-Na alone. The possible synergy of borax + NHA-Na resulted in low water absorption, high modulus of elasticity, and increased resistance to decay and termites. C1 Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Istanbul, Turkey. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Akbulut, T (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, Istanbul, Turkey. RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 10 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 865SD UT WOS:000224722200012 ER PT J AU Garber-Yonts, B Kerkvliet, J Johnson, R AF Garber-Yonts, B Kerkvliet, J Johnson, R TI Public values for biodiversity conservation policies in the Oregon Coast Range SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE choice experiment; conjoint analysis; ecosystem management; willingness to pay; Oregon forests ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WELFARE EVALUATIONS; SPOTTED OWL; REFERENDUM AB This study uses a choice experiment framework to estimate Oregonians' willingness to pay (WTP) for changes in levels of biodiversity protection under different conservation programs in the Oregon Coast Range. We present biodiversity policy as an amalgam of four different conservation programs: salmon and aquatic habitat conservation, forest age-class management, endangered species protection, and large-scale conservation reserves. The results indicate substantial support for biodiversity protection, but significant differences in WTP across programs. Oregonians indicate the highest WTP for increasing the amount of forest devoted to achieving old-growth characteristics. On average, respondents indicate an annual household WTP of $380 to increase old-growth forests from 5% to 35% of the age-class distribution. Conversely, WTP for increasing conservation reserves peaks at $45 annually to double the current level to 20% of the landscape, whereas WTP is negative for any increase over 32%. We also find resistance to any change in conservation policy, which substantially offsets WTP for increases in all four conservation programs. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Garber-Yonts, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Brian.Garber-Yonts@orst.edu; Joe.Kerkvliet@orst.edu; Rebecca.Johnson@orst.edu NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 589 EP 602 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100003 ER PT J AU Fan, ZF Lee, SS Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR AF Fan, ZF Lee, SS Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR TI Simulating the effect of landscape size and age structure on cavity tree density using a resampling technique SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE regression; bootstrap; relative error; Missouri ID OLD-GROWTH; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; BASAL AREA; FORESTS; YIELD AB Cavity-tree density (CTD) is an important indicator of habitat quality for cavity-dependent wildlife. However, the abundance of cavities and cavity trees can vary dramatically, even among trees or stands with similar attributes. This uncertainty can make it difficult to expand stand-level estimates of cavity abundance to large landscapes, although it is often desirable to do so. This limits the utility of CTD as a measure of habitat quality. We use a resampling method (statistical bootstrap) to construct a set of regression models to predict CTD based on landscape age structure and landscape size. The estimated regression coefficients are highly variable (in terms of the adjusted R(2) and root mean square error) for landscapes <100 ha, but the models perform well for larger landscapes. We test the regression models using an independent data set from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) and find that the mean relative error (RE) when predicting CTD for landscapes between 300 and 4,000 ha is less than 10%. Both the size (in hectares) of the landscape and the stand age-class components affect RE; but RE decreases with increasing landscape size in a consistent and quantifiable manner. For Ozark landscapes greater than or equal to100 ha, knowledge of the proportion of the area in the seedling/sapling, pole, sawtimber, and old-growth age classes can be used to readily estimate the number of cavity trees and how that number will change if the landscape age structure is altered. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Coll Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Sta, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Fan, ZF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM fanzha@missouri.edu; stevel@uidaho.edu; sshifley@fs.fed.us; frthompson@fs.fed.us; larsendr@missouri.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100004 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW Peterson, H Allwine, G Lamb, B Strand, T Holsten, EH Shea, PJ AF Thistle, HW Peterson, H Allwine, G Lamb, B Strand, T Holsten, EH Shea, PJ TI Surrogate pheromone plumes in three forest trunk spaces: Composite statistics and case studies SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE in-canopy dispersion; bark beetle; dispersion fields ID FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; SAMPLING RANGE; PINE-BEETLE; DISPERSION; TRACER; CANOPY; MODEL; ORIENTATION; ATTRACTION AB An atmospheric tracer gas was used as a pheromone surrogate to study near-field canopy dispersion within the trunk space. The objective is to improve guidance for forest managers deploying bark beetle antiaggregation pheromone sources to protect high-value forest stands. Data are shown from field studies in three forest canopies (oak-hickory, Quercus-Carya; lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.; and ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and include over 13,000 chemical tracer samples compiled into half-hour dispersion fields around a point source. Maximum normalized concentrations (chi/Q) at each arc distance for each sampling period were of similar order at 5 m from the tracer source in the three canopies, although the differences in maximum chi/Q between canopies increased with distance from the source. Plume dilution was highest in this study in the more open ponderosa pine canopy. A high-frequency tracer gas analyzer was also deployed to ascertain the structure of the gas plumes at 1 Hz. The high-frequency tracer data showed that the 30-minute average mean plumes are composites of narrow filamentous plumes. The near-field plumes in each canopy were strongly affected by changes in atmospheric stability, as wander range and meander frequency increased after the morning transition to an unstable boundary layer. C1 US Forest Serv, FHTET, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Montana Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thistle, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, FHTET, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hthistle@fs.fed.us; hpeterson@mtech.edu; blamb@wsu.edu; eholsten@fs.fed.us; pjshea@davis.com NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 610 EP 625 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100005 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Williams, MS AF Johnson, DS Williams, MS TI Some theory for the application of the moving average estimator in forest surveys SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE panel surveys; moving average; variance estimator ID SAMPLING DESIGNS; INVENTORY SYSTEM; IMPUTATION; RESOURCES AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and National Resources Inventory programs are two examples of large-scale survey programs that are in the process of moving from periodic surveys, where data for an area are collected once every 10-15 Years, to annual surveys, where a smaller sample of the data is collected every year. Each yearly sample can be referred to as a panel, and yearly estimates can be made with the data in each panel. With the change from periodic to annual surveys, there has been a substantial amount of discussion related to combining the data from the individual panels into a single estimator with an acceptably small mean square error. Numerous methods, each with certain advantages and disadvantages, have been proposed and tested. Testing with FIA data suggests that, in terms of mean square error, the equally weighted moving average estimator is often as good as or better than other estimators when making estimates for individual counties or small groups of counties. This favorable performance is due to the relatively small sample sizes in these situations. One area of research that has not been addressed is the performance of the moving average estimator when the sampling design deviates from its original protocol. Factors that cannot be controlled, such as weather, budgets, and politics, can alter the original sampling design. The purpose of this article is to propose and derive estimators that accommodate these factors and give some guidelines on how to handle these situations when they occur. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mswilliams@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 672 EP 681 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 874SC UT WOS:000225369100009 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Yu, JJ Yu, JH AF Chang, PK Yu, JJ Yu, JH TI aflT, a MFS transporter-encoding gene located in the aflatoxin gene cluster, does not have a significant role in aflatoxin secretion SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; aflT; aflatoxin; MFS transporter; gene cluster; G-protein signaling ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; TOXIC COMPOUNDS; PATHWAY GENES; EFFLUX PUMP; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; FLAVUS; BINDING; CONVERSION AB The aflT gene resides between the polyketide synthase gene pksA and the P450 encoding cypA gene in the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. It is a single copy gene in the genome of A. parasiticus SRRC 2043 and SU-1 and was also found at the same relative position in the genome of Aspergillus flavus isolates. The predicted AFLT protein contained 14 transmembrane domains and had various degrees of the amino acid identity (34-56%) to fungal transporters belonging to the major facilitator superfamily. Targeted deletion of aflT in A. parasiticus SU-1 yielded transformants that were morphologically similar to SU-1. These aflT-deleted mutants produced and secreted aflatoxins comparable to the parental strain although key lost the production of the aflT transcript. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of aflT was controlled neither by the aflatoxin pathway-specific activator AFLR nor by the co-activator AFLJ, which differed from the regulation of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes pksA, nor1, ver1, and omtA. The FadA-dependent 6-protein signaling pathway previously shown to govern aflatoxin biosynthesis and sporulation plays a role in the regulation of aflT expression. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Inst Food Res, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 10 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.06.007 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 853OA UT WOS:000223835700002 PM 15341913 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Foley, ME Chen, ZX AF Gu, XY Foley, ME Chen, ZX TI A set of three genes regulates photoperiodic responses of flowering in rice (Oryza sativa) SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE critical daylength; flowering time; inheritance; photoperiodic sensitivity; rice ID CONTROLLING HEADING DATE; LONG-DAY; SENSITIVITY; LOCI; VARIETIES; REGION; TIME AB Differentiation in photoperiodic response of flowering has been key to the evolution and wide geographic distribution of rice, an essentially short-day plant. Crosses were made such that the hybrid F-1 plants flower later than the late-flowering parents to investigate the genetic basis underlying this differentiation. From initial experiments, three major genes for flowering time were identified from four naturally occurring variants under natural long-day conditions. An F-2-derived trigenic mutant line bred-true for a day-neutral response was selected and used as the recipient to synchronize the genetic background for the major genes. Experiments conducted under various daylengths indicated that these genes are responsible for photoperiodic sensitivity and the trihybrid has a critical daylength between 13.5 and 14 h. The three genes regulate photoperiodic responses qualitatively and quantitatively through complementary and other epistatic effects, respectively. The complementation suggests that the three genes act in a linear manner to repress the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phases under long daylengths. This set of genes also provides a model to understand the genetic mechanism underlying the elongated vegetative growth period in the F1 generation, which is usually an obstacle to the use of heterosis, and the selection for early maturation in rice breeding. C1 Yangzhou Univ, Coll Agr, Yangzhou 225008, Peoples R China. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM xingyou.gu@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 2004 VL 122 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1023/B:GENE.0000041003.12834.41 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 852QI UT WOS:000223771100003 PM 15609572 ER PT J AU Gustafson, JP McGuire, PE Qualset, CO AF Gustafson, JP McGuire, PE Qualset, CO TI Genomic resources: Moving wheat into the mainstream in plant genomics SO GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECOMBINATION RATES C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 583 EP 584 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.036731 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100002 ER PT J AU Lazo, GR Chao, S Hummel, DD Edwards, H Crossman, CC Lui, N Matthews, DE Carollo, VL Hane, DL You, FM Butler, GE Miller, RE Close, TJ Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Gustafson, JP Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Dilbirligi, M Randhawa, HS Gill, KS Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Mahmoud, AA Miftahudin Ma, XT Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, DO AF Lazo, GR Chao, S Hummel, DD Edwards, H Crossman, CC Lui, N Matthews, DE Carollo, VL Hane, DL You, FM Butler, GE Miller, RE Close, TJ Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Gustafson, JP Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Dilbirligi, M Randhawa, HS Gill, KS Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Mahmoud, AA Miftahudin Ma, XT Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, DO TI Development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): EST generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION RATES; COMMON WHEAT; DATABASE; CHROMOSOME; INDUCTION; GENOMES AB This report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). Accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat EST data set. Among the resources developed were the first extensive public wheat EST collection (113,220 ESTs). Described are protocols for sequencing, sequence processing, EST nomenclature, and the assembly of ESTs into contigs. These contigs plus singletons (unassembled ESTs) were used for selection of distinct sequence motif unigenes. Selected ESTs were rearrayed, validated by 5' and 3' sequencing, and amplified for probing a series of wheat aneuploid and deletion stocks. Images and data for all Southern hybridizations were deposited in databases and were used by the coordinators for each of the seven homoeologous chromosome groups to validate the mapping results. Results from this project have established the foundation for future developments in wheat genomics. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Anderson, DO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM oandersn@pw.usda.gov RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 32 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 14 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034777 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100003 PM 15514037 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Choi, DW Wanamaker, S Fenton, RD Chin, A Malatrasi, M Turuspekov, Y Walia, H Akhunov, ED Kianian, P Otto, C Simons, K Deal, KR Echenique, V Stamova, B Ross, K Butler, GE Strader, L Verhey, SD Johnson, R Altenbach, S Kothari, K Tanaka, C Shah, MM Laudencia-Chingeuanco, D Han, P Miller, RE Crossman, CC Chao, S Lazo, GR Klueva, N Gustafson, JP Kianian, SF Dubcovsky, J Walker-Simmons, MK Gill, KS Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Sorrells, ME McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Nguyen, HT Close, TJ AF Zhang, D Choi, DW Wanamaker, S Fenton, RD Chin, A Malatrasi, M Turuspekov, Y Walia, H Akhunov, ED Kianian, P Otto, C Simons, K Deal, KR Echenique, V Stamova, B Ross, K Butler, GE Strader, L Verhey, SD Johnson, R Altenbach, S Kothari, K Tanaka, C Shah, MM Laudencia-Chingeuanco, D Han, P Miller, RE Crossman, CC Chao, S Lazo, GR Klueva, N Gustafson, JP Kianian, SF Dubcovsky, J Walker-Simmons, MK Gill, KS Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Sorrells, ME McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Nguyen, HT Close, TJ TI Construction and evaluation of cDNA libraries for large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DRAFT SEQUENCE; DNA; ARABIDOPSIS; TRANSCRIPTS; DIVERSITY; GENES AB A total of 37 original cDNA libraries and 9 derivative libraries enriched for rare sequences were produced from Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), five other hexaploid wheat genotypes (Cheyenne, Brevor, TAM W101, BH1146, Butte 86), tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L.), diploid wheat (T. monococcum L.), and two other diploid members of the grass tribe Triticeae (Aegilops speltoides Tausch and Secale cereale L.). The emphasis in the choice of plant materials for library construction was reproductive development subjected to environmental factors that ultimately affect grain quality and yield, but roots and other tissues were also included. Partial cDNA expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were examined by various measures to assess the quality of these libraries. All ESTs were processed to remove cloning system sequences and contaminants and then assembled using CAP3. Following these processing steps, this assembly yielded 101,107 sequences derived from 89,043 clones, which defined 16,740 contigs and 33,213 singletons, a total of 49,953 "unigenes." Analysis of the distribution of these Unigenes among the libraries led to the conclusion that the enrichment methods were effective in reducing the most abundant unigenes and to the observation that the most diverse libraries were from tissues exposed to environmental stresses including heat, drought, salinity, or low temperature. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Close, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM timothy.close@ucr.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Turuspekov, Yerlan/C-3458-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Turuspekov, Yerlan/0000-0001-8590-1745; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 30 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 595 EP 608 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034785 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100004 PM 15514038 ER PT J AU Peng, JH Zadeh, H Lazo, GR Gustafson, JP Chao, S Anderson, OD Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Dilbirligi, M Sandhu, D Gill, KS Greene, RA Sorrells, AE Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Mahmoud, AA Miftahudin Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Lapitan, NLV AF Peng, JH Zadeh, H Lazo, GR Gustafson, JP Chao, S Anderson, OD Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Dilbirligi, M Sandhu, D Gill, KS Greene, RA Sorrells, AE Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Mahmoud, AA Miftahudin Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Lapitan, NLV TI Chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and Arabidopsis SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-GENETIC MAPS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DRAFT SEQUENCE; PHYSICAL MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; LOCI; GENERATION; REGIONS AB A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Titicum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and ID with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group I ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E less than or equal to e(-10)), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lapitan, NLV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 307 Univ Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nlapitan@lamar.colostate.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 62 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 609 EP 623 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034793 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100005 PM 15514039 ER PT J AU Conley, EJ Nduati, V Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Mesfin, A Trudeau-Spanjers, M Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Qi, LL Gill, BS Echalier, B Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dyorak, J Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Ma, XF Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Hossain, G Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sidhu, K Dijbirligi, M Gill, KS Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, JA AF Conley, EJ Nduati, V Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Mesfin, A Trudeau-Spanjers, M Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Qi, LL Gill, BS Echalier, B Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dyorak, J Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Ma, XF Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Hossain, G Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sidhu, K Dijbirligi, M Gill, KS Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Anderson, JA TI A 2600-locus chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 reveals interstitial gene-rich islands and colinearity with rice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL MAPS; RECOMBINATION RATES; DRAFT SEQUENCE; COMMON WHEAT; MAIZE GENOME; REGIONS; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; LOCATION; RETROTRANSPOSONS AB The complex hexaploid wheat genome offers many challenges for genomics research. Expressed sequence tags facilitate the analysis of gene-coding regions and provide a rich source of molecular markers for mapping and comparison with model organisms. The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density EST chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes to determine the distribution of ESTs, construct a consensus map of group 2 ESTs, investigate synteny, examine patterns of duplication, and assess the colinearity with rice of ESTs assigned to the group 2 consensus bin map. A total of 2600 loci generated from 1110 ESTs were mapped to group 2 chromosomes by Southern hybridization onto wheat aneuploid chromosome and deletion stocks. A consensus map was constructed of 552 ESTs mapping to more than one group 2 chromosome. Regions of high gene density in distal bins and low gene density in proximal bins were found. Two interstitial gene-rich islands flanked by relatively gene-poor regions on both the short and long arms and having good synteny with rice were discovered. The map locations of two ESTs indicated the possible presence of a small pericentric inversion on chromosome 2B. Wheat chromosome group 2 was shown to share synteneous blocks with rice chromosomes 4 and 7. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 625 EP 637 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034801 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100006 PM 15514040 ER PT J AU Munkvold, JD Greene, RA Bertmudez-Kandianis, CE La Rota, CM Edwards, H Sorrells, SF Dake, T Benscher, D Kantety, R Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Mifahudin Gustafson, JP Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Matthews, DE Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Anderson, JA Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Peng, JH Lapitan, N Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sandhu, D Erayman, M Gill, KS McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Sorrells, ME AF Munkvold, JD Greene, RA Bertmudez-Kandianis, CE La Rota, CM Edwards, H Sorrells, SF Dake, T Benscher, D Kantety, R Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Mifahudin Gustafson, JP Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Matthews, DE Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Anderson, JA Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Peng, JH Lapitan, N Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sandhu, D Erayman, M Gill, KS McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Sorrells, ME TI Group 3 chromosome bin maps of wheat and their relationship to rice chromosome 1 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-3; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; RECOMBINATION RATES; GENOME STRUCTURE; GENETIC-CONTROL; RFLP MARKERS; COMMON WHEAT; LOCATION AB The focus of this study was to analyze the content, distribution, and comparative genome relationships of 996 chromosome bin-mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) accounting for 2266 restriction fragments (loci) on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Of these loci, 634, 884, and 748 were mapped on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D, respectively. The individual chromosome bin maps revealed bins with a high density of mapped ESTs in the distal region and bins of low density in the proximal region of the chromosome arms, with the exception of 3DS and 3DL. These distributions were more localized on the higher-resolution group 3 consensus map with intermediate regions of high-mapped-EST density on both chromosome arms. Gene ontology (GO) classification of mapped ESTs was not significantly different for homoeologous group 3 chromosomes compared to the other groups. A combined analysis of the individual bin maps using 537 of the mapped ESTs revealed rearrangements between the group 3 chromosomes. Approximately 232 (44%) of the consensus mapped ESTs matched sequences on rice chromosome 1 and revealed large- and small-scale differences in gene order. Of the group 3 mapped EST unigenes similar to21 and 32% matched the Arabidopsis coding regions and proteins, respectively, but no chromosome-level gene order conservation was detected. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 64 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 9 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 639 EP 650 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034819 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100007 PM 15514041 ER PT J AU Miftahudin Ross, K Ma, XF Mahmoud, AA Layton, J Milla, MAR Chikmawati, T Ramalingam, J Feril, O Pathan, MS Momirovic, GS Kim, S Chema, Y Fang, P Haule, L Struxness, H Birkes, J Yaghoubian, C Skinner, R McAllister, J Nguyen, V Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, AJ Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Sorrells, ME Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Lazo, GR Chao, S Anderson, OD Gonzalez-Hernandez, J Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Nguyen, HT Gustafson, JP AF Miftahudin Ross, K Ma, XF Mahmoud, AA Layton, J Milla, MAR Chikmawati, T Ramalingam, J Feril, O Pathan, MS Momirovic, GS Kim, S Chema, Y Fang, P Haule, L Struxness, H Birkes, J Yaghoubian, C Skinner, R McAllister, J Nguyen, V Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, AJ Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Sorrells, ME Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Lazo, GR Chao, S Anderson, OD Gonzalez-Hernandez, J Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Nguyen, HT Gustafson, JP TI Analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BIN MAP; COMMON WHEAT; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-4; RECOMBINATION RATES; RICE; GENOME; EVOLUTION; TRANSLOCATIONS; ORGANIZATION AB A total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ESTs) from 26 Triticeae cDNA libraries, were mapped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. The 1918 EST loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D, respectively. This pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of EST mapping in all homoeologous groups, as reported elsewhere, that found the highest proportion of loci mapped to the B genome. Sixty-five percent of these 1918 loci mapped to the long arms of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, while 35% mapped to the short arms. The distal regions of chromosome arms showed higher numbers of loci than the proximal regions, with the exception of 4DL. This study confirmed the complex structure of chromosome 4A that contains two reciprocal translocations and two inversions, previously identified. An additional inversion in the centromeric region of 4A was revealed. A consensus map for homoeologous group 4 was developed from 119 ESTs unique to group 4. Forty-nine percent of these ESTs were found to be homoologous to sequences on rice chromosome 3, 12% had matches with sequences on other rice chromosomes, and 39% had no matches with rice sequences at all. Limited homology (only 26 of the 119 consensus ESTs) was found between wheat ESTs on homoeologous group 4 and the Arabidopsis genome. Forty-two percent of the homoeologous group 4 ESTs could be classified into functional categories on the basis of blastX searches against all protein databases. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Bogor 16144, Indonesia. Univ Belgrade, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, YU-11080 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Plant Genet Res Unit, 206 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missotiri.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Rodriguez, Miguel/L-7340-2014; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Rodriguez, Miguel/0000-0002-2640-5888; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 651 EP 663 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034827 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100008 PM 15514042 ER PT J AU Linkiewicz, AM Qi, LL Gill, BS Ratnasiri, A Echalier, B Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Miftahudin Gustafson, JP La Rota, CM Sorrells, ME Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sandhu, D Bondareva, SN Gill, KS Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Dubcovsky, J AF Linkiewicz, AM Qi, LL Gill, BS Ratnasiri, A Echalier, B Chao, S Lazo, GR Hummel, DD Anderson, OD Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Miftahudin Gustafson, JP La Rota, CM Sorrells, ME Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Sandhu, D Bondareva, SN Gill, KS Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Dubcovsky, J TI A 2500-locus bin map of wheat homoeologous group 5 provides insights on gene distribution and colinearity with rice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION RATES; PHYSICAL LOCATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENOME STRUCTURE; GRASS GENOMES; COMMON WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; REGION; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB We constructed high-density deletion bin maps of wheat chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, including 2338 loci mapped with 1052 EST probes and 217 previously mapped loci (total 2555 loci). This information was combined to construct a consensus chromosome bin map of group 5 including 24 bins. A relatively higher number of loci were mapped on chromosome 5B (38%) compared to 5A (34%) and 5D (28%). Differences in the levels of polymorphism among the three chromosomes were partially responsible for these differences. A higher number of duplicated loci was found on chromosome 5B (42%). Three times more loci were mapped on the long arms than on the short arms, and a significantly higher number of probes, loci, and duplicated loci were mapped on the distal halves than on the proximal halves of the chromosome arms. Good overall colinearity was observed among the three homoeologous group 5 chromosomes, except for the previously known 5AL/4AL translocation and a putative small pericentric inversion in chromosome 5A. Statistically significant colinearity was observed between low-copy-number ESTs from wheat homoeologous group 5 and rice chromosomes 12 (88 ESTs), 9 (72 ESTs), and 3 (84 ESTs). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 54 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 665 EP 676 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034835 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100009 PM 15514043 ER PT J AU Randhawa, HS Dilbirligi, M Sidhu, D Erayman, M Sandhu, D Bondareva, S Chao, S Lazo, GR Anderson, OD Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Echalier, B Qi, LL Gill, BS Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Endo, TR Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Gill, KS AF Randhawa, HS Dilbirligi, M Sidhu, D Erayman, M Sandhu, D Bondareva, S Chao, S Lazo, GR Anderson, OD Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Echalier, B Qi, LL Gill, BS Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Sorrells, ME Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Endo, TR Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Gill, KS TI Deletion mapping of homoeologous group 6-specific wheat expressed sequence tags SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-RICH REGIONS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PHYSICAL MAPS; RECOMBINATION RATES; GRASS GENOMES; COMMON WHEAT; RFLP MAP; CHROMOSOMES; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB To localize wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ESTs on chromosomes, 882 homoeologous group 6-specific ESTs were identified by physically mapping 7965 singletons from 37 cDNA libraries on 146 chromosome, arm, and sub-arm aneuploid and deletion stocks. The 882 ESTs were physically mapped to 25 regions (bins) flanked by 23 deletion breakpoints. Of the 5154 restriction fragments detected by 882 ESTs, 2043 (loci) were localized to group 6 chromosomes and 806 were mapped on other chromosome groups. The number of loci mapped was greatest on chromosome 6B and least on 6D. The 264 ESTs that detected orthologous loci on all three homoeologs using one restriction enzyme were used to construct a consensus physical map. The physical distribution of ESTs was uneven on chromosomes with a tendency toward higher densities in the distal halves of chromosome arms. About 43% of the wheat group 6 ESTs identified rice homologs upon comparisons of genome sequences. Fifty-eight percent of these ESTs were present on rice chromosome 2 and the remaining were on other rice chromosomes. Even within the group 6 bins, rice chromosomal blocks identified by 1-6 wheat ESTs were homologous to up to 11 rice chromosomes. These rice-block contigs were used to resolve the order of wheat ESTs within each bin. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gill, KS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 277 Johnson Hall,POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ksgill@wsu.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034843 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100010 PM 15514044 ER PT J AU Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Lazo, GR Hegstad, J Wentz, MJ Kianian, PMA Simons, K Gehlhar, S Rust, JL Syamala, RR Obeori, K Bhamidimarri, S Karunadharma, P Chao, S Anderson, OD Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Miftahudin Ross, K Gustafson, JP Radhawa, HS Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Greene, RA Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Sorrells, ME Feril, O Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Choi, DW Fenton, D Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Kianian, SF AF Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Lazo, GR Hegstad, J Wentz, MJ Kianian, PMA Simons, K Gehlhar, S Rust, JL Syamala, RR Obeori, K Bhamidimarri, S Karunadharma, P Chao, S Anderson, OD Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Miftahudin Ross, K Gustafson, JP Radhawa, HS Dilbirligi, M Gill, KS Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Greene, RA Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Sorrells, ME Feril, O Pathan, MS Nguyen, HT Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Conley, EJ Anderson, JA Choi, DW Fenton, D Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Kianian, SF TI A chromosome bin map of 2148 expressed sequence tag loci of wheat homoeologous group 7 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GENE-RICH REGIONS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PHYSICAL MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; LINKAGE MAPS; RECOMBINATION RATES; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; GENOMIC REGIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB The objectives of this study were to develop a high-density chromosome bin map of homoeologous group 7 in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), to identify gene distribution in these chromosomes, and to per-form comparative studies of wheat with rice and barley. We mapped 2148 loci from 919 EST clones onto group 7 chromosomes of wheat. In the majority of cases the numbers of loci were significantly lower in the centromeric regions and tended to increase in the distal regions. The level of duplicated loci in this group was 24% with most of these loci being localized toward the distal regions. One hundred nineteen EST probes that hybridized to three fragments and mapped to the three group 7 chromosomes were designated landmark probes and were used to construct a consensus homoeologous group 7 map. An additional 49 probes that mapped to 7AS, 7DS, and the ancestral translocated segment involving 7BS also were designated landmarks. Landmark probe orders and comparative maps of wheat, rice, and barley were produced on the basis of corresponding rice BAC/PAC and genetic markers that mapped on chromosomes 6 and 8 of rice. Identification of landmark ESTs and development of consensus maps may provide a framework of conserved coding regions predating the evolution of wheat genomes. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Kianian, SF (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM s.kianian@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 66 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034850 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100011 PM 15514045 ER PT J AU Qi, LL Echalier, B Chao, S Lazo, GR Butler, GE Anderson, OD Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Kantety, R La Rota, CM Munkvold, JD Sorrells, SF Sorrells, ME Dilbirligi, M Sidhu, D Erayman, M Randhawa, HS Sandhu, D Bondareva, SN Gill, KS Mahmoud, AA Ma, XF Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Conley, EJ Nduati, V Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Anderson, JA Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Pathan, MS Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Gill, BS AF Qi, LL Echalier, B Chao, S Lazo, GR Butler, GE Anderson, OD Akhunov, ED Dvorak, J Linkiewicz, AM Ratnasiri, A Dubcovsky, J Bermudez-Kandianis, CE Greene, RA Kantety, R La Rota, CM Munkvold, JD Sorrells, SF Sorrells, ME Dilbirligi, M Sidhu, D Erayman, M Randhawa, HS Sandhu, D Bondareva, SN Gill, KS Mahmoud, AA Ma, XF Miftahudin Gustafson, JP Conley, EJ Nduati, V Gonzalez-Hernandez, JL Anderson, JA Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Hossain, KG Kalavacharla, V Kianian, SF Pathan, MS Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Choi, DW Fenton, RD Close, TJ McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Gill, BS TI A chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; L EM THELL; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-6 CHROMOSOMES; PHYSICAL MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; LINKAGE MAP; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; LOW RECOMBINATION; DRAFT SEQUENCE AB Because of the huge size of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) genome of 17,300 Mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. Here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (EST) unigenes by Southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. Each EST detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. More loci were mapped in the B genome (5774) than in the A (5173) or D (5146) genomes. The EST density was significantly higher for the D genome than for the A or B. In general, EST density increased relative to the physical distance from the centromere. The majority of EST-dense regions are in the distal parts of chromosomes. Most of the agronomically important genes are located in EST-dense regions. The chromosome bin map of ESTs is a unique resource for SNP analysis, comparative mapping, structural and functional analysis, and polyploid evolution, as well as providing a framework for constructing a sequence-ready, BAC-contig map of the wheat genome. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsg@ksu.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 82 TC 263 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 35 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 168 IS 2 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.034868 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 870MW UT WOS:000225063100012 PM 15514046 ER PT J AU Clough, SJ Tuteja, JH Li, M Marek, LF Shoemaker, RC Vodkin, LO AF Clough, SJ Tuteja, JH Li, M Marek, LF Shoemaker, RC Vodkin, LO TI Features of a 103-kb gene-rich region in soybean include an inverted perfect repeat cluster of CHS genes comprising the I locus SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE chalcone synthase; gene duplication; gene silencing; gene-rich region; soybean; BAC ID SYNTHASE MULTIGENE FAMILY; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; ARP2/3 COMPLEX; GLYCINE-MAX; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; RESISTANCE GENE; PLANT DEFENSE; SEED COAT; EXPRESSION AB The I locus in soybean (Glycine max) corresponds to a region of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene duplications affecting seed pigmentation. We sequenced and annotated BAC clone 104J7, which harbors a dominant i(i) allele from Glycine max 'Williams 82', to gain insight into the genetic structure of this multigenic region in addition to examining its flanking regions. The 103-kb BAC encompasses a gene-rich region with 11 putatively expressed genes. In addition to six copies of CHS, these genes include: a geranylgeranyltransferase type II beta subunit (E.C.2.5.1.60), a beta-galactosidase, a putative spermine and (or) spermidine synthase (E.C.2.5.1.16), and an unknown expressed gene. Strikingly, sequencing data revealed that the 10.91-kb CHS1, CHS3, CHS4 cluster is present as a perfect inverted repeat separated by 5.87 kb. Contiguous arrangement of CHS paralogs could lead to folding into multiple secondary structures, hypothesized to induce deletions that have previously been shown to effect CHS expression. BAC104J7 also contains several gene fragments representing a cation/hydrogen exchanger, a 40S ribosomal protein, a CBL-interacting protein kinase, and the amino terminus of a subtilisin. Chimeric ESTs were identified that may represent read-through transcription from a flanking truncated gene into a CHS cluster, generating aberrant CHS RNA molecules that could play a role in CHS gene silencing. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vodkin, LO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM l-vodkin@uiuc.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 819 EP 831 DI 10.1139/G04-049 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867TC UT WOS:000224864100006 PM 15499396 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Fang, P Gustafson, JP AF Ma, XF Fang, P Gustafson, JP TI Polyploidization-induced genome variation in triticale SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; rye; polyploid; genome evolution; sequence elimination ID NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMPHIPLOIDS; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; ARABIDOPSIS ALLOTETRAPLOIDS; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; NUCLEOLAR DOMINANCE; HUBBARD POACEAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; WHEAT AB Polyploidization-induced genome variation in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) was investigated using both AFLP and RFLP analyses. The AFLP analyses were implemented with both EcoRI-MseI (E-M) and PstI-MseI (P-M) primer combinations, which, because of their relative differences in sensitivity to cytosine methylation, primarily amplify repetitive and low-copy sequences, respectively. The results showed that the genomic sequences in triticale involved a great degree of variation including both repetitive and low-copy sequences. The frequency of losing parental bands was much higher than the frequency of gaining novel bands, suggesting that sequence elimination might be a major force causing genome variation in triticale. In all cases, variation in E-M primer-amplified parental bands was more frequent in triticale than that using P-M primers, suggesting that repetitive sequences were more involved in variation than low-copy sequences. The data also showed that the wheat (Triticum spp.) genomes were relatively highly conserved in triticales, especially in octoploid triticales, whereas the rye (Secale cereale L.) genome consistently demonstrated a very high level of genomic sequence variation (68%-72%) regardless of the triticale ploidy levels or primers used. In addition, when a parental AFLP band was present in both wheat and rye, the tendency of the AFLP band to be present in triticale was much higher than when it was present in only one of the progenitors. Furthermore, the cDNA-probed RFLP analyses showed that over 97% of the wheat coding sequences were maintained in triticale, whereas only about 61.6% of the rye coding sequences were maintained, suggesting that the rye genome variation in triticale also involved a high degree of rye coding sequence changes. The data also suggested that concerted evolution might occur in the genomic sequences of triticale. In addition, the observed genome variation in wheat-rye addition lines was similar to that in triticale, suggesting that wheat-rye addition lines can be used to thoroughly study the genome evolution of polyploid triticale. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu RI Fang, PINGAN/A-2461-2009 NR 64 TC 64 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.1139/G04-051 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867TC UT WOS:000224864100008 PM 15499398 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Dixon, P Granger, C Grant, D Clark, L Doyle, JJ Shoemaker, RC AF Schlueter, JA Dixon, P Granger, C Grant, D Clark, L Doyle, JJ Shoemaker, RC TI Mining EST databases to resolve evolutionary events in major crop species SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE genome evolution; polyploidy; genome duplication; expressed sequence tag ID GENOME EVOLUTION; GENE DUPLICATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; TOMATO GENOME; LINKAGE MAPS; ACTIN GENES; RICE; MAIZE; POLYPLOIDY AB Using plant EST collections, we obtained 1392 potential gene duplicates across 8 plant species: Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Hordeum vulgare, Solanum tuberosum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago truncatula, and Glycine max. We estimated the synonymous and nonsynonymous distances between each gene pair and identified two to three mixtures of normal distributions corresponding to one to three rounds of genome duplication in each species. Within the Poaceae, we found a conserved duplication event among all four species that occurred approximately 50-60 million years ago (Mya); an event that probably occurred before the major radiation of the grasses. In the Solanaceae, we found evidence for a conserved duplication event approximately 50-52 Mya. A duplication in soybean occurred approximately 44 Mya and a duplication in Medicago about 58 Mya. Comparing synonymous and nonsynonymous distances allowed us to determine that most duplicate gene pairs are under purifying, negative selection. We calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients to provide us with a measure of how gene expression patterns have changed between duplicate pairs, and compared this across evolutionary distances. This analysis showed that some duplicates seemed to retain expression patterns between pairs, whereas others showed uncorrelated expression. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Interdept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Edwin O Smith High Sch, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu OI Schlueter, Jessica/0000-0002-6490-0580 NR 61 TC 206 Z9 219 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 868 EP 876 DI 10.1139/G04-047 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867TC UT WOS:000224864100011 PM 15499401 ER PT J AU Penning, BW Johal, GS McMullen, MD AF Penning, BW Johal, GS McMullen, MD TI A major suppressor of cell death, slm1, modifies the expression of the maize (Zea mays L.) lesion mimic mutation les23 SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE genetic background; quantitative trait locus; phenotype suppression; Mo20W; corn ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; DEFENSE; MUTANT; BARLEY; MARKERS; PROTEIN AB Disease lesion mimics provide an excellent biological system to study the genetic basis of cell death in plants. Many lesion mimics show variation in phenotype expression in different genetic backgrounds. Our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) modifying lesion mimic expression thereby identifying genetic modifiers of cell death. A recessive lesion mimic, les23, in a severe-expressing line was crossed to the maize inbred line Mo20W, a lesion-suppressing line, and an F-2 population was developed for QTL analysis. In addition to locating les23 to the short arm of chromosome 2, this analysis detected significant loci for modification of lesion expression. One highly significant locus was found on the long arm of chromosome 2. The Mo20W allele at this QTL significantly delayed initiation of the lesion phenotype and decreased the final lesion severity. Other QTL with lesser effect affected severity of lesion expression without affecting lesion initiation date. Our results demonstrate that dramatic change in lesion phenotype can be controlled by a single major QTL. The presumed function of this QTL in normal plants is to regulate some aspect of the cell death pathway underlying the les23 phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1139/G04-046 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867TC UT WOS:000224864100020 PM 15499410 ER PT J AU Ihara, N Takasuga, A Mizoshita, K Takeda, H Sugimoto, M Mizoguchi, Y Hirano, T Itoh, T Watanabe, T Reed, KM Snelling, WM Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y AF Ihara, N Takasuga, A Mizoshita, K Takeda, H Sugimoto, M Mizoguchi, Y Hirano, T Itoh, T Watanabe, T Reed, KM Snelling, WM Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y TI A comprehensive genetic map of the cattle genome based on 3802 microsatellites SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE CHONDRODYSPLASTIC DWARFISM; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; LIBRARY; REGIONS AB A microsatellite-based high-density genetic map facilitates for fine mapping of hereditary traits of interest, characterization of meiosis, and providing a foundation for physical map construction. Here, we developed a comprehensive genetic map on the basis of >880,000 genotypes across the USDA MARC cattle reference families with a potential genetic resolution of 0.8 cM at the 95% confidence level (similar to800 kb in the bovine genome). We incorporated 2325 microsatellites into the second-generation genetic map by linkage analysis based on sex-averaged two-point LOD scores (>3.0), of which 2293 were fine-mapped by multipoint linkage analysis. The new 3160-cM map comprised of 29 sex-averaged autosomal linkage groups and a sex-specific X-chromosome linkage group includes 3960 markers with 2389 positions, resulting in an average interval size of 1.4 cM. More than half (51%) of the total length of the map is covered with intervals of 2.0 cM or less, and the largest gap is a 10.2-cM interval on the X-linkage group. The new map should accelerate fine mapping and positional cloning of genes for genetic diseases and economically important traits in cattle, as well as related livestock species, such as sheep and goat. C1 Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. Cattle Breeding Dev Inst Kagoshima, Kagoshima 8998212, Japan. Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Dept Genet, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Natl Livestock Breeding Ctr, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. Livestock Improvement Assoc Japan Inc, Maebashi, Gumma 3510121, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Sugimoto, Y (reprint author), Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet, Fukushima 9618061, Japan. EM kazusugi@siag.or.jp NR 21 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 8 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 10A BP 1987 EP 1998 DI 10.1101/gr.2741704 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 861HE UT WOS:000224405900018 PM 15466297 ER PT J AU Sainer, J Crocoll, C AF Sainer, J Crocoll, C TI Health status of grandparents raising grandchildren: Priority research, programmatic initiatives, and policy issues SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookdale Fdn Grp, New York, NY 10022 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 SI 1 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 875YJ UT WOS:000225458800203 ER PT J AU Hollinger, DY Aber, J Dail, B Davidson, EA Goltz, SM Hughes, H Leclerc, MY Lee, JT Richardson, AD Rodrigues, C Scott, NA Achuatavarier, D Walsh, J AF Hollinger, DY Aber, J Dail, B Davidson, EA Goltz, SM Hughes, H Leclerc, MY Lee, JT Richardson, AD Rodrigues, C Scott, NA Achuatavarier, D Walsh, J TI Spatial and temporal variability in forest-atmosphere CO2 exchange SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; carbon exchange; eddy covariance; long-term measurements ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE SYSTEMS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; BOREAL FOREST; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-LAYER; SOIL AB Seven years of carbon dioxide flux measurements indicate that a similar to90-year-old spruce dominated forest in Maine, USA, has been sequestering 174+/-46 g C m(-2) yr(-1) (mean+/-1 standard deviation, nocturnal friction velocity (u(*)) threshold >0.25 m s(-1)). An analysis of monthly flux anomalies showed that above-average spring and fall temperatures were significantly correlated with greater monthly C uptake while above-average summer temperatures were correlated with decreased net C uptake. Summer months with significantly drier or wetter soils than normal were also characterized by lower rates of C uptake. Years with above-average C storage were thus typically characterized by warmer than average spring and fall temperatures and adequate summer soil moisture. Environmental and forest-atmosphere flux data recorded from a second tower surrounded by similar forest, but sufficiently distant that flux source regions ('footprints'), did not overlap significantly showed almost identical temperature and solar radiation conditions, but some differences in energy partitioning could be seen. Half-hourly as well as integrated (annual) C exchange values recorded at the separate towers were very similar, with average annual net C uptake differing between the two towers by <6%. Interannual variability in net C exchange was found to be much greater than between tower variability. Simultaneous measurements from two towers were used to estimate flux data uncertainty from a single tower. Carbon-flux model parameters derived independently from each flux tower data set were not significantly different, demonstrating that flux towers can provide a robust method for establishing C exchange model parameters. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Athens, GA 30223 USA. RP Hollinger, DY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM dhollinger@fs.fed.us RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 49 TC 205 Z9 216 U1 6 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1689 EP 1706 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00847.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859WB UT WOS:000224297500007 ER PT J AU Wilmking, M Juday, GP Barber, VA Zald, HSJ AF Wilmking, M Juday, GP Barber, VA Zald, HSJ TI Recent climate warming forces contrasting growth responses of white spruce at treeline in Alaska through temperature thresholds SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; carbon uptake; climate change; cluster analysis; dendrochronology; threshold effects; treeline; white spruce ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOREAL CONIFERS; INTERIOR ALASKA; GLOBAL CLIMATE; TUNDRA ECOTONE; VEGETATION; RECONSTRUCTION; 20TH-CENTURY; FLUCTUATIONS AB Northern and high-latitude alpine treelines are generally thought to be limited by available warmth. Most studies of tree-growth-climate interaction at treeline as well as climate reconstructions using dendrochronology report positive growth response of treeline trees to warmer temperatures. However, population-wide responses of treeline trees to climate remain largely unexamined. We systematically sampled 1558 white spruce at 13 treeline sites in the Brooks Range and Alaska Range. Our findings of both positive and negative growth responses to climate warming at treeline challenge the widespread assumption that arctic treeline trees grow better with warming climate. High mean temperatures in July decreased the growth of 40% of white spruce at treeline areas in Alaska, whereas warm springs enhance growth of additional 36% of trees and 24% show no significant correlation with climate. Even though these opposing growth responses are present in all sampled sites, their relative proportion varies between sites and there is no overall clear relationship between growth response and landscape position within a site. Growth increases and decreases appear in our sample above specific temperature index values (temperature thresholds), which occurred more frequently in the late 20th century. Contrary to previous findings, temperature explained more variability in radial growth after 1950. Without accounting for these opposite responses and temperature thresholds, climate reconstructions based on ring width will miscalibrate past climate, and biogeochemical and dynamic vegetation models will overestimate carbon uptake and treeline advance under future warming scenarios. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Wilmking, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftmw@uaf.edu NR 39 TC 228 Z9 250 U1 10 U2 99 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1724 EP 1736 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00826.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859WB UT WOS:000224297500009 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Morris, CF Goins, EW AF Ziska, LH Morris, CF Goins, EW TI Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of selected wheat varieties released since 1903 to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: can yield sensitivity to carbon dioxide be a factor in wheat performance? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding; carbon dioxide; Chris; grain quality; Marquis; Oxen; protein; seed yield; Thatcher; wheat ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; GRAIN QUALITY; SPRING WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PLANTS; PERSPECTIVE; CULTIVARS; GRADIENT AB The sensitivity of yield and quality parameters to carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] was determined for individual lines of hard-red spring wheat released in 1903, 1921, 1965 and 1996. All cultivars were evaluated with respect to growth and vegetative characteristics, grain yield and nutritional quality in response to [CO2] increases that corresponded roughly to the CO2 concentrations at the beginning of the 20th century, the current [CO2], and the future projected [CO2] for the end of the 21st century, respectively. Leaf area ratio (cm(2) g(-1)) declined and net assimilation rate (g m(2) day(-1)) increased in response to increasing [CO2] for all cultivars during early vegetative growth. By maturity, vegetative growth of all cultivars significantly increased with the increase in [CO2]. Seed yield increased significantly as [CO2] increased, with yield sensitivity to rising [CO2] inversely proportional to the year of cultivar release. Greater [CO2] yield sensitivity in older cultivars was associated with whole-plant characteristics such as increased tillering and panicle formation. Grain and flour protein, however, declined significantly with increasing [CO2] and with year of release for all cultivars, although absolute values were higher for the older cultivars. Overall, these data indicate that yield response at the whole-plant level to recent and projected increases in [CO2] has declined with the release of newer cultivars, as has protein content of grain and flour. However, if agronomic practice can be adapted to maximize individual plant performance, [CO2] responsive characteristics of older cultivars could, potentially, be incorporated as factors in future wheat selection. C1 ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1810 EP 1819 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00840.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859WB UT WOS:000224297500015 ER PT J AU Freyre, R Griesbach, RJ AF Freyre, R Griesbach, RJ TI Inheritance of flower color in Anagallis monelli L. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Primulaceae; anthocyanins; flavonoids ID PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; GENETIC-CONTROL; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; ANTHOCYANIN; PRIMULACEAE; FLAVONOIDS; CELLS AB Plants of Anagallis monelli in their native habitat or in cultivation have either blue or orange flowers. Clonally propagated cultivars, seed obtained from commercial sources and the resulting plants were grown in a greenhouse at the University of New Hampshire. F-2 progeny obtained from hybridization between blue- and orange-flowered plants had blue, orange or red flowers. There were no significant differences in petal pH of orange-, blue-, and red-flowered plants that could explain the differences in flower color. Anthocyanidins were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated that blue color was due to malvidin, orange to pelargonidin, and red to delphinidin. Based on our segregation data, we propose a three-gene model to explain flower color inheritance in this species. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plant Res, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Freyre, R (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, G36 Spaulding Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rf@unh.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1223 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900014 ER PT J AU Elias, TS Pooler, MR AF Elias, TS Pooler, MR TI The identity of the African firebush (Hamelia) in the ornamental nursery trade SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; AFLP; Rubiaceae; scarlet bush; taxonomy; tropical shrub ID AFLP AB The neotropical shrub Hamelia patens Jacq. has been cultivated as an ornamental in the United States, Great Britain, and South Africa for many years, although only in limited numbers and as a minor element in the trade. Recently, other taxa of Hamelia have been grown and evaluated as new flowering shrubs. The relatively recent introduction of a superior ornamental taxon of Hamelia, called the african firebush, has propelled this genus to greater prominence as an excellent small flowering shrub or container plant, especially throughout the southeastern United States and in other countries such as South Africa. Initially, this firebush was sold as an African plant. Data from field studies, herbarium specimens, and from DNA analysis of several taxa and populations of Hamelia show that the african firebush in southern Florida may have originated from populations of H. patens var. glabra native to southern Mexico. The original plants were taken to Europe, southern Africa, and southeastern Asia probably in the middle to late 1800s and then recently reintroduced to New World markets as a new African ornamental plant. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Elias, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1224 EP 1226 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900015 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC Nyczepir, AP AF Wood, BW Reilly, CC Nyczepir, AP TI Mouse-ear of pecan: A nickel deficiency SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient disorder; zinc toxicity; flowering; profit; yields; stress; growth; micronutrients ID HIGHER-PLANTS AB Mouse-ear (ME) is a potentially severe anomalous growth disorder affecting pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees. It is especially severe in second generation sites throughout much of the Gulf Coast Coastal Plain of the southeastern U.S., but can also occur in potted nursery trees. Orchard and greenhouse studies on trees treated with either Cu or Ni indicated that foliar applied Ni corrects ME. ME symptoms were prevented, in both orchard and greenhouse trees, by a single mid-October foliar spray of Ni (nickel sulfate), whereas nontreated control trees exhibited severe ME. Similarly, post budbreak spring spray applications of Ni to foliage of shoots of orchard trees exhibiting severe ME prevented ME symptoms on subsequent growth, but did not correct morpological distortions of foliage developed before Ni treatment. Foliar application of Cu in mid-October to greenhouse seedling trees increased ME severity the following spring. Post budbreak application of Ni to these Cu treated MEed seedling trees prevented ME symptoms in post Ni application growth, but did not alter morphology of foliage exhibiting ME before Ni treatment. Thus, high leaf Cu concentrations appear to be capable of disrupting Ni dependent physiological processes. Foliar application of Ni to ME prone trees in mid-October or soon after budbreak, is an effective means of preventing or minimizing ME. These studies indicate that ME in pecan is due to a Ni deficiency at budbreak. It also supports the role of Ni as an essential plant nutrient element. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bwwood@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1238 EP 1242 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900019 ER PT J AU Carrera, LM Abdul-Baki, AA Teasdale, JR AF Carrera, LM Abdul-Baki, AA Teasdale, JR TI Cover crop management and weed suppression in no-tillage sweet corn production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zea mays var. 'Silver Queen'; hairy vetch; rye; mowing; rolling; herbicides; sustainable agriculture ID VETCH-RYE MIXTURE; KILL DATE; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NITROGEN; SOIL; SYSTEM; YIELD; WATER; MULCH AB Cover crops combined with conservation tillage practices can minimize chemical inputs and improve soil quality, soil water-holding capacity, weed suppression and crop yields. No-tillage production of sweet corn (Zea mays var. 'Silver Queen') was studied for 2 years at the USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Md., to determine cover crop management practices that maximize yield and suppress weeds. Cover crop treatments were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch mixture, and bare soil (no cover crop). There were three cover crop killing methods: mowing, rolling or contact herbicide paraquat. All plots were treated with or without atrazine and metolachlor after planting. There was a 23% reduction in sweet corn plant population in the rye-hairy vetch mixture compared to bare soil. Averaged over both years, sweet corn yield in hairy vetch treatments was 43% greater than in bare soil, whereas yield in the rye-hairy vetch mixture was 30% greater than in bare soil. There were no significant main effects of kill method or significant interactions between kill method and cover crop on yield. Sweet corn yields were not different for hairy vetch or rye-hairy vetch treatments with or without atrazine and metolachlor. However, yield in bare soil without the herbicides atrazine and metolachor were reduced by 63% compared to bare soil with these herbicides. When no atrazine and metolachlor were applied, weed biomass was reduced in cover crops compared to the bare soil. Regression analysis showed greater yield loss per unit of weed biomass for bare soil than for the vetch or rye-hairy vetch mixture. This analysis suggests that cover crops increased sweet corn yield in the absence of atrazine and metolachlor not only by reducing weed biomass, but also by increasing the competitiveness of corn to weeds at any given biomass. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carrera, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1266 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900025 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Greenhouse-grown transplants as an alternative to bare-root transplants for onion SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; artificial media; development; flats; inserts; maturity ID YIELD; AGE AB Commercially produced bare-root onion (Allium cepa L.) transplants may not be uniform in size and require a period following planting in which to begin regrowth. There is little information on how, when established in the field, plants developed from greenhouse grown onion transplants differ from those that develop from bare-root transplants. Development and yield for onions grown from bare-root transplants were compared to plants produced from transplants grown in single cells with volumes of 36 or 58 cm(3) in seedling production trays in a greenhouse. 'Texas Grano 1015Y' and 'Walla Walla' onions were established in the field with commercially available bare-root transplants or with greenhouse grown transplants produced in trays. Bare-root transplants were heavier than 8-week-old greenhouse grown transplants. Fresh weights of transplants produced in 58-cm(3) cells were heavier than those from 36-cm(3) cells, but dry weights were similar. From when about 20% of onion tops were broken over, onion bulb diameters did not increase sufficiently to justify delaying harvest until 50% of tops had broken over. Yields of 'Walla Walla' were better than those of 'Texas 1015 Y' and yields from plants developed from seedlings grown in 58-cm(3) cells were similar to those from plants developed from bare-root transplants and better than those from plants developed from seedlings grown in 36-cm(3) cells. Individual bulb weights of 'Texas 1015 Y' were not affected by transplant type and averaged 162 g. Individual bulbs for 'Walla Walla' from plants developed from bare-root transplants and those produced in 58-cm(3) cells were similar in weight (averaged 300 g) and were heavier than those from plants developed from transplants grown in 36-cm(3) cells (240 g). Greenhouse transplants produced in trays with the larger cells may provide an alternative to the use of bare-root transplants, if transplant production costs are comparable. C1 USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1271 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900026 ER PT J AU Parris, N Douds, DD Dickey, LC Moreau, RA Phillips, J AF Parris, N Douds, DD Dickey, LC Moreau, RA Phillips, J TI Effect of zein films on the growth of tomato plants and evaporative water loss SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonbiodegradable; black polyethylene sheathing; mulch; photodegradable; corn endosperm; corn gluten meal ID DRY-MILLED CORN; EXTRACTION; SOLUBILITY; PROTEINS AB Zein is an alcohol-soluble protein isolated from corn. The effect of ground cover films prepared from zein on the growth of tomato plants and corresponding evaporative water loss was investigated in greenhouse experiments. Results indicated that there was a decrease in water loss from the growth media for pots treated with zein films compared to the control (no film). There was an 11% increase height and 65% increase in dry weight of the treated plants relative to the control. In a second experiment, tomato plants mulched with zein isolates, low in free fatty acids (LFFA), exhibited an 18% increase in height and a 28% increase in dry weight compared to the control. Tomato plants treated with black polyethylene sheathing mulch were the tallest of the plants tested and had the greatest dry weight. Adding corn gluten meal directly to the soil surface resulted in tomato plants that were 26% taller and 29% heavier than those grown in untreated soil. Zein isolate films appear to be a viable ground cover replacement for polyethylene sheathing. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol R, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Off Area Director, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Parris, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM nparris@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1324 EP 1326 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900039 ER PT J AU Wall, MM AF Wall, MM TI Ripenmg behavior and quality of 'Brazilian' bananas following hot water immersion to disinfest surface insects SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; HEAT-TREATMENT; TEPHRITIDAE; ETHYLENE; PAPAYAS; SUGARS; HAWAII AB The fruit quality and ripening response of 'Brazilian' bananas (Musa sp., group AAB) were determined following hot water immersion treatments for surface disinfestation. Summer-harvested fruit were exposed to 47, 49, or 51 degreesC water for 10, 15 and 20 minutes and ripened at 20 degreesC. The summer experiment established the exposure time and temperature limits for fruit injury. Winter-harvested fruit were immersed in 48, 49, or 50 degreesC water for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, stored for 12 d at 14 degreesC, and ripened at 22 degreesC. The hot water exposure time had a greater effect than the water temperature on banana fruit ripening. Nontreated bananas ripened after 13 to 15 d, and ripening was delayed by 2 to 7 d when fruit were exposed for 15 or 20 minutes to hot water. Hot water treatments did not inhibit pulp softening, but peels tended to be firmer for bananas immersed in 49 to 51 degreesC water than control fruit. Heat-treated bananas were not different from control fruit in soluble solids content or titratable acidity, however the conversion of starch to sugars was reduced at higher temperatures and exposure times. Bananas exposed for 20 minutes to hot water had delayed respiratory peaks and ethylene production, especially at 51 degreesC. Mild peel injury was observed on fruit exposed to higher temperatures (49 to 51 degreesC) for longer durations (15 or 20 minutes). C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mwall@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1349 EP 1353 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900046 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Soil pasteurization and mycorrhizal inoculation alter flower production and corm composition of Brodiaea laxa "Queen Fabiola" SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glomus intraradices; arbuscular mycorrhizae; wild hyacinth ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; GROWTH; NITROGEN; ONION; FUNGI; PHOTOPERIOD; PHOSPHORUS; INFECTION; PLANTS AB The ornamental flowering bulb Brodiaea laxa Benth. 'Queen Fabiola' was grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum in pasteurized or nonpasteurized soil to determine if inoculation altered flower and corm production. The first growing cycle after planting, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased the days to anthesis and increased the number of flowers produced per inflorescence and flower longevity. It also affected the quality of the daughter corm, which influenced flowering the following year. Inoculated plants produced larger daughter corms and more cormels than uninoculated plants, and allocated more biomass to the corms than the cormels, which lowered the average weight of the cormels. Corms produced by inoculated plants also had higher concentration of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and nonreducing sugars than those produced by uninoculated plants. The beneficial effects of AMF inoculation on flowering and corm/cormel production were generally increased by soil pasteurization. The results indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation may enhance commercial cut flower and corm production of this crop. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1437 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900065 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, B Strik, BC Moore, PP AF Finn, CE Yorgey, B Strik, BC Moore, PP TI 'Tillamook' and 'Pinnacle' Strawberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xatianassa; fruit breeding; short day; June bearing C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1489 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 861LL UT WOS:000224417900076 ER PT J AU Harrison, HE Jackson, DM Keinath, AP Marino, PC Pullaro, T AF Harrison, HE Jackson, DM Keinath, AP Marino, PC Pullaro, T TI Broccoli production in cowpea, soybean,and velvetbean cover crop mulches SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; Vigna unguiculata; Glycine max; Mucuna pruriens; weed suppression; sustainable agriculture; no-tillage ID WEED-CONTROL AB Fall transplanted 'Commander' broccoli (Brassica oleracea Botrytis group) yield in mulches formed from the residues of killed cowpea (Vigna unquiculata), soybean (Glycine max), and velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cover crops was compared to yield in conventional production on bare soil. Average aboveground biomass production was 6.9, 7.7, and 5.9 t.ha(-1) (3.08, 3.43, and 2.63 tons/acre) and total nitrogen content of the aboveground tissues was 2.9%, 2.8%, and 2.7% of the dry weight for cowpea, soybean, and velvetbean, respectively. Within each cover crop mulch main plot, subplots received different nitrogen rates, [0, 84.1, or 168.1 kg.ha(-1) (0, 75, or 150 lb/acre)]. For several nitrogen level x year comparisons, broccoli grown in mulched plots yielded higher than broccoli grown on bare soil plots. Cowpea and soybean mulches promoted broccoli growth more than velvetbean mulch. The mulches of all three species persisted through the growing season and suppressed annual weeds. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. RP Harrison, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM hharrison@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 484 EP 487 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 893FG UT WOS:000226704100004 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML Watkins, MA Tang, J Wang, S AF Hansen, JD Drake, SR Heidt, ML Watkins, MA Tang, J Wang, S TI Radio frequency treatments for postharvest codling moth control in fresh apples SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; heat treatment; quarantine ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; CHERRIES; WAVES; FRUIT AB Efficacy of using radio frequency (R.F) at 27.12 MHz was evaluated as a postharvest quarantine treatment against fifth instars of the codling moth [ Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], in apples (Malus sylvestris). Tests under the given conditions demonstrated that the energy fields between the RT unit's electrodes were neither predictable nor uniform. Moving fruit submerged in water during RF exposure may improve uniformity, but pulp temperatures varied considerably among fruit, among sites on the same fruit, and at different depths within the same site. As a result of these inconsistencies' quarantine efficacy was not obtained either using a range of final average temperatures from 40 to 68 degreesC (104.0 to 154.4 degreesF) or at holding times up to 20 minutes. We concluded it would be difficult to obtain the appropriate parameters for treatment efficacy and fruit quality maintenance using this technology under these conditions. C1 USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 533 EP 537 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 893FG UT WOS:000226704100014 ER PT J AU Reilly, CC Taylor, KC Hotchkiss, MW AF Reilly, CC Taylor, KC Hotchkiss, MW TI A comparison of airblast and air assisted rotary atomizer spray technologies in peach production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE controlled; droplet atomizer; disease and pest control; off-target spray movement; pesticide application; pesticide drift; Proptec; Prunus persica; sprayer ID TREES; FRUIT AB Pesticide application in peach (Prunus persica) orchards with a commercial airblast sprayer was compared to that of an air assisted rotary atomizer (AARA), low-volume sprayer during the 2000 through 2003 seasons. The two technologies were employed during early season petal fall applications, shuck split applications and standard cover sprays using phosmet, sulfur, propiconazole, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin and captan. Ripe fruit, picked I day prior to first harvest each season were rated for peach scab (Cladosparium carpophilum), brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), insect (Hemipteran) damage (cat facing), and blemishes. Differences in brown rot, insect damage, and blemish ratings were not detected between the treatments for each of the four seasons. Differences were detected during the 2000 and 2001 seasons for peach scab, with the AARA sprayer plots having a higher incidence. Spray coverage was quantitatively evaluated with Rhodamine B dye by leaf rinses that indicated there was equivalent coverage for each application method. Phosmet residue detection on trees of the treated rows was also equivalent from each method. Phosmet off-target spray movement (drift) was reduced 59% one row away from the treated row and 93% in the fifth row from the treated row by the AARA sprayer compared to airblast sprayer drift. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Byron, GA 31008 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Taylor, KC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM kctaylor@uga.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 893FG UT WOS:000226704100019 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Warren, ML Haag, WR AF Adams, SB Warren, ML Haag, WR TI Spatial and temporal patterns in fish assemblages of upper coastal plain streams, Mississippi, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fish; stream; warmwater; spatio-temporal variation; assemblage structure; habitat degradation ID ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WARMWATER STREAMS; CHANNEL INCISION; HABITATS; RIVER; REHABILITATION; ORGANIZATION; STABILITY AB We assessed spatial, seasonal, and annual variation in fish assemblages over 17 months in three small- to medium-sized, incised streams characteristic of northwestern Mississippi streams. We sampled 17 962 fish representing 52 species and compared assemblages within and among streams. Although annual and seasonal variability in assemblage structure was high, fish assemblages maintained characteristics unique to each stream. High variability in fish catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was exemplified in one site where total CPUE increased an order of magnitude from July 1993 to 1994. Species turnover and percent dissimilarity were often higher seasonally than annually, consistent with a period of change in spring to early summer and a return to similar species compositions between summers. Temporal variability was also high at the individual species level, and no species were classified as 'stable'. We found little evidence for correlation between changes in fish assemblage structure and measured habitat conditions. The fish characteristics fit the pro. le of 'colonizing assemblages', which probably resulted from both natural and anthropogenic causes. Flashy hydrographs, created in part by stream channelization and incision and watershed deforestation, may play a large role in structuring these fish assemblages. Extreme interannual variability in assemblages in the absence of detectable habitat change has important implications for the statistical power of fish monitoring programs designed to detect trends in fish assemblages over time. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sadams01@fs.fed.us RI Adams, Susan/C-3559-2008 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 528 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s10750-004-1659-7 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 865SR UT WOS:000224723600004 ER PT J AU Entekhabi, D Njoku, EG Houser, P Spencer, M Doiron, T Kim, YJ Smith, J Girard, R Belair, S Crow, W Jackson, TJ Kerr, YH Kimball, JS Koster, R McDonald, KC O'Neill, PE Pultz, T Running, SW Shi, JC Wood, E van Zyl, J AF Entekhabi, D Njoku, EG Houser, P Spencer, M Doiron, T Kim, YJ Smith, J Girard, R Belair, S Crow, W Jackson, TJ Kerr, YH Kimball, JS Koster, R McDonald, KC O'Neill, PE Pultz, T Running, SW Shi, JC Wood, E van Zyl, J TI The hydrosphere state (Hydros) satellite mission: An earth system pathfinder for global mapping of soil moisture and land freeze/thaw SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE land freeze/thaw; microwave remote sensing; satellites; soil moisture ID SPRUCE/MOSS BOREAL FOREST; DATA ASSIMILATION; WATER-CONTENT; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; CARBON BALANCE; RADAR; SAR; SCATTEROMETER; SENSITIVITY AB The Hydrosphere State Mission (Hydros) is a pathfinder mission in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP). The objective of the mission is to provide exploratory global measurements of the earth's soil moisture at 10-km resolution with two- to three-days revisit and land-surface freeze/thaw conditions at 3-km resolution with one- to two-days revisit. The, mission builds on the heritage of ground-based and airborne passive and active low-frequency microwave measurements that have demonstrated and validated the effectiveness of the measurements and associated algorithms for estimating the amount and phase (frozen or thawed) of surface soil moisture. The mission data will enable advances in weather and climate prediction and in mapping processes that link the water, energy, and carbon cycles. The Hydros instrument is a combined radar and radiometer system operating at 1.26 GHz (with VV, HH, and HV polarizations) and 1.41 GHz (with H, V, and U polarizations), respectively. The radar and the radiometer share the aperture of a 6-m antenna with a look-angle of 39degrees with respect to nadir. The lightweight deployable mesh antenna is rotated at 14.6 rpm to provide a constant look-angle scan across a swath width of 1000 km. The wide swath provides global coverage that meet the revisit requirements. The radiometer measurements allow retrieval of soil moisture in diverse (nonforested) landscapes with a resolution of 40 km. The radar measurements allow the retrieval of soil moisture at relatively high resolution (3 km). The mission includes combined radar/radiometer data products that will use the synergy of the two sensors to deliver enhanced-quality 10-km resolution soil moisture estimates. In this paper, the science requirements and their traceability to the instrument design are outlined. A review of the underlying measurement physics and key instrument performance parameters are also presented. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H98 1J3, Canada. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Etudes Spatiales Biosphere, F-31401 Toulouse 09, France. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Natl Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Entekhabi, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM darae@mit.edu RI Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 53 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2195 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834631 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 863ZP UT WOS:000224602600018 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Liu, Q Pesce, J Anthony, RM Lamb, E Whitmire, J Hamed, H Morimoto, M Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, ZG Liu, Q Pesce, J Anthony, RM Lamb, E Whitmire, J Hamed, H Morimoto, M Urban, JF Gause, WC TI Requirements for the development of IL-4-producing T cells during intestinal nematode infections: what it takes to make a Th2 cell in vivo SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DENDRITIC CELLS; B-CELLS; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; OX40 LIGAND; IL-4 PRODUCTION; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; MAST-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL LEISHMANIASIS; INTERLEUKIN-12 PRODUCTION AB Components of the type 2 immune response may mediate host protection against both helminthic parasites and harmful allergic responses. A central player in this response is the T-helper 2 (Th2) effector cell, which produces interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and other Th2 cytokines during the primary and memory response. Specific aspects of the parasite that trigger Th2-cell differentiation are not yet defined. Furthermore, the cell types and cell surface and secreted molecules that provide the immune milieu required for the development of Th2 effector cells and also Th2 memory cells are not well understood. They will probably vary with the particular helminth or other antigen inducing the Th2 response. We have used third stage larvae of intestinal nematode parasites as adjuvants to promote naive nonparasite antigen-specific T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells. This model system avoids possible parasite antigen-specific T-cell clones or cross-reactive memory T cells that may preferentially differentiate into Th2 effector cells during the course of infection and confound the stereotypical components of parasite-induced Th2 cell differentiation. We have found that these parasites have a potent adjuvant effect and have used our model system to begin to investigate the events that lead to the development of polarized Th2 cells in vivo. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM wgause@usuhs.mil OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 107 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 201 BP 57 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00186.x PG 18 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 853ID UT WOS:000223819600006 PM 15361233 ER PT J AU Finkelman, FD Shea-Donohue, T Morris, SC Gildea, L Strait, R Madden, KB Schopf, L Urban, JF AF Finkelman, FD Shea-Donohue, T Morris, SC Gildea, L Strait, R Madden, KB Schopf, L Urban, JF TI Interleukin-4-and interleukin-13-mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EPITHELIAL-CELL FUNCTION; ADULT TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; C-KIT LIGAND; W-WV MICE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MAST-CELL; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IFN-GAMMA AB Intestinal worm infections characteristically induce T-helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokine production. We reviewed studies performed with mice infected with either of two intestinal nematode parasites, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Trichinella spiralis, that evaluate the importance of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 in protection against these parasites. These studies demonstrate that while IL-4/IL-13 protect against both parasites by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) through IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) ligation, Stat6 activation protects against these parasites through different mechanisms. Stat6-dependent gene transcription promotes expulsion of N. brasiliensis solely through effects on non-bone marrow-derived cells that may include enhancement of intestinal smooth muscle contractility, changes in intestinal epithelial cell function, and increased intestinal mucus secretion. In contrast, Stat6 signaling promotes immunity to T. spiralis both through effects on bone marrow-derived cells that can be reproduced by treating mice with IL-4 or IL-13 and through effects on non-bone marrow-derived cells. The former effects appear to include T-cell-dependent induction of intestinal mastocytosis, while the latter sensitize non-bone marrow-derived cells to mast cell-produced mediators. We argue that a limited ability of the host immune system to distinguish among different nematode parasites has led to the evolution of a stereotyped Th2 response that activates a set of effector mechanisms that protects against most intestinal nematode parasites. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Immunobiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cincinnati VAMC, Res Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Finkelman, FD (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Immunobiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM ffinkelman@pol.net OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 68 TC 264 Z9 272 U1 0 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 201 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00192.x PG 17 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 853ID UT WOS:000223819600011 PM 15361238 ER PT J AU Jordan, DM Cornick, N Torres, AG Dean-Nystrom, EA Kaper, JB Moon, HW AF Jordan, DM Cornick, N Torres, AG Dean-Nystrom, EA Kaper, JB Moon, HW TI Long polar fimbriae contribute to colonization by Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in vivo SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID O157-H7 REQUIRES INTIMIN; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; CALVES; MODEL; GENE; ENTEROPATHOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; INTESTINES; VIRULENCE AB The contribution of long polar fimbriae to intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 was evaluated in sheep, conventional pigs, and gnotobiotic piglets. E. coli O157:H7 strains with lpfA1 and lpfA2 mutated were recovered in significantly lower numbers and caused fewer attachment and effacement lesions than the parent strain. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis & Food Safety, Ames, IA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dmjordan@iastate.edu OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI021657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01DK58957-01, R01 DK058957] NR 21 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 72 IS 10 BP 6168 EP 6171 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.10.6168-6171.2004 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857QS UT WOS:000224134000077 PM 15385526 ER PT J AU Raab, TK Vogel, JP AF Raab, TK Vogel, JP TI Ecological and agricultural applications of synchrotron IR microscopy SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Bases Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE cell wall; plant pathogen; rhizosphere; infrared; spectromicroscopy ID FT-IR; CELLULOSE SYNTHASE; PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANT; ROOT; SPECTRA; MUTANTS; MICROSPECTROSCOPY AB The diffraction-limited spot size of synchrotron-based IR microscopes provides cell-specific, spectrochemical imaging of cleared leaf, stem and root tissues of the model genetic organism Arabidopsis thaliana, and mutant plants created either by T-DNA insertional inactivation or chemical mutagenesis. Spectra in the wavelength region from 6 to 12 gm provide chemical and physical information on the cell wall polysaccharides of mutants lacking particular biosynthetic enzymes ("Cellulose synthase-like" genes). In parallel experiments, synchrotron IR microscopy delineates the role of Arabidopsis cell wall enzymes as susceptibility factors to the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, a causative agent of powdery mildew disease. Three genes, pmr4, pmr5, and pmr6 have been characterized by these methods, and biochemical relations between two of the genes suggested by IR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques could not have been inferred through classical molecular biology. In ecological experiments, live plants can also be imaged in small microcosms with mid-IR transmitting ZnSe windows. Small exudate molecules may be spatially mapped in relation to root architecture at diffraction-limited resolution, and the effect of microbial symbioses on the quantity and quality of exudates inferred. Synchrotron IR microscopy provides a useful adjunct to molecular biological methods and underground observatories in the ongoing assessment of the role of root-soil-microbe communication. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raab, TK (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tkraab@andrew2.stanford.edu RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689; Raab, Theodore K./0000-0002-3965-8729 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.008 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500011 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Rosenthal, BM Vianna, MCB Nylund, M Nikander, S Oksanen, A AF Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Rosenthal, BM Vianna, MCB Nylund, M Nikander, S Oksanen, A TI Redescription of Besnoitia tarandi (Protozoa : Apicomplexa) from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Besnoitia tarandi; Finland; mice; gerbils; cell culture; ultrastructure; sequence analysis ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; TISSUE CYSTS; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; INFECTED-TISSUES; MULE DEER; BRADYZOITES; DIFFERENTIATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TACHYZOITES; CARIBOU AB Besnoitia tarandi tissue cysts were found in naturally-infected reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Finland. Infectivity of its tissue cysts, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. The bradyzoites and tissue cysts were not infectious to out-bred mice, rabbits or gerbils. When fed tissue cysts, neither cats nor dogs excreted oocysts. However, the parasite was lethal to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice irrespective of the route of inoculation. The parasite was grown successfully in African Green Monkey cells from tissues of two reindeer for the first time. Non-dividing, uninucleate tachyzoites from smears from cell cultures were 5.6 x 1.4 mum (4.5-7.4 x 1.0-1.9, n = 50) in size. Longitudinally-cut bradyzoites in tissue sections measured 7.4 x 1.3 mum (6.5-7.8 x 1.0-1.6, n = 30). Ultrastructurally, tachyzoites and bradyzoites were similar to those in other Besnoitia species, and in particular to parasites described from cattle (Besnoitia besnoiti) and equids (Besnoitia bennetti) in that their bradyzoites lacked enigmatic bodies. Based on comparative analysis of three portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (the small and large subunits and the first internal transcribed spacer) B. tarandi was found to be more closely related to the other congeners described from ungulates. The parasite was formally redescribed and specimens deposited in the US National Parasite Collection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Vet & Food Res Inst, Oulu Reg Unit, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Vet Basic Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1273 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.07.002 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 871GL UT WOS:000225117700009 PM 15491590 ER PT J AU Frihart, CR AF Frihart, CR TI Specific adhesion model for bonding hot-melt polyamides to vinyl SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE polyamide; hot-melt; adhesive; polyvinyl chloride; model; adhesion; rheology; solubility parameter; acid-base; poly(ester-amide); hydrogen bond; piperazine AB Hot-melt polyamides are an important market for the dimer acid made from the tall oil fatty acids liberated during the Kraft pulping process. These polyamides bond well to many substrates, but not to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly called vinyl. Dimer-based polyamides made from secondary amines such as piperazine bond well to vinyl. No model for this unique adhesion has been proposed even though many commercial adhesives and other patents have utilized this feature of dimer-based polyamides. This paper examines the validity of models based on mechanical interlock, rheological properties, solubility parameters, and acid-base interactions. Available data are consistent with the acid-base model, which depends on the availability of tertiary amides made from secondary amine to bond to the vinyl hydrogen in contrast to the strong internal polyamide hydrogen bonding of secondary amides made from primary amines. Poly(ester-amides) with a similar proton acceptor ability also bond to vinyl. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Frihart, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM cfrihart@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2003.11.008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 828CE UT WOS:000221949500005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RS Escobar, DE Skaria, M AF Fletcher, RS Escobar, DE Skaria, M TI Response of ratio vegetation indices to foot rot-infected citrus trees SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HAND-HELD RADIOMETRY; FOREST DAMAGE; FIELD; SPECTRA AB Ratio vegetation indices were evaluated for differentiating foot rot-infected ( Phytophthora parasitica Dast) from noninfected citrus trees ( Citrus spp.). At two sites, field spectral measurements of infected and noninfected trees were obtained with a hand-held spectroradiometer. The following bands were assessed for developing the ratios: blue ( B, 450 - 520 nm), green ( G, 520 - 600 nm), red ( R, 630 - 690 nm), near-infrared (NIR, 760 - 900 nm) and mid-infrared (MIR1, 1550 - 1750 nm; MIR2, 2080 - 2350 nm). For both sites, means of infected and noninfected trees were significantly different (t-test; p<0.05) for NIR/B, NIR/R and NIR/MIR1 ratios. Percentage difference values indicated the NIR/R ratio was most responsive to the disease. A relative index value was established for separating infected from noninfected trees. Findings demonstrated that ratio vegetation indices have high potential for distinguishing foot rot-infected from noninfected citrus trees. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Fletcher, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rfletcher@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 19 BP 3967 EP 3972 DI 10.1080/01431160310001652367 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851AQ UT WOS:000223657100012 ER PT J AU Shanower, TG Hoelmer, KA AF Shanower, TG Hoelmer, KA TI Biological control of wheat stem sawflies: Past and future SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cephus cinctus; Cephus pygmaeus; Collyria spp.; Trachelus tabidus; biological control; parasitoids ID BRACON-LISSOGASTER HYMENOPTERA; CEPHUS-CINCTUS HYMENOPTERA; CEPHIDAE; PYGMAEUS; PARASITISM; MONTANA AB Grass-feeding stem sawflies (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) include several pests of wheat and other grain crops. Species reported as pests include Cephus cinctus (North America), C. fumipennis (China), C. cultratus (central Asia), and C. pygmaeus and Trachelus tabidus (Europe and Mediterranean region). The latter two were introduced into North America over 100 years ago. Cephid females oviposit in stems and larvae feed within the stem, moving to the basal portion as the plant matures. Larvae diapause in a chamber created by cutting a groove around the inside of the stem, plugging the lumen, and remaining in the basal portion during the winter or dry season. Increased temperatures, moisture and/or photoperiod terminate diapause. Pupation occurs within the stub. Weakened stems break at the groove, leaving stubs. Yield losses of up to 35% have been reported from larval feeding and loss of fallen grain. Biological control efforts were initiated against C. cinctus in 1930 and continued for 10 years. Parasitoids from England and the eastern USA were released in Canada. A second attempt was undertaken in the western USA from 1952-55, using parasitoids from France. Both attempts failed. Biological control efforts against C. pygmaeus were carried out during 1935-38 (USA) and 1937-40 (Canada). These resulted in the establishment of Collyria coxator which appears to play an important role in regulating sawfly populations. The USDA-ARS recently initiated a new project for the biological control of C. cinctus in the western USA. We review previous biological control efforts against wheat stem sawflies, discuss reasons for the earlier failures, and outline the approach of the new project. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tshanower@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 197 EP 221 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 975NL UT WOS:000232669100001 ER PT J AU Hoelmer, KA Shanower, TG AF Hoelmer, KA Shanower, TG TI Foreign exploration for natural enemies of cephid sawflies SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Cephidae; Cephus cinctus; Cephus pygmaeus; biological control; natural enemies; parasitoids; Beauveria; pathogens ID HYMENOPTERA AB Sawflies which feed and develop in the stems of grasses are widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, particularly in the Palearctic region. Wheat is the primary crop impacted, but these sawflies also attack rye, barley and timothy, as well as various native, noncrop grasses. Several cephid species that cause significant damage to crops have been extensively studied. However, their ecology in wild grass hosts is virtually unknown, including the occurrence and impact of natural enemies. Following the introduction and establishment of European parasitoids against Cephus pygmaeus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in North America, unsuccessful attempts were made during the early to midtwentieth century to establish European parasitoids against Cephus cinctus in North America. The failures were attributed to a lack of adaptation to C. cinctus or to the lack of proper synchronization with suitable host stages. Further collections and introductions were not pursued at that time. However, uncertainty exists regarding the identity and taxonomic relationship of various species of Cephus. Natural enemy taxa are also in need of revision. Further field collections and biological studies are warranted, especially for species in central and eastern Asia for which information is particularly sparse, and which may be closely related to C. cinctus. Such collections would provide new study material for taxonomic revisions, and possibly new populations and/or species of natural enemies for biological control evaluations. New opportunities exist for the discovery and collection of better-adapted parasitoid populations in regions with climates that are very similar to those of the desired areas of introduction. C1 ARS, USDA, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 St Gely Du Fesc, France. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM khoelmer@udel.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 223 EP 238 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 975NL UT WOS:000232669100002 ER PT J AU Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, RM Glahn, RP Gauch, G AF Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, RM Glahn, RP Gauch, G TI Environmental stability of iron and zinc concentrations in grain of elite early-maturing tropical maize genotypes grown under field conditions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIETIES; TRIALS; CROPS; YIELD AB Assessment of the stability of micronutrients is important in breeding for the enhanced nutritional quality of staple food crops as a means to alleviate malnutrition. Twenty early-maturing elite tropical maize (Zea Mays L.) genotypes were evaluated over 2 years at three locations representing three distinct agroecologies in West and Central Africa (WCA). The objectives were to analyse the pattern of genotype x environment interactions (GEI) and environmental stability of iron and zinc concentrations in grain using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) statistical modcl. Results indicated that the effects of genotypes, environments and GEI were significant (P < 0-05) for both micronutrients. The effect of GEI' was about double the contribution Of the genotypes for grain iron and more than double the effect of genotypes for grain zinc. Partitioning of GEI indicated that variety x location was the dominant source of a significant amount of GE1 for both micronutrients. Scores of the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCAI and IPCA2) from the AMMI were significant and accounted for 0 center dot 68-0 center dot 75 of the pattern of GEI for both micronutrients. About half of the genotypes evaluated were stable for grain iron and zinc concentration over the set of environments. The AMMI model identified ACR98TZEMSR-W as the most stable genotype for grain iron and MAKA-SRBC5 was the most stable for grain zinc. However, the yellow genotype, AK94-DMR-ESR-Y was the most promising, with high and moderately stable concentrations of iron and zinc in the grain. Because it is yellow, with beta-carotene content and high concentrations of iron and zinc in the grain, it might significantly contribute to an improved intake of these micronutrients in populations who rely oil maize for a major portion of their daily diet. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, PSNL, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Nigeria Co LW Lambourn & Co, IITA, Croydon CR9 3EE, England. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Oikeh, SO (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, PSNL, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM s.oikeh@cgiar.org NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 142 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.1017/S0021859604004733 PN 5 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 921OF UT WOS:000228773400006 ER PT J AU Southey, BB Rodriguez-Zas, SL Leymaster, KA AF Southey, BB Rodriguez-Zas, SL Leymaster, KA TI Competing risks analysis of lamb mortality in a terminal sire composite population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; population mortality; sheep; survival analysis ID SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; REARING ABILITY; NEONATAL BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COLD RESISTANCE; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; MERINO LAMBS; SHEEP; MODELS; BREED AB Mortality records from birth to weaning of 8,301 lambs from a composite population at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were analyzed using a competing risks model. The advantage of the competing risks model over traditional survival analyses is that different hazards of mortality can be assigned to different causes, such as disease, dystocia, and starvation. In this study, specific causes of mortality were grouped into dam-related (DAMR; e.g., dystocia and starvation), pneumonia (PNEU), disease (DIS; excluding pneumonia), and other (OTHER) categories. The hazard of mortality was analyzed using a competing risk approach, where each mortality category was assumed to be independent. Continuous- and discrete-time survival analyses were implemented using sire, animal, and maternal effects mixed models. The continuous-time survival analysis used the Weibull model to describe the hazard of mortality for each category of mortality. Under the discrete-time survival analysis, a complementary log-log link function was used to analyze animal-time data sets using weekly intervals for each category of mortality. Explanatory variables were sex, type of birth, contemporary group, and age of dam. The significant influences of type of birth and age of dam effects were consistent across category of mortality, and the sex effect was significant for all categories except the OTHER category. Estimates of variance components indicated strong maternal effects for all categories except for PNEU. Estimates of additive genetic heritabilities from the discrete maternal effects models were 0.08 +/- 0.04, 0.09 +/- 0.18, 0.16 +/- 0.12, 0.19 +/- 0.09, and 0.14 +/- 0.10 for OVERALL (all causes combined), DIS, DAMR, PNEU, and OTHER categories, respectively. Ignoring the cause of the defining event in mortality and longevity studies may hide important genetic differences. Therefore, the effectiveness of breeding programs relying on models that ignore multiple causes of an event in time-to-event data, such as mortality and longevity, could be affected. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Southey, BB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM southey@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2892 EP 2899 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 854YA UT WOS:000223938600007 PM 15484939 ER PT J AU Maiwashe, AN Blackburn, HD AF Maiwashe, AN Blackburn, HD TI Genetic diversity in and conservation strategy considerations for Navajo Churro sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic conservation; Navajo-Churro; inbreeding AB The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the genetic diversity of Navajo-Churro sheep using pedigree information; 2) examine the distribution of the Navajo-Churro population; and 3) evaluate the effect of breeder dynamics on genetic conservation of the breed. Pedigree data and breeder information (city and state) were obtained from the Navajo-Churro Sheep Breed Association. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated for each individual animal using pedigree information. A geographic information system program was used to divide the United States into four regions and overlay breeder locations, flock size, and flock inbreeding level. The small correlation between level of inbreeding and flock size (r = -0.07, P = 0.07) indicated that inbreeding levels are not different across flock sizes. The mean flock inbreeding levels ranged from 0 to 11% across regions. The level of inbreeding did not differ among regions (P = 0.15), except for Region 4 (Kansas and Missouri; P = 0.001). The number of breeders registering sheep averaged 34 per year. Most of the breeders were transient, with only eight breeders maintaining ownership for more than 7 yr. Average inbreeding level for 2000 was found to be 1.2%, with a linear increase in inbreeding of 0.1%/yr over the period studied, suggesting a minimal loss of genetic diversity for the Navajo-Churro. However, given the relatively small effective population size (92) and the transient nature of the breeders, development of an ex situ cryo-preserved germplasm bank may be the best long-term strategy for maintaining this breed's genetic diversity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM hblackbu@lamar.colostate.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2900 EP 2905 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 854YA UT WOS:000223938600008 PM 15484940 ER PT J AU Casas, E Bennett, GL Smith, TPL Cundiff, LV AF Casas, E Bennett, GL Smith, TPL Cundiff, LV TI Association of myostatin on early calf mortality, growth, and carcass composition traits in crossbred cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcasses; crossbred cattle; growth; mortality; myostatin ID BELGIAN-BLUE-CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; PIEDMONTESE; GENE; MUTATIONS; LOCUS; BREED; HYPERTROPHY; HETEROSIS; ALLELE AB The objective of this study was to investigate a potential association of an inactive myostatin allele with early calf mortality, and evaluate its effect on growth and carcass traits in a crossbred population. Animals were obtained by mating F-1 cows to F-1 (Belgian Blue x British Breed) or Charolais sires. Cows were obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Pinzgauer, and 1/4 Red Poll) dams to Hereford, Angus, Tuli, Boran, Brahman, or Belgian Blue sires. Belgian Blue was the source of the inactive myostatin allele. Myostatin genotypes were determined for all animals including those that died before weaning. Early calf mortality was examined in the F-2 subpopulation (n = 154), derived from the F-1 sires mated to F-1 cows from Belgian Blue sires, to evaluate animals with zero, one, or two copies of inactive myostatin allele. An overall 1:2:1 ratio (homozygous active myostatin allele:heterozygous:homozygous inactive myostatin allele) was observed in the population; however, a comparison between calves dying before weaning and those alive at slaughter showed an unequal distribution across genotypes (P < 0.01). Calves with two copies of the inactive allele were more likely (P < 0.01) to die before weaning. Postweaning growth traits were evaluated in the surviving animals (n = 1,370), including birth, weaning, and live weight at slaughter, and postweaning ADG. Carcass composition traits analyzed were hot carcass weight, fat thickness, LM area, marbling score, USDA yield grade, estimated kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, retail product yield and weight, fat yield and weight, bone yield and weight, and percentage of carcasses classified as Choice. Charolais lack the inactive myostatin allele segregating in Belgian Blue; thus, in the population sired by Charolais (n = 645), only animals with zero or one copy of the inactive myostatin allele were evaluated. Animals carrying one copy were heavier at birth and at weaning, and their carcasses were leaner and more muscled. In the population sired by Belgian Blue x British Breed (n = 725), animals with two copies of inactive myostatin allele were heavier at birth, leaner, and had a higher proportion of muscle mass than animals with zero or one copies. Heterozygous animals were heaviest at weaning and had the highest live weight, whereas animals with zero copies had the highest fat content. The use of the inactive myostatin allele is an option to increase retail product yield, but considerations of conditions at calving are important to prevent mortality. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2913 EP 2918 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 854YA UT WOS:000223938600010 PM 15484942 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, SM Guimaraes, KC Matthews, JC McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL Harmon, DL AF Rodriguez, SM Guimaraes, KC Matthews, JC McLeod, KR Baldwin, RL Harmon, DL TI Influence of abomasal carbohydrates on small intestinal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter activity and abundance in steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; glucose; maltase; sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter; starch ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; ALPHA-LINKED GLUCOSE; ABSORPTION; EXPRESSION; RUMINANTS; TRANSPORT; VESICLES; STARCH; DISAPPEARANCE; DIGESTION AB Most animals adapt readily to increased supplies of carbohydrate in the intestinal lumen by increasing enzymes for degradation and increasing glucose transporter activity. However, the extent of upregulation of Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) activity and content in response to increased delivery of carbohydrate to the small intestinal lumen of ruminants is unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of glucose and starch hydrolysate on the activity and abundance of SGLT1 in the small intestine of steers. In a randomized complete block design, 40 crossbred beef steers (243 +/- 2 kg BW) were fed 0.163 Mcal of ME/(kg BW0.75 (d; W), 0.215 Mcal of ME/(kg BW(0.75.)d; 2M), or 0.163 Mcal ME/(kg BW(0.75.)d) and infused for 35 d into the rumen (R) or abomasum (A) with 12.6 g/(kg BW(0.75.)d) of starch hydrolysate (S) or into the abomasum with 14.4 g/(kg BW(0.75.)d) of glucose (G). Steers were slaughtered, and brush-border membrane vesicles were prepared from the small intestinal samples obtained from five equidistant sites along the intestine. Maltase activity in vesicles and homogenates differed with intestinal sampling site (quadratic, P < 0.001). Steers on the AG treatment yielded a greater intestinal maltase activity (38 nmol glucose(.)mg protein(-1.)min(-1)) compared with the AS, RS, W, or 2M treatments (34, 26, 23, and 23 nmol glucose(.)mg protein(-1.)min(-1), respectively [SEM = 3; P = 0.02]). Sodium-dependent glucose uptake averaged 18.4 +/- 3.94 pmol glucose/(mg protein(.)s) and was not affected by treatment, but uptake decreased distally along the intestine (P < 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on SGLT1 protein abundance, but SGLT1 protein abundance increased linearly from the duodenum to the ileum (P = 0.05). The inverse relationship between glucose uptake and SGLT1 abundance suggests that the regulation of brush border Na+-dependent glucose transport capacity is complex, involving factors other than the presence of luminal carbohydrate. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harmon, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dharmon@uky.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 3015 EP 3023 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 854YA UT WOS:000223938600022 PM 15484954 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Wiedmeier, RD AF Ralphs, MH Wiedmeier, RD TI Conditioning cattle to graze broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broom snakeweed; diet training; Gutierrezia sarothrae; positive conditioning; short-duration grazing ID FLAVORED WHEAT-STRAW; INTRARUMINAL INFUSIONS; SHORT-DURATION; PREFERENCE; PROPIONATE; INTENSITY; SHEEP; PINE; DIET AB Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) is the most widespread range weed in North America. We attempted to positively condition cattle to graze broom snakeweed to create a biological tool to decrease the competitive ability of snakeweed in a plant community. Fifteen yearling heifers were divided into three treatment groups receiving different supplements: 1) cornstarch, 2) starch with ground snakeweed, and 3) a control (no supplements). Heifers were fed fresh snakeweed, and then were gavaged with the respective supplements to provide positive feedback to enhance their acceptance of snakeweed. The starch group consumed more snakeweed in the pen conditioning trial (P = 0.02). The starch and control groups were then taken to the field for two grazing trials. In the spring grazing trial, there was no snakeweed consumed in the free-ranging part of the trial; however, when the pasture size was decreased, the heifers started to consume snakeweed as alternative forages became less abundant. In the second small pasture trial, heifers in the positively conditioned group consumed more snakeweed than those in the control group (16 vs. 5% of bites, P < 0.001). In the fall grazing trial, little snakeweed was consumed in the free-ranging part of the trial. When the pasture size was decreased, both positively conditioned and control groups increased snakeweed consumption up to 35% of bites. In the small pastures of both the spring and fall grazing trials, 36 to 59% of snakeweed plants were grazed. Cattle can be forced to graze snakeweed in a short-duration, high-intensity grazing strategy. C1 USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Anim Dairy & Vet Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 10 BP 3100 EP 3106 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 854YA UT WOS:000223938600032 PM 15484964 ER PT J AU Hoadley, JL Westrick, K Ferguson, SA Goodrick, SL Bradshaw, L Werth, P AF Hoadley, JL Westrick, K Ferguson, SA Goodrick, SL Bradshaw, L Werth, P TI The effect of model resolution in predicting meteorological parameters used in fire danger rating SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MESOSCALE MODEL; GRID SIZE; MM5; FORECASTS; VERIFICATION AB Previous studies of model performance at varying resolutions have focused on winter storms or isolated convective events. Little attention has been given to the static high pressure situations that may lead to severe wildfire outbreaks. This study focuses on such an event so as to evaluate the value of increased model resolution for prediction of fire danger. The results are intended to lay the groundwork for using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) as input to the National Fire Danger Rating System to provide gridded predictions of fire danger indices. Predicted weather parameters were derived from MM5 and evaluated at three different resolutions (36, 12, and 4 km). Model output was compared with observations during the 2000 fire season in western Montana and northern Idaho to help to determine the model's skill in predicting fire danger. For application in fire danger rating, little significant improvement was found in skill with increased model resolution using standard forecast verification techniques. Diurnal bias of modeled temperature and relative humidity resulted in errors larger than the differences between resolutions. Significant timing and magnitude errors at all resolutions could jeopardize accurate prediction of fire danger. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. 3Tier Environm Forecast Grp, Seattle, WA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, Greece. US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. US Dept Interior, Portland, OR USA. RP Hoadley, JL (reprint author), 400 N 34th St,Ste 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM jhoadley@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1333 EP 1347 DI 10.1175/JAM2146.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZV UT WOS:000225099200001 ER PT J AU Rohli, RV Russo, MM Vega, AJ Cole, JB AF Rohli, RV Russo, MM Vega, AJ Cole, JB TI Tropospheric ozone in Louisiana and synoptic circulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; NITROGEN-OXIDES; SURFACE OZONE; GREAT-PLAINS; LEVEL OZONE; CLIMATOLOGY; PRECIPITATION; TRENDS AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a pollutant of increasing concern in many urban areas in the United States. There is an increasing need to understand the geographical and meteorological properties associated with O-3, particularly because of the changing criteria that are being implemented by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to monitor O-3. This research examines the relationship between O-3 mixing ratios in Louisiana and surface and low-tropospheric synoptic circulation patterns. Results suggest that local conditions and synoptic influences are both important in determining the behavior of observed O-3 in Louisiana during this period in which "exceedance" frequencies decreased until 2000-01, at which time they increased again. Furthermore, the expected pattern of surface anticyclonic activity, low-tropospheric ridging, weak pressure gradients, and subsidence from the lower troposphere is found to be associated with anomalously high O-3, both at most local sites in the state and on days with anomalously high O-3 statewide. More surprising, however, is the tendency for high O-3 to be associated with low surface pressure in the Great Plains, perhaps in advance of a midlatitude wave cyclone to the north. This and other surface patterns may be linked to advection from the southeastern Texas urban-industrial corridor. A temporally increasing tendency for surface and lower-tropospheric ridging over the 1994-2001 study period provides at least a partial explanation for the absence of a frequency decline in statewide anomalously high ozone days during a time of increasing public awareness and concern for meeting the O-3 standard. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Anthropol Geog & Earth Sci, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rohli, RV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM garohl@lsu.edu RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1438 EP 1451 DI 10.1175/JAM2137.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZV UT WOS:000225099200008 ER PT J AU de Soyza, AG Killingbeck, KT Whitford, WG AF de Soyza, AG Killingbeck, KT Whitford, WG TI Plant water relations and photosynthesis during and after drought in a Chihuahuan desert arroyo SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE phreatophytic; riparian; gas-exchange; channel-flow; rainfall; plant water potential ID GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2 AB In order to understand the physiology and ecology of perennial shrub species occupying the banks of ephemeral streams we studied the plant water relations and gas-exchange characteristics of six perennial shrub species growing along an ephemeral stream (arroyo) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Two of the species are restricted to riparian habitats (Brickellia laciniata and Chilopsis linearis), three are classified as semi-riparian (Fallugia paractoxa, Prosopis glandulosa, and Rhus microphylla) and one is considered to be non-riparian (Flourensia cernua). Differences in gas-exchange patterns and water relations emerged among these six species, yet differences among obligate, semi-riparian, and non-riparian classes of species were evident, but not universal. Chilopsis and Brickellia did not develop the low plant water potentials that characterized some semi-riparian (Rhus) and non-riparian species (Flourensia) during periods of drought. Rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were highest in Prosopis throughout the study, and were relatively constant in Chilopsis during and after drought. Whether water became available as channel flow or direct rainfall appeared to play a role in the physiology of these arroyo shrubs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP de Soyza, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM ag_desoyza@msn.com OI Killingbeck, Keith/0000-0002-4971-3592 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.01.011 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 838MS UT WOS:000222718000003 ER PT J AU Pendleton, BK Meyer, SE AF Pendleton, BK Meyer, SE TI Habitat-correlated variation in blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima : Rosaceae) seed germination response SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE chilling; dormancy; Colorado plateau; ecotype; Mojave desert; paleoendemic; stratification ID COLD DESERT COMMUNITY; MOJAVE-DESERT; SCROPHULARIACEAE; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; ARIZONA; PLANTS; WATER AB Blackbrush is a dominant shrub species in the transition zone between North American warm and cold deserts. Its seeds are dormant at dispersal and lose dormancy in response to moist chilling. Seeds from warmer low-elevation habitats have shorter chilling requirements and a higher optimum chilling temperature than those from colder habitats where winter snow regularly occurs. This ecotypic variation functions to time germination optimally in habitats with contrasting chilling regimes. Regulation of germination phenology is an important feature of the life history of this ecotonal species, which must be able to migrate elevationally through recruitment from seed in response to long-term climatic shifts in order to survive. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84651 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84651 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.12.009 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847TW UT WOS:000223418800003 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Hardegree, SP AF Flerchinger, GN Hardegree, SP TI Modelling near-surface soil temperature and moisture for germination response predictions of post-wildfire seedbeds SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE rangeland restoration; soil water potential; soil water-content; SHAW model; model calibration; invasive species ID SHAW MODEL; WATER; REVEGETATION; VARIABILITY; RANGELANDS; BALANCE AB A major contributor to degradation on rangelands in the western United States is the expansion of undesirable annual weeds following wildfire or other disturbance. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model was applied to three soil types (loamy sand, sandy loam, and silt loam) to simulate near-surface soil temperature and water for predicting potential seed germination in post-wildfire revegetation. Three parameterization methods including initial parameter estimates, calibrated parameters, and measured moisture-release curve parameters were compared to assess the effect of parameter uncertainty on germination prediction. Initial parameters for the sandy loam soil resulted in an underprediction of germination times by 4.7 days for cheatgrass to 12.8 days for bluebunch wheatgrass compared to germination estimated from measured soil temperature and water conditions. Initial parameters resulted in predicted germination within 2 days of estimates for the other two soils. Model calibration to optimize the surface 20-cm water-content did not necessarily improve predicted germination. Model simulations using measured moisture-release curves resulted in germination prediction within a few days relative to estimates for all sites. Results suggest that the model can be used for long-term simulations of seedbed microclimate necessary to evaluate potential germination response of revegetation species and their weedy competitors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza IV,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM gflerchi@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.01.016 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 847TW UT WOS:000223418800010 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, JE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, JE Dawson-Hughes, B TI Effect of vitamin D-3 plus calcium on fall risk in older men and women: A 3-year randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Aging & Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S57 EP S57 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326800222 ER PT J AU Goussous, RY Song, L Dallal, G Dawson-Hughes, B AF Goussous, RY Song, L Dallal, G Dawson-Hughes, B TI The effect of calcium intake on the vitamin D requirement. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, JM USDA, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, JM USDA, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S202 EP S202 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326801158 ER PT J AU Jajoo, R Song, L Rasmussen, H Dawson-Hughes, B AF Jajoo, R Song, L Rasmussen, H Dawson-Hughes, B TI Effect of change in dietary acid-base balance on bone turnover and urine calcium excretion. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Metab Res Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S448 EP S449 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326802508 ER PT J AU O'Connell, MB Abrams, SA Kleerekoper, M Czilli, T AF O'Connell, MB Abrams, SA Kleerekoper, M Czilli, T TI Ethnicity, plasma 25(OH)Vitamin D, and calcium absorption. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Wayne State Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA SEA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S301 EP S301 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326801573 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Lykken, GI AF Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Lykken, GI TI The effects of interaction of dietary protein and calcium on calcium retention: A controlled feeding study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S302 EP S302 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326801575 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Powell, J Qiao, N Cupples, LA Kiel, DP AF Tucker, KL Powell, J Qiao, N Cupples, LA Kiel, DP TI Beer intake in men, and wine intake in post-menopausal women, is associated with higher bone mineral density. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 01-05, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. MRC, Human Nutr Res Lab, Cambridge, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehab Ctr Aged, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 SU 1 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860FB UT WOS:000224326800336 ER PT J AU Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Husseiny, AA Goktepe, L Rao, RM AF Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Husseiny, AA Goktepe, L Rao, RM TI The use of nutshell carbons in drinking water filters for removal of chlorination by-products SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granular activated carbon; point-of-use water filter; nutshells; bromoform; dibromochloromethane; bromodichloromethane ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; RAW SUGAR DECOLORIZATION; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ESTIMATED COST; ALMOND SHELLS; METALS AB Chlorination of drinking water is a common practice, used by numerous municipalities in the United States (US) to safeguard their water supplies. However, the chlorine used can chemically react with organic components in the drinking water to produce unwanted chlorination by-products. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the use of granular activated carbon produced from nutshells (almond, English walnut, pecan) in a point-of-use (POU) water filtration system designated 'Envirofilter' and to determine its efficacy in removing select, potentially carcinogenic chlorination by-products, namely the trihalomethanes (THMs) bromodichloromethane, bromoform and dibromochloromethane. The POU water filtration system that contained the nutshell-based carbons was designated 'Envirofilter' and adsorption efficiencies of this system were compared to that of four commercially available POU home water filter systems, namely, BRITA, Omni Filter, P (U) over barR and Teledyne Water Pik. Eight different 'Envirofilters' were constructed of individual or binary mixtures of carbons produced from acid-activated almond or pecan shells and steam-activated pecan or walnut shells and evaluated for adsorption of the three chlorination by-products. The results indicate that only two of the eight 'Envirofilters' failed to remove more THMs than the commercial POU systems. In both cases, these filters contained carbons with either 100% acid-activated almond shells or 100% acid-activated pecan shells. All six of the other filters contained carbons with either 50% or 100% steam-activated pecan shells or steam-activated walnut shells. Therefore, 'Envirofilters' appeared to depend on the presence of steam-activated nutshell carbons for their success. The six effective 'Envirofilters' reduced THM levels to below the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) required by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Based on these results, these six 'Envirofilters' may be considered as a replacement for existing commercial filter systems because of their efficacy and projected cost. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. Technol Int Inc, La Place, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Husseiny, AA (reprint author), Technol Int Inc, La Place, LA USA. EM dr_abdo@rtconline.com OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1002/jctb.1087 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 860AE UT WOS:000224308700008 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Broe, KE Peterson, JW Cheng, DM Dawson-Hughes, B Gundberg, CM Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP AF Booth, SL Broe, KE Peterson, JW Cheng, DM Dawson-Hughes, B Gundberg, CM Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Kiel, DP TI Associations between vitamin K biochemical measures and bone mineral density in men and women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; HIP FRACTURE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ELDERLY-WOMEN; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; OLDER-ADULTS; PLASMA; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIETARY; HEALTH AB Few data exist on the association between vitamin K status and bone mineral density (BMD) in men and women of varying ages. We examined cross-sectional associations between biochemical measures of vitamin K status and BMD at the hip and spine in 741 men and 863 women (mean age, 59 yr; range, 32-86 yr) who participated in the Framingham Heart Study (1996-2000). Vitamin K status was assessed by plasma phylloquinone and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC). Among the men, low plasma phylloquinone concentrations adjusted for triglycerides and elevated serum %ucOC levels were associated with low BMD at the femoral neck (P = 0.03 and 0.009, respectively). Among postmenopausal women not using estrogen replacements, low plasma phylloquinone concentrations were associated with low spine BMD (P = 0.007), with a nonsignificant trend of an elevated serum %ucOC with low spine BMD (P = 0.08). In contrast, there were no significant associations between biochemical measures of vitamin K and BMD in either premenopausal women or postmenopausal women using estrogen replacements. Clinical trials are required to isolate any putative effects of vitamin K on rates of bone loss. The target population in these trials, particularly in regard to estrogen use, may be critical, as suggested by the findings of this study. C1 Tufts Univ, Vitamin K Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin K Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195]; NIA NIH HHS [AG14759]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR41398] NR 36 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 10 BP 4904 EP 4909 DI 10.1210/jc.2003-031673 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 860EW UT WOS:000224326300020 PM 15472183 ER PT J AU Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Gallup, JM Lehmkuhl, HD Anderson, RD Lazic, T Ackermann, MR AF Meyerholz, DK Grubor, B Gallup, JM Lehmkuhl, HD Anderson, RD Lazic, T Ackermann, MR TI Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy enhances parainfluenza virus 3 infection in neonatal lambs SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; YOUNG LAMBS; IN-VIVO; LUNG; VIRUS; NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; BETA-DEFENSIN-2 AB Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of seasonal respiratory disease, but in high-risk individuals (e.g., young children) these viruses can cause severe clinical manifestations that require hospitalization. Beta-defensins are a subclass of antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activity. Use of adenovirus-mediated beta-defensin gene expression has been proposed as therapy for chronic bacterial infections commonly seen in cystic fibrosis patients; however, its use during parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection has not been evaluated. The hypothesis in this experiment was that adenovirus expression of human beta-defensin 6 (HBD6) would diminish concurrent PIV3 infection in neonatal lambs. The group infected with adenovirus HBD6 and PIV3 had increased levels of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment compared to those for the group infected with PIV3 or PIV3 and adenovirus, with an increased respiration rate and body temperature late in the course of the PIV3-adenovirus HBD6 infection. Interestingly, the adenovirus-treated groups had higher levels of immunohistochemical staining for PIV3 and syncytial cell formation than the group infected with PIV3, suggesting that treatment with the adenovirus vector, regardless of whether it was carrying a target gene, exacerbated the PIV3 infection. The levels of expression of mRNA for antimicrobial surfactant proteins A and D and sheep beta-defensin 1 were increased by PIV3 and adenovirus treatment, and the increased levels of expression roughly corresponded to the degree of inflammation. While pulmonary administration of a high-dose adenovirus vector has been associated with undesirable inflammation, this is the first study to show that it can exacerbate concurrent viral infection, a concern that needs to be addressed for future studies of adenovirus in the lung. Additionally, this study showed that adenovirus-mediated HBD6 expression increases neutrophil recruitment, a recently described attribute of beta-defensins, with mild accentuation of PIV3 activity and inflammation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ViraQuest Inc, N Liberty, IA USA. RP Meyerholz, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, 2740 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dmeyerho@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4780 EP 4787 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4780-4787.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000054 PM 15472341 ER PT J AU Deiss, J Byers, C Clover, D D'Amore, D Love, A Menzies, MA Powell, J Walter, MT AF Deiss, J Byers, C Clover, D D'Amore, D Love, A Menzies, MA Powell, J Walter, MT TI Transport of lead and diesel fuel through a peat soil near Juneau, AK: a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE peat; contaminant transport; lead (Pb); diesel range organic (DRO); macropore; rifle range; wetland ID RECHARGE-DISCHARGE FUNCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SHOOTING RANGE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HEAVY-METALS; SORPTION AB A set of peat column experiments was used to determine the transport potential of lead (Pb) and diesel range organics (DRO) in palustrine slope wetlands near Juneau, AK. This project is important to southeast Alaskan communities because limited land resources are forcing development of regional wetlands. This study was instigated by concerns that proposed modifications to a nearby rifle range using DRO-contaminated soil posed a potential risk to an anadromous fish-bearing stream 250 in from the site. Three pairs of peat columns were extracted from the rifle range for analysis, one pair along and two pairs across the natural bedding planes of the soil. One column in each pair was spiked with Pb and DRO and the other was used as a control. Approximately 1-year worth of water (171 cm) was passed through each column and leachate was collected at regular intervals. The results showed that substantial DRO transport only occurred along the bedding planes. Leads was surprisingly mobile, both along and across the bedding planes with estimated soil-water partition coefficients several orders of magnitude lower than commonly published values, probably because the peat was heavily Pb-loaded by lead from bullets and because the peat's acidic, organic-rich environment enhanced Pb mobility. The chemical outflow behavior agreed with a simple macropore transport model. These results underscore the need for caution when developing regional wetlands. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA USFS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. R&M Engn Inc, Juneau, AK 99803 USA. Alsaska Dept Environm Conservat, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Walter, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mtw5@cornell.edu NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.02.003 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 858IW UT WOS:000224186500001 PM 15358484 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM AF VanRaden, PM TI Invited review: Selection on net merit to improve lifetime profit SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE selection index; net merit; genetic progress ID DAIRY-CATTLE; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; CALVING EASE; UNITED-STATES; TRAITS; PREDICTION; HOLSTEINS; PROGRAMS; INDEXES AB Genetic selection has made dairy cows more profitable producers of milk. Genetic evaluations began with 2 traits measured on a few cows but now include many traits measured on millions of cows. Selection indexes from USDA included yield traits beginning in 1971, productive life and somatic cell score beginning in 1994, conformation traits in 2000, and cow fertility and calving ease in 2003. This latest revision of net merit should result in 2% more progress, worth $5 million/yr nationally, with improved cow health and fitness, but slightly less progress for yield. Fertility and longevity evaluations have similar reliability because cows can have several fertility records, each with lower heritability, compared with one longevity record with higher heritability. Lifetime profit can be estimated more accurately if less heritable traits are evaluated and included instead of ignored. Milk volume has a positive value for fluid use, but a negative value for cheese production. Thus, multiple selection indexes are needed for different markets and production systems. Breeding programs should estimate future rather than current costs and prices. Many other nations have derived selection indexes similar to US net merit. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 40 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3125 EP 3131 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855YW UT WOS:000224011800002 PM 15377590 ER PT J AU Olson, DW White, CH Richter, RL AF Olson, DW White, CH Richter, RL TI Effect of pressure and fat content on particle sizes in microfluidized milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle sizing; microfluidization; homogenization; milk ID COWS MILK; HOMOGENIZATION; GLOBULES; EMULSIONS; CHEESE AB Average diameters and particle size distributions in fluid milks with different fat contents and subjected to various homogenization pressures with a "microfluidizer" were evaluated. Skim, 2%, and whole milks were microfluidized at 50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa. Cream containing 41% milk fat was microfluidized at 50, 100, and 150 MPa. Particle sizes were determined by laser light scattering. As microfluidization pressure was increased from 50 to 100 MPa, particle sizes in skim, 2%, and whole milks decreased. Microfluidization at pressures greater than 100 MPa had little additional effect on reducing the particle sizes in skim and 2% milks compared with microfluidization at 100 MPa, but the particle sizes in whole milk increased as the microfluidization pressure was increased from 100 to 200 MPa due to formation of homogenization clusters. The particle sizes in cream increased as the microfluidization pressure was increased from 50 to 150 MPa. When the microfluidization pressure was held constant, the particle sizes increased as the milk fat concentration was increased. The coefficients of variations of the volume-weighted particle size distributions for cream were higher than for skim, 2%, and whole milks. Larger "big" particles and smaller "small" particles were formed in whole milk after microfluidization at 200 MPa than at 100 MPa. Although microfluidization can be used to produce small particles in skim, 2%, and whole milks, a higher than optimum pressure ( above 100 MPa) applied to whole milk will not lead to the minimum d(43) (volume-weighted average diameter) due to formation of clusters. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Olson, DW (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dolson@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3217 EP 3223 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855YW UT WOS:000224011800012 PM 15377600 ER PT J AU Monfardini, E Van Merris, V Paape, M Duchateau, L Burvenich, C AF Monfardini, E Van Merris, V Paape, M Duchateau, L Burvenich, C TI L-selectin and chemotaxis throughout bone marrow granulocyte maturation in the bovine SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone marrow cell; polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte; L-selectin; chemotaxis ID HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; NEUTROPHIL LEUKOCYTES; ADHESION MOLECULES; EXPRESSION; COWS; RECEPTORS; MOBILIZATION; RECRUITMENT AB Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNL) play a pivotal role during inflammation. Bone marrow ( BM) reserves are depleted as cells are released into circulation for recruitment to infection sites. Expression of L-selectin on the cell membrane allows neutrophils to roll along the activated endothelium. Whereas mechanisms leading to recruitment to infection sites are well established, expression of BM adhesion molecules in cows is limited. In this study, we assessed L-selectin expression and chemotactic response to zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) in bovine BM cells and in circulating neutrophils. Isolated blood PMNL and BM cells were used from 9 dairy cows, for quantifying L-selectin expression using flow cytometry, and from 12 dairy cows for chemotaxis studies. All granulocytic maturation stages expressed L-selectin. The percentage of cells fluorescing increased significantly in BM band and mature granulocytes and reached maximal expression on circulating neutrophils. Bone marrow band and segmented cells showed the highest L-selectin density. Chemotaxis through micropore filters in response to zymosan-activated fetal bovine serum was first observed in the myelocytic and metamyelocytic stages, and it increased with maturation and release into the blood stream. From these results, we conclude that L-selectin expression varies among stages of granulocytic maturation within the BM and differs from circulating PMNL. Further, BM cells are capable of migration starting at the metamyelocytic stage, and compared with BM cells, circulating neutrophils are more chemotactively active. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM Christian.Burvenich@UGent.be NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3350 EP 3357 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855YW UT WOS:000224011800026 PM 15377614 ER PT J AU Dechow, CD Rogers, GW Klei, L Lawlor, TJ VanRaden, PM AF Dechow, CD Rogers, GW Klei, L Lawlor, TJ VanRaden, PM TI Body condition scores and dairy form evaluations as indicators of days open in US Holsteins SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body condition score; dairy form; fertility ID LINEAR TYPE TRAITS; CALVING INTERVAL; MILK-YIELD; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; ENERGY-BALANCE; LUTEAL ACTIVITY; COWS; FERTILITY; CATTLE AB The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic correlations among body condition score (BCS), dairy form, milk yield, and days open in US Holsteins and investigate the potential of using BCS or dairy form evaluations as early indicators of days open. Dairy form and BCS obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc., were merged with mature equivalents ( ME) for milk yields and days open data from AIPL-USDA. Cows were required to be classified between 24 and 60 mo of age, before 335 d in milk ( DIM) and have ME milk of at least 4537 kg. A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 10 cows per herd-classification visit (HV) or herd-year-season of calving (HYS) were required. The final data set included 159,700 records. Heritabilities and correlations among dairy form, BCS, milk yield, and days open were estimated with multiple trait sire models. Fixed effects included age at classification for dairy form and BCS, age at calving for milk yield, HV for dairy form and BCS, HYS for milk yield and days open, DIM within lactation group for dairy form and BCS and lactation group for milk yield and days open. Correlations among dairy form, BCS, and days open were generated with and without a ME milk covariable. Correlations between ME milk and days open were generated with and without covariables for dairy form or BCS. Random effects included sire and error. The genetic correlation estimates of days open with dairy form, BCS, and ME milk were 0.48, - 0.30, and 0.38, respectively. The genetic correlation estimate between days open and dairy form was 0.38 after adjustment for ME milk, whereas the genetic correlation between days open and BCS was - 0.24 after adjustment for ME milk. Combining dairy form evaluations with days open evaluations for 19 recently proven bulls resulted in an average increase of 0.06 for reliability of days open evaluations. The addition of BCS evaluations did not increase reliability when dairy form observations were available. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Holstein Assoc USA, Brattleboro, VT 05302 USA. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dechow, CD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, 2640 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cdd1@psu.edu NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3534 EP 3541 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855YW UT WOS:000224011800045 PM 15377633 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Lucas, R AF Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Lucas, R TI Formic acid treatment for control of varroa destructor (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) and safety to Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera : Apidae) under southern United States conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honey bee; Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; formic acid; control ID JACOBSONI ACARI; FALL CONTROL; HONEY-BEES; FORMULATION; COLONIES; RESISTANCE AB The efficacy of a formic acid pad formulation was field tested for control of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman in Florida and Texas. This pad formulation gave 39.8 +/- 11.1% control at the end of a 6-wk treatment period, which did not significantly differ from the initial sample date. Coumaphos treatment provided poor control (38.4 +/- 11.1%) over the 6-wk period, confirming reports of coumaphos resistance in the region. Under relatively warm winter conditions in southern Texas, formic acid caused mortality of developing eggs and brood. If resistance by V. destructor to the two acaricides registered for its control in the United States continues, the formic acid pad could provide an alternative compound to use as part of an integrated pest management approach. Given the low control seen in this trial, however, modifications of application technology would seem necessary. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1509 EP 1512 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200003 PM 15568336 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Elzen, GW Lester, GE AF Elzen, PJ Elzen, GW Lester, GE TI Compatibility of an organically based insect control program with honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) pollination in cantaloupes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; azadirachtin; cantaloupes; pollination ID VARROA-JACOBSONI ACARI; ACARAPIS-WOODI ACARI; NEEM; TARSONEMIDAE; PESTICIDES; APIS AB The application of azadirachtin to foliage of cantaloupes did not significantly reduce successful pollination by commercially managed honey bees, Apis mellifera L., as measured by numbers of foraging honey bees and yield. Similar results were obtained when the synthetic insecticide imidacloprid (used as a standard by cantaloupe growers) was applied to the soil. Fruit yield and quality, as a function of bee pollination, were statistically equal between the two treatments, and equal to that of the untreated control. The standard treatment of imidacloprid gave significantly better control than azadirachtin of one pest (cucumber beetle) early in the season. Fruit maturity was delayed in untreated plots, consistent with light insect pressure observed. These results indicate that an organically based insect control approach will not alter bloom acceptance and bee forager activity in cantaloupes. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1513 EP 1516 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200004 PM 15568337 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Long, J Miller, NW Delate, K Jackson, CG Uchida, GK Bautista, RC Harris, EJ AF Vargas, RI Long, J Miller, NW Delate, K Jackson, CG Uchida, GK Bautista, RC Harris, EJ TI Releases of Psyttalia fletcheri (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and sterile flies to suppress melon fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; augmentative parasitoid releases; sterile fly releases ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLIES; METHYL EUGENOL; POPULATION; DEMOGRAPHY; ABUNDANCE; ISLANDS; TRAPS; AREA AB Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, patches throughout Kailua-Kona, Hawaii Island, HI, were identified as persistent sources of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). These patches had a low incidence of Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri), its major braconid parasitoid natural enemy in Hawaii, and were used to evaluate augmentative releases of P. fletcheri against melon fly. In field cage studies of releases, numbers of melon flies emerging from ivy gourd fruit placed inside treatment cages were reduced up to 21-fold, and numbers of parasitoids were increased 11-fold. In open field releases of P. fletcheri into ivy gourd patches, parasitization rates were increased 4.7 times in release plots compared with those in Control plots. However, there was Do significant reduction in emergence of melon flies from fruit. In subsequent cage tests with sterile melon flies and P. fletcheri, combinations of sterile flies and P. fletcheri produced the greatest reduction (9-fold) in melon fly emergence from zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L. Reductions obtained with sterile flies alone or in combination with parasitoids were significantly greater than those in the control, whereas those for parasitoids alone were not. Although these results suggest that the effects of sterile flies were greater than those for parasitoids, from a multitactic melon fly management strategy, sterile flies would complement the effects of P. fletcheri. Cost and sustainability of these nonchemical approaches will be examined further in an ongoing areawide pest management program for melon fly in Hawaii. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1539 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200007 PM 15568340 ER PT J AU Rendon, P McInnis, D Lance, D Stewart, J AF Rendon, P McInnis, D Lance, D Stewart, J TI Medfly (Diptera : Tephritidae) genetic sexing: Large-scale field comparison of males-only and bisexual sterile fly releases in Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE field evaluation; induced sterility; males-only releases; genetic sexing; Ceratitis capitata ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; INSECT RELEASES; RECOMBINATION; STABILITY; SUPPRESSION; STRAINS; HAWAII AB The effect of releases of bisexual (males and female) and unisexual (male only) sterilized medflies was compared in three large field evaluations over a 3-yr period (1995-1997) in southwestern Guatemala. The two strains tested were a genetic sexing strain, Vienna-4/Tol-94, carrying the temperature sensitive tsl gene to eliminate females in the egg stage, and the standard bisexual Petapa strain. Flies were mass-reared, sterilized by irradiation as pupae, shipped to a field center, and released by air as young adults over 2 km by 2 km core areas in the centers of separate 6 km by 6 km test plots. Strain performance was monitored weekly by trapping sterile and wild male adults in core and buffer areas and by collecting eggs from coffee berries to determine induced sterility. Results indicated a several-fold advantage for the males-only strain as measured by the level of induced sterility, especially at the very high release ratios of 100:1 recorded in 1997. During that final test year, sterile-fly release rates were increased to provide high sterile:wild (S:W) fly ratios in the field, and egg sterility reached levels in excess of 70% in plots were the male-only strain was used. However, in the plots where the bisexual strain was released, induced sterility only reached 12% despite SW ratios above 1,000:1. C1 USDA APHIS PPQ, Methods Dev Stn, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Area Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Otis ANG Base, MA 02542 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Rendon, P (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ, Methods Dev Stn, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 25 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 22 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1547 EP 1553 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200009 PM 15568342 ER PT J AU Fournier, V Rosenheim, JA Brodeur, J Johnson, MW AF Fournier, V Rosenheim, JA Brodeur, J Johnson, MW TI Population dynamics and within-plant distribution of the mite Calacarus flagelliseta (Acari : Eriophyidae) on Papaya in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbivorous mite; Papaya; sampling technique; within-plant distribution ID RUST MITE; DISPERSAL AB An important element in developing a management strategy for a new pest is the study of its seasonal dynamics and within-plant distribution. Here, we studied the mite Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes & Barbosa on papaya, Papaya carica L. (Caricaceae), in Hawaii to quantify 1) patterns of seasonal abundance, 2) its distribution across different vertical strata of the papaya canopy, and 3) shifts in its use of the upper versus the lower surfaces of papaya leaves. Nondestructive sampling conducted in two papaya plantings revealed that 1) populations of C. flagelliseta peak during the summer; 2) mites are most abundant in the middle and lower strata of the plant canopy, and least abundant on the youngest leaves found in the upper canopy; and 3) mites are found more predominantly on the upper leaf surfaces when overall population density peaks, suggesting that individuals move from the lower to the upper leaf surfaces when food resources on the lower leaf surface have been exploited by conspecifics. These results have significant implications for the development of sampling plans for C. flagelliseta in papaya. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Phytol, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fournier, V (reprint author), Univ Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, USDA ARS Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM vfournier@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1563 EP 1569 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200011 PM 15568344 ER PT J AU Niyazi, N Lauzon, CR Shelly, TE AF Niyazi, N Lauzon, CR Shelly, TE TI Effect of probiotic adult diets on fitness components of sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) under laboratory and field cage conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sterile insect technique; C. capitata; probiotic diets; gut symbionts ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL COMPETITIVENESS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INSECT TECHNIQUE; BACTERIA; LONGEVITY; WILD; COMPATIBILITY AB The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of probiotic adult diets, i.e., adult diets containing viable symbiotic intestinal bacteria, on the pheromone-calling activity, mating success, life expectancy, and survival of mass-reared male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), as an avenue for improving the field performance of sterile males in release programs to eradicate, suppress, or prevent spread of wild populations. The effect of inoculation of two standard adult diets (sugar-yeast granulate [SY] and sugar agar [s]) and two experimental formulations (yeast-reduced granulate [Sy] and yeast-enhanced sugar agar [sy]) with Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneumoniae (typically occurring in the gut of wild flies) on the different fitness components was assessed in the laboratory and on field-caged host trees. We found that, in the laboratory, males reared on the probiotic yeast-enhanced agar, sy, had a significant mating advantage over competitors fed the standard s agar (probiotic and control) or noninoculated sy agar; no effect of probiotic enrichment (or lowering the yeast content) was found with the granular diets. Mating test results obtained in the field were inconsistent with laboratory data in that no differences in the numbers of matings were observed between males reared on any of the probiotic and control agar diets (or the SY granulate), whereas males feeding on the probiotic modified granulate, Sy, scored significantly more matings than their control competitors. The pheromone-calling activity of males maintained on the granular diets was not affected by probiotic enrichment on any of the seven observation days. Agar-fed males, however, "called" more frequently on days 6 and 7 (but not on days 1-5) when their diet contained the probiotic load. Laboratory survival of granulate-fed males was found to be significantly prolonged with probiotic inoculation and lowering the yeast content of the standard SY granulate (but not with probiotic inoculation of sy). Similarly, males reared on the probiotic and control modified agars (sy) survived significantly longer than those feeding on the standard s agars (inoculated and control). Again, the results obtained in the field were inconsistent, because no differences between treated and control males were found for any of the diets. The findings are discussed in the light of other published studies on adult nutrition and behavioral ecology in C. capitata. C1 USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Niyazi, N (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London SW7 2AZ, England. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1570 EP 1580 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200012 PM 15568345 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RV AF Sappington, TW Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Arnold, MD Baker, RV TI Boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) survival through cotton gin trash fans SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; cotton gin; trash fans; eradication AB There is concern that cotton gins may serve as loci for reintroduction of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, to eradicated or suppressed zones when processing weevil-infested cotton from neighboring zones. Previous work has shown that virtually all weevils entering the gin in the seed cotton will be removed before they reach the gin stand. Those not killed by the seed cotton cleaning machinery will be shunted alive into the trash fraction, which passes through a centrifugal trash fan before exiting the gin. The objective of this study was to determine survival potential of boll weevils passed through a trash fan. Marked adult weevils were distributed in gin trash and fed through a 82.6-cm (32.5-in.) diameter centrifugal fan operated across a range of fan-tip speeds. A small number of boll weevils were recovered alive immediately after passage through the fan, but all were severely injured and did not survive 24 h. In another experiment, green bolls infested with both adult- and larval-stage weevils were fed through the fan. Several teneral adults survived 24 h, and there was no evidence that fan-tip speed affected either initial survival of weevils, or the number of unbroken boll locks that could harbor an infesting weevil. Thus, designating a minimum fan-tip speed for ensuring complete kill is not possible for the boll weevil. Experiments suggest that a device installed in a gin that partially crushes or cracks bolls open before entering a trash fan will increase mortality, possibly enough that further precautions would be unnecessary. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1612 EP 1618 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200017 PM 15568350 ER PT J AU Butin, EE Havill, NP Elkinton, JS Montgomery, ME AF Butin, EE Havill, NP Elkinton, JS Montgomery, ME TI Feeding preference of three lady beetle predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera : Adelgidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemlock woolly adelgid; woolly alder aphid; preference testing; Pseudoscymnus tsugae ID INTRAGUILD PREDATION; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NEW-ENGLAND; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; LARVAE; PINE; EGGS; FIR AB In a laboratory study, we tested the feeding preferences of three coccinellid predators of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, an introduced pest of hemlock in the eastern United States. The species tested were Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji & McClure (formerly Pseudoscymnus tsugae) from Japan, Scymnus ningshanensis Yu & Yao, from China, and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), a generalist species introduced from Asia that is currently widespread in eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis Carriere, forests. We measured the feeding preference of each beetle species when given the choice of A. tsugae and either 1) Pineus strobi (Hartig) on Pinus strobus L.; 2) Adelges laricis Vallot on Larix decidua Mill.; 3) Adelges cooleyi (Gillette) on Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; or 3) Paraprociphilus tessellatus (Fitch) on Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. We evaluated beetle preference for adults, nymphs, and eggs of each prey species. Generally, when adult or nymphal prey stages were compared, S. tsugae preferred A. tsugae adults to P. strobi, A. cooleyi, A. laricis, and P. tessellatus. S. ningshanensis showed less preference between adelgid species, but it did not prefer P. tessellatus nymphs. When preferences for adelgid eggs were assayed, S. tsugae and S. ningshanensis showed no preference between A. tsugae and A. cooleyi or P. strobi, but S. tsugae did prefer A. tsugae to A. laricis. Larvae of S. tsugae were unable to survive on P. tessellatus nymphs. H. axyridis adults readily consumed both A. tsugae and P. tessellatus, but H. axyridis larvae did not complete their life cycle on A. tsugae. Our host range tests suggest that S. ningshanensis and S. tsugae may feed on several species of Adelgidae and that A. tsugae is often preferred. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Butin, EE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, 102 Fernald Hall,270 Stockbridge Rd, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1641 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200020 PM 15568353 ER PT J AU Abel, CA Adamczyk, JJ AF Abel, CA Adamczyk, JJ TI Relative concentration of Cry1A in maize leaves and cotton bolls with diverse chlorophyll content and corresponding larval development of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) on maize whorl leaf profiles SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; Diatraea grandiosella; Bacillus thuringiensis; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ELEVATED CO2; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RESISTANCE; TOXIN; INHERITANCE; BOLLWORM; BERLINER; GROWTH AB To manage insect resistance to transgenic crops that express insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends a refuge-based insect resistance management strategy where a percentage of non-Bt (refuge) crop is grown in proximity to a Bt-expressing crop. An important requirement for this strategy is that the toxin exists at a high effective dose for control of the target pest (s), so that heterozygous individuals in the population do not reach adulthood. Factors that cause reduced levels of toxin in the plant are a threat to this strategy. We quantified Cry1Ab from different areas of the maize, Zea mays L., leaf. in general, the distal tip of the V7 maize leaf had a higher concentration of Cry1Ab compared with the middle section of the V7 leaf, and the middle section of the developing V9 leaf had the lowest concentration of Cry1Ab. When these sections of maize tissue were fed to fall armyworm, Spodaptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, there was not a reduction in development or an increase in mortality with tissue that had higher concentrations of toxin. Another study tested the relative concentration of Cry1Ab between the white-yellow, yellow-green, and green portions of the developing ninth leaf within the maize whorl. There were differences in Cry1Ab concentration among these leaf areas. The green tissue had the highest concentration of toxin followed by the yellow-green and white-yellow tissues. Correlations between concentration of Cry1Ab and 5-d fall armyworm larval weights among the three leaf color profiles were all significant and negative, i.e., decreased concentration of Cry1Ab in the leaf tissue resulted in increased 5-d larval weights. There was 100% mortality to the southwestern corn borer larvae fed Cry1Ab maize leaf tissue. Differences in the amount of Cry1Ab in the developing V9 leaf profiles did not alter the absolute susceptibility of the southwestern corn borer to the toxin. In cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., the amount of Cry1Ac was significantly lower in boll tips where flowers had remained attached compared with normal boll tips. Boll tips where the flowers remained attached are often the site where corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), penetrate Bt cotton bolls. This study demonstrated that, in two diverse plant species, tissue that has low chlorophyll content does not fully express Cry1A. Photosynthesis regulating factors related to mRNA transcription and translation should be studied for their effect on CryIA production and insect control. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abel, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1737 EP 1744 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200034 PM 15568367 ER PT J AU Willmot, DB Hibbard, BE Darrah, LL Pollak, LM Montgomery, K Pratt, RC Abel, CA Hawk, JA Weldekidan, T Foster, JE AF Willmot, DB Hibbard, BE Darrah, LL Pollak, LM Montgomery, K Pratt, RC Abel, CA Hawk, JA Weldekidan, T Foster, JE TI Effect of environment on resistance to the European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in maize SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; plant resistance; genotype-by-environment interaction; genotype X environment stability; insect resistance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS; GERMPLASM LINE; DROUGHT STRESS; PARENTAL LINES; FIELD CORN; REGISTRATION; PYRALIDAE; HYBRIDS; YIELD AB The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) I is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L., in many temperate parts of the world. Genotype-by-environment interaction effects can make relative performance unpredictable and may hamper selection for resistance to European corn borer. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment on genotypic reaction to European corn borer resistance in maize. A set of 12 maize inbred lines was chosen to represent a range of European corn borer responses. Eleven testing environments ranged from Delaware, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, to Mississippi. For length of stalk tunneling, environmental and genotypic main effects (estimated by restricted maximum likelihood) were >20- and 10-fold larger than their interaction effect, respectively. Length of tunneling means for genotypes (across environments) ranged from 10.1 to 35.4 cm. Several putatively resistant genotypes grouped with the susceptible checks, B73 and Mo17. By breaking factors and the interaction into single degree of freedom components, we observed that GEMS-0001 had significant crossover interactions toward less susceptibility in both Mississippi and the Nebraska environments. Environments displaying several crossover interactions indicated that European corn borer screening at these sites would not necessarily apply to other locations, whether due to small differences in experimental conduct and/or environmental effects. The five most resistant genotypes were fairly consistent across environments. Because all environments except Illinois used larvae from the same insectary, and these environments differed in damage intensity and rankings, it is unlikely that insect biotype was a factor contributing to genotype-by-environment effects. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Golden Harvest Res, Clinton, IL 61727 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Willmot, DB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM david_willmot@agilent.com NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1745 EP 1751 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200035 PM 15568368 ER PT J AU Throne, JE Lord, JC AF Throne, JE Lord, JC TI Control of sawtoothed grain beetles (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) in stored oats by using an entomopathogenic fungus in conjunction with seed resistance SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; host plant resistance; pathogen; stored products; tritrophic interaction ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; ACANTHOSCELIDES-OBTECTUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOSTRICHIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MONILIALES; INFECTION; HUMIDITY AB We tested the hypothesis that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana would be more efficacious on oat cultivars that prolonged the immature developmental period of sawtootbed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), a storage pest. However, percentage of reduction in progeny production was similar on whole 'Don' and 'Paul' oats treated with fungus, even though immature developmental time was longer on whole 'Don' than on 'Paul' oats. In our initial test at 10 mg of conidia per kilogram of oats, the number of beetle progeny produced was reduced by 38-67% in whole oats, and there was no effect of the fungus on insects developing on cracked oats. Therefore, we conducted two dose-response studies that showed that adding 150 mg of conidia per kilogram to cracked or whole 'Paul' oats resulted in a 70 and 98% reduction, respectively, in number of progeny produced. No further reduction was obtained by adding 200 mg of conidia per kilogram of cracked or whole 'Paul' oats. Presence of the fungus did not affect developmental time in any of our tests. A previous study showed that cleaned oats should limit insect population growth to allow long-term storage of oats without insect damage. However, the current study shows that if the oats are not cleaned, and not cleaning oats is the normal storage practice, then B. bassiana could be used to help control sawtoothed grain beetles. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Throne, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1771 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 864SM UT WOS:000224653200038 PM 15568371 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Aldrich, JR AF Thorpe, KW Aldrich, JR TI Conditions for short-term storage of field-collected spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae), adults prior to augmentative release SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spined soldier bug; Podisus maculiventris; predator; Colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; biological control; augmentation; storage; pheromone ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; HEMIPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB The date at which spined soldier bugs, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), can be trapped for augmentative release against overwintered Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), may be up to 5 wks earlier than the date of peak Colorado potato beetle emergence, necessitating storage of field-collected spined soldier bugs prior to release. The effects of temperature, photoperiod, and food on spined soldier bug survivorship and fecundity during and after a 5-wk storage period were investigated. In general, unfed spined soldier bugs had greater mortality and reduced fecundity compared with those fed string beans and mealworm larvae during storage. Temperature and photoperiod generally had no effect. However, female spined soldier bug survivorship was greater among unfed insects stored at 5degreesC compared with those stored at 15degreesC. Therefore, household refrigerators can be used for short-term storage of field-collected spined soldier bugs. Even when stored spined soldier bug females are fed, fecundity is low (14 nymphs per female originally collected). This may limit the use of field-collected spined soldier bugs for augmentative release against Colorado potato beetle to relatively small plantings of potatoes. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thorpek@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873LX UT WOS:000225282900002 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Borys, RR Cluck, DR Smith, SL AF Fettig, CJ Borys, RR Cluck, DR Smith, SL TI Field response of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera : scolytidae) and a major predator, Temnochila chlorodia (Coleoptera : Trogositidae), to host kairomones and a Dendroctonus spp. pheromone component SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus valens; Dendroctonus brevicomis; Temnochila chlorodia; Pinus ponderosa; Scolytidae; monoterpenes; exo-brevicomin ID WESTERN PINE-BEETLE; PONDEROSA PINE; BARK BEETLES; BREVICOMIS COLEOPTERA; HYLOBIUS-PALES; ETHANOL; ATTRACTION; MONOTERPENES; TURPENTINE; INSECTS AB The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a common bark beetle species found throughout much of North America. Aggregation pheromones have yet to be isolated and identified for D. valens. In this study, we examined the response of D. valens and a bark beetle predator, Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), to host produced kairomones and to the Dendroctonus spp. pheromone component exo-brevicomin. A total of 11,604 D. valens and 586 T. chlorodia were captured in multiple-funnel traps over a 14-wk period from 27 March to 5 July 2002. There was no significant difference in trap catch related to gender. The ratio of males to females was 1.01 for D. valens and 0.97 for T. chlorodia. Dendroctonus valens showed significant attraction to (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and (+)-3-carene, but the addition of ethanol did not significantly increase trap catch. Racemic exo-brevicomin was not attractive to D. valens and significantly reduced its attraction to the monoterpene and ethanol blend. This observation, in combination with results from other authors, suggests that D. valens is not responding to the western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte, pheromone or any of the individual components. Potential explanations for why D. valens is attracted to D. brevicomis infested trees are provided. There were no significant differences in the trap catch of T. chlorodia among unbaited traps or traps baited with (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and (+)-3-carene or (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and (+)-3-carene, and ethanol. The addition of exo-brevicomin significantly increased attraction. During the course of this study, a single peak in flight activity was observed during late May through early June for both species. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 490 EP 499 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873LX UT WOS:000225282900003 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Arthurs, S Knight, A Becker, K Headrick, H AF Lacey, LA Arthurs, S Knight, A Becker, K Headrick, H TI Efficacy of codling moth granulovirus: Effect of adjuvants on persistence of activity and comparison with other larvicides in a pacific northwest apple orchard SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE codling moth; Cydia pomonella; granulovirus; formulation; UV sensitivity ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FIELD-EVALUATION; TORTRICIDAE; LARVAE; RESISTANCE; OLETHREUTIDAE; FRUIT AB Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L), in conventional orchards has relied heavily on broad spectrum insecticides such as azinphos-methyl (Guthion(R), Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC). Alternative control options are needed for a variety of reasons, including environmental impact and worker and food safety concerns. Microbial control agents such as the codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) offer alternatives to conventional insecticides for the control of codling moth. Six weekly applications of the label rate (1 L/ha) of the Carpovirusine(R) formulation of CpGV in an experimental orchard naturally infested with codling moth provided control of first generation codling moth that was comparable to that of larvicidal oil and azinphos-methyl. Although the number of codling moth entries in fruit that were treated with virus alone was similar to that of control trees, the number of deep entries and the number of living codling moth larvae were significantly reduced on CpGV treated fruit. Despite blemishing, virus-treated fruit with minute entries were suitable for consumption or for processing. Studies on the residual activity of Carpovirusine revealed a steady decline in virus activity 1 to 3 d following application. The use of two adjuvants, Nu-Film-17(R) and Raynox(R), did not protect virus from solar inactivation. Among the biological control options available for codling moth, CpGV provides effective and selective control of neonate larvae. Its use in lieu of broad spectrum insecticides will contribute significantly to the conservation of other natural enemies in the orchard agroecosystem. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 500 EP 513 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873LX UT WOS:000225282900004 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Zhang, QH Zhang, AJ AF Aldrich, JR Zhang, QH Zhang, AJ TI Synergistic chemical attraction of the eastern yellowjacket, Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera : Cespidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yellow jacket; Vespinae; tritrophic; semiochemistry; leaf aldehyde; foraging behavior ID SOCIAL WASPS HYMENOPTERA; HEPTYL BUTYRATE; ACETIC-ACID; GERMANICA HYMENOPTERA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BAIT PREFERENCES; JACKETS VESPULA; NEW-ZEALAND; VESPIDAE; PHEROMONE AB Combinations of (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal, racemic alpha-terpineol or linalool, with or without benzyl alcohol incorporated into polyvinyl chloride attracted wasps in the Vespula vulgaris species group, including the Eastern, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), and German, V. germanica (F.), yellowjackets. (E)-2-Hexenal diethyl acetal degrades to release (E)-2-hexenal (the active attractant form) and ethanol, which may help kill yellowjackets caught in the water inside the traps used for testing. Combining the (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal/alpha-terpineol or linalool mixtures with another blend previously reported as attractive to yellowjackets (acetic acid/isobutanol) synergistically attracted the Eastern yellowjacket. It is hypothesized that the synergistic attraction is a result of combining volatile chemicals associated with carbohydrate feeding (acetic acid/isobutanol) and volatiles associated with foraging for insect prey (hexenal/alpha-terpineol or linalool). C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, B-007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 643 EP 653 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873LX UT WOS:000225282900017 ER PT J AU Price, LD Chukwuma, F Adamczyk, JJ AF Price, LD Chukwuma, F Adamczyk, JJ TI Honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) pollen load rate based on pollen grain size SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Price, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lprice@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 677 EP 678 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 873LX UT WOS:000225282900021 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Scheffler, BE Weston, LA AF Yang, XH Scheffler, BE Weston, LA TI SOR1, a gene associated with bioherbicide production in sorghum root hairs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; differential display; gene cloning; real-time PCR; root exudates; root hair; sorghum; sorgoleone ID DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; SORGOLEONE; ALLELOPATHY; CROPS; WEED; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PHYTOTOXICITY; AGRICULTURE; TRANSGENES; INHIBITOR AB Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] roots exude a potent bioherbicide known as sorgoleone, which is produced in living root hairs and is phytotoxic to broadleaf and grass weeds at concentrations as low as 10 muM. Differential gene expression was studied in sorghum (S. bicolorxS. sudanense) cv. SX17 between roots with abundant root hairs and those without root hairs using a modified differential display approach. A differentially expressed gene, named SOR1, was cloned by using Rapid Amplification of the 5' ends of cDNA (5'-RACE). Real-time PCR analysis of multiple tissues of sorghum SX17 revealed that the SOR1 transcript level in root hairs was more than 1000 times higher than that of other tissues evaluated, including immature leaf, mature leaf, mature stem, panicle, and roots with hairs removed. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that SOR1 was expressed in the sorgoleone-producing roots of sorghum SX17, shattercane [S. bicolor (L.) Moench], and johnsongrass [S. halepense (L.) Pers.], but not in the shoots of sorghum or in the roots of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) 'Summer Flavor 64Y', in which sorgoleone production was not detected by HPLC analysis. Similarity searches indicated that SOR1 probably encodes a novel desaturase, which might be involved in the formation of a unique and specific double bonding pattern within the long hydrocarbon tail of sorgoleone. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. ARS, USDA, CGRU, MSA,Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weston, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM law20@cornell.edu RI Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011; Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015; OI Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210; Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 55 IS 406 BP 2251 EP 2259 DI 10.1093/jxb/erh252 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856YH UT WOS:000224081500012 PM 15361534 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fett, WF AF Ukuku, DO Fett, WF TI Effect of nisin in combination with EDTA, sodium lactate, and potassium sorbate for reducing Salmonella on whole and fresh-cut cantaloupet SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NATIVE MICROFLORA; SHELF-LIFE; PRODUCE; PATHOGENS; INACTIVATION; SENSITIVITY; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION AB Nisin (50 mug/ml), EDTA (0.02 M, disodium salt), sodium lactate (NaL, 2%), and potassium sorbate (KS, 0.02%) were tested individually and in various combinations as sanitizer treatments for reducing Salmonella on whole and fresh-cut cantaloupe. Whole cantaloupe and fresh-cut pieces were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of Salmonella to give 4.76 +/- 0.23 log CFU/cm(2) and 3.42 +/- 0.13 log CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated whole melons and fresh-cut pieces were stored at 5degreesC for 7 days. Washing treatments were applied to inoculated whole melons at days 0, 3, and 7 of storage, and surviving bacterial populations were determined. The effect of the washing treatments on transfer of Salmonella to fresh-cut pieces prepared immediately after treatment was also determined. Directly inoculated fresh-cut pieces were treated at day 0, and surviving bacteria were enumerated at days 0, 3, and 7 of storage. The combination treatments of nisin-EDTA, nisin-NaL, nisin-KS, NaL-KS, and nisin-NaL-KS all resulted in reductions of approximately 3 log CFU/cm2 at day 0 for whole melons. When tested alone, all compounds, along with water washes, were ineffective. After 3 and 7 days of storage, the five combination washing treatments were less effective, resulting in reductions of approximately 2 log CFU/cm(2). None of the combination treatments completely eliminated transfer of pathogen survivors to fresh-cut pieces. The combination treatments nisin-NaL, nisin-KS, NaL-KS, and nisin-NaL-KS, but not nisin-EDTA, gave significant (P < 0.05) reductions of Salmonella directly inoculated onto fresh-cut pieces. Washing with nisin-NaL-KS was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than the other three combination treatments, resulting in a reduction of 1.4 CFU/g. Inhibition by the four effective treatments carried over from day 0 through day 7 of storage, with no increase in the population of Salmonella on the stored fresh-cut pieces. Sensory evaluations indicated that treatment of fresh-cut pieces with nisin-NaL and NaL-KS, but not nisin-KS or nisin-NaL-KS, were acceptable in terms of appearance, odor, and overall acceptability. After the required regulatory approval, treatment of whole cantaloupe with nisin in combination with EDTA, NaL, KS, or NaL and KS and of fresh-cut pieces with nisin-NaL or Na-LKS could help ensure the microbiological safety of fresh-cut cantaloupe. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2143 EP 2150 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600008 PM 15508622 ER PT J AU Kenney, SJ Anderson, GL Williams, PL Millner, PD Beuchat, LR AF Kenney, SJ Anderson, GL Williams, PL Millner, PD Beuchat, LR TI Effectiveness of cleaners and sanitizers in killing salmonella Newport in the gut of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FOODBORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; REDUCED PH; SURVIVAL; PROTECTION; TOLERANCE; SOIL; SENSITIVITY; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode found in soil, has been shown to ingest human enteric pathogens, thereby potentially serving as a vector for preharvest contamination of fruits and vegetables. A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of cleaners and sanitizers in killing Salmonella enterica serotype Newport in the gut of C elegans. Adult worms were fed nalidixic acid-adapted cells of Escherichia coli OP50 (control) or Salmonella Newport for 24 h, washed, placed on paper discs, and incubated at temperatures of 4 or 20degreesC and relative humidities of 33 or 98% for 24 h. Two commercial cleaners (Enforce and K Foam Lo) and four sanitizers (2% acetic acid, 2% lactic acid, Sanova, and chlorine [50 and 200 mug/ml]) were applied to worms for 0, 2, or 10 min. Populations of E. coli and Salmonella Newport (CFU per worm) in untreated and treated worms were determined by sonicating worms in 0.1% peptone and surface plating suspensions of released cells on tryptic soy agar containing nalidixic acid. Populations of Salmonella Newport in worms exposed to 33 or 98% relative humidity at 4degreesC or 33% relative humidity at 20degreesC were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower than the number surviving exposure to 98% relative humidity at 20degreesC. In general, treatment of desiccated worms with cleaners and sanitizers was effective in significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reducing the number of ingested Salmonella Newport. Results indicate that temperature and relative humidity influence the survival of Salmonella Newport in the gut of C. elegans, and cleaners and sanitizers may not eliminate the pathogen. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beuchat, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM lbeuchat@uga.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2151 EP 2157 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600009 PM 15508623 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Sreekumar, C Gamble, HR Dubey, JP AF Hill, DE Sreekumar, C Gamble, HR Dubey, JP TI Effect of commonly used enhancement solutions on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in pork loin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM LACTATE; OOCYSTS; RESPONSES; QUALITY; SAUSAGE; STRAIN; MICE; PIGS; CATS AB Retail meat cuts of pork are frequently enhanced with salt solutions to improve flavor and texture and to extend shelf life through reductions in microbial contamination. A study of the effect of commonly used meat enhancement solutions on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was performed using tissues from experimentally infected mice and pigs. Brains of T gondii-infected mice were injected to 110% of the original weight of the brain with solutions containing sodium chloride (1 and 2%), sodium diacetate (0.1 and 0.2%), sodium tripolyphosphate (0.25 and 0.5%), potassium lactate (1.4 and 1.96%), or sodium lactate (1.4, 1.5, and 2.0%) alone or in combination and stored at 4degreesC for 7 days before feeding to T. gondii-seronegative cats. Loins were collected from pigs experimentally infected with T. gondii and injected as above and stored for 7, 28, or 45 days at 4degreesC before feeding to T. gondii-seronegative cats. Cat feces were examined for 14 days to assess oocyst shedding. The present study demonstrated that injection of mouse brains or pork loins with solutions containing 2% sodium chloride or greater than or equal to1.4% potassium or sodium lactate, alone or in combination with other components, prevented transmission of T. gondii to cats. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Associateships Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2230 EP 2233 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600020 PM 15508634 ER PT J AU Bosilevac, JM Shackelford, SD Fahle, R Biela, T Koohmaraie, M AF Bosilevac, JM Shackelford, SD Fahle, R Biela, T Koohmaraie, M TI Decreased dosage of acidified sodium chlorite reduces microbial contamination and maintains organoleptic qualities of ground beef products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE; ANTIMICROBIAL INTERVENTION; CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INSTRUMENTAL COLOR; LACTIC-ACID; REDUCTION; TRIMMINGS; DECONTAMINATION AB Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) spray was evaluated at decreased dosages and application rates to determine its efficacy for reducing bacterial contamination on boneless beef trimmings used for production of raw ground beef products while maintaining desirable consumer qualities in the finished ground beef products. Two different applications of ASC (600 ppm applied at a rate of 1.3 oz/lb and 300 ppm applied at a rate of 1 oz/lb) were used to treat boneless beef trimmings before grinding. The effect of ASC treatment on 50/50 lean beef trimmings was greater than on 90/10 trimmings. ASC at 600 ppm reduced both the aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) by 2.3 log CFU/g on 50/50 trimmings, whereas treatment with 300 ppm ASC reduced APC and EBC of 50/50 trimmings by 1.1 and 0.7 log CFU/g, respectively. Ground beef formulations of 90/10 and 73/27 were produced from the treated boneless beef trim and packaged in chubs and in modified atmosphere packaging. The efficacy of ASC spray treatment to inhibit APC and EBC over the shelf life of each ground beef product was monitored. The APC and EBC in ground beef chubs were reduced by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/g until day 20. The APC and EBC for products in modified atmosphere packaging were reduced 1.5 to 3.0 log CFU/g throughout their shelf life. Both decreased dosages of ASC were equally effective on 90/10 lean ground beef, but the 300 ppm ASC treatment was slightly better at reducing the EBC of 73/27 ground beef. The organoleptic qualities (color, odor, and taste) of the ground beef products treated with 300 ppm ASC were found to be superior to those treated with 600 ppm ASC. Our results indicated that decreased dosages of ASC reduce contamination and lengthen the shelf life of ground beef. Furthermore, the 300 ppm ASC treatment reduced bacterial counts while maintaining desirable organoleptic ground beef qualities. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Fairbank Farms, Achville, NY 14710 USA. Texas Amer Foodserv Corp, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Bosilevac, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2248 EP 2254 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600023 PM 15508637 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Tellez, G Rosario, C Nava, GM Eslava, C Blanco, MA Quiroz, MA Olguin, A Herradora, M Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Tellez, G Rosario, C Nava, GM Eslava, C Blanco, MA Quiroz, MA Olguin, A Herradora, M Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ TI Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and swine in Central Mexico SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; RESERVOIR; FECES; PIGS; SHEEP AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that can reside undetected in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle because colonization by this bacterium is asymptomatic. Recent research has indicated that swine can carry and transmit this pathogen as well. The development of more advanced and sensitive detection techniques has improved the limit of detection and increased sensitivity for this important pathogen. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle and swine in Mexico with the more sensitive detection technique of immunomagnetic bead separation. Samples (n = 60 per farm) were taken from four cattle and four swine farms (n = 240 cattle samples, n = 240 swine samples) located throughout central Mexico in October 2001. The prevalence of E. coli O157 was found to be only 1.25% on cattle farms and 2.1% on swine farms. The prevalence in cattle in this study is lower than that reported in the United States and could be related to the lower reported prevalence of E. coli O157 in humans in Mexico. However, further research is needed to verify prevalence throughout other regions of Mexico, as well as prevalence during other seasons of the year. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu RI Nava, Gerardo/J-9138-2015 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2274 EP 2276 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600027 PM 15508641 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Edrington, TS Looper, ML Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ AF Hume, ME Edrington, TS Looper, ML Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ TI Salmonella genotype diversity in nonlactating and lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RISK-FACTORS; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; ENTERICA; CAMPYLOBACTER; INFECTION; HERDS; RECOMBINATION; TRANSMISSION AB Dairy cows may serve as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella. The potential for herd carrier status increases with herd size, and Salmonella shedding may be triggered by stresses placed on the animals. The scope of the current study is to determine the effects lactation may have on Salmonella genotypic diversity among detected serotypes. Fecal samples were collected on two sampling dates from 60 nonlactating and 60 lactating Holstein cows. No serotype was predominant over the two collection dates, although Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Anatum, Salmonella Newport, and Salmonella Senftenberg were detected in relatively high numbers. Twenty-three genotypes were detected on the first date and 27 on the second date. The greatest genotypic diversity was seen among Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Senftenberg, with five and nine genotypes, respectively. The presence of multiple serotypes and genotypes in the herd suggests multiple contamination sources. However, there was no conclusive effect of lactation status of the cows on Salmonella genotypic shedding. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM hume@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2280 EP 2283 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861CL UT WOS:000224393600029 PM 15508643 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O AF Lamikanra, O TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID PRODUCE; MODEL; SOIL C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 BP VIII EP VIII PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 869WW UT WOS:000225016300002 ER PT J AU Fan, X AF Fan, X TI Involvement of volatile sulfur compounds in ionizing radiation-induced off-odor of fresh orange juice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; volatile sulfur compounds; juice; off-odor ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IRRADIATION; FLAVOR; INACTIVATION; COMPONENTS; FOODS AB The influences of ionizing radiation on volatile sulfur compounds in fresh Valencia orange juice were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-pulsed flame photometric detection and sensory evaluation. Methyl sulfide (MS) and methanethiol (MT) were induced most, followed by dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide. Carbon disulfide was reduced by irradiation, while hydrogen sulfide was not consistently affected. Sensory evaluation indicated that the odor of irradiated juice differed from the nonirradiated samples at 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 kGy. Addition of the 2 major irradiation-induced sulfur compounds (MS and MT) into fresh juice changed the juice odor, indicating that those 2 compounds were probably involved in the development of irradiation-induced off-odor. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 BP C593 EP C598 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 869WW UT WOS:000225016300005 ER PT J AU Johanningsmeier, SD Fleming, HP Breidt, F AF Johanningsmeier, SD Fleming, HP Breidt, F TI Malolactic activity of lactic acid bacteria during sauerkraut fermentation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE malolactic activity; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; sauerkraut; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria ID LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BLOATER FORMATION; BRINED CUCUMBERS; CABBAGE JUICE; SELECTION; CULTURES; STRAINS; FALLAX AB The frequency of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in sauerkraut fermentation with (MDC+) or without (MDC-) the ability to decarboxylate malic acid was determined. The MDC+ phenotype was found in >99% of homofermentative LAB isolated from commercial fermentations. In contrast, heterofermentative LAB isolates from 0.25, 3, 7, and 10 d had only 53%, 54%, 15%, and 11% MDC+ phenotype, respectively, indicating that more than 1 strain or species was involved. The malolactic reaction was demonstrated in cabbage juice with known strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, raising the question of desirability of such activity in cultures selected for the controlled fermentation of cabbage. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 BP M222 EP M227 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 869WW UT WOS:000225016300032 ER PT J AU Liming, SH Zhang, Y Meng, J Bhagwat, AA AF Liming, SH Zhang, Y Meng, J Bhagwat, AA TI Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce using molecular beacon - Real-time PCR technology SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microbial food safety; ready-to-eat produce; foodborne pathogens ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REACTION ASSAY; FOOD SAMPLES; SALMONELLA; VEGETABLES; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; FRUITS AB The capability of an assay to detect Listeria monocytogenes from artificially inoculated fresh-cut produce such as cantaloupe and mixed salad was demonstrated. An oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target DNA (Molecular Beacon, MB) was used in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. As few as 4 to 7 colony-forming units (CFU) of L. monocytogenes per 25 g of artificially contaminated produce could be detected. A comparison of 2 commercially available kits using MB-PCR (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and conventional PCR (BAX, Dupont Qualicon) was performed on artificially inoculated produce. The time required to detect L. monocytogenes (from produce to PCR) was considerably shorter for the iQ-Check protocol (approximately 26 h) compared with the BAX-PCR (approximately 52 h). The iQ-Check protocol was also used to confirm the identity of the L. monocytogenes isolates obtained during a microbiological screen of conventional and organic leaf lettuce and alfalfa sprout samples from local supermarkets. The iQ check protocol was successful in differentiating L. monocytogenes isolates from other Listeria spp. such as L. welshimeri, L. innocua, and L. ivanovii. This is the 1st report of the application of the MB probe being used for real-time detection of L. monocytogenes in whole and fresh-cut produce. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave Bldg 002,BAR-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 BP M240 EP M245 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 869WW UT WOS:000225016300035 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Goodner, K Plotto, A Pritchett, K Einstein, M AF Baldwin, EA Goodner, K Plotto, A Pritchett, K Einstein, M TI Effect of volatiles and their concentration on perception of tomato descriptors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sensory; principle component analysis; tomato; volatiles ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; AROMA VOLATILES; FLAVOR; QUALITY AB Coarse chop partially deodorized tomato puree was spiked with 1 to 3 levels of individual food-grade volatiles, reported to contribute to tomato flavor or volatile mixes and presented to a trained descriptive panel for flavor analysis in 2 different years. Six to eight panelists rated 9 aroma, 8 taste, and 1 aftertaste descriptors on a 15-cm unstructured line scale. Panelists detected significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.15) in concentration for various individual aroma compounds for a range of descriptors. Various descriptors also had correlations with levels of individual volatiles, including acetaldehyde, linalool, citral, trans-2-trans-4-decadienal, furaneol, 1-octen-3-one, and benzaldehyde. Of the combined volatile mixes in either year 2000 or 2001, spiked levels of the "green" mix (including with isobutylthiazole) resulted in increased perception of overall green and vine aromas as well as decreased perception of floral aroma, sweet taste, and overall aftertaste. The "earthy" mix resulted in increased perception of vine, earthy, and musty aromas as well as sweet taste, and decreased perception of overall and sour tastes. The "fruity" mix increased perception of overall, sweet tomato, tropical, and floral aromas as well as sweet, tropical, fruity, and overall aftertastes. The "fruity" mix also decreased green and musty aromas as well as sour and ripe tomato tastes. Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that spiking with "earthy" and "green" mixes and 1-penten-3-one were drivers for high loadings on the earthy and green descriptors, whereas the "fruity" mixes, furaneol, beta-ionone, benzaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol were drivers for high loadings on sweet tomato and floral aromas. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 BP S310 EP S318 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 869WW UT WOS:000225016300039 ER PT J AU Butler, BJ Leatherberry, EC AF Butler, BJ Leatherberry, EC TI America's family forest owners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonindustrial private forests; small-scale forestry; landowner survey; forest inventory; National Woodland Owner Survey AB The number of family forest owners in the conterminous United States increased from 9.3 million in 1993 to 10.3 million in 2003, and these owners now control 42% of the nation's forestland. The reasons why people own forestland are diverse. Some of the more common ones are aesthetic enjoyment, the tract is part of a farm or home site, and to pass the land on to heirs. Half of the family forest owners have harvested trees, but only 3% of them have a written forest-management plan. Trends in owners' ages and future land-use intentions suggest widescale transfers of family forestland in the near future. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55018 USA. RP Butler, BJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM bbutler01@fs.fed.us; eleatherberry@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 170 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 102 IS 7 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871RG UT WOS:000225150400004 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Cleland, DT Hammer, RB Radeloff, VC Rupp, TS AF Haight, RG Cleland, DT Hammer, RB Radeloff, VC Rupp, TS TI Assessing fire risk in the wildland-urban interface SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire risk; fire regime; fuel distribution; housing density; Michigan; population density; wildland-urban interface; US Census ID FUEL-MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Identifying areas of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) that are prone to severe wildfire is an important step in prioritizing fire prevention and preparedness projects. Our objective is to determine at a regional scale the relative risk of severe wildfire in WUI areas and the numbers of people and houses in high-risk areas. For a study area in northern lower Michigan, we first develop a spatial database of WUI areas (both intermix and interface) using housing data from the 2000 US Census and 1994 vegetation data from the Gap Analysis Project of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Then, we develop a spatial database of historic (pre-1900) fire regimes and current (1994) fuels to identify areas with high risk of stand-replacing fires. High-risk areas historically supported jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.) and mixed pine forests with stand-replacing fire rotations less than 100 years and currently support upland conifer and hardwood forests. Analysis of the databases shows that 26% of the study area is WUI. About 25% of the WUI has relatively high fire risk. Over 88% of the WUI with high fire risk has low housing density (<1 house per 2 ha) and is classified as intermix where fuels and structures intermingle. The predominance of high-risk intermix areas with low-density housing has implications for planning effective fuel treatments and evacuation plans. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rhaight@fs.fed.us RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 20 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 102 IS 7 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 871RG UT WOS:000225150400013 ER PT J AU Slack, JM Shapiro, M AF Slack, JM Shapiro, M TI Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus v-trex gene encodes a functional 3 ' to 5 ' exonuclease SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACULOVIRUS ALKALINE NUCLEASE; POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CELL-LINE; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; IRRADIATION; EXPRESSION; NOCTUIDAE; PROMOTER; BINDING AB The viral three-prime repair exonuclease (v-trex) gene of the Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is the first baculovirus gene to be described with significant homology to a 3' exonuclease. v-trex is an early gene that is expressed by AgMNPV from 3 h post-infection. In the present study, the AgMNPV v-trex ORF was cloned into the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) under the control of a polyhedrin promoter. The resulting virus produced an abundant, soluble protein that migrated with an apparent size of 23(.)7 kDa. The 3' to 5' exonuclease activity associated with this v-trex-expressing recombinant AcMNPV was 2000-fold above that of wild-type AcMNPV. This exonuclease activity was inhibited by EDTA and was activated in the presence of Mg2+ and, to a lesser extent, Mn2+. From these results, the AgMNPV v-trex gene is concluded to encode an independently active 3' to 5' exonuclease. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Slack, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC West,Bldg 011A,Room 214, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM slackj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2863 EP 2871 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80109-0 PN 10 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 860GA UT WOS:000224329300014 PM 15448348 ER PT J AU Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG AF Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG TI Formulation of a hybrid calibration approach for a physically based distributed model with NEXRAD data input SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE simulation; pollution; GIS; non-point source ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; GREEN-AMPT; FLOW; SOIL; AIR AB This paper describes the background, formulation and results of an hourly input-output calibration approach proposed for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model, presented for 24 representative storm events occurring during the period between 1994 and 2000 in the Blue River watershed (1233 km(2) located in Oklahoma). This effort is the first follow up to the participation in the National Weather Service-Distributed Modeling Intercomparison Project (DMIP), an opportunity to apply, for the first time within the SWAT modeling framework, routines for hourly stream flow prediction based on gridded precipitation (NEXRAD) data input. Previous SWAT model simulations, uncalibrated and with moderate manual calibration (only the water balance over the calibration period), were provided for the entire set of watersheds and associated outlets for the comparison designed in the DMIP project. The extended goal of this follow up was to verify the model efficiency in simulating hourly hydrographs calibrating each storm event using the formulated approach. This included a combination of a manual and an automatic calibration approach (Shuffled Complex Evolution Method) and the use of input parameter values allowed to vary only within their physical extent. While the model provided reasonable water budget results with minimal calibration, event simulations with the revised calibration were significantly improved. The combination of NEXRAD precipitation data input, the soil water balance and runoff equations, along with the calibration strategy described in the paper, appear to adequately describe the storm events. The presented application and the formulated calibration method are initial steps toward the improvement of the simulation on an hourly basis of the SWAT model loading variables associated with the storm flow, such as sediment and pollutants, and the success of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) projects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Di Luzio, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM diluzio@brc.tamus.edu; jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 1-4 BP 136 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.034 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 851GF UT WOS:000223672900007 ER PT J AU Montesi, J Elder, K Schmidt, RA Davis, RE AF Montesi, J Elder, K Schmidt, RA Davis, RE TI Sublimation of intercepted snow within a subalpine forest canopy at two elevations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Snow Processes - Representation in Atmospheric and Hydrological Models CY JUL, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci ID BLOWING SNOW; ENERGY-BALANCE; EVAPORATION; CONIFER; MODEL AB To determine how elevation affects the sublimation rate from intercepted snow within a subalpine forest canopy, a cut subalpine fir and an artificial conifer were weighed at each of two elevations ( 3230 and 2920 m) at a U. S. continental site (39degrees53'N, 105degrees54'W) from 1 January to 1 May 2001. Measured stand characteristics included canopy density (67% and 75%) and basal area (43.4 and 24.1 m(2) ha(-1)) for the higher and lower elevations, respectively. Temperature, relative humidity, net radiation, wind speed, and mass of snow on suspended trees provided data to determine whether sublimation rates of intercepted snow are more rapid at higher elevations associated with increased wind speed. Measurements showed the unexpected result that wind speed during sublimation periods was lower at higher elevations, probably because of terrain sheltering. The analysis examined 21 storm-free periods ranging in duration from 9 to 53 h. Sublimation rates per unit mass of intercepted snow were significantly larger at the lower-elevation site associated with warmer temperatures, lower relative humidity, and greater wind speeds. Application of meteorological data to an ice sphere model indicated that predicted mean sublimation rates of an ice sphere index were 23% +/- 7% more rapid at the lower elevation due to weather factors alone. However, greater snowfall at higher elevations produced greater interception, resulting in substantially more snow being sublimated back to the atmosphere at the upper site. Over the study period, sublimation of snow intercepted by the test trees amounted to 20% - 30% of total snowfall accumulated at the sites during the 21 storms selected for analysis. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. USA, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Montesi, J (reprint author), Idaho Snow Data Collect Off, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, 9173 W Barnes Dr,Suite C, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM james.montesi@id.usda.gov NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 5 IS 5 BP 763 EP 773 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0763:SOISWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867MT UT WOS:000224847400005 ER PT J AU Sicart, JE Pomeroy, JW Essery, RLH Hardy, J Link, T Marks, D AF Sicart, JE Pomeroy, JW Essery, RLH Hardy, J Link, T Marks, D TI A sensitivity study of daytime net radiation during snowmelt to forest canopy and atmospheric conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Snow Processes - Representation in Atmospheric and Hydrological Models CY JUL, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci ID BOREAL FOREST; ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT-BALANCE; PREDICTION; SHORTWAVE; ABLATION; STAND AB This study investigates the dependence of net radiation at snow surfaces under forest canopies on the overlying canopy density. The daily sum of positive values of net radiation is used as an index of the snowmelt rate. Canopy cover is represented in terms of shortwave transmissivity and sky-view factor. The cases studied are a spruce forest in the Wolf Creek basin, Yukon Territory, Canada, and a pine forest near Fraser, Colorado. Of particular interest are the atmospheric conditions that favor an offset between shortwave energy attenuation and longwave irradiance enhancement by the canopy, such that net radiation does not decrease with increasing forest density. Such an offset is favored in dry climates and at high altitudes, where atmospheric emissivities are low, and in early spring when snow albedos are high and solar elevations are low. For low snow albedos, a steady decrease in snowmelt energy with increasing canopy cover is found, up to a forest density close to the actual densities of mature spruce forests. Snowmelt rates for high albedos are either insensitive or increase with increasing canopy cover. At both sites, foliage area indices close to 2 are associated with a minimum in net radiation, independent of snow albedo or cloud cover. However, these results are more uncertain for open forests because solar heating of trees may invalidate the longwave assumptions, increasing the longwave irradiance. C1 Univ Wales, Ctr Glaciol, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. USA, ERDC, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Sicart, JE (reprint author), Univ Wales, Ctr Glaciol, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. EM jms@aber.ac.uk RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013; OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 5 IS 5 BP 774 EP 784 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0774:ASSODN>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867MT UT WOS:000224847400006 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Irwin, PL Reed, SA Tu, SI Andreotti, PE Akhavan-Tafti, H Handley, RS AF Gehring, AG Irwin, PL Reed, SA Tu, SI Andreotti, PE Akhavan-Tafti, H Handley, RS TI Enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescent detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; chemiluminescence; detection; Escherichia coli; ground beef; immunomagnetic beads ID IN-GROUND BEEF; ADDRESSABLE POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR; ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION; RAPID DETECTION; SALMONELLA; FOODS; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK; O157/H7; BEADS AB E. coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic microorganism that has been implicated in numerous cases of foodborne illnesses. A variety of rapid methods exist that show promise for the presumptive detection of this pathogen without the immediate need for incubating test samples for hours to days in microbial enrichment and culture media. In recent years, highly sensitive chemiluminescence has become a more affordable and portable detection method. Chemilummescent detection has been coupled with the selectivity of antibodies, magnetic microparticle separation/isolation, and enzymatic signal amplification in order to develop a rapid method, termed enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence (ELIMCL). This work presents the application of ELIMCL to the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in pristine buffered saline with a detection limit of 7.6 x 10(3) for live cells in approx. 75 min assay time. The blocking agent casein and the surfactant Tween 20 were used to lower background luminescence and thus maximize signal-to-noise ratios. After 5.5 h of enrichment culture, ELIMCL was demonstrated to detect E. coli O157:H7 inoculated in ground beef at 10 CFU/g in a total assay time of about 7 h. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Atlantic Sci Dev Inc, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33334 USA. Lumigen Inc, Southfield, MI 48034 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM agehring@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD OCT PY 2004 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.07.004 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 866ZQ UT WOS:000224812300009 PM 15541280 ER PT J AU Skinner, KA Leathers, TD AF Skinner, KA Leathers, TD TI Bacterial contaminants of fuel ethanol production SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial contamination; dry grind; fuel ethanol; Lactobacillus; wet mill ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GROWTH; LACTOBACILLI; INHIBITION; YEAST; PENICILLIN; MOLASSES AB Bacterial contamination is an ongoing problem for commercial fuel ethanol production facilities. Both chronic and acute infections are of concern, due to the fact that bacteria compete with the ethanol-producing yeast for sugar substrates and micronutrients. Lactic acid levels often rise during bouts of contamination, suggesting that the most common contaminants are lactic acid bacteria. However, quantitative surveys of commercial corn-based fuel ethanol facilities are lacking. For this study, samples were collected from one wet mill and two dry grind fuel ethanol facilities over a 9 month period at strategic time points and locations along the production lines, and bacterial contaminants were isolated and identified. Contamination in the wet mill facility consistently reached 10(6) bacteria/ml. Titers from dry grind facilities were more variable but often reached 10(8)/ml. Antibiotics were not used in the wet mill operation. One dry grind facility added antibiotic to the yeast propagation tank only, while the second facility dosed the fermentation with antibiotic every 4 h. Neither dosing procedure appeared to reliably reduce overall contamination, although the second facility showed less diversity among contaminants. Lactobacillus species were the most abundant isolates from all three plants, averaging 51. 38, and 77% of total isolates from the wet mill an the first and second dry grind facilities, respectively. Although populations varied over time, individual facilities tended to exhibit characteristic bacterial profiles. suggesting the occurrence of persistent endemic infections. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10295-004-0159-0 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 868IB UT WOS:000224906200002 PM 15338420 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Zhao, Y Hammond, J Hsu, HT Evans, J Feldlaufer, M AF Chen, YP Zhao, Y Hammond, J Hsu, HT Evans, J Feldlaufer, M TI Multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; viruses; coinfection; multiplex RT-PCR ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; QUEEN-CELL-VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA; RNA VIRUSES; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; SACBROOD VIRUS; PCR AB Using uniplex RT-PCR we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and sacbrood virus (SBV), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. We report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. We also developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. The feasibility and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR assay suggests that this assay is an effective tool for simultaneous examination of mixed virus infections in bee colonies and would be useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of honey bee viral diseases in the field and laboratory. Phylogenetic analysis of putative helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) encoded by viruses reveal that DWV and SBV fall into a same clade, whereas KBV and BQCV belong to a distinct lineage with other picoma-like viruses that infect plants, insects and vertebrates. Results from field surveys of these viruses indicate that mixed infections of BQCV, DWV, KBV, and SBV in the honey bee probably arise due to broad geographic distribution of viruses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 34 TC 96 Z9 109 U1 6 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2004.07.005 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 879TW UT WOS:000225742800002 PM 15579317 ER PT J AU Elosua, R Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Fox, CS Polak, JF Wolf, PA D'Agostino, RA O'Donnell, CJ AF Elosua, R Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Fox, CS Polak, JF Wolf, PA D'Agostino, RA O'Donnell, CJ TI Association of APOE genotype with carotid atherosclerosis in men and women: the Framingham Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; atherosclerosis; carotid artery; lipoprotein; apolipoprotein E genotype ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; ARTERIAL-WALL THICKNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; RISK-FACTORS; E ALLELES; E GENE AB The aim of this study was to determine the association between APOE genotype and carotid atherosclerosis, defined as intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and stenosis, and to assess if other cardiovascular risk factors modify this association. A total of 1,315 men and 1,408 women from the Framingham Offspring Study underwent carotid ultrasound during examination cycle 6 and had complete data on APOE genotype. Three APOE genotype groups were defined: APOE2 (including E2/E2, E3/E2 genotypes), APOE3 (010), and APOE4 (including E4/E3, E4/E4 genotypes). Carotid IMT and the presence of carotid stenosis > 25% were determined by ultrasonography. In women, the APOE2 group was associated with lower carotid IMT (0.67 vs. 0.73 mm) and lower prevalence of stenosis (odds ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval = 0.30-0.81) compared with the APOE3 group. In men, APOE genotype was not associated with carotid IMT or stenosis in the whole group; however, diabetes modified the association between APOE genotype and carotid IMT (P for interaction = 0.044). Among men with diabetes, the APOE4 group was associated with a higher internal carotid artery IMT (1.22 mm) than the APOE3 group (0.90 mm) or the APOE2 group (0.84 mm). jlr The E2 allele was associated with lower carotid atherosclerosis in women, and the E4 allele was associated with higher internal carotid IMT in diabetic men. -Elosua, R., J. M. Ordovas, L. A. Cupples, C. S. Fox, J. F. Polak, P. A. Wolf, R. A. D'Agostino, Sr., and C. J. O'Donnell. Association of APOE genotype with carotid atherosclerosis in men and women. The Framingham Heart Study. C1 NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med,Cardiol Div, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Neurol & Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP O'Donnell, CJ (reprint author), NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. EM codonnell@partners.org OI ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776, N01 HC 25195]; NINDS NIH HHS [5R01 NS 17950-22] NR 46 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1868 EP 1875 DI 10.1194/jlr.M4000114-JLR200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 859ZR UT WOS:000224307400009 PM 15258198 ER PT J AU Palaniappan, RUM Chang, YF Hassan, F McDonough, SP Pough, M Barr, SC Simpson, KW Mohammed, HO Shin, S McDonough, P Zuerner, RL Ou, JX Roe, B AF Palaniappan, RUM Chang, YF Hassan, F McDonough, SP Pough, M Barr, SC Simpson, KW Mohammed, HO Shin, S McDonough, P Zuerner, RL Ou, JX Roe, B TI Expression of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein by Leptospira interrogans and evaluation of its diagnostic potential in a kinetic ELISA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION-TEST; BORGPETERSENII SEROVAR HARDJO; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; INFECTED-DOGS; DOT-ELISA; ANTIGEN; VACCINES AB The search for novel antigens suitable for improved vaccines and diagnostic reagents against leptospirosis led to the identification of LigA and LigB. LigA and LigB expression were not detectable at the translation level but were detectable at the transcription level in leptospires grown in vitro. Lig genes were present in pathogenic serovars of Leptospira, but not in non-pathogenic Leptospira biflexa. The conserved and variable regions of LigA and LigB (Con, VarA and VarB) were cloned, expressed and purified as GST-fusion proteins. Purified recombinant LigA and LigB were evaluated for their diagnostic potential in a kinetic ELISA (KELA) using sera from vaccinated and microscopic agglutination test (MAT)-positive dogs. Sera from vaccinated dogs showed reactivity to whole-cell antigens of leptospires but did not show reactivity in the KELA assay with recombinant antigens, suggesting a lack of antibodies to Lig proteins in the vaccinated animals. The diagnostic potential of recombinant Lig antigens in the KELA assay was evaluated by using 67 serum samples with MAT greater than or equal to 1600, which showed reactivity of 76, 41 and 35% to rConA, rVarA and rVarB, respectively. These findings suggest that recombinant antigen to the conserved region of LigA and LigB can differentiate between vaccinated and naturally infected animals. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Chang, YF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yc42@cornell.edu NR 36 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 53 IS 10 BP 975 EP 984 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.45568-0 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 865FB UT WOS:000224686800005 PM 15358819 ER PT J AU Connell, CL Nord, M Lofton, KL Yadrick, K AF Connell, CL Nord, M Lofton, KL Yadrick, K TI Food security of older children can be assessed using a standardized survey instrument SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food security; hunger; children; Rasch model; cognitive testing ID INCOME; HUNGER; INSUFFICIENCY; HEALTH AB Cognitive interviewing methods were used to adapt questions from the U.S. Food Security Survey Module for administration to children. Individual concurrent probing techniques using standardized probes were utilized to assess understanding of the items with 20 African American children (10 males, 10 females, aged 11-13 y). Item wording and response sets were revised, and small groups of boys (n = 5) and girls (n = 14) aged 12-15 y were asked to complete the 9-item survey. Retrospective probing techniques were then used to assess comprehension of items and response sets. Nine items were then piloted in a middle school using a self-administered format. Three hundred forty-five surveys were returned. The majority of the students were between 12 and 15 y (n = 215). Scaling analysis of the 345 completed surveys using statistical methods based on the Rasch measurement model indicated that the module measured a single underlying phenomenon (food insecurity) with sufficient reliability to be a useful tool. The measurable range of food insecurity was about 6 times the estimated measurement error, indicating that the scale could identify 3 categories of food security with reasonable reliability. A survey instrument that reliably measures food security status of individual children can provide researchers with an important tool to assess more accurately the individual-level effects of food security on nutritional status and mental and physical health among this population. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Nutr & Food Syst, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Connell, CL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM carol.connell@usm.edu NR 24 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2566 EP 2572 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300013 PM 15465749 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Pittman, HE Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Pittman, HE Prior, RL TI Pelargonidin is absorbed and metabolized differently than cyanidin after marionberry consumption in pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE anthocyanin; marionberry; absorption; metabolism; HPLC-ESI/MS/MS ID RED GRAPE JUICE; HUMAN URINE; ELDERLY WOMEN; ANTHOCYANINS; RATS; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; FRUIT; BIOAVAILABILITY; ELDERBERRY AB Weaning pigs (7.9 +/- 1.7 kg) were fed a freeze-dried powder of marionberry (MB) by stomach tube to study the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins. Four major anthocyanins (ACNs) were found in MB: cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc, 78%), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (Cy-3-rutin, 20%), pelargonidin-3-glucoside (Pg-3-gIc, 0.4%), and 1 unknown acylated cyanidin-based ACN (UACy, 1.5%). In the urine, the 4 original ACNs and 11 metabolites were identified and quantified. The main metabolites were glucuronidated and/or methylated forms of the original anthocyanins. Total recovery of the 4 original ACNs plus their related metabolites was 0.087 +/- 0.034% for Cy-3-gIc, 0.084 +/- 0.026% for Cy-3-rutin, 0.583 +/- 0.229% for Pg-3-glc and 0.036 +/- 0.011% for UACy (mean +/-SD, n = 3), respectively. For the individual ACNs, the amount of metabolites recovered from Cy-3-rutin was lower than that of the original intact Cy-3-rutin, whereas the amounts of metabolites from Cy-3-glc and Pg-3-glc in the urine were much higher than their original forms. In pig plasma, the 2 original ACNs, Cy-3-glc and Cy-3-rutin, and a trace of 1 metabolite (cyanidin monoglucuronide) were detected. The plasma concentration: dose ratio of Cy-3-rutin was higher than that of Cy-3-gIc. Different aglycones and/or sugar moieties may influence the absorption and metabolism of ACNs. Cy-3-gIc and Cy-3-rutin had similar apparent excretion rates relative to dose, whereas Pg-3-glc had a much higher total urinary excretion than cyanidin-based anthocyanins. Most of Cy-3-gIc and Pg-3-glc were excreted in the form of metabolites, whereas most of the Cy-3-rutin was excreted in its original unmetabolized form. Urinary recovery of the acylated anthocyanin was lower than that of nonacylated anthocyanins. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 37 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2603 EP 2610 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300018 PM 15465754 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Jiang, XW Freytag, T AF Stephensen, CB Jiang, XW Freytag, T TI Vitamin A deficiency increases the in vivo development of IL-10-positive Th2 cells and decreases development of Th1 cells in mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology Meeting CY APR, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE rodent; Th1/Th2; immunomodulators; transgenic/knockout; vitamin A deficiency ID T-CELLS; RETINOIC ACID; ANTIGEN-RECEPTOR; FREUNDS-ADJUVANT; CHILD-MORTALITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IGG RESPONSES; INFECTION; INDUCTION; VITRO AB Vitamin A deficiency impairs both T helper type 1 (Th1)- and type 2 (Th2)-mediated immune responses, although Th2 responses seem to be principally affected. Multiple mechanisms are involved in this immune suppression, but the hypothesis that deficiency affects development of Th1/Th2 memory cell phenotype has not been tested directly in vivo. To do so, lymphocytes from DO11.10 T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice were transferred to vitamin A-deficient or control BALB/c recipients. Recipients were then immunized with the cognate peptide antigen for the TCR-transgenic D011.10 T cells (OVA(323-339)). After 2-5 wk, the transferred OVA(323-339)-Specific T cells were identified from draining lymph nodes with the TCR-clonotypic antibody KJ1-26, and their Th1/Th2 phenotype was characterized by intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. The percentage of CD4(+)KJ1-26(+) cells positive for IL-10 was 100% greater in vitamin A-deficient mice (3.49 +/- 0.41%; mean +/- SE) than in control mice (1.74 +/- 0.37%). IL-4 did not differ between groups. In addition, the percentages of CD4(+)KJ1-26(+) cells from vitamin A-deficient mice that were positive for interferon (IFN)-gamma (8.8 +/- 0.73%) and interleukin (IL)-2 (39.5 +/- 3.1%) were both lower than the percentages in control mice (11.4 +/- 0.67 and 47.0 +/- 2.8%, respectively). Thus vitamin A deficiency, at the time of initial antigen exposure, enhances the development of IL-10-producing Th2 or T regulatory cells and diminishes the development of Th1 memory cells. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephensen@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI 50863] NR 37 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2660 EP 2666 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300027 PM 15465763 ER PT J AU Yun, SM Habicht, JP Miller, DD Glahn, RP AF Yun, SM Habicht, JP Miller, DD Glahn, RP TI An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture system accurately predicts the effects of ascorbic acid and polyphenolic compounds on iron bioavailability in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; Caco-2; ascorbic acid; tannic acid ID NONHEME-IRON; CACO-2 CELLS; DIETARY IRON; ABSORPTION; MODEL; AVAILABILITY; FOOD AB We developed a rapid in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model for assessing relative bioavailabilities of iron in foods and meals. The objective of the present study was to determine how closely our Caco-2 model reflects the human response. Meals described in published reports of studies on effects of varying levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and tannic acid (TA) on iron absorption by human subjects were carefully replicated. Iron absorption ratios (iron absorption from meals containing AA or TA divided by iron absorption from identical meals without these enhancers or inhibitors) were determined using the Caco-2 model. Ferritin formation by the Caco-2 cells was used as an indicator of iron absorption. Response patterns of effects of AA and TA on absorption ratios (AR) calculated from Caco-2 and human data were very similar: AA increased ARs in a dose-response manner and TAs decreased AR. The natural logs of the AIRS determined in Caco-2 and human studies were correlated: R = 0.935 (P = 0.012) and 0.927 (P = 0.007) for AA and TA, respectively. When results from meals with AA and TA were pooled, a linear relation between the natural logs of ARs from Caco-2 and human studies was observed (P = 0.968, P < 0.001). We conclude that our Caco-2 model accurately predicts the human response to AA and TA in the meals we tested. If future work reproduces the precision and accuracy shown in this paper for predicting iron bioavailability to humans, then the implications for saving time and resources in iron bioavailability measurements are considerable. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2717 EP 2721 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300036 PM 15465772 ER PT J AU Bregendahl, K Liu, LJ Cant, JP Bayley, HS McBride, BW Milligan, LP Yen, JT Fan, MZ AF Bregendahl, K Liu, LJ Cant, JP Bayley, HS McBride, BW Milligan, LP Yen, JT Fan, MZ TI Fractional protein synthesis rates measured by an intraperitoneal injection of a flooding dose of L-[ring-(2) H-5]phenylalanine in pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on the Digestive Physiology of Pigs CY MAY, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA DE route of tracer delivery; stable isotopes; isotopic enrichment; piglets ID AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; MUSCLE PROTEIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; SMALL-INTESTINE; IGF-I; TURNOVER; INSULIN; PHENYLALANINE; TISSUES AB Our objectives were to examine the effect of an i.p. injection of a flooding dose Of L-phenylalanine (Phe) containing L-[ring-H-2(5)]Phe on time courses of physiologic responses, the tracer Phe enrichments, and fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) in plasma, visceral organs, and muscles. In a randomized complete block design, 5 blocks of 5 littermate piglets were weaned at 16 d of age and injected i.p. with a flooding dose of L-Phe (1.5 mmol/kg body weight) on d 8 postweaning under fed conditions. Tissues were collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 min postinjection. Plasma glucose concentration increased (cubic effect, P < 0.05) from 4.8 preinjection to 5.8 mmol/L 15 min postinjection and returned to preinjection levels thereafter. Plasma insulin concentration did not change (P > 0.05) over time. Plasma Phe concentration increased logarithmically (P < 0.05) from 85 to 711 mumol/L and reached 95% of the maximum concentration 48 min postinjection, but no changes (P > 0.05) in tissue contents of other free amino acids were observed. The Phe free pools in plasma, visceral organs, and muscles were evenly enriched (32.3 +/- 1.4 mol%) with L-[H-2(5)]Phe 15 min after the i.p. injection. The IFSR in visceral organs did not change (P > 0.05), whereas plasma and muscle protein IFSR decreased (P < 0.05) over time. We conclude that the i.p. injected tracer Phe rapidly distributed into plasma and intra- and extracellular spaces, and was effective for measuring FSR in visceral organs, but not in plasma and muscles of pigs. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Human Biol & Nutr Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fan, MZ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mfan@uoguelph.ca NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 134 IS 10 BP 2722 EP 2728 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 859SN UT WOS:000224288300037 PM 15465773 ER PT J AU Ali, AA Velasquez, MT Hansen, CT Mohamed, AI Bhathena, SJ AF Ali, AA Velasquez, MT Hansen, CT Mohamed, AI Bhathena, SJ TI Effects of soybean isoflavones, probiotics, and their interactions on lipid metabolism and endocrine system in an animal model of obesity and diabetes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soy isoflavones; probiotics; plasma cholesterol; steroid hormones; thyroid hormones ID OVARIECTOMIZED CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SOY PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-LIPIDS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; BIFIDOBACTERIUM-LONGUM AB The effects of soybean isoflavones with or without probiotics on tissue fat deposition, plasma cholesterol, and steroid and thyroid hormones were studied in SHR/N-cp rats, an animal model of obesity, and were compared to lean phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that probiotics by promoting the conversion of isoflavone glycosides to their metabolically active aglycone form will have a synergistic effect on body fat, cholesterol metabolism, and the endocrine system. Obese and lean SHR/N-cp rats were fed AIN-93 diets containing 0.1% soy isoflavone mixture, 0.1% probiotic mixture, or both together. Different fat tissues were teased and weighed. Plasma was analyzed for cholesterol and steroid and thyroid hormones. In both phenotypes, isoflavones lowered fat deposition in several fat depots. Probiotics alone had no significant effect on fat depots. Isoflavones lowered total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol in lean rats, but in obese rats isoflavones lowered only total and LDL cholesterol. Isoflavones also lowered many of the steroid hormones involved in lipid metabolism but had no significant effect on thyroid hormones. Probiotics had no significant effect on cholesterol or hormones. Thus, our data show that soy isoflavones also lower plasma cholesterol and that this hypocholesterolemic effect appears to be due in part to the modulation of steroid hormones. Probiotics do not seem to enhance the effect of isoflavones. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307,Room 315, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhathens@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 10 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877WM UT WOS:000225605600003 PM 15542349 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Elez-Martinez, P Martin-Belloso, O Martin, A AF Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Elez-Martinez, P Martin-Belloso, O Martin, A TI Pulsed electric fields-processed orange juice consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes in healthy humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE orange juice; pulsed electric fields; vitamin C; F2-isoprostanes; uric acid ID SERUM URIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVALENCE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; US ADULTS; IN-VIVO; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FRUIT AB Orange juice, a rich source of vitamin C, accounts for 60% of all fruit juices and juice-based drinks consumed in western Europe. Orange juice preservation is currently accomplished by traditional pasteurization. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) have been studied as a nonthermal food preservation method. Food technology needs in the area of processing are driven by nutrition. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the bioavailability of vitamin C from pulsed electric fields-treated orange juice in comparison with freshly squeezed orange juice and its impact on 8-epiPGF(2alpha) concentrations (biomarker of lipid peroxidation) in a healthy human population. Six subjects consumed 500 mL/day of pulsed electric fields-treated orange juice and six subjects consumed 500 mL/day of freshly squeezed orange juice for 14 days, corresponding to an intake of about 185 mg/day of ascorbic acid. On the first day of the study, subjects drank the juice in one dose, and on days 2-14 they consumed 250 mL in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected every hour for 6 hours on the first day and again on days 7 and 14. In the dose-response study, the maximum increase in plasma vitamin C occurred 4 hours postdose. Vitamin C remained significantly higher on days 7 and 14 in both orange juice groups. Plasma 8-epiPGF(2alpha) concentrations was lower at the end of the study (P < 0.001) in both groups. Plasma levels of vitamin C and 8-epiPGF(2alpha) were inversely correlated. Pulsed electric fields-preservation of orange juice retains the vitamin C bioavailability and antioxidant properties of fresh juice with a longer shelf-life. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Clin Puerta de Hierro, Sect Nutr, Unit Vitamins, Madrid, Spain. Univ Lleida, Dept Food Technol, UTPV, CeRTA, Lleida, Spain. RP Sanchez-Moreno, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM csanchezm@if.csic.es RI Martin-Belloso, Olga/B-8281-2011; Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/D-1337-2012; Elez-Martinez, Pedro/A-9286-2010; Granado, Fernando/D-1048-2011; De Ancos, Begona/H-5744-2012; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Martin-Belloso, Olga/0000-0002-7027-6972; Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/0000-0002-4913-5171; Elez-Martinez, Pedro/0000-0002-0765-4272; Granado, Fernando/0000-0002-5561-7564; De Ancos, Begona/0000-0002-8890-7525; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 54 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 10 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 877WM UT WOS:000225605600005 PM 15542351 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Levy, MZ Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Dahl, E Thulliez, P Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Levy, MZ Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Dahl, E Thulliez, P Lehmann, T TI Tissue distribution and molecular characterization of chicken isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from Peru SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; OOCYSTS; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; SHEEP; CATS; RESPONSES; ABORTION AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in sera of 50 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Peru was 26% on the basis of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to1:5) chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from the remaining 37 seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to 2 T. gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts; they did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the hearts of 10 seropositive chickens but not from their brains and pectoral muscles. Genotyping of these isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that 7 isolates were type I and 3 were type III. Six of the 7 type-I isolates were avirulent for mice, which was unusual because type-I isolates are considered virulent for mice. The T. gondii isolates were from chickens from different properties that were at least 200 m apart. Thus, each isolate is likely to be different. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Peru. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1645/GE-329R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400013 PM 15562600 ER PT J AU Hoberg, ER Lichtenfels, JR Gibbons, L AF Hoberg, ER Lichtenfels, JR Gibbons, L TI Phylogeny for species of Haemonchus (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea): Considerations of their evolutionary history and global biogeography among Camelidae and Pecora (Artiodactyla) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROOKS PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; VALIANT FAILURE; PLACEI; KEY; IDENTIFICATION AB Phylogenetic analysis of 25 morphological characters among the 12 species of Haemonchus resulted in I most parsimonious tree (60 steps: consistency index = 0.67, retention index = 0.80). Monophyly for Haemonchus was diagnosed by 3 unequivocal synapomorphies, including the asymmetric origin of the dorsal ray, relative size of the ventral rays, and the presence of a barb on each spicule tip. Species of Haemonchus have complex histories with respect to host and geographic associations: (1) origins in Africa with basal diversification in antelopes (H. krugeri, H. lawrencei, H. dinniki, H. horaki), (2) independent events of colonization for those species in Caprini and Bovinae (H. contortus, H. placei, H. bedfordi, H. similis), (3) colonization and development of core host associations within Camelidae (H. longistipes) and among Antilopinae, Tragelaphini. and Giraffidae (H. mitchelli, H. okopiae, H. vegliai), and (4) geographically widespread species that are represented only by those that have been translocated with domestic stock. The North American fauna is characterized by 3 introduced and exotic species. H. placei. H. contortus. H. similis, which emphasizes the importance of continued documentation of faunal diversity in the context of predictive foundations derived from phylogenetic studies. Satellite associations for species of Haemonchus, particularly among Cervidae and Camelidae in the Neotropics and Cervidae, Antilocapridae, and possibly wild Caprinae in the Nearctic, have been a consequence of introductions and exchange of parasites at historical interfaces for managed and natural ecosystems. Such distributions are emblematic of the overriding significance of anthropogenic factors its determinants of the global distributions for pathogenic parasites in domestic and wild ruminants. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 81 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1102 DI 10.1645/GE-3309 PG 18 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400022 PM 15562609 ER PT J AU Poinar, G Vega, FE Castillo, A Chavez, IE Infante, F AF Poinar, G Vega, FE Castillo, A Chavez, IE Infante, F TI Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi N. sp (Nematoda : Allantonematidae), a parasite of the coffee berry borer, hypothenemus hampei (Curculionidae : Scolytwae) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Metaparasitylenchus hypothenemi n. sp. (Nematoda: Allantonematidae) is described from the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in Chiapas, Mexico. This species differs from other members of the genus by its small size, annulated cuticle, lateral fields with 3 ridges, free-living stages with an excretory pore located between the pharyngeal gland orifices, a distinct stylet with basal swellings in free-living females, a postvulval uterine extension, a thin stylet lacking basal swellings in males, 2 separate spicules, a gubernaculum, and a peloderan bursa. Parasitic females are white, with a straight or slightly curved body and are ovoviviparous. Third-stage juveniles emerge from parasitized beetles and molt twice before reaching the adult stage. Because the coffee berry borer is the most important pest of coffee throughout the world and this parasite partially or completely sterilizes female beetles, it is worthy of further investigation as a potential biological control agent. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ECOSUR, Chiapas 30700, Mexico. RP Poinar, G (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu RI Alfredo, Castillo/B-5491-2016 OI Alfredo, Castillo/0000-0003-1452-0026 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1106 EP 1110 DI 10.1645/GE-3369 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400024 PM 15562611 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Parnell, PG Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB De Young, RW Dahl, E Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Parnell, PG Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB De Young, RW Dahl, E Lehmann, T TI Biologic and molecular characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia), and cats (Felis catus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CHICKENS; BRAZIL; PREVALENCE; VIRULENCE; GENOTYPE; ANIMALS; SHEEP; PIGS AB Toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. Type I isolates are considered virulent to outbred mice, whereas Type II and III isolates are not. In the present report, viable T. gondii was isolated for the first time from striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), and black-winged lory (Eos cyanogenia). For the isolation of T. gondii, tissues were bioassayed in mice, and genotyping was based on the SAG2 locus. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated front 3 of 6 skunks. 1 of 4 Canada geese, and 2 of 2 feral cats (Felis catus) from Mississippi. All donor animals were asymptomatic. Viable T. gondii was also isolated from 5 of 5 lories that had died of acute toxoplasmosis in an aviary in South Carolina. Genotypes of T. gondii isolates were Type III (all skunks, lories, and the goose) and Type II (both cats). All 5 Type III isolates from birds and 2 of the 3 isolates from skunks were mouse virulent. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Vet Diagnost Ctr, Columbia, SC 29224 USA. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1645/GE-340R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400035 PM 15562622 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Miska, KB Hill, DE Vianna, MCB Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Miska, KB Hill, DE Vianna, MCB Lindsay, DS TI Molecular and biologica characterization of Hammondia heydori-like oocysts from a dog fed hearts from naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; DIFFERENTIATION; DIAGNOSIS; FECES; FOX AB Neospora caninum and Hammnondia heydorni are morphologically and phylogenetically related coccidians that are found in dogs. Although there is serological evidence of N. caninum infection in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the parasite has not been yet isolated from the tissues of this host. In an attempt to isolate N. caninum from deer, hearts from 4 deer with antibodies to N. caninum were fed to 2 dogs. One of these dogs shed unsporulated oocysts 12-14 mum in diameter. Sporulated oocysts were not infective to Mongolian gerbils (Meriones ungulatus), and DNA isolated from these oocysts was not amplified using N. caninum-specific primers. However, positive amplification with the H. heydorni-specific first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) primers and common toxoplasmatiid ITS-1 primers confirmed the presence of H. heydorni DNA in the samples. The oocysts were considered to be H. heydorni on the basis of their morphology, biology, and molecular characteristics. This is the first record of a H. heydornilike parasite in the white-tailed deer. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Nat Resources, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Nat Resources, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1176 DI 10.1645/GE-324R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400036 PM 15562623 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Higgins, J Kniel, K Trout, J Fayer, R AF Jenkins, M Higgins, J Kniel, K Trout, J Fayer, R TI Protection of calves against cryptosporlosis by oral inoculation with gamma-irradiated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; SPOROZOITES; IMMUNITY; MALARIA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INFECTIVITY; COCCIDIOSIS; FALCIPARUM; CHALLENGE; INJECTION AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma-irradiated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts could elicit protective immunity against cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves. Cryptosporidium parvum Iowa strain oocysts (1 X 10(6) per inoculation) were exposed to various levels of gamma irradiation (350-500 Gy) and inoculated into 1-day-old dairy calves. The calves were examined daily for clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis, and fecal samples were processed for the presence of C. parvum oocysts. At 21 days of age, the calves were challenged by oral inoculation with 1 X 10(5) C. parvum oocysts and examined daily for oocyst shedding and clinical cryptosporidiosis. Calves that were inoculated with C. parvum oocysts exposed to 350375 Gy shed C. parvum oocysts in feces. Higher irradiation doses (450 or 500 Gy) prevented oocyst development, but the calves remained susceptible to C. parvum challenge infection. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts exposed to 400 Gy were incapable of any measurable development but retained the capacity to elicit a protective response against C. parvum challenge. These findings indicate that it may be possible to protect calves against cryptosporidiosis by inoculation with C. parvum oocysts exposed to 400-Gy gamma irradiation. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mjenkins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1180 DI 10.1645/GE-3333RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 869GM UT WOS:000224971400038 PM 15562625 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Landucci, LL AF Agarwal, UP Landucci, LL TI FT-Raman investigation of bleaching of spruce thermornechanical pulp SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermomechanical pulps; Fournier analysis; Raman spectroscopy; picea; bleached pulps; quinones ID THERMOMECHANICAL PULP; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; MECHANICAL PULPS; GROUNDWOOD PULPS; CHEMICAL-CHANGES; LIGNIN; SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD; DELIGNIFICATION AB Spruce thermomechanical pulp was bleached initially by alkaline hydrogen peroxide and then by sodium dithionite and sodium borohydride. Near-infrared Fourier-transform-Raman spectroscopy revealed that spectral differences were due primarily to coniferaldehyde and p-quinone structures in lignin, new direct evidence that bleaching removes p-quinone structures. In unbleached pulp, the contribution of p-quinones was detected in the 1665-1690 cm(-1) region. This contribution was removed to varying degrees in bleached pulps, depending on the extent to which the pulps were brightened. The relative change in the post-colour number of pulp was correlated linearly with the Raman intensity decline in the 1665-1690 cm-1 region, indicating that p-quinone structures were largely responsible for determining pulp brightness. The C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of milled softwood lignins, obtained to further support the Raman findings, exhibited a peak at similar to180 ppm due to quinones. This peak was not detected in the spectra of milled hardwood lignins. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 30 IS 10 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 881WJ UT WOS:000225899800002 ER PT J AU Lehtonen, LK Lehto, JH Rudie, A AF Lehtonen, LK Lehto, JH Rudie, A TI Development of unbonded and bonded areas in relation to Populus species wood characteristics in grinding SO JOURNAL OF PULP AND PAPER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE populus; grinding; wood properties; mechanical pulps; specific surface; fiber bonding; mechanical papers; optical properties; mechanical properties; energy consumption ID FIBER DEVELOPMENT; PULP QUALITY; TMP; THINNINGS; PAPER AB In terms of fibre development in mechanical pulping, most of the energy is spent on the creation of specific surface area. The total surface area created can be divided into two categories: surface area that adds to the unbonded area (optical properties) and surface area that adds to the bonded area (strength properties) of mechanical papers. This paper considers these two types of physical characteristics developed during grinding of Populus species wood. Wood fibre characteristics are used to explain the variation of the development of bonded and unbonded areas. It is shown that the development of unbonded and bonded areas when grinding Populus species is a function of wood cell wall thickness, and thin-walled wood sources produce significantly higher unbonded and bonded areas at constant specific energy consumption. It is also shown that a constant specific energy consumption control philosophy does not compensate for changes in the wood characteristics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, IPST, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. UPM Res Ctr, FIN-53200 Lappeenranta, Finland. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lehtonen, LK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, IPST, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lauri.lehtonen@ipst.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PULP & PAPER TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION CANADA PI MONTREAL PA 740 NOTRE DAME WEST, STE 810, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3X6, CANADA SN 0826-6220 J9 J PULP PAP SCI JI J. Pulp Pap. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 30 IS 10 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 881WJ UT WOS:000225899800003 ER PT J AU Park, SY Woodward, CL Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Park, SY Woodward, CL Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Influence of oxidation-reduction reductants on Salmonella typhimurium growth rates after initial pH adjustment and zinc compound addition SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC GROWTH; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; RUMINANTIUM; INHIBITION AB The objective of this study was to examine the separate influence of acidic pH, reductants (cysteine and sulfide) and zinc compounds (Zn acetate and Zn sulfate) during anaerobic growth of a S. typhimurium poultry isolate in rich or minimal media. The anaerobic growth of a S. typhimurium poultry isolate in TSB medium was significantly inhibited by either acidic initial pH or higher concentrations of Zn acetate. S. typhimurium anaerobic growth in M9 minimal medium was significantly inhibited by either acidic pH or higher concentrations of Zn acetate or Zn sulfate. Most anaerobic growth rates of the S. typhimurium poultry isolate in acidic media and with higher concentrations of Zn acetate or Zn sulfate were less than 0.10 h(-1). The overall anaerobic growth rates of S. typhimurium were inhibited more in the presence (0.089 h(-1)) of reductants than in the absence (0.102 h(-1)) of reductants in M9 medium. Results in this study suggest that either increasing Zn concentration or decreasing initial pH can reduce growth rate of foodborne Salmonella under anaerobic growth conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Food Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, MS 2472, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00062.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 865FI UT WOS:000224687500004 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Wijey, C Paoli, G Irwin, P Gehring, A AF Tu, SI Wijey, C Paoli, G Irwin, P Gehring, A TI Detection of viable bacteria cells by bioluminescence: A bioenergetic approach SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAY; LUCIFERASE AB The cellular ATP content of fourteen freshly harvested bacteria including Bacillus, Campylobacter, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Pediococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Streptococcus and Yersinia, was determined using a luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence approach. Incubation of bacteria with carbonyl cyanide meta-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a membrane protonophore, prior to cell breakage substantially lowered the bioluminescence signals indicating a decrease of cellular ATP content. The addition of CCCP after cell breakage had no detectable effect on the ATP levels. This differential effect of CCCP was not observed using heat-killed bacteria, i.e., the ATP content was not affected by CCCP incubation. The CCCP effects on cellular ATP level were detectable in bacterial suspensions with concentrations ranging from 10(6) to 10(3) CFU/mL. Upon cold storage, the ATP content, but not the population of viable bacteria, decreased. The ATP content could be partially restored by the addition of glucose. ne ATP content restored by the addition of glucose was also sensitive to CCCP treatment. These results demonstrated that viable bacterial cells can be differentiated from dead cells by their responses to membrane protonophores. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00064.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 865FI UT WOS:000224687500006 ER PT J AU Adams, BT Reid, JF Hummel, JW Zhang, Q Hoeft, RG AF Adams, BT Reid, JF Hummel, JW Zhang, Q Hoeft, RG TI Effects of central tire inflation systems on ride quality of agricultural vehicles SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE CTIS; ISO2631; ride; comfort; tractor; central tire inflation AB Instrumentation to collect ISO2631 ride data was installed on a CaseIH 8950 tractor equipped with a central tire inflation system (CTIS). Data were collected at two speeds on three courses representing degraded secondary roads, moderately rough fields, and the toughest of farming conditions. Reductions in tire pressures available with central tire inflation resulted in greater tire deflections and, consequently, a smoother ride. The CTIS improved the ride of the vehicle by 99% over properly inflated tires on average, and by 177% when not in resonance. (C) 2004 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. John Deere Technol Ctr, Moline, IL 61265 USA. ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Adams, BT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 234 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM adamsbt@missouri.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.02.01 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 860BF UT WOS:000224311700002 ER PT J AU Jun, HG Way, TR Lofgren, B Landstrom, M Bailey, AC Burt, EC McDonald, TP AF Jun, HG Way, TR Lofgren, B Landstrom, M Bailey, AC Burt, EC McDonald, TP TI Dynamic load and inflation pressure effects on contact pressures of a forestry forwarder tire SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE soil-tire interface; soil compaction; tractive performance; tractive efficiency; net traction; stresses ID INTERFACE STRESSES AB A Trelleborg Twin 421 Mark II 600/55-26.5 steel-reinforced bias-ply forwarder drive tire at inflation pressures of 100 and 240 kPa and dynamic loads of 23.9 and 40 kN was used at 5% travel reduction on a firm clay soil. Effects of dynamic load and inflation pressure on soil-tire contact pressures were determined using six pressure transducers mounted on the tire tread. Three were mounted on the face of a lug and three at corresponding locations on the undertread. Contact angles increased with decreases in inflation pressure and increases in dynamic load. Contact pressures on a lug at the edge of the tire increased as dynamic load increased. Mean and peak pressures on the undertread generally were less than those on a lug. The peak pressures on a lug occurred forward of the axle in nearly all combinations of dynamic load, inflation pressure, and pressure sensor location, and peak pressures on the undertread occurred to the rear of the axle in most of the combinations. Ratios of the peak contact pressure to the inflation pressure ranged from 0 at the edge of the undertread for three combinations of dynamic load and inflation pressure to 8.39 for the pressure sensor on a lug, near the tire centerline, when the tire was underinflated. At constant dynamic load, net traction and tractive efficiency decreased as inflation pressure increased. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biomechatron Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. SkogForsk, S-75183 Uppsala, Sweden. Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Way, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM tway@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jterra.2004.03.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 860BF UT WOS:000224311700003 ER PT J AU Kruzich, LA Marquis, GS Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB AF Kruzich, LA Marquis, GS Wilson, CM Stephensen, CB TI HIV-infected US youth are at high risk of obesity and poor diet quality: A challenge for improving short- and long-term health outcomes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BODY-MASS INDEX; EATING INDEX; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTHOOD; DESIGN; LIPODYSTROPHY; ADOLESCENCE; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB Objective To examine the relationships among dietary quality, weight status, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in US adolescents and young adults. Design This cross-sectional study was embedded in the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health cohort study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, at-risk youth. Biochemical, clinical, and sociodemographic data were available. Dietary intake was collected using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and a modified Healthy Eating Index was calculated to measure diet quality. Subjects/Setting Participants included 264 HIV-infected and 127 HIV-uninfected youth 13 to 23 years old (75.2% women, 67.3% African American/non-Hispanic, 20.5% Hispanic, 12.3% other) at 14 clinic sites. Statistical Analyses Performed Determinants of obesity and the modified Healthy Eating Index were tested using logistic and generalized linear regression. Results About half (51.7%) of participants were overweight or obese. Obesity was positively associated with being a woman, living independently, watching television greater than or equal to3 hours per day, previous dieting, and being from the northeastern or southern United States. Youth who were HIV uninfected or HIV infected with CD4(+) T cells greater than or equal to500 cells/muL had similar obesity rates; overweight (25%) and obesity (20%) was prevalent among women even with CD4(+) T cells <200 cells/muL. The modified Healthy Eating Index score was 56.2+/-0.6, reflecting a diet needing improvement. HIV infection, watching television greater than or equal to3 hours/day, and being from the Chicago, IL, area were associated with a lower-quality diet. Conclusions Obesity is a common nutrition problem for both HIV-infected and uninfected youth; however, HIV-infected youth are at increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities. Culturally appropriate, client-focused nutrition education will help youth improve their diet and increase physical activity to reduce health consequences associated with both obesity and HIV infection. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat & Med, Birmingham, AL USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. RP Kruzich, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 220 MacKay Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lkruzich@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46183]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD32830] NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1554 EP 1560 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.07.031 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 858WP UT WOS:000224223300013 PM 15389413 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA TI Synthesis of a fatty tetrahydroxyamide using peroxygenase from oat seeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE t-butylhydroperoxide; N-i-butyl-9,10-15,16-diepoxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide; N-i-butyl-9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienamide; N-i-butyl-9,10,15,16-tetrahydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide; hydroperoxide; linolenate amide; peroxygenase ID EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; ACIDS; ESTERS; OILS AB Prior work has shown that oat (Avena sativa) seeds are a rich source of lipase and peroxygenase. Partial epoxidation of the isobutyl amide derivative of alpha-linolenic acid with peroxygenase gave N-i-butyl-9,10-15,16-diepoxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide, a diepoxide product in which the epoxides reside only at the formerly external double bond positions. No amide hydrolysis occurred during the epoxidation procedure. Hydrolysis of the diepoxide gave N-i-butyl-9,11 0,15,1 6-tetrahydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenamide, a polyol derivative with relatively high polarity, potentially useful in developing new materials from fats and oils. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gpiazza@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 10 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1004-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 877IJ UT WOS:000225561300006 ER PT J AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Isbell, TA AF Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Isbell, TA TI Cinnamoyl esters of lesquerella and castor oil: Novel sunscreen active ingredients SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE castor oil; cinnamic acid; esterification; lesquerella oil; methoxycinnamic acid; sunscreens ID LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; ESTOLIDES; FENDLERI; ACIDS; SEED AB Lesquerella and castor oils were esterified with cinnamic acid (CA) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA). Esterification of the hydroxy oils reached 85% completion with CA and 50% conversion with MCA. The hydroxy oils were esterified at 200degreesC under a nitrogen atmosphere within a sealed system. Unreacted CA and MCA were removed from the reaction mixtures by sublimation at 100degreesC under vacuum. The resultant methoxycinnamic oils possessed a broader, more blue-shifted UV absorbance, 250 to 345 nm with a lambda(max) of 305 nm, compared with the cinnamic oils, which absorbed from 260 to 315 nm, lambda(max) of 270 nm. The methoxycinnamic oils provide better UV-B absorption and thus are better candidates to be used as sunscreen active ingredients. Esterifications of the hydroxy oils with MCA at 200degreesC resulted in conversion of 40% of the MCA to undesirable by-products. Esterifications with MCA performed at 175degreesC in the presence of a tin catalyst resulted in similar percent conversions to product without degradation of MCA. Esterifications of lesquerella oil with MCA at 175degreesC resulted in higher conversions, 43%, than analogous esterifications with castor oil, 29%. The hydroxyl groups of the lesquerella and castor oils provide their excellent emolliency, lubricity, and noncomedogenicity in skin and personal-care products. Therefore, reactions that convert only 50% of the available hydroxyl groups of the lesquerella oil to cinnamoyl-esters are preferred. C1 ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM comptond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 10 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1006-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 877IJ UT WOS:000225561300008 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Curren, MSS AF Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Curren, MSS TI Use of liquid carbon dioxide to remove hexane from soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE desolventization; extraction; fractionation; hexane; liquid carbon dioxide; soybean oil ID SUPERCRITICAL CO2; EXTRACTION AB Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2) was investigated as a means to separate hexane from the mixture of soybean oil (SBO) and hexane resulting from the hexane extraction of soybeans. Using a fractionation tower, 5 vol of CO2 (i.e., 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 L expanded gas) were passed through 50 mL of two concentrations of n-hexane (i.e., 10 and 25% w/w) in SBO. After passing through the hexane/SBO mixture, the expanded CO, was passed through a chilled collection flask to capture extracted hexane and SBO. The raffinate SBO was removed from the column and analyzed for residual hexane using International Organization for Standardization Method 9832:2002. Residual hexane decreased as the amount of L-CO2 used increased and was less than 20 ppm after 200 L of CO2. The amount of SBO extracted increased with the volume of CO2 used. Significantly more SBO and hexane were collected from the 25% sample than the 10% sample. During the extraction of the mixture, the CO2 selectively carried over TG with lower M.W. This research demonstrates the ability to use L-CO2 to remove hexane from mixtures of hexane and SBO at both low pressures and temperatures. C1 NCAUR, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ellerfj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 10 BP 989 EP 992 DI 10.1007/s11746-004-1011-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 877IJ UT WOS:000225561300013 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Bradford, JM AF Malik, NSA Bradford, JM TI Genetic diversity and clonal variation among olive cultivars offer hope for selecting cultivars for Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OLEA-EUROPAEA AB Some researchers in the past have discouraged the cultivation of olives as a commercial crop in Texas. Their argument was primarily based on the temperature data of olive growing areas in the world versus the climatic conditions in Texas. Actual growth and performance of olive trees was not tested at any location in Texas. However, approximately 5-6 years ago, interested farmers started a few olive groves on a trial basis at different locations in the Texas Valley. Normally, olive trees mature and then start flowering and fruiting within 4-6 years; early maturing cultivars can produce fruits within a year. A survey on the performance of these trees was, therefore, conducted during the 2002 and 2003 seasons to ascertain whether adaptability to local climatic conditions exists among clones of various olive cultivars planted at different locations. The survey identified clonal variation among two trees with striking adaptability to local climatic conditions thus producing flowers and fruits under conditions in which other olive cultivars did not flower. In addition, several trees were identified that produced remarkably well at different locations under climatic conditions that were marginally conducive to flowering. This information about the adaptability of some trees, exhibiting clonal variation, to the Valley climate offers hope that promising cultivars of olives could be developed for Texas by tapping into natural genetic diversity, clonal variation, and the adaptability of olive plant accessions to local climatic conditions. Additionally, there is a need to further evaluate the performance of selected trees and to import more cultivars from areas with climatic conditions similar to Texas for additional testing at different sites in Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 866FH UT WOS:000224758700003 ER PT J AU Hummer, K Sabitov, A AF Hummer, K Sabitov, A TI Genetic resistance to currant borer in Ribes cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON AB The larvae of the currant borer (Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck), a clearwing moth, are pests of cultivated black, red, and white currants (Ribes L.) throughout the world. While broad-spectrum insecticides are the standard control, more environmentally friendly techniques, such as mating disruption using synthetic pheromones, can be successful. Genetic resistance is not extensively reported or employed as a pest control strategy. We screened 150 diverse black (Ribes subgenus: Ribes section: Botrycarpum), red and white currants (Ribes subgenus: Ribes section: Ribes) at the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository-Corvallis (NCGR), for natural infestation by currant borer. Dependent on stem availability 130 dormant canes (about 20 cm) were collected. Canes were cut transversely, and dissected longitudinally. In highly infested black currant cultivars, such as R. nigrum L. 'Silvergeters Zwarte,' 2 or 3 larvae were observed within one cane. The R. nigrum 'Black Naples' derivatives, 'Saunders' and 'Kerry', had low larval counts, although 'Neosypaushayasya' was highly infested. Some black currant cultivars from Northern Sweden, Russia, and England had low counts. Cane borer larvae were not observed in any of the pink or white flowering currants, Ribes sanguineum Pursh or in golden currants, R. aureum var. villosa cvs. Crandall, Idaho or Gwens. Red currant hybrid cultivars with a complex pedigree containing R. rubrum with R. multiflorum Kit. ex Schult. cvs. Detvan, Mulka, Redstart, Rolan, Rosetta, Rondom, and Rovada, had low larval counts, although others of similar background, such as 'Blanka', were highly infested. The infestation frequency of the samples described a negative exponential function rather than a normal distribution. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR Corvallis, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NI Vavilov All Union Res Inst Plant Ind, Far E Expt Stn, Vladivostok, Russia. RP Hummer, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR Corvallis, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 58 IS 4 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 866FH UT WOS:000224758700005 ER PT J AU Caratti, JF Nesser, JA Maynard, CL AF Caratti, JF Nesser, JA Maynard, CL TI Watershed classification using canonical correspondence analysis and clustering techniques: A cautionary note SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed classification; statistical analysis; modeling; multiscaled data; Geographic Information Systems; Rosgen stream types; climate; basin morphometrics ID ECOREGIONS AB Watershed classification using multivariate techniques requires the incorporation of continuous datasets representing controlling environmental variables. Often, out of convenience and availability rather than importance to the structure of the system being modeled, the environmental data used originate from a variety of sources and scales. To demonstrate the importance of appropriate environmental data selection, classifications of six-digit hydrologic units (1:24,000) across selected geographic areas within the Interior Columbia River Basin were produced. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to select and test environmental variables important in predicting Rosgen stream types and valley bottom classes. Then, hierarchical agglomerative clustering was used to group (classify) watersheds based on these variables. Statistically significant results were derived from the use of organized classification data with presumed predictive relationships to watershed properties, and a random distribution of environmental variables from the same datasets provided similar results. The results contained herein demonstrate that these analysis techniques do not necessarily select meaningful variables from a broad spectrum of data and that significant results are easily generated from randomly associated data. It is suggested that classifications produced using these multivariate techniques, especially when using multi-scale data or data of unknown significance, are subject to invalid inferences and should be used with caution. C1 Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Watershed Res Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Caratti, JF (reprint author), Syst Environm Management, 315 South 4th East, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM john@caratti.net NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1257 EP 1268 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01584.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 865SA UT WOS:000224721900011 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, EE TI A new species of Torymus (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) associated with Dactylopius (Hemiptera : Dactylopiidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE new species; Torymidae; Torymus; Dactylopius AB Torymus evansi Grissell, new species, is described, illustrated, and compared to other Nearetic species of the genus. Morphologically it is intermediate between the variaus and tubicola species groups. Torymus evausi is associated with rearings of Ductylopius sp. (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) on Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae), and although its true host remains unknown, the association with this host-complex is unique for the genus. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,CE 520,MRC168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM egrissel@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 77 IS 4 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.2317/E-9.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 880FV UT WOS:000225775300025 ER PT J AU Cho, MJ Howard, LR Prior, RL Clark, JR AF Cho, MJ Howard, LR Prior, RL Clark, JR TI Flavonoid glycosides and antioxidant capacity of varous blackberry, blueberry and red grape genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flavonols; anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity (ORAL); blackberry; blueberry; red grape; HPLC/MS ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; FRUITS; RISK; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOLICS; PROFILE AB Anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides of various blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes were identified and measured by a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. With this method, two distinct elution regions of anthocyanins and flavonols were obtained with near baseline separation of most compounds. Blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes varied markedly in total anthocyanins and total flavonols as well as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The respective ranges of total anthocyanin (TA) and total flavonol (TF) contents of tested samples were: blackberries, 1143.9-2415.4 and 102.0-160.2 mg kg(-1); blueberries, 1435.2-8227.3 and 172.5-327.5 mg kg(-1); and red wine grapes, 380.9-7904.7 and 21.0-322.2 mg kg(-1). Antioxidant activities and contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonols in blackberries, blueberries and red wine grapes were highly correlated, with linear relationships between ORAC and TA (r(xy) = 0.94) and TF (r(xy) = 0.90) for grapes, TA (r(xy) = 0.95) for blueberries and TA (r(xy) = 0.74) for blackberries. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 35 TC 157 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13 BP 1771 EP 1782 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1885 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 856KO UT WOS:000224044300022 ER PT J AU Schulz, K Zasada, J AF Schulz, K Zasada, J TI Annual, local, and individual variation in the inflorescence and fruit production of eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris L. Thymelaeaceae) SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE understory shrub; reproductive output; masting; shade tolerance ID HAMAMELIS-VIRGINIANA; FORESTS; MAINTENANCE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB Eastern Leatherwood (Dirca palustris L., Thymelaeaceae) is a sporadically occurring understory shrub of shady Acer saccharum-Tsuga canadensis-Betula allegheniensis stands in the northwestern Great Lakes states. Temperature during the pollination season (late April and early May) varies greatly between years and presumably limits pollinator activity. In addition, very limited light availability poses the question of how stable flower production, fruit set, and fruit production are through time when vegetative growth must also be supported from a limited pool of photosynthate. We compared reproductive performance characteristics among natural stands in Upper Michigan, USA across seven years. In addition, we inquired whether small or deeply shaded shrubs tended to be less consistent fruit producers. Fruit set fluctuated considerably over the period, but several conspicuously good and poor years did not correspond to temperature patterns. Flower production was largely stable at the stand level over the seven year period, with increases in years 2000 and 2001. Fruit production was a function of shrub size and did not differ between years or between stands. At an individual level, small and deeply shaded individuals tended to have one or two conspicuously good fruiting years against a background of low fruit production; sunlit and larger individuals were more consistent fruit producers. Fruit production was not related to the previous year's fruit crop. Shrub size and, secondarily, light availability were the important determinants of fruit production, implying that stand age and history govern the population recruitment of leatherwood. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54051 USA. RP Schulz, K (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. EM kschulz@siue.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 131 IS 4 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.2307/4126935 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 898MN UT WOS:000227081000002 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI Composition, structure, and dynamics of a pine-hardwood old-growth remnant in southern Arkansas SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; fire; salvage logging; succession; Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain; windthrow ID NATURAL AREA; OAK FOREST; DISTURBANCE; STANDS; USA; MATURE; TEXAS AB The Levi Wilcoxon Demonstration Forest (LWDF) was originally established by the Crossett Lumber Company in 1939 to promote forestry research and demonstration in the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of southern Arkansas. The reserve currently has at least 27 different overstory tree species, with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) comprising the majority of stand basal area. Hardwoods are most numerous, dominated by shade-tolerant species such as red maple (Acer rubrum L.), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica L.), and winged elm (Ulmus alata Michx.), especially in the subcanopy and understory. Large pines, oaks, and sweetgum are scattered throughout the stand, with some individuals exceeding 100 cm DBH and 45 m tall. Overstory trees rarely proved sound enough to age, but some stumps, logs, and increment cores suggest that the dominant canopy pines are 100 to 150 years old, with the largest individuals exceeding 200 years. Pines contributed the greatest amount of coarse woody debris, The average volume of dead wood was noticeably less than other examples of old-growth upland forest in the eastem United States, attributable largely to salvage. Increased windthrow and the salvage of dead and dying pines have become the primary perturbations of the LWDR Without large-scale disturbance like catastrophic fire or logging, shade-intolerant pines, oaks, and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) will decline in prominence, to be replaced by more shade-tolerant species. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 131 IS 4 BP 320 EP 336 DI 10.2307/4126938 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 898MN UT WOS:000227081000005 ER PT J AU Hochstrasser, T Peters, DPC AF Hochstrasser, T Peters, DPC TI Subdominant species distribution in microsites around two life forms at a desert grassland-shrubland transition zone SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE annual; Bouteloua eriopoda; dominant plant; ecotone; functional group; Larrea tridentata; scale; shrub invasion; spatial heterogeneity ID LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SEED DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; KANGAROO RATS; PLANTS; ECOTONE; COMMUNITIES AB Question: In the same landscape context - at a desert grassland-shrubland transition zone, how does subdominant plant abundance vary in microsites around dominant grasses and shrubs? Location: Sevilleta LTER, New Mexico, USA (34degrees21' N; 106degrees53' W; 1650 in a.s.l.). Methods: We compared the distribution of subdominant plants in canopy, canopy edge and interspace microsites around individual shrubs (Larrea tridentata) and grasses (Bouteloua eriopoda) at a transition zone that has been encroached by shrubs within the past 50 - 100 a. Plots of variable size according to microsite type and dominant plant size were sampled. Results: Subdominant abundance was higher in microsites around L. tridentata shrubs than in microsites around B. eriopoda. Furthermore, differences in species abundance and composition were higher among microsites around grasses than among microsites around shrubs. The distribution of subdominants was mostly explained by their phenological characteristics, which indicates the importance of temporal variation in resources to their persistence. Conclusions: This study of coexistence patterns around dominants revealed ecological contrasts between two dominant life forms, but other factors (such as disturbances) have to be taken into consideration to evaluate landscape-scale diversity. C1 Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Environm Resources Management, Dublin 4, Ireland. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3 JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Hochstrasser, T (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Environm Resources Management, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM tamara.hochstrasser@ucd.ie OI Hochstrasser, Tamara/0000-0002-4277-7876 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 5 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0615:SSDIMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 864MW UT WOS:000224638600004 ER PT J AU Bildfell, RJ Mertins, JW Mortenson, JA Cottam, DF AF Bildfell, RJ Mertins, JW Mortenson, JA Cottam, DF TI Hair-loss syndrome in black-tailed deer of the Pacific northwest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alopecia; Columbian black-tailed deer; Damalinia (Cervicola); Demodex odocoilei; hair loss; lice; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; parasites; pediculosis ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; MALLOPHAGA-TRICHODECTIDAE; LOUSE POPULATIONS; MULE DEER; LICE; ANOPLURA; HOSTS; SHEEP AB A widespread hair-loss syndrome (HLS) has affected Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western Oregon and Washington (USA) since 1996. In order to better characterize the condition, 21 HLS-affected black-tailed deer (BTD) were necropsied, and body condition, parasite burdens, and significant lesions were noted. All deer were in poor body condition, and at least 17 had severe internal parasite burdens. A consistent finding was the presence of large numbers of chewing lice, identified as ail indetermine species of Damalinia (Cervicola). Four animals were infested with intrafollicular Demodex sp., the first report of this genus of mites in BTD. We postulate that the hair loss is largely chic to ectoparasitism by a species of chewing louse that represents a new, pathogen for BTD. This loss of pelage also may be an important contributor to the poor body condition of these animals. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Salem, OR 97301 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bildfell, RJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Rob.Bildfell@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 670 EP 681 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000005 PM 15650084 ER PT J AU Miller, LA Rhyan, JC Drew, M AF Miller, LA Rhyan, JC Drew, M TI Contraception of bison by GnRH vaccine: A possible means of decreasing transmission of brucellosis in bison SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE gonadotropin-releasing hormone; immunocontraception; GnRH vaccine; bison ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EFFICIENT IMMUNOCASTRATION; IMMUNONEUTRALIZATION; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; PEPTIDE; ABORTUS AB Preventing pregnancy in brucellosis-infected bison (Bison bison) provides a potential means of preventing transmission of disease. To determine whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine was effective in reducing pregnancy in bison and to study the safety of injecting GnRH in pregnant bison, a study was conducted at the Idaho Fish mid Game Wildlife Health Laboratory in Caldwell, Idaho (USA). Four pregnant and two nonpregnant female bison were given a single injection of GnRH vaccine, and five pregnant adult females were given a sham injection that contained only adjuvant. Three of the GnRH-vaccinated bison that were pregnant at the time of vaccination delivered healthy calves. One treated bison had dystocia that resulted in a dead calf. All control bison delivered healthy calves. After calvina feinaleS of botli groups were exposed to two bulls. Treated bison were palpated 6 wk after exposure to the bulls, and blood was drawn for pregnancy-specific protein B analysis. The six treated bison were not pregnant. The sham-treated bison were not pregnant and delivered viable calves. This study demonstrates that a single dose of GnRH vaccine is effective in preventing pregnancy in female bison for at least 1 yr. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. RP Miller, LA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM lowell.a.miller@usda.gov NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000011 PM 15650090 ER PT J AU Nol, P Williamson, JL Rocke, TE Yuill, TM AF Nol, P Williamson, JL Rocke, TE Yuill, TM TI Detection of Clostridium botulinum type C cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum type C; diagnostic technique; polymerase chain reaction; tilapia ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FISH; PCR; PREVALENCE AB We established a method of directly detecting Clostridium. botulinum type C cells, while minimizing spore detection in the, intestinal contents of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). This technique involved extraction of predominantly ccllular DNA from tilapia intestinal tracts and used a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect presence of type C-1 toxin gene. We consistently detected C. botulinum type C cells in tilapia gastrointestinal contents at a level of 7.5x10(4) bells per 0.25 g material or 1.9x10(3) cells. This technique is useful for determining prevalence of the potentially active organisms within a given population of fish and may be adapted to other types of C. botulinum and vertebrate populations as well. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Nol, P (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 749 EP 753 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000015 PM 15650094 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Pedersen, DD Stoffregen, WC AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Pedersen, DD Stoffregen, WC TI Induction of neutralizing antibodies in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) after administration of a killed West Nile virus vaccine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE flavivirus; Rangifer tarandus; reindeer; vaccination; West Nile virus ID DNA VACCINE; INFECTION AB In 2002, West Nile virus (WNV) infection with clinical neurologic disease and encephalomyelitis was described in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). The susceptibility of reindeer to WNV prompted questions concerning, vaccination of reindeer to prevent WNV infection. Between January and April 2003, eleven 2-4-yr-old, castrated male reindeer, some of which had antibody titers suggestive of prior exposure to WNV, were vaccinated three times at 4-wk intervals with a commercially available vaccine approved for use in horses. No adverse reactions to vaccination were noted. All vaccinated reindeer developed high neutralizing antibody titers to WNV, as determined by the plaque reduction neutralization test. Reindeer without antibody titers from previous natural exposure to WNV required a primary vaccination and one or two booster-vaccinations for development of neutralizing antibody to WNV. Protective efficacy of vaccination was not evaluated. vaccination of reindeer for WNV may be warranted in certain circumstances combined with management practices to limit exposure to potential vectors. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 889PD UT WOS:000226454000017 PM 15650096 ER PT J AU Olson, GS Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Reid, JA Loschl, PJ Ripple, WJ AF Olson, GS Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED Reid, JA Loschl, PJ Ripple, WJ TI Modeling demographic performance of northern spotted owls relative to forest habitat in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat fitness potential; habitat modeling; northern spotted owls; Oregon Coast Range; population modeling; Strix occidenlalis caurina ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; MARKED ANIMALS; HOME-RANGE; PREY; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS AB Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are known to be associated with late-successional forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, but the effects of habitat on their demographic performance are relatively unknown. We developed statistical models relating owl survival and productivity to forest cover types within the Roseburg Study Area in the Oregon Coast Range of Oregon, USA. We further combined these demographic parameters using a Leslie-type matrix to obtain an estimate of habitat fitness potential for each owl territory (n = 94). We used mark-recapture methods to develop models for survival and linear mixed models for productivity. We measured forest composition and landscape patterns at 3 landscape scales centered on nest and activity sites within owl territories using an aerial photo-based map and a Geographic Information System (GIS). We also considered additional covariates such as age, sex, and presence of barred owls (Strix varia), and seasonal climate variables (temperature and precipitation) in our models. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to rank and compare models. Survival had a quadratic relationship with the amount of late- and mid-seral forests within 1,500m of nesting centers. Survival also was influenced by the amount of precipitation during the nesting season. Only 16% of the variability in survival was accounted for by our best model, but 85% of this was due to the habitat variable. Reproductive rates fluctuated biennially and were positively related to the amount of edge between late- and mid-seral forests and other habitat classes. Reproductive rates also were influenced by parent age, amount of precipitation during nesting season, and presence of barred owls. Our best model accounted for 84% of the variability in productivity, but only 3% of that was due to the habitat variable. Estimates of habitat fitness potential (which may range from 0 to infinity) for the 94 territories ranged from 0.74 to 1.15 (x = 1.05, SE = 0.07). All but 1 territory had 95% confidence intervals overlapping 1.0, indicating a potentially stable population based on habitat pattern. Our results seem to indicate that while mid- and late-seral forests are important to owls, a mixture of these forest types with younger forest and nonforest may be best for owl survival and reproduction. Our results are consistent with those of researchers in northern California, USA, who used similar methods in their analyses. However, we believe that given the low variability in survival and productivity attributed to habitat, further study is needed to confirm our conclusions before they can be used to guide forest management actions for spotted owls. C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Forestry Sci Lab, Roseburg Field Stn, Roseburg, OR 97460 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Olson, GS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gail.olson@oregonstate.edu NR 39 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1053 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1039:MDPONS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 887RI UT WOS:000226322800029 ER PT J AU Coble, PG Zepp, RG Zika, RG AF Coble, PG Zepp, RG Zika, RG TI CDOM in the ocean: Transformation processes and their effects on optical properties SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Coble, PG (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM pcoble@marine.usf.edu; zepp.richard@epamail.epa.gov; rzika@rsmas.miami.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.001 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 842OM UT WOS:000223013700001 ER PT J AU Batista, MC Welty, FK Diffenderfer, MR Sarnak, MJ Schaefer, EJ Lamon-Fava, S Asztalos, BF Dolnikowski, GG Brousseau, ME Marsh, JB AF Batista, MC Welty, FK Diffenderfer, MR Sarnak, MJ Schaefer, EJ Lamon-Fava, S Asztalos, BF Dolnikowski, GG Brousseau, ME Marsh, JB TI Apolipoprotein A-1, B-100, and B-48 metabolism in subjects with chronic kidney disease, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; STABLE-ISOTOPE; RENAL-FAILURE; A-I; KINETICS; CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEINS; MECHANISM; WOMEN AB The metabolism of apolipoproteins (apo)B-48, B-100, and A-I was studied with a primed constant infusion of deuterium-labeled leucine in the fed state in 3 male individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 28 to 57 mL/min/1.73 m(2), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 33.1), and the metabolic syndrome. Compared to 5 obese controls (BMI 30.1) and 13 non-obese controls (BMI 25.2), these CKD subjects had high plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) (343 +/- 27.5 mg/dL v 144 +/- 34.4 in the obese controls, P < .001) and low apoA-I (86.7 +/- 3.9 mg/dL). An abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle subpopulation pattern was found, with low levels of pre beta-1 and alpha1. Compared to the obese controls, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) apoB-100 levels were elevated 2- to 3-fold, while LDL apoB-100 levels were slightly lower (-7%) and apoB-48 levels were comparable. The high TG levels were not associated with statistically significant changes in VLDL apoB-100 kinetics, although the production rate (PR) was higher and the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was lower. The slightly lower LDL apoB-100 levels were accompanied by a significant 3-fold increase in the FCR and a 2.7-fold increase in the PR. The lower apoA-I levels were accompanied by a 1.6-fold increase in the FCR. Compared to the non-obese controls, the PR of apoA-I was increased by 61% and 38%, respectively (P < .001) in CKD and in obese control subjects. In the control subjects, the PR of apoA-I was significantly correlated with the BMI (r = 0.81, P < .0001). The kinetic results are consistent with these hypotheses: (1) CKD is associated with decreased clearance of the TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and increased catabolism of LDL; (2) obesity increases apoB-100 and apoA-I production; and (3) in CKD, TG transfer to HDL, making HDL more susceptible to catabolism, accounts for the low apoA-I levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Lipid Div, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Renal, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Marsh, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Lipid Div, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Batista, Marcelo/K-4305-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64738, R01 HL064738] NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1255 EP 1261 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.05.001 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 861MT UT WOS:000224421500002 PM 15375779 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Funnell, DL Raaijmakers, JM AF Mazzola, M Funnell, DL Raaijmakers, JM TI Wheat cultivar-specific selection of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas species from resident soil populations SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; APPLE REPLANT DISEASE; ALL DECLINE SOILS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TAKE-ALL; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ROOT COLONIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB An emerging body of evidence indicates a role for plant genotype as a determinant of the species and genetic composition of the saprophytic microbial community resident to the rhizosphere. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the capacity of five different wheat cultivars to enhance resident populations and support introduced strains of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent pseudomonads, a group of bacteria known to provide biological control of several soilborne diseases. When soils were cropped with three successive 28-day growth cycles of wheat, the 2,4-DAPG-producing strains were consistently recovered from the rhizosphere of the cultivar Lewjain, and commonly were present at populations higher than those recovered from other wheat cultivars. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of phlD, a key gene involved in 2,4-DAPG production, two previously undefined phlD+ genotypes, referred to as genotypes PfZ and PfY, were discovered. Wheat cultivar Lewjain was the primary source of genotype PfY while cultivar Penawawa yielded the majority of genotype PfZ. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, both new phlD genotypes were classified as P. fluorescens. Comparison of the rhizosphere competence of 2,4-DAPG-producing P. fluorescens Q2-87 (genotype B) and P. fluorescens LR3-A28 (genotype PfY) showed that both strains persisted at similar populations in the rhizosphere of all cultivars tested over a 30 day period when introduced as a seed inoculant. However, when strain LR3-A28 was applied as a soil inoculant, this strain was recovered at higher populations from the rhizosphere of wheat cultivar Lewjain than from the rhizospheres of two other cultivars. No cultivar effects were shown for strain Q2-87. Collectively, these results add further to evidence indicating a degree of specificity in interactions between plant cultivars and specific members of the saprophytic microbial community. Furthermore, as 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. have a central role in the spontaneous reduction in severity of take-all disease of wheat in response to continuous wheat monoculture, we postulate that the use of specific cultivars, such as Lewjain, which possess a superior capacity to enhance resident soil populations of these bacteria may have potential to reduce the length of the monoculture period required to induce natural suppressiveness of soils toward this disease. C1 ARS, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, Mol Biol Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 52 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1067-y PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 881LO UT WOS:000225869200006 PM 15692854 ER PT J AU Park, S Kim, CK Pike, LM Smith, RH Hirschi, KD AF Park, S Kim, CK Pike, LM Smith, RH Hirschi, KD TI Increased calcium in carrots by expression of an Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; calcium; carrot; H+/Ca2+ transporter; nutrition ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; ROOT-GROWTH; CAX1; TOBACCO; SHOOT AB We demonstrate that carrots expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter CAX1 (Cation Exchanger 1) contained up to 50% more calcium (Ca) than plants transformed with control vectors. The CAX1-expressing carrots were fertile, and robust plant growth was seen in the majority of the transgenic plants. CAX1-expressing carrots were crossed to a commercial carrot variety to confirm that the increased Ca accumulation was mediated by CAX1-expression, and the increased Ca content was clearly correlated with the transgene. This study suggests that modulation of ion transporters could be an important means of increasing the Ca content of agriculturally important crops. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of an agriculturally important crop. C1 Sang Ju Natl Univ, Dept Hort, Kyungpook 742711, South Korea. ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu NR 23 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1023/B:MOLB.0000047773.20175.ae PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 879BW UT WOS:000225692400007 ER PT J AU Han, F Clancy, JA Jones, BL Wesenberg, DM Kleinhofs, A Ullrich, SE AF Han, F Clancy, JA Jones, BL Wesenberg, DM Kleinhofs, A Ullrich, SE TI Dissection of a malting quality QTL region on chromosome 1 (7H) of barley SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE barley; fine mapping; Hordeum vulgare L.; malting quality; quantitative trait locus ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME AB Malting and brewing are major uses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide, utilizing 30-40% of the crop each year. A set of complex traits determines the quality of malted barley and its subsequent use for beer. Molecular genetics technology has increased our understanding of genetic control of the many malting and brewing quality traits, most of which are quantitatively inherited. The objective of this study was to further dissect and evaluate a known major malting quality quantitative trait locus (QTL) region of about 28 cM on chromosome 1 (7H). Molecular marker-assisted backcrossing was used to develop 39 isolines originating from a 'Steptoe'/'Morex' cross. Morex, a 6-row malting type, was the donor parent and Steptoe, a 6-row feed type, was the recurrent parent. The isolines and parents were grown in four environments, and the grain was micro-malted and analyzed for malting quality traits. The effect of each Morex chromosome segment in the QTL target region was determined by composite interval mapping (CIM) and confirmed and refined by multiple interval mapping (MIM). One QTL was resolved for malt extract content, and two QTLs each were resolved for alpha-amylase activity, diastatic power, and malt beta-glucan content. One additional putative malt extract QTL was detected at the plus border of the target region by CIM, but not confirmed by MIM. All QTLs were resolved to intervals of 2.0 to 6.4 cM by CIM, and to intervals of 2.0 cM or less by MIM. These results should facilitate marker-assisted selection in breeding improved malting barley cultivars. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Ullrich, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Ullrich@wsu.edu NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1023/B:MOLB.0000049215.53864.e3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 879BW UT WOS:000225692400013 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Lavigne, JA Hursting, SD Chandramouli, GVR Perkins, SN Barrett, JC Wang, TTY AF Takahashi, Y Lavigne, JA Hursting, SD Chandramouli, GVR Perkins, SN Barrett, JC Wang, TTY TI Using DNA microarray analyses to elucidate the effects of genistein in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells: Identification of novel targets SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE genistein; isoflavone; microarray; phytochemical; prostate cancer ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; STE20/SPS1-RELATED KINASE; SOY ISOFLAVONE; GROWTH-FACTORS; EXPRESSION; GENE; APOPTOSIS; PLASMA; LNCAP AB Many studies have correlated the consumption of soy-rich diets with a decreased risk of developing hormone-dependent cancers, including prostate cancer. Genistein is a candidate prostate cancer preventive phytochemical found at high levels in soybean and soy foods. To better understand the, molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of genistein on prostate cancer prevention, we used a DNA microarray approach to examine the effects of genistein at concentrations in the physiologic range on global gene expression patterns in and rogen-responsive cancer cells. Microarray analyses were performed on androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells exposed to 0, 1, 5, or 25 muM genistein. We found a concentration-dependent modulation of multiple cellular pathways that are important in prostate carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated pathways, in particular, appeared to be modulated by genistein at the lowest concentrations. Based on these results, we propose that the regulation of AR-mediated pathways is potentially the most relevant chemopreventive mechanism for genistein administered at physiologic levels. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 USDA, ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1002/mc.20045 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 859MC UT WOS:000224266800004 PM 15378649 ER PT J AU Michel, A Arias, RS Scheffler, BE Duke, SO Netherland, M Dayan, FE AF Michel, A Arias, RS Scheffler, BE Duke, SO Netherland, M Dayan, FE TI Somatic mutation-mediated evolution of herbicide resistance in the nonindigenous invasive plant hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic weed; herbicide resistance; invasive species; molecular adaptation; nonindigenous species; somatic mutations ID POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOENE DESATURASE; PHENETIC RELATIONSHIPS; AQUATIC PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; FLURIDONE; ACCESSIONS; SELECTION; PATHWAY AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) was introduced to the surface water of Florida in the 1950s and is today one of the most serious aquatic weed problems in the USA. As a result of concerns associated with the applications of pesticides to aquatic systems, fluridone is the only USEPA-approved chemical that provides systemic control of hydrilla. After a decrease in fluridone's efficacy at controlling hydrilla, 200 Florida water bodies were sampled to determine the extent of the problem and the biological basis for the reduced efficacy. Our studies revealed that hydrilla phenotypes with two- to six-fold higher fluridone resistance were present in 20 water bodies. Since fluridone is an inhibitor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase (PDS), the gene for PDS (pds) was cloned from herbicide-susceptible and -resistant hydrilla plants. We report for the first time in higher plants three independent herbicide-resistant hydrilla biotypes arising from the selection of somatic mutations at the arginine 304 codon of pds. The three PDS variants had specific activities similar to the wild-type enzyme but were two to five times less sensitive to fluridone. In vitro activity levels of the enzymes correlated with in vivo resistance of the corresponding biotypes. As hydrilla spread rapidly to lakes across the southern United States in the past, the expansion of resistant biotypes is likely to pose significant environmental challenges in the future. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utlizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. SePRO Corp, Carmel, IN 46033 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utlizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 33 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3229 EP 3237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02280.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 853XD UT WOS:000223863000031 PM 15367135 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Powell, AM Garrett, WM Ealy, AD AF Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Powell, AM Garrett, WM Ealy, AD TI Isolation and characterization of a bovine trophectoderm cell line derived from a parthenogenetic blastocyst SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bovine; cell; line; parthenogenetic; trophectoderm ID IN-VITRO; TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; CLONED MICE; EMBRYOS; MOUSE; INTERFERON; EXPRESSION; FETUSES; GENOME; DIFFERENTIATION AB A bovine trophectoderm cell line was established from a parthenogenetic in vitroproduced blastocyst. To initiate the cell line, 8-day parthenogenetic blastocysts were attached to a feeder layer of STO fibroblasts and primary outgrowths occurred that consisted of trophectoderm, endoderm, and very occasionally epiblast tissue. Any endoderm and epiblast outgrowths were removed from the primary cultures within the first 10 days of culture by dissection. One of the primary trophectoderm cell cultures was chosen for further propagation and was passaged by physical dissociation and replating on STO feeder cells. The cell culture, designated BPT-1, was maintained in T25 flasks and passaged at a 1:3 split ratio for the first 15 passages approximately once every 2 weeks. Thereafter, the cell culture was passaged at 1:10-1:40 split ratios. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed the cells to be a polarized epithelium with apical microvilli, a thin basal lamina, and lateral junctions consisting of tight junctions and desmosomes. Lipid vacuoles and digestive vacuoles were also prominent features of the BPT-1 cells. Metaphase spread analysis at passage 59 indicated a near diploid cell population (2n = 60) with a mode and median of 60 and a mean of 64. BPT-1 cells secreted interferon-tau into the medium as measured by anti-viral assay and Western blot analysis. The cell line provides an in vitro model of parthenogenote trophectoderm whose biological characteristics can be compared to trophectoderm cell lines derived from bovine embryos produced by normal fertilization or nuclear transfer. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, BGL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, BGL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 200,Rm 13, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1002/mrd.20165 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 851UL UT WOS:000223711100007 PM 15293218 ER PT J AU James, RR Buckner, JS AF James, RR Buckner, JS TI Lipids stimulate spore germination in the entomopathogenic ascomycete Ascosphaera aggregata SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bee; chalkbrood; fatty acids; lipids; Megachile rotundata; spore germination ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; POLLEN; HYMENOPTERA; FLOWER; LARVAE AB The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is solitary and managed on a large scale for pollination of alfalfa seed crops. The bees nest in holes drilled in wood or polystyrene blocks, and their larvae are highly prone to a fungal disease called chalkbrood. The most prevalent form of chalkbrood is caused by Ascosphaera aggregata, but this ascomycete is difficult to culture. Hyphae will grow on standard fungal media, but spore germination is difficult to achieve and highly variable. We found that germination can be enhanced with oils. Lipids derived from plants and bee larvae increased germination from 50% (without oil) to 75-85% (with oil). Percent germination was significantly greater in the presence of lipids but germination was not significantly different when different oils, including mineral oil, were used. A. aggregata spores oriented along the oil-aqueous interface in the broth in a polar fashion, with swelling and germ tube formation always occurring into the aqueous portion of the broth. The other half of the spore tended to attach to a lipid droplet, where it remained, without swelling, during germ tube formation. The physical attachment of spores to the oil-aqueous interface is what most probably stimulates spore germination, as opposed to some nutritional stimulation. However, further research is needed to determine if and where the spores encounter such an interface when germinating in the host gut, where germination normally occurs. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rjames@biology.usu.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 158 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11046-004-2910-5 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 889BA UT WOS:000226417300006 PM 15645171 ER PT J AU Tosi, S Caretta, G Humber, RA AF Tosi, S Caretta, G Humber, RA TI Conidiobolus antarcticus, a new species from continental Antarctica SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE antarctic fungi; taxonomy ID NUMERICAL TAXONOMY; SYSTEMATICS; INDIA AB Conidiobolus antarcticus sp. nov. (Entomoplithorales: Ancylistaceae), was isolated from the antarctic mosses Scistidium antarctici and Hennediella heimii. It is the first record of an Entomophthorales species in continental Antarctica. This new fungus is distinguished from other species of the same genus in the size and shape of the primary conidia and zygospores, and in the disjunctive mycelial hyphae. C1 Univ Pavia, Sez Micol, Dipartimento Ecol Territorio & Ambienti, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. USDA, ARS, Collect Entomopathogen Fungal Cultures, Plant Protect Res Unit,US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tosi, S (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Sez Micol, Dipartimento Ecol Territorio & Ambienti, Via S Epifanio 14, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM stosi@et.unipv.it NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 90 IS 2 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 885JY UT WOS:000226154100014 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Engels, FM Weimer, PJ AF Jung, HG Engels, FM Weimer, PJ TI Degradation of lucerne stem cell walls by five rumen bacterial species SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa; tissues; in vitro ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; PURE CULTURES; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; HEMICELLULOSE; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; TISSUES; EXTENT; DEGRADABILITY; FORAGES AB The rumen bacterial strains Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H-17C, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Lachnospira multiparus 40, Ruminococcus albus 7 and R.flavefaciens FD-I were compared individually and as a five-species mixture with a rumen inoculum for their ability to degrade lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) stem cell wall polysaccharides. Two maturity stages of lucerne (bud and full flower) were utilized as substrates and incubation periods Of 24 and 96 h were employed. Lucerne stem substrates and fermentation residues were analysed for cell wall content and composition. Degradation of total cell wall polysaccharides and all polysaccharide fractions was greater for immature than for mature lucerne stems. The 96-h incubation resulted in significantly more degradation of all cell wall polysaccharides than did the 24-h incubation. The R. albus culture was able to degrade all cell wall polysaccharide fractions as well or better than any other culture, including the rumen inoculum. Co-culture of R. albus with the four other ruminal species did not improve degradation of any wall polysaccharides compared with R. albus alone. Microscopic examination indicated that R. albus and the five-species mixture appeared to degrade lucerne tissues in thin sections to almost the same extent as did rumen fluid. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Crop & Weed Ecol Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, Dept Bacteriol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@umn.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-2928 J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 883YM UT WOS:000226051800003 ER PT J AU Green, BW Heikes, DL Goodwin, AE AF Green, BW Heikes, DL Goodwin, AE TI Comparison of three methods of size grading channel catfish stockers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SERUM ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; TURBINE-PUMP; INJURIES; STRESS; GRADER; GROWTH AB The stocking of size-graded catfish into production ponds should increase production efficiency, but grading large numbers of fish with existing technology is laborious. We evaluated the effectiveness of a mechanical grader recently developed at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) relative to that of box and sock graders and assessed injuries sustained by stocker channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus during grading. Three 0.25-acre ponds were stocked at 11,777 lb/acre. Initial total length (TL) ranged from 6.3 to 15.7 in, and initial weight of individuals ranged from 0.04 to 1.10 lb. The fish population in each pond was divided into three groups graded with the box grader, UAPB grader, or sock grader. Fish were graded twice with the box and UAPB graders; a bar spacing of 1(3)/(32) in was used to grade off small fish and a spacing of 1(3)/(8) in to grade off large fish. Sock grader mesh size was 1(3)/(8) in. Mean weights and lengths of the size-classes produced by grading (small, medium, and large) were compared to those of the initial population in each pond. Blood samples were collected from sampled fish, and serum was analyzed for creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities to assess fish injury levels. Each grader separated the initial population into distinct populations. Mean weight and TL of the medium size-class was significantly lower for the UAPB grader than for the box grader. The frequency distributions of the fish populations obtained from each grader differed significantly. Undergrade and overgrade error for the medium size-class did not differ significantly between the box and UAPB graders. Undergrade error averaged 5.4% for TL and 1.6% for individual weight; overgrade error averaged 7.8% for TL and 10.3% for weight. Serum CPK and LDH activities were highly variable, which prevented detection of significant treatment differences. C1 ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, USDA, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Green, BW (reprint author), ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, USDA, 1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM bgreen@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1577/A03-067.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 864LJ UT WOS:000224634700002 ER PT J AU Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Stellwagen, HM Zhu, XW Lee, HG Smith, MA Joseph, JA AF Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Stellwagen, HM Zhu, XW Lee, HG Smith, MA Joseph, JA TI Modulation of hippocampal plasticity and cognitive behavior by short-term blueberry supplementation in aged rats SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hippocampal neurogenesis; aging; antioxidants; ERK; IGF-1; cognition ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ADULT DENTATE GYRUS; SPATIAL MEMORY; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; WATER MAZE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E AB During aging, reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with memory decline indicating a causal relationship. Indeed, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a major activator of the extracellular receptor kinase pathway that is central in learning and memory processes, is also a key modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis. Previously, we showed that age-related declines in spatial memory tasks can be improved by antioxidant-rich diets containing blueberries. In this study, to begin to understand the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of blueberries, we assessed changes in hippocampal plasticity parameters such as hippocampal neurogenesis, extracellular receptor kinase activation, and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels in blueberry-supplemented aged animals. Our results show that all these parameters of hippocampal neuronal plasticity are increased in supplemented animals and aspects such as proliferation, extracellular receptor kinase activation and IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels correlate with improvements in spatial memory. Therefore, cognitive improvements afforded by polyphenolic-rich fruits such as blueberries appear, in part, to be mediated by their effects on hippocampal plasticity. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Casadesus, G (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM gxc40@case.edu RI Smith, Mark/A-9053-2009; Lee, Hyoung-gon/A-9637-2009; Zhu, Xiongwei/A-9629-2009 NR 57 TC 130 Z9 140 U1 5 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5-6 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1080/10284150400020482 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 888OY UT WOS:000226385300006 PM 15682927 ER PT J AU Austin, AT Yahdjian, L Stark, JM Belnap, J Porporato, A Norton, U Ravetta, DA Schaeffer, SM AF Austin, AT Yahdjian, L Stark, JM Belnap, J Porporato, A Norton, U Ravetta, DA Schaeffer, SM TI Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE biogeochemical cycles; water pulses; wet-dry cycles; nitrogen mineralization; carbon cycling; soil texture ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; AMERICAN SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; DRY TROPICAL FOREST; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SHRUB-STEPPE; GRASSLAND SOILS AB The episodic nature of water availability in and and semiarid ecosystems has significant consequences on belowground carbon and nutrient cycling. Pulsed water events directly control belowground processes through soil wet-dry cycles. Rapid soil microbial response to incident moisture availability often results in almost instantaneous C and N mineralization, followed by shifts in C/N of microbially available substrate, and an offset in the balance between nutrient immobilization and mineralization. Nitrogen inputs from biological soil crusts are also highly sensitive to pulsed rain events, and nitrogen losses, particularly gaseous losses due to denitrification and nitrate leaching, are tightly linked to pulses of water availability. The magnitude of the effect of water pulses on carbon and nutrient pools, however, depends on the distribution of resource availability and soil organisms, both of which are strongly affected by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation cover, topographic position and soil texture. The 'inverse texture hypothesis' for net primary production in water-limited ecosystems suggests that coarse-textured soils have higher NPP than fine-textured soils in very and zones due to reduced evaporative losses, while NPP is greater in fine-textured soils in higher rainfall ecosystems due to increased water-holding capacity. With respect to belowground processes, fine-textured soils tend to have higher water-holding capacity and labile C and N pools than coarse-textured soils, and often show a much greater flush of N mineralization. The result of the interaction of texture and pulsed rainfall events suggests a corollary hypothesis for nutrient turnover in and and semiarid ecosystems with a linear increase of N mineralization in coarse-textured soils, but a saturating response for fine-textured soils due to the importance of soil C and N pools. Seasonal distribution of water pulses can lead to the accumulation of mineral N in the dry season, decoupling resource supply and microbial and plant demand, and resulting in increased losses via other pathways and reduction in overall soil nutrient pools. The asynchrony of resource availability, particularly nitrogen versus water due to pulsed water events, may be central to understanding the consequences for ecosystem nutrient retention and long-term effects on carbon and nutrient pools. Finally, global change effects due to changes in the nature and size of pulsed water events and increased asynchrony of water availability and growing season will likely have impacts on biogeochemical cycling in water-limited ecosystems. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, IFEVA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ARS, High Plains Grassland Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Austin, AT (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Av San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM austin@ifeva.edu.ar RI Austin, Amy/E-7988-2011; Stark, John/B-4368-2012; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; OI Austin, Amy/0000-0002-7468-5861; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 NR 155 TC 550 Z9 617 U1 48 U2 420 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1519-1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200004 PM 14986096 ER PT J AU Huxman, TE Snyder, KA Tissue, D Leffler, AJ Ogle, K Pockman, WT Sandquist, DR Potts, DL Schwinning, S AF Huxman, TE Snyder, KA Tissue, D Leffler, AJ Ogle, K Pockman, WT Sandquist, DR Potts, DL Schwinning, S TI Precipitation pulses and carbon fluxes in semiarid and arid ecosystems SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE desert plants; precipitation; carbon; photosynthesis; respiration ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; WATER-USE; MOJAVE-DESERT; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; HYDRAULIC LIFT; SOIL-MOISTURE; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA AB In the and and semiarid regions of North America, discrete precipitation pulses are important triggers for biological activity. The timing and magnitude of these pulses may differentially affect the activity of plants and microbes, combining to influence the C balance of desert ecosystems. Here, we evaluate how a "pulse" of water influences physiological activity in plants, soils and ecosystems, and how characteristics, such as precipitation pulse size and frequency are important controllers of biological and physical processes in and land ecosystems. We show that pulse size regulates C balance by determining the temporal duration of activity for different components of the biota. Microbial respiration responds to very small events, but the relationship between pulse size and duration of activity likely saturates at moderate event sizes. Photosynthetic activity of vascular plants generally increases following relatively larger pulses or a series of small pulses. In this case, the duration of physiological activity is an increasing function of pulse size up to events that are infrequent in these hydroclimatological regions. This differential responsiveness of photosynthesis and respiration results in and ecosystems acting as immediate C sources to the atmosphere following rainfall, with subsequent periods of C accumulation should pulse size be sufficient to initiate vascular plant activity. Using the average pulse size distributions in the North American deserts, a simple modeling exercise shows that net ecosystem exchange Of CO2 is sensitive to changes in the event size distribution representative of wet and dry years. An important regulator of the pulse response is initial soil and canopy conditions and the physical structuring of bare soil and beneath canopy patches on the landscape. Initial condition influences responses to pulses of varying magnitude, while bare soil/beneath canopy patches interact to introduce nonlinearity in the relationship between pulse size and soil water response. Building on this conceptual framework and developing a greater understanding of the complexities of these ecohydrologic systems may enhance our ability to describe the ecology of desert ecosystems and their sensitivity to global change. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Huxman, TE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM huxman@email.arizona.edu RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014; Schwinning, Susanne/G-6412-2015; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457; Schwinning, Susanne/0000-0002-9740-0291; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 110 TC 443 Z9 495 U1 25 U2 311 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1682-4 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200006 PM 15338414 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Donovan, LA James, JJ Tiller, RL Richards, JH AF Snyder, KA Donovan, LA James, JJ Tiller, RL Richards, JH TI Extensive summer water pulses do not necessarily lead to canopy growth of Great Basin and northern Mojave Desert shrubs SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE carbon and nitrogen isotopes; gas exchange and sap flow; nutrient limitations; pulse use; water relations ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; CHRYSOTHAMNUS-NAUSEOSUS; SARCOBATUS-VERMICULATUS; ATRIPLEX-CONFERTIFOLIA; NITROGEN ACQUISITION; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SALINITY GRADIENT; ROOT RESPONSES; SOIL AB Plant species and functionally related species groups from and and semi-arid habitats vary in their capacity to take up summer precipitation, acquire nitrogen quickly after summer precipitation, and subsequently respond with ecophysiological changes (e.g. water and nitrogen relations, gas exchange). For species that respond ecophysiologically, the use of summer precipitation is generally assumed to affect long-term plant growth and thus alter competitive interactions that structure plant communities and determine potential responses to climate change. We assessed ecophysiological and growth responses to large short-term irrigation pulses over one to three growing seasons for several widespread Great Basin and northern Mojave Desert shrub species: Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Atriplex confertifolia, and A. parryi. We compared control and watered plants in nine case studies that encompassed adults of all four species, juveniles for three of the species, and two sites for two of the species. In every comparison, plants used summer water pulses to improve plant water status or increase rates of functioning as indicated by other ecophysiological characters. Species and life history stage responses of ecophysiological parameters (leaf N, delta(15)N, delta(13)C, gas exchange, sap flow) were consistent with several previous short-term studies. However, use of summer water pulses did not affect canopy growth in eight out of nine comparisons, despite the range of species, growth stages, and site conditions. Summer water pulses affected canopy growth only for C nauseosus adults. The general lack of growth effects for these species might be due to close proximity of groundwater at these sites, co-limitation by nutrients, or inability to respond due to phenological canalization. An understanding of the connections between short-term ecophysiological responses and growth, for different habitats and species, is critical for determining the significance of summer precipitation for desert community dynamics. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), ARS, Jornada Expt Range, USDA, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kasnyder@nmsu.edu RI Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016 OI Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666 NR 70 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1403-4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862YU UT WOS:000224528200012 PM 14576930 ER PT J AU Gratzer, G Canham, C Dieckmann, U Fischer, A Iwasa, Y Law, R Lexer, MJ Sandmann, H Spies, TA Splechtna, BE Szwagrzyk, J AF Gratzer, G Canham, C Dieckmann, U Fischer, A Iwasa, Y Law, R Lexer, MJ Sandmann, H Spies, TA Splechtna, BE Szwagrzyk, J TI Spatio-temporal development of forests - current trends in field methods and models SO OIKOS LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT COMPETITION MEASURES; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; TREE-SOIL INTERACTIONS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; SITE-INDEX CURVES; PATCH DYNAMICS; SEED DISPERSAL; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; TEMPERATE FORESTS AB We present a critical review of current trends in research of spatio-temporal development of forests. The paper addresses (1) field methods for the development of spatially-explicit models of forest dynamics and their integration in models of forest dynamics, (2) strengths and limitations of traditional patch models versus spatially-explicit, individual-based models, and (3) the potential for moment-based methods in the analysis of forest dynamics. These topics are discussed with reference to their potential for solving open questions in the studies of forest dynamics. The study of spatio-temporal processes provides a link between pattern and process in plant communities, and plays a crucial role in understanding ecosystem dynamics. In the last decade, the development of spatially-explicit, individual-based models shifted the focus of forest dynamics modelling from the dynamics of discrete patches to the interactions among individual organisms, thus encapsulating the theory of "neighbourhood" dynamics. In turn, the stochastic properties and the complexity of spatially-explicit, individual-based models gave rise to the development of a new suite of so-called moment-based models. These new models describe the dynamics of individuals and of pairs of individuals in terms of their densities, thus directly capturing second-order information on spatial structure. So far, this approach has not been applied to forests; we indicate extensions needed for such applications. Moment-based models may be an important complement to spatially explicit individual-based models in developing a general spatial theory of forest dynamics. However, both kinds of models currently focus on fine scales, whereas a critical issue in forest dynamics is to understand the interaction of fine-scale processes with coarser-scale disturbances. To obtain a more complete picture of forest dynamics, the relevant links and interactions between fine-, intermediate-, and coarse-scale processes ought to be identified. Intensive links between modelling work and field studies designed across different scales are a promising means to create a new perspective on forest dynamics. C1 BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Ecol, AT-1190 Vienna, Austria. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Adapt Dynam Network, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Tech Univ Munich, Ctr Life & Food Sci, Dept Ecol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Inst Silviculture, Vienna, Austria. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Agr, Dept Forest Bot & Nat Conservat, Krakow, Poland. RP Gratzer, G (reprint author), BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Inst Forest Ecol, Peter Jordan Str 82, AT-1190 Vienna, Austria. EM georg.gratzer@boku.ac.at RI Canham, Charles/F-6161-2011; Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; Iwasa, Yoh/G-5368-2010 OI Canham, Charles/0000-0001-8361-9148; Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Iwasa, Yoh/0000-0003-0691-1852 NR 166 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2004 VL 107 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13063.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853IW UT WOS:000223821600001 ER PT J AU McCay, TS Lovallo, MJ Ford, WM Menzel, MA AF McCay, TS Lovallo, MJ Ford, WM Menzel, MA TI Assembly rules for functional groups of North American shrews: effects of geographic range and habitat partitioning SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DESERT RODENT COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL SEPARATION; SOREX-ARANEUS; COMPETITION; ABUNDANCE; FOOD; MINUTUS; PYGMY AB We examined the representation of shrew species within assemblages at 197 sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Assemblages were classified according to representation of functional groups, including fossorial, small epigeal, and large epigeal. Average (+/-SD) species richness was 2.9+/-1.0 and assemblages averaged 0.8 species in the fossorial and large epigeal groups and 1.3 species in the small epigeal group. Compliance with Fox's assembly rule (Fox 1987, Evol. Ecol. 1:201-213) was evaluated by dividing sites into those likely under the rule (favored) and those unlikely under the rule. The number of favored sites was compared to expected numbers of favored sites under three null models of community development, which variously incorporated observed characteristics of species in the regional pool. Number of favored sites (175 [89%]) exceeded the number found in each of 25,000 sets of assemblages simulated (P<0.00004) using algorithms that incorporated the observed species richness of each site and the observed incidences of each species. However, the number of favored sites did not differ (P=0.1054) from the number expected when patterns of allopatry and sympatry were preserved in the null model. Thus, the tendency for the equitable representation of functional groups in shrew assemblages was primarily due to the pattern of allopatry among similar species, and we believe that the striking compliance of these sites with Fox's assembly rule is largely due to structure within the regional species pool, rather than extant competitive interactions. C1 Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. Pa Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Court Appeals Fourth Circuit, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. RP McCay, TS (reprint author), Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. EM tmccay@mail.colgate.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2004 VL 107 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13244.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853IW UT WOS:000223821600012 ER PT J AU O'Connell, MB Czilli, T Abrams, SA Kleerekoper, M AF O'Connell, MB Czilli, T Abrams, SA Kleerekoper, M TI Ethnicity and calcium absorption and vitamin D seasonal changes. SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Clinical-Pharmacy CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Coll Clin Pharm C1 Wayne State Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 10 MA 100 BP 1436 EP 1436 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858HG UT WOS:000224182300098 ER PT J AU Zukas, AA Breksa, AP Manners, GD AF Zukas, AA Breksa, AP Manners, GD TI Isolation and characterization of limonoate and nomilinoate A-ring lactones SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Citrus glandis; Rutaccae; limonoids; limonoate A-ring lactone; nomilinoate A-ring lactone ID CITRUS-LIMON; BIOSYNTHESIS; HYDROLASE; SEEDS AB A method combining solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described for the isolation of two key metabolites in the limonoid biosynthetic pathway critical to citrus quality. Potassium salts of limonoate A-ring lactone and nomilinoate A-ring lactone were isolated from young Chandler pummelo seedlings and characterized on the basis of proton and carbon NMR data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 United States Dept Agr, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 19 BP 2705 EP 2709 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.016 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 864TI UT WOS:000224655400008 PM 15464158 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Faris, JD Meinhardt, SW Ali, S Rasmussen, JB Friesen, TL AF Liu, ZH Faris, JD Meinhardt, SW Ali, S Rasmussen, JB Friesen, TL TI Genetic and physical mapping of a gene conditioning sensitivity in wheat to a partially purified host-selective toxin produced by Stagonospora nodorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptosphaeria; Phaeosphaeria; Septoria ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; TAN SPOT; RESISTANCE; LEAF; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB A toxin, designated SnTox1, was partially purified from culture filtrates of isolate Sn2000 of Stagonospora nodorum, the causal agent of wheat leaf and glume blotch. The toxin showed selective action on several different wheat genotypes, indicating that it is a host-selective toxin (HST). The toxic activity was reduced when incubated at 50 C and activity was eliminated when treated with proteinase K, suggesting that the HST is a protein. The synthetic hexaploid wheat W-7984 and hard red spring wheat Opata 85, the parents of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) mapping population, were found to be sensitive and insensitive, respectively, to SnTox1. The ITMI mapping population was evaluated for toxin reaction and used to map the gene conditioning sensitivity. This gene, designated Snn1, mapped to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 1B. The wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and all CS nullisomic-tetrasomic lines were sensitive to the toxin, with the exception of N1BT1D. Insensitivity also was observed when the 1B chromosome of CS was substituted with the 1B chromosome of an insensitive accession of Triticum dicoccoides. In addition, a series of 1BS chromosome deletion lines were used to physically localize the sensitivity gene. Physical mapping indicated that Snn1 lies within a major gene-rich region on 1BS. This is the first report identifying a putative proteinaceous HST from S. nodorum and the chromosomal location of a host gene conferring sensitivity. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biochem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1056 EP 1060 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.10.1056 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856TX UT WOS:000224069000004 PM 18943793 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB Ali, S Meinhardt, SW Faris, JD AF Liu, ZH Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB Ali, S Meinhardt, SW Faris, JD TI Quantitative trait loci analysis and mapping of seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Septoria; Triticum aestivum ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; TAN SPOT; RUST RESISTANCE; AESTIVUM L.; DURUM-WHEAT; SINGLE-GENE; PTR TOXA AB Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of the world. In related work, we identified a host-selective toxin (HST) produced by the S. nodorum isolate Sn2000 and determined the chromosomal location of the host gene (Snn1) conditioning sensitivity to the toxin using the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative mapping population and cytogenetic stocks. In this study, we used the same plant materials to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to fungal inoculations of Sn2000 and investigate the role of the toxin in causing disease. Disease reactions were scored at 5, 7, and 10 days postinoculation to evaluate changes in the degree of effectiveness of individual QTL. A major QTL was identified on the short arm of chromosome 1B, which coincided with the snn1 toxin-insensitivity gene. This locus explained 58% of the phenotypic variation for the 5-day reading but decreased to 27% for the 10-day reading, indicating that the toxin is most effective in the early stages of the interaction. In addition, relatively minor QTL were identified on chromosomes 3AS, 3DL, 4AL, 4BL, 5DL, 6AL, and 7BL, but not all minor QTL were significant for all readings and their effects varied. Multiple regression models explained from 68% of the phenotypic variation for the 5-day reading to 36% for the 10-day reading. The Chinese Spring nullisomic 1B tetrasomic 1D line and the Chinese Spring-Triticum dicoccoides disomic 1B chromosome substitution line, which were insensitive to SnTox1, were more resistant to the fungus than the rest of the nullisomic-tetrasomic and disomic chromosome substitution lines. Our results indicate that the toxin produced by isolate Sn2000 is a major virulence factor. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biochem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1061 EP 1067 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.10.1061 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856TX UT WOS:000224069000005 PM 18943794 ER PT J AU Wiangjun, H Anderson, JM AF Wiangjun, H Anderson, JM TI The basis for Thihopyrum-derived resistance to Cereal yellow dwarf virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED RESISTANCE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; BARLEY; WHEAT; INFECTION; AGROPYRON; POTATO; TRANSLOCATION; PROTOPLASTS; HYBRIDS AB Incorporation of Thinopyrum intermedium-derived resistance genes into improved wheat germ plasm generated a wheat substitution line (P29) which is completely resistant to Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV). The undetectable CYDV titer in P29 led many to conclude that resistance prevented viral replication. To determine whether CYDV replication or movement is inhibited, we examined inoculated leaves for replication and uninoculated leaves for systemic spread. CYDV subgenomic RNA, produced only during replication, was found within the inoculated area of P29 and T. intermedium leaves, demonstrating that viral replication occurred. Absence of CYDV from uninoculated, newly emerging leaves of inoculated P29 and T. intermedium plants indicated resistance via inhibition of viral systemic infection. Resistance was not effective if P29 was inoculated with 50 to 100 viruliferous aphids per plant at the first-leaf stage or younger, resulting in a systemic spread of CYDV. As these infected P29 seedlings continued to grow, the resistance phenotype was recovered. Our data suggested that T. intermedium-derived resistance to CYDV was primarily dosage dependent and could be developmentally regulated if the amount of inoculum was large enough. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Plant Biol Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmanders@purdue.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1102 EP 1106 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.10.1102 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856TX UT WOS:000224069000010 PM 18943799 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Mahaffee, WF AF Turechek, WW Mahaffee, WF TI Spatial pattern analysis of hop powdery mildew in the Pacific Northwest: Implications for sampling SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Humulus lupulus; nested analysis of variance; Podosphaera macularis; quantitative epidemiology; Sphaerotheca humulus ID DISEASE INCIDENCE DATA; DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS; HETEROGENEITY; HIERARCHY; MODELS; STRAWBERRY; AUSTRALIA AB The spatial pattern of hop powdery mildew was characterized using 3 years of disease incidence data collected in commercial hop yards in the Pacific Northwest. Yards were selected randomly from yards with a history of powdery mildew, and two to five rows were selected for sampling within each yard. The proportion of symptomatic leaves out of 10 was determined from each of N sampling units in a row. The binomial and the beta-binomial frequency distributions were fit to the N sampling units observed in each row and to SigmaN sampling units observed in each yard. Distributional analyses indicated that disease incidence was better characterized by the beta-binomial than the binomial distribution in 25 and 47% of the data sets at the row and yard scales, respectively, according to a log-likelihood ratio test. Median values of the beta-binomial parameter 0, a measure of small-scale aggregation, were near 0 at both sampling scales, indicating that disease incidence was close to being randomly distributed. The variability in disease incidence among rows sampled in the same yard generally increased with mean incidence at the yard scale. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, used to measure large-scale patterns of aggregation, indicated that disease incidence was not correlated between sampling units over several lag distances. Results of a covariance analysis showed that heterogeneity of disease incidence was not dependent upon cultivar, region, or time of year when sampling was conducted. A hierarchical analysis showed that disease incidence at the sampling unit scale (proportion of sampling units with one or more diseased leaves) increased as a saturation-type curve with respect to incidence at the leaf level and could be described by a binomial function modified to account for the effects of heterogeneity through an effective sample size. Use of these models permits sampling at the sampling unit scale while allowing inferences to be made at the leaf scale. Taken together, hop powdery mildew was nearly randomly distributed with no discernable foci, suggesting epidemics are initiated from a well-distributed or readily dispersible overwintering population. Implications for sampling are discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Barton Lab, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Barton Lab, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM wwt3@cornell.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1116 EP 1128 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.10.1116 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856TX UT WOS:000224069000012 PM 18943801 ER PT J AU Tubajika, KM Civerolo, EL Ciomperlik, MA Luvisi, DA Hashim, JM AF Tubajika, KM Civerolo, EL Ciomperlik, MA Luvisi, DA Hashim, JM TI Analysis of the spatial patterns of Pierce's disease incidence in the lower San Joaquin Valley in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geostatistics ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; LEAFHOPPER VECTORS; PLANTS; GRAPEVINES; BACTERIUM; GEOSTATISTICS; TRANSMISSION; SHARPSHOOTER; INOCULATION AB The incidence of Pierce's disease (PD), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, was monitored in 11 naturally infested commercial vineyards to determine the presence of an X. fastidiosa vector, Homalodisca coagulata (glassy-winged sharpshooter [GWSS]), to examine the spatial patterns of the disease and elucidate possible influences of surrounding environments. Disease incidence ranged from <1 to 65% among vineyards in 2001. Our efforts to trap or capture potential disease vectors have indicated that the GWSS is the most likely vector. Disease incidence doubled in most vineyards during the 2002 production season. Spatial patterns of symptomatic vines in 2001 and 2002, as determined by ordinary runs analysis, showed strong evidence for within- and across-row aggregation of infected vines. In most fields, they were no disease gradients observed relative to GWSS source (e.g., citrus). Within fields, however, disease incidence displayed strong spatial dependence and a high degree of anisotropy, indicating strongly aggregated patterns of disease with distinct directional orientation. The within-row (0degrees) and across-row (90degrees) orientations generally were the predominant directions of increased disease incidence, consistent with vine-to-vine spread of X. fastidiosa. We concluded that the distribution of PD in vineyards reflected the feeding pattern of vectors carrying X. fastidiosa. Based on these results, effective PD management is likely to be based on practices that reduce significant insect vector populations and remove infected vines as soon as identified and on the use of resistant cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Res Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. USDA, APHIS, Mission, TX USA. Univ Calif Cooperat & Extens, Bakersfield, CA USA. RP Tubajika, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Res Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. EM Kayimbi.Tubajika@aphis.usda.gov NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1136 EP 1144 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.10.1136 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 856TX UT WOS:000224069000014 PM 18943803 ER PT J AU Ha, CM Jun, JH Nam, HG Fletcher, JC AF Ha, CM Jun, JH Nam, HG Fletcher, JC TI BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 encodes a BTB/POZ domain protein required for leaf morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; KNOX GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; POZ DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; UBIQUITIN-LIGASE; HOMEOBOX GENES; LEUCINE-ZIPPER; SALICYLIC-ACID; NPR1 AB The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE] (BOP1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is required for proper leaf morphogenesis. BOP1 regulates leaf differentiation in a proximal-distal manner, and represses the expression of three class I knotted-like homeobox (knox) genes during leaf formation. Utilizing a map-based approach, we identified the molecular nature of the BOP1 gene, which encodes a BTB/POZ domain protein with ankyrin repeats. BOP1 is a member of a small gene family in Arabidopsis that includes the disease resistance regulatory protein NPR1. Insertions in and around BOP1 cause distinct lesions in leaf morphogenesis, revealing complex regulation of the locus. BOP1 transcripts are initially detectable in embryos, where they specifically localize to the base of the developing cotyledons near the SAM. During vegetative development, BOP1 is expressed in young leaf primordia and at the base of the rosette leaves on the adaxial side. During reproductive development, BOP1 transcripts are detected in young floral buds, and at the base of the sepals and petals. Our results indicate that BOP1 encodes a putative regulatory protein that modulates meristematic activity at discrete locations in developing lateral organs. This is the first report on a plant protein that plays a key role in morphogenesis with the distinctive combinatorial architecture of the BTB/POZ and ankyrin repeat domains. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Mol Life Sci, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nam@bric.postech.ac.kr; fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 77 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1361 EP 1370 DI 10.1093/pcp/pch201 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 870VF UT WOS:000225086100002 PM 15564519 ER PT J AU Thompson, RB Meisinger, JJ AF Thompson, RB Meisinger, JJ TI Gaseous nitrogen losses and ammonia volatilization measurement following land application of cattle slurry in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilisation; denitrification; immediate incorporation; manure ID SURFACE APPLICATION; ANIMAL SLURRY; ACETYLENE-INHIBITION; MANURE APPLICATION; FIELD MEASUREMENT; LOLIUM-PERENNE; MASS-TRANSFER; WIND-SPEED; DENITRIFICATION; GRASSLAND AB To provide locally-determined field data for extension and environmental management purposes, gaseous N losses were measured following cattle slurry application to an arable silty-loam soil in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. The field had been cropped to no-till maize. NH3 volatilization was measured with the micro-meteorological, integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method, and denitrification with a core incubation method using acetylene inhibition. An early-winter surface application (5 December 1996; 88 m(3) ha(-1) supplying 91 kg NH4+-N ha(-1)) was 4 either unincorporated or immediately incorporated. NH3 volatilization was measured from the unincorporated application, and denitrification from both slurry treatments and appropriate control soils. Total NH3 loss from the unincorporated slurry application was 19% of applied NH4+-N; temperatures were cool (4-6 degreesC), and 25 mm of 4 rain fell within 24 h of application. For 3 months, enhanced denitrification occurred from the two slurry treatments, with generally higher rates from the incorporated slurry. Total net denitrification loss from the surface-applied and incorporated slurry treatments was, respectively, 11 and 17% of applied NH4+-N. Denitrification loss over the winter/early-spring period was appreciable but not substantial, even where NH3 volatilization was restricted by immediate incorporation. From the spring application (30 April 1997, 39 m(3) ha(-1) supplying 51 kg NH4+N ha(-1)), total NH3 loss was 71% of applied NH4+-N. These NH3 volatilization loss data and the similarity of climate suggest that NH3 loss factors from recent NW European work are likely to be generally applicable in the mid-Atlantic region. NH3 volatilization from the spring application was also measured using the Z-instrument (Z(INST)) approach, C and with a system of small wind tunnels. A comparative assessment of the three methods is reported. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Almeria, Dept Prod Vegetal, La Canada De San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain. RP Meisinger, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Prod Lab, Bldg 36,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JMEISING@ANRI.barc.usda.gov RI Thompson, Rodney/G-8950-2013 OI Thompson, Rodney/0000-0002-9323-5911 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2004 VL 266 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 246 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 888PA UT WOS:000226385500021 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Mornhinweg, DW AF Porter, DR Mornhinweg, DW TI Characterization of greenbug resistance in barley SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Schizaphis graminum; barley; greenbug; plant resistance ID APHIDIDAE; HOMOPTERA; BIOTYPES AB The greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is an extremely damaging pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), particularly in the southern Great Plains of the USA. Winter barley targeted for production in this region should incorporate resistance to greenbug in the form of the resistance gene Rsg1a (in 'Post 90') or Rsg2b (in PI 426756). This study was conducted to fully characterize the resistance profile of these two genes against important greenbug biotypes, and to determine which of the two resistance genes is most effective in protecting barley from the greenbug. Eight barley and four wheat cultivars and germplasms were challenged with six greenbug biotypes and damage ratings were recorded for each combination. In five of the six tests, 'Post 90' was significantly more resistant than PI 426756 to greenbug feeding damage. Based on the results presented here, we conclude that the resistance gene, Rsg1a, in 'Post 90' is the better choice for use in breeding programmes and will provide better protection than Rsg2b against the greenbug. C1 ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM david.porter@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 123 IS 5 BP 493 EP 494 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01019.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 862WM UT WOS:000224522000018 ER PT J AU Wilson, LM Whitt, SR Ibanez, AM Rocheford, TR Goodman, MM Buckler, ES AF Wilson, LM Whitt, SR Ibanez, AM Rocheford, TR Goodman, MM Buckler, ES TI Dissection of maize kernel composition and starch production by candidate gene association SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPLEX TRAITS; INBRED LINES; ENZYME-IIB; 1ST INTRON; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY AB Cereal starch production forms the basis of subsistence for much of the world's human and domesticated animal populations. Starch concentration and composition in the maize (Zea mays ssp mays) kernel are complex traits controlled by many genes. In this study, an association approach was used to evaluate six maize candidate genes involved in kernel starch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1, and waxy1. Major kernel composition traits, such as protein, oil, and starch concentration, were assessed as well as important starch composition quality traits, including pasting properties and amylose levels. Overall, bt2, sh1, and sh2 showed significant associations for kernel composition traits, whereas ae1 and sh2 showed significant associations for starch pasting properties. ae1 and sh1 both associated with amylose levels. Additionally, haplotype analysis of sh2 suggested this gene is involved in starch viscosity properties and amylose content. Despite starch concentration being only moderately heritable for this particular panel of diverse maize inbreds, high resolution was achieved when evaluating these starch candidate genes, and diverse alleles for breeding and further molecular analysis were identified. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu NR 56 TC 184 Z9 225 U1 8 U2 42 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2719 EP 2733 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.025700 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 863BW UT WOS:000224536200016 PM 15377761 ER PT J AU Rohde, A Morreel, K Ralph, J Goeminne, G Hostyn, V De Rycke, R Kushnir, S Van Doorsselaere, J Joseleau, JP Vuylsteke, M Van Driessche, G Van Beeumen, J Messens, E Boerjan, W AF Rohde, A Morreel, K Ralph, J Goeminne, G Hostyn, V De Rycke, R Kushnir, S Van Doorsselaere, J Joseleau, JP Vuylsteke, M Van Driessche, G Van Beeumen, J Messens, E Boerjan, W TI Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino Acid, and carbohydrate metabolism SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER; CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASES; CHALCONE SYNTHASE PROMOTER; CELL-WALL; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; DOWN-REGULATION AB The first enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, Phe ammonia-lyase (PAL), is encoded by four genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whereas PAL function is well established in various plants, an insight into the functional significance of individual gene family members is lacking. We show that in the absence of clear phenotypic alterations in the Arabidopsis pall and pal2 single mutants and with limited phenotypic alterations in the pall pal2 double mutant, significant modifications occur in the transcriptome and metabolome of the pal mutants. The disruption of PAL led to transcriptomic adaptation of components of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, revealing complex interactions at the level of gene expression between these pathways. Corresponding biochemical changes included a decrease in the three major flavonol glycosides, glycosylated vanillic acid, scopolin, and two novel feruloyl malates coupled to coniferyl alcohol. Moreover, Phe overaccumulated in the double mutant, and the levels of many other amino acids were significantly imbalanced. The lignin content was significantly reduced, and the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin monomers had increased. Together, from the molecular phenotype, common and specific functions of PAL1 and PAL2 are delineated, and PAL1 is qualified as being more important for the generation of phenylpropanoids. C1 State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. Univ Ghent, Vakgroep Biochem Fysiol & Microbiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM antie.rohde@psb.ugent.be; wout.boerian@psb.ugent.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X NR 83 TC 185 Z9 194 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2749 EP 2771 DI 10.1105/tpc.104.023705 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 863BW UT WOS:000224536200018 PM 15377757 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Liu, QZ Davis, RE AF Zhao, Y Liu, QZ Davis, RE TI Transgene expression in strawberries driven by a heterologous phloem-specific promoter SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE strawberry; AtSUC2-promoter; indirect regeneration; phloem-specific expression ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYTOPLASMAL INFECTION; SUCROSE TRANSPORTERS; FRAGARIA-VESCA; TOBACCO; PROTEIN; PLANTS; GENE; TISSUES AB Strawberry is susceptible to diseases caused by phytoplasmas, mycoplasma-like prokaryotes restricted to sieve elements in the phloem tissue of infected plants. One strategy to improve strawberry resistance to phytoplasmas involves transgenic expression of anti-microbial peptide genes in phloem. For targeted phloem-specific expression, we constructed a binary vector with an expression cassette bearing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (uidA) under control of the Arabidopsis sucrose-H+ symporter gene (AtSUC2) promoter. Transgenic strawberry lines were generated with high efficiencies by a modified transformation protocol, which combines the adoption of a 3-day pre-selection period following transformation, and the addition of 10-muM thidiazuron to the regeneration medium. Histological GUS activity indicated that the reporter gene was expressed specifically in phloem of leaves, petioles, and roots of transgenic plants. The results suggest that the transformation protocol and the AtSUC2 promoter may be useful for engineering phytoplasma-resistant transgenic strawberries. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhaoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00299-004-0812-0 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 864DT UT WOS:000224614500007 PM 15235813 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2002 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; LEAF RUST; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; 2 POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; RECONDITA; CANADA; INHERITANCE; VARIETIES AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, California, and the Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2002. Single uredinial isolates (785 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, LH10, Lr14a, and Lr18. In the United States in 2002, 52 virulence phenotypes of P triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which is virulent to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, and the Ohio Valley regions, and also in California. Phenotype MCDS, virulent to Lr17 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype and occurred in the same regions as MBDS. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which is virulent to Lr16 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the southern and northern central Great Plains region. Phenotype TLGJ, with virulence to Lr2a, Lr9, and Lr11, was the fourth most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast and Ohio Valley regions. The Southeast and Ohio Valley regions differed from the Great Plains regions for predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicate that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains were similar or frequencies of predominant phenotypes, indicating a strong south to north migration of urediniospores. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1079 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400005 ER PT J AU Stewart, JE Halik, S Bergdahl, DR AF Stewart, JE Halik, S Bergdahl, DR TI Viability of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Conidia on exoskeletons of three Coleopteran species SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus juglandis; nitidulid; vector ID BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; OAK WILT MATS; CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; HIPPODAMIA CONVERGENS; TRANSPORT STRUCTURES; DISSEMINATION; SCOLYTIDAE; NITIDULIDS; BUTTERNUT; BEETLE AB Butternut canker, caused by Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, is the primary cause of decline of butternut (Juglans cinerea). Conidia of the fungus have been isolated from several insect species. The vector potential of three species of Coleoptera, Astylopsis macula, Eubulus parochus, and Glischrochilus sanguinolentus, was studied during 2001 and 2002. Beetles were collected, rinsed, and artificially inoculated with conidia. All three species carried viable conidia up to 16 days. The mean number of conidia carried per beetle in 2001 was as follows: 3.21 million at 0 h to 11,371 at 384 h for A. macula; 3.91 million at 0 h to 57 at 384 h for E. parochus; and 355,742 at 0 h to 314 at 384 h for G. sanguinolentus. lit 2002, the numbers were: 1.42 million at 0 h to 2,814 at 384 h for A. macula; 1.29 million at 0 h to 85 at 384 h for E. parochus; and 72,342 at 0 h to 0 at 192 h for G. sanguinolentus. Using scanning electron microscopy, conidia were observed on the abdomen, thorax, and legs of artificially inoculated individuals of each species and on the thorax and abdomen of field-collected A. macula and E. parochus. These data suggest that all three species are potential vectors of S. clavigignenti-juglandacearum; however, A. macula and E. parochus may be more effective vectors. C1 Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Stewart, JE (reprint author), USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM janestewart@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1085 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400006 ER PT J AU Norelli, JL Miller, SS AF Norelli, JL Miller, SS TI Effect of prohexadione-calcium dose level on shoot growth and fire blight in young apple trees SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Apogee; Erwinia amylovora; Malus x domestica; plant growth regulator; shoot blight ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; CA; RESISTANCE; METABOLISM; MANAGEMENT AB Prohexadione-calcium suppresses both shoot growth and fire blight in apple. In young apple orchards, there are conflicting requirements to control fire blight and allow sufficient tree growth for tree establishment. Application of prohexadione-calcium to various cultivars of orchard-grown apple trees ranging in age from newly planted to fifth-leaf trees indicated that fewer high-dose (125 or 250 mg(.)liter(-1)) applications of prohexadione-calcium provided a better balance between fire blight control and growth in young orchards than multiple low-dose (30 or 63 mg(.)liter(-1)) applications. The response of early-season shoot growth to prohexadione-calcium treatment dose was linear. However, trees that received high doses of prohexadione-calcium tended to grow more in the latter part of the season, resulting in little or no difference in total seasonal growth between trees that received a few high or multiple low doses of prohexadione-calcium. Enhancement of fire blight resistance by prohexadione-calcium was correlated with shoot growth suppression at the time of inoculation, and the resistance response to prohexadione-calcium treatment dose was linear. Fire blight management strategies that use prohexadione-calcium in young apple orchards are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Norelli, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jnorelli@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1099 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400008 ER PT J AU Oelke, LM Kolmer, JA AF Oelke, LM Kolmer, JA TI Characterization of leaf rust resistance in hard red spring wheat cultivars SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE specific resistance ID F-SP-TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; STEM RUST; INHERITANCE; GENES; EXPRESSION; VARIETIES; GENETICS AB Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is the most common disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in hard red spring wheat cultivars grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and postulate the identity of the seedling leaf rust resistance genes in the cultivars. Twenty-six cultivars, near-isogenic lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes, and three wheat cultivars with known leaf rust resistance genes, were tested with I I different isolates of leaf rust collected from the United States and Canada. The leaf rust infection types produced on seedling plants of the cultivars in greenhouse tests were compared with the infection types produced by the same isolates on the Thatcher near-isogenic lines to postulate which seedling leaf rust resistance genes were present. Seedling leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, Lr16, Lr21, and Lr24 were postulated to be present in spring wheat cultivars. Seedling genes Lr3, Lr14a, and Lr23 likely were present in some cultivars but could not be clearly identified in this study. Most of the cultivars had some level of adult plant leaf rust resistance, most likely due to Lr34. Cultivars that had seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, or Lr16 had poor to intermediate levels of leaf rust resistance in field plots. Cultivars with combinations of seedling resistance genes Lr16 and Lr24 with additional adult plant resistance were highly resistant to leaf rust. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 29 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1127 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400012 ER PT J AU Segev, L Polston, JE Lapidot, M AF Segev, L Polston, JE Lapidot, M TI First report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Israel. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Dept Virol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, St Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Segev, L (reprint author), Dept Virol, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1160 EP 1160 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1160A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400017 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE AF Thomas, PE TI Nicotiana megalosiphon, a highly susceptible, new, and useful host for potato virus A SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Protect Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Protect Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1160 EP 1160 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1160B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400018 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Eskandari, FM Rossman, AY Aime, MC Kashefi, J AF Berner, DK Eskandari, FM Rossman, AY Aime, MC Kashefi, J TI First report of anthracuose of Crupina vulgaris caused by a Colletotrichum sp in Greece. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Univ, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. European Biol Control Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Univ, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1161 EP 1161 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.10.1161B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 854SA UT WOS:000223922400021 ER PT J AU Fei, ZJ Tang, X Alba, RM White, JA Ronning, CM Martin, GB Tanksley, SD Giovannoni, JJ AF Fei, ZJ Tang, X Alba, RM White, JA Ronning, CM Martin, GB Tanksley, SD Giovannoni, JJ TI Comprehensive EST analysis of tomato and comparative genomics of fruit ripening SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tomato; gene expression; expressed sequence tag; fruit ripening; comparative genomics ID SCALE STATISTICAL-ANALYSES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; DNA-BINDING FACTOR; MADS-BOX GENE; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-WALL; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; BERRY DEVELOPMENT; PROTEINS; CLONING AB A large tomato expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset (152 635 total) was analyzed to gain insights into differential gene expression among diverse plant tissues representing a range of developmental programs and biological responses. These ESTs were clustered and assembled to a total of 31 012 unique gene sequences. To better understand tomato gene expression at a plant system level and to identify differentially expressed and tissue-specific genes, we developed and implemented a digital expression analysis protocol. By clustering genes according to their relative abundance in the various EST libraries, expression patterns of genes across various tissues were generated and genes with similar patterns were grouped. In addition, tissues themselves were clustered for relatedness based on relative gene expression as a means of validating the integrity of the EST data as representative of relative gene expression. Arabidopsis and grape EST collections were also characterized to facilitate cross-species comparisons where possible. Tomato fruit digital expression data was specifically compared with publicly available grape EST data to gain insight into molecular manifestation of ripening processes across diverse taxa and resulted in identification of common transcription factors not previously associated with ripening. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Giovannoni, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu RI Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011 OI Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830 NR 58 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02188.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 853GW UT WOS:000223816300005 PM 15361140 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL AF Robertson, NL TI Biology of a new virus isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants in Alaska SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carmovirus; Fabaceae; Lupinus nootkatensis; NLVCV; Nootka lupine vein-clearing virus; Tombusviridae ID NECROSIS VIRUS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; RNA; TRANSMISSION; CARMOVIRUS; TOMBUSVIRUSES; EXTRACTION; WEEDS AB A new virus named Nootka lupine vein-clearing virus (NLVCV) was isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants that were confined to a relatively small area in the Talkeetna mountains of south-central Alaska. Annual surveys (2000-03) consistently found leaf symptoms of pronounced vein clearing and mosaic on 3- to 4-week-old plants in late June. Spherical particles approximate to30 mn in diameter were isolated from these leaves. Virions contained a single-stranded RNA of approximate to4.0-4.2 kb and one species of capsid protein estimated to be approximate to40 kDa. The double-stranded RNA profile from naturally infected leaves consisted of three major bands approximate to4.2, 1.9 and 1.5 kbp. Protein extractions from either sap or virions of diseased plants reacted to polyclonal antiserum made against the virions in Western blot assays. A predicted PCR product approximate to500 bp was synthesized from virion RNA using primers specific to the carmovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA did not match any known virus, but contained short regions of identity to several carmoviruses. Only species belonging to the Fabaceae were susceptible to NLVCV by mechanical inoculation. Based on dsRNA profile, size of virion RNA genome and capsid protein, and similarity of the RDRP gene to that of other carmoviruses, it is suggested that NLVCV is a member of the family Tombusviridae, and tentatively of the genus Carmovirus. As the host range, RDRP gene and dsRNA profile of NLVCV are different from those of known viruses, this is a newly described plant virus. C1 ARS, USDA, Arctic Plant Germplasm Intro & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99643 USA. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arctic Plant Germplasm Intro & Res Project, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99643 USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 53 IS 5 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1046/j.0032-0862.2004.01058.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 865BY UT WOS:000224678700003 ER PT J AU Babadoost, M Chen, W Bratsch, AD Eastman, CE AF Babadoost, M Chen, W Bratsch, AD Eastman, CE TI Verticillium longisporum and Fusarium solani: two new species in the complex of internal discoloration of horseradish roots SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Armoracia rusticana; soilborne disease; vascular discoloration; verticillium wilt ID DAHLIAE; ILLINOIS AB This study was conducted to determine the causal agent(s) of internal discoloration of horseradish roots. In 1999, 133 roots from 31 fields, and in 2000, 108 roots from nine fields, were assayed to determine the incidence and severity of internal discoloration of horseradish roots as well as the pathogen(s) associated with discoloured tissue. Verticillium dahliae, Verticillium longisporum and Fusarium solani were isolated from 14, 16 and 23% of roots in 1999, and from 24, 20 and 19% of roots in 2000, respectively. Verticillium longisporum on horseradish was identified for the first time. Pathogenicity tests of isolated microorganisms were conducted on horseradish in the glasshouse. In one experiment on the susceptible cultivar 1573, roots (sets) were inoculated by dipping the sets in a suspension of either V dahliae microsclerotia, V longisporum microsclerotia, or E solani conidia and then grown in a soil mix over 5 months. Plants inoculated with any of the three species developed root discoloration similar to that observed in commercial fields. Internal root discoloration symptoms developed over a period of 5 months. For all three pathogens, severity of root discoloration was significantly higher after 5 months compared with 2 months from inoculation. In another experiment on cultivar 1590, tissue culture-generated seedlings and sets were planted in an infested soil mix with V dahliae or V longisporum and grown in the glasshouse. Plants developed root discoloration, as observed in the field. The pathogens were reisolated from inoculated plants in both experiments. No pathogen was isolated from the control plants in the experiments. The results of this study suggest that internal discoloration of horseradish roots is a disease complex caused by at least three fungal species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Babadoost, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM babadoos@uiuc.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 53 IS 5 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01070.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 865BY UT WOS:000224678700015 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML Hatfield, RD Thoma, SL Samac, DA AF Sullivan, ML Hatfield, RD Thoma, SL Samac, DA TI Cloning and characterization of red clover polyphenol oxidase cDNAs and expression of active protein in Escherichia coli and transgenic alfalfa(1[w]) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATECHOL OXIDASE; CLEAVAGE SITES; ALFALFA; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; CHLOROPLAST; PROTEOLYSIS; PEROXIDASE; SEQUENCES AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense) leaves contain high levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and o-diphenol substrates. Wounding of leaves during harvest and ensiling results in browning of leaf tissues from activity of PPO on the o-diphenols. In association with browning, leaf proteins remain undegraded during ensiling, presumably due to PPO-generated o-quinone inhibition of leaf proteases. We cloned three red clover PPO cDNAs, PPO1, PPO2, and PPO3, from a leaf cDNA library. Sequence comparisons among the three red clover PPO clones indicated they are 87% to 90% identical at the nucleotide level (80%-83% amino acid identity). All three encode proteins predicted to localize to the chloroplast thylakoid lumen. RNA-blotting and immunoblotting experiments indicated PPO1 is expressed primarily in young leaves, PPO2 in flowers and petioles, and PPO3 in leaves and possibly flowers. We expressed mature PPO1 in Escherichia coli. A portion of the expressed protein was soluble and functional in an assay for PPO activity. We also expressed the red clover PPO cDNAs under the control of a constitutive promoter in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The expressed red clover PPO proteins were active in alfalfa extracts as evidenced by o-diphenol-dependant extract browning and quantitative assays of PPO activity. Proteolysis in leaf extracts of alfalfa expressing red clover PPO1 was dramatically reduced in the presence of an o-diphenol compared to controls. Transgenic alfalfa expressing red clover PPO should prove an excellent model system to further characterize the red clover PPO enzymes and PPO-mediated inhibition of postharvest proteolysis in forage plants. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mlsulliv@wisc.edu NR 42 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 BP 3234 EP 3244 DI 10.1104/pp.104.047449 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 862NG UT WOS:000224497000031 PM 15466227 ER PT J AU Lara-Cabrera, SI Spooner, DM AF Lara-Cabrera, SI Spooner, DM TI Taxonomy of North and Central American diploid wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) species: AFLP data SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AFLP; molecular phylogeny; potato; Solanum sect. Petota; systematics; taxonomy ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; SERIES LONGIPEDICELLATA; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; S-CARDIOPHYLLUM; SOLANACEAE; GERMPLASM; REEXAMINATION; BULBOCASTANUM; SYSTEMATICS; CONFIDENCE AB Solanum section Petota, the potato and its wild relatives, includes about 200 wild species distributed from the southwestern United States to central Argentina and adjacent Chile, with about 30 species in North and Central America. The North/Central American region and the South American region all include diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids. Chloroplast DNA restriction enzyme data from a prior study showed that 13 of the North/Central American species formed a clade containing only diploids, but there was low resolution within the clade. This Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) study is conducted to provide additional resolution within the North/Central American diploids and complements the chloroplast results, and prior morphological results. Wagner parsimony and phenetic analyses mostly agreed with the morphological data in supporting currently recognized species except that they suggest that S. brachistotrichium and S. stenophyllidium are conspecific. Our new AFLP data, it! combination with the cpDNA and morphological data, also support sister taxon relationships for the following diploid species from North and Central America: 1) S. cardiophyllum subsp. ehrenbergii and S. stenophyllidium, 2) S. tarnii and S. trifidum, 3) S. jamesii and S. pinnatisectum, 4) S. lesteri and S. polyadenium, and 5) S. clarum and S. morelliforme. C1 UMSNH, Fac Biol, Morelia 58066, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lara-Cabrera, SI (reprint author), UMSNH, Fac Biol, Edif R Ciudad Univ,Francisco J Mujica S-N,Col Fel, Morelia 58066, Michoacan, Mexico. EM slara@zeus.umich.mx; dspooner@wisc.edu NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 248 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s00606-004-0185-4 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 862YJ UT WOS:000224527100008 ER PT J AU Poynton, CY Huang, JWW Blaylock, MJ Kochian, LV Elless, MP AF Poynton, CY Huang, JWW Blaylock, MJ Kochian, LV Elless, MP TI Mechanisms of arsenic hyperaccumulation in Pteris species: root As influx and translocation SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE arsenate; arsenite; membrane transport; phosphate; phytoremediation; Pteris ID HOLCUS-LANATUS; TOLERANCE; PHYTOCHELATINS; ACCUMULATION; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHATE; VITTATA; THLASPI; FERN AB Several species of fern from the Pteris genus are able to accumulate extremely high concentrations of arsenic (As) in the fronds. We have conducted short-term unidirectional As influx and translocation experiments with As-73-radiolabeled arsenate, and found that the concentration-dependent influx of arsenate into roots was significantly larger in two of these As-hyperaccumulating species, Pteris vittata (L.) and Pteris cretica cv. Mayii (L.), than in Nephrolepis exaltata (L.), a non-accumulating fern. The arsenate influx could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the kinetic parameter K-m was found to be lower in the Pteris species, indicating higher affinity of the transport protein for arsenate. Quantitative analysis of kinetic parameters showed that phosphate inhibited arsenate influx in a directly competitive manner, consistent with the hypothesis that arsenate enters plant roots on a phosphate-transport protein. The significantly augmented translocation of arsenic to the shoots that was seen in these As hyperaccumulator species is proposed to be due to a combination of the increased root influx and also decreased sequestration of As in the roots, as a larger fraction of As could be extracted from roots of the Pteris species than from roots of N. exaltata. This leaves a larger pool of mobile As available for translocation to the shoot, probably predominantly as arsenite. C1 Edenspace Syst Corp, Dulles, VA 20151 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Poynton, CY (reprint author), Edenspace Syst Corp, 15100 Enterprise Court,Suite 100, Dulles, VA 20151 USA. EM cyp@edenspace.com OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 R44 ES011065-03] NR 22 TC 63 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2004 VL 219 IS 6 BP 1080 EP 1088 DI 10.1007/s00425-004-1304-8 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 864DU UT WOS:000224614600017 PM 15221388 ER PT J AU Crockett, SL Douglas, AW Scheffler, BE Khan, IA AF Crockett, SL Douglas, AW Scheffler, BE Khan, IA TI Genetic profiling of Hypericum (St. John's Wort) species by nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence analysis SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE St. John's Wort; Hypericum; Clusiaceae; rDNA ITS; genetic profiling ID PERFORATUM L.; LIMITS AB A PCR-based DNA amplification method was applied to genetically distinguish the popular dietary supplement Hypericum perforatum L. (common St. John's Wort) from other related Hypericum species. Nuclear ribosomal gene sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analyzed for 50 Hypericum taxa native to the Old and New Worlds, representing 11 of the 36 currently accepted taxonomic sections. This study provides a genetic method for authentication of commercial H. perforatum preparations. In addition, these data allow a preliminary assessment of phylogenetic relationships within the genus, revealing three strongly supported monophyletic clades, plus several secondary monophyletic groupings. Using ITS gene sequences, we were able to distinguish H. perforatum from all other species of Hypericum included in this study. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Khan, IA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ikhan@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1055/s-2004-832619 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 867AF UT WOS:000224813800011 PM 15490321 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Matuana, LM AF Stark, NM Matuana, LM TI Surface chemistry changes of weathered HDPE/wood-flour composites studied by XPS and FTIR spectroscopy SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE polyethylene (PE); ultraviolet; weathering; photodegradation; composites; wood-flour; FTIR; XPS ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALLINITY; FIBER; HDPE; DSC; PHOTODEGRADATION; POLYPROPYLENE; FILMS AB The use of wood-derived fillers by the thermoplastic industry has been growing, fueled in part by the use of wood-fiber-thermoplastic composites by the construction industry. As a result, the durability of wood-fiber-thermoplastic composites after ultraviolet exposure has become a concern. Samples of 100% high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE filled with 50% wood-flour (WF) were weathered in a xenon arc-type accelerated weathering apparatus for 2000 h. Changes in surface chemistry were studied using spectroscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to verify the occurrence of surface oxidation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the development of degradation products, such as carbonyl groups and vinyl groups, and to determine changes in HDPE crystallinity. The results indicate that surface oxidation occurred immediately after exposure for both the neat HDPE and WF/HDPE composites; the surface of the WF/HDPE composites was oxidized to a greater extent than that of the neat HDPE. This suggests that the addition of WF to the HDPE matrix results in more weather-related damage. The results also show that while neat HDPE may undergo crosslinking in the initial stages of accelerated weathering, WF may physically hinder the ability of HDPE to crosslink, resulting in the potential for HDPE chain scission to dominate in the initial weathering stage. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM nstark@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.11.002 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 860BP UT WOS:000224313000001 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SS Walia, PS Felker, F Willett, JL AF Lawrence, SS Walia, PS Felker, F Willett, JL TI Starch-filled ternary polymer composites. II: Room temperature tensile properties SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESTER ETHER) BLENDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; BEAD COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; MOISTURE; POLYETHYLENE; MORPHOLOGY AB The room temperature tensile properties of granular starch-filled low-density polyethylene (PE) and starch-filled blends of PE and poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) are presented. At low filler contents (phi(f)), the filled PE:PHEE blend has a higher yield stress and tensile strength than either the starch/PE composites or the unfilled matrix. The increase in the yield stress indicates that matrix yielding occurs before debonding. At high filler contents, the tensile strength of the filled blend is again greater than the strength of the starch/PE composites. This increase in strength is the result of higher debonding stresses in the ternary composite. In both materials there is a change in the deformation process at a critical filler content, phi(cr). Below phi(cr), deformation involves the growth of debonded regions; above phi(cr), deformation is confined to narrow damaged zones. There is a reduction in the strain at failure when this change in the deformation process occurs. Although the PHEE surface coating affects the debonding stress and the tensile strength, it does not affect the strain at failure or the tensile modulus. For both composite materials, the increase in modulus with If can be adequately described using a simplified form of the Kerner equation. (C) 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Engn Sci Polymer Proc, Midland, MI 48677 USA. RP Lawrence, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1002/pen.20185 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 867KU UT WOS:000224842300003 ER PT J AU Klotz, KL Finger, FL AF Klotz, KL Finger, FL TI Impact of temperature, length of storage and postharvest disease on sucrose catabolism in sugarbeet SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid invertase; alkaline invertase; Beta vulgaris; postharvest storage; storage rot; sucrose synthase; sugarbeet ID ACID INVERTASE; BETA-FRUCTOSIDASE; ENZYMES; ROOTS; SYNTHASE; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITORS; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; GROWTH AB Sucrose catabolism during postharvest storage of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L) root has been the subject of several studies; yet, no consensus exists about the contribution of the major sucrolytic activities to postharvest sucrose loss. Because differences in storage temperature, length of storage, and the presence of storage pathogens may have contributed to the discrepant results from earlier studies, the impact of these three factors on sugarbeet root postharvest sucrose catabolism was determined. Sucrolytic activities and soluble carbohydrate concentrations were measured in roots exhibiting no pathological symptoms during storage at 6, 12, and 21 degreesC and in roots exhibiting severe rotting symptoms due to infection by Penicillium spp. and Botrytis cinerea during storage at 6 degreesC. Sucrose synthase was the predominant sucrolytic activity throughout storage, regardless of storage temperature, length of storage, or pathogenesis, and accounted for more than 90% of the total soluble sucrolytic activity present in roots. In disease-free roots, no significant change in sucrose synthase activity, soluble acid invertase activity, or insoluble acid invertase activity occurred in roots stored at 6 or 12 degreesC, although an increase in sucrose synthase activity was observed in roots stored at 21 degreesC. Alkaline invertase activity was impacted by the length of storage and exhibited a transient decline in activity at all storage temperatures. Glucose and fructose concentrations generally increased as a function of time in storage at 6, 12, and 21 degreesC. In roots with severe rot. insoluble acid invertase activity declined, sucrose synthase and alkaline invertase activities were unchanged, and soluble acid invertase increased seven-fold. The increase in soluble acid invertase activity was primarily due to the presence of fungal acid invertase isoforms. These results indicate that sugarbeet sucrolytic activities change little during storage, regardless of storage temperature, length of storage, and pathogenesis, and suggest that sucrose synthase, as the predominant sucrolytic activity in stored roots, is central to postharvest sucrose catabolism in sugarbeet roots. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecn, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Univ Stn, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM klotzk@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.016 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855RL UT WOS:000223991300001 ER PT J AU Conway, WS Leverentz, B Janisiewicz, WJ Blodgett, AB Saftner, RA Camp, MJ AF Conway, WS Leverentz, B Janisiewicz, WJ Blodgett, AB Saftner, RA Camp, MJ TI Integrating heat treatment, biocontrol and sodium bicarbonate to reduce postharvest decay of apple caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and Penicillium expansum SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bitter rot; blue mold; biological control; Metchnikowia pulcherrima ID BLUE MOLD; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GRAY MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DISEASES; STORAGE; ATMOSPHERE; CARBONATE; EFFICACY; FRUITS AB 'Golden Delicious' apples were wound inoculated with conidial suspensions of either Colletotrichum acutatum or Penicillium expansion, then treated with heat (38 degreesC) for 4 days, sodium bicarbonate, and/or one of two heat tolerant biocontrol agents (yeasts). Following four months storage at 0degreesC, the apples were left at room temperature for two weeks. Populations of antagonists were stable throughout the experiment and were higher on the heated than the non-heated fruit. Both antagonists reduced decay caused by P. expansion, whereas heat or heat in combination with either antagonist eliminated decay. Either heat or the antagonists alone reduced decay caused by C. acutatum, but a combination of the two was required to completely eliminate decay caused by this pathogen. Adding sodium bicarbonate to the heated or antagonist-treated fruit had little effect on decay caused by either pathogen but when used on non-heated fruit, it significantly reduced decay severity caused by P expansum after four months at 0degreesC. The goal of this research is to combine alternative methods of control to provide an effective substitute for synthetic pesticides. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Conway, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, B-002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Conwayw@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.011 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855RL UT WOS:000223991300002 ER PT J AU Patil, BS Vanamala, J Hallman, G AF Patil, BS Vanamala, J Hallman, G TI Irradiation and storage influence on bioactive components and quality of early and late season 'Rio Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gamma irradiation; storage; quality; grapefruit; health; functional components ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; RADIATION; FRUITS; JUICE; COLOR AB Irradiation as an alternative quarantine treatment has been under consideration by the International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation. This study was conducted on early and late season 'Rio Red' grapefruit to investigate the effects of harvest date, storage. and low dose irradiation on functional constituents, and quality. Fruit was treated with 0, 70, 200, 400 and 700 Gy and then stored under simulated storage conditions by subjecting the fruit to 10degreesC for 4 weeks followed by 1 week at 20degreesC with 90-95% relative humidity. Flavanones (naringin and narirutin), terpenoids (limonin 17-beta-D-glycopyranoside, beta-carotene and lycopene) and quality (ascorbic acid content, soluble solids (%), titratable acidity) were evaluated immediately following irradiation treatment and storage. Results demonstrated that the response of fruit to irradiation depended on harvest time. Lower doses (at or below 200 Gy) Of irradiation coupled with 35 days of storage were useful in enhancing health promoting compounds in early season grapefruit. Higher doses of irradiation (400 and 700 Gy) and 35 days of storage had detrimental effects on quality of early season grapefruit, however, no significant effect was observed on the quality of the late season fruit. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Patil, BS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, 312 N Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM b-patil@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.015 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855RL UT WOS:000223991300006 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC Suttle, JC AF Lulai, EC Suttle, JC TI The involvement of ethylene in wound-induced suberization of potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.): a critical assessment SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG); ethylene; 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP); norbornadiene (NBD); suberin; wound-heal ID ENDOGENOUS ETHYLENE; SPROUT GROWTH; PLANTS; RESPONSES; SUBERIN; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEPOSITION; DORMANCY; RECEPTOR AB The determination of hormonal requirements for wound-induced suberization is important in developing new approaches and future postharvest technologies to control various wound-related disease and defect problems in potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.). Although. the hormone ethylene has been shown to be involved in various kinds of plant stress, including certain wound responses, its role in suberization had not been determined. The role of ethylene in wound-induced suberization of potato tuber was examined over a 9-day wound-healing period, using a variety of ethylene biosynthesis and action inhibitors. Ethylene evolution was stimulated by wounding and reached a maximum 2-3 days after tuber wounding, and then gradually declined. The competitive inhibitor of ethylene action, 2,5-norbornadiene, had no effect on the wound-induced accumulation of suberin polyphenolic(s) (SPP). Similarly, the ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) had no apparent effect on wound-induced accumulation of SPPs or on the accumulation of suberin polyaliphatic(s) (SPA). Treatment of tubers with ethylene, applied either before or after wounding, had no effect on the induction or accumulation of either suberin biopolymer. Treatment with the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), inhibited wound-induced ethylene production by ca. 90%, but did not affect wound-induced suberization. Collectively, these results indicate that, although increased ethylene evolution is part of the tuber wound response, ethylene is not required for wound-induced suberization of the closing layer (suberization of existing cells at the wound surface) during the first 2-4 days of wound-healing or subsequent suberization of phellem cells (between 4 and 9 days) created by the wound-induced formation of the phellogen. These results are important in determining the mechanisms regulating suberization and in assuring that wound-induced suberization is not inhibited with the application of new technologies that effectively control various ethylene mediated processes in vegetables and fruit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lulaie@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.012 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 855RL UT WOS:000223991300011 ER PT J AU Davis, GS Anderson, KE Jones, DR AF Davis, GS Anderson, KE Jones, DR TI The effects of different beak trimming techniques on plasma corticosterone and performance criteria in single comb White Leghorn hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beak trim; corticosterone; production criteria ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINATION; DAY-OLD DEBEAKING; LAYER PERFORMANCE; GENETIC STOCKS; LAYING HENS; PULLETS; CHICKENS; BEHAVIOR; AGE; CANNIBALISM AB DeKalb XL chicks were given a beak trim at 6 d of age (6DP) with a 2.8-mm gauge and a beak trim at 11 wk (11WB) with a block cut approximately 2 mm anterior to the nasal openings. Corticosterone (CS) levels of the 6DP treatment were (P less than or equal to 0.01) elevated above non-trimmed CS levels at 2 h posttrim; and BW and feed consumption (FC) of the 6DP were depressed until 8 wk of age. At 11 wk of age, CS of the 11WB treatment was (P less than or equal to 0.02) elevated above controls at 1, 2, 8, and 5 wk posttrim. The 11WB treatment resulted in a decrease in FC and a reduction in BW at 12, 14, and 16 wk of age, whereas there were no differences among treatments in livability during the pullet phase. At 72 wk of age, FC of the nontrimmed controls was greater than both beak trimmed treatments, and both beak trimmed treatments had greater hen housed eggs, percentage hen day egg production, and percentage livability. Both beak trimmed treatments resulted in better egg income, feed cost per hen, and net income (NI). The 6DP and 11WB beak trim treatments resulted in an improvement of NI per hen of $1.48 and $1.86, respectively. In addition, both beak trimmed treatments exhibited better feather score and Hansen's test (fearfulness). It was concluded that pullets and hens could adapt to the physiological stress of beak trimming and out perform, during a lay phase, controls whose beaks were not trimmed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Davis, GS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Box 7608, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Gary_Davis@ncsu.edu NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1624 EP 1628 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100002 PM 15510544 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Branton, SL Lott, BD AF Miles, DM Branton, SL Lott, BD TI Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; broiler; body weight; performance; yield ID HOUSES AB Atmospheric ammonia inhibits broiler performance. Quantified effects are based on older genetic stock with a BW of 2,000 g at 7 wk. In contrast, modern genetic stock reaches 3,200 g at 7 wk of age. To assess the impact on present day broilers, 2 trials were conducted exposing male broilers to graded levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm) of aerial ammonia from 0 to 4 wk of age. Sixty, 1-d-old chicks were placed in environmentally controlled chambers, weighed weekly as a group, and processed with yield determined at 7 wk of age. Final BW was significantly depressed by 6 and 9% for the 50 and 75 ppm concentrations of ammonia as compared with 0 ppm. Also, mortality was significantly greater at the 75 ppm ammonia concentration, 13.9% compared with 5.8% for the 0 ppm treatment. Percentage yield of deboned meat per bird decreased slightly with increasing exposure to ammonia but was not statistically significant. Although current genetic stock reaches growout weights that are approximately 60% greater than those 2 decades ago, the relative quantified effects of ammonia exposure were similar. Additionally, statistical analysis of the results provided a simple equation, presented herein, for predicting the decline in BW of male broilers after exposure to ammonia. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Poultry Sci Extens, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1650 EP 1654 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100006 PM 15510548 ER PT J AU Chavez, C Coufal, CD Niemeyer, PL Carey, JB Lacey, RE Miller, RK Beier, RC AF Chavez, C Coufal, CD Niemeyer, PL Carey, JB Lacey, RE Miller, RK Beier, RC TI Impact of dietary supplemental methionine sources on sensory measurement of odor-related compounds in broiler excreta SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler excreta; methionine; odor; sensory panel ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT WORKS; PROTEIN; AMMONIA; MANURE; MIXTURES; LITTER AB An experiment was conducted to detect differences in odor characteristics of broiler excreta due to utilization of different supplementary Met sources by a trained human descriptive aroma attribute sensory panel. The 5 treatment groups were no supplemental Met (control group), sodium methioninate aqueous solution, dry Met hydroxy analogue, liquid Met hydroxy analogue, and DL-Met. Two trials were conducted consisting of 5 treatment groups with 3 replications of 13 randomly distributed straight run broiler chicks per pen reared in battery cages. Starter and grower diets were formulated to contain 0.5 and 0.38% Met activity, respectively (except control group, 0.35% Met activity). Excreta were collected for 24 h in litter pans lined with aluminum foil at wk 4, 5, and 6 and analyzed by a trained sensory panel (7 people). Each panelist was given 25 g of manure heated at 27degreesC for 5 min for sensory analysis. The 13 odor attributes used to determine differences in broiler excreta by the trained sensory panel were ammonia, dirty socks, wet poultry, fermented rotten fruit, hay, musty wet, sharp, sour, urinous, rotten eggs, irritating, pungent, and nauseating. Panelist marked intensities for each attribute ranging from 0 = none and 15 = extremely intense. Each panelist was given 2 replications of each treatment group in a random order each week (total of 10 samples per wk). All data were evaluated by ANOVA using the general linear model procedure of SAS software. No significant differences were observed in BW, feed consumption, or feed conversion among the treatments. The attributes of ammonia, wet poultry, rotten fruit, musty wet, sharp, and pungent differed (P < 0.05) across treatment groups. These findings demonstrate that supplemental Met sources significantly influence odor production in broiler excreta. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Carey, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ijcarey@poultry.tamu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1655 EP 1662 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100007 PM 15510549 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Woodward, CL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, WK Donalson, LM Herrera, P Woodward, CL Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Effects of different bone preparation methods (fresh, dry, and fat-free dry) on bone parameters and the correlations between bone breaking strength and the other bone parameters SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone breaking strength; bone preparation; ash weight; ash concentration ID LAYING HENS; CALCIUM; ASH; PHOSPHORUS; BROILERS; QUALITY; DENSITY AB A study was conducted to evaluate effects of different bone preparation methods on bone parameters and the correlations between bone breaking strength and the other bone parameters. Bone breaking strength is dramatically changed depending on bone preparation methods, whereas other bone parameters such as ash content and ash concentration are not significantly influenced by bone preparation methods. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 bone preparations (fresh, dry, and fat-free dry) on bone parameters and the relationship between bone breaking strength and bone parameters. Sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for this study. Hens were euthanized by CO2 gas, and the right tibia and femur were collected. The bones were divided into 3 treatment groups: fresh, dry, and fat-free dry. There were no significant differences in fresh weight, bone volume, dried weight, ash weight, and ash concentration of tibia and femur among the treatments. However, fresh tibia (24.13 kg) exhibited more bone breaking strength compared with the dried (9.90 kg) and fat-free dried bones (7.41 kg) (P < 0.05). The bone breaking strength (20.97 kg) of fresh femur was also significantly higher than the dried (9.22 kg) and fat-free dried femurs (6.94 kg). The bone breaking strength of the fresh bone was highly correlated with dried weight, ash weight, and ash concentration, whereas that of the fat-free dried bone was poorly correlated with the other bone parameters. The results indicate that fresh bone gives better bone breaking strength correlated to the other bone parameters than dry or fat-free dry preparation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1663 EP 1666 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100008 PM 15510550 ER PT J AU Morris, BC Danforth, HD Caldwell, DJ Pierson, FW McElroy, AP AF Morris, BC Danforth, HD Caldwell, DJ Pierson, FW McElroy, AP TI Intestinal mucosal mast cell immune response and pathogenesis of two Eimeria acervulina isolates in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; Eimeria; immunity; immunovariability; mast cell ID INFECTION; COCCIDIOSIS; TENELLA; RATS; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; PARASITE AB Four experiments were conducted comparing intestinal immune responses to 2 isolates of Eimeria acervulina (EA), EA1 and EA2. In experiments I and 2, broiler chicks of 2 commercial breeds were divided into control (nonchallenged), EA1-, or EA2-challenged groups. On d 6 postchallenge (PC), changes in BW were determined, intestinal lesions were scored, and duodenal tissue was evaluated for morphometric alterations and mucosal mast cell numbers. EA1 produced classical duodenal lesions and reduced villus height to crypt depth ratios compared with controls; however, no differences were found in mast cell counts. EA2 produced different results, and observed data were suggestive of an anaphylactic-like intestinal secretory response compared with EA1 or controls. In experiment 3, tissues were analyzed from d 2 through 6 PC. Villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were increased on d 5 PC in both challenged groups. Mast cell counts were significantly greater on d 3 and 4 PC in EA1-challenged birds. In experiment 4, EA2 oocysts were cleaned with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite to evaluate the possibility of a bacterial contaminant contributing to the pathogenesis of intestinal alterations. No evidence of a bacterial contaminant contributing to the pathology was observed. These data are indicative of differential host response and immunovariability between different isolates of the same Eimeria species in 2 breeds of commercial broiler chickens. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McElroy, AP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amcelroy@vt.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100009 PM 15510551 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Cole, K Loskutoff, NM Donoghue, DJ AF Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Cole, K Loskutoff, NM Donoghue, DJ TI Detection of Campylobacter or Salmonella in turkey semen and the ability of poultry semen extenders to reduce their concentrations SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; Salmonella; semen extender; turkey ID FROZEN BOVINE SEMEN; BROILER-CHICKENS; ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATION; JEJUNI INFECTION; BREEDER HENS; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; SPP.; PCR; BACTERIA AB Campylobacter and Salmonella are the most commonly reported pathogens causing foodborne illness in the United States. In turkeys, the potential that semen used for artificial insemination is contaminated with these foodborne pathogens has not been investigated. Because semen on turkey farms is pooled and then used to inseminate multiple hens, contaminated semen could easily spread these bacteria throughout entire flocks via artificial insemination. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine if semen from commercial turkey farms contained these foodborne pathogens and 2) if present, evaluate the efficacy of semen extenders to reduce or eliminate Campylobacter and Salmonella from semen. Semen was collected from randomized pools of ejaculates from 10 to 30 toms per farm from 6 flocks over a 7-wk period and, on occasion, was found to contain Campylobacter, Salmonella, or both. To evaluate the efficacy of semen extenders to reduce or eliminate pathogens, pooled ejaculates were challenged with Campylobacter or Salmonella and treated with commercial poultry extenders containing various concentrations of antibiotics or an antibiotic combination previously demonstrated to remove Campylobacter from mammalian semen. Results demonstrate that commercial turkey semen may contain Campylobacter or Salmonella, and the semen extenders tested either did not reduce the bacteria or reduced but did not eliminate these bacteria from semen. We concluded that semen may be a potential vehicle for Campylobacter transfer to hens, and, if this is true, development of a method for eliminating pathogens in semen before insemination could reduce the risk of colonization. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Henry Doorly Zoo, Ctr Conservat & Res, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1728 EP 1733 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100018 PM 15510560 ER PT J AU Cole, K Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Holliman, JS Cox, NA Musgrove, MT Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Holliman, JS Cox, NA Musgrove, MT Donoghue, DJ TI Effects of aeration and storage temperature on Campylobacter concentrations in poultry semen SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aeration; Campylobacter; chicken; semen; turkey ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; TURKEY SEMEN; JEJUNI INFECTION; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY; EGG TRANSMISSION; CHICKEN; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; SPERMATOZOA AB Campylobacter is one of the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human foodborne infections in the United States. Recent evidence has demonstrated that Campylobacter is present in poultry semen and may contribute to the vertical transmission between the breeder hen and offspring. As Campylobacter is considered sensitive to oxygen and cold temperature, the objective of this study was to determine if aeration and storage temperature could reduce or eliminate Campylobacter in poultry semen. In 4 separate trials, pooled semen samples were collected from roosters or toms, diluted with a commercial poultry semen extender, and inoculated with an average of 10(7) cells/mL of a wild-type C. jejuni or C. coli semen isolate. Pooled ejaculates were then divided into 3 aeration treatments: Control (no aeration), air, or oxygen (gently bubbled for 20 min with atmospheric air or oxygen, respectively). Immediately after aeration, pooled semen samples were further divided to 3 test storage temperatures: 4, 23, or 42degreesC. At 0, 2, 6, and 24 h of storage, samples were enumerated for Campylobacter. Aeration of the semen alone, or aeration with reduced temperatures (4 or 23degreesC), did not reduce the amount of Campylobacter compared with the controls. Campylobacter concentrations were, however, reduced when stored at 42degreesC for 24 h. This effect is associated with reduced sperm viability and is therefore not a practical treatment of reducing Campylobacter in semen. It appears alternative methods will be needed to eliminate Campylobacter from poultry semen. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1734 EP 1738 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 860BQ UT WOS:000224313100019 PM 15510561 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, NE TI A remarkable new Solva Walker (Diptera : Xylomyidae) from northern Borneo SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Borneo; Solva; xylomyid fly; Xylomyidae; secondary sexual characters AB Solva kinabalu, new species, is described from northern Borneo (Malaysia: Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu). It has a remarkably modified first antennal flagellomere in the male. The new species is most similar to S. furcicera Adisoemarto which also has a modified first antennal flagellomere. This is the first time male that a male secondary sexual character is reported in the Xylomyidae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nwoodley@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 106 IS 4 BP 900 EP 904 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 858KJ UT WOS:000224190400023 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH TI High-activity barley alpha-amylase by directed evolution SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase; AMY2; barley seed alpha-amylase; high-throughput assay; starch hydrolysis ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STARCH GRANULES; PH-PERFORMANCE; INHIBITOR BASI; EXPRESSION; HYDROLYSIS; BINDING; DOMAIN AB Barley alpha-amylase isozyme 2 was cloned into and constitutively secreted by Saccharomyces cervisiae. The gene coding for the wild-type enzyme was subjected to directed evolution. Libraries of mutants were screened by halo formation on starch agar plates, followed by high-throughput liquid assay using dye-labeled starch as the substrate. The concentration of recombinant enzyme in the culture supernatant was determined by immunodetection, and used for the calculation of specific activity. After three rounds of directed evolution, one mutant (Mu322) showed 1000 times the total activity and 20 times the specific activity of the wild-type enzyme produced by the same yeast expression system. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of this mutant with the wild type revealed five substitutions: Q44H, R303K and F325Y in domain A, and T94A and R128Q in domain B. Two of these mutations, Q44H and R303K, result in amino acids highly conserved in cereal alpha-amylases. R303K and F325Y are located in the raw starch-binding fragment of the enzyme molecule. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1007/s10930-004-5221-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 872PO UT WOS:000225219900003 PM 15635937 ER PT J AU Suo, Y Miernyk, JA AF Suo, Y Miernyk, JA TI Regulation of nucleocytoplasmic localization of the atDjC6 chaperone protein SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE chaperone; localization; nuclear export signal; nuclear localization signal; nucleus; phosphorylation; regulation ID POLYPOSIS-COLI PROTEIN; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; J-DOMAIN; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPORT SIGNALS; IMPORTIN-ALPHA; PHOSPHORYLATION SITES; KINASE; TRANSPORT AB The sequence of the atDjC6 chaperone protein includes three potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences (A-C) and three potential nuclear export signal (NES) sequences (X-Z). The subcellular localization of atDjC6 was studied by scanning laser confocal microscopy of chimera with the green-fluorescent protein (GFP) transiently expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells. The localization of the atDjC6::GFP chimera was coincident with that of the nuclear stain propidium iodide. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to verify the predicted NLS sequences. Each was individually fused to GFP and tested for protein localization. The individual NLS sequences were sufficient to direct partial nuclear localization of GFP, although the targeting information within NLS-B is apparently conformation sensitive. Site-directed mutagenesis of the NES sequences increased the amount of each chimera that was nuclearly localized, indicating a decrease in nuclear export. When any pair of NLS sequences were appended to GFP, the chimera were entirely nuclearly localized. Quantitative two-hybrid analysis was used to verify that the decoding of NLS sequence information involves interaction with the NLS-receptor protein importin-alpha. Each of the NLS sequences is flanked by a site of potential Ser phosphorylation, and recombinant atDjC6 could be phosphorylated in vitro. Mutagenesis of Ser residues to the P-Ser mimic Asp interfered with nuclear targeting, apparently by preventing recognition or binding by importin-alpha. Our results are consistent with a regulated nucleocytoplasmic localization of the atDjC6 chaperone protein. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM miernykj@missouri.edu NR 71 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD OCT PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s00709-004-0050-x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 862YL UT WOS:000224527300008 PM 15726812 ER PT J AU Regmi, A Ballenger, N Putnam, J AF Regmi, A Ballenger, N Putnam, J TI Globalisation and income growth promote the Mediterranean diet SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE consumption; income; trade; Mediterranean diet AB Objective: To examine global food demand patterns and how changing diets may stimulate demand for and trade of Mediterranean diet products. Design: Literature review. Trends in global and US food consumption patterns are examined and trade data are reviewed to evaluate the impact of changing diets on trade of Mediterranean diet products. Market access issues are also addressed briefly to highlight the role of policy in the trade of Mediterranean diet products. Results: Diets are shifting towards higher-value products such as meats, fruits and vegetables, and a wider array of packaged food products. Trade in these products has also grown in the past two decades, with several non-traditional importers and exporters becoming increasingly active in the global market. Conclusions: Income-driven demands for quality and variety are likely to increase the demand for Mediterranean diet products globally. While the middle-income countries appear to be the best growth prospects, the USA remains a potential growth market if these products can meet the growing consumer demand for variety, quality and convenience. Although consumer trends globally indicate growth in demand for Mediterranean diet products, the additional demand may not be reflected by a corresponding growth in trade. Trade in Mediterranean diet products continues to be hampered by higher than average trade barriers and high transportation costs for perishables. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Regmi, A (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM aregmi@ers.usda.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 7 IS 7 BP 977 EP 983 DI 10.1079/PHN2004566 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 861VS UT WOS:000224447300025 PM 15482628 ER PT J AU Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ Palomares-Naveda, R Soto-Castillo, G Atencio, A Chase, CC Chenoweth, PJ AF Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ Palomares-Naveda, R Soto-Castillo, G Atencio, A Chase, CC Chenoweth, PJ TI Social and breed effects on the expression of a PGF2 alpha induced oestrus in beef cows SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article ID ESTROUS BEHAVIOR; ZEBU CATTLE; SEXUAL ACTIVITIES; HOLSTEIN COWS; BOS-INDICUS; DAIRY-COWS; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; HEIFERS; INSEMINATION; DOMINANCE AB Social organization and breed effects following PGF2alpha were studied in mature Angus, Brahman and Senepol cows allocated into two groups (each A = 5, B = 5 and S = 5). Variables including interval to oestrus onset (IEO), oestrous duration (DE), total mounts received (TMR), and oestrous intensity (IE) were derived via HeatWatch(R). Breed-type influenced IEO (B = 42.6 +/- 6.7 h; S = 54.6 +/- 6.0 h; and A = 27.8 +/- 5.8 h; p < 0.003). Within breeds, dominant B (69.4 +/- 13.3 h) and S (65.5 +/- 7.4 h) cows were slower (p < 0.05) to be detected in oestrus than subordinate (38.1 +/- 4.4 h) and intermediate (40.6 +/- 6.0 h). However, within A, dominant cows (16.4 +/- 12.5 h) were detected in oestrus earlier (p < 0.05) than intermediate (44.3 +/- 9.2 h) and subordinates (32.7 +/- 5.1 h). Angus (21.5 +/- 2.4 h) and B (22.1 +/- 3.0 h) cows had longer (p < 0.01) DE than S (9.1 +/- 2.8 h). Dominants (20.4 +/- 3.0) and intermediates (20.2 +/- 2.3 h) cows had longer DE (p < 0.04) than subordinates (12.1 +/- 2.1 h) although the interaction breed x social order showed that dominant S had shorter DE than dominant A and B (10.1 +/- 3.3; 34.8 +/- 6.0 h; and 20.0 +/- 6.4 h, respectively; p < 0.001). Angus cows had less TMR than B (p < 0.02) and tended to be less than S cows (p < 0.06). Overall, greatest (p < 0.008) IE occurred in the first 9 h after onset of oestrus with no breed effect (p > 0.05). Dominant cows tended (p < 0.10) to have less TMR (3.2 +/- 0.7 mounts) than subordinate (4.1 +/- 0.4 mounts) and intermediate (4.7 +/- 0.6 mounts) throughout, especially 3-6 h after oestrus onset (p < 0.07). Breed and social order both influence PGF2alpha-induced oestrus behaviour. C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Dept Prod Anim, Unidad Invest Zootecn, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, STARS, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Landaeta-Hernandez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Dept Prod Anim, Unidad Invest Zootecn, Av Guajira,Ciudad Univ, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. EM landaetaa@yahoo.es NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00515.x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853XF UT WOS:000223863200005 PM 15367263 ER PT J AU Rall, LC Roubenoff, R AF Rall, LC Roubenoff, R TI Rheumatoid cachexia: metabolic abnormalities, mechanisms and interventions SO RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rheumatoid arthritis; cachexia; protein metabolism; muscle; body cell mass; interleukin-1 beta; tumour necrosis factor-alpha; exercise ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BODY CELL MASS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AB We have previously identified the phrase 'rheumatoid cachexia' to describe the loss of body cell mass (BCM) that may occur among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Specifically, rheumatoid cachexia is characterized by altered energy and protein metabolism (reduced total energy expenditure, increased resting energy expenditure and increased whole-body protein catabolism) and increased inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Patients with rheumatoid cachexia consistently have a diet that appears adequate in protein and calories (based on US Dietary Reference Intakes), but with reduced physical activity. These phenomena are similar to some of the metabolic abnormalities that occur with normal ageing, but the aetiology appears to be different in RA. This review will focus on describing the metabolic abnormalities observed in rheumatoid cachexia, identifying potential mechanisms for loss of BCM and discussing strategies for intervention. C1 Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Millennium Pharmaceut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rall, LC (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, ML-2,1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM rall.laura@mcrf.mfldclin.edu NR 56 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-0324 J9 RHEUMATOLOGY JI RHEUMATOLOGY PD OCT PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1093/rheumatology/keh321 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 858QE UT WOS:000224206000004 PM 15292530 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, VA Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA Krecek, RC AF Kharchenko, VA Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA Krecek, RC TI A redescription of Cylicocyclus adersi Boulenger, 1920 (Nematoda : Strongyloidea : Cyathostominae) parasitic in equids SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-AFRICA NAMIBIA; ZEBRAS; PARK AB As part of a revision of the systematics of the Cyathostominea of equids, we determined that the single type-specimen of Cylicocyclus adersi Boulenger, 1920 is missing and a modern description of this rare species parasitic in donkeys Equus asinus L. and zebras E. burchelli ( Gray) and E. zebra L. is not available. Systematists at a workshop on the systematics of the Cyathostominea of horses, convened on August 11, 1997 in Sun City, South Africa, listed C. adersi as a species inquirenda. Herein, we provide a redescription of C. adersi and propose a neotype for the species. The distinctive shape of the buccal capsule of C. adersi, with a relatively tiny 'hoop-like thickening' at its base, a relatively small oesophageal funnel with a thick cuticular lining, and a short, but distinct, dorsal gutter readily distinguishes this species from other large species of Cylicocyclus Ihle, 1922. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Kharchenko, VA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, Vul B Khmelnytskogo 15, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1023/B:SYPA.0000044429.04246.3b PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 861BF UT WOS:000224390400004 PM 15477753 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Yao, J Nunez, A AF Cardamone, JM Yao, J Nunez, A TI Controlling shrinkage in wool fabrics: Effective hydrogen peroxide systems SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; PART AB Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) systems, including dicyandiamide, gluconic acid, and Triton X surfactant, used alone or followed by enzyme treatments, are investigated for their effectiveness in imparting shrinkage resistance to wool fabrics. Fractional factorial analysis shows that H2O2 is the most important factor and enzyme the second contributing factor in shrinkage control. An effective H2O2, nonenzymatic system with Triton X-114 limits structural changes to surface smoothing of the fibers and yields a relative area shrinkage of 2.95%. Another effective H2O2 system, using the same pretreatment but followed by an enzymatic treatment with additives-polyacrylamide to restrict enzyme activity to the fiber surface and sodium sulfite to reduce disulfide linkages-yields 1.16% area shrinkage. The most important factor in shrinkage control is replacing the hydrophobicity of the wool's surface with an anionic charge through the formation of cysteic acid. This leads to the release of 18-methyleicosanoic (18-MEA) acid from the fiber surface and underlying cell membrane complex attached to the surface scales of wool through thioester linkages. TLC, FTIR, and EI-MS are used to prove the presence of fatty acids and 18-MEA in spent baths and in extracts of the treated fabrics. Imparting hydrophilicity to wool by conferring an anionic charge suggests new possibilities for wool reactivity. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jcardamone@arserrc.gov NR 31 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 10 BP 887 EP 898 DI 10.1177/004051750407401008 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 863GH UT WOS:000224548600008 ER PT J AU Kolkman, JM Slabaugh, MB Bruniard, JM Berry, S Bushman, BS Olungu, C Maes, N Abratti, G Zambelli, A Miller, JF Leon, A Knapp, SJ AF Kolkman, JM Slabaugh, MB Bruniard, JM Berry, S Bushman, BS Olungu, C Maes, N Abratti, G Zambelli, A Miller, JF Leon, A Knapp, SJ TI Acetohydroxyacid synthase mutations conferring resistance to imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides in sunflower SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; KOCHIA KOCHIA-SCOPARIA; BEET BETA-VULGARIS; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; COMMON SUNFLOWER; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; MOLECULAR-BASIS; GENETIC STOCKS; LINKAGE MAP AB Wild biotypes of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are weeds in corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and other crops in North America, and are commonly controlled by applying acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides. Biotypes resistant to two classes of AHAS-inhibiting herbicides-imidazolinones (IMIs) or sulfonylureas (SUs)-have been discovered in wild sunflower populations (ANN-PUR and ANN-KAN) treated with imazethapyr or chlorsulfuron, respectively. The goals of the present study were to isolate AHAS genes from sunflower, identify mutations in AHAS genes conferring herbicide resistance in ANN-PUR and ANN-KAN, and develop tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of herbicide resistance genes in sunflower. Three AHAS genes (AHAS1, AHAS2, and AHAS3) were identified, cloned, and sequenced from herbicide-resistant (mutant) and -susceptible (wild type) genotypes. We identified 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AHAS1, a single six-base pair insertion-deletion in AHAS2, and a single SNP in AHAS3. No DNA polymorphisms were found in AHAS2 among elite inbred lines. AHAS1 from imazethapyr-resistant inbreds harbored a C-to-T mutation in codon 205 (Arabidopsis thaliana codon nomenclature), conferring resistance to IMI herbicides, whereas AHAS1 from chlorsulfuron-resistant inbreds harbored a C-to-T mutation in codon 197, conferring resistance to SU herbicides. SNP and single-strand conformational polymorphism markers for AHAS1, AHAS2, and AHAS3 were developed and genetically mapped. AHAS1, AHAS2, and AHAS3 mapped to linkage groups 2 (AHAS3), 6 (AHAS2), and 9 (AHAS1). The C/T SNP in codon 205 of AHAS1 cosegregated with a partially dominant gene for resistance to IMI herbicides in two mutant - wild-type populations. The molecular breeding tools described herein create the basis for rapidly identifying new mutations in AHAS and performing MAS for herbicide resistance genes in sunflower. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Advanta Seeds UK Ltd, Kings Lynn PE31 8LS, Norfolk, England. SES Europe NV SA, Advanta Biotechnol Dept, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium. Advanta Semillas, Balcarce Res Stn, Balcarce, Argentina. RP Slabaugh, MB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mary.b.slabaugh@oregonstate.edu NR 57 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1159 DI 10.1007/s00122-004-1716-7 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 864DP UT WOS:000224614100006 PM 15309298 ER PT J AU Buehler, PW Alayash, AI AF Buehler, PW Alayash, AI TI Toxicities of hemoglobin solutions: in search of in-vitro and in-vivo model systems SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Review ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE-CATALASE; POLYMERIZED PYRIDOXYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; REGIONAL BLOOD-CIRCULATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SCAVENGER; STROMA-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; POLYOXYETHYLENE CONJUGATE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK AB Several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed with a rationale focused on exploiting one or more physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygen affinity, molecular weight, viscosity, and colloid osmotic pressure) resulting from the chemical or recombinant modification of hemoglobin (Hb). Several chemically modified Hbs have reached late stages of clinical evaluation in the United States and Canada. These Hbs, in general, demonstrated mixed preclinical safety and efficacy, and reasonable safety in Phase I trials. However, as clinical development shifted into later stages, an undesirable safety and efficacy profile became clear in patient populations studied, and as a result some products were withdrawn from further clinical pursuit. Several questions still remain unanswered regarding the safety of Hb products for their proposed clinical indication(s). For example, 1) were preclinical studies predictive of clinical outcome? And, 2) were the most appropriate preclinical studies performed to predict clinical outcome? The primary objectives of this analysis are to explore prelinical safety issues associated with HBOCs and provide an overview of the in-vitro and in-vivo models employed. The methods for obtaining data to serve as a basis for discussion are compiled from a literature-based survey of safety and efficacy derived from biochemical, cellular, and whole animal assessment of HBOCs. Results from this overview of a vast body of published data may provide a means for identifying critical preclinical safety issues, which may ultimately lead to identification of potential limitations in the effective clinical use of certain HBOCs. C1 USDA, ARS, Lab Biochem & Vasc Biol, Div Hematol, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA, ARS, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Alayash, AI (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 29,Room 112,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM alayash@cber.fda.gov NR 154 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1516 EP 1530 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04081.x PG 15 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 858DX UT WOS:000224171600019 PM 15383027 ER PT J AU Hily, JM Scorza, R Malinowski, T Zawadzka, B Ravelonandro, M AF Hily, JM Scorza, R Malinowski, T Zawadzka, B Ravelonandro, M TI Stability of gene silencing-based resistance to Plum pox virus in transgenic plum (Prunus domestica L.) under field conditions SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methylation; Plum pox virus (PPV); post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS); resistance; transgenic fruit trees ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; DNA METHYLATION; PLANTS; RNA; INFECTION; EXPRESSION; PCR AB Plum pox virus (PPV) is one of the most devastating diseases of Prunus species. Since few sources of resistance to PPV have been identified, transgene-based resistance offers a complementary approach to developing PPV-resistant stone fruit cultivars. C5, a transgenic clone of Prunus domestica L., containing the PPV coat protein (CP) gene, has been described as highly resistant to PPV in greenhouse tests, displaying characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). We show in this report that C5 trees exposed to natural aphid vectors in the field remained uninfected after 4 years while susceptible transgenic and untransformed trees developed severe symptoms within the first year. C5 trees inoculated by chip budding showed only very mild symptoms and PPV could be detected in these trees by IC-RT-PCR. The PPV-CP transgene in C5 was specifically hyper-methylated with no detectable expression. These results indicate both stability and efficiency of PTGS-based PPV resistance in plum under field conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Inst Pomol & Floriculture, PL-96100 Skierniewice, Poland. INRA Bordeaux, UMR GDPP Virol, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM rscorza@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s11248-004-8702-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 865TA UT WOS:000224724600003 PM 15587267 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Hinojosa, JA Hoffmann, WA Franco, AC AF Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Hinojosa, JA Hoffmann, WA Franco, AC TI Processes preventing nocturnal equilibration between leaf and soil water potential in tropical savanna woody species SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capacitance; nocturnal transpiration; sap flow; soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; stomata ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; SAP FLOW; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; PREDAWN PLANT; GAS-EXCHANGE; STORAGE; DISEQUILIBRIUM; REDISTRIBUTION; TRANSPIRATION; DEHYDRATION AB The impact of nocturnal water loss and recharge of stem water storage on predawn disequilibrium between leaf (psi(L)) and soil (psi(S)) water potentials was studied in three dominant tropical savanna woody species in central Brazil (Cerrado). Sap flow continued throughout the night during the dry season and contributed from 13 to 28% of total daily transpiration. During the dry season, psi(L) was substantially less negative in covered transpiring leaves, throughout the day and night, than in exposed leaves. Before dawn, differences in psi(L) between covered and exposed leaves were about 0.4 MPa. When relationships between sap flow and psi(L) of exposed leaves were extrapolated to zero flow, the resulting values of psi(L) (a proxy of weighted mean soil water potential) in two of the species were similar to predawn values of covered leaves. Consistent with substantial nocturnal sap flow, stomatal conductance (g(s)) never dropped below 40 mmol m(-2) s(-1) at night, and in some cases, rose to as much as 100 mmol m(-2) s(-1) before the end of the dark period. Nocturnal g, decreased linearly with increasing air saturation deficit (D), but there were species-specific differences in the slopes of the relationships between nocturnal g(s) and D. Withdrawal and recharge of water from stem storage compartments were assessed by monitoring diel fluctuations of stem diameter with electronic dendrometers. Stem water storage compartments tended to recharge faster when nocturnal transpiration was reduced by covering the entire plant. Water potential of covered leaves did not stabilize in any of the plants before the end of the dark period, suggesting that, even in covered plants, water storage tissues were not fully rehydrated by dawn. Patterns of sap flow and expansion and contraction of stems reflected the dynamics of water movement during utilization and recharge of stem water storage tissues. This study showed that nighttime transpiration and recharge of internal water storage contribute to predawn disequilibrium in water potential between leaves and soil in neotropical savanna woody plants. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Funct, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Inst Biol, Valparaiso, Chile. Univ Brasilia, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM goldstein@bio.miami.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 36 TC 123 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 41 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1119 EP 1127 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 861WL UT WOS:000224449200005 PM 15294758 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Dawson, H Kringel, H Solano-Aguilar, G Urban, JF AF Zarlenga, DS Dawson, H Kringel, H Solano-Aguilar, G Urban, JF TI Molecular cloning of the Swine IL-4 receptor alpha and IL-13 receptor 1-chains: effects of experimental Toxoplasma gondii, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis infections on tissue mRNA levels SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IL-4 receptor; IL-13 receptor; swine; real-time PCR; gene expression ID HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR; B-CELLS; SPECIES-SPECIFICITY; HELMINTH INFECTION; GAMMA-CHAIN; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; MICE; LYMPHOCYTES AB IL-4 and IL-13 are multi-functional cytokines with overlapping roles in the host defense against infection. Equally important in the regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 are their associated receptors. Though, their functional receptor complexes and signaling pathways are intricate and in some cases, share common elements, the specificity of the responses, nonetheless, resides in the structure and binding of the alpha-chain components. This report presents the cloning of the swine receptors IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 and the effects of parasite infection on their transcription. Pairwise alignment of predicted amino acid sequences indicates that the swine IL-13Ralpha1 is 86, 83, and 72% similar to canine, human and mouse sequences, respectively. Amino acid sequence conservation is appreciably lower between the swine IL-4Ralpha sequence and those from equine (72%), human (66%), and mouse (49%); however, noteworthy similarities were observed in their overall predicted secondary structures predominantly among the swine, equine, and human homologues. Relative levels of receptor mRNA in tissues from swine experimentally infected with the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) or the nematodes Ascaris suum (A. suum) or Trichuris suis (T suis), which are known to induce Th1 or Th2 host responses, respectively, were measured by real-time PCR. Results indicated that within 14 days following infection, overall mRNA levels for IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha1 were elevated in T gondii-infected animals and reduced in A. suum-infected animals. Levels of swIL-4Ralpha and swIL-13Ralpha1 mRNA in T suis-infected animals varied coincidentally with the course of the infection and the location of the analyzed tissue. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 1180 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zarlenga@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.05.003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 857XZ UT WOS:000224154600010 PM 15350752 ER PT J AU Babu, U Dalloul, RA Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Xie, H Raybourne, RB Gaines, D Heckert, RA AF Babu, U Dalloul, RA Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Xie, H Raybourne, RB Gaines, D Heckert, RA TI Salmonella enteritidis clearance and immune responses in chickens following Salmonella vaccination and challenge SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; vaccine; chicken; flagella; lymphocyte proliferation ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; T-CELL RESPONSES; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; LAYING HENS; WILD-TYPE; INFECTION; VACCINES; MICE; STRAIN; PROTECTION AB Our previous work showed that the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was enhanced by live Salmonella vaccine (LV). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of live and killed Salmonella vaccines on Salmonella enteritidis (SE) clearance and to determine if the clearance was mediated by cell-mediated and/or humoral immunity. Chickens were first immunized at 2 weeks of age followed by a booster dose at 4 weeks, challenged with live SE 2 weeks later (6-week-old) and tested for CMI, antibody response and SE clearance 1-week post SE-challenge (7-week-old). Spleen cell proliferation induced by SE-flagella and Concanavalin A (Con A) were significantly higher and SE shedding was significantly lower in the LV group. The splenic CD3 population was significantly lower and B cells were higher in the control group compared to all the SE-challenged groups (with and without vaccination). Serum antibody to SE-flagella and envelope were significantly higher in the KV group compared to all the other groups. These results suggest that LV protects against SE infection, probably by enhancing the CMI (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Babu, U (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food & Appl Nutr, HFS 326,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM usb@cfsan.fda.gov OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.05.002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 857XZ UT WOS:000224154600013 PM 15350755 ER PT J AU Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG Cox, L AF Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG Cox, L TI Sorption-desorption of 'aged' isoxaflutole and diketonitrile degradate in soil SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; diketonitrile; degradation; sorption; desorption; hydrolysis; soil ID HERBICIDE ISOXAFLUTOLE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CARRY-OVER; PH; METABOLITE; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; TIME; MODE AB Isoxaflutole is a relatively new herbicide used for weed control in maize. The objective of this research was to increase the understanding of the behaviour and environmental fate of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile (DKN) degradate in soil, including determination of the strength of sorption to soil and whether sorption is affected by ageing. In sandy loam (SL) and silty clay (SiCl) soils, C-14-isoxaflutole was found to dissipate rapidly after application to soil; recovery ranged from similar to42% to 68% at week 0, and recovery had decreased to <10% at week 12. Decreases in C-14 isoxaflutole residues over time in SL and SiCl soils are consistent with hydrolysis of isoxaflutole and formation of bound DKN residues in the soil. DKN recovery from freshly treated SiCl and SL soils was 41% to 52%. After a 12-week incubation in SL soil at pH 7.1 and 8.0, recoveries were similar, similar to40%. However, at week 12 in SL soil pH 5.7, DKN recovery decreased to similar to28%. DKN recovery in SiCl soil at week 12 was <10%. Increases in sorption of DKN in SL at pH 5.7 and SiCl soil over time indicate that the DKN degradate is tightly bound to the soil and sorption is affected by soil pH and soil type. Sorption of C-14-DKN in the SiCl soil more than doubled with ageing compared with the lower K-d sorption coefficient values of the SL soils. In the SiCl soil at time 0, the K-d was 0.6; at 1 week, K-d increased to 2; and at the end of the 12-week incubation period, K-d was 4.5. This strong binding of DKN to the soil may be due to chelate formation in the interlayer of the clay. C1 UMN Twin Cities, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), UMN Twin Cities, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00414.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 853GV UT WOS:000223816200006 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Chachalis, D AF Reddy, KN Chachalis, D TI Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) management in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate formulation; perennial vine; transgenic soybean; weed biomass; weed density ID GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; SALTS AB Three field studies were conducted during 1998 to 2002 at Stoneville, MS, to examine the efficacy of glufosinate and glyphosate on redvine and trumpetcreeper control in glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean. Glyphosate at 2.52 kg ae/ha applied approximately 3 wk before planting soybean reduced trumpetcreeper density (45 to 52%) but not redvine compared with no glyphosate in both glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, glyphosate applied preplant reduced biomass of both species in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Glyphosate early postemergence (EPOST) followed by (fb) late postemergence (LPOST) had no effect on redvine density but reduced trumpetcreeper density (70%) compared with the no-herbicide control. There were no differences in densities and biomass of redvine and trumpetcreeper and soybean yield among isopropylamine, diammonium, and aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate salts of glyphosate. Overall, trumpetcreeper is more susceptible to glyphosate than redvine. Glufosinate EPOST with or without acifluorfen or glufosinate EPOST fb LPOST had no effect on densities of redvine and trumpetcreeper but reduced biomass 45 to 76% and 35 to 58%, respectively, compared with the nontreated control. These results show that glyphosate preplant and POST in-crop applications can reduce trumpetcreeper density but not redvine, and glufosinate POST applications can suppress growth of both species. C1 NAGREF, Inst Plant Protect, Volos 38001, Greece. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), NAGREF, Inst Plant Protect, Volos 38001, Greece. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1064 DI 10.1614/WT-03-234R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887XX UT WOS:000226339900026 ER PT J AU Kreiser, BR Bryson, CT Usnick, SJ AF Kreiser, BR Bryson, CT Usnick, SJ TI Genetic variation in native and introduced populations of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroplast DNA; SPAR ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; PRIMERS; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; MARKERS; REGIONS; WEED AB Tropical soda apple samples were collected from 31 populations across the southeastern United States and from four populations in a portion of its native range in Brazil. The genetic relationships among these populations were examined by single primer amplification reactions (SPAR) and by sequencing a portion of the chloroplast genome. SPAR revealed no variation among the 132 individuals and only two chloroplast haplotypes were detected in the 50 individuals sequenced. The most common haplotype was present in all samples from the United States and most of the Brazilian samples, whereas the second haplotype was only found in one of the Brazilian populations. Within the limitations of these data, we conclude that Brazil is the best location to seek a potential biological control agent for tropical soda apple, and that, if identified, this agent should prove useful for populations throughout the United States. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Kreiser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.kreiser@usm.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1124 DI 10.1614/WT-03-249R PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887XX UT WOS:000226339900035 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL Hanavan, D Ogg, AG AF Anderson, RL Hanavan, D Ogg, AG TI Developing national research teams: A case study with the jointed goatgrass research program SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEGCY; congressional special grant; integrated management; strategic planning; technology transfer ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES; AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; COMPETITIVENESS; SYSTEMS AB Weed scientists are facing research problems, such as invasive weeds, that may require multidisciplinary approaches to solve. One example is jointed goatgrass, a winter annual grass invading winter wheat fields and not easily managed with conventional control tactics. A national research program was started in 1994 to develop jointed goatgrass management strategies. Involving more than 35 scientists with diverse scientific expertise, this national approach fostered cooperative research projects across 11 states. Research involved entomology, economics, plant breeding, plant physiology, genetics, and weed science, leading to successful management systems for jointed goatgrass. To help other scientists organize regional or national programs, we describe development and performance of the jointed goatgrass program as well as suggest ideas for possible improvement. Pivotal to the success of the program was a Steering Committee, whose role was to establish research priorities and coordinate research across the western United States. C1 Jointed Goatgrass Res Initiat, Ten Sleep, WY 82442 USA. Colorado Wheat Adm Committee, Centennial, CO 80112 USA. USDA, ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), Jointed Goatgrass Res Initiat, 207 Mt View Lane,POB 53, Ten Sleep, WY 82442 USA. EM randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1149 DI 10.1614/WT-04-124R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 887XX UT WOS:000226339900038 ER PT J AU Daterman, GE Wenz, JM Sheehan, KA AF Daterman, GE Wenz, JM Sheehan, KA TI Early Warning System for Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreaks in the western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Orgyia pseudotsugata; pheromones; trap-catches; defoliation; tussock moths ID PSEUDOTSUGATA MCDUNNOUGH LEPIDOPTERA; ENDEMIC POPULATIONS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; LYMANTRIIDAE AB The Early Warning System is a pheromone-based trapping system used to detect outbreaks of Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM, Orgyia pseudotsugata) in the western United States. Millions of acres are susceptible to DFTM defoliation, but Early Warning System monitoring focuses attention only on the relatively limited areas where outbreaks may be developing. During 20+ years of monitoring, the Early Warning System provided warnings of 1-3 years for seven of nine outbreaks. No warnings were provided for two outbreaks because of inadequate density and distribution of Early Warning System plots in those specific areas. Plots should be evenly distributed over host-type forests at a density of at least I Early Warning System plot per 3,000 ac. After potential outbreaks have been identified by the Early Warning System, ground sampling for egg masses and larvae is necessary to characterize local DFTM populations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM ksheehan@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 232 EP 241 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865NA UT WOS:000224708600002 ER PT J AU Bechtold, WA AF Bechtold, WA TI Largest-crown-width prediction models for 53 species in the western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE largest crown width; tree crown width; crown diameter; crown modeling ID FOREST HEALTH AB The mean crown diameters of stand-grown trees 5.0-in. dbh and larger were modeled as a function of stem diameter, live-crown ratio, stand-level basal area, latitude, longitude, elevation, and Hopkins bioclimatic index for 53 tree species in the western United States. Stem diameter was statistically significant in all models, and a quadratic term for stem diameter was required for some species. Crown ratio and/or Hopkins index also improved the models for most species. A term for stand-level basal area was not generally needed but did yield some minor improvement for a few species. Coefficients of variation from the regression solutions ranged from 17 to 33%, and model R-2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.85. Simpler models, based solely on stem diameter, are also presented. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Bechtold, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. EM wabechtold@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865NA UT WOS:000224708600004 ER PT J AU Monleon, VJ Azuma, D Gedney, D AF Monleon, VJ Azuma, D Gedney, D TI Equations for predicting uncompacted crown ratio based on compacted crown ratio and tree attributes SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE crown fire risk; crown base height; cross-validation AB Equations to predict uncompacted crown ratio as a function of compacted crown ratio, tree diameter, and tree height are developed for the main tree species in Oregon, Washington, and California using data from the Forest Health Monitoring Program, USDA Forest Service. The uncompacted crown ratio was modeled with a logistic function and fitted using weighted, nonlinear regression. The models were evaluated using cross-validation. Mean squared error of predicted uncompacted crown ratio was between 0.1 and 0.15, overall bias was negligible, and correlation between the predicted and observed uncompacted crown ratio was high for most species. The sensitivity of crown fire risk to crown ratio estimation method was evaluated using the Fire and Fuels Extension of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Torching index, an estimate of the wind speed needed for a crown fire to develop, was significantly greater when compacted crown ratio was used instead of uncompacted crown ratio. The close agreement in torching indices simulated using predicted and observed uncompacted crown ratio provides further evidence of the utility of the models developed in this study. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Azuma, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM dave.azuma@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 865NA UT WOS:000224708600006 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ Sipes, SD Griswold, TL AF Tepedino, VJ Sipes, SD Griswold, TL TI Reproduction and demography of Townsendia aprica (Asteraceae), a rare endemic of the Southern Utah Plateau SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Townsendia aprica; rare plant; reproduction; breeding system; pollinator; conservation; demography; Asteraceae ID CONSERVATION; PLANTS AB Townsendia aprica (Asteraceae: Astereae), a rare pulvinate perennial of the Southern Utah Plateau, was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1985. Here we report on the reproductive biology and pollination of this little-known species and provide an estimate, for a single site-year, of size-specific reproductive effort. Last Chance townsendia appears a short-lived perennial that begins reproducing in its 2nd year (1.5-2.0 cm diameter). Maximum reproductive effort is attained with the 2.5-4.0 cm diameter size class: 38% of these plants produced 84% of the flower heads. Few plants survived past the 4-cm size class. The species is primarily self-incompatible: neither autogamous nor geitonogamous breeding system treatments produced a significant number of achenes. Unlike some populations of some congeners, the Ivie Creek population was not apomictic. Outcrossing is the primary means of reproduction and native solitary bees are the most important pollinators. Paramount are several species in the genus Osmia, and the ground-nesting species Synhalonia fulvitarsis, Which nests among the T aprica plants. Synhalonia fulvitarsis also visits a contemporaneous blooming phlox (P. austromontana), which may facilitate pollination of the rare townsendia. The Townsendia-Phlox-Synhalonia interaction may represent another example of why we must consider communities rather than individual species in our conservation efforts. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868ZU UT WOS:000224952700006 ER PT J AU Mealor, BA Hild, AL Shaw, NL AF Mealor, BA Hild, AL Shaw, NL TI Native plant community composition and genetic diversity associated with long-term weed invasions SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE native grasses; invasive plants; diversity; ISSR; Acroptilon repens; Cardaria draba; Achnatherum hymenoides; Hesperostipa comata; Sporobolus airoides; Poa secunda ID SEQUENCE REPEAT ISSR; CENTAUREA REPENS; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; INVASIBILITY; PATTERNS; HISTORY; BIOLOGY AB Many studies have assessed genetic changes in exotic plant species in their native and introduced ranges, but none have focused on genetic variation in native plant species in response to exotic invasion. We examine characteristics of native plant communities within and outside old (>25 year) invasions of Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed) and Cardaria draba (hoary cress). We also document genetic variability of 4 native grass populations (Hesperostipa comata [needle and thread], Achnatherun lujmenoides [Indian ricegrass], Sporobolus airoides [alkali sacaton], and Poa secunda [Sandberg bluegrass]) front 2 areas: adjacent to and within weed invasions. Native plant species richness and diversity did not differ between invaded and noninvaded areas. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis of individual native perennial grasses of each of the 4 species suggests that populations exposed to long-term coexistence with exotics may differ front adjacent noninvaded populations. We suggest that future research efforts should focus on intraspecific diversity of native plant species to identify possible candidates for restoration following weed control. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Mealor, BA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Box 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 503 EP 513 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868ZU UT WOS:000224952700011 ER PT J AU Bess, JA O'Neilll, KM Kemp, WP AF Bess, JA O'Neilll, KM Kemp, WP TI Leafhopper assemblages on native and reseeded grasslands in southwestern Montana SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE biological diversity; grassland; habitat type; prairie; Homoptera; Cicadellidae ID SOWN CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS; HOMOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; AUCHENORRHYNCHA; AUCHENORHYNCHA; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; RHYNCHOTA; PLANT AB Using sweep samples, we surveyed leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on grassland sites in the Gallatin Valley of Montana during 1988 and 1991. We sampled 12 sites representing 2 habitat types defined by their dominant plant species in an undisturbed state (Stipa comata/Bouteloua gracilis and Festuca idahoensis/Agropyron spicatum). At half of the sites the native plant communities were present, whereas the remainder had been reseeded with either Agropyron spicatum (to replace the S. comata/B. gracilis assemblage) or Bromus inermis (to replace the F. idahoensis/A. spicatum assemblage). We found at least 66 species of leafhoppers among 44,428 adults collected. Seven taxa comprised 83% of all individuals collected: Doratura stylata (26%), Ceratagallia spp. (18%), Endria inimica (17%), Orocastus perpusillus (7%), Sorhoanus spp. (6%), Athysanella spp. (5%), and Psammotettix lividellus (4%). Sites with similar vegetation had broadly similar leafhopper assemblages, and assemblages differed most between the relatively xeric Stipa comata/Bouteloua gracilis sites and the more mesic sites dominated by Bromus inermis. The composition of a leafhopper assemblage at a site tended to be more similar to those oil noncontiguous sites with the same overall vegetation than to those on contiguous sites with different vegetation. These patterns are likely related to the fact that many Cicadellidae are host specialists. in fact, variation in abundance of some of the most common leafhopper taxa on our sites was correlated with the percent cover of their known host plants. Our analyses of the leafhopper assemblages generally support the contention that terrestrial plant associations are among the more useful indicators of insect community composition. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bess, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2004 VL 64 IS 4 BP 518 EP 531 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868ZU UT WOS:000224952700013 ER PT J AU Myers, GC AF Myers, GC TI Optimizing lodgepole pine submerchantable log thermomechanical pulp SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lodgepole pine; small diameter; mechanical pulping; thermomechanical pulping (TMP); pulp properties; paper properties AB To restore and maintain ecosystem health and function in the western interior of the United States, many small-diameter stems need to be removed from densely stocked stands. These stems are considered nonusable or underutilized (good, economical uses need to be developed). As of now, the most logical use for the small-diameter resource is pulp. In this study, thermomechanical pulps (TMP) were prepared and evaluated from lodgepole pine submerchantable logs, utilizing different preparation procedures to show that mechanical pulping is a viable option for utilizing this small-diameter resource. Compared with TMP prepared from sawmill residue chips, the unscreened submerchantable log TMP used less electrical energy, retained more of the original fiber length, but had slightly lower physical and optical properties. Wood handling and debarking costs of the submerchantable log resource might be higher because of the small diameters. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Myers, GC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 861MU UT WOS:000224421600003 ER PT J AU Piao, C Shupe, TE Hse, CY AF Piao, C Shupe, TE Hse, CY TI Mechanical properties of small-scale wood laminated composite poles SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composite poles; wood composites; LCP; shear strength; crushing strength; utility poles AB Power companies in the United States consume millions of solid wood poles every year. These poles are from high-valued trees that are becoming more expensive and less available. Wood laminated composite poles (LCP) are a novel alternative to solid wood poles. LCP consist of trapezoid wood strips that are bonded by a synthetic resin. The wood strips can be made from low-valued wood and residues. This study evaluated the mechanical performance of small-scale LCP as affected by strip thickness and number of strips in a pole. The maximum bending stress of composite poles was comparable to that of solid poles of the same sizes. Thicker wood strips lead to stronger glue-line shear but poorer crushing stress. Number of strips in a pole was positively correlated to modulus of elasticity (MOE) and shear stress but negatively correlated to crushing stress. The results suggest that LCP with shell thickness greater than 50% of its diameter could be a possible substitute for solid wood poles. Thinner shells can be used by filling partially or totally the hallow core with other materials such as processing wastes. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alexandria, LA USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 536 EP 546 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 861MU UT WOS:000224421600010 ER PT J AU Zuo, XQ Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE AF Zuo, XQ Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE TI Investigating the linearity assumption between lumber grade mix and yield using design of experiments (DOE) SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lumber grade mix; least-cost lumber grade mix; simple linearity; mixture design ID ANALYSIS TOOL; ROMI-RIP; ROUGHMILL OPERATIONS; PROGRAM AB Solving the least-cost lumber grade mix problem allows dimension mills to minimize the cost of dimension part production. This problem, due to its economic importance, has attracted much attention from researchers and industry in the past. Most solutions used linear programming models and assumed that a simple linear relationship existed between lumber grade mix and yield. However, this assumption has never been verified or rejected with scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to examine whether a linear relationship exists between yield and two- and three-grade lumber combinations using the USDA Forest Service's ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator and a cutting bill created by Bueldmann. The results showed that a simple linear relationship between grade mix and yield exists only for some grade combinations, but not for others. These findings were confirmed by repeating the tests using actual cutting bills from industry. It was observed that cutting bill characteristics, especially part length requirements and the lumber grades involved, are influential in causing a simple linear or nonlinear relationship between grade mix and yield. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Zuo, XQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 547 EP 559 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 861MU UT WOS:000224421600011 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH AF Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Prueger, JH TI Watershed scale temporal and spatial stability of soil moisture and its role in validating satellite estimates SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE soil moisture; temporal and spatial stability; Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; VARIABILITY; FIELD; PERSISTENCE; DESIGN; TIME AB Watershed scale soil moisture estimates are necessary to validate current remote sensing products, such as those from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR). Unfortunately, remote sensing technology does not currently resolve the land surface at a scale that is easily observed with ground measurements. One approach to validation is to use existing soil moisture measurement networks and scale these point observations up to the resolution of remote sensing footprints. As part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), one such soil moisture gaging system in the Walnut Creek Watershed, Iowa, provided robust estimates of the soil moisture average for a watershed throughout the summer of 2002. Twelve in situ soil moisture probes were installed across the watershed. These probes recorded soil moisture at a depth of 5 cm from June 29, 2002 to August 19, 2002. The sampling sites were analyzed for temporal and spatial stability by several measures including mean relative difference, Spearman rank, and correlation coefficient analysis. Representative point measurements were used to estimate the watershed scale ( similar to 25 km) soil moisture average and shown to be accurate indicators with low variance and bias of the watershed scale soil moisture distribution. This work establishes the validity of this approach to provide watershed scale soil moisture estimates in this study region for the purposes of satellite validation with estimation errors as small as 3%. Also, the potential sources of error in this type of analysis are explored. This study is a first step in the implementation of large-scale soil moisture validation using existing networks such as the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) and several Agricultural Research Service watersheds as a basis for calibrating satellite soil moisture products, for networks design, and designing field experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104,Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 20 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Neale, CMU Li, F Norman, JM Kustas, WP Jayanthi, H Chavez, J AF Anderson, MC Neale, CMU Li, F Norman, JM Kustas, WP Jayanthi, H Chavez, J TI Upscaling ground observations of vegetation water content, canopy height, and leaf area index during SMEX02 using aircraft and Landsat imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE SMEX02; Landsat; leaf area index ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; CORN; REFLECTANCE; SIMULATION; MOISTURE; COVER; FIFE AB Microwave-based remote sensing algorithms for mapping soil moisture are sensitive to water contained in surface vegetation at moderate levels of canopy cover. Correction schemes require spatially distributed estimates of vegetation water content at scales comparable to that of the microwave sensor footprint (10(1) to 10(4) in). This study compares the relative utility of high-resolution (1.5 in) aircraft and coarser-resolution (30 in) Landsat imagery in upscaling an extensive set of ground-based measurements of canopy biophysical properties collected during the Soil Moisture Experiment of 2002 (SMEX02) within the Walnut Creek Watershed. The upscaling was accomplished using expolinear relationships developed between spectral vegetation indices and measurements of leaf area index, canopy height, and vegetation water content. Of the various indices examined, a Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), derived from near- and shortwave-infrared reflectances, was found to be least susceptible to saturation at high levels of leaf area index. With the aircraft data set, which did not include a short-wave infrared water absorption band, the Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) yielded best correlations with observations and highest saturation levels. At the observation scale (10 in), LAI was retrieved from both NDWI and OSAVI imagery with an accuracy of 0.6, vegetation water content at 0.7 kg m(-2), and canopy height to within 0.2 in. Both indices were used to estimate field-scale mean canopy properties and variability for each of the intensive soil-moisture-sampling sites within the watershed study area. Results regarding scale invariance over the SMEX02 study area in transformations from band reflectance and vegetation indices to canopy biophysical properties are also presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcanders@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 30 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 447 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.019 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200004 ER PT J AU Walthall, C Dulaney, W Anderson, M Norman, J Fang, HL Liang, SL AF Walthall, C Dulaney, W Anderson, M Norman, J Fang, HL Liang, SL TI A comparison of empirical and neural network approaches for estimating corn and soybean leaf area index from Landsat ETM+ imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE LAI; Landsat ETM; NDVI; SVI; Green SVI; neural network; LUT; SMEX; AERONET; vegetation cover ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION COVER; MODEL; SIMULATION; INSTRUMENT; EXTRACTION; INVERSION; PROSPECT; SPECTRA AB Plant foliage density expressed as leaf area index (LAI) is used in many ecological, meteorological, and agronomic models, and as a means of quantifying crop spatial variability for precision fanning. LAI retrieval using spectral vegetation indices (SVI) from optical remotely sensed data usually requires site-specific calibration values from the surface or the use of within-scene image information without surface calibrations to invert radiative transfer models. An evaluation of LAI retrieval methods was conducted using (1) empirical methods employing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a new SVI that uses green wavelength reflectance, (2) a scaled NDVI approach that uses no calibration measurements, and (3) a hybrid approach that uses a neural network (NN) and a radiative transfer model without site-specific calibration measurements. While research has shown that under a variety of conditions NDVI is not optimal for LAI retrieval, its continued use for remote sensing applications and in analysis seeking to develop improved parameter retrieval algorithms based on NDVI suggests its value as a "benchmark" or standard against which other methods can be compared. Landsat-7 ETM+ data for July I and July 8 from the Soil Moisture EXperiment 2002 (SMEX02) field campaign in the Walnut Creek watershed south of Ames, IA, were used for the analysis. Sun photometer data collected from a site within the watershed were used to atmospherically correct the imagery to surface reflectance. LAI validation measurements of corn and soybeans were collected close to the dates of the Landsat-7 overpasses. Comparable results were obtained with the empirical SVI methods and the scaled SVI method within each date. The hybrid method, although promising, did not account for as much of the variability as the SVI methods. Higher atmospheric optical depths for July 8 leading to surface reflectance errors are believed to have resulted in overall poorer performance for this date. Use of SVIs employing green wavelengths, improved method for the definition of image minimum and maximum clusters used by the scaled NDVI method, and further development of a soil reflectance index used by the hybrid NN approach are warranted. More importantly, the results demonstrate that reasonable LAI estimates are possible using optical remote sensing methods without in situ, site-specific calibration measurements. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Walthall, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W,Room 120B,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cwalthall@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; NR 33 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200005 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Chen, DY Cosh, M Li, FQ Anderson, M Walthall, C Doriaswamy, P Hunt, ER AF Jackson, TJ Chen, DY Cosh, M Li, FQ Anderson, M Walthall, C Doriaswamy, P Hunt, ER TI Vegetation water content mapping using Landsat data derived normalized difference water index for corn and soybeans SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE vegetation water content; Landsat; NDWI ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; REFLECTANCE DATA; SPECTRAL INDEX; AVIRIS DATA; RETRIEVAL; INFORMATION; THICKNESS; CANOPIES; MOISTURE; LEAVES AB Information about vegetation water content (VWC) has widespread utility in agriculture, forestry, and hydrology. It is also useful in retrieving soil moisture from microwave remote sensing observations. Providing a VWC estimate allows us to control a degree of freedom in the soil moisture retrieval process. However, these must be available in a timely fashion in order to be of value to routine applications, especially soil moisture retrieval. As part of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02), the potential of using satellite spectral reflectance measurements to map and monitor VWC for corn and soybean canopies was evaluated. Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus data and ground-based VWC measurements were used to establish relationships based on remotely sensed indices. The two indices studied were the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The NDVI saturated during the study period while the NDWI continued to reflect changes in VWC. NDWI was found to be superior based upon a quantitative analysis of bias and standard error. The method developed was used to map daily VWC for the watershed over the 1-month experiment period. It was also extended to a larger regional domain. In order to develop more robust and operational methods, we need to look at how we can utilize the MODIS instruments on the Terra and Aqua platforms, which can provide daily temporal coverage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Civil & Construct Engn, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 26 TC 264 Z9 282 U1 12 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.021 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200006 ER PT J AU Li, FQ Jackson, TJ Kustas, WP Schmugge, TJ French, AN Cosh, MH Bindlish, R AF Li, FQ Jackson, TJ Kustas, WP Schmugge, TJ French, AN Cosh, MH Bindlish, R TI Deriving land surface temperature from Landsat 5 and 7 during SMEX02/SMACEX SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE land surface temperature; Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper; Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper ID EMISSIVITY SEPARATION; VEGETATION INDEX; ENERGY FLUXES; INFRARED DATA; RESOLUTION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; IMAGES; MODEL AB A sequence of five high-resolution satellite-based land surface temperature (T,) images over a watershed area in Iowa were analyzed. As a part of the SMEX02 field experiment, these land surface temperature images were extracted from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) thermal bands. The radiative transfer model MODTRAN 4.1 was used with atmospheric profile data to atmospherically correct the Landsat data. NDVI derived from Landsat visible and near-infrared bands was used to estimate fractional vegetation cover, which in turn was used to estimate emissivity for Landsat thermal bands. The estimated brightness temperature was compared with concurrent tower based measurements. The mean absolute difference (MAD) between the satellite-based brightness temperature estimates and the tower based brightness temperature was 0.98 degreesC for Landsat 7 and 1.47 degreesC for Landsat 5, respectively. Based on these images, the land surface temperature spatial variation and its change with scale are addressed. The scaling properties of the surface temperature are important as they have significant implications for changes in land surface flux estimation between higher-resolution Landsat and regional to global sensors such as MODIS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Room 104,Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fel@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 35 TC 95 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.018 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200010 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Li, F Jackson, TJ Prueger, JH MacPherson, JI Wolde, M AF Kustas, WP Li, F Jackson, TJ Prueger, JH MacPherson, JI Wolde, M TI Effects of remote sensing pixel resolution on modeled energy flux variability of croplands in Iowa SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE remote sensing; energy flux variability; Iowa ID RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; LAND SURFACES; NET-RADIATION; SPARSE CROPS; HETEROGENEITY; TOPOGRAPHY; VARIABLES AB With increased availability of satellite data products used in mapping surface energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET), routine ET monitoring at large scales is becoming more feasible. Daily satellite coverage is available, but an essential model input, surface temperature, is at I km or greater pixel resolution. At such coarse spatial resolutions, the capability to monitor the impact of land cover change and disturbances on ET or to evaluate ET from different crop covers is severely hampered. The effect of sensor resolution on model output for an agricultural region in central Iowa is examined using Landsat data collected during the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). This study was conducted in concert with the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Two images collected during a rapid growth period in soybean and corn crops are used with a two-source (soil + vegetation) energy balance model, which explicitly evaluates soil and vegetation contributions to the radiative temperature and to the net turbulent exchange/surface energy balance. The pixel resolution of the remote sensing inputs are varied from 60 in to 120, 240, and 960 in. Model output at high resolution are first validated with tower and aircraft-based flux measurements to assure reliability of model computations. Histograms of the flux distributions and resulting statistics at the different pixel resolutions are compared and contrasted. Results indicate that when the input resolution is on the order of 1000 in, variation in fluxes, particularly ET, between corn and soybean fields is not feasible. However, results also suggest that thermal sharpening techniques for estimating surface temperature at higher resolutions (similar to 250 in) using the visible/near infrared waveband resolutions could provide enough spatial detail for discriminating ET from individual com and soybean fields. Additional support for this nominal resolution requirement is deduced from a geostatistical analysis of the vegetation index and surface temperature images. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Aerosp Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 40 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200011 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, PC Hatfield, JL Jackson, TJ Akhmedov, B Prueger, J Stern, A AF Doraiswamy, PC Hatfield, JL Jackson, TJ Akhmedov, B Prueger, J Stern, A TI Crop condition and yield simulations using Landsat and MODIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Soil Moisture Experiment Conferernce (SMEX 02) CY JAN, 2003 CL Columbia, MD DE MODIS application; crop yield; soil moisture mapping ID MODEL; CALIBRATION; GROWTH AB Monitoring crop condition and yields at regional scales using imagery from operational satellites remains a challenge because of the problem in scaling local yield simulations to the regional scales. NOAA AVHRR satellite imagery has been traditionally used to monitor vegetation changes that are used indirectly to assess crop condition and yields. Additionally, the I-km spatial resolution of NOAA AVHRR is not adequate for monitoring crops at the field level. Imagery from the new MODIS sensor onboard the NASA Terra satellite offers an excellent opportunity for daily coverage at 250-m resolution, which is adequate to monitor field sizes are larger than 25 ha. A field study was conducted in the predominantly corn and soybean area of Iowa to evaluate the applicability of the 8-day MODIS composite imagery in operational assessment of crop condition and yields. Ground-based canopy reflectance and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were used to calibrate the models. The MODIS data was used in a radiative transfer model to estimate LAI through the season. LAI was integrated into a climate-based crop simulation model to scale from local simulation of crop development and responses to a regional scale. Simulations of corn and soybean yields at a 1.6 X 1.6-km(2) grid scale were comparable to county yields reported by the USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Weekly changes in soil moisture for the top I-m profile were also simulated as part of the crop model as one of the critical parameters influencing crop condition and yields. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pdoraisw@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 17 TC 173 Z9 200 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.017 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UU UT WOS:000224294200012 ER PT J AU Vodkin, LO Khanna, A Shealy, R Clough, SJ Gonzalez, DO Philip, R Zabala, G Thibaud-Nissen, F Sidarous, M Stromvik, MV Shoop, E Schmidt, C Retzel, E Erpelding, J Shoemaker, RC Rodriguez-Huete, AM Polacco, JC Coryell, V Keim, P Gong, G Liu, L Pardinas, J Schweitzer, P AF Vodkin, LO Khanna, A Shealy, R Clough, SJ Gonzalez, DO Philip, R Zabala, G Thibaud-Nissen, F Sidarous, M Stromvik, MV Shoop, E Schmidt, C Retzel, E Erpelding, J Shoemaker, RC Rodriguez-Huete, AM Polacco, JC Coryell, V Keim, P Gong, G Liu, L Pardinas, J Schweitzer, P TI Microarrays for global expression constructed with a low redundancy set of 27,500 sequenced cDNAs representing an array of developmental stages and physiological conditions of the soybean plant SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION; PROTEIN FAMILIES; METAFAM; GENERATION; RESOURCE; GENOMICS; PROGRAM AB Background: Microarrays are an important tool with which to examine coordinated gene expression. Soybean ( Glycine max) is one of the most economically valuable crop species in the world food supply. In order to accelerate both gene discovery as well as hypothesis-driven research in soybean, global expression resources needed to be developed. The applications of microarray for determining patterns of expression in different tissues or during conditional treatments by dual labeling of the mRNAs are unlimited. In addition, discovery of the molecular basis of traits through examination of naturally occurring variation in hundreds of mutant lines could be enhanced by the construction and use of soybean cDNA microarrays. Results: We report the construction and analysis of a low redundancy 'unigene' set of 27,513 clones that represent a variety of soybean cDNA libraries made from a wide array of source tissue and organ systems, developmental stages, and stress or pathogen-challenged plants. The set was assembled from the 5' sequence data of the cDNA clones using cluster analysis programs. The selected clones were then physically reracked and sequenced at the 3' end. In order to increase gene discovery from immature cotyledon libraries that contain abundant mRNAs representing storage protein gene families, we utilized a high density filter normalization approach to preferentially select more weakly expressed cDNAs. All 27,513 cDNA inserts were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products, along with some repetitively spotted control or 'choice' clones, were used to produce three 9,728-element microarrays that have been used to examine tissue specific gene expression and global expression in mutant isolines. Conclusions: Global expression studies will be greatly aided by the availability of the sequence-validated and low redundancy cDNA sets described in this report. These cDNAs and ESTs represent a wide array of developmental stages and physiological conditions of the soybean plant. We also demonstrate that the quality of the data from the soybean cDNA microarrays is sufficiently reliable to examine isogenic lines that differ with respect to a mutant phenotype and thereby to define a small list of candidate genes potentially encoding or modulated by the mutant phenotype. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Computat Genom & Bioinformat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Illinois, Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Epictr, Madison, WI 53713 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Cornell Univ, Biotechnol Resource Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vodkin, LO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM l-vodkin@uiuc.edu; anupama.khanna@epicentre.com; l-vodkin@uiuc.edu; sjclough@uiuc.edu; dogonzal@uiuc.edu; philipreena@yahoo.com; g-zabala@uiuc.edu; fthibaud@tigr.org; sidarous@uiuc.edu; martina.stromvik@mcgill.ca; schoop@macalester.edu; shoop@macalesler.edu; ernest@mail.ahc.umn.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu; PolaccoJ@missouri.edu; PolaccoJ@missouri.edu; Paul.Keim@nau.edu; Paul.Keim@nau.edu; ligong@uiuc.edu; leiliu@uiuc.edu; l-vodkin@uiuc.edu; pas48@cornell.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD SEP 29 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 73 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-5-73 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 868EG UT WOS:000224896300001 PM 15453914 ER PT J AU Martinez, I Barrera, JDC Rodriguez, LL Wertz, GW AF Martinez, I Barrera, JDC Rodriguez, LL Wertz, GW TI Recombinant vesicular stomatitis (Indiana) virus expressing New Jersey and Indiana glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies to each serotype in swine, a natural host SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vesicular stomatitis; recombinant vaccine; VSV glycoprotein; immune response ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CDNA CLONES; G PROTEIN; CATTLE; MICE; INFECTION; VACCINE; TRANSPORT; SEQUENCE AB Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the most common cause of vesicular disease outbreaks in livestock throughout the Western Hemisphere. Two major serotypes. Indiana and New Jersey, cause epidemic disease in pigs, cattle, and horses. We generated recombinant viruses derived from the Indiana serotype genome that were engineered to contain and express: (1) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the Indiana serotype (VSIV-G(I)); (2) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the New Jersey serotype (VSIV-G(NJ)); or (3) two copies of the glycoprotein gene, one from each of the two major VSV serotypes (VSIV-G(NJ)G(I)) [Martinez I, Rodriguez LL, Jimenez C, Pauszek SJ, Wertz GW. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host. I Virol 2003;77(14):8039-47]. These recombinant viruses and a highly pathogenic New Jersey field isolate (VSNJV), from which the G(NJ) gene was derived, were inoculated into swine, a natural host, and the induction of neutralizing antibodies to both serotypes was analyzed. The neutralizing antibody response induced by VSIV-G(I), VSIV-G(NJ) and VSNJV was serotype-specific, according to the glycoprotein expressed. VSIV-G(NJ)G(I) expressed both glycoproteins stably through multiple rounds of replication in swine and induced neutralizing antibodies against both VSV serotypes, with a dominance of the Indiana serotype in the serological response. Pigs immunized with VSIV-G(I) or VSIV-G(NJ) were protected against homologous high dose virus challenge. Pigs inoculated with VSIV-G(NJ)G(I) were protected against challenge with VSIV-G(I) but three of four animals developed lesions after challenge with the highly pathogenic New Jersey field isolate. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM lrodriguez@piadc.ars.usda.gov RI Martinez, Isidoro/J-3032-2012 OI Martinez, Isidoro/0000-0002-9949-9264 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37AI12464] NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 28 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 29-30 BP 4035 EP 4043 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.065 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 857YA UT WOS:000224154700029 PM 15364454 ER PT J AU Bate, LJ Torgersen, TR Wisdom, MJ Garton, EO AF Bate, LJ Torgersen, TR Wisdom, MJ Garton, EO TI Performance of sampling methods to estimate log characteristics for wildlife SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; down wood; fixed-area sampling; line-intersect sampling; logs; log sampling; montana; oregon; planar-intersect sampling; sampling; sampling efficiency; strip-plot method; wildlife logs; wildlife use ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LINE INTERSECT METHOD; PILEATED WOODPECKERS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; FOREST RESIDUE; ECOSYSTEMS; SIMULATION; HABITAT AB Accurate estimation of the characteristics of log resources, or coarse woody debris (CWD), is critical to effective management of wildlife and other forest resources. Despite the importance of logs as wildlife habitat, methods for sampling logs have traditionally focused on silvicultural and fire applications. These applications have emphasized estimates of log volume and weight, but wildlife applications require estimates of percent cover, density, size, and length. Given the diverse number of log variables of interest to wildlife managers, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of common methods of log sampling is essential. Consequently, we evaluated the empirical performance of line-intersect (LIM) and strip-plot (SPM) methods for sampling logs [(greater than or equal to 15 cm large-end diameter (LED); greater than or equal to1 m long)] in forests of Oregon and Montana. In unharvested stands, the precision and efficiency of LIM and SPM were similar for all variables except log density, for which SPM performed better. In harvested stands. precision and efficiency of LIM and SPM varied widely for several estimates. Strip-plot method was more precise and efficient than LIM as an estimator of density and volume for logs greater than or equal to 15 cm LED. Moreover, SPM required less time to sample large logs (greater than or equal to 25 cm LED). Both methods yielded unbiased estimates except for total log length, which LIM underestimated in harvested stands. Importantly, SPM performed better than LIM as a predictor of wildlife use. Our results provide the first empirical validation of these methods, and offer useful context for design of log inventories for research and management. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Bate, LJ (reprint author), 389 LaBrant Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM lisabate@centurytel.net NR 43 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 27 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 1 BP 83 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.021 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MV UT WOS:000224196800007 ER PT J AU Shaw, SR Marsh, PM AF Shaw, SR Marsh, PM TI Two new eastern North American species of the Aleiodes coxalis (Spinola) species-group (Hymenoptera : Braconidae, Rogadinae) reared from Geometridae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; descriptions; new species; Aleiodes; Braconidae ID HERRICH-SCHAEFFER; REVISION AB Two new species in the Aleiodes coxalis species-group are described from eastern North America: Aleiodes itamevorus and Aleiodes maritimus. Both are primary koinobiont parasitoids of Geometridae caterpillars, utilizing hosts from the genera Itame and Semiothisa. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Insect Museum, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Marsh, PM (reprint author), POB 384, N Newton, KS 67117 USA. EM braconid@uwyo.edu; swampy@southwind.net NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 27 PY 2004 IS 656 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 875QA UT WOS:000225435200001 ER PT J AU Akkina, JE Reif, JS Keefe, TJ Bachand, AM AF Akkina, JE Reif, JS Keefe, TJ Bachand, AM TI Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in hispanic women SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; BREAST-CANCER; HUMAN-SERUM; IN-VITRO; CELLS; RESIDUES; FOLLICLE; MEXICO AB A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between exposure to selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane [beta-HCH], oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor) and age at natural menopause in a sample of 219 menopausal women participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1982-1984. Information on age at menopause, reproductive history, demographic variables, and potential confounding variables was collected via interview. Analysis of variance was employed to compare adjusted mean age at natural menopause among women by category of serum OCP level. Serum levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, beta-HCH, and trams-nonachlor were associated with a younger age at menopause. In particular, women with exposure levels in the highest exposure categories (serum p, p'-DDTgreater than or equal to6 ppb, beta-HCH greater than or equal to4 ppb, or trans-nonachlor greater than or equal to2 ppb) had an adjusted mean age at menopause on average 5.7, 3.4, and 5.2 yr earlier, respectively, than women with serum levels of these pesticides below the detection limit. Women with serum p,p'-DDE levels greater than 23.6 ppb (highest quintile) had an adjusted mean age at menopause 1.7 yr earlier than women with serum p,p'-DDE levels less than 5.5 ppb (lowest quintile). However no consistent dose-response effect was apparent across low, medium, and high exposure categories. Interactions were detected for p,p'-DDT in combination with beta-HCH, trans-nonachlor, or oxychlordane, as well as beta-HCH in combination with oxychlordane. C1 USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Akkina, JE (reprint author), USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop E5, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM judy.e.akkina@usda.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 18 BP 1407 EP 1422 DI 10.1080/15287390490483845 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 851WW UT WOS:000223718200001 PM 15371229 ER PT J AU Huq, E Al-Sady, B Hudson, M Kim, CH Apel, M Quail, PH AF Huq, E Al-Sady, B Hudson, M Kim, CH Apel, M Quail, PH TI PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 is a critical bHLH regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; LIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS; PIF3; PROTEIN; PROMOTER; PLANTS AB Photosynthetic organisms must achieve a delicate balance between the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and their capacity to channel that energy into productive photochemical reactions. Release of excess absorbed energy in the cell can cause lethal photooxidative damage. We identified a basic helix-toop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, designated PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1), that negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis. pif1 mutant seedlings accumulate excess free protochlorophyllide when grown in the dark, with consequent lethal bleaching upon exposure to light. PIF1 interacts specifically with the photoactivated conformer of phytochromes A and B, suggesting a signaling pathway by which chlorophyll biosynthetic rates are tightly controlled during the critical initial emergence of seedlings from subterranean darkness into sunlight. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ETH, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quait@nature.berkeley.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008; Kim, Chanhong/G-5506-2012 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 22 TC 212 Z9 243 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5692 BP 1937 EP 1941 DI 10.1126/science.1099728 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 857RM UT WOS:000224136000040 PM 15448264 ER PT J AU De Alba, S Lindstrom, M Schumacher, TE Malo, DD AF De Alba, S Lindstrom, M Schumacher, TE Malo, DD TI Soil landscape evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage: a new conceptual model of soil catena evolution in agricultural landscapes SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE soil redistribution; tillage erosion; water erosion; soil catena; soil spatial variability; pedoturbation; pedology; mollisolls ID EROSION RATES; WATER EROSION; TRANSLOCATION; PATTERNS; MOVEMENT; SLOPE; PREDICTION; LAND AB This paper focuses on analysing tillage as a mechanism for the transformation of soil spatial variability, soil morphology, superficial soil properties and development of soil-landscape relationships in agricultural lands. A new theoretical two-dimensional model of soil catena evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage is presented. Soil profile truncation occurs through loss of soil mass on convexities and in the upper areas of the cultivated hillslopes; while the opposite effect takes place in concavities and the lower areas of the field where the original soil profile becomes buried. At sectors of rectilinear morphology in the hillslope (backslope positions), a null balance of soil translocation takes place, independent of the slope gradient and of the rate of downslope soil translocation. As a result, in those backslope areas, a substitution of soil material in the surface horizon with material coming from upslope areas takes place. This substituted material can produce an inversion of soil horizons in the original soil profile and sometimes, the formation of "false truncated soil". In the Skogstad agricultural field (Cyrus, MN) spatial patterns of soil properties (soil calcium carbonate content) in the surface soil horizons and soil morphology along several slope transects were analyzed. These spatial patterns are compared with those estimated for soil redistribution (areas of erosion and deposition) due to tillage using the Soil Redistribution by Tillage (SORET) model and water erosion using the models Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Universal Soil Loss Equation (Usle2D). Results show that tillage was the predominant process of soil redistribution in the studied agricultural field. Finally, some practical implications of the proposed model of soil landscape modification by tillage are discussed. Nomographs to calculated the intensity of the expansion process of the eroded soil units by tillage are proposed for three different patterns of tillage. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, F CC Geol, Dpto Geodinam, Madrid 28040, Spain. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP De Alba, S (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, F CC Geol, Dpto Geodinam, Ciudad Univ, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM Sdealba@geo.ucm.es NR 41 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD SEP 23 PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1 BP 77 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2003.12.004 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 847KS UT WOS:000223391900005 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Coffin, DR Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP AF Fishman, ML Coffin, DR Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP TI Extrusion of pectin and glycerol with various combinations of orange albedo and starch SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE pectin/albedo; pectin/albedo/starch blends; glycerol plasticization; mechanical; microstructural properties ID LEMON CELL-WALLS; BLENDS; FILMS; EXTRACTION; ALCOHOL) AB Microstructural and mechanical properties of extruded pectin and glycerol films with various combinations of orange albedo and starch were determined by universal mechanical testing (UMT), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A glass transition and a second order transition attributed to the onset of translational motion of the pectin molecules was observed in all films. Observation by OM suggested that extrusion in the presence of dilute HCl was more effective in disintegrating albedo than either water or dilute citric acid. UNIT, DMA and SEM analysis revealed that extruded pectin/albedo/starch/glycerol films provided better mechanical properties than pectin/albedo/glycerol films and were comparable in mechanical properties to extruded pectin/starch/glycerol films. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mfishman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.05.014 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 854DT UT WOS:000223881700005 ER PT J AU Ortiz, A Ortiz, A Vega, FE Posada, F AF Ortiz, A Ortiz, A Vega, FE Posada, F TI Volatile composition of coffee berries at different stages of ripeness and their possible attraction to the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coffea; volatiles; attraction; coffee berry borer; Hypothenemus; broca ID SCOLYTIDAE AB The analysis of volatile emissions of coffee berries in different physiological states of ripeness was performed using dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for Coffea arabica, var. Colombia. The composition of the volatiles emitted by coffee berries is dominated by very high levels of alcohols, mainly ethanol, in all stages of ripeness in comparison with other compounds. Overripe coffee berries have high volatile emissions and show a composition dominated mainly by esters followed by alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes. The lowest level compounds were monoterpenes. 2-Methyl furan was detected in various ripening stages; this compound has not been previously reported as a coffee berry volatile. The presence of ethanol and other alcohols in the volatile composition might explain the effectiveness of using traps with mixed alcohols for detection and capture of coffee berry borers. C1 USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cenicafe, Caldas, Colombia. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5914 EP 5918 DI 10.1021/jf049537c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 854UC UT WOS:000223927900025 PM 15366842 ER PT J AU Argenta, LC Mattheis, JP Fan, XT Finger, FL AF Argenta, LC Mattheis, JP Fan, XT Finger, FL TI Production of volatile compounds by fuji apples following exposure to high CO2 or low O-2 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple maturity; controlled atmosphere storage; diphenylamine; esters; alcohols; aldehydes ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENTS; DELICIOUS APPLES; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIPID-METABOLISM; AVOCADO FRUIT; SHORT-TERM; FLAVOR; OXYGEN; QUALITY AB The emission of volatile compounds by Fuji apples following short- or long-term exposure to high CO2 was studied. The production of ethanol, methyl and ethyl esters, octanal, nonanal, and decanal was enhanced while the production of C-3-C-6 alcohols, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl esters and butanal decreased in fruit exposed to 10 kPa O-2 + 20 kPa CO2 at 20 degreesC for up to 12 days. The impact of high CO2 exposure on volatile production was dependent on fruit maturity at harvest. Apples stored for 8 months in an ultralow O-2-controlled atmosphere (CA) (0.5 kPa O-2 + 0.05 kPa CO2) or high CO2 CA (1.5 kPa O-2 + 3 kPa CO2) at 0.5 degreesC had reduced production of most volatiles, especially butyl and hexyl esters, as compared to fruit stored in air. Two exceptions were ethanol and ethyl acetate for which the production was enhanced by both CA regimes. Treatment with the antioxidant diphenylamine prior to storage prevented most of the high CO2-induced and ultralow O-2-induced changes in volatile production. The results of this study do not indicate that changes in volatile production following the exposure of Fuji apples to high CO2 are causally related to the development of CO2 injury. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5957 EP 5963 DI 10.1021/jf049495s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 854UC UT WOS:000223927900032 PM 15366849 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE TI Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 224th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc DE antibacterial activities; apple juice; essential oils; food safety; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; Salmonella enterica; HPLC ID OREGANO ESSENTIAL OIL; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FRUIT JUICES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HEAT-RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ACID TOLERANCE; ORANGE JUICE; INACTIVATION AB We evaluated 17 plant essential oils and nine oil compounds for antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:147 and Salmonella enterica in apple juices in a bactericidal assay in terms of % of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA(50)). The 10 compounds most active against E. coli (60 min BA(50) range in clear juice, 0.018-0.093%) were carvacrol, oregano oil, geraniol, eugenol, cinnamon leaf oil, citral, clove bud oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon bark oil, and lemon oil. The corresponding compounds against S. enterica (BA(50) range, 0.0044-0.011%) were Melissa oil, carvacrol, oregano oil, terpeineol, geraniol, lemon oil, citral, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and linalool. The activity (i) was greater for S. enterica than for E. coli, (ii) increased with incubation temperature and storage time, and (iii) was not affected by the acidity of the juices. The antibacterial agents could be divided into two classes: fast-acting and slow-acting. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the bactericidal results are related to the composition of the oils. These studies provide information about new ways to protect apple juice and other foods against human pathogens. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 44 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 19 BP 6042 EP 6048 DI 10.1021/jf0495340 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 854UC UT WOS:000223927900044 PM 15366861 ER PT J AU Burgess, SC Young, JR Baaten, BJG Hunt, L Ross, LNJ Parcells, MS Kumar, PM Tregaskes, CA Lee, LF Davison, TF AF Burgess, SC Young, JR Baaten, BJG Hunt, L Ross, LNJ Parcells, MS Kumar, PM Tregaskes, CA Lee, LF Davison, TF TI Marek's disease is a natural model for lymphomas overexpressing Hodgkin's disease antigen (CD30) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; GROWTH; CANCER; LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; ASSOCIATION AB Animal models are essential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Hodgkin's and many diverse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas overexpress the Hodgkin's disease antigen CD30 (CD30(hi)), a tumor necrosis factor receptor II family member. Here we show that chicken Marek's disease (MD) lymphoma cells are also CD30(hi) and are a unique natural model for CD30hi lymphoma. Chicken CD30 resembles an ancestral form, and we identify a previously undescribed potential cytoplasmic signaling domain conserved in chicken, human, and mouse CD30. Our phylogeneic analysis defines a relationship between the structures of human and mouse CD30 and confirms that mouse CD30 represents the ancestral mammalian gene structure. CD30 expression by MD virus (MDV)-transformed lymphocytes correlates with expression of the MDV Meq putative oncogene (a c-Jun homologue) in vivo. The chicken CD30 promoter has 15 predicted high-stringency Meq-binding transcription factor recognition motifs, and Meq enhances transcription from the CD30 promoter in vitro. Plasma proteomics identified a soluble form of CD30. CD30 overexpression is evolutionarily conserved and defines one class of neoplastic transformation events, regardless of etiology. We propose that CD30 is a component of a critical intracellular signaling pathway perturbed in neoplastic transformation. Specific anti-CD30 Igs occurred after infection of genetically MD-resistant chickens with oncogenic MDV, suggesting immunity to CD30 could play a role in MID lymphoma regression. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Burgess, SC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, POB 1600, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM burgess@cvm.msstate.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017661, P20 RR 017661] NR 50 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 38 BP 13879 EP 13884 DI 10.1073/pnas.0305789101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 856UF UT WOS:000224069800034 PM 15356338 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Triplett, BA AF Kim, HJ Triplett, BA TI Characterization of GhRac1 GTPase expressed in developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE cytoskeleton; Gossypium hirsutum; GTPase; Rac; real-time RT-PCR; Rop ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL EXPANSION; ALPHA-TUBULIN; ABSCISIC-ACID; ROP2 GTPASE; TIP GROWTH; PROTEINS; WALL; RAC AB Cytoskeleton assembly plays an important role in determining,cotton fiber cell length and morphology and is developmentally regulated. As in other plant cells, it is not clear how cytoskeletal assembly in fibers is regulated. Recently, several Rac/Rop GTPases in Arabidopsis were shown to regulate isotropic and polar cell growth of root hairs and pollen tubes by controlling assembly of the cytoskeleton. GhRac1, isolated from cottonseeds, is a member of the Rac/Rop GTPase family and is abundantly expressed in rapidly growing cotton tissues. GhRac1 shows the greatest sequence similarity to the group IV subfamily of Arabidopsis Rac/Rop genes. Overexpression of GhRac1 in E. coli led to the production of a functional GTPase as shown by in vitro enzyme activity assay. In contrast to other Rac/Rop GTPases found in cotton fiber, GhRac1 is highly expressed during the elongation stage of fiber development with expression decreasing dramatically when the rate of fiber elongation declines. The association of highest GhRac1 expression during stages of maximal cotton fiber elongation suggests that GhRac1 GTPase may be a potential regulator of fiber elongation by controlling cytoskeletal assembly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM btriplet@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD SEP 17 PY 2004 VL 1679 IS 3 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.06.008 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 855ZQ UT WOS:000224013800002 PM 15358513 ER PT J AU Yao, JB Ren, XN Ireland, JJ Coussens, PM Smith, TPL Smith, GW AF Yao, JB Ren, XN Ireland, JJ Coussens, PM Smith, TPL Smith, GW TI Generation of a bovine oocyte cDNA library and microarray: resources for identification of genes important for follicular development and early embryogenesis SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE cattle; egg; expressed sequence tag; ovary ID SUPPRESSION-SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; AMPHETAMINE-REGULATED TRANSCRIPT; GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-9; DISPLAY-RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; BRAIN; CELL AB The oocyte is a key regulator of ovarian folliculogenesis and early embryonic development. However, the composition of the oocyte transcriptome and identities and functions of key oocyte-specific genes involved in the above processes are relatively unknown. Using a PCR-based cDNA amplification method ( SMART technology), we constructed a bovine oocyte cDNA library. Analysis of 230 expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) from this library identified 102 unique sequences. Although some correspond to housekeeping genes ( e. g., ribosomal protein L15) and some represent genes previously known to be expressed in oocytes and other tissues, most encode for genes whose expression in mammalian oocytes has not been reported previously ( e. g., cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) or genes of unknown function. Sixteen did not show significant sequence similarity to any entries in the GenBank database and were classified as novel. Using over 2,000 unsequenced, randomly selected cDNA clones from the library, we constructed an oocyte microarray and performed experiments to identify genes preferentially expressed in fetal ovary ( an enriched source of oocytes) relative to somatic tissues. Eleven clones were identified by microarray analysis with consistently higher expression in fetal ovaries ( collected from animals at days 210 - 260 of gestation) compared with spleen and liver. DNA sequence analysis of these clones revealed that two correspond to JY-1, a novel bovine oocyte-specific gene. The remaining nine clones represent five identified genes and one additional completely novel gene. Increased abundance of mRNA in fetal ovary for five of the six genes identified was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results demonstrate the potential utility of these unique resources for identification of oocyte-expressed genes potentially important for reproductive function. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Michigan State Univ, Lab Mammalian Reprod Biol & Genom, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Physiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Anim Funct Genom, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Yao, JB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jianbo.yao@mail.wvu.edu NR 44 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD SEP 16 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00123.2004 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 859JQ UT WOS:000224259700009 PM 15375196 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Dierksen, KP Azevedo, MD Stout, R AF Banowetz, GM Dierksen, KP Azevedo, MD Stout, R TI Microplate quantification of plant leaf superoxide dismutases SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; dichanthelium; heat stress; catalase; superoxide dismutase ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY; AUTOXIDATION; TOLERANCE; BUFFERS; STRESS; ACID AB Superoxide dismutases (SODs) catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals in a broad range of organisms, including plants. Quantification of SOD activity in crude plant extracts has been problematic due to the presence of compounds that interfere with the dose-response of the assay. Although strategies exist to partially purify SODs from plant extracts, the requirement for purification limits the rapidity and practical number of assays that can be conducted. In this article, we describe modification of a procedure using o-dianisidine as substrate that permits relatively rapid quantification of SOD activity in crude leaf extracts in a microplate format. The method employs the use of a commercial apparatus that permits lysis of 12 tissue samples at once and the use of Pipes buffer to reduce interference from compounds present in crude leaf extracts. The assay provided a linear response from 1 to 50units of SOD. The utility of the assay was demonstrated using tissue extracts prepared from a group of taxonomically diverse plants. Reaction rates with tissue extracts from two grasses were linear for at least 60min. Tissues of certain species contained interfering compounds, most of which could be removed by ultrafiltration. The presence of plant catalases, peroxidases, and ascorbate in physiological quantities did not interfere with the assay. This approach provides a means to quantify SOD activity in relatively large numbers of plant samples provided that the possibility for the presence of interfering compounds is considered. The presence of interfering compounds in certain plant tissues necessitates caution in interpreting the effects of plant stresses on SOD. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 332 IS 2 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.06.015 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 850II UT WOS:000223604100014 PM 15325300 ER PT J AU Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE AF Millspaugh, JJ Washburn, BE TI Use of fecal glucocorticold metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ACTH challenge; conservation biology; corticosterone; cortisol; feces; fecal glucocorticoids; physiology; noninvasive; stress; stress response; wildlife ID ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWLS; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; BREEDING SONG BIRD; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; STRESS RESPONSES; ADRENAL ACTIVITY; SEASONAL-CHANGES AB Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses are increasingly being used by a variety of scientists (e.g., conservation biologists, animal scientists) to examine glucocorticoid (i.e., stress hormone) secretion in domestic and wild vertebrates. Adrenocortical activity (i.e., stress response) is of interest to conservation biologists because stress can alter animal behavior, reduce resistance to disease, and affect population performance. The noninvasiveness of fecal-based assessments is attractive, particularly when studying endangered species, because samples can often be obtained without disturbing the animal. Despite such advantages, many confounding factors inhibit the utility of this technique in addressing conservation problems. In particular, interpretation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) measures may be confounded by the length of time animals are held in captivity, normal seasonal and daily rhythms, body condition. sample storage and treatment techniques, diet of the animal, assay selection, animal status (i.e., social ranking, reproductive status), sample age and condition, and sample mass. Further complicating interpretation and utility of these measures is the apparent species-specific response to these factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that confound interpretation of FGM measures, summarize research that addresses these issues, and offer an agenda for future research and interpretation. We urge conservation biologists to carefully consider confounding factors and the relationship between FGM secretion and population performance and biological costs when investigating effects of environmental and human-induced disturbances on wildlife. The crisis nature of many decisions in conservation biology often requires decisions from limited data; however, confirmatory results should not be posited when data are incomplete or confounding factors are not understood. Building reliable databases, and research with surrogate species when possible, will aid future efforts and enhance the utility of FGM assays. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Millspaugh, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM millspaughj@niissouri.edu NR 102 TC 222 Z9 226 U1 13 U2 93 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.07.002 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 857AR UT WOS:000224088200001 PM 15364201 ER PT J AU Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Wang, SQ Lewis, GS AF Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Wang, SQ Lewis, GS TI Transcervical artificial insemination in sheep: effects of a new transcervical artificial insemination instrument and traversing the cervix on pregnancy and lambing rates SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial insemination; cervix; sheep ID INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION; EWES; FERTILITY; TRANSPORT; RESPONSES; OXYTOCIN AB Cervical anatomy limits the use of transcervical intrauterine artificial insemination (TC AI) in sheep. We have developed an instrument to cope atraumatically with the cervix; although this instrument has not affected fertilization rate or pregnancy rate through Day 3, the effects on sperm transport and pregnancy after Day 3 are not known. The objective of the present study was to determine whether our TC AI instrument affected sperm transport, pregnancy rates, or lambing rate. In Experiment 1, ewes were assigned to two treatments: TC AI using the new TC AI instrument (n = 10) or AI via laparotomy using a laparoscopic AI instrument (11 = 10). Twenty hours after artificial insemination, the uterine horns and oviducts were recovered and flushed to collect spermatozoa. Sperm transport did not differ (P > 0.05) between the two treatments. In Experiment 2, ewes were assigned to three treatments: TC AI using the new TC AI instrument + sham intrauterine AI via laparotomy (n = 29); sham TC AI + intrauterine AI via laparotomy using a laparoscopic AI instrument (n = 29); and sham TC AI + intrauterine AI via laparotomy using the new TC AI instrument (n = 30). On Day 14 after AI, uteri were collected and flushed to recover blastocysts. Transcervical deposition of semen reduced (P < 0.05) Day 14 pregnancy rate (17.2% versus 61%), but intrauterine deposition of semen using the TC AI instrument via midventral laparotomy increased (P < 0.05) Day 14 pregnancy rate (76.6% versus 44.8%). In Experiment 3, ewes were assigned to two treatments: sham cervical manipulation (n = 40) or cervical manipulation to mimic TC AI (n = 40). Immediately after treatment, each ewe was mated with a ram and watched until the ram mounted and ejaculated into the ewe. Treatment did not affect Day 30 or 50 pregnancy rate (67.5 and 66.2%, respectively), determined ultrasonically, or lambing rate (62.5%). The differences between Days 30 and 50 pregnancy rates and lambing rate were not significant. In Experiment 4, ewes were assigned to two treatments: TC AI (n = 99) or laparoscopic AI (n = 99). Transcervical AI reduced (P < 0.01) Day 30 (TC AI versus laparoscopic AI; 5.0% versus 46.0%) and Day 50 pregnancy rates (4.0% versus 41.0%), determined ultrasonically, and lambing rate (4.0% versus 41.0%). Although the TC AI procedure significantly reduced pregnancy and lambing rates, large numbers of spermatozoa deposited at natural insemination seemed to compensate. Because our TC AI procedure has all but eliminated any visual evidence of trauma, and because the procedure does not seem to affect sperm transport or embryonal survival until Day 3, we speculate that cervical manipulation associated with TC AI may activate pathways that interrupt pregnancy between Days 3 and 14. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM glewis@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 6 BP 990 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.12.031 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906RH UT WOS:000227659400002 PM 15289042 ER PT J AU Levy, JK Miller, LA Crawford, PC Ritchey, JW Ross, MK Fagerstone, KA AF Levy, JK Miller, LA Crawford, PC Ritchey, JW Ross, MK Fagerstone, KA TI GnRH immunocontraception of male cats SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cats; immunocontraception; GnRH; semen; testosterone; testicle ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; BEEF BULLS; BOAR TAINT; MALE PIGS; BEHAVIOR AB The development of nonsurgical contraceptives for cats may facilitate population control of the species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of GnRH for immunocontraception of male cats. Male cats (n = 12) were divided into groups of three and were immunized once with 0 (sham), 50, 200, or 400 mu g synthetic GnRH coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and combined with a mycobacterial adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity. GnRH antibody titer, serum testosterone concentration, and scrotal size were determined monthly. At 6 months, semen was collected by electroejaculation and testes were examined histologically. GnRH antibodies were detected in all cats receiving GnRH vaccine by I month post-treatment and persisted throughout the study. No dose effect of GnRH was observed; titers were not different among cats treated with 50, 200, or 400 mu g GnRH (P = 0.5). Six of nine treated cats were classified as responders based on high GnRH antibody titers (> 32,000). By 3 months post-treatment, responder cats had undetectable testosterone concentrations and testicular atrophy. Nonresponder cats had GnRH titers of 4000-32,000 and testosterone concentrations intermediate between responder and sham-treated cats. At 6 months, total sperm counts were similar for sham-treated cats (3.1 +/- 1.8 x 10(6) sperm) and nonresponder cats (3.4 +/- 1.6 x 10(6) sperm, P = 0.7). Only one of the six responder cats produced sperm, none of which were motile. Combined testicular weights of responder cats (1.3 +/- 0.1 g) were lower than sham-treated controls (5.3 +/- 1.3 g; P = 0.02) and nonresponder cats (2.9 +/- 0.3 g; P = 0.02). Histologic evaluation of the testes revealed that in responder cats, the interstitial cells that were present were pale and shrunken compared to the plump, polyhedral eosinophilic cells in sham-treated cats. GnRH responder cats had marked tubular atrophy with vacuolated Sertoli cells and a paucity of germ cells. Single-dose GnRH treatment resulted in testosterone concentrations and semen quality consistent with immunocastration in a majority of cats treated. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Levy, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM levyj@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00124] NR 32 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.12.025 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 906RH UT WOS:000227659400011 PM 15289051 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA AF Alvarez, R Jones, LP Seal, BS Kapczynski, DR Tripp, RA TI Serological cross-reactivity of members of the Metapneumovirus genus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human metapneumovirus; pneumovirus; avian metapneumovirus; respiratory syncytial virus; antibody ID ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; SUBGROUP-A; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; TURKEYS AB Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the Paramyxovirus family in the Metapneumovirus genus. HMPV was first isolated from young children in The Netherlands with respiratory illness similar to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Epidemiological data indicates that HMPV co-circulates with RSV in the community. Few immunological tools are available to study the virological features of HMPV infection, thus current studies rely on reverse-transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection. In this study, we examine serological cross-reactivity of RSV, HMPV and other Metapneumovirus members, i.e. avian metapneumovirus (AMPV), and show that polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies reactive to a conserved region in AMPV nucleoprotein (N) cross-react with HMPV N protein, but not with RSV N protein by ELISA,Western blot and immunohistochemical assays. In addition, we show that HMPV infection in the lungs of BALB/c mice can be detected using anti-N protein antibody. These reagents provide new tools and methods for investigating HMPV infection, for differentiating HMPV from RSV infection, and may be useful for characterizing potential links between HMPV with other respiratory complications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Room 356, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 105 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.04.019 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 853GI UT WOS:000223814800007 PM 15325082 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Sonn, RJ Franklin, S Wesley, IV AF Hamir, AN Sonn, RJ Franklin, S Wesley, IV TI Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter species associated with intussusception in a raccoon (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COLI; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; BUTZLERI; POULTRY; MAMMALS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 11 PY 2004 VL 155 IS 11 BP 338 EP + PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 860JM UT WOS:000224338500014 PM 15470973 ER PT J AU Beasley, B Schumacher, B Peter, A Dersch, J AF Beasley, Barbara Schumacher, Bruce Peter, Ambrose Dersch, John TI USE OF GIS IN MANAGING FOSSILS ON FEDERAL LANDS, THE USDA FOREST SERVICE FOSSIL YIELD POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION (FYPC) SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beasley, Barbara] USDA Forest Serv, Chadron, NE USA. [Schumacher, Bruce] USDA Forest Serv, Lajunta, CO USA. [Peter, Ambrose] USDA Forest Serv, Delta, CO USA. [Dersch, John] USDA Forest Serv, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 37A EP 37A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800026 ER PT J AU Bilbey, SA Mickelson, D Hall, E Madsen, S Todd, C Kirkland, J AF Bilbey, Sue Ann Mickelson, Debra Hall, Evan Madsen, Scott Todd, Chaunice Kirkland, James TI VERTEBRATE ICHNOFOSSILS FROM THE UPPER JURASSIC STUMP TO MORRISON FORMATIONAL TRANSITION, FLAMING GORGE RESERVOIR, UTAH SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bilbey, Sue Ann; Hall, Evan] Uinta Paleontol Associates Inc, Vernal, UT USA. [Mickelson, Debra] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Madsen, Scott] Dinosaur Natl Monument, Jensen, UT USA. [Todd, Chaunice] USDA Forest Serv, Vernal, UT USA. [Kirkland, James] Utah Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 39A EP 39A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800038 ER PT J AU Jones, R Ambrose, P AF Jones, Ramal Ambrose, Peter TI RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DRY MESA QUARRY OF COLORADO, TO EVALUATE THE AMOUNT AND LOCATION OF SUBSURFACE FOSSIL BONE REMAINING IN THE QUARRY SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ambrose, Peter] US Forest Serv, USDA, Delta, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 77A EP 77A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800243 ER PT J AU Madsen, S Hopwood, R Gray, D AF Madsen, Scott Hopwood, Ronald Gray, Dale TI THE PODROCKER-A KINDER, GENTLER WAY TO FLIP LARGE BLOCKS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Madsen, Scott] Dinosaur Natl Monument, Jensen, UT USA. [Gray, Dale] USFS, Vernal, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 88A EP 88A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800303 ER PT J AU Schumacher, B Liggett, G AF Schumacher, Bruce Liggett, Gregory TI THE DINOSAURS OF PICKET WIRE CANYONLANDS, A GLIMPSE INTO THE MORRISON BASIN OF SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schumacher, Bruce] USDA Forest Serv, La Junta, CO USA. [Liggett, Gregory] Sternberg Museum Nat Hist, Hays, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 110A EP 110A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MT UT WOS:000207130800428 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA TI Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by intraperitoneal and bath immersion administration SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccines; Streptococcus agalactiae; tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI VACCINE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; IMMUNIZATION; DIFFICILE; INFECTION; TURBOT AB We evaluated the effectiveness of a Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for prevention of streptococcal disease. The vaccine was prepared from formalin-killed cells and concentrated extracellular products (greater than 3 kDa) of a single isolate of S. agalactiae (ARS-KU-MU-11B). Intraperitoneal (IP) and bath immersion (BI) vaccine trials were conducted at two temperatures, 32 and 26 degreesC, and mean fish weights, 5 and 30 g. Control tilapia were injected with tryptic soy broth. Thirty gram tilapia vaccinated and challenged by IP injection with 1.5 x 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)/fish of Streptococcus agalacticte at 30 days post-immunization had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 80. Smaller tilapia vaccinated and challenged under similar conditions had an RPS of 25. An RPS of zero was noted in 30 g fish IP vaccinated with Streptococcus iniae and IP challenged with S. agalactiae. The 5 and 30 g tilapia bath immunized with S. agalactiae and IP challenged with 3.6 x 10(5) and 1.7 x 10(6) CFU/fish of S. agalactiae had RPS values of 34. Intraperitoneal administration of the vaccine provided efficacious protection only in the 30 g tilapia regardless of whether the fish were immunized and challenged at 26 or 32 degreesC. Bath immunization of both 5 and 30g tilapia resulted in RPS values that were two times lower than those achieved with IP vaccination. The results of this study suggest that there is a lack of cross-protection of S. iniae bacterins against S. agalactiae challenge. Protection against S. agalactiae infection is, however, provided through vaccination with a S. agalactiae modified bacterin vaccine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 48 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 9 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 27-28 BP 3769 EP 3773 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GL UT WOS:000223815100028 PM 15315858 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Schneider, MJ Darwish, AM Lehotay, SJ Freeman, DW AF Chen, GY Schneider, MJ Darwish, AM Lehotay, SJ Freeman, DW TI Europium-sensitized luminescence determination of oxytetracycline in catfish muscle SO TALANTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Inaugural Conference for the Southern-and-Eastern-Africa-Network-of-Analytical-Chemists (SEANAC) CY JUL 07-10, 2004 CL Gaborone, BOTSWANA SP SO & Eastern Africa Network Analyt Chem DE oxytetracycline; luminescence; europium; time-resolved luminescence; catfish; muscle ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; TETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; FISH; FLUORESCENCE; ANTIBIOTICS; LIVER AB An europium-sensitized time-resolved luminescence (TRL) method was developed to determine oxytetracycline (OTC) in cultivated catfish muscle. Extraction of OTC from fish muscle was performed with pH 4.0 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-McIlvaine buffer and clean up with hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced copolymer solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The eluate was used without further concentration for TRL measurement in pH 9.0 micellar tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) buffer. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACI) was used as surfactant and EDTA as a co-ligand. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 388 and 615 nm, respectively. The linear dynamic range was 0-1000 ng g(-1) (R-2 = 0.9995). The recovery was 92-112% in the fortification range of 50-200 ng g(-1) and the limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 3 to 7 ng g(-1). Incurred catfish samples were used to demonstrate the performance of the method around 100 ng g(-1), the European Union maximum residue level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Aquaculture Res Ctr, D-72160 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gchen@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 1 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.02.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 849WT UT WOS:000223572900037 PM 18969596 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR Balachandran, A Zhuang, D O'Rourke, KI AF Spraker, TR Balachandran, A Zhuang, D O'Rourke, KI TI Variable patterns of distribution of Prp(CWD) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP SCRAPIE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; TONSILLAR BIOPSY AB Sections of medulla oblongata, taken at the level of the obex, palatine tonsil and medial retropharyngeal lymph node from 10,269 captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), were examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody for the prion protein associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, chronic wasting disease (Prp(CWD)). The protein was detected in 226 of them. on the basis of the anatomical location of the deposits in the brainstem of 183 elk, four distinct patterns of distribution of PrPCWD within the parasympathetic region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the adjacent nuclei were observed. Mild gross lesions of chronic wasting disease (serous atrophy of fat) were observed in only three elk, all with spongiform degeneration; the other elk were considered to be in the preclinical stage of the disease. in contrast with the relatively predictable distribution of prion protein (PrP) in the brain and cranial nodes of sheep and mule deer, the distribution of PrpCWD in the brain and nodes of the elk was more variable and unrelated to their PrP genotype. One hundred and fifty-five of the 226 positive elk had deposits of PrpCWD in the brainstem and lymphoid tissues, 43 had deposits only in the lymphoid tissue and 28 had deposits only in the brainstem. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON, Canada. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ABDF, Pullman, WA USA. NR 49 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD SEP 4 PY 2004 VL 155 IS 10 BP 295 EP 302 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 854YX UT WOS:000223941000010 PM 15478500 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Tang, M Lager, KM AF Wesley, RD Tang, M Lager, KM TI Protection of weaned pigs by vaccination with human adenovirus 5 recombinant viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein of H3N2 swine influenza virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE recombinant adenovirus vaccines; swine influenza virus; subtype H3N2 ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; VECTORED VACCINES; UNITED-STATES; DNA VACCINE; A VIRUS; CHALLENGE; PSEUDORABIES; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; INJECTION AB Swine influenza virus (SIV), subtype H3N2, is a recent reassortant virus that emerged in 1998 in North American swine causing severe respiratory and reproductive disease. In this study, two replication-defective adenovirus recombinants were developed as potential vaccines against H3N2 influenza viruses. Three groups of 3-week-old pigs (10 pigs per group) were vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) with the recombinants; one group was vaccinated with the recombinant adenovirus expressing the influenza virus H3 hemagglutinin (HA) protein, one group was vaccinated with the recombinant adenovirus expressing the nucleoprotein (NP), and one group was vaccinated with both recombinants in a mixture. Two additional control groups (10 pigs per group) were included in the animal trial. One control group was challenged with a virulent H3N2 field strain and one control group remained unchallenged. The results showed that pigs in the groups given the recombinant adenovirus expressing HA alone and HA plus NP developed high levels of virus-specific hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody by 4 weeks post vaccination. Pigs in the group vaccinated with both recombinant viruses in a mixture were completely protected. Complete protection was shown by the lack of nasal shedding of virus following challenge and by the lack of lung lesions at I week following the challenge infection. Thus, replication-incompetent adenovirus vaccines given simultaneously to pigs are efficacious for SIV and have the additional advantage over commercial vaccines that suckling piglets have no pre-existing maternally-derived antibody to block early life vaccination. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 72 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3427 EP 3434 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.040 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900029 PM 15308368 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Olcott, DD Olcott, BM Terrill, T AF Burke, JM Miller, JE Olcott, DD Olcott, BM Terrill, T TI Effect of copper oxide wire particles dosage and feed supplement level on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper oxide; nematode; nutrition; sheep ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; PARASITE INTERACTION; SHEEP; EFFICACY; NEEDLES; NUTRITION; IVERMECTIN; LEVAMISOLE; LOUISIANA AB The objective of the experiment was to determine the optimal dose of copper oxide wire particles (COWPs) to reduce infection of Haemonchus contortus in male lambs. Five to six-month-old hair breed lambs were housed on concrete and fed 450 (L; n = 25) or 675 g (H; n = 25) corn/soybean meal supplement and bermudagrass hay. In July, lambs were inoculated with 10,000 L-3 larvae (97% H. contortus; Day 0). Lambs were administered 0, 2,4, or 6 g COWP on Day 28. Concentrations of copper in the liver were determined. There were no effects of supplement level on concentrations of copper in the liver and a linear relationship existed between COWP treatment and concentrations of copper in liver (P < 0.001). Least squares means of the 0, 2, 4, 6 g COWP treatments were 62.2, 135.7, 161.1, and 208.4 ppm (P < 0.001). Between Days 0 and 28, PCV declined and by Day 42, PCV of all COWP-treated lambs was markedly higher than control lambs and remained higher (COWP x day, P < 0.05). By Day 21, PCV was greater in the H compared with the L group of lambs (P < 0.001). Within 14 days of COWP treatment FEC declined from more than 8000 eggs/g (epg) to less than 250 epg in all COWP-treated lambs (COWP x day, P < 0.001). The numbers of H. contortus in the abomasum were greatly reduced in all COWP-treated groups of lambs and remaining nematodes were predominantly males. FEC were greater in L versus H supplemented lambs and values decreased to a greater extent in H lambs when treated with COWP (supplement x COWP; P < 0.02). The 2 g COWP was effective in alleviating H. contortus infection and reducing number of egg-laying nematodes in the abomasum with the lowest concentration of copper in the liver of the COWP treatment groups. PCV values were more favorable for lambs fed the higher level of supplement, especially when FEC were greater than 8000 epg. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, ARS, Coll Agr, Home Econ & Allies Programs, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 2 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.06.009 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853BZ UT WOS:000223802500010 PM 15325049 ER PT J AU Almeria, S Calvete, C Pages, A Gauss, C Dubey, JP AF Almeria, S Calvete, C Pages, A Gauss, C Dubey, JP TI Factors affecting the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; wild rabbits; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Spain; modified agglutination test ID FATAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; MAMMALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPECIFICITY; MYXOMATOSIS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ECOLOGY; OOCYSTS; LYNX AB Sera from 456 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected between 1992 and 2003 from five geographical regions of Spain were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 65 (14.2%) wild rabbits. Prevalence of infection was significantly higher in samples collected from wild rabbits from Catalonia, northeast Spain (53.8%), where rabbits lived in forest, compared to other areas (Huelva and Cadiz, Andalucia, south Spain; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain; and Zaragoza, Aragon, northeast Spain) with more dry conditions, where prevalence ranged from 6.1 to 14.6%. No differences were observed on prevalence and age (young animals <7 months of age compared to older animals), sex, date of samples collection or season of samples collection. The results indicate that prevalence of T gondii in some areas of Spain is high, and this finding could have environmental and/or public health implications if wild rabbits are to be used as a source of food. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Anat & Anim Hlth Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real, Spain. Labs Hypra SA, Girona, Spain. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anin & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Almeria, S (reprint author), Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Anat & Anim Hlth Dept, Sch Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM sonia.almeria@uab.es RI Calvete, Carlos/D-2038-2010; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Calvete, Carlos/0000-0001-5028-947X NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 2 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.204.06.010 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853BZ UT WOS:000223802500013 PM 15325052 ER PT J AU Canon-Franco, WA Yai, LEO Souza, SLP Santos, LC Farias, NAR Ruas, J Rossi, FW Gomes, AAB Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF Canon-Franco, WA Yai, LEO Souza, SLP Santos, LC Farias, NAR Ruas, J Rossi, FW Gomes, AAB Dubey, JP Gennari, SM TI Detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in two species of wild canids, Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous from Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; wild canids; Cerdocyon thous; Lycalopex gymnocercus; Dusicyon vetulus; antibodies; Brazil ID DEFINITIVE HOSTS; INFECTION; DOGS AB Domestic dog (Canis domesticus) and the coyote (Canis latrans) are the only known definitive hosts for the protozoan Neospora caninum that causes abortion in dairy cattle. In the present study, antibodies to N. caninum were sought in three species of wild canids, Cerdocyon thous, Lycalopex gymnocercus and Dusicyon vetulus from Brazil. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the Neospora agglutination test (NAT). N. caninum antibodies were found in five of 12 L. gymnocercus with IFAT titers of 1:50 in three, 1:100 in one, and 1: 1600 in one, and NAT titers of 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, and 1:640 in five animals. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in four of 15 C thous with IFAT titers of 1:50 in one, and 1: 100 in three, and NAT titer of 1:40 in one animal. All 30 D. ventulus were seronegative by IFAT and NAT. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Itaipu Binacl, Foz Do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil. Municipio Sao Paulo, Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Municipio Sao Paulo, Div Tecn Med Vet, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Municipio Sao Paulo, Manejo Fauna Silvestre Prefeitura, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Paraiba, Ctr Saude & Tecnol Rural, Dept Vet Prevent Med, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gennari, SM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Avenida Prof Orlando Marques Paiva 87,Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM sgennari@usp.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; canon-franco, william alberto/0000-0001-5360-1617 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 2 PY 2004 VL 123 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.06.004 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 853BZ UT WOS:000223802500015 PM 15325054 ER PT J AU Helms, JD AF Helms, JD TI Wayne David Rasmussen - A memorial (February 5,1915 center dot April 30,2004) SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Helms, JD (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1525/ah.2004.78.4.497 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 863VM UT WOS:000224591500007 ER PT J AU McKinion, JM Turner, SB Willers, JL Read, JJ Jenkins, JN McDade, J AF McKinion, JM Turner, SB Willers, JL Read, JJ Jenkins, JN McDade, J TI Wireless technology and satellite internet access for high-speed whole farm connectivity in precision agriculture SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE wireless; networking; Internet; precision agriculture; multispectral image AB An analysis of the multispectral image-based precision agriculture technology as used in the US cotton belt was undertaken to identify bottlenecks which limit the delivery and use of this technology. One area in particular was identified: the movement of data and information necessary to implement variable rate applications. Solutions to reduce or eliminate this problem were explored. A new technology called wireless local area networking (or WLAN) was explored. A test farm was selected, a system was designed and implemented, and the resulting implementation was successfully tested. The system wirelessly connected cotton pickers, spray equipment, variable rate fertilized application equipment, and hand-held personal digital assistant computers in the field, allowing for rapid bi-directional movement of data and information. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, GAPARU, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Netstar Commun Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. RP McKinion, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, GAPARU, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mckinion@ra.msstate.edu NR 6 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 81 IS 3 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2003.11.002 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 845KF UT WOS:000223240600002 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J AF Dwyer, J TI Nutrition and cardiovascular disease prevention in children and adolescents - Part 1: diet related cardiovascular disease risk factors SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article AB Nutrition is important in cardiovascular disease prevention in children and adolescents. Part 1 briefly reviews diet related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that are often present in childhood and adolescence. These include high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)s in blood, hypertension, a family history of premature heart disease, and cigarette smoking. Serum lipid levels, blood pressure and body weight can be altered by dietary means. Standards for screening and assessment are now available from expert groups, and these are discussed. Part 2 discusses nutritional measures that are recommended by expert groups to reduce diet-related CVD risks in children and adolescents. C1 NIH, Office Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), NIH, Office Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01,MSC 7517, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 5 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 880IK UT WOS:000225782000013 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Devine, TE Mosjidis, JA Bellinder, RR Beste, CE AF Teasdale, JR Devine, TE Mosjidis, JA Bellinder, RR Beste, CE TI Growth and development of hairy vetch cultivars in the northeastern united states as influenced by planting and harvesting date SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE CORN PRODUCTION; 3 SOIL TEMPERATURES; COVER CROPS; LEGUMES; GERMINATION; WATER AB Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a winter annual legume that has become an important cover crop for sustainable production systems. New cultivars of hairy vetch, developed in the southern United States, need to be tested as cover crops in the northeastern states. Research was conducted at three locations (Salisbury, MD; Beltsville, MD; and Freeville, NY) that represent a range from a relatively mild coastal climate to a colder interior climate. Four cultivars of hairy vetch (common and three cultivars developed at Auburn University, AU Early Cover, Advanced Population 8, and Advanced Population 26) were planted at either optimum or delayed dates, and biomass was harvested when either vegetative or flowering. Common hairy vetch biomass was equal to or higher than the Auburn cultivars at all locations and years. The Auburn cultivars were winter hardy under Maryland but not under New York conditions. The Auburn cultivars reached 50% flowering an average of 15 d earlier than common hairy vetch. Delaying planting by 2 to 3 wk reduced hairy vetch biomass by 43% when harvested vegetative and by 20% when harvested at flowering. Hairy vetch growth and development could be predicted on the basis of growing degree days (GDD) with a base temperature of 4 degreesC. The biomass of common hairy vetch increased linearly by 41 g m(-1) for every 100 GDD, and there was no significant difference in the slope of biomass gain between cultivars. Results suggest that the Auburn cultivars are an alternative for Maryland growers desiring a legume cover crop that flowers earlier than common hairy vetch but that delayed planting may compromise adequate winter ground cover and spring biomass regardless of cultivar. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM teasdale@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1271 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800007 ER PT J AU Delate, K Cambardella, CA AF Delate, K Cambardella, CA TI Agroecosystem performance during transition to certified organic grain production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; RYE SECALE-CEREALE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FARMING SYSTEMS; LOW-INPUT; COVER CROP; ON-FARM; NITROGEN; SOIL; CORN AB The 2002 U.S. Farm Bill offers incentives to support the transition from conventional to certified organic production. Research-based recommendations must be developed for suitable crop rotations that provide high yields, grain quality, and adequate soil fertility during the transition. We compared replicated conventional and organic systems, using identical crop varieties, during the 3-yr transition period and the fourth year following a full rotation of organic corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-oat (Avena sativa L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to determine which rotation was associated with the lowest risk during transition. Organic feed corn yields at the Neely-Kinyon long-term agroecological research (LTAR) site in Greenfield, IA, were equivalent to conventional yields in the transition years, and in the fourth year, the organic corn yield of 8.1 Mg ha(-1) in the longest rotation was greater than the conventional corn yield of 7.1 Mg ha(-1) in the conventional corn-soybean rotation. Organic and conventional soybean yields were similar in the 3 yr of transition. Organic soybean yield of 3.0 Mg ha(-1) exceeded the conventional yield of 2.7 Mg ha(-1) in the fourth year of organic production. Pre- and postharvest soil fertility values were responsive to manure application, but few differences between systems were observed. Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between the organic and conventional systems each year, but the impact on yield was considered negligible. Corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and bean leaf beetle (Ceratoma trifurcata) populations were similar between systems, with no effect on yield. We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic, and additional economic benefits can be derived from expanded crop rotations. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Delate, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kdelate@iastate.edu NR 64 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1298 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800010 ER PT J AU Clark, JT Russell, JR Karlen, DL Singleton, PL Busby, WD Peterson, BC AF Clark, JT Russell, JR Karlen, DL Singleton, PL Busby, WD Peterson, BC TI Soil surface property and soybean yield response to corn stover grazing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLLIC OCHRAQUALF; NORTHWEST OHIO; BULK-DENSITY; AXLE LOAD; COMPACTION AB Farmer concern that compaction and/or surface roughness caused by winter grazing of corn (Zea mays L.) crop residues may reduce subsequent soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield prompted this 3-yr, on-farm study near Atlantic, IA. Two 19-ha fields with Marshall silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls), Minden silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls), Corley silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls), and Colo silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls) soils managed in a corn-soybean rotation were chisel-plowed and split into four replicate blocks of six paddocks. Five paddocks within each block were grazed in consecutive 4-wk intervals at a stocking rate of 3.7 cows ha(-1) while the sixth provided a nongrazed control. Following each grazing season, two blocks were disked, and two received no-tillage before soybean planting. Soil bulk density, aggregate stability, moisture content, penetration resistance, surface roughness, residue cover, soybean plant population, and yield were evaluated for each grazing by tillage treatment. Soil bulk density was not affected, but penetration resistance to a depth of 10 cm increased in paddocks grazed in October and November. Cattle grazing had no effect on subsequent soybean plant population, but yield decreased with increased soil penetration resistance (r(2) = 0.36). As the proportion of time soil temperature was below 0degreesC during the grazing period increased, soybean yield increased (r(2) = 0.72). Effects of grazing corn crop residues on subsequent soybean yield will be minimal if grazing is restricted to periods when soils are frozen or if the soil is disked before soybean planting. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, SW Area Cent, Lewis, IA 51544 USA. USDA NRCS, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. RP Russell, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dep Anim Sci, Rm 337 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jrussell@iastate.edu NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1371 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800019 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Meek, DW AF Singer, JW Meek, DW TI Repeated biomass removal affects soybean resource utilization and yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEFOLIATION; INDETERMINATE; CULTIVARS; INJURY AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers in many regions of the USA are confronted with significant yield losses because of crop damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our objectives were to quantify soybean resource utilization and yield responses to variety, row spacing, and simulated repeated biomass removal. Field research was conducted in 2000 and 2001 on a Quakertown silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) near Pittstown, NJ. Biomass removal during early vegetative and vegetative/reproductive growth extended the soil wetness duration index on average by 1.5 and 2.9 d compared with the control from the 0- to 30- and 30- to 60-cm soil depths in 2000 and by 5.1 and 2.1 d in 2001. Biomass removal during early vegetative growth delayed pod maturity up to 7 d compared with the control, but biomass removal during reproductive growth hastened pod maturity by as much as 3 d. Averaged across row spacing and biomass removal, variety 'APK394NRR' yielded 12 and 24% lower than '93B53' in 2000 and 2001. In 2000, averaged across variety and biomass removal, the 20- and 41-cm row widths yielded 19 and 16% less than the 76-cm row width. Averaged across variety and row spacing, all biomass removal treatments lowered yield compared with the control except the midvegetative/early reproductive treatment in 2001 (661 vs. 663 g m(-2)). The greatest yield reductions occurred (up to 89%) when biomass was removed repeatedly during vegetative and reproductive growth. Management implications for soybean producers include variety selection and row spacing to diminish the effects of deer damage. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1382 EP 1389 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800021 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR Stuedemann, JA TI Bermudagrass management in the Southern Piedmont USA: VIII. Soil pH and nutrient cations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; NEW-ZEALAND; PHOSPHORUS AB Forage utilization could affect soil nutrient dynamics and depth distribution, potentially changing long-term productivity and environmental quality. The effect of forage utilization on nutrient cycling might also be altered depending upon the source and quantity of nutrients applied. We evaluated changes in soil pH and extractable-soil nutrient cations during the first 5 yr of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management varying in fertilization (three different sources targeted to supply 200 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and forage utilization (four levels). Chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler litter (5.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) was a significant source of nutrient cations in addition to N and P and therefore, at the end of 5 yr, resulted in extractable-soil concentrations (0- to 15-cm depth) that were 1.5 +/- 0.1 times greater for K, 1.6 +/- 0.2 times greater for Mn, 4.3 +/- 2.2 times greater for Zn, and 7.5 +/- 0.8 times greater for Cu than under inorganic and clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) + inorganic fertilization regimes. The increases in extractable-soil K, Zn, Mn, and Cu concentrations with broiler litter, however, were only 13 +/- 42% of nutrients applied. Removal of forage as hay resulted in significant declines in extractable-soil K and Mg under all fertilization regimes and in extractable-soil Ca and Mn with inorganic and clover + inorganic fertilization. Cattle (Bos taurus) grazing resulted in greater nutrient cycling within the paddock domain, and the more diverse and higher quantity of several nutrient cations applied with broiler litter either prevented a decline or contributed to an increase in concentrations with time. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resour Conserv Cent, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resour Conserv Cent, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1390 EP 1399 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800022 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR Stuedemann, JA TI Bermudagrass management in the Southern Piedmont USA: X. Coastal productivity and persistence in response to fertilization and defoliation regimes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYNODON-DACTYLON L; HARVEST FREQUENCY; POULTRY LITTER; NITROGEN; YIELD; SOIL; QUALITY; FORAGE; PHOSPHORUS; CLOVER AB Productivity, quality, and persistence of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures are affected by fertilization, but possible interactions with defoliation regime including animal grazing are not fully known. We evaluated three sources of fertilization with equivalent N rates [inorganic, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop plus inorganic, and chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler litter] factorially arranged with four defoliation regimes [unharvested, cattle (Bos taurus) grazing to maintain high (4.5 +/- 1.6 Mg ha(-1)) and low (2.5 +/- 1.1 Mg ha(-1)) forage mass, and bayed monthly] on estimated forage dry matter production, forage and surface residue C/N ratio, and ground cover of pastures on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia during 5 yr. Mean annual forage dry matter production was 7.5 +/- 0.7 Mg ha-1 with hay harvest but declined (1.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) significantly with time as a result of lower precipitation. With grazing, estimated production was 8.3 +/- 1.0 Mg ha(-1) and did not change with time, suggesting that grazing cattle sustained forage productivity by recycling nutrients and creating better surface soil conditions. Coastal bermudagrass as a percentage of ground cover (initially 81%) declined 5 +/- 2% yr(-1) with unharvested and grazing to maintain low forage mass, declined 3 +/- 1% yr(-1) with haying, and remained unchanged (-1 +/- 1% yr(-1)) with grazing to maintain high forage mass. Pastures with high forage mass were more productive than with low forage mass (9.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.1 Mg ha(-1)) from a forage sustainability perspective, primarily by avoiding encroachment of undesirable plant species. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@uga.edu NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1400 EP 1411 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800023 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Mangum, RW Radhakrishnan, J Cavigelli, MA AF Teasdale, JR Mangum, RW Radhakrishnan, J Cavigelli, MA TI Weed seedbank dynamics in three organic farming crop rotations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; COVER CROP; TILLAGE; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; CORN; CONVERSION; RESPONSES; DENSITIES; BANK AB Weed management is a primary concern of organic farmers. Crop rotation is an important potential management approach for regulating weed seed populations in the soil of organic farming systems. This research was conducted to determine the effect of three organic crop rotations on the weed seedbank during the first 6 yr of a long-term cropping systems experiment at Beltsville, MD. The rotations consisted of (i) a 2-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, (ii) a 3-yr corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation, and (iii) a 4-yr corn-soybean-wheat-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)/orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) hay rotation. Weed seed populations were determined by a greenhouse emergence assay using soil samples taken in the early spring of each year. The seedbanks of smooth pigweed (Amaranthushybridus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) preceding corn were usually lower following the hay years of the 4-yr rotation or the wheat year of the 3-yr rotation than following the soybean year of the 2-yr rotation. However, annual grass seedbanks preceding corn tended to be higher following the hay years of the 4-yr rotation than following the wheat year of the 3-yr rotation or the soybean year of the 2-yr rotation. Seedbanks in the 3- and 4-yr rotations were similar to those of the 2-yr corn-soybean rotation (higher smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters and lower annual grass) when these longer rotations began with a corn-soybean sequence than with other sequences. Sequences beginning with hay had lower smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters seedbank populations than all other sequences. The seedbank in spring significantly predicted weed abundance at maturity in corn in at least 2 of 4 yr for all species. Results show that longer rotations with more phenologically diverse crops can reduce seedbank populations and abundance of important annual broadleaf weed species in organic production systems. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 245, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM teasdale@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1429 EP 1435 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800026 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Gesch, RW AF Sharratt, BS Gesch, RW TI Water use and root length density of Cuphea spp. influenced by row spacing and sowing date SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROPPING SEQUENCE; GREAT-PLAINS; FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH; YIELD; POPULATION; OILSEED; CROPS AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolata E silenoides W.T. Aiton) is a potential new crop, but little is known concerning best agricultural management practices for this crop in temperate regions. A field study was initiated in Minnesota to determine the impact of sowing date and row spacing on soil water use and rooting characteristics of Cuphea spp. Cuphea spp. were sown on 4, 18, and 30 May 2001 and 30 April, 14 May, and 28 May 2002 in rows 200, 400, and 600 mm apart. Aboveground biomass, seed yield, and water use were bolstered by sowing Cuphea spp. in late April or early May rather than in late May. Water use for early sown and late-sown Cuphea spp. was respectively 366 and 311 mm. Sowing date also influenced water use efficiency (WUE) but only in 2002 when WUE of early sown and late-sown Cuphea spp. was respectively 1.87 and 1.64 kg ha(-1) mm(-1). Sowing earlier in the spring also bolstered root growth as root length density in the upper 0.2 m of the soil profile was 24 km m(-3) for the early sowing and 17 km m(-3) for the late sowing. Row spacing did not affect seed yield, water use, or root length. This study indicates that biomass, seed yield, water use, and root growth of Cuphea spp. are favored by sowing early in the spring. Although early sowing resulted in greater water use, a tendency existed for Cuphea spp. to utilize water more efficiently in seed production when sown earlier in the spring. C1 USDA ARS, Land Manage & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Land Manage & Water Conserv Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1475 EP 1480 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800033 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G AF Whittaker, G TI Use of a beowulf cluster for estimation of risk using swat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Estimation of uncertainty using agronomic models typically requires a Monte Carlo study with a large number of simulations. Parallel computation dramatically speeds repetitive computation of this sort. The use of a Beowulf cluster parallel computer offers a low cost method of parallel computing that is fairly simple to construct, but application information is specialized, with little concerning agronomic model simulation. The objective in this note is to present a method of simulation using an agronomic model on a Beowulf cluster. To facilitate the analysis of uncertainty, the method performs the simulations within the R statistical computing environment. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was run for 1200 annual simulations on varying numbers of processors for speed comparisons. The cluster achieved close to the theoretical speed increase as the simulation results were stored in an R object. Two examples of nonparametric estimation of uncertainty are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whittaker, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM whittakg@onid.orst.edu NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1497 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 856IB UT WOS:000224037800035 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ Richards, CL Gonzales, E Cousins, JE Hamrick, JL AF Franks, SJ Richards, CL Gonzales, E Cousins, JE Hamrick, JL TI Multi-scale genetic analysis of Uniola paniculata (Poaceae): A coastal species with a linear, fragmented distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; clonal structure; coastal plants; gene flow; population genetics; sea oats; southeastern United States; Uniola paniculata ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; CLONAL DIVERSITY; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; NORTH-CAROLINA; DUNE ANNUALS; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; PLANT; FACILITATION; GERMINATION AB Geographic and fine-scale population genetic structures of Uniola paniculata, the dominant coastal dune grass in the southeastern USA, were examined. The linear, naturally fragmented distribution of this native perennial was hypothesized to lead to high genetic structure and lower genetic diversity at the margin of the species range. The extensive ramet production and low seed germination of this species were also expected to cause populations to be dominated by a few large clones. At 20 sites throughout the range of the species, leaf tissue was collected from 48 individuals. Clonal structure was examined using leaf tissue collected from an additional 60 individuals, each in four patches at two sites. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to resolve 27 allozyme loci. The results indicated that Uniola had greater genetic structure (G(ST) = 0.304) than most other outcrossing species, indicating moderate barriers to gene flow. There was a weak but significant positive relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance, supporting an isolation-by-distance model of gene flow. There were no obvious disjunctions between regions. Genetic diversity (H-e) was relatively uniform throughout most of the range of the species but was lower in all western Gulf of Mexico populations. Clonal diversity varied both within and among sites, but clones were often small, suggesting that sexual reproduction and recruitment from seeds are important factors maintaining genetic diversity. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfranks@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christina/C-6455-2008 OI Richards, Christina/0000-0001-7848-5165 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1345 EP 1351 DI 10.3732/ajb.91.9.1345 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 861NJ UT WOS:000224423200008 PM 21652367 ER PT J AU Hyun, TH Barrett-Connor, E Milne, DB AF Hyun, TH Barrett-Connor, E Milne, DB TI Zinc intakes and plasma concentrations in men with osteoporosis: the Rancho Bernardo Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc intake; plasma zinc; osteoporosis; bone mineral density; men ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; MICRONUTRIENT STATUS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; TRACE MINERALS; ELDERLY PEOPLE; DIETARY-INTAKE; SERUM; COPPER AB Background: Low zinc intakes and reduced blood zinc concentrations have been reported to be associated with osteoporosis in women. Objective: The objective was to examine the independent association between dietary zinc and plasma zinc and the association of each with bone mineral density (BMD) and 4-y bone loss in community-dwelling older men. Design: Of the original Rancho Bernardo Study subjects, 396 men (age: 45-92 y) completed BMD measurements at baseline in 1988 1992 and 4 y later. Osteoporosis was defined as a BMD greater than or equal to 2.5 SDs below the mean for young women (a T-score less than or equal to -2.5). At baseline, dietary intake data were collected by using a standard food-frequency questionnaire, and plasma zinc concentrations were measured by using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Results: The mean dietary zinc intake was 11.2 mg, and the mean plasma zinc concentration was 12.7 mumol/L. Plasma zinc was correlated with total zinc intake (diet plus supplements). Dietary zinc intake and plasma zinc concentrations were lower in men with osteoporosis at the hip and spine than in men without osteoporosis at those locations. BMDs for the hip, spine, and distal wrist were significantly lower in men in the lowest plasma zinc quartile (<11.3 mumol/L) than in men with higher plasma zinc concentrations. The association between plasma zinc and BMD was cross-sectional, longitudinal, and independent of age or body mass index. However, plasma zinc did not predict bone loss during the 4-y interval. Conclusion: Dietary zinc intake and plasma zinc each have a positive association with BMD in men. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Barrett-Connor, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ebarrettconnor@ucsd.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 07181]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 31801] NR 48 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 715 EP 721 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849SR UT WOS:000223561500025 PM 15321813 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dietrich, T Orav, EJ Hu, FB Zhang, YQ Karlson, EW Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dietrich, T Orav, EJ Hu, FB Zhang, YQ Karlson, EW Dawson-Hughes, B TI Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged >= 60 y SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; lower-extremity function; elderly; community-dwelling adults ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ELDERLY-WOMEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; SUBSEQUENT DISABILITY; MAJOR METABOLITES; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB Background: Vitamin D may improve muscle strength through a highly specific nuclear receptor in muscle tissue. Objectives: We investigated whether there is an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower-extremity function in ambulatory older persons, whether that association differs by activity level, and, if so, whether there is an identifiable threshold in the association. Design: The study was a population-based survey of the ambulatory US population aged 60 to greater than or equal to90 y (n = 4100). Lower-extremity function according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations was assessed by linear regression analyses and regression plots after control for activity level (inactive or active) and several other potential confounders. Separate analyses were performed for the timed 8-foot (ie, 2.4 m) walk test and a repeated sit-to-stand test. Results: The 8-foot walk test compared subjects in the lowest and highest quintiles of 25(OH)D; the latter group had an average decrease of 0.27 s [95% CI: -0.44, -0.09 s (or 5.6%); P for trend < 0.001]. The sit-to-stand test compared subjects in the lowest and highest quintiles of 25(OH)D; the latter group had an average decrease of 0.67 s [95% CI: -1.11, -0.23 s (or 3.9%); P for trend = 0.017]. In the 25(OH)D reference range of 22.5-94 nmol/L, most of the improvement occurred in subjects with 25(OH)D concentrations between 22.5 and approximate to40 nmol/L, and further improvement was seen in the range of 40-94 nmol/L. Stratification by activity level showed no significant effect modification. Conclusion: In both active and inactive ambulatory persons aged 60 y, 25(OH)D concentrations between 40 and 94 nmol/L are associated with better musculoskeletal function in the lower extremities than are concentrations < 40 nmol/L. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med,Div Aging, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Med, Robert B Brigham Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Dis Cl, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Rheumatol Immunol & Allergy, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Robert B Brigham Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Dis Cl, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Res & Training Unit, Boston, MA USA. Humboldt Univ, Charite, Dept Periodontol, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Charite, Dept Oral Surg, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Charite, Dept Oral Radiol, Berlin, Germany. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med,Div Aging, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Med, Robert B Brigham Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Dis Cl, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM hbischof@hsph.harvard.edu OI Dietrich, Thomas/0000-0002-2557-7645 NR 41 TC 455 Z9 477 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849SR UT WOS:000223561500030 PM 15321818 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Muller, D Tucker, KL AF Newby, PK Muller, D Tucker, KL TI Associations of empirically derived eating patterns with plasma lipid biomarkers: a comparison of factor and cluster analysis methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary patterns; food patterns; cluster analysis; factor analysis; dietary assessment; cholesterol; triacylglycerols; HDL; LDL ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY PATTERNS; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; FOOD PATTERNS; MEN; WOMEN AB Background: Despite the growing use of patterning methods in nutritional epidemiology, a direct comparison of factor and cluster analysis methods has not been performed. Objective: Our main objective was to compare patterns derived from the cluster and factor analysis procedures with measures of plasma lipids. Design: This cross-sectional study included 459 healthy subjects who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and had measures of diet and plasma lipids. Eating patterns were derived by using both factor and cluster analysis methods. Results: In separate multivariate-adjusted regression models, subjects in the healthy cluster had lower plasma triacylglycerols than did those not in the healthy cluster (beta = -15.97; 95% CI: -29.51, -2.43; P < 0.05), and factor 1 (reduced-fat dairy products, fruit, and fiber) was inversely related to plasma triacylglycerols (beta = -7.02 mg/dL for a one-unit increase in z score; 95% CI: -12.92, -1.12; P < 0.05). Those in the alcohol cluster had higher total cholesterol concentrations than did those not in the alcohol cluster (beta = 12.81; 95% CI: 2.74, 22.88; P < 0.05), and factor 2 (protein and alcohol) was also directly associated with total cholesterol (beta = 1.59 for a one-unit increase in z score; 95% CI: 0.55, 2.63; P < 0.05). The multivariate model containing all of the clusters was not significantly different from the model containing all of the factors in predicting each lipid outcome. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of comparability between cluster and factor analysis methods in relation to plasma lipid biomarkers. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 40 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 80 IS 3 BP 759 EP 767 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 849SR UT WOS:000223561500031 PM 15321819 ER PT J AU Holaskova, I Lewis, GS Elliott, M Blemings, KP Dailey, RA AF Holaskova, I Lewis, GS Elliott, M Blemings, KP Dailey, RA TI Effect of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex on reproductive efficiency in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fever; gram-positive bacteria; immunization; inflammation; mastitis; pregnancy ID EARLY EMBRYO LOSS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; AUTOANTIBODY SECRETION; PREFERENTIAL INDUCTION; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; CELL-WALLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB PROBLEM: Spontaneous mastitis or induced infections mimicking mastitis reduce pregnancy rates in ruminants. The effect of immunization with either a mastitis-related pathogen component, peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS), or killed Streptococcus pyogenes on pregnancy outcome was investigated. METOD OF STUDY: Ewe lambs were immunized with PG-PS (n = 50) or killed bacteria (n = 50) or were not immunized (control, n = 100). Titers of PG-PS immunoglobulin G (IgG) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ewes were bred by rams at synchronized estrus. All immunized ewes and half of the ewes not immunized were challenged with PG-PS on day 5 after breeding. Pregnancy maintenance was evaluated. RESULTS: Although the proportion of ewes pregnant at day 42 after breeding did not differ among treatments, the probability of pregnancy decreased with total dose of PG-PS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunization of ewe lambs with PG-PS or killed S. pyogenes did not improve pregnancy maintenance. Furthermore, the toxic streptococcal component decreased pregnancy rate in immunized sheep in a dose-dependent manner. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Dailey, RA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM rdailey@wvu.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 8755-8920 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00206.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 855DG UT WOS:000223952700003 PM 15373759 ER PT J AU Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Gertz, ER Van Loan, MD Vogel, JS AF Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Gertz, ER Van Loan, MD Vogel, JS TI Protocol for assessing bone health in humans by tracing long-lived Ca-41 isotope in urine, serum, and saliva samples SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESORPTION C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, YM (reprint author), Access Business Grp, 5600 Beach Blvd,POB 5940, Buena Pk, CA 90622 USA. EM yumei.liti@accessbusinessgroup.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-13461] NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 332 IS 1 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2004.05.019 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 845YF UT WOS:000223280700024 PM 15301966 ER PT J AU Sample, GL Blackwell, DM Kubotsu, SL Mirando, MA AF Sample, GL Blackwell, DM Kubotsu, SL Mirando, MA TI Endocrine secretion of prostaglandin F-2 alpha in cyclic gilts is decreased by intrauterine administration of exogenous oxytocin SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endometrium; oxytocin; pregnancy; prostaglandin F-2 alpha; uterus; pig ID PERIFUSED PORCINE ENDOMETRIUM; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE; UTERINE SECRETION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INTERESTROUS INTERVAL; MATERNAL RECOGNITION; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; EXOCRINE SECRETION; INDUCED LUTEOLYSIS AB When administered systemically, oxytocin (OT) stimulates secretion of uterine prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) in swine, but the role of endometrially-derived OT in control of PGF(2alpha) release is not clear. This study determined the effect of exogenous OT, administered into the uterine lumen of intact cyclic gilts, on PGF(2alpha) secretion during late diestrus. Intrauterine infusion of 40 USP units OT (in 30 ml 0.9% saline) was performed for 30 min (1 ml/min) into each uterine horn between 7:00 and 9:00 h on days 10, 12, 14 and 16 after estrus. Beginning 20 min before infusion, samples of jugular venous blood were drawn at 5-10-min intervals for 140 min for quantification of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF(2alpha) (PGFM), the major stable metabolite of PGF(2alpha). Progesterone was analyzed in samples collected 0, 60 and 120 min after initiation of OT infusion. Treatment with OT did not alter plasma concentrations of PGFM on days 10 or 12 but decreased (P < 0.001) PGFM concentrations for 40 min after onset of infusion on day 16. Concentrations of PGFM also were reduced in the pre-treatment samples on day 14 (P = 0.05) and day 16 (P < 0.001) in OT-infused gilts. Plasma progesterone declined (P < 0.01) between days 10 and 16 in control-infused gilts but did not decline until after day 14 (P < 0.001) in gilts infused with OT. These results indicate that when OT is administered into the uterine lumen of pigs during late diestrus, it has an anti-luteolytic effect to reduce endocrine secretion of PGF(2alpha) and delay the decline in progesterone that occurs during luteolysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, Waterfront Ctr 2436, 800 9th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM mmirando@csrees.usda.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.02.006 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 849VP UT WOS:000223569700014 PM 15302381 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JC Box, JB AF Schmidt, JC Box, JB TI Application of a dynamic model to assess controls on age-0 Colorado pikeminnow distribution in the middle Green River, Colorado and Utah SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE Colorado pikeminnow; fluvial geomorphology; Green River; dynamic model; dams ID LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; GRAND-CANYON; HABITAT USE; SQUAWFISH; FLOW; SURVIVAL; RECOVERY; BASIN; DAM AB Analysis of field data and development and application of a dynamic model indicate that the processes that control the number and distribution of age-0 Colorado pikeminnow in the middle Green River are poorly understood. Colorado pikeminnow are a federally endangered species endemic to the Colorado River basin that utilize backwaters during their larval stage. The present agency-mandated field sampling program for backwater habitats may be inadequate because it takes place at a time when the model predicts that most larval fish have drifted beyond the study area. The model predicts that water releases from Flaming Gorge Dam have a large potential effect on larval drift, because high releases at the time of drift greatly increase the proportion of the population transported beyond the study area to unfavorable river environments. Development of the model shows that the role of the geomorphic and hydraulic attributes that control larval drift and transport into backwaters, and that were parameterized in the model, are not well known. Resolution of these uncertainties by field study and experimentation would lead to refining this river management tool. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Schmidt, JC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jack.schmidt@usu.edu; brimbox@comcast.net NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 458 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.00408.x PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA 848LP UT WOS:000223469500003 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Baixeras, J Solorzano, JA Kraus, JE AF Brown, JW Baixeras, J Solorzano, JA Kraus, JE TI Description and life history of an unusual fern-feeding tortricid moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) from Brazil SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE stem galler; Hilarographini; Tortrimosaica polypodivora; Polypodiaceae; Microgramma squamulosa AB Tortrimosaica polypodivora Brown & Baixeras, new genus and new species, is described and illustrated from Sao Paulo, Brazil. We also describe and illustrate the last instar and pupa and provide notes on the life history. Larvae of the new species are gall inducers on the stems of Microgramma squamulosa (Kauf.) Sota (Polypodiaceae), an unusual behavior and host for a tortricid. Although placed provisionally in Hilarographini, tribal and subfamilial assignment of the new genus is extremely problematic owing to a mosaic of morphological characters, suggesting placement in a variety of different higher taxa. The larvae have a bisetose L-group on the prothorax, and the pupa has multiple rows of spines near the anterior edge of the dorsum of abdominal segments 3-8; both of these characters previously have been reported in the Tortricidae only in Thaumatographa (Hilarographini). Although the gall-inducing habit of the new species is not unique within Tortricidae, it is highly unusual within nonolethreutine lineages. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Valencia, Inst Cavanilles Biodiversitat & Biol Evolut, Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bot, Inst Biociencias, BR-05422970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014 OI Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 865 EP 871 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0865:DALHOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100001 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW AF Morrison, LW TI Spatiotemporal variation in antlion (Neuroptera : Myrmeleontidae) density and impacts on ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) and generalized arthropod foraging SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE antlion zone; Formicidae; Myrmeleon crudelis; Myrmeleontidae; predation risk ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; PREDATION RISK; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MORTALITY RISK; ARGENTINE ANT; NATIVE ANTS; LONG-TERM; COMPETITION; BEHAVIOR AB Antlion larvae that construct conical pits to capture prey may strongly affect foraging of ants and other arthropods, yet are usually abundant only in sheltered microhabitats. Larval antlion (Myrmeleon crudelis Walker) densities increased in exposed areas in central Texas in late summer and early autumn of 1998, presumably because of extended dry conditions. I conducted a study to quantify larval antlion pit densities in sheltered and exposed areas over time, and to examine the effect of variation in pit density on the foraging activity of ants and other arthropods. Isolated rainfall events decreased pit densities in exposed areas, sometimes to zero, but pit densities returned to high levels as the soil dried out. Pitfall traps at sheltered sites caught significantly fewer ants and other arthropods inside antlion zones (i.e., areas of high antlion density) than in adjacent areas without antlions. At exposed sites, pitfall traps caught significantly fewer ants in antlion zones when pits were present (dry conditions) than when they were absent (wet conditions); there was no significant difference in foraging outside the antlion zones in wet compared with dry conditions. Significantly fewer ants were caught inside antlion zones at sheltered sites (that were permanent) compared with exposed sites (that were transient), although pit densities were similar at both types of sites. Attraction of ants to baits revealed similar patterns. Spatiotemporal variation in antlion pit densities and the associated predation risk to ants and other arthropods may result in behavioral modifications of foraging patterns, higher mortality rates, or both. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Biol Sci, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Brackenridge Field Lab, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0913:SVIANM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100008 ER PT J AU Eitam, A Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M AF Eitam, A Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M TI Biogeography of braconid parasitoids of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Florida SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE braconidae; distribution; environmental factors; interspecific competition ID ANASTREPHA SPECIES DIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; MELON FLY; HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; INTRODUCED PARASITES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DORSALIS DIPTERA; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; LARVAL-PUPAL AB The geographic distribution of three braconid parasitoids of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), was determined by collecting host fruit throughout central and southern Florida. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was most abundant in southern Florida, occurring at higher latitudes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Distribution of this species was negatively related to variance of monthly temperatures. This suggests that D. longicaudata may be dependent on a relatively constant supply of hosts. Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) was the dominant species at the majority of interior locations, but it was uncommon or absent along both coasts. Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) was widespread but usually less common than the other species. Parasitism levels of both D. areolatus and D. longicaudata were positively related to density of common guava, Psidium guajava L., trees. Parasitism levels of both D. longicaudata and U. anastrephae were positively related to numbers of A. suspensa captured in McPhail traps. Abundance of D. areolatus was inversely related to that of both D. longicaudata and U. anastraphae. The absence of D. areolatus in southeastern Florida, where it was originally established, suggests that a process of competitive displacement may have occurred. Parasitoid distribution is consistent with the hypothesis that D. areolatus is a superior searcher and D. longicaudata is a superior intrinsic competitor. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Gainesville Plant Protect Stn, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM eitam@yahoo.com; jsivinski@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 928 EP 939 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0928:BOBPOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100010 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Schemerhorn, BJ Shukle, RH AF Johnson, AJ Schemerhorn, BJ Shukle, RH TI A first assessment of mitochondrial DNA variation and geographic distribution of haplotypes in hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Mayetiola destructor; mtDNA; intraspecific variation; dispersal; Wolbachia ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; RESISTANCE GENES; POPULATIONS; WOLBACHIA; GENETICS; SEQUENCES; VIRULENCE; BIOTYPES AB Domain III of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene from Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), was sequenced in 21 populations from the United States, two populations from Canada, five populations from the Mediterranean basin, one population from Southwest Asia, and one population from New Zealand. From the total alignment, seven unique mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (haplotypes) were identified. Of the seven 12S haplotypes only three (haplotypes 1, 2, and 3) occurred in populations from North America, indicating these were most likely the introduced haplotypes. Haplotypes were not restricted to any given biotype of M. destructor as defined by virulence to resistance genes in wheat. Thus, neutral markers did not show structure based on biotype. Populations of M. destructor showed a predominance of one haplotype over the others in specific geographic regions. However, Wolbachia DNA was not detected in any population, indicating that inheritance patterns of mtDNA in M. destructor were most likely due to repeated bottlenecks leading to the expansion of one lineage over another. The complete complement of 12S sequences in the M. destructor populations was subjected to a phylogenetic reconstruction by using haplotypes 1 and 3 of the gall midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), as outgroups. Results from this initial study indicate a more robust phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of population history will test the hypothesis of a single introduction of M. destructor into North America. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, Smith Hall,901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 940 EP 948 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0940:AFAOMD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100011 ER PT J AU Peabody, NC Shearman, DCA McCombs, SD AF Peabody, NC Shearman, DCA McCombs, SD TI Comparison of wild-type and mutant white eye alleles in melon fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE melon fly; white eye; sterile insect technique; Tephritidae; transmembrane protein ID GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ABC TRANSPORTERS; CORE PROMOTERS; RESISTANCE; PIGGYBAC; INTRON; HAWAII AB The DNA sequence of the coding region of the wild-type and mutant alleles of the white eye gene from the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, was obtained. The mutant white eye allele had a single base pair mutation at the 5' end of intron 4b in the RNA splice recognition site. Due to the disrupted splice recognition site, intron 4b was not removed from the mutant RNA transcript. The resulting mRNA transcript was 68 bp longer than that of the wild type, containing a frameshift and premature stop codon. Transport of pigment precursors would be blocked, resulting in a lack of pigmentation deposition consistent with the known mutant phenotype. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Waimanalo, HI 96859 USA. RP Peabody, NC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fruit Fly Res Ctr, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1018:COWAMW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100021 ER PT J AU McInnis, DO Tam, S Lim, R Komatsu, J Kurashima, R Albrecht, C AF McInnis, DO Tam, S Lim, R Komatsu, J Kurashima, R Albrecht, C TI Development of a pupal color-based genetic sexing strain of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genetic sexing; sterile insect technique; quality control; melon fly; Bactrocera ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DACUS-CUCURBITAE; SYSTEM; FLIES; ERADICATION; DORSALIS; HAWAII; MALES AB The first genetic sexing system for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), based on pupal color was developed. The recessive white pupae mutant, wh, was used in a putative chromosome translocation linking the wildtype allele to the male sex. This system permits the separation of males (wildtype brown pupae) from females (mutant white pupae). Results from laboratory studies indicated that egg hatch averaged 42% for flies 2-5 wk old, with higher rates (approximate to50%) for younger flies in this age range. Male larvae left the diet to pupate earlier than females, averaging >60% of the pupae in the first day of collection, whereas only approximate to40% on the fourth day of collection. Adult emergence rate was normal, averaging approximate to92%. Adult egg fecundity and fertility (both sexes) were very low (<1% of normal) after irradiation at 100 Gy at 1, 2, or 3 d before emergence. Adult flight ability from standard 20-cm tubes averaged approximate to65%. Irradiated females landed on, and oviposited into, zucchini fruit significantly fewer times than nonirradiated females. Field cage survival tests indicated that the new strain survived as well (>80%) as wild males over a 7-d period when provided with food and water. Mating tests indicated that male-only sterile flies mated significantly more (about double) with wild females than sterile males from bisexual (male and female) sterile populations competing with wild males. Males fed only sugar until tested in the cages failed to mate with wild females, whereas males fed a low protein diet (6:1 sugar:protein) or the standard 3:1 diet mated as well as wild males for wild females. Finally, males exposed to the attractant, cuelure, failed to improve their mating performance compared with control, unexposed males. The results are discussed in the context of the potential for using the new strain in current or future melon fly sterile insect technique programs in Hawaii and elsewhere. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basic Area Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McInnis, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basic Area Res Ctr, 2727 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dmcinnis@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1026:DOAPCG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100022 ER PT J AU Miller, NW Vargas, RI Prokopy, RJ Mackey, BE AF Miller, NW Vargas, RI Prokopy, RJ Mackey, BE TI State-dependent attractiveness of protein bait and host fruit odor to Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera : Tephritidae) females SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; host odor; protein bait; attraction; physiological state ID FLIES DIPTERA; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FLY DIPTERA; FIELD-TESTS; FOOD; RESPONSES; MALATHION; SPECIFICITY; SPINOSAD AB We evaluated responses of protein-deprived and protein-fed mature (26-30-d-old) female melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), to odor of host fruit and of proteinaceous baits by using 1 by 1 by 1-m cages containing nonhost plants. Protein-deprived and protein-fed females were attracted equally to odor of host fruit. For both types of females, odor of cucumber, Cucumis sativis L., and cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., was more attractive than odor of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L. Odor of kabocha, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, was more attractive than the odor of bittermelon, Momordica charantia L., but not more attractive than zucchini squash, Cucurbita pepo L. In choice tests, protein-fed females preferred cucumber odor over protein odor, whereas protein-deprived flies showed an almost identical response to the two odors. Our findings suggest that some feral host-seeking B. cucurbitae females that have fed recently on natural sources of protein and carry mature eggs might bypass proteinaceous baits, reducing the effectiveness of current approaches to melon fly management. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basic Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area Off, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Miller, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basic Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM nmiller@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1068 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[1063:SAOPBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 857GJ UT WOS:000224104100027 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Bosch, J Kemp, WP TI Effect of pre-wintering and wintering temperature regimes on weight loss, survival, and emergence time in the mason bee Osmia cornuta (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Osmia cornuta; wintering temperature; body weight; orchard pollination ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; NESTING-BEHAVIOR; ALMOND ORCHARDS; SPRUCE BUDWORM; POLLINATOR; DIAPAUSE; LEPIDOPTERA; APIDAE; APPLE AB Osmia cornuta adults require exposure to wintering temperatures followed by incubation in the to emerge. We studied winter survival, weight loss, emergence time, and post-emergence longevity O. cornuta exposed to a variety of pre-wintering and wintering treatments. Few bees emerged after to wintering durations <30 days. Maximum survival and longevity were obtained with wintering of 90-150 days. Time to emergence following incubation declined with increasing wintering and increasing wintering temperature. Pre-wintering treatment had a dramatic effect on bee fitness. pre-wintered for 15 days lost less weight, had higher survival and lived longer than bees pre-wintered 45 or 75 days. In general, larger bees were more likely to survive the winter and lived longer than smaller We discuss the relevance of these results to survival in wild O. cornuta populations and the of populations used in orchard pollination. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM Jordi.Bosch@uab.es OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 30 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.1051/apido:2004035 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 869BK UT WOS:000224957200003 ER PT J AU Elzen, P Westervelt, D AF Elzen, P Westervelt, D TI A scientific note on reversion of fluvalinate resistance to a degree of susceptibility in Varroa destructor SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; fluvalinate; resistance C1 ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Elzen, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 519 EP 520 DI 10.1051/apido:2004036 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 869BK UT WOS:000224957200008 ER PT J AU Sudduth, KA Hummel, JW Drummond, ST AF Sudduth, KA Hummel, JW Drummond, ST TI Comparison of the veris profiler 3000 to an ASAE-standard penetrometer SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WI SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE cone penetrometer; compaction; cone index; precision agriculture ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONE PENETROMETER; GROWTH AB Cone penetrometers, as standardized by ASAE, have been used for many years as the primary instrument for investigating and quantifying soil compaction. Recently, non-standard penetrometers have become commercially available. These instruments depart from the standard so they can simultaneously sense additional soil parameters [e.g., soil electrical conductivity (EC)] in addition to cone index (CI). In this research we compared CI data collected with the Veris Profiler 3000 EC-sensing penetrometer to CI data collected with ASAE-standard large cone and small cone penetrometers. The Profiler operated at a faster insertion speed and exhibited a non-standard cone geometry. Cone geometry had a significant effect when comparing this penetrometer to standard large and small cones. There was also a significant effect of cone size between the two standard cones. It was possible to develop CI-dependent equations relating data collected with one tip to data from another tip, but a large amount of scatter was present in the relationship. No significant effect of insertion speed was detected among the ASAE-standard insertion speed of 30 mm/s (1.2 in./s) and two higher speeds, 40 and 50 mm/s (1.6 and 2.0 in./s). The amount of scatter present in replicate CI data was inversely related to cone diameter indicating that fewer measurements would be required to obtain a given level of precision with a larger cone. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SudduthK@missouri.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000001 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, RK TI Cotton lint moisture-sample storage container comparison SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; lint; moisture content; measurement; storage; sampling AB ''Quart-size" (0.95-L) metal cans with metal lids have been used for transportation and storage of cotton lint samples intended for moisture content analysis by the oven method for many years. In some cases, particularly when the samples are collected at a distance from the analysis lab, the transportation of the empty cans can be inconvenient. This study examined the use of zipper-closed plastic bags, which are widely available, for sample transportation and storage. Cotton lint samples were pretreated with higher and lower humidity, placed in containers, and stored in an environment maintained at a constant relative humidity and temperature. The samples and containers were weighed periodically. After a period of between 2 to 3 weeks the cotton was tested for moisture content by the oven method. This moisture content was used with the weight data to calculate the moisture content over the storage period. Statistical analysis was used to estimate the moisture content/time slope based on the different containers. The metal cans proved to be the best of the containers tested. Double bagging using freezer bags was the best of the plastic bag containers. Therefore, metal cans should be used when available; however, if the samples are promptly shipped and analyzed then the double-bagged freezer bags can be used. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 259, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000002 ER PT J AU Raper, RL Simionescu, PA Kornecki, TS Price, AJ Reeves, DW AF Raper, RL Simionescu, PA Kornecki, TS Price, AJ Reeves, DW TI Reducing vibration while maintaining efficacy of rollers to terminate cover crops SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE conservation tillage; cover crop; implement; residue AB Rollers may provide a valuable alternative to chemicals for terminating a cover crop. Several producers are now using versions that they have made or have purchased. Most of these producers, however, complain about excessive vibration that is caused by the roller passing over the cover crop. To avoid this excessive vibration, they must limit their operational speed. Experiments were performed to determine if two alternative roller blade designs would decrease vibration while maintaining the ability to kill a cover crop. Results showed that a spiral blade system or a short-staggered straight blade system significantly reduced vibration as compared to the standard long-straight blade system typically found on rollers. These two alternative blade systems were also found to kill the cover crop as effectively as the long-straight blade system. C1 USDA, ARS, NSDL, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NSDL, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000007 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J AF Chellemi, DO Mirusso, J TI An apparatus to inject soil fumigants under raised, plastic-mulched beds SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; low-density polyethylene plastic mulch; virtually impermeable plastic mulch; 1,3-dichlotopropene, chloropicrin ID METHYL-BROMIDE; VOLATILIZATION AB An under bed fumigator was designed, fabricated, and tested for injecting soil fumigants underneath raised planting beds covered by plastic mulch without disturbing the integrity of the beds. Two opposing armature systems mounted on a tractor tool bar at a 15degrees angle were used to deliver fumigants to the center of plastic mulched beds. Using a virtually impermeable plastic mulch, uniform concentrations of a fumigant mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin were obtained across the beds. The under bed fumigator mitigates worker exposure to fumigants by separating land preparation activities from fumigant application process. It provides growers without access to drip irrigation the opportunity to disinfest soil prior to the planting of a second (double) crop in existing mulched beds. Effective control of soilborne pests was obtained when the under bed fumigator was used in conjunction with a virtually impermeable film on 0.5 ha of a commercial tomato production field. C1 USDA, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Mirusso Fumigat & Equipment, Delray Beach, FL USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dchellemi@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000008 ER PT J AU Sporre-Moeny, JL Lanyon, LE Sharpley, AN AF Sporre-Moeny, JL Lanyon, LE Sharpley, AN TI Low-intensity sprinkler for evaluating phosphorus transport from different landscape positions SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; water quality ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; WATER-QUALITY; SIZE; RUNOFF AB High intensity rainfall causes a greater proportion of total phosphorus (P) in runoff to be particulate P (PP) than low-intensity rainfall. Traditional conservation practices have been implemented to control PP; however, dissolved ortho-P (DP) losses have been more difficult to reduce. Dissolved ortho-P losses may occur under different rainfall conditions, from different landscape locations, and from areas with different management histories than PP. To evaluate P lost in runoff from multiple landscape positions simultaneously, a low-intensity sprinkler was developed. The design criteria included: <12.7-mmh(-1) application rate; low operating pressure; fine drop size; uniform volume distribution; low cost; and ease of transport, setup, and operation. An inverted full cone sprayer nozzle operating at 6.9 X 10(4) Pa, delivering 8.2 min h(-1), was mounted within a 1.8- X 1.8- X 1.3-m polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe frame. The coefficient of uniformity for application was 0.97 and the mean drop size diameter was 0.51 mm. In a field evaluation of the sprinkler DP concentrations were greater from the summit and backslope than from the footslope. Although there was no difference in DP or TP loads (concentration X volume), the trend in DP load losses was greatest from the backslope (130 mug m(-2)), followed by the summit/shoulder (89 mug m(-2)), and then the footslope (28 mug m(-2)). The sprinkler performed effectively in field tests, but the results suggest that more research is necessary to better understand DP losses from different landscape positions under low-intensity rainfall. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Sporre-Moeny, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jls584@psu.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000010 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM AF Zobeck, TM TI Rapid soil particle size analyses using laser diffraction SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE particles; particle size; laser diffraction; soil physical properties; soil texture; particle size distribution ID SEDIMENTS; DIFFRACTOMETRY; AGGREGATION; ANALYZER AB Soil particle size analyses (PSA) are needed to relate soil texture to soil performance or behavior. Standard analyses of dry soils usually include dispersion of the soils followed by particle size determination by a variety of time-consuming methods. Clay- and silt-sized particles are usually measured by sedimentation using a hydrometer or pipette method. Sands are then measured by sieving. Recent advances in laser diffraction technology have led to the production of devices specifically designed to rapidly measure the particle distribution of dispersed particles. This study compares the PSAs of 43 soil samples collected from the Southern High Plains of Texas measured by the pipette method and sieving with results obtained using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LDPSA). No pretreatment to remove organic matter or salts was used. The LDPSA required about 300-mg soil sample and overnight dispersion while shaking in a sodium hexametaphosphate solution. Each sample was analyzed in about 10 min, including device clean up. The correlation of the laser analyses with pipette analyses varied by particle size and mineralogy. Better correlations were obtained when non-calcareous soils were separated from calcareous soils. Regression analyses relating laser with pipette methods for non-calcareous soils yielded coefficients of determinations of 0.97, 0.99, and 0.99 for the <2-, <50-, and <100-mum fractions, respectively. Use of the laser particle size analyzer greatly reduced the time and labor required for soil PSAs. Since a relatively small sample size is required, care must be taken to ensure a representative sample is selected for analysis. C1 USDA, ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM tzobeck@lbk.ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 633 EP 639 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000014 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Development and utility of Huff curves for disaggregating precipitation amounts SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Huff curves; storm simulation; storm synthesis; stochastic simulation; design storm; disaggregation; precipitation ID SMALL AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; STORM HYETOGRAPHS; PEAK FLOWS; IDENTIFICATION; RAINFALL; MODEL AB Watershed models are becoming more sophisticated and require temporal inputs of precipitation to drive the modeled hydrologic processes. Short time increments of the order of minutes are particularly needed, but these are seldom available or do not have good spatial coverage. The most widely available precipitation data in the United States are total amounts for 24-h periods. Information on the actual intensity distribution within a period of precipitation is lacking and practitioners resort to approximate methods to distribute the precipitation in time ("disaggregation"). The most common approach to disaggregate total precipitation amounts has been to use "design storms," fixed patterns of the time distribution of precipitation intensities within a period. "Huff curves" provide a method of characterizing storm mass curves. They are a probabilistic representation of accumulated storm depths for corresponding accumulated storm durations expressed in dimensionless form. The development of Huff curves is described in the present study using precipitation data from Coshocton, Ohio because the procedure has never been documented in the literature. The potential use of these curves, the state of knowledge, and research needs for advancing the utility of Huff curves for storm disaggregation are summarized. Three approaches for using Huff curves to disaggregate precipitation totals are described: design storms (fixed patterns of intensities), stochastic simulation of within-storm intensities, and a hybrid of these two approaches. Expanded use of Huff curves as described in the latter two approaches offer opportunities for maximizing the information contained in Huff curves. There is no meaningful correspondence between NRCS design storms (Types I, IA, II, and III) and Huff curves. A computer program is available to facilitate the development of Huff curves for stimulating research into their practical use. C1 USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershep, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershep, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM bonta@coshocton.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 641 EP 653 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000015 ER PT J AU Maw, BW Butts, CL Purvis, AC Seebold, K Mullinix, BG AF Maw, BW Butts, CL Purvis, AC Seebold, K Mullinix, BG TI High-temperature continuous-flow curing of sweet onions SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE heat treatment; thin layer drying ID ROT BOTRYTIS-ALLII; NECK ROT; IDENTIFICATION; SEED AB A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of heat-treating sweet onions under controlled commercial conditions. Three test runs were conducted whereby approximately 4 m(3) of onions for each test were passed through a continuous-flow drier. Set-point temperatures of 43degreesC, 43degreesC, and 46degreesC and durations of heat treatment of 17, 24, and 24 h were used, respectively, during the three tests. Samples of heat-treated onions were taken from the dryer at regular intervals and, after prescribed storage intervals, were inspected for the presence of Botrytis allii with the aid of a dye. The increase in disease was calculated. There was a significantly (P < 0.01) less increase in disease during storage for those onions having received heat treatment compared with onions conventionally cured. In comparing the least square means, 24 h of heat treatment resulted in a lower incidence of disease than 17 h. Similarly, a set-point temperature of 46degreesC resulted in a lower incidence of disease than 43degreesC. Based upon the results of the study, a combination of heat treatment and conventional curing was recommended. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Stat & Comp Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Maw, BW (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 657 EP 663 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000016 ER PT J AU Chao, K Chen, YR Chan, DE AF Chao, K Chen, YR Chan, DE TI A spectroscopic system for high-speed inspection of poultry carcasses SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE automation; food safety; poultry inspection; modeling; visible/near-infrared spectroscopy ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CHICKEN MEATS; WHOLESOME; STORAGE AB A visible/near-infrared spectroscopic system for high-speed on-line poultry carcass inspection was developed and demonstrated. The inspection system, which was an area scanning system designed to measure the interactance spectra of poultry carcasses in the visible to near-infrared regions, consisted of a fiber-optic probe, a spectrograph, a spectroscopic charge coupled device detector, a quartz tungsten halogen light source, an industrial computer, and in-house developed software modules. On-line trials of the visible/near-infrared chicken inspection system were conducted during a 5-day period in a poultry processing plant in Athens, Georgia. Spectra (431 to 943 nm) of 450 wholesome and 426 unwholesome chicken carcasses were measured. The instrument measured the spectra of veterinarian-selected carcasses on a processing line running at speeds of 140 and 180 birds/min. Results showed this visible/near-infrared system can be used to differentiate between wholesome and unwholesome poultry carcasses at high speeds. For the 140-bird/min line speed, the best model achieved classification accuracies of 95% for wholesome and 92% for unwholesome birds. For the 180-bird/min line speed, the best model achieved classification accuracies of 94% and 92% for wholesome and unwholesome birds, respectively. The system is ready to be implemented for operation on high-speed poultry processing lines. C1 USDA, ARS, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 683 EP 690 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000020 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Cambardella, CA Kanwar, RS AF Karlen, DL Cambardella, CA Kanwar, RS TI Challenges of managing liquid swine manure SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE manure management; N leaching; nutrient balance; tile drainage; crop rotation ID MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; WATER; NITROGEN AB Liquid swine manure can be a resource for providing essential plant nutrients and building soil resources, but its management for maximum productivity with minimum environmental impact is often very difficult. Failure to understand the challenges may result in expectations or even regulations that are impossible to achieve. Our objective is to provide producers and policy makers with information regarding agronomic and environmental challenges of liquid swine manure management based on results from a 6-year study with continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Challenges that we encountered are openly discussed to increase the awareness of those people who may ultimately be developing policy and writing manure management legislation. Drainage volume, NO3-N concentrations, and NO3-N leaching loss were spatially variable, being influenced by seasonal precipitation as well as current and past manure application rates. Annual manure applications for continuous corn increased soil-test P and K values because more nutrients were supplied than removed through grain harvest. Biennial applications also increased soil-test P but not K. We suggest developing local manure nutrient databases to guide application rates, using total Kjeldahl N (TKN) values to estimate plant-available N, monitoring manure loads to quantify variability and actual loading rates, and routinely using soil-testing to determine if application rates should be based on P rather than N content in the manure. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM karlen@nstl.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 865EJ UT WOS:000224685000021 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, KC Cotty, PJ TI An isolate of Aspergillus flavus used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed has a defective polyketide synthase gene SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; ATOXIGENIC STRAINS; B-1 BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS; HOMOLOG; ORYZAE; FUNGI; ASSOCIATION; MEDIA AB Contamination of certain foods and feeds with the highly toxic and carcinogenic family of Aspergillus mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, can place a severe economic burden on farmers. As one strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination, the non-aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolate AF36 is currently being applied to agricultural fields to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species. We now show that the polyketide synthase gene (pksA) required for aflatoxin biosynthesis in AF36, and in other members of the same vegetative compatibility group, possesses a nucleotide polymorphism near the beginning of the coding sequence. This nucleotide change introduces a premature stop codon into the coding sequence, thereby preventing enzyme production and aflatoxin accumulation. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 65 IS 4 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1670-y PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 859XP UT WOS:000224302000016 PM 15235754 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Effect of isoeugenol sedation on plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate dynamics in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus exposed to three stressors SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE isoeugenol; catfish; metomidate; confinement; ammonia; dissolved oxygen; stress ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SPARUS-AURATA L.; ATLANTIC SALMON; CORTICOSTEROID DYNAMICS; METOMIDATE ANESTHESIA; QUINALDINE SULFATE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CROWDING STRESS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CLOVE OIL AB The effect of isoeugenol sedation (2.5 mg l(-1)) on plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate dynamics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), relative to two controls, was examined during confinement, exposure to high unionized ammonia, and acute oxygen depletion. The positive control (PC) for each treatment was no sedation, and the negative control (NC) was sedation with metomidate hydrochloride (1.5 mg l(-1)). Isoeugenol sedated catfish had 60% lower (P<0.05) plasma cortisol levels than PC fish after 15-min of confinement. No differences (P>0.05) in plasma levels of glucose or lactate were observed between treatments during 45-min of confinement. Fish exposed to high ammonia for 24h had elevated (P<0.05) cortisol levels in PC and isoeugenol treatment groups. Sedation with isoeugenol during exposure to high ammonia had no effect on plasma glucose or lactate levels relative to PC fish. Levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate all increased significantly (P<0.05) in PC fish following acute oxygen depletion for 30 min. Plasma glucose levels were similar (P<0.05) between isoeugenol and control treated fish throughout oxygen stress and recovery. Sedation with isoeugenol significantly suppressed the resulting plasma cortisol and lactate response by 74% and 46%, respectively, compared to PC fish. Plasma cortisol levels in NC fish were below detection limits for all stress treatments. As a sedative, isoeugenol had suppressive effects on channel catfish plasma cortisol levels during confinement and low oxygen conditions, and reduced the plasma lactate response to acute oxygen depletion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Expt Stn Rd,POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bsmall@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 1-4 BP 469 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.021 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 855VZ UT WOS:000224004300035 ER PT J AU Buckner, JS Kemp, WP Bosch, J AF Buckner, JS Kemp, WP Bosch, J TI Characterization of triacylglycerols from overwintering prepupae of the alfalfa pollinator Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leafcutting bee; storage lipids; unsaturated fatty acids; palmitoleic acid ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; GALL FLY LARVA; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; WINTER SURVIVAL; COLD TOLERANCE; BEE MEGACHILE; DIAPAUSE; INSECTS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB Alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata (F), overwinter as prepupae. The internal lipids were extracted from prepupae that had been wintered at 4degreesC for 7 months. Megachile rotundata prepupae possessed copious quantities of internal lipids (20% of the fresh weight) that were extracted with CHCl3/methanol (2:1). Transmission election microscopy revealed that lipids were stored within very large intracellular vacuoles. Separation by silica chromatography revealed that 88% of the internal lipids were triacylglycerols. Ester derivatives of fatty acids from triacylglycerol components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 15 fatty acid constituents were identified. The majority (76%) of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids. The major triacylglycerol fatty acid constituent (30%) was the C-16 monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid (16:1, hexodec-9-enoic acid), with substantial amounts of linolenic acid (18:3, octodec-9,1 2,15-trienoic acid, 15%), palmitic acid (16:0, hexadecanoic acid, 14%) and oleic acid (18:1, octodec-9-enoic acid, 13%). Palmitoleic: acid as the major fatty acid of an insect is an unusual occurrence as well as the presence of the 16-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, 16:2 and 16:3. The major intact triacylglycerol components were separated and identified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A complex mixture of approximately 40 triacylglycerol components were identified and major components included palmitoyl palmitoleoyl oleoyl glycerol, palmitoyl palmitoleoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, myristoyl palmitoleoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, myristoleoyl palmitoyl palmitoleoyl glycerol, and palmitoyl palmitoleoyl linolenoyl glycerol. The function of these internal lipids and their relevance to winter survival and post-wintering development of M. rotundata is discussed. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM bucknerj@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 58 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1002/arch.20008 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 848ZF UT WOS:000223506100001 PM 15352151 ER PT J AU Berson, EL Rosner, B Sandberg, MA Weigel-DiFranco, C Moser, A Brockhurst, RJ Hayes, KC Johnson, CA Anderson, EJ Gaudio, AR Willett, WC Schaefer, E AF Berson, EL Rosner, B Sandberg, MA Weigel-DiFranco, C Moser, A Brockhurst, RJ Hayes, KC Johnson, CA Anderson, EJ Gaudio, AR Willett, WC Schaefer, E TI Clinical trial of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A treatment SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINOID-BINDING PROTEIN; HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYZER; FATTY-ACIDS; VISUAL-FIELDS; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION; FASTPAC; CELLS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To determine whether a therapeutic dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, will slow the course of retinal degeneration in adult patients with retinitis pigmentosa who are also receiving vitamin A. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-masked trial of 221 patients, aged 18 to 55 years, evaluated over a 4-year interval. Patients were given either 1200 mg/d of docosahexaenoic acid or control capsules. All were given 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A (given as retinyl palmitate). Randomization considered genetic type and baseline dietary w-3 fatty acid intake. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the total point score for the 30-2 program of the Humphrey field analyzer; secondary outcome measures were the total point score for the 30-2 and 30/60-1 programs combined, 30-Hz electroretinogram amplitude, and Early Treatment Diabetic Rentinopathy Study visual acuity. Results: No significant differences in decline in ocular function were found between the docosahexaenoicacid plus vitamin A (DHA+A) group and control plus vitamin A (control+A) group over a 4-year interval among all 221 randomized patients or among the 208 patients who completed all 4 follow-up visits. The mean annual rate of loss of sensitivity for the Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 program was 37 dB for the DHA+A group and 38 dB for the control+A group (P = .88). For the Humphrey Field Analyzer 30-2 and 30/60-1 programs combined, the mean annual rates of loss of field sensitivity were 57 dB for the DHA+A group and 60 dB (P = .73) for control+A group. No toxic adverse effects were observed. No significant differences by treatment group assignment were observed within genetic types or within the category of baseline w-3 fatty acid intake. Conclusion: In patients assigned to receive 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A, this randomized trial showed that 1200 mg/d of docosahexacnoic acid supplementation over a 4-year interval did not, on average, slow the course of disease in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Peroxisomal Dis Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. Brandeis Univ, Foster Biomed Res Lab, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Devers Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Berson, EL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [U10 EY 11030] NR 55 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 122 IS 9 BP 1297 EP 1305 DI 10.1001/archopht.122.9.1297 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 852AB UT WOS:000223726500005 PM 15364708 ER PT J AU Berson, EL Rosner, B Sandberg, MA Weigel-DiFranco, C Moser, A Brockhurst, RJ Hayes, KC Johnson, CA Anderson, EJ Gaudio, AR Willett, WC Schaefer, E AF Berson, EL Rosner, B Sandberg, MA Weigel-DiFranco, C Moser, A Brockhurst, RJ Hayes, KC Johnson, CA Anderson, EJ Gaudio, AR Willett, WC Schaefer, E TI Further evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A treatment - Subgroup analyses SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINOID-BINDING PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; MEMBRANES; TRIAL; BRAIN AB Objective: To determine whether docosahexaenoic acid will slow the course of retinal degeneration in subgroups of patients with retinitis pigmentosa who are receiving vitamin A. Design: A cohort of 208 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, aged 18 to 55 years, were randomly assigned to 1200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid plus 15000 IU/d of vitamin A given as retinyl palmitate (DHA+A group) or control fatty acid plus 15000 IU/d of vitamin A (control+A group) and followed up over 4 years. Seventy percent of the patients in each group were taking. vitamin A, 15000 IU/d, prior to entry. We compared rates of decline in ocular function in the DHA+A vs control+A groups among the subgroups defined by use or nonuse of vitamin A prior to entry. We also determined whether decline in ocular function was related to red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine docosahexaenoic acid level, dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake, or duration of vitamin A use. Main outcome measures were Humphrey Field Analyzer visual field sensitivity, 30-Hz electroretinogram amplitude, and visual acuity. Results: Among patients not taking vitamin A prior to entry, those in the DHA+A group had a slower declinein field sensitivity and electroretinogram amplitude than those in the control+A group over the first 2 years (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively); these differences were not observed in years 3 and 4 of follow-up or among patients taking vitamin A prior to entry. In the entire cohort, red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine docosahexaenoic acid level was inversely related to rate of decline in total field sensitivity over 4 years (test for trend, P =. 05). This was particularly evident over the first 2 years among those not on vitamin A prior to entry (test for trend, P = .003). In the entire control+A group, dietary w-3 fatty acid intake was inversely related to loss of total field sensitivity over 4 years (intake, <0.20 vs greater than or equal to0.20 g/d; P = .02). The duration of vitamin A supplementation prior to entry was inversely related to rate of decline in electroretinogram amplitude (P = .008). Conclusions: For patients with retinitis pigmentosa beginning vitamin A therapy, addition of docosahexaenoic acid, 1200 mg/d, slowed the course of disease for 2 years. Among patients on vitamin A for at least 2 years, a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids (greater than or equal to0.20 g/d) slowed the decline in visual field sensitivity. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Peroxisomal Dis Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. Brandeis Univ, Foster Biomed Res Lab, Waltham, MA USA. Devers Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. RP Berson, EL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [U10 EY 11030] NR 16 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 122 IS 9 BP 1306 EP 1314 DI 10.1001/archopht.122.9.1306 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 852AB UT WOS:000223726500006 PM 15364709 ER PT J AU Bishop, MA Warnock, N Takekawa, JY AF Bishop, MA Warnock, N Takekawa, JY TI Differential spring migration by male and female Western Sandpipers at interior and coastal stopover sites SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE Calidris mauri; sex differences; avian migration; radio telemetry; phenology; shorebirds; waders; stopover ecology; Pacific Flyway ID ARCTIC-BREEDING SANDPIPERS; CALIDRIS-MAURI; PACIFIC COAST; TRADE-OFFS; SEX-RATIOS; WADDEN SEA; BODY-MASS; FIDELITY; GROUNDS; DUNLINS AB Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri are differential migrants on their nonbreeding areas, with females wintering farther south. Earlier passage of males in the spring has been explained by sexual differences in winter latitude (male-biased sex ratios at more northerly areas) and onset of migration (males departing earlier). We investigated sex differences during spring migration by capturing and radio-marking Western Sandpipers at two Pacific coast sites, San Francisco Bay, California and Grays Harbor, Washington and at a Great Basin interior wetland, Honey Lake, California. We monitored northward migration of 132 radio-marked birds at a network of 12 major stopover sites and 4 breeding areas. At the banding sites, we observed differences in sex by date and site, with males preceding females. We found sex differences in departure time of radio-marked birds from the banding site, their arrival time at the Copper River Delta, Alaska (our most frequently used stopover site), and in the likelihood that a Stopover was used. Our data suggest that by mid to late April, migration timing becomes more compressed and sex differences are less pronounced and harder to detect. C1 US Forest Serv, Copper River Delta Inst, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Bishop, MA (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, POB 705, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM mbishop@pwssc.gen.ak.us NR 58 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD FAL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 960VH UT WOS:000231620800006 ER PT J AU Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ AF Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ TI Interrelationships between human apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 kinetics using stable isotopes SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-I; apolipoprotein B; lipoprotein metabolism; stable isotopes; HDL cholesterol ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; B-67/B-100 HETEROZYGOTES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; PLASMA; MEN; FRAMINGHAM AB Objective-Our purpose was to determine the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and apoB-48 and apoB-100 metabolism in moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. Methods and Results-The kinetics of apoA-I within high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apoB-48 and apoB-100 within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and apoB-100 within intermediate-density lipoprotein and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) were examined with a primed constant infusion of [5,5,5-H-2(3)] leucine in the fed state (hourly feeding) in 23 subjects after consumption of a 36% total fat diet. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation; apolipoproteins by SDS-PAGE gels; and isotope enrichment assessed by gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometry. Kinetic parameters were calculated by multicompartmental modeling of the data with SAAM II. ApoA-I production rate (PR) was correlated with LDL apoB-100 pool size (PS; r=0.49; P=0.017) and LDL cholesterol (r=0.61; P=0.002), whereas apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was inversely correlated with apoB-48 FCR (r=-0.40; P=0.05) but not with very low-density lipoprotein apoB-100 FCR. Conclusions-Two links exist between apoA-I and apoB kinetics: 1) when LDL apoB-100 PS is high, there is increased apoA-I PR; and 2) delayed chylomicron remnant clearance (represented by apoB-48 FCR) is associated with enhanced apoA-I FCR, a finding indicating that alterations in intestinal lipoproteins may be more important in determining HDL cholesterol levels than changes in liver lipoproteins. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Welty, FK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fwelty@bidmc.harvard.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 12609]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39326, HL 49110, HL 56895] NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1703 EP 1707 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000137975.14996.df PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 851CW UT WOS:000223664000027 PM 15242863 ER PT J AU Boileau, N Blumberg, J Dallal, GE Golly, I Roubenoff, R AF Boileau, N Blumberg, J Dallal, GE Golly, I Roubenoff, R TI Vitamin E does not reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: A 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000416 ER PT J AU McLean, RR Booth, SL Kiel, DP Broe, KE Tucker, KL Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF McLean, RR Booth, SL Kiel, DP Broe, KE Tucker, KL Cupples, LA Hannan, MT TI Does quantitative ultrasound of the heel provide insight into the vitamin K and bone relation? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S682 EP S682 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799001891 ER PT J AU Neogi, T Zhang, YQ Booth, S Jacques, PF Terkeltaub, R Felson, D AF Neogi, T Zhang, YQ Booth, S Jacques, PF Terkeltaub, R Felson, D TI Is there an association between osteophytes and vitamin K intake? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 16-21, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UCSD, VAMC, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 SU S BP S350 EP S350 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 853AS UT WOS:000223799000911 ER PT J AU Prigge, JT Majerciak, V Hunt, HD Dienglewicz, RL Parcells, MS AF Prigge, JT Majerciak, V Hunt, HD Dienglewicz, RL Parcells, MS TI Construction and characterization of Marek's disease viruses having green fluorescent protein expression tied directly or indirectly to phosphoprotein 38 expression SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; MDV; recombinant; pp38; GFP; cytolytic infection ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; UNIQUE SHORT REGION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTED-CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; MUTANT MDV; HERPESVIRUS; GENE AB Marek's disease (MD) is Caused by Marek's disease Virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated alphaherpesvirus. MD is primarily characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of the nerves and the development of lymphomas in visceral organs, muscle, and skin. MDV encodes two phosphoproteins, pp24 and pp38, that are highly expressed during lyric infection. These proteins were initially identified in MDV-induced Minors but are now known to be linked primarily to MDV lyric infection. Despite the recent characterization of a pp38 deletion Mutant MDV, the functions of these phosphoproteins remain Unknown. The goal of this work was to construct recombinant MDVs having direct fusions of a marker gene, the green fluorescent protein (GFP), to pp38 in order to Study the expression patterns and localization of this protein during stages of MDV infection. We report the construction of two recombinant viruses, one having the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fused in-frame to the pp38 open reading frame (ORF) (RB1Bpp38/eGFP) and the other having soluble-modified GFP (smGFP) downstream but out-of-frame with pp38 (RB1Bpp38/smGFP). During construction of RB1Bpp38/eGFP, an ORF located downstream of pp38 (LORF 12) was partially deleted. In RB1Bpp38/smGFP, however, LORF12 and its immediate 5' Upstream sequence was left intact. This report describes the construction, cell Culture, and in vivo characterization of RB1Bpp38/eGFP and RB1Bpp38/smGFP. Structural analysis showed that the virus stocks of RB1Bpp38/eGFP and RB1Bpp38/smGFP had incorporated the GFP cassette and were free of contaminating parent virus (RB1B). Moreover, RB1Bpp38/eGFP and RB1Bpp38/smGFP contained two and three and four and five copies of the 132-bp repeats, respectively. Expression analysis showed that the transcription of genes in RB1Bpp38/eGFP-and RB1Bpp38/smGFP-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) were similar to RB1B-infected CEFs, with the notable exception of deletion of a LORF12-specific transcript in RB1Bpp38/eGFP-infected cells. In CEFs, RB1Bpp38/eGFP and RB1Bpp38/smGFP showed comparable one-step growth kinetics to parental virus (RB1B). RB1Bpp38/eGFP and RB1Bpp38/smGFP, however, showed quite distinct growth characteristics in vivo. Two independent: clones of RB1Bpp38/eGFP were highly attenuated, whereas RB1Bpp38/smGFP exhibited pathogenesis similar to parent Virus and retained oncogenicity. Our results Suggest that the RB1Bpp38/eGFP phenotype Could be due to an interference with an in vivo-specific pp38 function via GFP direct fusion, to the deletion of LORF12, or to a targeting of the immune response to eGFP. Because deletion of pp38 was recently found not to fully attenuate very virulent MDV strain MD-5, it is possible that deletion of LORF12 may be at least partially responsible for the attenuation of RB1Bpp38/eGFP. The construction of these viruses and the establishment of cell lines from RB1Bpp38/smGFP provide useful tools for the study of MDV lytic infection in cell Culture and in vivo, in studies of the reactivation of MDV from latency, and in the functional analysis of LORF12. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Parcells, MS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 471 EP 487 DI 10.1637/7110 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200004 PM 15529969 ER PT J AU Sellers, HS Koci, MD Linnemann, E Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S AF Sellers, HS Koci, MD Linnemann, E Kelley, LA Schultz-Cherry, S TI Development of a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test specific for Turkey astrovirus and coronavirus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE multiplex RT-PCR; poult enteritis mortality syndrome; turkey coronavirus; turkey astrovirus; viral diagnostics ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; POULT ENTERITIS; MORTALITY SYNDROME; HATCHLING TURKEYS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; AVIAN ASTROVIRUS; RT-PCR; PHEASANTS; CHICKENS; DISEASE AB A multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of two enteric viruses of poultry: turkey enteric coronavirus (TCV) and turkey astrovirus (TAstV). PCR primers were designed to conserved regions within the nucleocapsid gene of TCV and to the polymerase gene of TAstV-2. The primer pairs were successfully used in a multiplex RT-PCR to detect nucleic acid of TAstV-2 and TCV. The test was optimized for use with intestines/feces from naturally infected turkeys. The primers were specific and did not amplify other common RNA or DNA avian viruses. The detection limit was determined to be 10 ng of RNA used as starting template. The use of this specific test allows the rapid and early diagnosis of two financially costly viruses affecting the commercial turkey industry. C1 Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost Res Ctr, Dept Avian Med, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sellers, HS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost Res Ctr, Dept Avian Med, Coll Vet Med, 954 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Koci, Matthew/0000-0002-5766-4049 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1637/7128 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200010 PM 15529975 ER PT J AU Cole, K Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Cole, K Donoghue, AM Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ TI Isolation and prevalence of Campylobacter in the reproductive tracts and semen of commercial turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; turkeys; reproductive tract; semen ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; BREEDER HENS; JEJUNI; POULTRY; ABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION AB Campylobacter is one of the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human foodborne infections in the United States, and epidemiologic evidence indicates that a significant proportion of human infections result from the improper preparation of poultry products. Campylobacter frequently colonizes the avian intestinal tract, but recent research indicates that this organism can also colonize the avian reproductive tract and possibly contaminate eggs and Subsequent offspring. The present studies were undertaken to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in the reproductive systems of commercial turkeys. In the first study, pooled semen samples from seven commercial turkey farms were randomly collected by abdominal massage over a period of 13 wk. The pooled semen samples were serially diluted, and 0.1 ml of each dilution was plated on Campy-Line agar and incubated at 42 C for 48 hr in a microaerophilic environment for enumeration of Campylobacter. Campylobacter was isolated from 57 of the 59 Pooled semen samples, and levels ranged from below the limit of detection (< 10(1)) to 1.6 X 10(6) cfu/ml of semen. In the second study, the reproductive tracts of 11 hens and 17 toms were aseptically excised, and the segments (female: vagina, shell gland, isthmus, magnum, and infundibulum; male: ductus deferens and testes) were swabbed with a dry cotton sterile swab. The swabs were incubated for 24 hr in Campylobacter enrichment broth, and 0.1 nil of the enriched sample solution was streaked onto Campy-Line agar plates and incubated at 42 C for 48 hr in a microaerophilic environment. Of the 11 hens sampled, Campylobacter was isolated from the vagina (10/11), the shell gland (7/11), the isthmus (8/11), the magnum (6/11), and the infundibulum (4/11). Of the 17 toms sampled, Campylobacter was isolated from the ductus deferens (8/17) and the testes (2/17). Campylobacter is present in the reproductive tracts and semen of commercial turkeys and may lead to vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the hen to the chick. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Cole, K (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 625 EP 630 DI 10.1637/7199-042504R PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200020 PM 15529985 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Harvey, RB AF Ziprin, RL Harvey, RB TI Inability of cecal microflora to promote reversion of viable nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; normal flora; viable nonculturable ID NON-CULTURABLE CAMPYLOBACTER; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURE; CTC-DAPI; COLONIZATION; CHICKS; CELLS; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; VIABILITY; POULTRY AB Campylobacter jejuni cells are able to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state when they are Suspended in water. In the present experiments we inoculated day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks with normal gut Microflora and Subsequently challenged these with high doses of VBNC C.jejuni. The objective was to determine if the pre-establishment of a normal gut flora would enable VBNC Campylobacter to recover, revert to the vibrionic form, and colonize the cecum. Day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks were gavaged through the esophagus with 0.75 ml of a continuous-flow Culture of normal cecal organisms. Two days after gavage, the same chicks were gavaged with 0.75 ml (greater than 109 colony-forming units) of a VBNC suspension of C jejuni. Seven days later, cecal contents were collected, serially diluted, and examined for the presence of viable Culturable C jejuni. Our results demonstrated that the VBNC C jejuni cells were unable to revert to a vibrionic culturable form capable of colonizing the cecum. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1637/7153-010504R1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200024 PM 15529989 ER PT J AU Sellers, HS Linnemann, EG Pereira, L Kapczynski, DR AF Sellers, HS Linnemann, EG Pereira, L Kapczynski, DR TI Phylogenetic analysis of the sigma 2 protein gene of turkey reoviruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkey reovirus; sigma 2 protein; S3 gene ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; AVIAN REOVIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; S3 GENE AB The open reading frame of the S3 segment encoding the sigma 2 protein of four turkey reovirus field isolates was analyzed for sequence heterogeneity. The turkey reoviruses we present here have a 97% amino acid identity to turkey NC 98. The S3 nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity was <= 61% and 78%-80%, respectively, when compared to the chicken reovirus isolates. Comparison of amino acid sequences from chickens and turkeys with that of a duck isolate revealed a 53% and 55% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence, resulted in three major groups among the avian reoviruses; these groups were clearly separated by species. The results of this study provide further evidence, based on the deduced sigma 2 sequence, that turkey reoviruses form a distinct, separate group relative to chicken and duck isolates. In addition, as a result of the limited sequence identity with their avian counterparts, turkey reoviruses could potentially be considered a separate virus species within subgroup 2 of the Orthoreovirus genus. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sellers, HS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Dept Avian Med, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1637/7181-032304R PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200025 PM 15529990 ER PT J AU Kinde, H Utterback, W Takeshita, K McFarland, M AF Kinde, H Utterback, W Takeshita, K McFarland, M TI Survival of exotic Newcastle disease virus in commercial poultry environment following removal of infected chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE manure drag swabs; exotic Newcastle disease AB During the first weeks of 2003, after exotic Newcastle disease (END) was confirmed in commercial layer flocks in Southern California, it became apparent that the virus survival information in the literature varied widely and was difficult to extrapolate to current local conditions. The END Task Force used the information available in the literature and the recommendations of research scientists to establish protocols for safely handling manure from infected and depopulated premises. In an attempt to gain more applicable knowledge in the management of contaminated poultry manure in the Course of the END outbreak, this virus survival study was designed and implemented. Environmental drag swabs were tested for END virus from two of the early-infected commercial ranches that consisted of several houses following immediate removal of the infected flocks. A total of 293 samples, composed of 168 manure drag swab pools, 72 dropping board swab pools, and 38 compost swab pools from 3 houses (ranch 1), and 180 manure belt scraper swab pools from ranch 2 were analyzed for ND virus isolation and characterization for 21 consecurive days postdepopulation. Thirteen manure drag swab pools (from houses 1 and 3) and two manure dropping board swab pools (from house 3) collected from ranch I were positive for END virus at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 12, and 16 days postdepopulation. No END virus was isolated after the 16th day following depopulation from any of the samples. All samples from ranch 2 were negative during the entire observation period. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Sacramento, CA 95827 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Fresno Branch, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. RP Kinde, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.1637/7161-020104R PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937IG UT WOS:000229917200028 PM 15529993 ER PT J AU Lu, J Tong, J Feng, H Huang, JM Afonso, CL Rock, DL Barany, F Cao, WG AF Lu, J Tong, J Feng, H Huang, JM Afonso, CL Rock, DL Barany, F Cao, WG TI Unique ligation properties of eukaryotic NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase from Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE ligase; fidelity; NAD; RNA; entomopoxvirus ID BLUNT-END LIGATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NICK RECOGNITION; POLYNUCLEOTIDE LIGASE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; T4 DNA; VIRUS; MECHANISM AB The eukaryotic Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus (MsEPV) genome reveals a homologous sequence to eubacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent DNA ligases [J. Virol. 73 (1999) 533]. This 522-amino acid open reading frame (ORF) contains all conserved nucleotidyl transferase motifs but lacks the zinc finger motif and BRCT domain found in conventional eubacterial NAD(+) ligases. Nevertheless, cloned MsEPV ligase seals DNA nicks in a NAD(+)-dependent fashion, while adenosine 5'-monophosphate (ATP) cannot serve as an adenylation cofactor. The ligation activity of MsEPV ligase requires Mg2+ or Mn2+. MsEPV ligase seals sticky ends efficiently, but has little activity on I-nucleotide gap or blunt-ended DNA substrates even in the presence of polyethylene glycol. In comparison, bacterial NAD(+)-dependent ligases seal blunt-ended DNA substrates in the presence of polyethylene glycol. MsEPV DNA ligase readily joins DNA nicks with mismatches at either side of the nick junction, except for mismatches at the nick junction containing an A base in the template strand (A/A, G/A, and C/A). MsEPV NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase can join DNA probes on RNA templates, a unique property that distinguishes this enzyme from other conventional bacterial NAD(+) DNA ligases. T4 ATP-dependent DNA ligase shows no detectable mismatch ligation at the 3' side of the nick but substantial 5' T/G mismatch ligation on an RNA template. In contrast, MsEPV ligase joins mismatches at the 3' side of the nick more frequently than at the 5' side of the nick on an RNA template. The complementary specificities of these two enzymes suggest alternative primer design for genomic profiling approaches that use allele-specific detection directly from RNA transcripts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, S Carolina Expt Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Cornell Univ, Joan & Sanford I Weill Med Coll, Hearst Microbiol Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Cao, WG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Genet Biochem & Life Sci Studies, S Carolina Expt Stn, Room 219,Biosyst Res Complex,51 New Cherry St, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM wgc@clemson.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81467, CA 65930]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 067744] NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 1701 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.06.008 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 853BI UT WOS:000223800700004 PM 15450174 ER PT J AU Meixner, T Fenn, M AF Meixner, T Fenn, M TI Biogeochemical budgets in a Mediterranean catchment with high rates of atmospheric N deposition - importance of scale and temporal asynchrony SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE catchment; forested ecosystems; hydrology; Mediterranean climate; nitrogen deposition; semi-arid ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN SATURATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE-WATER; NITRIC-OXIDE; STREAM CHANNEL; SIERRA-NEVADA; RIPARIAN ZONE AB In this study biogeochemical export in a set of catchments that vary from 6 ha to almost 1500 ha is investigated. Studying catchments across this large range of scales enables us to investigate the scale dependence and fundamental processes controlling catchment biogeochemical export that would not have been possible with a more limited data set. The Devil Canyon catchment, in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, has some of the highest atmospheric N deposition rates in the world (40-90 kg ha-(1) year(-1) at the crest of the catchment). These high rates of deposition have translated into consistently high levels of NO $((3)) over bar $ in some streams of the San Bernardino Mountains. However, the streams of the Devil Canyon catchment have widely varying dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and export. These differences are also, to a more limited extent, present for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but not in other dissolved species (Cl-, SO2-/(4), Ca2+ and other weathering products). As catchment size increases DIN and DOC concentrations first increase until catchment area is similar to 150 ha but then decrease as catchment scale increases beyond that size. The scale dependence of DIN export implies that catchments at different spatial scales are at different degrees of N saturation. The reason for this scale effect appears to be the dominance of flushing of DIN out of soil at small scales due to the temporal asynchrony between nutrient availability and biological N demand, the ground-water extiltration of this flushed DIN at intermediate scales and the removal of this DIN from streamflow through in-stream processes and groundwater-surface water interaction at larger scales. While the particular scale effect observed here may not occur over the same range in catchment area in other ecosystems, it is likely that other ecosystems have similar scale dependant export for DIN and DOC. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Forest Fire Lab, SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Meixner, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Room 2208 Geol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM thomas.meixner@ucr.edu NR 64 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 331 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s10533-003-4106-3 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 890NW UT WOS:000226519100003 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP AF Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP TI Increased egg-laying in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) fed artificial diet supplemented with an embryonic cell line SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Orius insidiosus; fecundity; insect cell line; artificial diet; predator ID IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; HYMENOPTERA; HEMOLYMPH; INVITRO; GROWTH; PUPAE AB The insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), can be reared on an artificial diet absent of insect components, but yolk production is reduced and resultant rates of oviposition and egg production are poor. Supplementing the artificial diet with cells from an embryonic cell line, IPLB-(PiE) of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), enhanced oviposition rates. Ovipositional rates were evaluated using a short 7-day bioassay. Cells were separated from Grace's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, washed several times in Grace's medium alone, and then homogenized before they were incorporated into the diet. In addition to the cell-supplemented diet, several control diets were also tested: diet supplemented with Grace's medium alone, Grace's medium with fetal bovine serum, and conditioned Grace's medium (i.e., the medium the cells were cultured in). Adult predators were placed on the diets the third day after eclosion and allowed to feed for 6 days and provided with an oviposition substrate for 24 It. on day 7. Egg production was significantly increased only in the cell-supplemented diet, a similar result that occurred when cumulative egg production was recorded during the life span of the females. Oviposition increased incrementally with the increase in concentration of cells added to the diet and was significantly better than control diet at 0.25 ml homogenized cells/1.2 ml diet (1.123 x 10(5) cells, 31 mug protein) to 1.0 ml cells/1.2 ml diet (1.86 x 10(6) cells, 124 mug protein). Although the cell line enhanced the rate of oviposition at a relatively low concentration of protein, we do not know if the protein or some other nutritional components of the cells were responsible for the increased oviposition rate. The cell line may be used to directly supplement the described diet for O. insidiosus and/or serve as a source of material that could simplify purification and identification of the cell component(s) responsible for stimulating oviposition. Additionally, the 7-day bioassay may be used to expedite identification of active fractions during chemical analysis of the cell line. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM sferkovich@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.04.004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 844EH UT WOS:000223139700002 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP AF Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP TI Comparison of prey-derived and non-insect supplements on egg-laying of Orius insidiosus maintained on artificial diet as adults SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE predator; artificial diet; prey egg proteins; lipids; fatty acids; predator; egg production; non-insect proteins; nutrition; oviposition ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; DIAPETIMORPHA-INTROITA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENTATOMIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PREDATOR; ANTHOCORIDAE; INHIBITORS; QUALITY; PROTEIN AB The effects of proteins and lipids from insect- and non-insect sources on the oviposition rate of the insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) fed supplemented artificial diets were evaluated. Soluble proteins were isolated from Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) eggs, desalted by column chromatography, lyophilized, and tested as a diet supplement. A total lipid extract from P. interpunctella eggs was also evaluated as a diet supplement, and the three most abundant fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid) identified in the extract were tested as a combined supplement. Non-insect supplements evaluated in diet were bovine serum albumin, chicken liver, beef liver, and chicken egg albumin. O. insidiosus were fed the supplemented diets, whole P. interpunctella eggs, or unsupplemented artificial diet, and the mean total numbers of eggs oviposited per female were recorded throughout adult life. The Plodia egg proteins significantly increased egg production and mean number of oviposition days at concentrations of protein that were 83-, 5571 and 837-fold lower than the concentrations needed for beef liver, bovine serum albumin, and chicken egg albumin, respectively. We conclude that soluble proteins from P. interpunctella eggs provided superior nutritional value for reproduction in female O. insidiosus. Additional information is required to explain the higher specific activity of soluble egg proteins compared to the specific activities of the non-insect proteins. However, we speculate that the quality of egg proteins or of an unknown substance bound to the proteins may be important for reproduction in this predator. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM sferkovich@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 55 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 844EH UT WOS:000223139700007 ER PT J AU Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ AF Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ TI Pecan shell-based granular activated carbon for treatment of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in municipal wastewater SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granular activated carbons; pecan shell; chemical oxygen demand; municipal wastewater ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION; GEOSMIN; METALS; NUTSHELLS AB The present investigation was undertaken to compare the adsorption efficiency of pecan shell-based granular activated carbon with the adsorption efficiency of the commercial carbon Filtrasorb 200 with respect to uptake of the organic components responsible for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of municipal wastewater. Adsorption efficiencies for these two sets of carbons (experimental and commercial) were analyzed by the Freundlich adsorption model. The results indicate that steam-activated and acid-activated pecan shell-based carbons had higher adsorption for organic matter measured as COD, than carbon dioxide-activated pecan shell-based carbon or Filtrasorb 200 at all the carbon dosages used during the experiment. The higher adsorption may be related to surface area as the two carbons with the highest surface area also had the highest organic matter adsorption. These results show that granular activated carbons made from agricultural waste (pecan shells) can be used with greater effectiveness for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater than a coal-based commercial carbon. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Agr, Food Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rrao@agctr.lsu.edu RI Bansode, Rishipal/E-9293-2010 OI Bansode, Rishipal/0000-0001-7826-2711 NR 18 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.12.009 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 827QS UT WOS:000221916100004 PM 15158504 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW TI Aerial application model extension into the far field SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SPRAY DISPERSION MODEL; AIRCRAFT; AGDISP; DRIFT; FSCBG AB The addition of a Gaussian extension to the Lagrangian model developed in AGricultural DISPersion (AGDISP) enables the aerial application model to extend its prediction distance to 20 km downwind, a distance well beyond its validation distance of 800 m, with an approach whose restrictions and approximations are well understood and documented. This paper summarises the Gaussian model implemented here, and presents predictions of both models for the same aerial spray conditions. Transition between the two models, and possible far-field effects, are discussed, as well as potential uses of the extended aerial application model with respect to long-range risk assessment and large-scale aerial spray operations. (C) 2004 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. EM milt@continuum-dynamics.com; hthistle@fs.fed.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.06.010 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 856GW UT WOS:000224034700003 ER PT J AU Paulsen, MR Singh, M AF Paulsen, MR Singh, M TI Calibration of a near-infrared transmission grain analyser for extractable starch in maize SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CORN AB A calibration for extractable starch in maize was developed for the Foss Infratec 1229 near-infrared transmission (NIT) grain analyser. The calibration was based on over 2267 samples collected over five crop years from 1997 through 2001. Extractable starch in maize can be predicted using the Infratec 1229 NIT spectrophotometer with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.24, coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.79, and ratio of laboratory standard deviation to SEP (RPD) of 2.15 for a validation set using one elimination pass. With no elimination passes, 8 of 389 samples were not predicted well, giving an SEP of 1.34, R-2 of 0.80 and a RPD of 2.2. A small check sample set of ten had a better SEP of 1.06 but a poorer RPD. Regression coefficient peaks corresponded to some of the wavelengths known for starch-cellulose, water, and negative protein and oil absorption bands. (C) 2004 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Paulsen, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, 1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mpaulsen@uiuc.edu; singhm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.05.009 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 856GW UT WOS:000224034700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, HR Ye, H Haack, RA Langor, DW AF Zhang, HR Ye, H Haack, RA Langor, DW TI Biology of Pissodes yunnanensis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), a pest of Yunnan pine in southwestern China SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID STROBI PECK COLEOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; WEEVIL AB Pissodes yunnanensis Langor et Zhang, a pest of Yunnan pine, Pinus yunnanensis Franchet, in southwestern China, occurs at elevations of 2200-2800 m. These weevils infest Yunnan pine trees less than 20 years old but prefer trees 810 years old. Oviposition occurs mainly along the upper trunk on current-year and 1-year-old growth and occasionally on the upper lateral branches. Weevil feeding often kills the leader, which results in stem forking and crooking. At times, after 23 years of consecutive severe infestation, tree mortality occurs. In southwestern Yunnan Province, adults of this univoltine weevil emerge from infested stems from mid-April to mid-July. Eggs appear in late June, first-instar larvae in early July, and fourth-instar larvae in late March of the next year. First- and second-instar larvae feed in the phloem, and third-instar larvae move to the sapwood or pith, where they overwinter. In March, larvae resume feeding and development. Fourth-instar larvae excavate pupal chambers (chip cocoons) in the outer sapwood or pith, and pupation occurs from late March to late May. Optimal development of eggs and pupae occurs at 25 degreesC in the laboratory. Parasitism is the main cause of mortality in P. yunnanensis, accounting for 2%-25% of mortality among third- and fourth-instar larvae and 5%-10% among pupae. C1 Canadian Forestry Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Yunnan Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, HR (reprint author), Canadian Forestry Serv, No Forestry Ctr, 5320 122 St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. EM dlangor@nrcan.gc.ca NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 136 IS 5 BP 719 EP 726 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 860SP UT WOS:000224363800011 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Hargis, BM Porter, TE Caldwell, DY Oubre, CM Vandesande, F Berghman, LR AF Moore, RW Hargis, BM Porter, TE Caldwell, DY Oubre, CM Vandesande, F Berghman, LR TI Ovoinhibitor in the chicken bursa of Fabricius: identification, isolation, and localization SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ovoinhibitor; bursa of Fabricius; bursal secretory dendritic-like cell; monoclonal antibody; chicken (Leghorn) ID ANTI-STEROIDOGENIC PEPTIDE; HUMORAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; GRANULOSA-CELLS; INHIBITION; PORCINE; PROTEIN; BASP; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVITRO; ENZYMES AB A monoclonal antibody (Mab) developed against a partially purified bursal protein extract was found to bind specifically to a single cell type in the cortico-medullary border region of the chicken bursa of Fabricius. These cells were microscopically similar to the bursal secretory dendritic-like cells. A product with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 56 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was immunopurified from bursal extracts by utilizing this Mab. This product was subjected to peptide digestion and protein sequencing. The two resulting sequences perfectly matched the known sequence of chicken ovoinhibitor. Gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed for the ovoinhibitor, RNA was purified from chicken bursae, and reverse transcription/PCR was performed. Two amplicons with the expected size for ovoinhibitor mRNA were obtained. These data suggest that the gene for ovoinhibitor is expressed in the bursa of Fabricius, and that the bursal secretory dendritic-like cells may be a previously unreported source of ovoinhibitor. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Neuroendocrinol & Immunol Biotechnol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM rmoore@seprl.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 317 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s00441-004-0910-x PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 848JV UT WOS:000223464500003 PM 15252730 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, AD Johnson, GP TI Advanced conformational energy surfaces for cellobiose SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE C10H18O3; C12H14F8O3; C12H22O3; conformation; folding; helix; modeling; screw axis; shape; tetrahydropyran; twist ID PROPER BASIS-SET; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FORCE-FIELD; X-RAY; RELATIVE STABILITY; CELLULOSE-II; DISACCHARIDE; ALCOHOLS; ANALOGS; ETHERS AB Energy surfaces imply which molecular shapes are more likely and which are less likely. Therefore, they are valuable for assisting the understanding of the structures involved in biosynthesis and many practical post-harvest exploitations of cellulose. Although usually calculated with molecular mechanics, energy surfaces for the cellobiose fragment of cellulose can now be based on quantum mechanics. This paper presents three sets of energy surfaces. One set is for three analogs of cellobiose that lack hydroxyl groups, calculated based on geometries minimized at the HF/6-31G(d) or B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels. Larger basis sets were also used without further atomic movement. Predictions of experimental crystal structures of cellobiose and related compounds by these gas-phase analogs improved as the analog became sterically more like cellobiose. The second set of maps, for cellobiose itself, gave low HF energies for some experimental structures that had higher energies on the other sets of maps, but they were generally less predictive of the small molecule crystal structure shapes. Finally, AMBER*, a trial version of MM4, and a hybrid B3LYP/6-311+ +G(d,p)::MM3(96) method all gave similar results, increasing the promise of modeling. These analyses suggest that folding conformations depend on hydrogen bonding to overcome intrinsic strain, and that there may be intrinsic strain for 2-fold shapes in crystalline cellulose, with a maximum of about 1.0 kcal for each mole of cellobiose. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD SEP-DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 449 EP 462 DI 10.1023/B:CELL.0000046409.37326.b1 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 877LV UT WOS:000225573000017 ER PT J AU Xie, F Pearson, T Dowell, FE Zhang, NQ AF Xie, F Pearson, T Dowell, FE Zhang, NQ TI Detecting vitreous wheat kernels using reflectance and transmittance image analysis SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MACHINE VISION; DURUM-WHEAT; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NEURAL-NETWORK; CLASSIFICATION; MODELS AB The proportion of vitreous durum kernels in a sample is an important grading attribute in assessing the quality of durum wheat. The current standard method of determining wheat vitreousness is performed by visual inspection, which can be tedious and subjective. The objective of this study was to evaluate an automated machine-vision inspection system to detect wheat vitreousness using reflectance and transmittance images. Two subclasses of durum wheat were investigated in this study: hard and vitreous of amber color (HVAC) and not hard and vitreous of amber color (NHVAC). A total of 4,907 kernels in the calibration set and 4,407 kernels in the validation set were imaged using a Cervitec 1625 grain inspection system. Classification models were developed with stepwise discriminant analysis and an artificial neural network (ANN). A discriminant model correctly classified 94.9% of the HVAC and 91.0% of the NHVAC in the calibration set, and 92.4% of the HVAC and 92.7% of the NHVAC in the validation set. The classification results using the ANN were not as good as with the discriminant methods, but the ANN only used features from reflectance images. Among all the kernels, mottled kernels were the most difficult to classify. Both reflectance and transmittance images were helpful in classification. In conclusion, the Cervitec 1625 automated vision-based wheat quality inspection system may provide the grain industry with a rapid, objective, and accurate method to determine the vitreousness of durum wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tpearson@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 5 BP 594 EP 597 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.5.594 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853PY UT WOS:000223840700007 ER PT J AU Johnston, DB Singh, V AF Johnston, DB Singh, V TI Enzymatic milling of corn: Optimization of soaking, grinding, and enzyme incubation steps SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY; ENDOSPERM; FIBER; TIME; GERM AB Enzymatic milling is a modified wet-milling process that uses proteases to significantly reduce the total processing time during corn wet milling and eliminates the need for sulfur dioxide as a processing agent. To optimize the overall enzymatic milling procedure and minimize the amount of enzyme, a series of experiments were done to determine the best first grind parameters and the optimal enzyme additions. The yields for germ, germ quality, and starch recovery were used for evaluation of first grind and enzyme addition, respectively. The specific processing conditions evaluated were the soaking time and first grind parameters. After soaking and first grind optimization, enzyme concentration and pH determinations were evaluated using bromelain as an example. The first grind procedure was optimized by evaluating a combination of different soaking and grinding conditions followed by a fixed enzyme addition and incubation step. The pH profile of bromelain for enzymatic milling was evaluated for pH 3.5-6.5 and the optimum was determined to be pH 5.0. Enzyme addition was then evaluated using the optimized first grind conditions and bromelain additions with 0-1.9 g of enzyme (based on protein)/kg of corn. Results showed that the minimum addition of bromelain to reach starch yields equivalent to conventional yields were approximate to0.4 g of protein/kg of corn. This amount is significantly less than what was previously used and reported. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, AESB, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnston, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM djohnston@arserrc.gov NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 5 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.5.626 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853PY UT WOS:000223840700011 ER PT J AU Lee, S Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ AF Lee, S Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ TI Effect of nutrim oat bran and flaxseed on rheological properties of cakes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAYER CAKES; SYSTEMS; GELATINIZATION; QUALITY; BATTER; BAKING; SUGARS; STARCH; MODEL; WATER AB Cake shortening contents were replaced with Nutrim oat bran (OB) and flaxseed powder, and the effects of these substitutions on the physical and rheological properties of cakes were investigated. Cakes with shortening replaced up to 40% by weight possessed a volume similar to that of the control cake produced with shortening. Replacement using Nutrim OB and flaxseed powder revealed significant color changes in both the cake crust and crumb. At high levels of substitution, the cake crust became lighter, while the crumb darkened. At >40% by weight substitution with either Nutrim OB or flaxseed, the cakes displayed increased hardness; however, cohesiveness and springiness increased gradually with increasing substitution. Increased substitution with Nutrim OB caused an increase in the measured shear viscosity and oscillatory storage and loss moduli of the cakes. Increased substitution with flaxseed caused decreases in these rheological parameters. Additional rheological experiments were performed to elucidate changes in the formulations during the baking process and indicated an increase in the elasticity of the baked batter with decreasing shortening. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 28 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 5 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.5.637 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853PY UT WOS:000223840700013 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Hareland, GA AF Delwiche, SR Hareland, GA TI Detection of scab-damaged hard red spring wheat kernels by near-infrared reflectance SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; DEOXYNIVALENOL VOMITOXIN; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLOR CLASSIFICATION; COLUMN CLEANUP; MACHINE VISION; MYCOTOXINS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Scab (Fusarium head blight) is a fungal disease that has become increasingly prevalent in North American wheat during the past 15 years. It is of concern to growers, processors, and the consumers because of depressed yields, poor flour quality, and the potential for elevated concentrations of the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). Both wheat breeder and wheat inspector must currently deal with the assessment of scab in harvested wheat by manual human inspection. The study described herein examined the accuracy of a semi-automated wheat scab inspection system that is based on near-infrared (NIR) reflectance (1,0001,700 nm) of individual kernels. Using statistical classification techniques such as linear discriminant analysis and nonparametric (k-nearest-neighbor) classification, upper limits of accuracy for NIR-based classification schemes of approximate to 88% (cross-validation) and 97% (test) were determined. An exhaustive search of the most suitable wavelength pairs for the spectral difference, [log(1/R)(lambda1) - log(1/R)(lambda2)], revealed that the slope of the low-wavelength side of a broad carbohydrate absorption band (centered at approximate to 1,200 nm) was very effective at discriminating between healthy and scab-damaged kernels with test set accuracies of 95%. The achieved accuracy levels demonstrate the potential for the use of NIR spectroscopy in commercial sorting and inspection operations for wheat scab. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM delwiche@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.5.643 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853PY UT WOS:000223840700014 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Cao, TK AF Robertson, GH Cao, TK TI Proteins extracted by water or aqueous ethanol during refining of developed wheat dough to vital wheat gluten and crude starch as determined by capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRIED GROUND CORN; COLD-ETHANOL; OIL EXTRACTION; FLOUR PROTEINS; SEPARATION; DISPLACEMENT; SOLUBILITY; FRACTIONATION; RESPONSES; GLIADIN AB Fluids applied to large-sale, technical separation of wheat starch and protein also extract soluble proteins. The degree and rate of extraction and the specific components extracted depend on the flour, the flour hydration and development, the starch-displacing fluid composition, the temperature, and the mechanical processing method. This study sought to identify major extracted protein groups using high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) applied directly to fluids obtained during laboratory-scale technical separations. A dough-ball or compression separation method was applied using a Glutomatic system and a batter or dispersion method was applied using a a McDuffie mixer and Pharmasep vibratory separator. Process fluids were water at 22degreesC to model commercial practice and 70 vol% ethanol in water at -13degreesC to model the cold ethanol process being developed here. Data were referenced to use of 70 vol% ethanol in water at 22degreesC in the Glutomatic compression method. The dough processed by each method was developed by mixing to a separable state. When flooded with excess water, this dough immediately released starch and water-soluble or albumin proteins. When flooded with excess cold aqueous ethanol, neither the albumin nor gliadin proteins appeared in significant amounts until the bulk of the starch had been displaced, regardless of the mechanical method. Even with extraction and manipulation well beyond that necessary for starch displacement, the net amount of gliadin proteins dissolved was only approximate to10% of that available from wet developed dough using 70 vol% ethanol at 22degreesC. There was more gliadin protein in the fluids at earlier stages of processing when the batter dispersion method was applied using cold ethanol. The most common soluble proteins revealed in the electrophoresis patterns for the batter compression method using cold aqueous ethanol were initially albumins and later gamma-gliadins. Albumins not appearing as soluble in cold 70 vol% ethanol were found in the insoluble crude starch, suggesting their precipitation in the dough fluids during the change from free water to cold aqueous ethanol. These results establish that some protein is dissolved during starch displacement by cold aqueous ethanol, but that the amounts may be limited by control of the mechanical working of the dough in the presence of the displacing fluids. C1 USDA ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 81 IS 5 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2004.81.5.673 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 853PY UT WOS:000223840700019 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Smith, GE AF Kahlon, TS Smith, GE TI Health benefits of grains, fruits, and vegetables and the USDA food guide pyramid SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; DIETARY FIBER INTAKE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; WHOLE-GRAIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; FOLLOW-UP; OLDER WOMEN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 288 EP 291 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 857LX UT WOS:000224119300005 ER PT J AU Foglia, TA Jones, KC Nunez, A Phillips, JG Mittelbach, M AF Foglia, TA Jones, KC Nunez, A Phillips, JG Mittelbach, M TI Comparison of chromatographic methods for the determination of bound glycerol in biodiesel SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography-APCI mass spectrometry; column liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection; biodiesel; glycerol ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSESTERIFIED VEGETABLE-OILS; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL-ESTERS; ALKYL ESTERS; RAPESEED OIL; FUEL; SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATION; QUALITY AB An important fuel criterion for biodiesel is bound glycerol, which is a function of the residual amount of triglycerides and partial glycerides in the biodiesel. Either high-temperature gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography can be used for determining these minor but important components in biodiesel. In this paper we have conducted a statistical study on the accuracy of the two methods for ascertaining the bound glycerol in biodiesel fuels obtained from different feedstocks. Analysis of variance showed that with one exception, namely diacylglycerols in some soy oil based biodiesel, there was no statistical difference in bound glycerol for the biodiesel samples analyzed or a difference between methods. Operationally, the high performance liquid chromatographic method is superior to the high temperature gas chromatographic method in that it requires no sample derivatization, has shorter analysis times, and is directly applicable to most biodiesel fuels. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tfoglia@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 IS 5-6 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1365/s10337-004-0372-z PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 857FG UT WOS:000224101000010 ER PT J AU Darwin, R AF Darwin, R TI Effects of greenhouse gas emissions on world agriculture, food consumption, and economic welfare SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE PROJECTIONS; AIR-TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS; TRANSIENT-RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; IMPACT; CO2; UNCERTAINTY; DIOXIDE AB Because of many uncertainties, quantitative estimates of agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are often given low confidence. A major source of uncertainty is our inability to accurately project future changes in economic activity, emissions, and climate. This paper focuses on two issues. First, to what extent do variable projections of climate generate uncertainty in agriculturally related economic impacts? Second, to what extent do agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions depend on economic conditions at the time of impacts? Results indicate that uncertainty due to variable projections of climate is fairly large for most of the economic effects evaluated in this analysis. Results also indicate that economic conditions at the time of impact influence the direction and size of as well as the confidence in the economic effects of identical projections of greenhouse gas impacts. The economic variable that behaves most consistently in this analysis is world crop production. Increases in mean global temperature, for example, cause world crop production to decrease on average under both 1990 and improved economic conditions and in both instances the confidence with respect to variable projections of climate is medium (e.g., 67%) or greater. In addition and as expected, CO2 fertilization causes world crop production to increase on average under 1990 and improved economic conditions. These results suggest that crop production may be a fairly robust indicator of the potential impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. A somewhat unexpected finding is that improved economic conditions are not necessarily a panacea to potential greenhouse-gas-induced damages, particularly at the region level. In fact, in some regions, impacts of climate change or CO2 fertilization that are beneficial under current economic conditions may be detrimental under improved economic conditions (relative to the new economic base). Australia plus New Zealand suffer from this effect in this analysis because under improved economic conditions they are assumed to obtain a relatively large share of income from agricultural exports. When the climate-change and CO2-fertilization scenarios in this analysis are also included, agricultural exports from Australia plus New Zealand decline on average. The resultant declines in agricultural income in Australia plus New Zealand are too large to be completely offset by rising incomes in other sectors. This indicates that regions that rely on agricultural exports for relatively large shares of their income may be vulnerable not only to direct climate-induced agricultural damages, but also to positive impacts induced by greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Darwin, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room 4180, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rdarwin@ers.usda.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 238 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000043138.67784.27 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857PN UT WOS:000224130900014 ER PT J AU Chen, CC McCarl, BA Schimmelpfennig, DE AF Chen, CC McCarl, BA Schimmelpfennig, DE TI Yield variability as influenced by climate: A statistical investigation SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID UNIT-ROOT; RISK; UNCERTAINTY; AGRICULTURE; MODEL; ECONOMETRICS; DISTURBANCES; TEMPERATURE AB One of the issues with respect to climate change involves its influence on the distribution of future crop yields. Many studies have been done regarding the effect on the mean of such distributions but few have addressed the effect on variance. Furthermore, those that have been done generally report the variance from crop simulators, not from observations. This paper examines the potential effects of climate change on crop yield variance in the context of current observed yields and then extrapolates to the effects under projected climate change. In particular, maximum likelihood panel data estimates of the impacts of climate on year-to-year yield variability are constructed for the major U. S. agricultural crops. The panel data technique used embodies a variance estimate developed along the lines of the stochastic production function approach suggested by Just and Pope. The estimation results indicate that changes in climate modify crop yield levels and variances in a crop-specific fashion. For sorghum, rainfall and temperature increases are found to increase yield level and variability. On the other hand, precipitation and temperature are individually found to have opposite effects on corn yield levels and variability. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Econ, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, CC (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Econ, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. EM mayjune@nchu.edu.tw; mccarl@tamu.edu; des@ers.usda.gov RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 261 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000043159.33816.e5 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857PN UT WOS:000224130900015 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Bannantine, JP Whipple, DL Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Bannantine, JP Whipple, DL Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP TI Antigen recognition by serum antibodies in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TUBERCULOSIS; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA; ARABINOMANNAN; SERODIAGNOSIS AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have emerged as reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis in northern America. For tuberculosis surveillance of deer, antibody-based assays are particularly attractive because deer are handled only once and immediate processing of the sample is not required. Sera collected sequentially from 25 Mycobacterium bovis-infected and 7 noninfected deer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for immunoglobulin specific to M. bovis antigens. Various routes of experimental M. bovis infection, such as intratonsillar inoculation (n = 11), aerosol (n = 6), and exposure to infected deer (in contact, n = 8), were studied. Upon infection, specific bands of reactivity at similar to24 to 26 kDa, similar to33 kDa, similar to42 kDa, and similar to75 kDa to M. bovis whole-cell sonicate were detected by immunoblot. Lipoarabinomannan-specific immunoglobulin was detected as early as 36 days postchallenge, and responses were detected for 94% of intratonsillarly and "in-contact"- infected deer. In MAPIA, sera were tested with 12 native and recombinant antigens coated on nitrocellulose. All in-contact-infected (8 of 8) and 10 of 11 intratonsillarly infected deer produced antibody reactive with one or more of the recombinant/native antigens. Responses were boosted by injection of tuberculin for intradermal tuberculin skin testing. Additionally, three of six deer receiving a very low dose of M. bovis via aerosol exposure produced antibody specific to one or more recombinant proteins. M. bovis was isolated from one of three nonresponding aerosol-challenged deer. Of the 12 antigens tested, the most immunodominant protein was MPB83; however, a highly sensitive serodiagnostic test will likely require use of multiple antigens. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY USA. Vet Sci Div, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 849 EP 855 DI 10.1128/CDLI.11.5.849-855.2004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 856LJ UT WOS:000224046400005 PM 15358642 ER PT J AU Engstrom, JD Butler, JK Smith, SG Baxter, LL Fletcher, TH Weise, DR AF Engstrom, JD Butler, JK Smith, SG Baxter, LL Fletcher, TH Weise, DR TI Ignition behavior of live California chaparral leaves SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wildland fires; ignition ID FOREST FUELS AB Current forest fire models are largely empirical correlations based on data from beds of dead vegetation. Improvement in model capabilities is sought by developing models of the combustion of live fuels. A facility was developed to determine the combustion behavior of small samples of live fuels, consisting of a flat-flame burner on a moveable platform. Qualitative and quantitative combustion data are presented for representative samples of California chaparral: manzanita (Arctostaplylos parryana); oak (Quercus berberidifolia); ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), and chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum). Times to ignition were significantly influenced by shape effects, whereas ignition temperature was more dependent on chemical composition. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Fletcher, TH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_fletcher@byu.edu RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 176 IS 9 BP 1577 EP + DI 10.1080/00102200490474278 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 848OF UT WOS:000223476300008 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Properties of termite mound soils and responses of rice and bean to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization on such soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cation saturation; aluminum saturation; grain yield; soil chemical properties ID NORTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; ISOPTERA; SAVANNA; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; FERTILITY; FOREST AB Termite mounds are very common in Oxisols of Cerrado region of Brazil where land is either under forest or long term pasture. The objective of this study was to characterize textural and chemical properties of soils derived from these termite mounds and to determine the growth response of rice and common bean to soil applied nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. Soil samples were collected from 20 termite mounds located on the experimental station farm Capivara of National Rice and Bean Research Center, Santo Antonio de Goias, Brazil. Average value of clay content was 354 g kg(-1), silt was 217 g kg(-1), and sand was 429 g kg(-1). Average soil pH was 5.7, P was 3.2 mg dm(-3), K was 150 mg dm(-3), and organic matter content was 32 g dm(-3). Average cation contents (mmol dm(-3)) for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and Al+H were 36, 18, 1.7, and 78, respectively. Average micronutrient contents (mg dm(-3)) for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were 2.8, 3.2, 135, and 78, respectively. Average cation saturation was 45%, Al saturation 2.8%, Ca/K ratio 10.7, Ca/Mg ratio 2.1, and Mg/K ratio 5.1. On average, soil fertility of termite mounds was higher than that of the Oxisols soils surrounding the mound. Upland rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Maravilha) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Perola) grown on a representative termite mound soil responded significantly to applied N and P. However, with the exception of grain yield of common bean, these crops did not respond to K fertilization. C1 EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20250 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. EM fageria@cnpaf.embrapa.br NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 15-16 BP 2097 EP 2109 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200028919 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 864ZW UT WOS:000224672900002 ER PT J AU Fischer, JB Miller, JH AF Fischer, JB Miller, JH TI Ion chromatography as an alternative to standard methods for analysis of macro-nutrients in Mehlich 1 extracts of unfertilized forest soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ion chromatography; soil; forest; analysis; Mehlich 1; K; Ca; Mg; p; colorimetry; ICP; atomic absorption; macro-nutrients ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; WATER EXTRACTS; SANDY SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; SORPTION; SULFATE; ANIONS AB This study evaluates ion chromatography (IC) as an alternative to atomic absorption (AA) and inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) for analysis of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and as an alternative to antimonylmolybdate colorimetry and ICP for analysis of phosphorus (P) macro-nutrients in Mehlich 1 extracts. Soils typical of pine forests in the southeastern United States were tested. IC correlates well with AA and ICP for K and Ca, but not for Mg, unless conditions are chosen that resolve Mg from manganese (Mn). IC does not correlate very well with colorimetry for P at extract levels below 2 mg kg(-1) or in extracts with high levels of dissolved organic matter complexes of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe). ICP results for P exceed both IC and colorimetry by 3-5 mg kg(-1) for all soils tested. The merits of IC relative to AA, ICP, and colorimetry for forest soil testing are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fischer, JB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jfischer0l@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 15-16 BP 2191 EP 2208 DI 10.1081/LCSS-200029102 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 864ZW UT WOS:000224672900009 ER PT J AU Millner, PD Ringer, CE Maas, JL AF Millner, PD Ringer, CE Maas, JL TI Suppression of strawberry root disease with animal manure composts SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID DAMPING-OFF; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; PLANT-DISEASES; METHYL-BROMIDE; PINE BARK; MICROORGANISMS; PATHOGENS; BIOCONTROL; ROT AB Compost has been suggested as a nonchemical alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for control of root diseases. Its widespread availability and soil improvement properties are appealing to growers, but they need information on its use and effectiveness relative to the control of economically important root diseases in specific crops. Here, we report results from controlled-environment pot studies on the effects of manure composts on two major soilborne diseases of strawberry: red stele (RS) caused by Phythophthora fragariae, and black root rot (BRR), caused by a complex of fungi. Commercially available, on-farm-produced composts, based on either poultry/steer or dairy manure, were incorporated into two different, naturally infested soils at 5, 10, and 20% rates (v/v). Results show that significant control (36-79%) of RS in susceptible cultivar 'Chandler' occurred at all rates and with both types of compost in comparison with the unamended soil. Low rates (5%) of poultry/steer manure compost produced more disease control than equivalent or greater rates (10% and 20%) of dairy manure compost. However, the 20% rate had significantly greater soluble salts content than all other rates. At this 20% rate, root/shoot biomass accumulation and shoot health ratings were relatively low and equivalent to those from unamended soil, despite the improved content of soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and soil micronutrient content. The 5% amendment rate of poultry/steer manure compost provided more control than the 10% or 20% rates and more than the 5-20% rates of dairy manure compost. Soluble salts content in amended soils was significantly greater than in unamended soils, especially at 20% rates of poultry/steer compost. Leaf N from all treatments was deficient despite additional weekly supplemental fertilization. This deficiency coupled with increased soluble salt content at 20% poultry/steer compost amendments likely contributed to reduced root/shoot biomass accumulation and overall reduced plant vigor, thus increasing plant susceptibility to disease. In contrast to RS, BRR in all compost treatments was moderate in intensity and equivalent to the unamended soil, with slight but insignificant control at 5 and 10% rates of poultry/steer compost. Overall effects of the two manure compost amendments on BRR were inconclusive because no treatments, including the soil only, exhibited roots with extensive disease symptoms, despite cultural evidence of BRR pathogen colonization, especially by Rhizoctonia fragariae, during the course of this pot study. Effects of compost on appearance of BRR in strawberry should be pursued over a significantly longer time period than used here, possibly in field plots located on naturally infested soils subject to environmental stressors and seasonally realistic fertilization rates, because major BRR symptoms do not appear in the short-term even when fungal pathogens are present in the root. C1 USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 298 EP 307 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 878VQ UT WOS:000225675700002 ER PT J AU Barriere, Y Ralph, J Mechin, V Guillaumie, S Grabber, JH Argillier, O Chabbert, B Lapierre, C AF Barriere, Y Ralph, J Mechin, V Guillaumie, S Grabber, JH Argillier, O Chabbert, B Lapierre, C TI Genetic and molecular basis of grass cell wall biosynthesis and degradability. II. Lessons from brown-midrib mutants SO COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES LA English DT Review DE maize; grass; lignin; cell wall; brown-midrib; ferulic acid; degradability ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; SYRINGYL LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; CAFFEOYL COENZYME-A; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; CONIFERYL ALDEHYDE; DOWN-REGULATION AB The brown-midrib mutants of maize have a reddish-brown pigmentation of the leaf midrib and stalk pith, associated with lignified tissues. These mutants progressively became models for lignification genetics and biochemical studies in maize and grasses. Comparisons at silage maturity of bm1, bm2, bm3, bm4 plants highlighted their reduced lignin, but also illustrated the biochemical specificities of each mutant in p-coumarate, ferulate ester and etherified ferulate content, or syringyl/guaiacyl monomer ratio after thioacidolysis. Based on the current knowledge of the lignin pathway, and based on presently developed data and discussions, C3H and CCoAOMT activities are probably major hubs in controlling cell-wall lignification (and digestibility). It is also likely that ferulates arise via the CCoAOMT pathway. (C) 2004 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Unite Genet & Ameliorat Plantes Fourrageres, INRA, F-86600 Lusignan, France. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INRA, Inst Natl Agron, Unite Chim Biol, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. INRA, UMR FARE, F-51686 Reims, France. RP Barriere, Y (reprint author), Unite Genet & Ameliorat Plantes Fourrageres, INRA, F-86600 Lusignan, France. EM barriere@lusignan.inra.fr RI chabbert, brigitte/A-3438-2009 NR 111 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0691 EI 1768-3238 J9 CR BIOL JI C. R. Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 327 IS 9-10 BP 847 EP 860 DI 10.1016/j.crvi.2004.05.010 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 874MT UT WOS:000225355200010 PM 15587076 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Hess, DE Hanna, WW Kumar, KA Gupta, SC AF Wilson, JP Hess, DE Hanna, WW Kumar, KA Gupta, SC TI Pennisetum glaucum subsp monodii accessions with Striga resistance in West Africa SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE downy mildew; host resistance; pearl millet; Pennisetum glauctum; striga; Striga hermonthica; Sclerospora graminicola ID HERMONTHICA; SORGHUM; POPULATIONS; GROWTH AB Wild pearl millets (Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii) were evaluated as potential sources of resistance to the hemi-parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. Resistance of 274 P. glaucum subsp. monodii accessions was evaluated in four trials in Mali and Niger from 1997 to 1998. Seventy five accessions were selected from that collection for evaluation in three additional trials in Niger and Nigeria in 2000. Data were collected for maximum number of emerged striga per host plant, days to striga emergence, downy mildew incidence (caused by Sclerospora graminicola), and days to host flowering. Across the seven trials, maximum striga scores ranged from 0.2 (Sadore Niger field trial in 2000) to 14.9 (Sadore pot trial in 2000) striga, per plant. Maximum striga scores for the 75 selected accessions averaged over all locations ranged from 0.8 to 8.8 striga per plant. Regression analyses of accession mean within a trial vs. trial mean identified 11 accessions with consistently low striga emergence (intercepts and slopes were not different from zero, P > 0.05) over all trials. Covariance analysis indicated that days to striga emergence, downy mildew incidence, and days to host flowering were significant (P < 0.01) covariates with maximum striga. When significant relationships existed, striga emergence was negatively correlated with days to striga emergence and downy mildew incidence. Nine accessions were classified as resistant (mean striga = 0, P > 0.05) by least-squares means calculated from covariance analysis. Four accessions (PS 202, PS 637, PS 639, and PS 727) were classified as resistant by both regression and covariance analyses, and are likely to be useful sources of striga resistance for cultivated pearl millet in West Africa. In addition to its striga resistance, PS 202 also expressed downy mildew resistance at all locations (mean incidence = 0.8%), whereas the other three accessions were susceptible, with incidence > 83%. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Pantangar Univ, Pantnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jwilson@tifton.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2004.01.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 842XH UT WOS:000223037400013 ER PT J AU Van Becelaere, G Miller, JF AF Van Becelaere, G Miller, JF TI Combining ability for resistance to Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Sclerotinia head rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a major disease in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The development of hybrids with adequate genetic resistance is necessary to reduce yield losses caused by this disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of a set of female and male oilseed sunflower inbred lines in hybrid combinations for resistance to Sclerotinia head rot. Six female and six male lines were crossed in a factorial mating design. The hybrids were planted in three U.S. environments and in Argentina. Plants were inoculated with a suspension containing 5000 ascospores per milliliter. Sclerotinia head rot disease incidence was measured as percentage of plants attacked on a plot basis. The GCA effects accounted for a greater proportion of the treatment sum of squares than the SCA effects, suggesting that additive gene effects were relatively more important than nonadditive gene effects in the phenotypic expression of resistance to Sclerotinia head rot. The importance of additive gene effects suggests that selection could start at the inbred line development stage. However, hybrids should also be tested since nonadditive gene effects were significant in the individual environments and certain hybrid combinations showed higher or lower disease incidence than would be expected based on the average performance of their parents. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Plant Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1542 EP 1545 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200005 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, C Brown, JS AF Cervantes-Martinez, C Brown, JS TI A haplotype-based method for QTL mapping of F-1 populations in outbred plant species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGNS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; MODEL APPROACH; MARKER LOCUS; CROSSES; VALUES; CATTLE; POWER AB The integration of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis into breeding strategies rather than being seen as separated processes has been proposed to increase the power and accuracy of QTL detection and to allow the two activities to be joined. The main objective of this research is to develop a specific scheme for mapping QTL in actual breeding F-1 populations of outbred plant species with a high degree of accuracy. The proposed method groups populations by common founders and statistically associates founder-origin probabilities that trace the common founder haplotypes in a given region of the progeny genome with the phenotypic expression, using a linear model with a structured covariance matrix. The method was applied to computer simulated data sets, corresponding to five F-1 populations of 100 individuals each obtained from the crosses of a common founder with several other founders. We are currently using this scheme with cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) crosses, using selected clones resistant to specific diseases to widen the genetic base of disease resistance. The results indicate that the position and effect of QTLs in the common founder, that explain each at least 14% of the phenotypic variance, can be estimated with good precision and accuracy. The theoretical assumptions on which this approach was developed render the method appropriate for outbred plant species that are highly heterozygous, which is often the case in tropical tree crops like cocoa, and have phenotypic traits that show few interlocus interaction effects. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM miajb@ars-grin.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1572 EP 1583 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200009 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Hauf, DC Henson, RA Grafton, KF AF Miklas, PN Hauf, DC Henson, RA Grafton, KF TI Inheritance of ICA bunsi-derived resistance to white mold in a navy X pinto bean cross SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; DRY BEANS; QTL; POPULATIONS; DISEASE; YIELD; AVOIDANCE; SELECTION AB Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of cool subtropical and temperate origins are extremely susceptible to white mold disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Breeding pinto beans with resistance to white mold is difficult because of the paucity of resistant germplasm in a closely related background. White mold resistant 'ICA Bunsi', a small white navy bean, is from the same Middle American gene pool, but it is of warm tropical origin and needs to be exploited in pinto bean improvement. Our objectives were to determine inheritance of ICA Bunsi-derived resistance in a cross with pinto bean, determine association of the resistance with disease avoidance, and identify white mold resistant pinto beans. White mold reactions of 85 F-5:8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from the cross 'Aztec'/ND88-106-04 were characterized in the field in North Dakota and Washington in 2001 and 2002. Aztec pinto is susceptible to white mold, and ND88-106-04 navy bean has partial resistance derived from ICA Bunsi. Disease severity score (1 = no disease to 9 = completely susceptible), yield, and disease avoidance traits were measured. Disease severity for Aztec and ND88-106-04 across environments was 6.9 and 2.5, respectively, compared with 4.6 for ICA Bunsi. Reduced lodging and late maturity enhanced disease avoidance. The RILs with stay-green stem at harvest, similar to ND88-106-04, also exhibited less disease. Normal distribution and moderate heritability (H-ns = 56 and 36% for WA and ND environments, respectively) for disease score indicated resistance was influenced by environment and likely conditioned by genes with small effects. Nonetheless, white mold resistance was present in a few RILs with high yield potential and pinto seed type. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Carrington Res Extens Ctr, Carrington, ND 58421 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1584 EP 1588 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200010 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Barker, RE Cherney, JH Papadopolous, YA AF Casler, MD Barker, RE Cherney, JH Papadopolous, YA TI Stability of nonflowering orchardgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L; GENETIC PROGRESS; MANAGEMENT; GRASSES AB Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a valuable pasture species in much of temperate humid North America. However, profuse and early flowering in spring creates management problems for graziers and reduces intake of livestock in a management-intensive rotational grazing system. The objectives of this study were to estimate environmental stability, genotypic variability, and frequency of nonflowering and sparse-flowering plants in two sparse-flowering orchardgrass populations. Seven cultivars and 299 half-sib families were evaluated for 2 yr at five locations between 42degrees and 47degreesN latitude. Sparse-flowering populations WO-SF-B and WO-SF-C were later in maturity, produced fewer panicles per plant, and had higher frequencies of sparse-flowering and nonflowering plants than the cultivars. Plants had varying levels of expression of the nonflowering trait, ranging from slightly sensitive (sparse flowering in one year) to highly sensitive (stable nonflowering across years), with highly sensitive plants found only within populations WO-SF-B and WO-SF-C. The nonflowering trait of orchardgrass appears to be controlled by floral-regulation genes that are turned off by short-day temperatures below a critical threshold. Such a threshold appears to exist for all orchardgrass plants, but is increased in those plants expressing the nonflowering trait. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Crops & Livestock Res Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1601 EP 1607 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200013 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Morris, DR Daroub, SH AF Glaz, B Morris, DR Daroub, SH TI Sugarcane photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance due to flooding and water table SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA; AFTERNOON INHIBITION; STRESS; LEAVES; MAIZE AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the primary crop on the Histosols of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), where periodic floods and undesirably high water tables are increasing in occurrence and duration. Improved understanding of the physiologic responses of sugarcane to these conditions could help develop strategies to sustain high yields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodic flooding followed by drainage to different depths on singleleaf net photosynthetic rate (Ps), transpiration (Ts), and stomatal conductance (SC) of sugarcane. In 2000 and 2001, two sugarcane genotypes were planted as split plots in 12 lysimeters filled with Pahokee muck soil. Responses of Ps, Ts, and SC to four water-table treatments were measured for four 21-d cycles each year. Three treatments consisted of 7-d flooding followed by 14-d drainage to depths of 16, 33, or 50 cm. The fourth treatment was a continuous 50-cm water table. Analyses of individual cycles and analyses repeated over cycles generally identified neutral or positive responses of Ps, Ts, or SC to flood. Drained water-table depth did not consistently affect Ps, Ts, or SC, but when differences occurred, 16 cm was often a favorable drainage depth. These neutral and sometimes positive responses to short-duration flood or long-duration high water tables support previous reports of acceptable and sometimes enhanced yields from sugarcane exposed to high water tables. Previous findings were supported that time of formation of stalk aerenchyma in sugarcane may be a key factor for sustaining high yields after exposure to flood. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy,441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1641 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200017 ER PT J AU Kemanian, AR Stockle, CO Huggins, DR AF Kemanian, AR Stockle, CO Huggins, DR TI Variability of barley radiation-use efficiency SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; WINTER-WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; STOMATAL RESPONSES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPRING WHEAT AB Radiation-use efficiency (e) is a crop-dependent coefficient widely used in crop simulation models and in the physiological interpretation of crop response to the environment and management practices. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the e of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), (ii) analyze the impact of weather variables and fraction of solar irradiance intercepted (f(i)) on e, and (iii) compare reported estimates of e for barley and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with our measurements for barley. Field experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at Pullman, WA. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of two cultivars of spring barley (Baronesse and Steptoe), two seeding densities (250 and 100 plants m(-2)), and two seeding dates (normal and late). Intercepted radiation was measured with tube solarimeters installed below the canopy during the crops life cycle and aboveground biomass obtained from weekly to biweekly samples. The extinction coefficient for solar radiation of both cultivars was 0.43, with no effect of seeding date and density. Cultivar, plant density, and f(i) did not affect e; however, e at the normal seeding date was greater than at the late seeding date in both years (1.15 and 1.19 g MJ(-1), first seeding date, and 0.90 and 0.95 g MJ(-1), second seeding date, Years 2000 and 2001, respectively, P < 0.01). These variations were correlated with daytime vapor pressure deficit (D). The e of barley and wheat reported in the literature and those obtained in this study were linearly related to D (kPa): e = 1.88 - 0.53D (r(2) = 0.70, n = 22). Maximum values of e reported for barley and wheat are near 1.6 g MJ(-1), but our analysis suggests that these high values can only be achieved in low D environments. The effect of the evaporative demand of the atmosphere should be considered in the interpretation of measured e or in the use of e in crop simulation models. C1 Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kemanian, AR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM armen@wsunix.wsu.edu NR 55 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1672 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200020 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Matheny, TA Busscher, WJ AF Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Matheny, TA Busscher, WJ TI Crop yield and nitrogen accumulation response to tillage of a coastal plain soil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; UNITED-STATES; DEEP TILLAGE; WATER; CONSERVATION; SURFACE; WHEAT AB Delineation of the benefit derived from either surface or subsoil tillage is important for the advancement of soil-conserving crop production systems in the Coastal Plain. The objective of this experiment was to measure the impact of surface and subsoil tillage of a sandy Coastal Plain soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) on grain yield and nitrogen accumulation for a 2-yr rotation of corn (Zea mays) and wheat-double-cropped soybean {(Triticum aestivum L.) and [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]}. Soils of the experimental plots initially possessed different surface residue and organic matter characteristics because they had received in-row subsoiling with either surface-disking tillage or no surface tillage for the previous 18-consecutive years. The current experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2001, which was an exceptionally dry period. Thus, results of this experiment provide insight into how these cropping and tillage treatments performed during one of the driest 5-yr periods of the last half century. In each year, both phases of the crop rotation were grown in plots with the following tillage treatments: (i) neither surface nor subsoil tillage, (ii) paratill subsoiling without surface tillage, (iii) surface tillage without subsoiling, and (iv) both surface tillage and paratill subsoiling. Soybean was not significantly affected by any tillage treatment. With subsoiling, corn grain yields (4-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (4.98 and 4.92 Mg ha(-1), respectively). Without subsoiling, corn yields were higher with no surface tillage (4.24 Mg ha(-1)) than with surface-disking tillage (3.51 Mg ha(-1)). Likewise, with subsoiling, wheat grain yields (5-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (3.12 and 3.24 Mg ha(-1), respectively). Without subsoiling, wheat grain yields were higher with no surface tillage (2.80 Mg ha(-1)) than with surface-disking tillage (2.59 Mg ha(-1)). Nitrogen accumulations in both shoot dry matter and grain generally followed the treatment responses of grain yield. Thus, during this dry period, surface no-till and the associated accumulation of organic matter could only somewhat compensate for the need to subsoil. With or without surface tillage, paratill subsoiling was very beneficial for corn and wheat yields. C1 USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1681 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200021 ER PT J AU Bonos, SA Casler, MD Meyer, WA AF Bonos, SA Casler, MD Meyer, WA TI Plant responses and characteristics associated with dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE TURF; SCLEROTINIA-HOMOEOCARPA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DISEASE; POPULATIONS; FUNGICIDES; NUTRITION; NITROGEN; MOISTURE; SILICON AB Dollar spot, incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett, is one of the most important diseases affecting creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) golf greens, fairways, and tees. Genetic resistance to dollar spot is a promising control strategy. A study was initiated to: (i) evaluate dollar spot resistance of 265 collections of creeping bentgrass in two locations; (ii) determine bentgrass clone stability of dollar spot resistance; and (iii) evaluate 10 resistant and susceptible clones for disease, turf, and leaf traits. The field experiments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with six and five clonally propagated replicates in each of two locations evaluated across 2 yr in North Brunswick, NJ. Five isolates of S. homoeocarpa were used to inoculate the field experiments. New Jersey fairway collections had the highest percentage of stable dollar spot resistant clones compared with Illinois fairway and New Jersey and New York golf green collections in this particular study. Resistant clones maintained a significantly higher turf density and percentage green turf cover and smaller dollar spot diameter sizes compared with susceptible clones. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bonos, SA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd,Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM bonos@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1763 EP 1769 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200031 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Belesky, DP AF Burner, DM Belesky, DP TI Diurnal effects on nutritive value of alley-cropped orchardgrass herbage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFINING COMPETITION VECTORS; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; FORAGE QUALITY; MIDWESTERN USA; WATER; SYSTEM; PREFERENCE; RESPONSES; RYEGRASS AB Nonstructural carbohydrates, crude protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) are important measures of herbage nutritive value and can vary at seasonal and diurnal time scales in conventional agronomic systems. Our objective was to determine diurnal trends of nutritive value components in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) herbage harvested daily on 1 through 15 June 2001 and 2002 from three microsites: unshaded control, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) alleys, and shortleaf pine ((P. echinata Mill.) alleys at three time intervals [0500, 1100, and 1700 h, Central Standard Time (CST)]}. Diurnal responses were defined as a regression response or change in mean (P less than or equal to 0.10) with time. Orchardgrass herbage exhibited temporal change in total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), starch, and IVDMD. At any given sampling time, TNC was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) in control than in pine microsites. Diurnal response of TNC differed among microsites (P = 0.10), with more rapid TNC change in the control and shortleaf pine than loblolly pine (P < 0.01). The differential response of TNC in pine microsites compared with the control was attributed to an altered amount and temporal distribution of solar irradiance. Diurnal responses of WSC, starch, and IVDMD were unaffected by microsite. Herbage levels of crude protein and IVDMD were greater, but yield and nonstructural carbohydrates were lower in pine microsites compared with the unshaded control. We conclude that diurnal change in herbage nutritive value tends to be buffered against irradiance constraints in alley crop environments. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1776 EP 1780 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200033 ER PT J AU Fjellstrom, R Conaway-Bormans, CA McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Shank, AR Park, WD AF Fjellstrom, R Conaway-Bormans, CA McClung, AM Marchetti, MA Shank, AR Park, WD TI Development of DNA markers suitable for marker assisted selection of three Pi genes conferring resistance to multiple Pyricularia grisea pathotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RICE BLAST; FIELD-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; REGISTRATION; TA; MAP; INHERITANCE; POPULATION; PI-TA(2) AB Rice blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., is a serious rice (Oryza sativa L.)disease causing considerable economic damage worldwide. DNA markers for rice blast resistance have been developed, but most are not suitable for routine use in a marker-assisted selection breeding program involving large numbers of progeny. After identifying candidate microsatellite markers from public database sources, we have mapped these markers near the blast resistance genes Pi-b, Pi-k, and Pi-ta(2) on rice chromosomes 2, 11, and 12, respectively, using segregation information from hundreds of progeny in several crosses. Two microsatellite markers, RM208 and RM224, were found to cosegregate with the Pi-b and Pi-k genes, respectively, while additional microsatellites were found to closely flank these two genes and the Pi-tal gene. The new markers are polymorphic in the narrow crosses characteristic of applied breeding programs and appear to be ideally suited for marker assisted selection for blast resistance in rice because of their tight linkage with resistance genes and ease of use through analysis of amplification products. A dominant marker indicating the presence of the Pi-b gene, Pibdom, has also been developed on the basis of the sequence of the cloned Pi-b gene. These markers should facilitate the introgression and pyramiding of these three blast resistance genes into new rice cultivars and elite lines. C1 USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Fjellstrom, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM r-fjellstrom@tamu.edu NR 47 TC 91 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1790 EP 1798 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200035 ER PT J AU Massa, AN Morris, CF Gill, BS AF Massa, AN Morris, CF Gill, BS TI Sequence diversity of puroindoline-a, puroindoline-b, and the grain softness protein genes in Aegilops tauschii coss SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID D-GENOME DONOR; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; HA LOCUS; HARDNESS; DNA; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Aegilops tauschii Coss. constitutes a valuable resource of genetic variability for improving cultivated bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Nucleotide sequence diversity was examined at the Hardness (Ha) locus, which bears the Puroindoline-a (Pina-D1) and Puroindoline-b (Pinb-D1) genes, and the closely related Gsp-D1 gene. A distinct signature of polymorphism and selection was evident in each of the three genes across loci for the 50 accessions of Ae. tauschii. Pinb-D1 was characterized by a high level of nucleotide diversity (pi = 0.02966; theta = 0.0166) relative to a low level of variation in the neighboring linked Pina-D1 and Gsp-D1 genes. Despite the close genetic and physical linkage among these three loci, recombination and linkage disequilibrium analyses detected at least two recombination events, most likely at the interlocus level. Tests for neutrality showed that polymorphism at Pina-D1 and Gsp-D1 did not depart from a drift-mutation model. Genetic variation at the Pinb-D1 locus was higher than expected under neutrality suggesting that selection might operate to maintain polymorphism at this locus. The sequence variation resolved here will help elucidate the kind of variation that may be important for the function of these genes as well as to identify novel Ae. tauschii genotypes that may be used to broaden the range in wheat endosperm, texture. Lastly, these results on sequence diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and recombination may help in the development of new Strategies for breeding purposes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 46 TC 52 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1808 EP 1816 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200037 ER PT J AU Ko, TS Nelson, RL Korban, SS AF Ko, TS Nelson, RL Korban, SS TI Screening multiple soybean cultivars (MG 00 to MG VIII) for somatic embryogenesis following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature cotyledons SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L. MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; PLANT-REGENERATION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; NODE TRANSFORMATION; SUSPENSION-CULTURE; TUMEFACIENS; ORIENTATION; GENOTYPE; TISSUE AB A total of 15 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars representing maturity groups 00 to VIII were assessed for their embryogenic and transformation potentials. All cultivars were identified as embryogenic under hygromycin selection following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature cotyledons. Histochemical beta-glueuronidase (GUS) assays of induced hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos (SEs) showed that 13 out of 15 cultivars were amenable for transformation. Wide variations among different genotypes were observed for their embryogenic capacity under hygromycin selection. Three cultivars, Cisne, Council, and Kunitz, were highly embryogenic yielding more than 50% responding explants and 1.5 to 2.4 hygromycin-resistant SEs per responding explant. The transformation potential of multiple soybean cultivars was highly correlated with the embryogenic potential of immature cotyledons under hygromycin selection. It was possible to distinguish between highly and poorly embryogenic genotypes by visually observing the phenotype of cultured immature cotyledons. For highly embryogenic cultivars, the induction of somatic embryos mainly originated from actively dedifferentiating and browning/necrotic tissues along the margins of the abaxial side of cultured cotyledons. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1825 EP 1831 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200039 ER PT J AU Satyavathi, VV Jauhar, PP Elias, EM Rao, MB AF Satyavathi, VV Jauhar, PP Elias, EM Rao, MB TI Effects of growth regulators on in vitro plant regeneration in durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTURED IMMATURE EMBRYOS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; ISOLATED SCUTELLA; CALLUS INDUCTION; RAPID PRODUCTION; VAR. DURUM; CULTIVARS AB Work on improvement of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) using tools of biotechnology is limited. Development of a reliable in vitro plant regeneration procedure for this important cereal is a prerequisite for its improvement by genetic transformation. Here, we report the effects of three growth regulators (GRs), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), on callus induction and plant regeneration from scutellum cultures of four commercial durum cultivars: Ben, Maier, Munich, and Lebsock. Callus induction was obtained from isolated scutella cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. After 4 wk of callus induction, all calli were plated on MS basal medium for regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were fertile, maintained the normal chromosome number (2n = 4x = 28) and structure as revealed by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), and showed no apparent somaclonal variation. Genotype and callus induction medium played a dominant role in plantlet regeneration. Dicamba proved the best GR for inducing compact callus and also gave the highest proportion (0.16) of regenerated plants across the four cultivars. Overall, Maier gave the highest proportion (0.27) of plantlet regeneration when dicamba at 2.0 mg L-1 concentration was used for initial callus induction. These results will facilitate genetic transformation work with durum wheat. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Stat, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 54 TC 20 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1846 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200041 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Smith, JR AF Heatherly, LG Smith, JR TI Effect of soybean stem growth habit on height and node number after beginning bloom in the midsouthern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION SYSTEM; YIELD; DETERMINATE; TERMINATION AB There are two broad types of stem growth habit in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]: indeterminate [generally maturity group (MG) IV and earlier] and determinate (generally MG V and later). Field studies of irrigated April and May plantings were conducted on Sharkey clay soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (lat. 33degrees26'N), to determine if current expectations for stem growth habit are valid in genetic backgrounds of indeterminate MG IV and determinate MG V cultivars that are used in the early soybean production system (ESPS) in the midsouthern USA. All cultivars increased height and node number between beginning bloom (RI) and stem termination (ST), but the increases were greater for MG IV cultivars. Height and node number were greater at R1 for MG V than for MG IV cultivars, and greater for MG IV cultivars at ST. Averaged across planting date and year, MG V cultivars increased height and node number after RI by 23 cm and 3.7 nodes, respectively. These results indicate that determinate MG V cultivars are capable of producing significant increases in height and node number after RI. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lheatherly@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1855 EP 1858 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200043 ER PT J AU Von Wettstein, D Cochran, JS Ullrich, SE Kannangara, CG Jitkov, VA Burns, J Reisenauer, PE Chen, X Jones, BL AF Von Wettstein, D Cochran, JS Ullrich, SE Kannangara, CG Jitkov, VA Burns, J Reisenauer, PE Chen, X Jones, BL TI Registration of 'Radiant' barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53505 USA. RP Von Wettstein, D (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM diter@wsu.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1859 EP 1860 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200044 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Temple, SR Chen, W AF Muehlbauer, FJ Temple, SR Chen, W TI Registration of 'Sierra' chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1864 EP 1864 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200049 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ TI Registration of 'Stirling' green dry pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmcphee@mail.wsu.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1868 EP 1869 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200055 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Tai, PYP Miller, JD Edme, S Gilbert, RA Davidson, J Dunckelman, J Comstock, JC AF Glaz, B Tai, PYP Miller, JD Edme, S Gilbert, RA Davidson, J Dunckelman, J Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 94-1340' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 34430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1869 EP 1869 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200056 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Miller, JD Glaz, B Edme, S Gilbert, RA Davidson, J Dunckelman, J Comstock, JC AF Tai, PYP Miller, JD Glaz, B Edme, S Gilbert, RA Davidson, J Dunckelman, J Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 94-1100' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 34430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 3340 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1869 EP 1870 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200057 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK DeMacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM AF Kidwell, KK DeMacon, VL Shelton, GB Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM TI Registration of 'Eden' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@mail.wsu.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1870 EP 1871 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200058 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Burns, JW Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM Bosque-Perez, NA AF Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Burns, JW Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, XM Bosque-Perez, NA TI Registration of 'Hollis' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@mail.wsu.edu NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1871 EP 1872 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200059 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA TI Registration of fish Creek bottlebrush squirreltail germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICEAE; TAXA C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1879 EP 1880 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200067 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA Carlson, JR AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Larson, SR Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Caicco, SL Ogle, DG Young, SA Carlson, JR TI Registration of Toe Jam Creek bottlebrush squirreltail germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICEAE C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Boise, ID 83709 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Crop Improvement Assoc, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, NRCS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tomjones@cc.usu.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1880 EP 1881 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200068 ER PT J AU Panella, L Hanson, LE AF Panella, L Hanson, LE TI Registration of FC710 (4X) tetraploid, multigerm sugarbeet germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; RESISTANCE; FIELD C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lpanella@lamar.colostate.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1886 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200074 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of CP03, CP04, CP05, and CP06 sugarbeet germplasms with resistance to powdery mildew, rhizomania, and other diseases SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Prod Res, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rlewellen@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1886 EP 1887 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200075 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Tan, AS Gulya, TJ AF Jan, CC Tan, AS Gulya, TJ TI Registration of four downy mildew resistant sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 State Univ Stn, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Aegean Agr Res Inst, TR-35661 Izmir, Turkey. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), State Univ Stn, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1887 EP 1887 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200076 ER PT J AU Jan, CC Quresh, Z Gulya, TJ AF Jan, CC Quresh, Z Gulya, TJ TI Registration of seven rust resistant sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 State Univ Stn, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. PODB, Inst Agr Res, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), State Univ Stn, USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM janc@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1887 EP 1888 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 850BP UT WOS:000223586200077 ER PT J AU Towill, LE Forsline, PL Walters, C Waddell, JW Laufmann, J AF Towill, LE Forsline, PL Walters, C Waddell, JW Laufmann, J TI Cryopreservation of Malus germplasm using a winter vegetative bud method: Results from 1915 accessions SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE genetic resources; germplasm preservation; liquid nitrogen; long-term storage; apple ID DORMANT APPLE BUDS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; DEHYDRATION; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL AB Cryopreservation using a winter vegetative bud method is being applied to the Malus collection maintained in the field at the USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva NY. Winter hardy materials are sent to the USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, for processing. To date 1915 accessions, representing 30 species and 16 interspecific hybrids, have been tested. The NCGRP minimum standard for cryopreservation is 40% viable buds, as determined by grafting. For M x domestica 95% of the accessions tested have been cryopreserved. For species other than M. x domestica, 83% have met the criterion. Eight lines were collected, cryopreserved and recovered through grafting each year. Data from this set showed an affect of year and cultivar on success. There was no strong relationship between viability after cryopreservation and phylogeny. For North American species success after cryopreservation was related to geographical origin. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Towill, LE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 323 EP 334 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 871AM UT WOS:000225101100003 PM 15618984 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Kovalchuk, I Kushnarenko, S Meier-Dinkel, A Schoenweiss, K Pluta, S Straczynska, K Benson, EE AF Reed, BM Kovalchuk, I Kushnarenko, S Meier-Dinkel, A Schoenweiss, K Pluta, S Straczynska, K Benson, EE TI Evaluation of critical points in technology transfer of cryopreservation protocols to international plant conservation laboratories SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE meristem; shoot tip; Ribes; liquid nitrogen; germplasm ID SHOOT-TIPS; ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION; APICAL MERISTEMS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; VITRIFICATION; SURVIVAL; GERMPLASM; STORAGE AB Cryopreservation of plant tissues in liquid nitrogen is now used for long-term conservation of vegetatively-propagated crops. Development of standard techniques for cryopreservation is important to the international plant-conservation community for successful implementation of storage protocols in diverse and internationally dispersed laboratories. Evaluation of the critical points of each preservation technique will greatly assist in developing and validating internationally-used cryopreservation protocols. The goals of this project were to assess critical points of two major cryopreservation techniques (PVS2 vitrification and encapsulation dehydration) during their transfer to international laboratories; analyze post-storage viability for each technique and location; and develop recommendations based on the assessments and data from the participating laboratories. Investigators from Germany, Kazakhstan, Poland and UK participated in a 2-week training workshop in cryopreservation methods after which the techniques were tested in the home laboratories of the participants. After one-year site visits by the technology trainers identified critical points in the protocols. Critical points were identified as 1) Cryogenic (cryoprotection, LN exposure, rewarming); 2) Non-cryogenic (plant health status, pre- and post-storage culture); 3) Operational (skills transfer, training, interpretation of procedures); 4) Facility (growth room, ambient conditions, media preparation, equipment). The most critical factors in all laboratories were culture health, operator skills and experience, and clarification of the technical details of the procedures. Final results showed that correction of critical factors improved the post-storage recovery in all the laboratories. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Inst Plant Physiol Genet & Bioengn, Almaty 480090, Kazakhstan. Lower Saxony Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Gene Conservat, D-34355 Staufenberg, Germany. Res Inst Pomol & Floriculture Skiernievwice, Skiernievwice, Poland. Univ Abertay, Sch Contemporary Sci, Dundee KY15 5RJ, Scotland. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@ars-grin.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 341 EP 352 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 871AM UT WOS:000225101100005 PM 15618986 ER PT J AU Qin, XT Hartung, JS AF Qin, XT Hartung, JS TI Expression of green fluorescent protein in Xylella fastidiosa is affected by passage through host plants SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AXENIC CULTURE; BACTERIUM; TRANSFORMATION; PATHOGENICITY; STRAIN; COFFEE; IDENTIFICATION; PLASMIDS AB Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, causes Pierce's disease of C Grapevine in North America. In South America the pathogen causes citrus variegated chlorosis, which is widespread in Brazil. We have introduced into Xylella fastidiosa a mini-Tn5 transposon that encodes a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene optimized for expression in bacteria. The mini-Tn5 derivative was inserted into different sites of the genome in independent transconjugants as determined by Southern blotting. The GFP gene was expressed well and to different levels in different transconjugants. Four independent transconjugants were separately used to inoculate sweet orange and tobacco seedlings. The transconjugants were able to colonize the plants and were subsequently isolated from points distal to the inoculation sites. When the relative fluorescence of the transconjugants that had been passed through either tobacco or sweet orange was compared with that of the same transconjugant maintained continuously in vitro, we observed that passage through either plant host significantly increased the level of expression of the GFP. The increased level of expression of GFP was transient, and was lost upon further culture in vitro. Xylella fastidiosa forms biofilms in planta which are believed to represent a metabolically differentiated state. The increased expression of GFP observed after passage through plants may be accounted for by this phenomenon. C1 ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hartungj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s00284-004-4345-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 849FD UT WOS:000223523200013 PM 15386107 ER PT J AU Swanberg, SE Payne, WS Hunt, HD Dodgson, JB Delany, ME AF Swanberg, SE Payne, WS Hunt, HD Dodgson, JB Delany, ME TI Telomerase activity and differential expression of telomerase genes and c-myc in chicken cells in vitro SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Developmental Genetics and Teratology CY FEB 20, 2004 CL Univ Calf Davis, Davis, CA HO Univ Calf Davis DE embryonic stem cells; chicken embryo fibroblasts; DT40; TR; TERT ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; RNA GENE; IMMORTAL CELLS; AVIAN CELLS; LINES; ESTABLISHMENT; CULTURE; TRANSCRIPTION; INDUCTION; STABILITY AB This study examined telomerase activity and gene expression profiles for three genes in Gallus gallus domesticus: telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT), telomerase RNA (chTR), and c-myc. Expression of these genes was studied in chicken embryonic stem (chES) cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), and DT40 cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results establish that, relative to transcription levels in telomerase-negative CEFs, chTERT and chTR are up-regulated in telomerase-positive chES cells. Transcription levels of chTERT, chTR, and c-myc are dramatically up-regulated in telomerase-positive DT40 cells, relative to CEFs and chES cells. These results are consistent with a model in which telomerase activity is up-regulated in proliferating embryonic stem cells requiring stable telomeres to endure multiple rounds of cell division; down-regulated in differentiated, lifespan-limited cells; and dramatically up-regulated in immortalized, transformed cells for which uncontrolled proliferation is correlated with c-myc dysregulation and telomerase activity. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Delany, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 2131D Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM medelany@ucdavis.edu OI Swanberg, Susan/0000-0001-7487-7065 FU PHS HHS [23XS002] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1058-8388 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 231 IS 1 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1002/dvdy.20149 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 846OU UT WOS:000223326000003 PM 15305283 ER PT J AU Stout, JE AF Stout, JE TI A method for establishing the critical threshold for aeolian transport in the field SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE threshold; saltation; wind erosion; aeolian research; dunes ID SALTATION; SURFACES AB A basic feature of any wind-eroding surface is its threshold - the wind speed at which sediment transport is initiated. A new method was developed and tested that allows for the rapid determination of threshold under natural wind conditions in the field. A mathematical expression that relates saltation activity and relative wind strength was reformulated so that threshold may be calculated from measurements of saltation activity and the mean and standard deviation of wind speed. To test the new method and determine its usefulness, a field experiment was performed within a region of low-relief dunes on the Southern High Plains of West Texas. The experimental system consisted of a 2-m meteorological tower and a piezoelectric saltation sensor. It was found that during periods of active aeolian activity, threshold values could be calculated every 5 minutes. This new method allows for routine monitoring of surface threshold conditions in the field. Example threshold calculations are presented and they demonstrate that the method works well. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jstout@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1207 DI 10.1002/esp.1079 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 858CW UT WOS:000224168900002 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA Shipitalo, MJ AF Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA Shipitalo, MJ TI Tracking sediment redistribution in a small watershed: Implications for agro-landscape evolution SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE catchments; rare earth elements; run-off; sediment delivery ratio; sediment transport; soil erosion; spatial distribution of erosion; tillage erosion; tracers; watersheds ID SOIL-EROSION MODEL; AGRICULTURAL LAND; DISTRIBUTED EROSION; RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT; TILLAGE EROSION; CESIUM-137; PATTERNS; RATES; HILLSLOPES; MOVEMENT AB A new, multi-tracer method is used to track erosion, translocation, and redeposition of sediment in a small watershed, thus allowing for the first time a complete, spatially distributed, sediment balance to be made as a function of landscape position. A 0(.)68 ha watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, USA was divided into six morphological units, each tagged with one of six rare earth element oxides. Sediment translocation was evaluated by collecting run-off and by spatially sampling the soil surface. Average measured erosion rate was 6(.)1 t ha(-1), but varied between 40.4 t ha(-1) loss from the lower channels to 24.1 t ha(-1) gain on the toeslope. With this technique it was possible for the first time to itemize the sediment budget for landscape elements into three components: (1) the soil from the element that left the watershed with run-off; (2) soil from the element that was redeposited on lower positions, with the spatial distribution of that deposition; and (3) soil originating from the upper positions and deposited on the element, with quantification of relative source areas. The results are incongruous with the current morphology of the watershed, suggesting that diffusion-type erosion must also play a major role in defining the evolution of this landscape. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tucson.ars.ag.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1275 EP 1291 DI 10.1002/esp.1094 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 858CW UT WOS:000224168900007 ER PT J AU Solomon, BD Corey-Luse, CM Halvorsen, KE AF Solomon, BD Corey-Luse, CM Halvorsen, KE TI The Florida manatee and eco-tourism: toward a safe minimum standard SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Conference of the United-State-Society-for-Ecological-Economics CY MAY 22-24, 2003 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP United State Soc Ecol Econ DE contingent valuation method; eco-tourism; Florida manatee; safe minimum standard; willingness to pay ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CONSERVATION; WILLINGNESS; ECONOMICS; BENEFITS; COSTS; PAY AB Development of a safe minimum standard (SMS) is proposed for the Florida manatee. Analysis was conducted to determine if preservation benefits of its recovery exceeded forgone development benefits. The manatee is a long-term endangered marine mammal that has brought millions of dollars to many coastal Florida communities. Its population has increased significantly in recent years. However, in part due to frequent motorboat collisions related injuries and deaths, the mammal continues to need protection and its long-term prospects are highly uncertain. Measurable protection benefits include local tourism revenues, as coastal Florida experiences significant manatee-related tourism, and ecological services performed by manatees through consumption of hydra in waterways, which otherwise have to be dredged. To account for the more difficult to measure preservation benefits, a contingent valuation method (CVM) survey was sent to a random sample of Citrus County, Florida residents. This county contains important winter habitat and receives significant manatee-related tourism. The CVM survey described a hypothetical market to measure household willingness to pay to protect manatees. Statistical analysis was performed on the determinants of the value of manatee preservation. Forgone net development benefits were proxied only on the cost of law enforcement of boating speed limits. The study found that the benefits of manatee protection in Citrus County greatly exceeded the development benefits foregone by approximately $8.2-$9 million, primarily related to eco-tourism. These results support an SMS policy at current population levels or higher. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sustainable Futures Inst, Dept Social Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, Chequamegon Nicolet Natl Forest, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Social Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Solomon, BD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sustainable Futures Inst, Dept Social Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM bdsolomo@mtu.edu NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.03.025 PG 15 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 864UD UT WOS:000224657500007 ER PT J AU Nash, MS Bradford, DF Franson, SE Neale, AC Whitford, WG Heggem, DT AF Nash, MS Bradford, DF Franson, SE Neale, AC Whitford, WG Heggem, DT TI Livestock grazing effects on ant communities in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE ant; ant community; bare patches; bioindicator; indicator; livestock grazing; Mojave desert; rangeland condition; vegetation ID AUSTRALIAN ARID ZONE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS; VEGETATION CHANGE; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; RECOLONIZATION; BIOINDICATORS; ORGANIZATION AB The effects of livestock grazing on composition and structure of ant communities were examined in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA for the purpose of evaluating ant communities as potential indicators of rangeland condition. Metrics for ant communities, vegetation, and other ground-cover elements were evaluated as a function of distance from livestock water tanks, which represents a gradient in level of livestock activity in desert settings. Data were collected at six isolated water tanks used by cattle during early summer, with seven plots (90 m x 90 m; 100 pitfall traps) per tank. Thirty-eight species of ants were recorded, with an average of 14 ant species per plot. Ant species richness did not differ as a function of distance from the water tank. Also, overall species composition, as measured by a similarity index for species presence/absence for paired-comparisons of plots, did not show differences attributable to the gradient in grazing impact. In contrast, the relative abundance of several taxa and functional groups was significantly related to distance from the water tank. The predominant pattern was for the greatest abundance to occur at the water tank, with little difference in ant abundance among plots away from the water tank. This pattern was shown by the abundant ants species, Conomyrma bicolor and Pheidole tucsonica, and the groups Conomyrma spp., Pheidole spp., homopteran tenders, and plant foragers. However, two species, Aphaenogaster megommata and Monomorium wheelerorum showed the greatest relative abundance at a distance away from the water tank. A number of ant metrics were significantly related to ground-cover metrics (R(2) > 0.5). Organic debris was the variable most frequently related significantly to ant abundance metrics, always in a positive direction, followed by cover for perennial grasses, annual forbs, and shrubs, and bare patch size. Ant community metrics in the study region appear to have little potential to serve as indicators of rangeland condition because differences were evident primarily in severely degraded localized conditions rather than in intermediate widespread conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Nash, MS (reprint author), US EPA, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM nash.maliha@epa.gov OI Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.03.004 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 857CM UT WOS:000224093600005 ER PT J AU Lytle, DA Merritt, DM AF Lytle, DA Merritt, DM TI Hydrologic regimes and riparian forests: A structured population model for cottonwood SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cottonwood; crowding dependence; density dependence; disturbance; drought; flooding; hydrologic alteration; natural flow regime; Populus; self thinning; stochastic model ID UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; WATER-TABLE DECLINE; CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; POPULUS-FREMONTII; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; CHANNEL CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; GREEN RIVER; RIO-GRANDE AB Riparian cottonwood (Populus deltoides) forests form the one of the most extensive deciduous forest ecosystems in arid regions of the western United States. However, cottonwood populations are threatened by flow alteration and channel degradation caused by dams, water diversions, and groundwater pumping. We developed a stochastic, density-dependent, population model to (1) consolidate information concerning cottonwood population dynamics in a conceptual and analytical framework, (2) determine whether complex forest stand dynamics can be predicted from basic cottonwood vital rates and river hydrology, and (3) aid in planning prescribed floods by projecting how altered flow regimes might affect populations. The model describes how annual variation in the hydrograph affects cottonwood mortality (via floods and droughts) and recruitment (via scouring of new habitat and seedling establishment). Using parameter values for the undammed Yampa River in Colorado, we found that abundances of seedlings and Younger trees followed a boom-bust cycle driven by high flood mortalities while reproductive adult abundance followed a less erratic 5-15-yr periodicity driven by multiyear sequences of flows favorable to stand recruitment. Conversely, chance occurrences of multiple drought years eliminated cottonwood from up to 50% of available habitat, providing opportunities for competing plant species to establish. By simulating flow alterations on the Yampa ranging from channelization (many floods/droughts) to damming (few floods/droughts), the model suggested that mature cottonwood forest should be most abundant near the observed natural flow regime. Model analysis also Suggested that flow regimes with high flood frequencies result in stable (albeit small) population sizes, while stable flows result in highly variable population sizes prone to local extinction. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lytle, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.lytle@science.oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2493 EP 2503 DI 10.1890/04-0282 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 860YE UT WOS:000224379600016 ER PT J AU Meeuwig, MH Dunham, JB Hayes, JP Vinyard, GL AF Meeuwig, MH Dunham, JB Hayes, JP Vinyard, GL TI Effects of constant and cyclical thermal regimes on growth and feeding of juvenile cutthroat trout of variable sizes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE cutthroat trout; temperature; growth; feeding; thermal regime; water quality ID COHO SALMON; BULL TROUT; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; STRESS; FIELD AB The effects of constant (12, 18, and 24degreesC) and cyclical (daily variation of 15-21 and 12-24degreesC) thermal regimes on the growth and feeding of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) of variable sizes were examined. Higher constant temperatures (i.e., 24degreesC) and more variable daily temperatures (i.e., 12-24degreesC daily cycle) negatively affected growth rates. As fish mass increased (from 0.24 to 15.52 g) the effects of different thermal regimes on mass growth became more pronounced. Following 14 days exposure to the thermal regimes, feeding rates of individual fish were assessed during acute exposure (40 min) to test temperatures of 12, 18, and 24degreesC. Feeding rate was depressed during acute exposure to 24degreesC, but was not significantly affected by the preceding thermal regime. Our results indicate that even brief daily exposure to higher temperatures (e.g., 24degreesC) can have considerable sublethal effects on cutthroat trout, and that fish size should be considered when examining the effects of temperature. C1 Univ Nevada, Biol Resources Res Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Montana State Univ Ecol, MT Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mmeeuwig@montana.edu RI Hayes, Jack/J-8712-2012 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00052.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 844JN UT WOS:000223154400008 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Aquatic selenium pollution is a global environmental safety issue SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; TREATED LIQUID EFFLUENT; IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; PETROLEUM REFINERY; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WASTE-WATER; CRUDE-OIL; CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION AB Selenium pollution is a worldwide phenomenon and is associated with a broad spectrum of human activities, ranging from the most basic agricultural practices to the most high-tech industrial processes. Consequently, selenium contamination of aquatic habitats can take place in urban, suburban, and rural settings alike-from mountains to plains, from deserts to rainforests, and from the Arctic to the tropics. Human activities that increase waterborne concentrations of selenium are on the rise and the threat of widespread impacts to aquatic life is greater than ever before. Important sources of selenium contamination in aquatic habitats are often overlooked by environmental biologists and ecological risk assessors due to preoccupation with other, higher priority pollutants, yet selenium may pose the most serious long-term risk to aquatic habitats and fishery resources. Failure to include selenium in the list of constituents measured in contaminant screening/monitoring programs is a major mistake, both from the hazard assessment aspect and from the pollution control aspect. Once selenium contamination begins, a cascade of bioaccumulation events is set into motion which makes meaningful intervention nearly impossible. However, this cascade of events need not happen if adequate foresight and planning are exercised. Early evaluation and action are key. Prudent risk management based on environmentally sound hazard assessment and water quality goals can prevent biological impacts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, United Stats Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, United Stats Forest Serv, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM dlemly@vt.edu RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 93 TC 151 Z9 158 U1 4 U2 89 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00095-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 842DW UT WOS:000222984400007 PM 15261722 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD AF Frenzen, PD TI Deaths due a unknown foodborne agents SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; NURSING-HOMES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROENTERITIS; PATHOGENS; ACCURACY; DISEASE AB This study reviews the available evidence on unknown pathogenic agents transmitted in food and examines the methods that have been used to estimate that such agents cause 3,400 deaths per year in the United States. The estimate of deaths was derived from hospital discharge and death certificate data on deaths attributed to gastroenteritis of unknown cause. Fatal illnesses due to unknown foodborne agents do not always involve gastroenteritis, and gastroenteritis may not be accurately diagnosed or reported on hospital charts or death certificates. The death estimate consequently omitted deaths from unknown foodborne agents that do not cause gastroenteritis and likely overstated the number of deaths from agents that cause gastroenteritis. Although the number of deaths from unknown foodborne agents is uncertain, the possible economic cost of these deaths is so large that increased efforts to identify the causal agents are warranted. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Frenzen, PD (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room N4067, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1536 EP 1543 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200003 PM 15498153 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JB Sobel, J Lynn, T Funk, E Middaugh, JP AF McLaughlin, JB Sobel, J Lynn, T Funk, E Middaugh, JP TI Botulism type E outbreak associated with eating a beached whale, Alaska SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; NATIVES; MORTALITY; TOXIN; RISK AB We report an outbreak of botulism that occurred in July 2002 in a group of 12 Alaskan Yu'pik Eskimos who ate blubber and skin from a beached beluga whale. Botulism death rates among Alaska Natives have declined in the last 20 years, yet incidence has increased. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, JB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 14 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1685 EP 1687 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 852FH UT WOS:000223740200029 PM 15498179 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF Arbogast, RT AF Campbell, JF Arbogast, RT TI Stored-product insects in a flour mill: population dynamics and response to fumigation treatments SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Plodia interpunctella; Trogoderma variabile; monitoring; mark-recapture; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Coleoptera; Dermestidae; Tenebrionidae ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; LEPIDOPTERA; RECAPTURE; PYRALIDAE; PESTS; TRAP AB In a wheat flour mill, seasonal trends in stored-product insect trap capture, relationships between trap captures inside and outside the mill, and between pheromone trap capture and product infestation, and the impact of fumigation on pest populations, were assessed. Mark-recapture was used to evaluate the potential for movement of insects outside the mill into the mill. For Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), pheromone trap captures outside were higher than inside the mill, and when inside and outside trap captures were correlated, both indoor and outdoor trap captures tended to cycle according to a seasonal pattern; fumigations did not consistently influence pheromone trap captures, and in only one instance were they found in product samples. Mark-recapture data indicated that P. interpunctella was capable of entering the building from outside. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) trap captures, in contrast, tended to be lower outside compared to inside, followed a pattern of sharp decline after fumigation treatment, and then steadily increased (0.002-0.005 beetles/trap/day) until the next fumigation. This pattern, other than potentially the rate of increase, was not impacted by season and outside trap capture levels. Tribolium castaneum was the primary species infesting the product. The information generated in this study provides some of the information needed to develop improved monitoring and management programs. C1 ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 26 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 112 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00197.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 853GZ UT WOS:000223816600007 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Smith, HT Severson, R Severson, MA Woolard, J Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Griffin, D AF Engeman, RM Smith, HT Severson, R Severson, MA Woolard, J Shwiff, SA Constantin, B Griffin, D TI Damage reduction estimates and benefit-cost ratios for feral swine control from the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alien species; benefit cost analysis; damage estimation; economic value; exotic species; feral hogs; feral pigs; invasive species ID PIG ERADICATION; PROGRAM AB The introduction of swine (Sus scrofa) has adversely affected the environment of many natural habitats throughout the world. Basin marshes are dwindling ecosystems in Florida that are especially vulnerable to damage by feral swine. In January 2003, the estimated amount of swine damage to the exposed portion of the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Savannas Preserve State Park (SPSP) was 19% (an area of 5 ha). Economic valuations for the swine damage were based on the monetary amounts that wetland regulators have allowed permit applicants to spend in mitigation attempts to replace lost wetland resources. In 2003, the area of natural habitat damaged by swine had a total value of US$ 1238760-4036290. The SPSP implemented a contract for swine control throughout 2003 in all areas of the Park. The damage to the basin marsh was re-estimated in January 2004, after swine removal. The damage sampling transects remained the same as the 2003 survey, but damage was significantly reduced, with 31% of sampling transects showing damage in January 2004 versus 92% in January 2003. Similarly, the total area of swine damage had decreased to 0.95 ha, and the value of the lost habitat had been reduced to US$ 235 355-766 865, an economic benefit of US$ 1003 355-3 269 265. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) relating the economic value of the damage reduction against the swine control costs (not all swine control in the park was carried out in the vicinity of the basin marsh) was conservatively estimated at 134-436. When estimating costs for swine control in the vicinity of the marsh based on the proportional number of swine removed there as compared to the Park as a whole, the BCR increased to 480-1562. Benefits of swine removal are very high relative to the costs of control. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Florida Pk Serv, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1017/S0376892904001572 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 896YT UT WOS:000226971200006 ER PT J AU Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Lee, EH Laurence, JA AF Tingey, DT Hogsett, WE Lee, EH Laurence, JA TI Stricter ozone ambient air quality standard has beneficial effect on ponderosa pine in California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; ponderosa pine; TREGRO; air quality; San Bernardino Mountains ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOLAR-RADIATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; O-3 UPTAKE; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; DROUGHT; INJURY; DEPOSITION AB Ambient air quality standards and control strategies are implemented to protect humans and vegetation from adverse effects. We used a process-based tree-growth model (TREGRO) to show that over the past 37 years, changes in O-3 exposure, with accompanying variation in climate, are reflected in changes in the growth of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, California, USA. Despite variation in temperature and precipitation over the study period (1963-1999), O-3 exposure consistently reduced simulated tree growth. Simulated growth reductions increased concurrent with increasing O-3 exposure. The maximum growth reduction occurred in 1979. As O-3 exposures decreased during the 1980s and 1990s, effects on growth also decreased. This implies that emission control strategies taken to reduce exposures to attain O-3 standards benefited P. ponderosa growth in the San Bernardino Mountains. This modeling approach provides a powerful tool for solving the difficult problem of evaluating regulatory effectiveness by simulating plant response using long-term climate and air pollution exposure records for a given region. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tingey, DT (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM tingey.dave@epa.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0319-z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861WA UT WOS:000224448100008 PM 15520896 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Haight, RG ReVelle, CS AF Snyder, SA Haight, RG ReVelle, CS TI Scenario optimization model for dynamic reserve site selection SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE scenario optimization; robust optimization; reserve site selection; integer programming; incomplete information; maximal covering problem; adaptive management ID ROBUST OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS; SCIENCE AB Conservation planners are called upon to make choices and trade-offs about the preservation of natural areas for the protection of species in the face of development pressures. We addressed the problem of selecting sites for protection over time with the objective of maximizing species representation, with uncertainty about future site development, and with periodic constraints on the number of sites that can he selected. We developed a 0-1, linear optimization model with 2 periods to select the sites that maximize expected species coverage subject to budget constraints. The model is based on the idea that development uncertainty can be characterized by a set of scenarios, each of which is a possible second-period development outcome for the set of sites. We also suggest that our 2-period model can be used in a sequential fashion that is consistent with adaptive planning. Results are presented for the Fox River watershed in Chicago. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@is.fed.us NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1023/B:ENMO.0000049388.71603.7f PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886DW UT WOS:000226208100005 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM McConnell, LL Pratt, D Datta, S AF Fellers, GM McConnell, LL Pratt, D Datta, S TI Pesticides in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide; amphibian; Sierra Nevada Mountains; organophosphate; Rana muscosa ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; MASS MORTALITY; UV-B; TADPOLES; FISH; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; HYPOTHESES; DEPOSITION; TOXAPHENE; CARBARYL AB In 1997, pesticide concentrations were measured in mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana muscosa) from two areas in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. One area (Sixty Lakes Basin, Kings Canyon National Park) had large, apparently healthy populations of frogs. A second area (Tablelands, Sequoia National Park) once had large populations, but the species had been extirpated from this area by the early 1980s. The Tablelands is exposed directly to prevailing winds from agricultural regions to the west. When an experimental reintroduction of R. muscosa in 1994 to 1995 was deemed unsuccessful in 1997, the last 20 (reintroduced) frogs that could be found were collected from the Tablelands, and pesticide concentrations in both frog tissue and the water were measured at both the Tablelands and at reference sites at Sixty Lakes. In frog tissues, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentration was one to two orders of magnitude higher than the other organochlorines (46 +/- 20 ng/g wet wt at Tablelands and 17 +/- 8 Sixty Lakes). Both gamma-chlordane and traps-nonachlor were found in significantly greater concentrations in Tablelands frog tissues compared with Sixty Lakes. Organophosphate insecticides, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were observed primarily in surface water with higher concentrations at the Tablelands sites. No contaminants were significantly higher in our Sixty Lakes samples. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 29 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2170 EP 2177 DI 10.1897/03-491 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 845JV UT WOS:000223239600017 PM 15378994 ER PT J AU Coble, KH Miller, JC Zuniga, M Heifner, R AF Coble, KH Miller, JC Zuniga, M Heifner, R TI The joint effect of government crop insurance and loan programmes on the demand for futures hedging SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE crop insurance; marketing loans; forward pricing; risk; yield distribution ID REVENUE INSURANCE; PRODUCTION RISK; YIELD; OPTIONS; PRICE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MARKETS; MODEL AB This research re-evaluates producer risk management decisions regarding the choice of forward pricing strategies when governmentally subsidised crop insurance designs and price supports are available. An analytical model is developed to illustrate the substitution of loan programmes for hedging. In particular, we find that this relationship is conditioned on yield levels. Also, a numerical analysis is conducted that incorporates futures prices, basis and yield variability. Three alternative crop insurance designs are evaluated. Optimal futures hedge ratios are derived for expected utility-maximising soybean farmers. Our results suggest that government programme levels profoundly alter the farmer's optimal strategy. We also find that apparently speculative behaviour is risk-minimising when high loan rates and revenue insurance are combined. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Coble, KH (reprint author), POB 5187,321 Lloyd Ricks, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM coble@agecon.msstate.edu RI Coble, Keith/A-3090-2008 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 BP 309 EP 330 DI 10.1093/erae/31.3.309 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 873AT UT WOS:000225251800005 ER PT J AU Mao, LX Jett, LE Story, RN Hammond, AM Peterson, JK Labonte, DR AF Mao, LX Jett, LE Story, RN Hammond, AM Peterson, JK Labonte, DR TI Influence of drought stress on sweetpotato resistance to sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera : Apoinidae), and storage root chemistry SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; feeding; oviposition; resin glycosides; caffeic acid ID BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PERIDERM; CURCULIONIDAE; LEAFHOPPER; QUALITY; PLANTS; YIELD AB The effect of drought stress on the resistance of sweetpotato roots to sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Fab.), was studied in 1997 and 1998 in two genotypes ("Beauregard" and "Excel") with different SPW susceptibility. Storage roots produced under drought or normal conditions were tested for adult feeding, oviposition, larval survival and pupal weight in the laboratory under no-choice and free-choice test conditions. The levels of sweetpotato resin glycoside and caffeic acid in the periderm tissue of the roots were also determined. Drought-stressed roots received significantly more SPW eggs under no-choice and free-choice conditions and more feeding punctures under free-choice conditions than non-stressed roots in 1997. Larval survival rate was significantly lower on drought-stressed roots. A significant drought effect on feeding, oviposition and larval survival was absent in 1998. Drought stress had no effect on sweetpotato resin glycosides content in both years, but significantly reduced the content of caffeic acid in 1997. Genotype had a significant effect on SPW feeding in 1997 and on feeding and oviposition in 1998 under free-choice test conditions, where Beauregard was preferred for both feeding and oviposition. Beauregard also supported a significantly higher larval survival rate compared with Excel. Resin glycosides or caffeic acid contents were similar for the two genotypes in 1997, while higher level of resin glycosides was detected in Excel than in Beauregard in 1998. The interaction between drought stress and genotype was significant for adult feeding under free-choice conditions and for larval survival, indicating a different response between the two genotypes. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sweet Potato Res Stn, Chase, LA 71324 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Mao, LX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0261:IODSOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300002 ER PT J AU Castillo, A Infante, F Lopez, G Trujillo, J Kirkendall, LR Vega, FE AF Castillo, A Infante, F Lopez, G Trujillo, J Kirkendall, LR Vega, FE TI Laboratory parasitism by Phymastichus coffea (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) upon non-target bark beetles associated with coffee plantations SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE host specificity; Phymastichus; Hypothenemus; Scolytodes; Araptus; Mexico ID BRASSICAE BEZDENKO HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; FERRARI COLEOPTERA; BERRY BORER; SCOLYTIDAE; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; TETRASTICHINAE AB Phymastichus coffea (LaSalle) is an African parasitoid of adults of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) that has been introduced to Mexico and other Central and South American countries for the biological control of this important pest. The present study assessed the host specificity of this parasitoid in the laboratory. We tested the acceptance and parasitism of R coffea on five species of bark beetle adults commonly found in coffee plantations of Mexico: Hypothenemus crudiae, H. plumeriae, H. eruditus, Scolytodes borealis and Araptus fossifrons. As a control, we used adults of H. hampei, the natural host. R coffea parasitized and successfully completed its life cycle in H. crudiae and H. eruditus, as well as in H. hampei. The degree to which bark beetles were attacked by P. coffea was estimated by percent of parasitism, which was 64% for H. hampei, 14% for H. crudiae, and 6% for H. eruditus. The risk of potential deleterious effects of the parasitoid on non-target organisms in coffee agroecosystems is discussed. C1 ECOSUR, Colegio Frontera Sur, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. Inst Fitosanidad, Colegio Posgraduados, Montecillo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. Univ Bergen, Inst Zool, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Castillo, A (reprint author), ECOSUR, Colegio Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. RI Kirkendall, Lawrence/B-5003-2010; Alfredo, Castillo/B-5491-2016; OI Kirkendall, Lawrence/0000-0002-7335-6441; Alfredo, Castillo/0000-0003-1452-0026; Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0274:LPBPCH]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300004 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Zack, RS Green, D DeCamelo, L AF Landolt, PJ Zack, RS Green, D DeCamelo, L TI Cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) trapped with male pheromone SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE pheromone; attraction; trap; behavior; cabbage looper; linalool; p-cresol; m-cresol ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; SEX-PHEROMONE; FLORAL COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; STRATEGIES; FLOWERS AB Traps in field plots assessed attraction of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), to lures emitting synthetic chemicals identified as the pheromone of the male; linalool, p-cresol and m-cresol. Male and female cabbage looper moths were captured in traps baited with racemic linalool, but significantly greater numbers of both sexes were captured in traps baited with the 3-component blend. Virgin and mated female cabbage looper moths were captured, with up to 5 spermatophores per female in mated ones. Pheromone was dispensed from polypropylene vials, and numbers of moths captured in traps increased with the size of the hole in the vial lid, up to the maximum 25-mm diameter hole tested. Rates of release of pheromone from vials with 25-mm diameter holes in the laboratory decreased from 4 to 3 milligrams per h over a four-week duration. This is the first evidence in the field of cabbage looper response to the chemicals identified as pheromones of the male. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0294:CLMLNT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300008 ER PT J AU Hoddle, MS Mound, LA Nakahara, S AF Hoddle, MS Mound, LA Nakahara, S TI Thysanoptera recorded from California, USa.: A checklist SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB In California U.S.A., 238 named species of the insect Order Thysanoptera, in 87 genera and eight families, are listed as having been found in this state. Inspection of museum collections indicates many undescribed species of thrips exist. Little is known of the host plants of native California thrips species, due to imprecise collecting methods such as sweep netting swaths of mixed vegetation. At least 40 (similar to17%) of the listed species in California are introduced from other parts of the world. Two terebrantian families (Adiheterothripidae and Fauriellidae), and one genus (Orothrips) in a third terebrantian family (Aeolothripidae), have a remarkably disjunct distribution between California and the European Mediterranean region. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoddle, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Mound, Laurence/A-3967-2009 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0317:TRFCUA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300012 ER PT J AU Prokopy, RJ Miller, NW Pinero, JC Oride, L Chaney, N Revis, H Vargas, RI AF Prokopy, RJ Miller, NW Pinero, JC Oride, L Chaney, N Revis, H Vargas, RI TI How effective is GF-120 Fruit Fly bait spray applied to border area sorghum plants for control of melon flies (Diptera : Tephritidae)? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; GF-120 Fruit Fly bait; bait spray; spinosad; sorghum; cucumbers ID SPINOSAD BAIT AB Application of bait spray to non-host sorghum plants bordering host plants of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, is a common practice for melon fly control in Hawaii. In a field study conducted in 2003 in Hawaii, we first asked whether GF-120 Fruit Fly bait spray applied to sorghum plants that bordered only two (opposite) sides of a patch of cucumbers was as effective in protecting cucumbers against melon flies as similar spray applied to sorghum plants that bordered all four sides of a cucumber patch. Second, we asked whether mature melon fly females carrying a high egg load but deprived of protein during the previous 24 h were more responsive to bait spray than mature females having continuous access to protein. Color-marked melon fly females were released outside of patches of sorghum-bordered cucumbers. We found no significant differences between two-sided and four-sided patches of sorghum or between protein-deprived (for 24 h) and protein-fed (continuously) mature females in percentages of released females that found cucumbers in bait-sprayed plots. Moreover, none of these percentages was significantly less than percentages of released females that found cucumbers in unsprayed plots, indicating an overall ineffectiveness of bait spray application. During the 24 h after alighting on cucumbers, released females that were captured alive on cucumbers and placed in cups with cucumbers laid on average almost as many eggs (insignificantly fewer) when taken from bait-sprayed plots as when taken from unsprayed plots. An overriding factor may have been the presence of just a narrow swath of sorghum (arising from a single row of plants), which may have permitted females easy access to cucumbers and masked potential differences among treatments. Bait spray applied to broader swaths of sorghum may be more effective. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Prokopy, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0354:HEIGFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300015 ER PT J AU Gould, WP Hallman, GJ AF Gould, WP Hallman, GJ TI Irradiation disinfestation of diaprepes root weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and papaya fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; FLIES C1 USDA, APHIS PPQ, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Gould, WP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS PPQ, 4700 River Rd,Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 391 EP 392 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0391:IDODRW]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300022 ER PT J AU Horn, S Hanula, JL AF Horn, S Hanula, JL TI Impact of seed predators on the herb Baptisia lanceolata (Fabales : Fabaceae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DISPERSAL; LEUCANTHA; LEGUME C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 398 EP 400 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0398:IOSPOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300025 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Anderson, PK Villarreal, N AF McKenzie, CL Anderson, PK Villarreal, N TI An extensive survey of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in agricultural ecosystems in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SWEET-POTATO; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; SPECIES COMPLEX; RAPD-PCR; BIOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOSYMBIONTS; WHITEFLIES; HEMIPTERA; DISORDER C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. Int Ctr Trop Agr, Cali, Colombia. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0403:AESOBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 870FZ UT WOS:000225044300027 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Rayas-Duarte, P Gordon, SH Xu, JY AF Mohamed, A Rayas-Duarte, P Gordon, SH Xu, JY TI Estimation of HRW wheat heat damage by DSC, capillary zone electrophoresis, photoacoustic spectroscopy and rheometry SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photoacoustic; hard red winter wheat; DSC; capillary zone electrophoresis; glutenin ID PROTEIN-SOLUBILITY; GLUTEN AB The effect of wheat heat damage was estimated using hard red winter (HRW) wheat varieties grown in Oklahoma, and analyses were performed on wheat kernels, flour, and isolated starch. Wheat kernels were analyzed by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), flour was analyzed by DSC, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and rheometry, while starch was analyzed by DSC. DSC data showed little difference in the temperatures of starch gelatinization. The AM values increased at 50 degreesC storage temperature. PAS data revealed differences in sensitivities to heat between the three cultivars. The pericap of cultivar Jagger was about five times more heat resistant than the pericarp of the other two cultivars. CZE maps showed that gluten proteins from cultivar 2137 was more affected by the 60 days and 50 degreesC treatment than the other two cultivars. Non-linear steady shearing showed that all heat-treated flours had lower viscosity, which suggests a deleterious effect on the potential performance of yeasted baked products. Viscoelastic properties of the Jagger untreated suspension sample showed strong gluten. The linear and non-linear viscoelastic behaviours of Jagger cultivar were less altered by heat treatment than were the other cultivars. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.11.014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 823EV UT WOS:000221593500005 ER PT J AU Green, DW Ethington, RL King, EG Shelley, BE Gromala, DS AF Green, DW Ethington, RL King, EG Shelley, BE Gromala, DS TI ASTM Committee D-7: Wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Wood Construct Technol Inc, Mclean, VA USA. W Coast Lumber Inspect Bur, Portland, OR USA. Weyerhaeuser Technol Ctr, Federal Way, WA USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 8 EP 18 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 856JB UT WOS:000224040400004 ER PT J AU Braden, R Nicholls, D AF Braden, R Nicholls, D TI Alaska birch crafts and gifts: Marketing practices and demographics SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERNET AB Craft and gift producers in Alaska who use birch as a primary species were surveyed via mail, telephone calls, and site visits. Forty-two usable mail surveys were obtained fora response rate of 38.5 percent. Firms were in business an average of 13 years and utilized an average of 4,778 board feet of birch per year to produce a variety of craft items, including turned bowls, cutting boards, mugs, spoons, and other kitchen and household items. Between 1999 and 200 1, average consumption of birch among responding firms increased by more than 42 percent and reported sales increased by an average of 56 percent. Important factors limiting craft production included maintaining consistent quantity and quality of birch sawlogs; the lack of small, easily accessed timber sales; and an influx of low-priced craft items from foreign producers. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wood Utilizat Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Braden, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Int Trade Forest Prod, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 856JB UT WOS:000224040400006 ER PT J AU Cantrell, R Paun, D LeVan-Green, S AF Cantrell, R Paun, D LeVan-Green, S TI An empirical analysis of an innovative application for an underutilized resource: Small-diameter roundwood in recreational buildings SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Builders were surveyed to explore perceptions regarding small-diameter roundwood (SDR). The study empirically tests a model of builders' attitudes and opinions about using SDR as a building material in recreational buildings. Findings suggest that, of the 130 builders surveyed, most are likely to use SDR in recreational buildings when it meets the following criteria: 1) a pleasing aesthetic that blends in with the environment, 2) easy and convenient to work with; 3) readily available and long lasting; and 4) when they are empowered to make SDR purchase decisions. Additionally, builders are segmented into propensity-to-innovate groups, and marketing strategies are discussed. Ready Builders should be given SDR information through technical reports or building or purchasing trade journals. Interested Builders should be targeted through SDR salespeople, who receive in-depth SDR sales training. Cautious Builders can be reached through selling complete solutions for SDR recreational buildings, such as a bundled product that offers all needed features, functions, and technical support, as well as an attractive price. The importance of this research is that it enhances our understanding of what augments or detracts from the decision to use SDR in recreational buildings and as such may offer entrepreneurs insights into profitable SDR opportunities. C1 NAHB Res Ctr Upper, Marlboro, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Cantrell, R (reprint author), NAHB Res Ctr Upper, Marlboro, MD USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 856JB UT WOS:000224040400007 ER PT J AU Green, DW Gorrnan, TM Evans, JW Murphy, JF AF Green, DW Gorrnan, TM Evans, JW Murphy, JF TI Improved grading system for structural logs for log homes SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIMBERS AB Current grading standards for logs used in log home construction use visual criteria to sort logs into either "wall logs" or structural logs (round and sawn round timbers). The conservative nature of this grading system, and the grouping of stronger and weaker species for marketing purposes, probably results in the specification of logs with larger diameter than would be required if a more precise grading method were available. This study evaluated the relationships between log strength and stiffness as a basis for a mechanical grading system. A sample of 120 logs, 4.9-m (16-ft.) long, was obtained from a mixture of fire-killed subalpine fir and lodgepole pine trees. The logs were tested in bending and in compression parallel to grain. Flexural stiffness as determined by transverse vibration was found to be the best single predictor of static strength and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The proposed mechanical grading system uses a combination of MOE and visual characteristics to predict mechanical properties. The proposed system is predicted to yield a higher strength for a given MOE value than does the current visual system. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Dept Head, Moscow, ID USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 52 EP 62 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 856JB UT WOS:000224040400011 ER PT J AU Shepley, BP Wiedenbeck, J Smith, RL AF Shepley, BP Wiedenbeck, J Smith, RL TI Opportunities for expanded and higher value utilization of No. 3A common hardwood lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROUGH MILLS; PART YIELDS; FURNITURE AB The percentage of low-grade material composing the annual hardwood lumber production in the United States is on the rise. As a result, finding markets for low-grade and low-value lumber has been identified as a top priority by researchers and industry associations. This research used the ROMI-RIP and ROMI-CROSS simulation programs to determine specific conditions that can lead to optimal part yield when processing No. 3A Common (3AC), 4/4-thickness, kiln-dried red oak lumber in rip-first and crosscut-first rough mill operations. Results of the simulations indicated that cutting bills with narrow part widths and short part lengths are the most conducive to obtaining optimal part yield while processing 3AC lumber. Further, the results indicated that higher part yields can be obtained when processing short-length 3AC lumber (between 6 and 8 ft.) as opposed to longer length 3AC lumber. Part yields from short, 3AC lumber were from 3 to 6 percent higher than were the yields from long, 3AC lumber (between Wand 16ft.) in three of four simulation trials. The lumber length effect was more consistent in the rip-first processing trials than in the crosscut-first trials. C1 Morgam Lumber Co Inc, Red Oak, VA 23964 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Shepley, BP (reprint author), Morgam Lumber Co Inc, POB 25,Rt 92 E, Red Oak, VA 23964 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 9 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 856JB UT WOS:000224040400014 ER PT J AU Schmidtling, RC Hipkins, V AF Schmidtling, RC Hipkins, V TI The after-effects of reproductive environment in shortleaf pine SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pacific Temperate Conifers as Introduced and Native CY MAY 27-30, 2002 CL Orleans, FRANCE SP INRA, Cemagref AB Thirteen identical controlled crosses were made among 22 shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) clones growing in two contrasting reproductive environments: a seed orchard in central Arkansas, USA (34.6degreesN) and a clone bank in south Mississippi (30.5degreesN). The resulting seedlings from both reproductive environments were planted at both locations where the seed was produced. After 4 years in the field (5 years from seed), trees from seed produced in the two environments differed significantly in height. The reproductive environment x family interaction was also significant, however, indicating that the effect depended upon the genetic background of the parent trees. By age 9 years, differences were no longer statistically significant. Allozymes were assayed in seed produced in the two reproductive environments. Chi-squared tests of heterogeneity of segregation ratios for polymorphic loci showed significant differences between the two environments for many cross/loci combinations. Although the pattern of differences was not obviously linked to differences in growth, gametophytic selection is suggested as a possible explanation for the after-effects. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NFGEL Lab, Placerville, CA USA. RP Schmidtling, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM rschmidtling@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD FAL PY 2004 VL 77 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1093/forestry/77.4.287 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 852YF UT WOS:000223792000005 ER PT J AU Ewel, JJ Putz, FE AF Ewel, JJ Putz, FE TI A place for alien species in ecosystem restoration SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEED RAIN; PLANT; FOREST; SOILS; INTRODUCTIONS; REGENERATION; PHOSPHORUS; CALIFORNIA; GRASSLAND AB Blanket condemnation of alien species in restoration efforts is counterproductive. Where their presence does not unduly threaten surrounding ecosystems, alien species can be tolerated or even used to good advantage, if they provide essential ecological or socioeconomic services. By speeding restoration or making it more effective, non-native species can provide economic and ecological payoffs. Risk is always an issue when alien species are involved, but greater risk taking is warranted where environmental conditions have been severely modified through human activity than where reassembly of a biological community is the sole goal of restoration. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ewel, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchboul St,Suite 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM jackewel@gte.net NR 50 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 9 U2 81 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 2 IS 7 BP 354 EP 360 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 855GL UT WOS:000223961200017 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL TI Cultural aspects of food choices in various communities of elders SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID LIFE-STYLE; RISK; ACCULTURATION; AMERICANS; DISEASE; WOMEN; DIET; MEN C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bermudez, OI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD FAL PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 878NL UT WOS:000225653400004 ER PT J AU Greene, SL Gritsenko, M Vandemark, G AF Greene, SL Gritsenko, M Vandemark, G TI Relating morphologic and RAPD marker variation to collection site environment in wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE environmental adaptation; geographic differentiation; GIS; RAPD; red clover; Trifolium pratense L. ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CROP GERMPLASM; DIFFERENTIATION; TREE AB Although genotypic and phenotypic markers are used to describe genetic diversity, describing patterns of variation attributable to geographic differentiation is complex. We examined concordance between morphologic and RAPD marker classification of 33 wild red clover populations collected from the Caucasus Mountains, Russia and compared how morphologic and RAPD markers differed in their correspondence to collection site attributes. We also examined if wild red clover populations collected from sites located in areas more conducive to gene flow (i.e. adjacent to roads, or drainage systems) had the same concordance between morphologic and RAPD markers as populations collected from sites less conducive to gene flow. We measured 15 morphologic traits in a common garden and carried out a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) analysis. There was a significant difference among the 33 populations for 14 out of 15 morphological traits. Morphology clustered the populations into classes that corresponded to three climate regimes. Classification schemes generated by morphologic and RAPD data did not coincide. Morphologic data corresponded with site data for populations collected at all sites. RAPD data corresponded to site data for only those populations collected at sites not conducive to gene flow. A population's adaptation to collection site needs to be considered in using neutral markers to effectively discriminating geographic differentiation. We discuss the practical lessons of this study on the effective collection, conservation and use of plant genetic resources. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Greene, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1023/B:GRES.0000024655.48989.ab PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 813SW UT WOS:000220927800010 ER PT J AU Krutovsky, KV Troggio, M Brown, GR Jermstad, KD Neale, DB AF Krutovsky, KV Troggio, M Brown, GR Jermstad, KD Neale, DB TI Comparative mapping in the Pinaceae SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; NUCLEAR-DNA AMOUNTS; SITE STS MARKERS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA AB A comparative genetic map was constructed between two important genera, of the family Pinaceae. Ten homologous linkage groups in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were identified using orthologous expressed sequence tag polymorphism (ESTP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The comparative mapping revealed extensive synteny and colinearity between genomes of the Pinaceae, consistent with the hypothesis of conservative chromosomal evolution in this important plant family. This study reports the first comparative map in forest trees at the family taxonomic level and establishes a framework for comparative genomics in Pinaceae. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Pacific SW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA,Dept Environm Hort,Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Pacific SW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA,Dept Environm Hort,Inst Forest Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 78 TC 77 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2004 VL 168 IS 1 BP 447 EP 461 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.028381 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 861CM UT WOS:000224393700035 PM 15454556 ER PT J AU Nordt, LC Wilding, LP Lynn, WC Crawford, CC AF Nordt, LC Wilding, LP Lynn, WC Crawford, CC TI Vertisol genesis in a humid climate of the coastal plain of Texas, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Vertisol; udic moisture regime; pedogenesis; soil mechanics model ID CLAY SOILS; INDIA; CRACKING; MICROMORPHOLOGY; MINERALOGY AB Numerous genetic studies of Vertisols have been conducted using qualitative and semi-quantitative methods across a broad range of climates. However, no detailed investigations exist on Vertisols formed in humid climates using multiple pedogenic techniques on both a microlow (ML) and microhigh (MH). Hence, we sampled and characterized a ML and MH from a Lake Charles pedon (mean annual rainfall = 1090 mm, mean annual temperature = 20 degreesC) in the late Pleistocene coastal plain Beaumont Formation of east Texas. According to the official series description the Lake Charles classifies as a fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Typic Hapludert with mollic and calcic diagnostic horizons. Coupled with field morphology and characterization data, micromorphology and constituent mass balance interpretations were used to reconstruct the major pathway of pedogenesis. In response to greater water recharge, the ML contains darker colors, more organic carbon, greater depth of carbonate leaching, and lower pH. The proportion of oxalate-extractable iron increases toward the surface and is in greater abundance in the ML than MH. In contrast, dithionite-extractable iron increases with depth and has similar quantities in both the ML and MH. The parent material and lower profiles contain asepic microfabric dominated by micaceous-rich coarse clay and silt. The asepic zone deep contains an abundance of soft carbonate masses and iron manganese segregations that appear to be forming contemporaneously, with the presence of argillans substantiating clay translocation during the early history of soil formation. Sepic microfabric dominates the upper profiles of both the ML and MH in part from the transformation of biotite to smectite, which is more pronounced in the microlow because of more intense weathering. Hard carbonate nodules and iron manganese concretions are abundant in the upper sepic zone and contain skelsepic microfabric, suggesting that they are no longer growing. Dilation was the dominant strain force during pedogenesis from volume expansion in response to crack infills and shrink-swell processes. Mass flux calculations indicate that total clay gains occurred in both the ML and MH during pedogenesis. Late Pleistocene Vertisols appear to approach steady state when forming in humid climates. The soil mechanics model best explains the observed depth distribution of properties, including slickensides, with pedoturbation playing a secondary role in the genesis of these humid-climate Vertisols. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Nordt, LC (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM lee_nordt@baylor.edu NR 40 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1 BP 83 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.020 PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 843SZ UT WOS:000223108100006 ER PT J AU Law, BE Turner, D Campbell, J Sun, OJ Van Tuyl, S Ritts, WD Cohen, WB AF Law, BE Turner, D Campbell, J Sun, OJ Van Tuyl, S Ritts, WD Cohen, WB TI Disturbance and climate effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across Western Oregon USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; carbon flux; respiration; net primary production; carbon stocks; soil carbon; carbon allocation; conifer forests ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LEAF-AREA; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS AB We used a spatially nested hierarchy of field and remote-sensing observations and a process model, Biome-BGC, to produce a carbon budget for the forested region of Oregon, and to determine the relative influence of differences in climate and disturbance among the ecoregions on carbon stocks and fluxes. The simulations suggest that annual net uptake (net ecosystem production (NEP)) for the whole forested region (8.2 million hectares) was 13.8 Tg C (168 g C m(-2) yr(-1)), with the highest mean uptake in the Coast Range ecoregion (226 g C m(-2) yr(-1)), and the lowest mean NEP in the East Cascades (EC) ecoregion (88 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). Carbon stocks totaled 2765 Tg C (33 700 g C m(-2)), with wide variability among ecoregions in the mean stock and in the partitioning above- and belowground. The flux of carbon from the land to the atmosphere that is driven by wildfire was relatively low during the late 1990s (similar to0.1 Tg C yr(-1)), however, wildfires in 2002 generated a much larger C source (similar to4.1 Tg C). Annual harvest removals from the study area over the period 1995-2000 were similar to5.5 Tg C yr(-1). The removals were disproportionately from the Coast Range, which is heavily managed for timber production (approximately 50% of all of Oregon's forest land has been managed for timber in the past 5 years). The estimate for the annual increase in C stored in long-lived forest products and land fills was 1.4 Tg C yr(-1). Net biome production (NBP) on the land, the net effect of NEP, harvest removals, and wildfire emissions indicates that the study area was a sink (8.2 Tg C yr(-1)). NBP of the study area, which is the more heavily forested half of the state, compensated for similar to52% of Oregon's fossil carbon dioxide emissions of 15.6 Tg C yr(-1) in 2000. The Biscuit Fire in 2002 reduced NBP dramatically, exacerbating net emissions that year. The regional total reflects the strong east-west gradient in potential productivity associated with the climatic gradient, and a disturbance regime that has been dominated in recent decades by commercial forestry. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Law, BE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 328 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bev.law@oregonstate.edu RI Van Tuyl, Steven/E-2814-2014; OI Van Tuyl, Steven/0000-0002-8752-272X; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Sun, Osbert/0000-0002-8815-5984 NR 78 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1429 EP 1444 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00822.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853HD UT WOS:000223817000001 ER PT J AU Kaakinen, S Kostiainen, K Ek, F Saranpaa, P Kubiske, ME Sober, J Karnosky, DF Vapaavuori, E AF Kaakinen, S Kostiainen, K Ek, F Saranpaa, P Kubiske, ME Sober, J Karnosky, DF Vapaavuori, E TI Stem wood properties of Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum saplings after 3 years of treatments to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen; birch; cell wall; alpha-cellulose; climate change; fibre; hemicellulose; lignin; maple; vessel ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWTH-RESPONSES; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; ASPEN CLONES; FOREST TREES; PICEA-ABIES; NITROGEN; ALLOCATION; SEEDLINGS AB The aim of this study was to examine the effects of elevated carbon dioxide [CO(2)] and ozone [O(3)] and their interaction on wood chemistry and anatomy of five clones of 3-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Wood chemistry was studied also on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedling-origin saplings of the same age. Material for the study was collected from the Aspen Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA, where the saplings had been exposed to four treatments: control (C; ambient CO(2), ambient O(3)), elevated CO(2) (560 ppm during daylight hours), elevated O(3) (1.5 x ambient during daylight hours) and their combination (CO(2)+O(3)) for three growing seasons (1998-2000). Wood chemistry responses to the elevated CO(2) and O(3) treatments differed between species. Aspen was most responsive, while maple was the least responsive of the three tree species. Aspen genotype affected the responses of wood chemistry and, to some extent, wood structure to the treatments. The lignin concentration increased under elevated O(3) in four clones of aspen and in birch. However, elevated CO(2) ameliorated the effect. In two aspen clones, nitrogen in wood samples decreased under combined exposure to CO(2) and O(3). Soluble sugar concentration in one aspen clone and starch concentration in two clones were increased by elevated CO(2). In aspen wood, alpha-cellulose concentration changed under elevated CO(2), decreasing under ambient O(3) and slightly increasing under elevated O(3). Hemicellulose concentration in birch was decreased by elevated CO(2) and increased by elevated O(3). In aspen, elevated O(3) induced statistically significant reductions in distance from the pith to the bark and vessel lumen diameter, as well as increased wall thickness and wall percentage, and in one clone, decreased fibre lumen diameter. Our results show that juvenile wood properties of broadleaves, depending on species and genotype, were altered by atmospheric gas concentrations predicted for the year 2050 and that CO(2) ameliorates some adverse effects of elevated O(3) on wood chemistry. C1 Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. Vantaa Res Ctr, Finnish Forest Res Inst, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Kaakinen, S (reprint author), Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. EM seija.kaakinen@metla.fi RI Saranpaa, Pekka/C-2114-2008 NR 59 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1513 EP 1525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00814.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853HD UT WOS:000223817000008 ER PT J AU Jones, G Bryant, VM AF Jones, G Bryant, VM TI The use of ETOH for the dilution of honey SO GRANA LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND HONEYS; POLLEN ANALYSIS; MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; UNIFLORAL HONEYS; MELISSOPALYNOLOGY; EXTRACTIVES; CANADA; GRAINS AB Since the beginning of honey production, certain honey types are preferred because they taste better, are better for cooking, or do not rapidly crystallize. Pollen found in honey is used to determine the honey's type. Techniques used to extract pollen from honey vary in the amount of honey examined, the amount of water used to dilute the honey, and the time and speed of centrifugation. These variations address the disparity in pollen recovery that is due to the specific gravity and sinking rates of the different pollen types. Ethyl alcohol (ETOH) was used as a dilution liquid for honey and compared to two water-dilution techniques, one with a short centrifugation time (1 minute) and the other using a long centrifugation time (10 minutes). The ETOH samples were centrifuged for 3 minutes. All samples were centrifuged at 4000 r.p.m. Significantly higher pollen concentration values were found in the ETOH-diluted samples. Pollen concentration values of the ETOH-diluted samples were 5.26 times greater than water-diluted, short centrifugation samples, and 3.26 times greater than water-diluted, long centrifugation samples. ETOH-diluted samples produced 16% more taxa than the water-diluted short centrifugation technique, and 10% more taxa than the water-diluted long centrifugation technique. The pollen spectra were not consistent across the three techniques. Additional research is needed to determine the efficiency of other ETOH concentrations in recovering pollen from honey. We recommend that the ETOH-dilution technique become the standard technique for the extraction of pollen from honey for pollen analyses because of the improved pollen recovery. C1 ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Palynol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jones, G (reprint author), ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM g-jones@tamu.edu; vbryant@neo.tamu.edu NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PD SEP PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1080/00173130410019497 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 851KK UT WOS:000223683800004 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH Ferro, PJ Rothwell, L Pevzner, IY Kaiser, P AF Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH Ferro, PJ Rothwell, L Pevzner, IY Kaiser, P TI Differential cytokine mRNA expression in heterophils isolated from Salmonella-resistant and -susceptible chickens SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; heterophils; salmonella; chickens ID ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; PLATELET PROTEIN; OXIDATIVE BURST AB We recently showed that increased in vitro heterophil functional efficiency translates to increased in vivo resistance to a systemic Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection utilizing a parental pair of broiler chickens (lines A and B) and the F1 reciprocal crosses (C and D). Heterophils produce cytokines and modulate acute protection against Salmonella in young poultry. Therefore, we hypothesize that heterophils from SE-resistant chickens (A and D) have the ability to produce an up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine response compared to that of heterophils from SE-susceptible chickens (B and C). In this study, heterophils were isolated from day-old chickens and treated with either RPMI-1640 (as the control), or phagocytic agonists (SE, or SE opsonized with either normal chicken serum or immune serum against SE) and cytokine mRNA expression assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Heterophils from SE-resistant chickens (A and D) had significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-18) mRNA expression upon treatment with all agonists compared to heterophils from SE-susceptible lines (B and C). Further, heterophils from SE-resistant chickens had significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, when compared to heterophils from SE-susceptible chickens. These data indicate cytokine gene expression in heterophils may be a useful parameter in determining resistance to Salmonella, as indicated by our previous in vivo SE studies. Therefore, heterophil functional efficiency and cytokine production may be useful biomarkers for poultry breeders to consider when developing new immunocompetent lines of birds. C1 Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. ARS, USDA, SPARC, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR USA. RP Kaiser, P (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. EM pete.kaiser@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 55 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 113 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01939.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 845YS UT WOS:000223282000016 PM 15312145 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Knickman, E Miska, KB Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Hill, DE Jenkins, MC Lindsay, DS Greene, CE AF Dubey, JP Sreekumar, C Knickman, E Miska, KB Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Hill, DE Jenkins, MC Lindsay, DS Greene, CE TI Biologic, morphologic, and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum isolates from littermate dogs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neosporosis; Neospora caninum; isolation; mice; gerbils; cell culture; bradyzoites; ultrastructure; sequence analysis; schizogony ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TISSUE CYSTS; HAMMONDIA-HEYDORNI; INFECTED-TISSUES; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; DIFFERENTIATION; BRADYZOITES; MICE; CATS AB Isolation and biologic and molecular attributes of Neospora caninum from three littermate dogs are described. Tissue cysts were confined to the brain and striated muscles. N. caninum was isolated (isolates NC-6, NC-7, and NC-8) in rodents and cell culture that had been inoculated with brain tissue from the dogs. Schizont-like stages reactive with N. caninum antibodies were seen in cell cultures seeded with bradyzoites released from Percoll-isolated N. caninum tissue cysts from the brain of one dog. Tissue cysts were infective orally to mice and gerbils, but not to cats and dogs. The isolates were also identified as N. caninum by PCR and sequence analysis. (C) 2004 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Madonna Vet Clin, White Hall, MD 21161 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1157 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.07.005 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 861XZ UT WOS:000224453200007 PM 15380687 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE Palmer, GH LeRoith, T Florin-Christensen, M Crabb, B McElwain, TF AF Suarez, CE Palmer, GH LeRoith, T Florin-Christensen, M Crabb, B McElwain, TF TI Intergenic regions in the rhoptry associated protein-1 (rap-1) locus promote exogenous gene expression in Babesia bovis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; rhoptry associated protein-1; transfection; electroporation; luciferase; promoter ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INVITRO CULTIVATION; MALARIA PARASITES; TRANSFECTION; APICOMPLEXA; ORGANELLES; ANTIBODIES; MEROZOITE; SEQUENCE; EPITOPES AB Members of the Babesia rap-1 gene family are expressed during multiple parasite stages, and are regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In all Babesia species, tandemly arranged rap-1 gene copies are separated by an intergervic (IG) region that is hypothesized to regulate gene expression. In this study, we tested that hypothesis by determining whether the Babesia bovis rap-1 IG region could promote extra-chromosomal expression of exogenous genes introduced into merozoites by transfection, and whether a tandem arrangement of IG regions similar to the rap-1 locus enhances exogenous gene expression. Initially, electroporation conditions of B. bovis parasites were determined using expression of the reporter luciferase gene. Both B. bovis transfected by electroporation and Escherichia coli transformed with plasmid p40-15-luc containing the luciferase gene under the control of the B. bovis rap-1 IG and 3(l) flanking regions were able to express luciferase, indicating that the rap-I IG region contains a functional promoter. The chromosomal organization of the B. bovis rap-1 locus includes two identical rap-1 open reading frames and IG regions in a head to tail orientation. To determine whether this orientation enhanced expression of exogenous genes, plasmid constructs containing two rap-I-IG regions controlling expression of the luc and human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr) genes, and oriented either in head to head (pLuc-H- 13) or head to tail (pLuc-H- 18) arrangement, were compared. The head to tail orientation of the gene cassettes resulted in a significant increase in the level of luciferase as compared to either head to head orientation or a single IG region construct (p40-15-luc). Thus, an organization that mimics the native structure of the rap-1 locus results in enhanced luciferase expression. These results are the first to demonstrate exogenous gene expression in B. bovis after transfection, and to confirm that the B. bovis rap-1 IG region can promote extra-chromosomal gene expression in vivo. (C) 2004 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008; OI LeRoith, Tanya/0000-0002-1196-6949 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 K08 AI51391-02] NR 23 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1177 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.07.001 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 861XZ UT WOS:000224453200009 PM 15380689 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R TI A mathematical model of varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) and honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman; honeybee; population dynamics model ID JACOBSONI OUD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARALYSIS VIRUS; BEE; COLONIES; INFESTATION; PATHOGENS; PARASITE; NUMBER; GROWTH AB A mathematical model of population interactions between Varroa destructor and a honeybee colony is described. Validation tests indicate that the model generates mite population predictions that are similar to those from actual colonies including: weekly mite-drop, daily rates of population increase, and exponential growth rates for mite populations. The model predicts that colony survival thresholds for mite populations and the effectiveness of miticides such as fluvalinate are dependent on climate and the yearly brood rearing cycle in a colony. Miticides applied in the late summer provide the best chances for the survival of heavily infested colonies. The model also predicts that large mite populations treated with miticides in the spring will recover by autumn to levels similar to those in untreated colonies. This is because in the treated colonies the surviving mites infest drone brood at lower numbers per cell and this increases reproductive success and hence the growth rate of the mite population. C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ USA. EM gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 21 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 259 EP 274 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 850GX UT WOS:000223600300006 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO AF Ukuku, DO TI Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on microbial quality and appearance of whole and fresh-cut melons contaminated with Salmonella spp. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; honeydew; fresh-cut pieces; Salmonella; hydrogen peroxide ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SHELF-LIFE; VEGETABLES; CANTALOUPE; GROWTH; CHLORINE; SURFACE; WATERMELON; STABILITY AB The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. inoculated on the external surface of cantaloupe and honeydew melon was investigated. Salmonella was inoculated onto whole cantaloupe and honeydew melon to a final concentration of 4.65 log(10) CFU/cm(2) and 3.13 log(10) CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated whole melons stored at 5degreesC for up to 7 days were washed with water, 2.5% and 5% hydrogen peroxide at day 0 and 5. Hydrogen peroxide (2.5% and 5%) treatments of whole melon for 5 min caused a 3 log(10) CFU/cm(2) reduction of the indigenous surface microflora and a 3.0 log(10) CFU/cm(2) reduction in Salmonella spp. on all melon surfaces. The efficacy of the hydrogen peroxide treatments was less when the interval between inoculation and treatment of cantaloupe exceeded 24 h. Unlike cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces, Salmonella was not recovered from fresh-cut pieces prepared from treated whole honeydew melon. Growth of Salmonella occurred in cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces stored at 10 or 20 degreesC, and by 2 weeks, levels reached approximately 1 log CFU/g. A rapid decline in appearance and overall acceptability was observed in fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated whole cantaloupe. While Salmonella was recovered from fresh-cut pieces from and whole treated cantaloupe, sanitizing the surface of contaminated whole melons with hydrogen peroxide before and after cutting and storage of the fresh-cut pieces at 5 degreesC can enhance the microbial safety and acceptability rating for about 2 weeks after processing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dukuku@arserrc.gov NR 39 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 847RW UT WOS:000223413600004 PM 15282126 ER PT J AU Liming, SH Bhagwat, AA AF Liming, SH Bhagwat, AA TI Application of a molecular beacon - real-time PCR technology to detect Salmonella species contaminating fruits and vegetables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial food safety; ready-to-eat produce; foodborne pathogens ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; RAPID DETECTION; REACTION ASSAY; MULTIPLEX PCR; FRESH FRUITS; FOOD; OUTBREAK AB An oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target DNA (molecular beacon; MB) was evaluated in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of Salmonella species. As few as 1-4 colony-forming units (CFU) per PCR reaction could be detected. The capability of the assay to detect Salmonella species from artificially inoculated fresh-cut produce such as cantaloupe, mixed-salad, cilantro, and alfalfa sprouts was demonstrated. A comparison of two commercially available kits utilizing MB-PCR (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and conventional Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved PCR (BAX, Dupont Qualicon) was performed on artificially inoculated produce. As few as 4 CFU/25 g of produce were detected after 16 h of enrichment in buffered peptone broth. These assays could be carried out entirely in sealed PCR tubes, enabling a rapid and high-throughput detection of Salmonella species in a large number of food and environmental samples. This is the first report of the application of MB probe being used for realtime detection of Salmonella species in whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ngee Ann Polytech, Sch Life Sci & Chem Technol, Singapore 599489, Singapore. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 847RW UT WOS:000223413600008 PM 15282130 ER PT J AU Lay, DC Carroll, JA Wessner, GD Toscano, MJ McMunn, KA AF Lay, DC Carroll, JA Wessner, GD Toscano, MJ McMunn, KA TI Both psychological stress and physical stress alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in swine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 190 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 842YF UT WOS:000223039900468 ER PT J AU Browning-Aiken, A Richter, H Goodrich, D Strain, B Varady, R AF Browning-Aiken, A Richter, H Goodrich, D Strain, B Varady, R TI Upper San Pedro Basin: Fostering collaborative binational watershed management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Seminar on Towards Integrated Catchment Management - Increasing the Dialogue between Scientists, Policymakers and Stakeholders held at the Third World Water Forum CY MAR, 2003 CL Shiga, JAPAN ID RESOLUTION AB Successful binational planning and management of water resources is a complex process dependent on informed decision-making across diverse economic, social and political sectors. Additional technical and scientific information is often required as a part of this process. A critical factor in this process is how effectively social and physical scientists can help build collaboration and trust among stakeholders, water and land managers, and policy-makers. Within the international San Pedro River Basin, disparities between Mexico and the USA regarding economic development and political orientation, combined with a highly variable and complex physical setting, suggest that the successful engagement of scientists with communities and stakeholders will be essential for addressing challenges in water management. Based upon concepts associated with collective action theory, adaptive management and conflict resolution, the present paper proposes a process for fostering collaborative binational water management in basins such as the San Pedro that span international borders. C1 Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Upper San Pedro Partnership, Sierra Vista, AZ USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Browning-Aiken, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, 803 E 1st St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM browning@email.arizona.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Varady, Robert/0000-0002-3521-9649 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0790-0627 J9 INT J WATER RESOUR D JI Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1080/0790062042000248574 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 852WX UT WOS:000223788600008 ER EF