FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B AF Feng, G Sharratt, B TI Sensitivity analysis of soil and PM10 loss in WEPS using the LHS-OAT method SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE air quality; Columbia Plateau; creep; PM10; saltation; sensitivity analysis; soil wind erosion; suspension; WEPS ID WIND EROSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WHEAT HARVEST; WATER-USE; MODEL; SEDIMENT; TILLAGE; GROWTH; SCALE; CONSERVATION AB The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) was developed for the specific application of simulating erosion processes from agricultural lands. WEPS is a physically based model, with a moderate to large number of input parameters. Knowledge about model sensitivity is essential to both model developers and users in ascertaining those parameters most influential to modeled object functions. A combined method of Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and one factor-at-a-time (OAT) parameter examination was used to assess the sensitivity of parameters in the WEPS erosion submodel in simulating total soil loss, creep/saltation, suspension, and PM10 emission. The ranges of the parameters considered in this analysis were obtained from the WEPS User's Manual and determined for the Columbia Plateau region of the U.S. Overall, the analysis indicated that the model was most sensitive to changes in biomass flat cover, near-surface soil water content, ridge height, wind speed, rock volume, soil wilting-point water content, field length and width, crust cover, aggregate and crust stability, and random roughness. The model was least sensitive to changes in bulk density silt content, and aggregate and crust density. For the Columbia Plateau, erosion processes were more sensitive to surface soil water content and random roughness in spring than in autumn and more sensitive to residue cover and aggregate mean diameter in autumn than in spring. This sensitivity analysis suggests that residue management, surface soil moisture conservation, aggregation, and field size can effectively influence soil loss and PM10 emission. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gfeng@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1420 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300012 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO AF Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Sokhansanj, S Pordesimo, LO TI Sorption equilibrium moisture characteristics of selected corn stover components SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; biomass; corn; equilibrium; isotherms; moisture content; relative humidity; sorption; storage; stover ID ISOTHERMS; EQUATIONS; BIOMASS; WHEAT; RICE AB Corn stover equilibrium moisture isotherms were developed to aide biomass engineering of consistent, uniform-quality feedstock supplies for renewable bioenergy and bioproducts. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) sorption data of corn leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith were experimentally determined using the static gravimetric method at six temperatures ranging from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C and at ten ERH values ranging from 0.11 to 0.98. The greatest EMC values for corn leaf and stalk pith generally corresponded with ERH below and above 0.90, respectively, at all temperatures. Only at some intermediate ERH range at 20 degrees C to 40 degrees C was stalk skin EMC greater than stalk pith EMC. Corn stover components followed a type II isotherm typically observed among food materials. EMC of all components was proportional to ERH and inversely proportional to temperature. Observed EMC ranges were 3.9% to 56.4%, 3.1% to 41.1%, and 2.7% to 71.5% dry basis (d.b.) for corn leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith, respectively. Calculated whole-stalk EMC values ranged from 3.1% to 49.2% d.b. Isotherm data were fitted with the EMC model of Henderson, and modified versions of Henderson, Chung-Pfost, Halsey Oswin, and Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer The modified Oswin model (R-2 > 0.98; F > 2085) followed by the modified Halsey model (R-2 > 0.97; F > 1758) produced the best fit for corn stover components studied. The Henderson, modified Henderson, and modified Chung-Pfost models were not suitable since these models did not produce randomized residuals. The modified Oswin model (R-2 = 0.99; F = 6274) best described the stalk EMC. Results have practical applications in corn stover collection method and timing; process handling, grinding, and drying requirements; transportation efficiency of dry matter; and necessary storage environment, shelf life, and potential microorganism safety hazards. For example, results indicated that higher EMC values for corn stover leaf may result in greater propensity for the onset of mold growth and may determine minimal storage requirements or potential advantages in separating leaf from stalk fractions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USDA ARS, Instrument & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM aworriac@utk.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1449 EP 1460 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300016 ER PT J AU Macias-Corral, MA Samani, ZA Hanson, AT DelaVega, R Funk, PA AF Macias-Corral, MA Samani, ZA Hanson, AT DelaVega, R Funk, PA TI Producing energy and soil amendment from dairy manure and cotton gin waste SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE anaerobic digestion; animal waste; cotton gin waste; energy; environment; soil amendment AB Millions of tonnes of feedlot manure and cotton gin waste are generated in the U.S. each year. Dairy and feedlot operations in New Mexico produce 1.2 million tonnes of manure annually. Traditionally, manure has been used as a soil amendment in agriculture. However, land application of manure is limited in New Mexico due to problems with salinity, potential groundwater contamination, and limited availability of agricultural land. Waste treatment alternatives are sought. A two-phase anaerobic digestion system was used to evaluate the feasibility of producing methane and soil amendment from mixed agricultural wastes. Cotton gin waste and dairy manure were combined and used as feedstock. Under mesophilic conditions, 48% of the combined waste was converted into biogas. The gas yield was 87 m(3) of methane per tonne of mixed waste. Methane concentration in the biogas averaged 72%. Gas production with mixed waste increased 35% compared to digesting dairy waste alone. Nutrient analyses of the residuals showed that they could be used as soil amendments. Residual solid material from the two-phase anaerobic digester had a considerably higher nitrogen and lower sodium content than aerobically composted manure. Anaerobic digestion lasted from one to three months and required 0.15 m(3) of water per 1 m(3) of waste. Aerobic composting of similar waste in New Mexico takes eight to nine months and consumes 1.2 m3 of water per 1 m(3) of waste. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil & Geol Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. RP Samani, ZA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil & Geol Engn, MSC 3CE,POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zsamani@nmsu.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1521 EP 1526 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300024 ER PT J AU Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Ellison, AQ Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ Baird, CL AF Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Ellison, AQ Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ Baird, CL TI Solid-liquid separation of swine manure with polymer treatment and sand filtration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE animal waste; flocculation; liquid-solids separation; manure treatment; nutrient removal; phosphorus; polyacrylamide; swine wastewater AB Small particles typical of liquid swine manure often clog sand filter beds and fine filters. We evaluated the effectiveness of polymer flocculants to improve drainage and filtration performance of sand filter beds by increasing the particle size of manure. A pilot separation unit was evaluated at the Swine Unit of the NCSU Lake Wheeler Road Laboratory in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 40 consecutive cycles during a 20-month period. The unit consisted of a homogenization tank that mixed the flushed swine manure, an in-line polymer mixer, and two sand filter beds (29.7 m(2)) designed to receive 30.5 cm (1 ft) depth of the polymer-treated effluent. Flocculation treatment using polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer improved drainage characteristics of the sand filter by preventing clogging and surface sealing. The combination of flocculation and filtration treatment removed 97% of total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), 85% of biochemical oxygen demand (BODS), and 83% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the flushed manure. Along with the solids, treatment resulted in capture of 61% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and 72% total phosphorus (TP). Most of the nutrients removed in the solids were organic forms. Drying time to produce removable cakes varied significantly with the loading rate of solids applied to the sand filter bed. A load of < 2 kg TSS m(-2) per drying cycle allowed completion of the drying cycle in about 8 days, which is desirable to reduce potential fly problems. Our results indicate that PAM flocculation enhances performance of dewatering sand filter beds for swine manure applications. C1 USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM vanotti@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1567 EP 1574 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300030 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR AF Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Chen, YR TI Detection of fecal contamination in apple calyx by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apples; food safety; imaging; measurement techniques ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; OUTBREAK; CIDER; PATHOGENS; JUICE AB Feces is a suspected source of contamination of apples by disease-causing organisms such as E. coli O157:H7. Laser-induced fluorescence imaging was used to detect applications of 20 mu L of 1:20 or 1:200 dilutions of dairy cow feces to the calyx of Red Delicious apples. Detection of the 1:20 dilution was 100% even after washing the apples. Detection of the 1:200 dilution was more difficult, and no sign of contamination was seen for 25% of the apples, presumably because the petals on the calyx screened the small contamination sites. For the other 75% of the 1:200 treated apples with visual signs of contamination, about 75% of the contamination sites could be detected before washing and 58% after washing. These findings suggest that the calyx, with its petal structure, will hinder detection of very low levels of fecal contamination on apples, but that moderate levels of contamination equivalent to about 150 ng of dry matter can easily be detected. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1593 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300032 ER PT J AU Yang, C Fernandez, CJ Everitt, JH AF Yang, C Fernandez, CJ Everitt, JH TI Mapping phymatotrichum root rot of cotton using airborne three-band digital imagery SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE accuracy assessment; buffer zone; cotton root rot; cotton yield; lint quality; multispectral imagery; unsupervised classification ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; CROP AB Phymatotrichum root rot, caused by the fungus Phymatotrichum omnivorum, is a serious and destructive disease that significantly reduces cotton yield and lowers lint quality. Cultural practices are commonly recommended for the control of cotton root rot, and fungicides and fumigants that may suppress the disease have also been used. Because of the high costs of these chemicals, their use may be economically feasible only when the infested portions of the field are treated. The objective of this study was to evaluate airborne multispectral imagery for detecting and mapping root rot areas in cotton fields for site-specific management of the disease. One center-pivot irrigated field and one rainfed field near Corpus Christi, Texas, were selected for this study. Airborne three-band digital imagery was taken from the two fields shortly before harvest in 2001 when the infested areas with wilted and dead plants were almost fully pronounced for the season. The imagery was georeferenced and then classified into healthy and root rot areas using unsupervised classification. Accuracy assessment on the classification maps for the two fields indicated that airborne imagery effectively and accurately identified root rot areas within the fields. Ground samples taken from the fields showed that cotton yield and some lint quality indices were significantly lower in root rot areas than in healthy areas. Buffer zones around the root rot areas were generated to account for the spread of cotton root rot on the classification maps. The mapping procedures and maps presented in this study will be useful for site-specific management of the disease. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1626 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 961KX UT WOS:000231662300035 ER PT J AU Valentine, HT Makela, A AF Valentine, HT Makela, A TI Bridging process-based and empirical approaches to modeling tree growth SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling Forest Production CY APR 19-21, 2004 CL BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE carbon balance; crown length; crown rise; diameter; height; optimal control model; pipe model; self-thinning ID BRANCH AUTONOMY; CARBON BALANCE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; HEIGHT GROWTH; ROOT BIOMASS; DRY-MATTER; STAND; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS; SPRUCE AB The gulf between process-based and empirical approaches to modeling tree growth may be bridged, in part, by the use of a common model. To this end, we have formulated a process-based model of tree growth that can be fitted and applied in an empirical mode. The growth model is grounded in pipe model theory and an optimal control model of crown development. Together, the pipe model and the optimal control model provide a framework for expressing the components of tree biomass in terms of three standard inventory variables: tree height, crown height and stem cross-sectional area. Growth rates of the inventory variables and the components of biomass are formulated from a carbon balance. Fundamentally, the parameters of the model comprise physiological rates and morphological ratios. In principle, the values of these parameters may be estimated by lower-level process models. Alternatively, the physiological and morphological parameters combine, under reasonable assumptions, into a set of aggregate parameters, whose values can be estimated from inventory data with a statistical fitting procedure. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Valentine, HT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM h.valentine@fs.fed.us OI Makela, Annikki/0000-0001-9633-7350 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 14 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 769 EP 779 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 940SL UT WOS:000230164300002 PM 15870047 ER PT J AU Hollinger, DY Richardson, AD AF Hollinger, DY Richardson, AD TI Uncertainty in eddy covariance measurements and its application to physiological models SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Modeling Forest Production CY APR 19-21, 2004 CL BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci DE AmeriFlux; forest CO2 exchange; Howland; Monte Carlo ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; LONG-TERM; FIR FOREST; ERRORS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; TURBULENCE AB Flux data are noisy, and this uncertainty is largely due to random measurement error. Knowledge of uncertainty is essential for the statistical evaluation of modeled and measured fluxes, for comparison of parameters derived by fitting models to measured fluxes and in formal data-assimilation efforts. We used the difference between simultaneous measurements from two towers located less than 1 km apart to quantify the distributional characteristics of the measurement error in fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sensible and latent heat (H and LE, respectively). Flux measurement error more closely follows a double exponential than a normal distribution. The CO2 flux uncertainty is negatively correlated with mean wind speed, whereas uncertainty in H and LE is positively correlated with net radiation flux. Measurements from a single tower made 24 h apart under similar environmental conditions can also be used to characterize flux uncertainty. Uncertainty calculated by this method is somewhat higher than that derived from the two-tower approach. We demonstrate the use of flux uncertainty in maximum likelihood parameter estimates for simple physiological models of daytime net carbon exchange. We show that inferred model parameters are highly correlated, and that hypothesis testing is therefore possible only when the joint distribution of the model parameters is taken into account. C1 USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hollinger, DY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM dhollinger@fs.fed.us RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; NR 33 TC 259 Z9 268 U1 3 U2 49 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 873 EP 885 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 940SL UT WOS:000230164300010 PM 15870055 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. TI Establishing bahiagrass in subtropical beef cattle pastures with lake-dredged materials SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE dredging; bahiagrass; beef cattle pasture; sediment management; subtropics; liming; soil fertility AB Dredged materials are often viewed by society and regulators as pollutants, but many have used these materials in coastal nutrient enhancement, land or wetland creation, construction materials, and for soil improvement as a soil amendment. The objective of this study was: to assess lake-dredged materials as a soil amendment for early establishment of bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flugge) in subtropical beef cattle pasture. The treatment combinations consisted of five test plots (30.5 m x 30.5 m). Each of the plots had different ratio,of lake-dredged materials (LDM) to natural soil (NS): Plot 1 [0% dry matter (DM) + 100% NS]; Plot 2 (25% DM + 75% NS); Plot 3 (50% DM + 50% NS); Plot 4 (75% DM + 25% NS); and Plot 5 (100% DM + 0% NS). Each plot was seeded with BG and growth establishment and yield were monitored for 34 weeks. Results disclosed significantly taller (P <= 0.001) BG and higher biomass production (P <= 0.001) from plots amended with DM than those of BG planted on plots with 0% DM. Results suggest that DM can serve as source of lime and fertilizer to establish BG beef pasture fields in the subtropics. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI ST AUGUSTINE PA UNIV WEST INDIES, FAC OF AGRICULTURE,, ST AUGUSTINE, TRINID & TOBAGO SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA V44RF UT WOS:000203019100031 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Neosporosis in cattle SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; CANINUM INFECTION; DAIRY HERDS; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DEFINITIVE HOSTS AB Neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite of animals. It is a major cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. Domestic dogs and coyotes are the only known definitive hosts for N caninum. It is one of the most efficiently transmitted infections of cattle, and up to 90% of cattle in some herds are infected. Transplacental transmission is considered the major route of transmission of N caninum in cattle. There is no proven vaccine to prevent N caninum abortion. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 67 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 EI 1558-4240 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 473 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2005.03.004 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 944MQ UT WOS:000230433500012 PM 15955441 ER PT J AU Peterson, S AF Peterson, S TI Calving problems in beef cows SO VETERINARY TECHNICIAN LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Peterson, S (reprint author), USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI YARDLEY PA 780 TOWNSHIP LINE RD, YARDLEY, PA 19067-4200 USA SN 8750-8990 J9 VET TECH JI Vet. Tech. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 26 IS 7 BP 508 EP + PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 947JC UT WOS:000230638500016 ER PT J AU Slate, D Rupprecht, CE Rooney, JA Donovan, D Lein, DH Chipman, RB AF Slate, D Rupprecht, CE Rooney, JA Donovan, D Lein, DH Chipman, RB TI Status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the United States SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE rabies virus; terrestrial rabies; oral rabies vaccination-; bait; barrier; Vaccima; Carnivora; carnivores; raccoon; coyote; gray fox; red foxy; skunk; bat ID RACCOON RABIES; TRANSLOCATED RACCOONS; GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS; FOXES; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; ONTARIO; FIELD AB Persistence of multiple variants of rabies virus in wild Chiroptera and Carnivora presents a continuing challenge to medical, veterinary and wildlife management professionals. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) targeting specific Carnivora species has emerged as an integral adjunct to conventional rabies control strategies to protect humans and domestic animals. ORV has been applied with progress toward eliminating rabies in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Europe and southern Ontario, Canada. More recently since 1995, coordinated ORV was implemented among eastern states in the U.S.A. to prevent spread of raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies and to contain and eliminate variants of rabies virus in the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and coyote (Canis latrans) in Texas. In this paper, we describe the current cooperative ORV program in the U.S.A. and discuss the importance of coordination of surveillance and rabies control programs in Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A. Specifically, several priorities have been identified for these programs to succeed, which include additional oral vaccines, improved baits to reach target species, optimized ORV strategies, effective communication and legal strategies to limit translocation across ORV barriers, and access to sufficient long-term funding. These key priorities must be addressed to ensure that ORV has the optimal chance of achieving long range programmatic goals of eliminating specific variants of rabies virus in North American terrestrial carnivores. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY USA. RP Slate, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 59 Chenell Dr,Suite 7, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM dennis.slate@aphis.usda.gov NR 56 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.012 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900008 PM 15896404 ER PT J AU Konomi, K Savabi, M Shinde, D Jayachandran, K Nkedi-Kizza, P Reed, S AF Konomi, K Savabi, M Shinde, D Jayachandran, K Nkedi-Kizza, P Reed, S TI Water and atrazine movement in a calcareous compost applied soil during simulated multiple storms events SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atrazine adsorption and desorption; compost amendments; leaching of atrazine; soil water content ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; SOUTH FLORIDA; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT AB The retention and movement of water and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) was investigated in a calcareous soil (Krome) amended with three types of compost: (1) Clean organic waste (COW)- municipal solid waste cleaned of plastic materials and metal containers, (2) Biosolids (BSD)- sludge from municipal waste and (3) Bedminster (BDM)-a mixture containing 75% COW and 25% BSD. The research was conducted in two phases; a column-leaching study (dynamic) and a batch-equilibrium method (static). The column study demonstrated that while applying simulated rain, atrazine, leached out at a slower rate by 41, 24, and 18% from soil amended with BDM, BSD, and COW composts, respectively, during the first simulated storm event. BDM application resulted in lowest water movement and atrazine-leaching rate compared to the other composts tested. This study suggests that adding 134 t ha(-1) of compost to the calcareous soil increased soil water holding capacity, reduced water movement and increased atrazine detention and reduced leaching potential of atrazine thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution. This study further demonstrates that soil amendment (particularly BDM) is effective in reducing the leaching potential of atrazine at the low rainfall amounts (corresponding to 0.5 pore volume). However, such amendment may not be effective in preventing leaching under more intense rain conditions or multiple rainfall events (corresponding to 3 or more pore volumes). C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Savabi, M (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM rsavabi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-6569-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 954LM UT WOS:000231156600023 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Jia, Y Chao, WS AF Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Jia, Y Chao, WS TI Cloning, characterization, and expression of growth regulator CYCLIN D3-2 in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bud dormancy; cell cycle; growth; cyclins ID CELL-DIVISION; AXILLARY BUDS; DORMANCY; ARABIDOPSIS; CYCLE; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS; DATABASE; PLANTS; GENES AB We have isolated both a genomic and near full length cDNA clone for a D-class cyclin gene from the perennial weed leafy spurge. Sequence analysis indicates that this gene has the highest similarity to CYCLIN D3-2 of Arabidopsis. This gene is preferentially expressed in growing shoot apices and is up-regulated in adventitious buds on resumption of growth following loss of correlative inhibition (apical dominance). CYCLIN D3-2 is also induced in nongrowing adventitious buds of plants treated with gibberellic acid or after removal of leaves-treatments known to upregulate expression of G1 to S phase transition-specific genes such as HISTONE H3 in adventitious buds. CYCLIN D3-2 was not induced on removal of the apical and axillary buds. Expression of CYCLIN D3-2 is down-regulated in adventitious crown buds during initiation of ecodormancy in early winter. Sequence comparisons of CYCLIN D3-2 with its putative orthologue from Arabidopsis identified several conserved motifs in the promoter region and a conserved region capable of forming a stable hairpin loop in the 5' untranslated region. Conservation of these noncoding sequences across species strongly suggests they have a regulatory function. C1 USDA ARS, RRVARC, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, RRVARC, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1614/WS-04-214R1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 952JG UT WOS:000230999200003 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Shaner, DL Henry, WB Nadler-Hassar, T Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW AF Koger, CH Shaner, DL Henry, WB Nadler-Hassar, T Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW TI Assessment of two nondestructive assays for detecting glyphosate resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE absorbance; bioassay; glyphosate resistance; herbicide resistance; leaf dip; leaf disc; shikimate ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WEED-CONTROL; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; SHIKIMIC ACID; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; MORNINGGLORY; ACCUMULATION AB Two rapid, nondestructive assays were developed and tested for their potential in differentiating glyphosate-resistant from glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of horse-weed. In one assay, leaves of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible corn, cotton, and soybean plants, as well as glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible horseweed plants, were dipped in solutions of 0, 300, 600, and 1,200 mg ae L-1 glyphosate for 3 d, and subsequent injury was evaluated. In the second assay, plant sensitivity to glyphosate was evaluated in vivo by incubating excised leaf disc tissue from the same plants used in the first assay in 0.7, 1.3, 2.6, 5.3, 10.6, 21.1, 42.3, and 84.5 mg ae L-1 glyphosate solutions for 16 h and measuring shikimate levels with a spectrophotometer. The leaf dip assay differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops and horseweed biotypes. The 600 mg L-1 rate of glyphosate was more consistent in differentiating resistant and susceptible plants compared with the 300 and 1,200 mg L-1 rates. The in vivo assay detected significant differences between susceptible and glyphosate-resistant plants of all species. Shikimate accumulated in a glyphosate dose-dependent manner in leaf discs from susceptible crops, but shikimate did not accumulate in leaf discs from resistant crops, and levels were similar to nontreated leaf discs. Shikimate accumulated at high (>= 21.1 mg ae L-1) concentrations of glyphosate in leaf discs from all horseweed biotypes. Shikimate accumulated at low glyphosate concentrations (<= 10.6 mg L-1) in leaf discs from susceptible horseweed biotypes but not in resistant biotypes. Both assays were able to differentiate resistant from susceptible biotypes of horseweed and could have utility for screening other weed populations for resistance to glyphosate. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Weed Sci Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 17 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1614/WS-05-010R PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 952JG UT WOS:000230999200004 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Pillai, P Collins, RT AF Teasdale, JR Pillai, P Collins, RT TI Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; biologically based weed management; multiplicative model; phytotoxin; sustainable agriculture ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; YIELD AB Cover crop residues and other biologically based approaches often provide incomplete and inconsistent weed control. This research was conducted to evaluate interactions between hairy vetch residue on the surface of soil and the herbicide metolachlor. Herbicide was applied and incorporated with simulated rainfall before residue Placement, residue was applied to the soil surface at precise rates, and potentially confounding variables such as nitrogen and soil moisture were controlled in a greenhouse experiment. Emphasis was placed on the use of suboptimal rates of both residue and metolachlor to explore the potential synergistic interactions between these factors. Deviation from a multiplicative model that included a quadratic response to hairy vetch residue and a log-logistic response to metolachlor was used to demonstrate the presence or absence of synergism. This model effectively showed that emergence of smooth pigweed, common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf and early growth of smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters were reduced synergistically by the combination of hairy vetch residue and metolachlor. For example, smooth pigweed emergence was reduced 13% by 500 g m(-2) of hairy vetch residue alone and was reduced 16% by 10 g ha(-1) of metolachlor alone, but together, they reduced smooth pigweed emergence by 86%. This model could be used to determine synergistic interactions between any combination of a phytotoxin and a biologically based weed management approach that could be expressed in quantitative units. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 245, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM teasdale@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1614/WS-04-212R PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 952JG UT WOS:000230999200014 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Burton, MG Culpepper, AS York, AC Prostko, EP AF Webster, TM Burton, MG Culpepper, AS York, AC Prostko, EP TI Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): A tropical invader threatens agroecosystems of the southern United States SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic invasive weed; federal noxious weed; Benghal dayflower ID GERMINATION; RESISTANT; BIOLOGY; COTTON; WEEDS AB Tropical spiderwort (more appropriately called Benghal dayflower) poses a serious threat to crop production in the southern United States. Although tropical spiderwort has been present in the United States for more than seven decades, only recently has it become a pest in agricultural fields. Identified as an isolated weed problem in 1999, tropical spiderwort became the most troublesome weed in Georgia cotton by 2003. Contributing to the significance of tropical spiderwort as a troublesome weed is the lack of control afforded by most commonly used herbicides, especially glyphosate. Vegetative growth and flower production of tropical spiderwort were optimized between 30 and 35 C, but growth was sustained over a range of 20 to 40 C. These temperatures are common throughout much of the United States during summer months. At the very least, it appears that tropical spiderwort may be able to co-occur with cotton throughout the southeastern United States. The environmental limits of tropical spiderwort have not yet been determined. However, the rapid spread through Georgia and naturalization in North Carolina, coupled with its tolerance to current management strategies and aggressive growth habit, make tropical spiderwort a significant threat to agroecosystems in the southern United States. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1614/WT-04-234R.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700001 ER PT J AU Rainbolt, CR Thill, DC Zemetra, RS Shaner, DL AF Rainbolt, CR Thill, DC Zemetra, RS Shaner, DL TI Imidazolinone-resistant wheat acetolactate synthase in vivo response to imazamox SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop safety; herbicide tolerance; herbicide-resistant wheat; in vivo ALS assay ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; HERBICIDES; ASSAY AB Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the utility of an in vivo acetolactate synthase (ALS) assay for comparing sensitivity to imazamox among imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines. Ten single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat cultivars/lines, one two-gene and four single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines, and three pairs of heterozygous and homozygous imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat lines were evaluated in the assay experiments. Additionally, a dose-response assay was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars to imazamox on a whole plant level. The I-50 value (i.e., the imazamox dose that inhibited ALS activity by 50%) of the winter wheat cultivar 'Above' was 54 to 84% higher than the I-50, values of 99-420, 99-433, and CV-9804. However, based on the results of this study, it is unclear whether genetic background or market class (hard red winter vs. soft white winter) influences the level of ALS inhibition by imazamox. Teal 15A, the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivar had an I-50 value that was two to three times greater than the I-50 value of the single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines. The heterozygous imidazolinone-resistant wheat lines had I-50 values that were 69 to 81% less than the I-50 values of the homozygous lines. In the whole plant dose response, the R-50 values (i.e., the imazamox dose that reduced biomass by 50%) of the susceptible cultivars Brundage 96 and Conan were 15 to 17 times less than the homozygous single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter and spring cultivars/lines, whose R-50 values were about 1.7 times less than the R-50 value of the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat line, Teal 15A. The results of the in vivo ALS imazamox assays and the whole plant imazamox dose-response assay were similar, indicating that the in vivo assay can be used to accurately and quickly compare resistance between imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines. C1 Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rainbolt, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM crrainbolt@ifas.ufl.edu OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1614/WT-03-215R1.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700007 ER PT J AU Monaco, TA Osmond, TM Dewey, SA AF Monaco, TA Osmond, TM Dewey, SA TI Medusahead control with fall- and spring-applied herbicides on northern Utah foothills SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; Bromus tectorum L.; Aegilops cylindrical host.; invasive annual grass; great basin; revegetation; BROTE; AEGCY ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; ANNUAL GRASSES; NITROGEN; ASPERUM; LITTER; COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; BASIN; FIRE AB Medusahead is an aggressive, nonnative, winter annual grass that infests rangelands in the western United States. Its ability to rapidly spread, outcompete native vegetation, and destroy forage potential is a primary concern for landowners and land managers exposed to this weed. Prescribed burns were conducted at a low- and high-litter site in northern Utah prior to conducting experiments to evaluate the effects of fall and spring applications of sulfometuron at 39 or 79 g ai/ha and imazapic at 70 or 140 g ai/ha on medusahead and associated perennial grasses, annual and perennial forbs, and bare ground cover. Large differences in pretreatment medusahead litter between the sites resulted in less surface area burning at the low-litter site (similar to 10%) compared to the high-litter site (similar to 80%). Higher herbicide rates significantly increased medusahead control and bare ground cover; however, this rate affect largely depended on site, season, and herbicide. The low- and high-litter sites did not differ significantly in perennial grass cover 2 yr after burning. Annual forb cover was greater, but perennial forb cover was lower at the low-litter site compared to the high-litter site. Several treatment combinations were identified as having the potential to maintain greater than 50% medusahead control in the second year after herbicide applications. These results collectively demonstrate that potential exists to successfully control medusahead and produce a window of opportunity to reintroduce a greater abundance of perennial species back into the plant community via seeding. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tmonaco@cc.usu.edu NR 27 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 26 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 653 EP 658 DI 10.1614/WT-04-202R2.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700021 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, PJS Boydston, RA Ransom, CV Tonks, DJ Beutler, BR AF Hutchinson, PJS Boydston, RA Ransom, CV Tonks, DJ Beutler, BR TI Potato variety tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop safety; herbicide injury; potato variety tolerance ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PEANUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; SICKLEPOD SENNA-OBTUSIFOLIA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; WEED RESPONSE; PREEMERGENCE; HERBICIDES; CULTIVARS; SYSTEMS AB Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen, ID; Ontario, OR; and Paterson, WA, to evaluate potato tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. In 'Russet Burbank' tolerance trials conducted in 2000 at ID, OR, and WA, sulfentrazone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates ranging from 105 to 280 g ai/ha caused significant injury consisting of stunting, leaf discoloration-blackening, and/or leaf malformation-crinkling at 4 wk after treatment (WAT). By 12 WAT, injury was <= 5%. At 4 WAT, flumioxazin applied PRE at 105 and 140 g ai/ha resulted in injury, whereas 53 g ai/ha did not cause significant injury. At 12 WAT, no visual injury was present at the ID site, whereas flumioxazin at 140 g/ha was still causing injury in WA. Regardless of initial injury, Russet Burbank tuber yields at ID, OR, and WA were not reduced as a result of any flumioxazin or sulfentrazone treatment compared with the nontreated controls. In potato variety tolerance trials conducted at ID in 2000 and at WA in 2002 with Russet Burbank, 'Ranger Russet', 'Russet Norkotah', and 'Shepody' and at ID in 2002 with those varieties plus 'Alturas' and 'Bannock Russet', early season injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at rates as high as 210 g ai/ha or 280 g/ha, respectively, occurred, but variety tuber yields were not reduced compared with nontreated control yields. In contrast, at ID in 2001, early injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at 105 or 210 g/ha translated to tuber yield reductions of all six varieties tested compared with the nontreated controls. At WA in 2001, Ranger Russet tuber yields were reduced by PRE applications of flumioxazin at 53 to 140 g/ha or sulfentrazone at 105 to 280 g/ha, and Shepody total tuber yields were reduced by all rates of PRE-applied sulfentrazone. Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah tuber yields were unaffected by either herbicide. Unusual heat stress occurring early in the 2001 growing season at both locations may have compounded the effects of herbicide injury and, consequently, tuber yields were reduced in 2001, whereas injury occurring in 2000 or 2002 during relatively normal growing conditions did not translate to yield reductions. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Washington State Univ, Davenport, WA 99122 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hutchinson, PJS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM phutch@uidaho.edu RI Ransom, Corey/E-5927-2011 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 683 EP 696 DI 10.1614/WT-04-221R.1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700026 ER PT J AU Brandenberger, LP Shrefler, JW Webber, CL Talbert, RE Payton, ME Wells, LK McClelland, M AF Brandenberger, LP Shrefler, JW Webber, CL Talbert, RE Payton, ME Wells, LK McClelland, M TI Preemergence weed control in direct-seeded watermelon SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadleaf weed control; watermelon injury ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDES; INTERFERENCE; GLYPHOSATE; CLOMAZONE; SEEDBEDS; SYSTEMS; SPP. AB Studies were conducted at eight sites during a 3-yr period in Oklahoma and Arkansas to determine the effectiveness and safety of preemergence applications of halosulfuron both alone and in tank mixtures with bensulide, clomazone, ethalfluralin, and naptalam. Ethalfluralin, naptalam plus bensulide, and sulfentrazone also were applied alone. Although halosulfuron caused up to 20% seedling stunting, watermelon plants recovered by 5 to 7 wk after planting, and yield was similar to that of hand-weeded plots. Halosulfuron treatments controlled hophornbeam copperleaf, Palmer amaranth, carpetweed, and cutleaf groundcherry 80 to 100%. Control of goosegrass was at least 97% with clomazone plus ethalfluralin plus halosulfuron. Injury to watermelon treated with sulfentrazone ranged from 76 to 98% at 2 to 4 wk after treatment. This was reflected by yields that were lower than any other herbicide treatment in the studies. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brandenberger, LP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 360 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lynn.brandenberger@okstate.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1614/WT-04-226R2.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700028 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Deep tillage and glyphosate-reduced redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) populations in glyphosate-resistant soybean SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep tillage; perennial vine; transgenic soybean; weed biomass; weed density ID TRANSLOCATION; GERMINATION; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; SYSTEMS AB Field studies were conducted during the years 2000 to 2003 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the efficacy of fall deep tillage and glyphosate applications on redvine and trumpetcreeper populations and soybean yield in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Fall deep (approximate to 45 cm) tillage for 1, 2, and 3 yr reduced redvine density by 95, 88, and 97%, respectively, compared with shallow (approximate to 15 cm) tillage, but deep tillage did not reduce trumpetcreeper density. Glyphosate applied preplant reduced trumpetcreeper density (25 to 44%), but not redvine density, compared to that with no glyphosate. Glyphosate early postemergence (EPOST) either alone (45 to 67%) or followed by (fb) late postemergence (LPOST; 59 to 83%) reduced density of trumpetcreeper, but not of redvine, compared to that with no herbicide. However, dry biomass of both vines was reduced with glyphosate EPOST or LPOST compared to that with no herbicide. Soybean yields were higher with deep tillage vs. shallow tillage, glyphosate preplant application vs. no glyphosate, and glyphosate EPOST either alone or fb LPOST vs. no herbicide. Redvine did not reestablish in 2003, which was after skipping fall deep tillage for 1 yr following three consecutive years of deep tillage compared with shallow tillage. It is possible to manage redvine infestations with fall deep tillage and trumpetcreeper infestations with glyphosate preplant and postemergence (POST) in-crop applications. Integration of fall deep tillage and glyphosate POST applications could be an effective strategy to manage combined infestations of these vines in glyphosate-resistant soybean. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1614/WT-04-228R1.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700029 ER PT J AU Reeves, DW Price, AJ Patterson, MG AF Reeves, DW Price, AJ Patterson, MG TI Evaluation of three winter cereals for weed control in conservation-tillage nontransgenic cotton SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; cover crops ID COVER CROPS; NO-TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB The increased use of conservation tillage in cotton production requires that information be developed on the role of cover crops in weed control. Field experiments were conducted from fall 1,994 through fall 1997 in Alabama to evaluate three winter cereal cover crops in a high-residue, conservation-tillage, nontransgenic cotton production system. Black oat, rye, and wheat were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow system. Three herbicide systems were used: no herbicide, preemergence (PRE) herbicides alone, and PRE plus postemergence (POST) herbicides. The PRE system consisted of pendimethalin at 1.12 kg ai/ha plus fluometuron at 1.7 kg ai/ha. The PRE plus POST system contained an additional application of fluometuron at 1.12 kg/ha plus DSMA at 1.7 kg ai/ha early POST directed (PDS) and lactofen at 0.2 kg ai/ha plus cyanazine at 0.84 kg ai/ha late PDS. No cover crop was effective in controlling weeds without a herbicide. However, when black oat or rye was used with PRE herbicides, weed control was similar to the PRE plus POST system. Rye and black oat provided more effective weed control than wheat in conservation-tillage cotton. The winter fallow, PRE plus POST input system yielded significantly less cotton in 2 of 3 yr compared to systems that included a winter cover crop. Use of black oat or rye cover crops has the potential to increase cotton productivity and reduce herbicide inputs for nontransgenic cotton grown in the Southeast. C1 Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Price, AJ (reprint author), Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM aprice@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1614/WT-04-245R1.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 975PP UT WOS:000232674700032 ER PT J AU Kliejunas, JT Otrosina, WJ Allison, JR AF Kliejunas, JT Otrosina, WJ Allison, JR TI Uprooting and trenching to control annosus root disease in a developed recreation site: 12-year results SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE root disease; Heterobasidion annosum AB Six annosus (Heterobasidion annosum) root disease centers in a proposed campground on the north shore of Big Bear Lake in southern California were treated in 1989. Trees, stumps, and roots were removed in six disease centers, and in two cases, soil trenching was used to stop the progress of the disease. A total of 154 trees and 26 stumps were removed; 300 linear feet of trenching was done around two disease centers. Of 101 trees sampled, 47% were infected with H. annosum. Sixteen percent of infected trees exhibited no visible crown symptoms. The pathogen was isolated from 50% of roots that showed resinosis and 14% of roots not exhibiting resinosis. Only the P biological species was present on living, infected Jeffrey pine and juniper roots. Twelve years after treatment, all six sites appear to be disease free with no aboveground symptoms of root infection. Tree mortality is continuing on untreated disease centers in this recreation area. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, San Bernardino, CA USA. RP Kliejunas, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA USA. EM jkliejunas@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 956JE UT WOS:000231295200002 ER PT J AU Wilson, BL Hipkins, VD Rey-Vizgirdas, E Kaye, TN AF Wilson, BL Hipkins, VD Rey-Vizgirdas, E Kaye, TN TI Variation in Lewisia kelloggii (Portulacaceae) with description of a new species endemic to Idaho SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Lewisia kelloggii; Lewisia sacajaweana sp nov.; Portulacaceae; taxonomy; isozymes; endemic; Idaho; California ID NUMBER AB Lewisia kelloggii has been understood as a rare plant with a disjunct range in California and Idaho. Examination of herbarium specimens and analysis of isozymes in 6 Idaho and 7 California populations revealed consistent differences between plants of the 2 states. Fixed differences in alleles at 2 loci (AAT2 and PGI1) distinguished Idaho from California plants. Genetic identities based on isozymes between Idaho and California populations averaged 0.58, lower than the average for congeneric plant species. Idaho plants were smaller than most California plants, but California plants were variable. The most consistent morphological difference between Idaho and California specimens was the difference in the number of glands on the margins of bracts and sepals. Idaho plants had 0 (-5) pink glands on each margin of these organs, all on teeth near the tips. In California plants these organs had 12-25 glands on each margin, the distal ones elevated on teeth and the proximal ones sessile. We recognize the Idaho plants as a new species, L. sacajaweana, and retain the name L kelloggii for the California populations. C1 Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NFGEL, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise Natl Forest, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Wilson, BL (reprint author), Inst Appl Ecol, 563 SW Jefferson St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 345 EP 358 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200006 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, JH TI Pollination needs of arrowleaf balsamroot, Balsamorhiza sagittata (Heliantheae : Asteraceae) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Engelmanniinae; Osmia; Apiformes; Apoidea; bees; seed set; self-incompatibility; pollinator limitation ID MEGACHILIDAE; HYMENOPTERA AB Arrowleaf balsamroot, Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt, is a common, sometimes dominant, long-lived forb that flowers early in spring from the foothills to upper-montane areas of the northern Rocky Mountains and Intermountain West. Public land managers desire its seed for rangeland rehabilitation. Through manual pollination field trials, the species was found to have a mixed pollination system. It is primarily xenogamous (46% of ovules yielded plump achenes) but partially self-compatible (31% of achenes were plump). Unvisited flower heads formed virtually no mature achenes; only plump achenes contained seeds with endosperm. Freely visited flower heads in 2 populations produced as many achenes as manual outcross pollinations of flower heads, suggesting that seed production was not pollinator limited. Two species of Osmia bees rely mostly on Balsamorhiza and its close relative, Wyethia, for pollen. At least 165 females per hectare will need to be stocked to achieve thorough flower visitation in cultivated seed production fields. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200007 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Landau, F Smith, SD AF Beever, EA Pyke, DA Chambers, JC Landau, F Smith, SD TI Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE riparian ecosystems; monitoring; woody vegetation; Great Basin National Park; livestock removal; disturbance ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS; NORTH-AMERICA; RECOVERY; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; RIVER AB Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m x 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by seat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will van, with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors. C1 USGS BRD Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Intermt Res Stn, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), NPS Great Lakes Network, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E,Suite D, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 382 EP 402 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 953TA UT WOS:000231102200010 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Erickson, JR Forsman, JW AF Wang, XP Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Erickson, JR Forsman, JW TI Low frequency vibration approach for assessing performance of wood floor systems SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vibration; natural frequency; stiffness; wood floor AB The primary means of inspecting buildings and other structures is to evaluate each structure member individually. This is a time-consuming and expensive process, particularly if sheathing or other covering materials must be removed to access the structural members. The objective of this study was to determine if a low frequency vibration method could be used to effectively assess the structural performance of wood floors as component systems. Twelve wood floors were constructed with solid sawn wood joists in the laboratory and tested with both vibration and static load methods. The results indicated that the forced vibration method was capable of measuring the fundamental natural frequency (bending mode) of the wood floors investigated. An analytical model derived from the flexural beam theory was found to fit the physics of the-floor structures and can be used to correlate natural frequency to section modulus (El product) of the floor systems. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 949IC UT WOS:000230777400002 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, MS Buehlmann, U Schuler, AT Wisdom, BB AF Bumgardner, MS Buehlmann, U Schuler, AT Wisdom, BB TI Approaches to, and perceived benefits of, training in the secondary wood industry SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE training; competitiveness; secondary wood industry; furniture; cabinets; millwork ID EDUCATIONAL-NEEDS; PRODUCTS INDUSTRY; OREGON AB Practitioners and researchers alike have noted that a well-trained workforce is an important component of the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers in the global economy. This study compares four secondary wood industry sectors on their approaches to, and perceived benefits of, training production employees. The study was based on an Internet survey in the autumn of 2003 of subscribers to a major wood industry publication. A sample of 197 firms was split into four type categories (cabinets, household furniture, contract furniture, and millwork) and two size categories (fewer than 50 employees and 50 or more employees) and compared on several questions related to training of production employees. Some differences were found among the firm types and between the firm sizes. However, the firms were similar in a number of respects. The majority indicated that the return on training was positive, and firms agreed on average that training was critical to their future competitiveness. Implications for domestic competitiveness are noted based on the findings. C1 USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Modern Woodworking Magazine, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406 USA. RP Bumgardner, MS (reprint author), USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 384 EP 393 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 949IC UT WOS:000230777400004 ER PT J AU Via, BK So, CL Shupe, TF Stine, M Groom, LH AF Via, BK So, CL Shupe, TF Stine, M Groom, LH TI Ability of near infrared spectroscopy to monitor air-dry density distribution and variation of wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chip; density; near infrared spectroscopy (NIR); wood; pine; statistical process control; pulp yield ID KRAFT PULP QUALITY; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; DIVERSE RANGE; STIFFNESS; SPECTRA; MODELS; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; YIELD AB Process control of wood density with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) would be useful for pulp mills that need to maximize pulp yield without compromising paper strength properties. If models developed from the absorbance at wavelengths in the NIR region could provide density histograms, fiber supply personnel could monitor chip density variation as the chips enter the mill. The objectives of this research were to a) develop density histograms from actual density versus density histograms developed through NIR modeling, and b) determine the precision of density models developed from absorbance in the NIR region with a recommendation for the sample size needed to estimate the standard deviation of density at a given precision. Models for density were developed from calibration samples (n =170) and then validated with 93 randomly held aside samples. The samples were systematically removed from 10 longleaf pine trees of equal age, but different growth rates. The histogram patterns for actual density almost paralleled the histogram patterns developed from predictive models. Subsequently, the validation data set was randomly categorized into groups of three, and the standard deviations of density were measured. For three measurements per data point, the predicted standard deviation covaried with the actual standard deviation of density with an R-2 = 0.61 and 0.55 for the calibration and validation data set, respectively. A sample size of 30 was recommended to estimate the standard deviation of density with a precision of 0.01 g/cm(3). C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Via, BK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 949IC UT WOS:000230777400005 ER PT J AU Piao, C Shupe, TF Tang, RC Hse, CY AF Piao, C Shupe, TF Tang, RC Hse, CY TI Finite element analyses of wood laminated composite poles SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composite poles; deflection; finite element analysis; stress; utility poles AB Finite element analyses using ANSYS were conducted on orthotropic, polygonal, wood laminated composite poles subjected to a body force and a concentrated load at the free end. Deflections and stress distributions of small-scale and full-size composite poles were analyzed and compared to the results obtained in an experimental study. The predicted deflection for both small-scale and full-size composite poles agreed well with the experimental measurement. Maximum stress of a cantilever pole was in parabolic areas of the top and bottom skins near the ground line. The finite element model underestimated the deflection of full-size composite poles over a variable length from the ground line of the poles, depending on the loading levels. At a higher loading level, the finite element model might overestimate the deflection close to the free end of the full-size composite poles. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 949IC UT WOS:000230777400019 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Small, BC Wolters, WR AF Bosworth, BG Small, BC Wolters, WR TI Heritability estimates for juvenile weight, and post-stress blood lactate, cortisol, and glucose in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500012 ER PT J AU Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR AF Bosworth, BG Wolters, WR TI Realized heritabilities for meat yield traits in divergently selected lines of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500013 ER PT J AU Silverstein, J AF Silverstein, J TI Use of residual feed intake to compare feed efficiencies in strains of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500084 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, G Karsi, A Gahr, S Rexroad, C AF Waldbieser, G Karsi, A Gahr, S Rexroad, C TI Rapid development of gene-tagged microsatellite markers from BAC clones of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile C1 USDA, ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500091 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Nearing, MA Nichols, MH Ritchie, CA AF Ritchie, JC Nearing, MA Nichols, MH Ritchie, CA TI Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on Lucky Hills Watershed, Walnut Gulch experimental watershed, Arizona SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE soil erosion; (137)cesium; deposition; sediment ID ROCK-FRAGMENT COVER; RANGELAND HEALTH; RATES; (137)CESIUM; INDICATORS; CESIUM-137; VEGETATION; RETENTION; CARBON AB Degradation of semiarid and and rangelands is a major concern and is usually described in terms of soil movement and changing plant communities. The purpose of this paper was to determine the patterns and rates of soil erosion and redistribution from measurement of the distribution of fallout (137)Cesium on the Lucky Hills Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed in southeastern Arizona. Soil redistribution ranged from a loss of - 9.8 t ha(-1) yr(-1) to the deposition of +7.0 t ha(-1) yr(-1). Net soil loss occurred at 54 of the 74 sample sites or approximately 73% of the watershed. Soil erosion rates were significantly correlated to the percent of rock fragments in the surface 25-cm soil layer with erosion decreasing as rock fragments increased. Soil redistribution was not significantly related to vegetation cover at the sample sites. This study supports earlier research on Walnut Gulch Watershed that showed the importance of rock fragments in estimating soil loss. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600003 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA Jetten, V Baffaut, C Cerdan, O Couturier, A Hernandez, M Le Bissonnais, Y Nichols, MH Nunes, JP Renschler, CS Souchere, V van Oost, K AF Nearing, MA Jetten, V Baffaut, C Cerdan, O Couturier, A Hernandez, M Le Bissonnais, Y Nichols, MH Nunes, JP Renschler, CS Souchere, V van Oost, K TI Modeling response of soil erosion and runoff to changes in precipitation and cover SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE climate change; conservation; erosivity; land cover; land degradation; rainfall; rainfall intensity; sediment; soil conservation; soil erosion; soil erosion models; watersheds ID AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; SEDIMENT YIELD; UNITED-STATES; FIELD-SCALE; TILLAGE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; LISEM AB Global climate has changed over the past century. Precipitation amounts and intensities are increasing. In this study we investigated the response of seven soil erosion models to a few basic precipitation and vegetation related parameters using common data from one humid and one semi-and watershed. Perturbations were made to inputs for rainfall intensities and amounts, and to ground surface cover and canopy cover. Principal results were that: soil erosion is likely to be more affected than runoff by changes in rainfall and cover, though both are likely to be significantly impacted; percent erosion and runoff will likely change more for each percent change in rainfall intensity and amount than to each percent change in either canopy or ground cover; changes in rainfall amount associated with changes in storm rainfall intensity will likely have a greater impact on runoff and erosion than simply changes in rainfall amount alone; changes in ground cover have a much greater impact on both runoff and erosion than changes in canopy cover alone. The results do not imply that future changes in rainfall will dominate over changes in land use, since land use changes can often be drastic. Given the types of precipitation changes that have occurred over the last century, and the expectations regarding changes over the next century, the results of this study suggest that there is a significant potential for climate change to increase global soil erosion rates unless offsetting conservation measures are taken. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, ARN, F-45060 Orleans, France. INRA, Unite Sci Sol, F-45166 Olivet, France. Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. SAD, APT, UMR, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Lab Expt Geomorphol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tueson.ars.ag.gov RI Souchere, Veronique/A-7288-2008; Van Oost, Kristof/B-6941-2008; Nunes, Joao Pedro/A-5497-2011; Le Bissonnais, Yves/A-3448-2011; Cerdan, Olivier/E-9227-2011; Jetten, Victor/B-1415-2014; Le Bissonnais, Yves/R-5413-2016; OI Nunes, Joao Pedro/0000-0002-0164-249X; Le Bissonnais, Yves/0000-0002-8234-9104; Cerdan, Olivier/0000-0003-1395-3102; Le Bissonnais, Yves/0000-0002-8234-9104; Renschler, Chris S./0000-0002-7462-6386 NR 48 TC 228 Z9 254 U1 21 U2 155 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 131 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.007 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600004 ER PT J AU O'Neal, MR Nearing, MA Vining, RC Southworth, J Pfeifer, RA AF O'Neal, MR Nearing, MA Vining, RC Southworth, J Pfeifer, RA TI Climate change impacts on soil erosion in Midwest United States with changes in crop management SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE soil erosion; climate change; runoff; land management; agriculture; Water Erosion Prediction Project ID CO2 FERTILIZATION; FUTURE CHANGES; WATER EROSION; LAND-USE; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; TRENDS AB This study investigates potential changes in erosion rates in the Midwestern United States under climate change, including the adaptation of crop management to climate change. Previous studies of erosion under climate change have not taken into account fanner choices of crop rotations or planting dates, which will adjust to compensate for climate change. In this study, changes in management were assigned based on previous studies of crop yield, optimal planting date, and most profitable rotations under climate change in the Midwestern United States. Those studies predicted future shifts from maize and wheat to soybeans based on price and yield advantages to soybeans. In the results of our simulations, for 10 of 11 regions of the study area runoff increased from + 10% to + 3 10%, and soil loss increased from +33% to +274%, in 2040-2059 relative to 1990-1999. Soil loss changes were more variable compared to studies that did not take into account changes in management. Increased precipitation and decreasing cover from temperature-stressed maize were important factors in the results. The soil erosion model appeared to underestimate the impact of change in crop type, particularly to soybeans, meaning that erosion increases could be even higher than simulated. This research shows that future crop management changes due to climate and economics can affect the magnitude of erosional impacts beyond that which would be predicted from direct climate change alone. Prediction of future soil erosion can help in the management of valuable cropland and suggest the need for continually changing soil conservation strategies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geog, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Land Use & Environm Change Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tueson.ars.ag.gov OI Southworth, Jane/0000-0002-7246-7879 NR 48 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.003 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Nearing, MA AF Zhang, XC Nearing, MA TI Impact of climate change on soil erosion, runoff and wheat productivity in central Oklahoma SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE climate change; erosion assessment; soil conservation ID MODEL; SIMULATION AB The potential for global climate changes to increase the risk of soil erosion is clear, but the actual damage is not. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on soil erosion, surface runoff, and wheat productivity in central Oklahoma. Monthly projections were used from the Hadley Centre's general circulation model, HadCM3, using scenarios A2a, B2a, and GGal for the periods of 1950-1999 and 2070 2099. Projected changes in monthly precipitation and temperature distributions between the two periods were incorporated into daily weather series by means of a stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN) with its input parameters adjusted to each scenario. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for four climate scenarios including a recent historical climate and three tillage systems (conventional tillage, conservation tillage, and no-till). HadCM3-projected mean annual precipitation during 2070-2099 at El Reno, Oklahoma decreased by 13.6%, 7.2%, and 6.2% for A2a, 132a, and GGal, respectively; and mean annual temperature increased by 5.7, 4.0, and 4.7 T, respectively. Predicted average annual soil loss in the tillage systems other than no-till, compared with historical climate (1950-1999), increased by 18-30% for A2a, remained similar for B2a, and increased by 67-82% for GGal. Predicted soil loss in no-till did not increase in the three scenarios. Predicted mean annual runoff in all three tillage systems increased by 16-25% for A2a, remained similar for B2a, and increased by 6-19% for GGal. The greater increases in soil loss and runoff in GGal were attributed to greater variability in monthly precipitation as projected by HadCM3. The increased variability led to increased frequency of large storms. Small changes in wheat yield, which ranged from a 5% decrease in B2a to a 5% increase in GGal, were because the adverse effects of the temperature increase on winter wheat growth were largely offset by CO2 rise as well as the bulky decrease in precipitation occurred outside the growing season. The overall results indicate that no-till and conservation tillage systems will be effective in combating soil erosion under projected climates in central Oklahoma. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.009 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600007 ER PT J AU Muttiah, RS Harmel, RD Richardson, CW AF Muttiah, RS Harmel, RD Richardson, CW TI Discharge and sedimentation periodicities in small sized watersheds SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE wavelets; Eddy bursts; upland erosion; transport flow; fragmentation of periodicity; shifting of periodicity ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; PHYSICS AB We used wavelets to analyze the measured discharge and sedimentation during 2001 from the nested Agricultural Research Service watershed in Riesel Texas. Periodicities from wavelet spectra were interpreted in terms of experiments conducted on granular particle systems. Our time series analysis suggested (1) terracing in small watersheds can change nature of turbulence to an extent that sedimentation bears no relationship to flows; (2) fragmentation and shifting of sedimentation periodicities relative to discharge are common in upland erosion; and (3) sedimentation in transport flows displayed additional complex behavior involving recombination of discharge periodicities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Muttiah, RS (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM r.muttiah@tcu.edu; dharmel@spa.ars.usda.gov; crichardson@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.008 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600011 ER PT J AU Canfield, HE Wilson, CJ Lane, LJ Crowell, KJ Thomas, WA AF Canfield, HE Wilson, CJ Lane, LJ Crowell, KJ Thomas, WA TI Modeling scour and deposition in ephemeral channels after wildfire SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Soil-Erosion-Network CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soil Eros Network DE wildfire; erosion; sediment transport modeling; scour; deposition ID SEDIMENT; EROSION; DISTURBANCE; TIME AB The area burned by wildfire in the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the southwestern US has been increasing in recent years. In many cases, high severity bums have caused dramatic increases in runoff and sediment yield from burned watersheds. This paper describes the potential and limitations of the HEC6T sediment transport model to describe changes in channel scour and deposition following the Cerro Grande fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico. Following the fire, Pueblo Canyon, near Los Alamos, was subject to a peak flow two orders of magnitudes higher than any discharge in the 7-year period of record, and twice the initial post-fire estimate of the 100-year event. HEC6T requires that the limits of scour and deposition on a cross-section be specified prior to application. This was achieved by using geomorphologic principles, predicted post-bum hydrology and long-term estimates of channel change derived from air photos, to estimate post-fire channel widths. Because significant quantities of silt and clay were present in the runoff, erosion shear stress and erosion rate parameters for cohesive sediments had to be obtained experimentally. After a sensitivity analysis, an optimization routine was used to estimate the optimal model parameter values for sensitive parameters. HEC6T was able to accurately model the change in cumulative sediment volume change derived from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM, often called Lidar) taken before and after the large post-fire event. One discrepancy between the HEC6T model prediction and the ALSM-estimated change was that the ALSM-estimated change showed the greatest amount of deposition in a portion of the canyon with increasing slope, which the HEC6T model did not predict.Any sediment transport model will predict increased sediment transport capacity with increasing energy slope, so that it was considered to be beyond the capability of any sediment transport model to predict this deposition. Therefore, HEC6T simulated the overall changes in scour and deposition within reasonable expectation of the capabilities of physically-based sediment transport modeling indicating that it is capable of modeling sediment transport in ephemeral channels following wildfire. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 2, Atmospher Climate & Environm Dynam, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mobile Boundary Hydraul, Clinton, MS 39056 USA. RP Canfield, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ecanfield@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 273 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.013 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 942QT UT WOS:000230297600013 ER PT J AU Alkharouf, NW Jamison, DC Matthews, BF AF Alkharouf, NW Jamison, DC Matthews, BF TI Online analytical processing (OLAP): A fast and effective data mining tool for gene expression databases SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; DEFENSE AB Gene expression databases contain a wealth of information, but current data mining tools are limited in their speed and effectiveness in extracting meaningful biological knowledge from them. Online analytical processing (OLAP) can be used as a supplement to cluster analysis for fast and effective data mining of gene expression databases. We used Analysis Services 2000, a product that ships with SQLServer2000, to construct an OLAP cube that was used to mine a time series experiment designed to identify genes associated with resistance of soybean to the soybean cyst nematode, a devastating pest of soybean. The data for these experiments is stored in the soybean genomics and microarray database (SGMD). A number of candidate resistance genes and pathways were found. Compared to traditional cluster analysis of gene expression data, OLAP was more effective and faster in finding biologically meaningful information. OLAP is available from a number of vendors and can work with any relational database management system through OLE DB. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matthewb@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1155/JBB.2005.181 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 984DH UT WOS:000233282200015 PM 16046824 ER PT J AU Corder, EH Ervin, JF Lockhart, E Szymanski, MH Schmechel, DE Hulette, CM AF Corder, EH Ervin, JF Lockhart, E Szymanski, MH Schmechel, DE Hulette, CM TI Cardiovascular damage in Alzheimer disease: Autopsy findings from the Bryan ADRC SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ELDERLY FINNISH MEN; E ALLELE EPSILON-4; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; TYPE-4 ALLELE; E PHENOTYPE AB Autopsy information on cardiovascular damage was investigated for pathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (n = 84) and non-AD control patients (n = 60). The 51 relevant items were entered into a grade-of-membership model to describe vascular damage in AD. Five latent groups were identified "I: early-onset AD," "II: controls, cancer," "III: controls, extensive atherosclerosis," "IV: late-onset AD, male," and "V: late-onset AD, female." Expectedly, Groups IV and V had elevated APOE epsilon 4 frequency. Unexpectedly, there was limited atherosclerosis and frequent myocardial valve and ventricular damage. The findings do not indicate a strong relationship between atherosclerosis and AD, although both are associated with the APOE epsilon 4. Instead, autopsy findings of extensive atherosclerosis were associated with possible, not probable or definite AD, and premature death. They are consistent with the hypothesis that brain hypoperfusion contributes to dementia, possibly to AD pathogenesis, and raise the possibility that the APOE allele epsilon 4 contributes directly to heart valve and myocardial damage. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Demog Studies, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Neurol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hulette, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hulet001@mc.duke.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [P50 AG005128, R01 AG007198] NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI SYLVANIA PA PO BOX 1210, SYLVANIA, OH 43560 USA SN 1110-7243 J9 J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biomed. Biotechnol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1155/JBB.2005.189 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 984DH UT WOS:000233282200016 PM 16046825 ER PT J AU Moulton, PL Petros, TV Apostal, KJ Park, RV Ronning, EA King, BM Penland, JG AF Moulton, PL Petros, TV Apostal, KJ Park, RV Ronning, EA King, BM Penland, JG TI Alcohol-induced impairment and enhancement of memory: A test of the interference theory SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE alcohol; prose memory; memory facilitation; memory interference ID ETHANOL; FACILITATION; CONSOLIDATION; RECALL AB Many studies have found cognitive deficits related to alcohol consumption. However, few studies have studied cognitive performance when alcohol was administered after the to-be-remembered information was presented with memory testing occurring when participants are once again sober. The present study examined effects of alcohol on cognitive performance using a prose recall task during acute intoxication and a post-trial recall task for prose passages that had been presented before intoxication. Fifty-one men were given either 2.0 g/kg of 100 proof (50% absolute ethanol) vodka or a placebo. In the present study, evidence was found of acute alcohol impairment in prose memory, along with alcohol facilitation of memory on a post-trial task. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Psychol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Moulton, PL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, 501 N Columbia,POB 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM pmoulton@medicine.nodak.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.03.011 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 943RN UT WOS:000230372000002 PM 15907955 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Nolte, DL Provenza, FD AF Werner, SJ Nolte, DL Provenza, FD TI Proximal cues of pocket gopher burrow plugging behavior: Influence of light, burrow openings, and temperature SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE behavioral cues; fossorial; habitat preference; thermal ecology; Thomomys mazama; Thomomys talpoides ID THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; BOTTAE; COST AB Burrow plugging is readily observed among mammals adapted for digging (i.e., fossorial mammals) as they create and maintain their burrows. We investigated the influence of light, burrow openings, and thermal environment as cues of pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama, Thomomys talpoides) behavior. When given free access to light and no light during artificial-burrow preference trials, both Thomomys spp. consistently plugged (i.e., avoided) light treatments. Burrow openings did not notably affect plugging behavior of T mazama. Gophers (T talpoides) plugged the artificial burrows within the light and cold (7 degrees C) treatments, but not within the no-light, and 18 or 31 degrees C treatments when light and temperature were varied independently. Whereas the presence of light and low ambient temperatures induce burrow maintenance by pocket gophers, these cues help meliorate adverse conditions within subsurface environs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.04.024 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 943RN UT WOS:000230372000015 PM 15961128 ER PT J AU Hyde, P Dubayah, R Peterson, B Blair, JB Hofton, M Hunsaker, C Knox, R Walker, W AF Hyde, P Dubayah, R Peterson, B Blair, JB Hofton, M Hunsaker, C Knox, R Walker, W TI Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using waveform lidar: Validation of montane ecosystems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lidar; LIDAR; LVIS; laser altimetry; canopy; structure; height; cover; biomass ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; AIRBORNE LASER DATA; CANOPY STRUCTURE; TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; TOPOGRAPHY AB Consistent and accurate measurements of forest structure at the landscape scale are required by forest ecologists and managers for a variety of applications. Lidar remote sensing has proven to be a valuable tool for measuring these attributes in many ecosystems, including tropical, boreal, and mid-latitude forests. However, there have been few studies in montane forests. Here, we examine the ability of a large footprint lidar system to retrieve forest structural attributes in the highly variable terrain and canopy conditions of the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. Specifically, we examined the impact of slope, elevation, aspect, canopy cover, crown shape, and the spatial arrangement of canopy-forming trees on the accuracy of a large footprint lidar system in retrieving canopy height, canopy cover, and biomass. We found good agreement between field and lidar measurements of height, cover, and biomass at the footprint level, and canopy height and biomass at the stand level. Differences between field and lidar measurements are mainly attributable to the spatial configuration of canopy elements and are less sensitive to topography, crown shape, or canopy cover. The accuracy of canopy cover retrieval was highly sensitive to estimates of ground cover reflectivity and to ground sampling density. The accuracy of biomass retrieval was also good, and comparable to previous efforts in other biomes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All lights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MA USA. US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Fresno, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hyde, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM phyde@geog.umd.edu RI Knox, Robert/E-9657-2011; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013 NR 22 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.03.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948NG UT WOS:000230722000012 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Elmore, AJ Hughes, RF Warner, AS Vitousek, PM AF Asner, GP Elmore, AJ Hughes, RF Warner, AS Vitousek, PM TI Ecosystem structure along bioclimatic gradients in Hawaii from imaging spectroscopy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AVIRIS; hyperspectral; non-photosynthetic vegetation; remote sensing; shortwave-infrared radiation; spectral mixture analysis; SWIR AB The Hawaiian Islands contain more than two-thirds of the life zones delineated by Holdridge, L.R., 1947. Determination of world plant formations from simple climate data. Science, 105, 367-368, and is thus an ideal testing ground for remote sensing studies of ecosystem function and structure. We tested the generality of imaging spectroscopy with "tied" red-edge and shortwave-infrared (RESWIR2) spectral mixture modeling for automated analysis of the lateral distribution of plant tissues and bare substrate across diverse bioclimatic gradients in Hawai'i. Unique quantities of the fractional cover of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic vegetation (PV, NPV) and bare substrate identified fundamental differences in ecosystem Structure across life zones. There was a similar to 20-fold increase in fractional PV cover with a 10-fold increase in inean annual precipitation (<= 250-2000 mm year(-1)). This rate of increase diminished from 2000 to 3000 mm year(-1) of rainfall, suggesting that photosynthetic canopy cover may be limited by water saturation at 3000 mm year(-1). The amount of exposed surface senescent material (NPV) remained nearly constant at similar to 50% in ecosystems with a mean annual precipitation < 1500 mm year(-1). Thereafter, NPV steadily declined to a minimum of similar to 20% at 3000 mm year(-1) of rainfall. Bare substrate fractions were highest (similar to 50%) at precipitation levels < 750 mm year(-1), then declined to < 20% in the 750-1000 mm year(-1) zones. The combination of low bare substrate and high NPV cover in the 750-1000 mm year-1 rainfall zones identified these areas as high fire risk. Remotely sensed fractional cover of PV+NPV was poorly correlated with canopy leaf area index (LAI), showing the uniqueness of the lateral structural measurement afforded by automated RE-SWIR2 spectroscopy approaches. The results indicate the accuracy, precision and applicability of imaging spectroscopy for ecological research across a wide range of bioclimatic conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA, Fores Serv, Inst Pacific Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gpa@stanford.edu RI Elmore, Andrew/D-4341-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Elmore, Andrew/0000-0002-9697-9457; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 0 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948NG UT WOS:000230722000018 ER PT J AU Martinez, S Nakasone, KK AF Martinez, S Nakasone, KK TI The genus Phanerochaete (Corticiaceae, basidiomycotina) sensu lato in Uruguay SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Phanerochaete vesiculosa; taxonomy; Corticiaceae ID FUNGI AB Eight species of Phanerochaete are reported from Uruguay for the first time, including a new species, P. vesiculosa. Phanerochaete vesiculosa is characterized by thin-walled, clavate to cylindrical vesicles embedded in the subiculum. A key to the known species of Phanerochaete from Uruguay is provided. C1 Fac Ciencias, Fac Ingn, Lab Micol, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Martinez, S (reprint author), Fac Ciencias, Fac Ingn, Lab Micol, J Herrera & Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay. EM sebamart@fing.edu.uy OI Martinez Kopp, Sebastian/0000-0003-0455-5823 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 953RU UT WOS:000231099000006 ER PT J AU Sogonov, MV Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Farr, DF White, JF AF Sogonov, MV Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Farr, DF White, JF TI The type species of the genus Gnomonia, G-gnomon, and the closely related G-setacea SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; Diaporthales; Gnomoniaceae; ITS; LSU; systematics; taxonomy ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; DIAPORTHALES; PHYLOGENY; QUERCINA AB Species of the diaporthalean genus Gnomonia are common yet inconspicuous and poorly known microfungi occurring mostly on overwintered leaves of trees and shrubs in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Confusion exists about the type species of Gnomonia because a type was not designated. Three specific names have been mentioned in the literature as the type species: G. gnomon, G. vulgaris and G. setacea. Gnomonia gnomon was designated as the lectotype species; however, some authors have considered all three taxa to be synonymous with G. setacea having priority. Gnomonia vulgaris is a nomenclatural synonym of G. gnomon. Observations of type specimens and fresh material of G. gnomon and G. setacea reveal that these two species are distinct and can be distinguished by the position of perithecia in the leaf tissue and ascospore morphology. Descriptions and illustrations of G. gnomon and G. setacea are provided. A lectotype specimen and an epitype specimen with ex-type culture for G. gnomon are designated; an epitype for G. setacea is designated. The distinction between G. gnomon and G. setacea is supported by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Res Ctr Antibiot, Moscow 117105, Russia. RP Sogonov, MV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM msogonov@nt.ars-grin.gov RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 57 IS 1 BP 102 EP 119 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 953RU UT WOS:000231099000007 ER PT J AU Trout, JM Santin, M Greiner, E Fayer, R AF Trout, JM Santin, M Greiner, E Fayer, R TI Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calves; genotype; Giardia spp.; PCR; prevalence ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP.; FARM-ANIMALS; BEEF-CALVES; INFECTION; CANADA AB To determine the prevalence of Giardia genotypes in post-weaned dairy calves, fecal specimens were collected from 3 to I I month-old dairy calves per farm on two farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Specimens cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using CsCl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Overall, PCR provided more sensitive detection than IFA. Prevalence of Giardia infection, as detected by PCR ranged from 20% on NC-2 to 81% on VT-2, with an overall prevalence of 52% (237 positive samples out of 456 total). DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 87% of the 237 Giardia isolates were Assemblage E, and 13% were Assemblage A although the prevalence of these genotypes varied greatly from farm to farm, with five farms having no Assemblage A Giardia. Therefore, Assemblage E was present in 45% of all animals tested and Assemblage A was present in 7% of the animals. Thus, while many of the calves were infected with a genotype that is not known to be infectious for humans, post-weaned calves on nine of 14 farms did harbor Assemblage A Giardia. Therefore calves should be considered as a potential source of human infectious cysts in the environment, with some farms representing a much higher risk than others. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jtrout@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.032 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 936QC UT WOS:000229869500001 PM 15925721 ER PT J AU Ducornez, S Barre, N Miller, RJ de Garine-Wichatitsky, M AF Ducornez, S Barre, N Miller, RJ de Garine-Wichatitsky, M TI Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Boophilus microplus in New Caledonia with the modified Larval Packet Test SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; modified larval packet test; amitraz; resistance; New Caledonia ID CATTLE TICK; ACARICIDES; IXODIDAE AB The tick Boophilus microplus represents a serious pathological constraint to livestock production in New Caledonia. Cattle ticks are controlled by chemical application of two acaricides that are currently used in New Caledonia; deltamethrin is used at 46% of the cattle production facilities and amitraz at the remaining 54% premises where resistance to deltamethrin has been identified. In 2003, a modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) was used to conduct a survey for amitraz resistance. Ticks were collected from 29 farms, including farms using deltamethrin (n = 8) or amitraz (n = 21). Of eighteen different tick populations, sixteen populations were defined susceptible to amitraz and two populations were considered amitraz-resistant. This is the first report of populations of B. microplus being resistant to amitraz, using the modified LPT in New Caledonia. A thorough survey of tick susceptibility to amitraz in cattle farms of the country should be conducted to assess the presence of amitraz-resistant populations. The emergence of amitraz resistance so soon after its introduction has some important implications for the strategy and organisation of tick control in New Caledonia, and this paper discusses some of the urgent actions that should be undertaken. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IAC, Stn Port Laguerre, CIRAD EMVT, Paita 98890, New Caledonia. USDA ARS, Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Ducornez, S (reprint author), IAC, Stn Port Laguerre, CIRAD EMVT, BP 73, Paita 98890, New Caledonia. EM parasito@iac.nc NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.018 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 936QC UT WOS:000229869500015 PM 15908122 ER PT J AU Riley, MB Dumas, JA Gbur, EE Massey, JH Mattice, JD Mersie, W Mueller, TC Potter, T Senseman, SA Watson, E AF Riley, MB Dumas, JA Gbur, EE Massey, JH Mattice, JD Mersie, W Mueller, TC Potter, T Senseman, SA Watson, E TI Pesticide extraction efficiency of two solid phase disk types after shipping SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction (SPE); pesticides; water; extraction; empore disks; speedisks ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; WATER; RECOVERY AB An interlaboratory study was conducted to compare pesticide recovery from Empore C-18 and Speedisks C18XF solid phase extraction disks after shipping. Four pesticides were used for the comparison of the two disk extraction materials: atrazine, diazinon, metolachlor, and tebuconazole. These pesticides were chosen to provide a range of physiochemical properties. Water samples were extracted onto the disk types and shipped to a cooperating laboratory for elution and analysis. The mean recoveries from Empore disks were atrazine, 95%; diazinon, 91%; metolachlor, 92%; and tebuconazole, 83%. The recoveries from Speedisks C18XF were atrazine, 89%; diazinon, 87%; metolachlor, 86%; and tebuconazole, 79%. Means for each of the pesticides using the different disk types were not statistically different (alpha = 0.05), but results were more variable when using Speedisks C18XF as compared to Empore disks. Reasons for the increased variability are discussed, but overall results indicate that Speedisks C18XF could be used as an alternative to Empore disks. Speedisks C18XF are enclosed in a plastic housing, so they can be used more easily in remote sampling sites without the possibility of glassware breakage, no prefiltration of samples is needed, and there are realignment problems that can be associated with the Empore disks. C1 Clemson Univ, Entomol Soils & Plant Sci Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Riley, MB (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Entomol Soils & Plant Sci Dept, 120 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mbriley@clemson.edu RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 13 BP 5079 EP 5083 DI 10.1021/jf050029s PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938ZB UT WOS:000230040800005 PM 15969478 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Hartung, JS AF Zhang, AJ Hartung, JS TI Phenylacetaldehyde O-methyloxime: A volatile compound produced by grapefruit leaves infected with the citrus canker pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phenylacetaidehyde O-methyloxime; citrus bacterial canker disease; Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citrumelo; solid-phase microextraction ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; SEX-PHEROMONE; IDENTIFICATION; BEETLE; ERADICATION; FLORIDA AB An aldehyde oxime amethyl ether, phenylacetalclehyde O-methyloxime, was detected using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the headspace above grapefruit leaves infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease (CBCD). This disease is a major phytosanitary concern, and an eradication campaign against it is currently underway in Florida. Phenylacetalclehyde O-methyloxime has been reported to be produced by other plants and fragrant flowers, but it was not observed in the headspace above uninfected grapefruit leaves, the pathogenic bacterium X. axonopodis pv. citri itself, or grapefruit leaves infected with another closely related bacterial pathogen, X axonopodis pv. citrumelo, which causes citrus bacterial spot, a disease of no phytosanitary significance. It was also not detected from CBCD infected fruits, including orange, lemon, grapefruit, and lime. We conclude that phenylacetalclehyde O-methyloxime may potentially be used to identify CBCD infestations. However, more intensive studies will be required to fully evaluate the potential of phenylacetalclehyde O-methyloxime as a diagnostic compound for CBCD. Using SPME and GC-MS to measure phenylacetaldehyde O-methyloxime may provide an easy and feasible tool to complement current methods used to detect X axonopodis pv. citri in environmental samples. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 13 BP 5134 EP 5137 DI 10.1021/jf050533x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938ZB UT WOS:000230040800014 PM 15969487 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Buslig, MS AF Manthey, JA Buslig, MS TI Distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice fractions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE furanocoumarins; psoralens; grapefruit juice; grapefruit pulp ID CYP3A4 INHIBITOR; PEEL OIL; COMPONENTS; CYTOCHROME-P450; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; FELODIPINE; COUMARINS AB The reported effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) juice on oral bioavailability of certain prescription drugs have led to the discovery of the inhibition by compounds in grapefruit of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the intestinal wall and liver. Recent evidence indicates that furanocournarins related to bergamottin [5-[(3',7'-dimethyl-2',6'-octadienyl)oxy]psoralen] are primarily responsible for the grapefruit effect, yet the exact mechanisms and roles that specific compounds play in this effect are still uncertain. In the current experiments freshly extracted grapefruit juice was separated into four fractions, consisting of raw finished juice (similar to 5% fine pulp), centrifugal retentate (similar to 35% fine pulp), centrifuged supernatant (< 1% pulp), and coarse finisher pulp. The relative concentrations of furanocoumarins in each of these grapefruit juice fractions were measured by HPLC-MS. These measurements showed that the centrifugal retentate had the highest furanocoumarin content, containing 892 ppm of bergamottin, 628 ppm of 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, 116 ppm of 6',7'epoxybergamottin, 105 ppm of 7-geranyloxycoumarin, and similar to 467 ppm of furanocoumarin dimers. These high furanocoumarin concentrations make this fraction a useful starting material for preparative-scale isolations of these compounds. MS analysis of this furanocoumarin-enriched fraction provided evidence of additional furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice that remain to be fully characterized and evaluated for their roles in the grapefruit-drug interactions. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 13 BP 5158 EP 5163 DI 10.1021/jf058004g PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 938ZB UT WOS:000230040800018 PM 15969491 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, NE TI Dacochile microsoma Poinar & Brown, not a tanyderid but a bruchomyiine psychodid (Diptera : Psychodidae, Tanyderidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tanyderidae; Psychodidae; Bruchomyiinae; fossil; Burmese amber ID BURMESE AMBER AB A review of the characters used by Poinar & Brown (2004) to place their new fossil fly from Burmese amber, Dacochile microsoma, in the family Tanyderidae conclusively demonstrates that the fly actually belongs to the subfamily Bruchomyiinae in the family Psychodidae. C1 USDA ARS, Smithsonian Institut, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Smithsonian Institut, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM nwoodley@sel.barc.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 28 PY 2005 IS 1012 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 940MX UT WOS:000230149700006 ER PT J AU Inglesby, MK Gray, GM Wood, DF Gregorski, KS Robertson, RG Sabellano, GP AF Inglesby, MK Gray, GM Wood, DF Gregorski, KS Robertson, RG Sabellano, GP TI Surface characterization of untreated and solvent-extracted rice straw SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solvent extraction; rice straw; electrokinetic analysis; zeta potential; surfaces ID WATER-UPTAKE BEHAVIOR; CELLULOSE FIBERS; BARLEY STRAW; CHARGE; WHEAT; WOOD AB Surface characteristics of untreated and solvent extracted rice straw and intact rice plant stem and sheath tissue have been investigated using reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), electrokinetic analysis (EKA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mason lignin and Kappa numbers were determined according to TAPPI standard methods. Sohxlet extractions were performed with hexanes, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol-toluene and benzene-ethanol azeotropes. The FTIR reflectance spectra showed differences between the untreated sheath and stem tissues. It was found that the functional groups of the stem interior tissues were masked by another substance, which is proposed to be potassium oxalate morohydrate. This mineral salt, readily removed by water-washing, was affected by the solvent extractions with varying results. The extracted amounts ranged from 1 to 7%. While lipid removal was detectable by the FTIR reflectance method, the streaming potential method showed only slight differences between the curves representing the zeta potential (mV) as a function of pH of the untreated versus extracted samples. Reduced values of the iso-electric points were observed for the extracted samples as compared to the untreated rice straw, indicative of more acidic surface characteristics. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Inglesby, MK (reprint author), 4160 Suisun Valley Rd,Suite E-331, Fairfield, CA 94534 USA. EM MariaK@cwnet.com NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.03.014 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 946LB UT WOS:000230572600003 PM 15922577 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; branched fatty esters; cetane number; cloud point; heat of combustion; ignition delay time; ignition quality tester; low-temperature properties; lubricity; oxidative stability; pour point; straight-chain fatty esters; viscosity ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL-FUEL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CETANE NUMBERS; CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; LUBRICATION PROPERTIES; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; IGNITION QUALITY; OIL AB Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an "alternative" diesel fuel that is becoming accepted in a steadily growing number of countries around the world. Since the source of biodiesel varies with the location and other sources such as recycled oils are continuously gaining interest, it is important to possess data on how the various fatty acid profiles of the different sources can influence biodiesel fuel properties. The properties of the various individual fatty esters that comprise biodiesel determine the overall fuel properties of the biodiesel fuel. In turn, the properties of the various fatty esters are determined by the structural features of the fatty acid and the alcohol moieties that comprise a fatty ester. Structural features that influence the physical and fuel properties of a fatty ester molecule are chain length, degree of unsaturation, and branching of the chain. Important fuel properties of biodiesel that are influenced by the fatty acid profile and, in turn, by the structural features of the various fatty esters are cetane number and ultimately exhaust emissions, heat of combustion, cold flow, oxidative stability, viscosity, and lubricity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 68 TC 862 Z9 894 U1 21 U2 185 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1059 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.002 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 930GJ UT WOS:000229403500002 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, RO TI Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of methyl soyate (biodiesel) SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; biodiesel; fuel stability; non-isothermal; oxidation onset temperature; oxidative stability; phase equilibria; pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry; scan rate ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE LUBRICANTS; VEGETABLE-OILS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; EDIBLE OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; SOYBEAN OIL; THERMOOXIDATIVE DECOMPOSITION; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; AUTOXIDATION KINETICS AB Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. When exposed to air during storage, autoxidation of biodiesel can cause degradation of fuel quality by adversely affecting properties such as kinematic viscosity, acid value and peroxide value. One approach for increasing resistance of fatty derivatives against autoxidation is to treat them with oxidation inhibitors (antioxidants). This study examines the effectiveness of live such antioxidants, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PrG) and alpha-Tocopherol in mixtures with soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME). Antioxidant activity in terms of increasing oxidation onset temperature (OT) was determined by non-isothermal pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC). Analyses were conducted in static (zero gas flow) and dynamic (positive gas flow) mode under 2000 kPa (290 psig) pressure and 5 degrees C/min heating scan rate. Results showed that PrG, BHT and BHA were most effective and a-Tocopherol least effective in increasing OT. Increasing antioxidant loading (concentration) showed sharp increases in activity for loadings up to 1000 ppm followed by smaller increases in activity at higher loadings. Phase equilibrium studies were also conducted to test physical compatibility of antioxidants in SME-No. 2 diesel fuel (D2) blends. Overall, this study recommends BHA or TBHQ (loadings up to 3000 ppm) for safeguarding biodiesel from effects of autoxidation during storage. BHT is also suitable at relatively low loadings (210 ppm after blending). PrG showed some compatibility problems and may not be readily soluble in blends with larger SME ratios. Although alpha-Tocopherol showed very good compatibility in blends, it was significantly less effective than the synthetic antioxidants screened in this work. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dunnro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 72 TC 213 Z9 222 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.003 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 930GJ UT WOS:000229403500003 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ AF Haas, MJ TI Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soapstock SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soapstock; biodiesel feedstock; transesterification/esterification ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; DIESEL-ENGINES; ESTERS; TALLOW AB Semirefined and refined vegetable oils are the predominant feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. However, their relatively high costs render the resulting fuels unable to compete with petroleum-derived fuel. We have investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; biodiesel) from soapstock (SS), a byproduct of edible oil refining that is substantially less expensive than edible-grade refined oils. Multiple approaches were taken in search of a route to the production of fatty acid methyl esters from soybean soapstock. The most effective method involved the complete saponification of the soapstock followed by acidulation using methods similar to those presently employed in industry. This resulted in an acid oil with a free fatty acid (FFA) content greater than 90%. These fatty acids were efficiently converted to methyl esters by acid-catalyzed esterification. The fatty acid composition of the resulting ester product reflected that of soy soapstock and was largely similar to that of soybean oil. Following a simple washing protocol, this preparation met the established specifications for biodiesel of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Engine emissions and performance during operation on soy soapstock biodiesel were comparable to those on biodiesel from soy oil. An economic analysis suggested that the production cost of soapstock biodiesel would be approximately US$ 0.41/1, a 25% reduction relative to the estimated cost of biodiesel produced from soy oil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mhaas@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1087 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.004 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 930GJ UT WOS:000229403500004 ER PT J AU Bricker, BJ Ewalt, DR AF Bricker, BJ Ewalt, DR TI Evaluation of the HOOF-Print assay for typing Brucella abortus strains isolated from cattle in the United States: results with four performance criteria SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMBER TANDEM REPEATS; VARIABLE-NUMBER; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; MICROSATELLITES; MELITENSIS; DIVERSITY; SUIS AB Background: A fundamental question that arises during epidemiological investigations of bacterial disease outbreaks is whether the outbreak strain is genetically related to a proposed index strain. Highly discriminating genetic markers for characterizing bacterial strains can help in clarifying the genetic relationships among strains. Under the auspices of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the European Study Group for Epidemiological Markers (ESGEM) established guidelines for evaluating the performance of typing systems based of a number of criteria. Recently, HOOF-Print genotype analysis, a new method for typing Brucella abortus strains based on hypervariability at eight tandem repeat loci, was described. This paper evaluates the HOOF-Print assay by four of the criteria set out by the ESGEM: typeability, reproducibility, power of discrimination, and concordance with other typing methods. Results: The HOOF-Print Assay was evaluated with a test population composed of 97 unrelated field isolates and 6 common laboratory strains of B. abortus. Both typeability and reproducibility of the assay were excellent. Allele diversity and frequency varied widely among the eight loci, ranging from 1 to 13 alleles. The power of discrimination, measured by the Hunter-Gaston discrimination index (HGDI), varied by locus ranging from 0 to 0.89, where a maximal value of 1.0 indicates discrimination of all strains. The HGDI values calculated for subgroups sorted by biovar were similar to the values determined for the whole population. None of the individual loci achieved the recommended HGDI threshold of 0.95, but the HGDI of the composite profiles was 0.99 (93 unique genotypes from 97 field strains evaluated), well above the recommended threshold. By comparison, the HGDI value for biovar typing was 0.61 in a test population biased with disproportionate numbers of the less common biovars. Cluster analysis based on HOOF-Print genotypes assembled the strains into hierarchical groups with no apparent association with the time or location of strain isolation. Likewise, these hierarchical groups were not homogeneous with regard to biotype. In one extreme case, two field isolates with identical fingerprints were identified as different biovars by conventional methods. Conclusion: The main purpose of this study was to assess the ability of HOOF-Print genotyping to discriminate unrelated field strains of B. abortus, and whether the assay met established requirements for bacterial strain typing methods. The discriminatory power of the assay was remarkable, considering the genetic homogeneity found among species within the genus. The assay met or exceeded all of the recommended levels for the performance criteria of typeability, reproducibility, and power of discrimination, however some inconsistencies with conventional biovar typing were observed. Nevertheless, the results indicate that with cautious interpretation, multilocus genotyping of polymorphic tandem repeats by HOOF-Print analysis could be a valuable complement to routine epidemiological investigations into localized B. abortus outbreaks. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bricker, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov; darla.r.ewalt@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 37 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-5-37 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 953IY UT WOS:000231071000001 PM 15975142 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Knoepp, JD AF Elliott, KJ Knoepp, JD TI The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE herbaceous flora; Quercus rubra; Rhododendron calendulaceum; North Carolina; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; non-metric multidimensional scaling; vegetation dynamics; disturbance ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; TREE SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LONG-TERM; FOREST MANAGEMENT; OAK FORESTS; RED OAK; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; GRADIENT; CARBON AB We evaluated the effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil resource availability in mixed-hardwood ecosystems. The study area is in the Wine Spring Creek watershed on the Nantahala National Forest of the Southern Appalachian Mountains in western North Carolina. The regeneration treatments were: an irregular, two-aged shelterwood cut (2A), with 5.0 m(2)/ha residual basal area; a shelterwood cut (SW), with 9.0 m(2)/ha residual basal area; a group selection cut (GS), with 0.10-0.20 ha openings and 25% overstory removal on area basis at first entry; fourth, the control, consisted of two uncut sites (UC). Each harvest treatment was replicated three times across the landscape in similar plant community types. Within each treatment area, permanent plots were marked and inventoried for overstory, midstory, and herbaceous layer plants. In each permanent plot, we collected soil samples in winter (December-March) to reduce temporal variation due to vegetation phenological stage and rainfall events. We analyzed soil samples for extractable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, bulk density, A-horizon depth, total carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). Species diversity of overstory, understory, and herbaceous layer species was evaluated using species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener's index of diversity (H), and Pielou's evenness index (E). We used direct gradient analysis (non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMS) to explore the changes in vegetation-site relationships among herbaceous layer abundance, and soil characteristics and overstory basal area between pre-harvest (1994) and post-harvest (2000). Twelve minor overstory species were cut from the 2A treatments and nine species were cut from the SW treatments. Thus, it is not surprising that S and H' were reduced in the overstory on the heavily cut sites. However, most of these species sprouted from cut stumps and were substantially more abundant in the midstory layer after harvest than before. For the midstory, we found higher S and H' on the harvested treatments than the control; however, IT did not differ significantly among the harvest treatments. We measured an increase in herbaceous layer H' on the more heavily cut treatments (2A and SW) after harvest. We found an increase in average distance in the NMS ordination among sites in 2000 compared to 1994, which suggests greater herbaceous species diversity after harvest. However, we did not see a clear separation among harvest treatments in the NMS ordination. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliot@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 3 BP 296 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.064 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SP UT WOS:000229876000005 ER PT J AU Zheng, JM Ather, JL Sonstegard, TS Kerr, DE AF Zheng, JM Ather, JL Sonstegard, TS Kerr, DE TI Characterization of the infection-responsive bovine lactoferrin promoter SO GENE LA English DT Article DE mastitis; transcription; luciferase reporter gene ID GENE PROMOTER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; BINDING PROTEIN; MOUSE; SEQUENCE; MILK; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; CELLS; ELEMENTS AB The concentration of lactoferrin in bovine milk is dramatically increased in response to infection. The high levels of lactoferrin may have a role in the prevention of microbial infection of the mammary gland. However, molecular mechanisms of how the lactoferrin gene is regulated in the mammary gland in response to infection remain unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized the 5' flanking region of the bovine lactoferrin gene. An 8.2 kilobase (kb) fragment of the bovine lactoferrin gene, containing 4.4 kb of 5' flanking region, exon 1, intron 1, and exon 2, was isolated from a bovine genomic library on two overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Sequence analysis of the isolated lactoferrin gene revealed that the promoter region contains a high GC content, a noncanonical TATA box, multiple stimulating protein 1 (SP1)/GC elements, and other putative binding sites for transcription factors including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), activator protein 1 (AP1), signal transducer and activator of transcriptions 3 and 5 (STAT3 and STAT5), and steroid hormone receptors. To demonstrate that the isolated promoter is functional, 4.4 kb of 5' flanking region was inserted upstream from the firefly luciferase gene and the chimeric construct was transiently transfected into murine mammary epithelial cells. Transfection studies showed that the basal promoter activity is quite potent, being similar in strength to that of the simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter/enhancer. In addition, a 24-h treatment with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly stimulated its activity up to 2.3-fold in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, promoter deletion analysis indicated that the sequence up to -543 was sufficient for basal activity, whereas the sequence up to -1029 was required for maximal basal activity. The basal activity of the promoter is affected by both positive regulatory regions (-2462/-1879 and -1029/-75) and a negative regulatory region (-1407/-1029). LPS-responsive regions of the promoter were localized to the region from -1029 to -543 containing one STAT3 site and two NF-kappa B sites, and the region from -4355 to -2462 containing three AP1 sites and six NF-kappa B sites. Taken together, our findings suggested that the lactoferrin promoter responds to infection via the NF-kappa B pathway. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Lactat & Mammary Gland Biol Grp, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. USDA, ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kerr, DE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Lactat & Mammary Gland Biol Grp, 213 Terrill Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM david.kerr@uvm.edu RI zheng, jiamao/E-3953-2010 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 353 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.016 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 941YG UT WOS:000230249500012 PM 15935571 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Carruthers, RI Ge, SK Gong, P AF Anderson, GL Carruthers, RI Ge, SK Gong, P TI Monitoring of invasive Tamarix distribution and effects of biological control with airborne hyperspectral remote sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, CAMFER, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Area, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM ganderson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2487 EP 2489 DI 10.1080/01431160310001618068 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948QX UT WOS:000230731900001 ER PT J AU White, MA Shaw, JD Ramsey, RD AF White, MA Shaw, JD Ramsey, RD TI Accuracy assessment of the vegetation continuous field tree cover product using 3954 ground plots in the south-western USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB An accuracy assessment of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation continuous field (VCF) tree cover product using two independent ground-based tree cover databases was conducted. Ground data included 1176 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots for Arizona and 2778 Southwest Regional GAP (SWReGAP) plots for Utah and western Colorado. Overall rms. error was 24% for SWReGAP and 31%, for FIA data. VCF bias was positive at low observed tree cover but systematically increased thereafter until at greater than 60% observed tree cover, VCF tree cover was 40% (SWReGAP) to 45% (FIA) too low. Errors are unlikely to be related to habitat fragmentation or variation in canopy height but may be influenced by scaling discontinuities between ground and satellite resolutions. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden Forestry Sci Lab, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP White, MA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mikew@cc.usu.edu RI Ramsey, R. Douglas/D-3504-2009; OI White, Michael/0000-0002-0238-8913 NR 9 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2699 EP 2704 DI 10.1080/01431160500080626 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948QX UT WOS:000230731900013 ER PT J AU Linke, T Dawson, H Harrison, EH AF Linke, T Dawson, H Harrison, EH TI Isolation and characterization of a microsomal acid retinyl ester hydrolase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER CARBOXYLESTERASES; BILE-SALT; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BINDING-PROTEIN; STELLATE CELLS; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; HYDROLYSIS; METABOLISM; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Previous work demonstrated both acid and neutral, bile salt-independent retinyl ester hydrolase activities in rat liver homogenates. Here we present the purification, identification, and characterization of an acid retinyl ester hydrolase activity from solubilized rat liver microsomes. Purification to homogeneity was achieved by sequential chromatography using SP-Sepharose cation exchange, phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction, concanavalin A- Sepharose affinity and Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography. The isolated protein had a monomer molecular mass of similar to 62 kDa, as measured by mass spectrometry. Gel filtration chromatography of the purified protein revealed a native molecular mass of similar to 176 kDa, indicating that the protein exists as a homotrimeric complex in solution. The purified protein was identified as carboxylesterase ES-10 (EC 3.1.1.1) by N-terminal Edman sequencing and extensive LC-MS/MS sequence analysis and cross-reaction with an anti-ES-10 antibody. Glycosylation analysis revealed that only one of two potential N-linked glycosylation sites is occupied by a high mannose-type carbohydrate structure. Using retinyl palmitate in a micellar assay system the enzyme was active over a broad pH range and displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a K-m of 86 mu M. Substrate specificity studies showed that ES-10 is also able to catalyze hydrolysis of triolein. Cholesteryl oleate was not a substrate for ES-10 under these assay conditions. Real time reverse transcriptase-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that ES-10 is highly expressed in liver and lung. Lower levels of ES-10 mRNA were also found in kidney, testis, and heart. A comparison of mRNA expression levels in liver demonstrated that ES-10, ES-4,and ES-3 were expressed at significantly higher levels than ES-2, an enzyme previously thought to play a major role in retinyl ester metabolism in liver. Taken together these data indicate that carboxylesterase ES-10 plays a major role in the hydrolysis of newly-endocytosed, chylomicron retinyl esters in both neutral and acidic membrane compartments of liver cells. C1 USDA ARS, Lab Phytonutrients, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Lab Nutrients Requirements & Funct, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harrison, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lab Phytonutrients, BARC E,Bldg 307C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM harrisoe@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK044498, DK044498] NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 24 BP 23287 EP 23294 DI 10.1074/jbc.M413585200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 934XB UT WOS:000229741800087 PM 15767260 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Perkins-Veazie, PM AF Rimando, AM Perkins-Veazie, PM TI Determination of citrulline in watermelon rind SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE citrulline; watermelon; rind ID WILD WATERMELON; AMINO-ACIDS; ARGE HOMOLOG; DERIVATIVES; LEAVES AB Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) is a natural and rich source of the non-essential amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is used in the nitric oxide system in humans and has potential antioxidant and vasodilatation roles. A method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to separate citrulline from glutamic acid, which co-elute when analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Watermelons were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the citrulline content among varieties, types, flesh colors, and tissues. Citrulline content ranged from 3.9 to 28.5 mg/g dry weight (dwt) and was similar between seeded and seedless types (16.6 and 20.3 mg/g dwt, respectively). Red flesh watermelons had slightly less citrulline than the yellow or orange flesh watermelons (7.4, 28.5 and 14.2 mg/g dwt, respectively). Rind contained more citrulline than flesh on a dry weight basis (24.7 and 16.7 mg/g dwt, respectively) but a little less on a fresh weight (fwt) basis (1.3 and 1.9 mg/g fwt, respectively). These results indicate that watermelon rind, an underutilized agricultural waste, offers a source of natural citrulline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Genet & Prod Res, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 10 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 1078 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.009 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 938JO UT WOS:000229996100026 PM 16007998 ER PT J AU Zukas, AA Breksa, AP AF Zukas, AA Breksa, AP TI Extraction methods for analysis of Citrus leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional electrophoresis; leaf tissue; Citrus; protein extraction ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SOLUBILIZATION; PURIFICATION AB General procedures for the extraction of Citrus leaf proteins for analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were developed through the evaluation and modification of existing methods. Among the methods evaluated, the best results were obtained when Tris-HCl, KCl, and phenol extractions were followed by precipitation with organic solvents to purify and concentrate the samples. The utility of the Tris-HCl extraction method was demonstrated on the leaves of six genetically different Citrus varieties. The methods described are versatile and result in high resolution 2-DE gels of Citrus leaf proteins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanon St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 1078 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.020 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 938JO UT WOS:000229996100027 PM 16007999 ER PT J AU Arkus, KAJ Cahoon, EB Jez, JM AF Arkus, KAJ Cahoon, EB Jez, JM TI Mechanistic analysis of wheat chlorophyllase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; chlorophyllase; Triticum aestivum; plant senescence; hydrolase; reaction mechanism ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; MICELLAR TERNARY-SYSTEM; CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RYE SEEDLINGS; CITRUS-FRUIT; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; ENZYME; ESTERASE AB Chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial step in the degradation of chlorophyll and plays a key role in leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Here, we report the cloning of chlorophyllase from Triticum aestivum (wheat) and provide a detailed mechanistic analysis of the enzyme. Purification of recombinant chlorophyllase from an Escherichia coli expression system indicates that the enzyme functions as a dimeric protein. Wheat chlorophyllase hydrolyzed the phytol moiety from chlorophyll (k(cat) = 566 min(-1); K6(m) = 63 mu M) and was active over a broad temperature range (10-75 degrees C). In addition, the enzyme displays carboxylesterase activity toward p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-butyrate, PNP-decanoate, and PNP-palmitate. The pH-dependence of the reaction showed the involvement of an active site residue with a pK(a) of similar to 6.5 for both k(cat) and k(cat)/K-m with chlorophyll, PNP-butyrate, and PNP-decanoate. Using these substrates, solvent kinetic isotope effects ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 and from 1.4 to 1.9 on k(cat) and k(cat)/K-m, respectively, were observed. Proton inventory experiments suggest the transfer of a single proton in the rate-limiting step. Our analysis of wheat chlorophyllase indicates that the enzyme uses a charge-relay mechanism similar to other carboxylesterases for catalysis. Understanding the activity and mechanism of chlorophyllase provides insight on the biological and chemical control of senescence in plants and lays the groundwork for biotechnological improvement of this enzyme. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Jez, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM ecahoon@danforthcenter.org; jjez@danforthcenter.org NR 48 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 2 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2005.04.019 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 937IT UT WOS:000229918500005 PM 15913540 ER PT J AU Bajwa, A Horst, RL Beckman, MJ AF Bajwa, A Horst, RL Beckman, MJ TI Gene profiling the effects of calcium deficiency versus 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D induced hypercalcemia in rat kidney cortex SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vitamin D receptor; 1 alpha-OHase; 24-OHase; calcium; microarray; PTH ID VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; D-3 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTORS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; DIETARY CALCIUM; IN-VIVO; MOUSE KIDNEY; D METABOLISM AB Determinants involved in the activation and repression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D-3) synthesis in renal cortex by changes in extracellular Ca were studied. Cortical kidney RNA isolated from hypocalcemic (LC) rats generated by a low Ca diet, and hypercalcemic (HC) rats generated by a normal Ca diet and two sequential 1 mu g doses of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. Among the genes up-regulated were 1 alpha-OHase (4.6-fold) in the LC group and high differential gene expression of VDR (4.0-fold) and 24-OHase (10.4-fold) in the HC group. Moreover, the exposure of renal cortex to LC versus HC conditions revealed a high differential expression of a PKA-dominated pathway involving CBP interacting protein, GATA-1 and CREB transcription factors in the LC model. In the HC model, elevated renal cortex gene expression of several growth factors, peptide receptors, and intracellular signaling molecules depicts a role for CaSR activation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-mediated gene activation and repression of 1 alpha-OHase. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Orthopaed Res Lab, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Beckman, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM mjbeckma@vcu.edu NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 2 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2005.04.016 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 937IT UT WOS:000229918500009 PM 15913539 ER PT J AU Buschle-Diller, G Inglesby, MK Wu, Y AF Buschle-Diller, G Inglesby, MK Wu, Y TI Physicochemical properties of chemically and enzymatically modified cellulosic surfaces SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE electrokinetic potential; surface energy; inverse gas chromatography; dynamic contact angle; cellulosic fibers ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZETA-POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS; CONTACT-ANGLE; FLAX FIBERS; ENERGY; ENERGETICS; BEHAVIOR; WOOL AB Surface characteristics of modified cotton fibers have been studied using electrokinetic analysis (EKA), inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and dynamic contact angle (DCA) determinations. Modifications of cotton surfaces included mercerization, water-proofing, cross-linking, dyeing with a bifunctional reactive dye and cellulase biopolishing. Comparisons are made to linen as an example of a natural cellulosic fiber other than cotton and to rayon as a representative of a regenerated cellulosic fiber. Generally all cellulosic surfaces were bipolar with a slightly higher acidic contribution in the case of the cotton samples. EKA indicated ion dissociation as the predominant mechanism for surface charge in aqueous medium for all cellulosic samples, with the exception of greige cotton and the cotton sample with the hydrophobic finish. Results from EKA and IGC showed good correlation, while DCA yielded unreasonably high basic contributions most likely due to fiber swelling. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buschle-Diller, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM giselabd@eng.auburn.edu NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 260 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.02.031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 948KK UT WOS:000230714500008 ER PT J AU Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Ward, TE Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Boyle, JS Flury, M AF Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Ward, TE Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Boyle, JS Flury, M TI Cesium desorption from lllite as affected by exudates from rhizosphere bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE COMPENSATING CATION; SILICATE MINERALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; RADIOCESIUM; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; ILLITE; SOILS; NUTRITION; BIOTITE AB Biogeochemical processes in the rhizosphere can significantly alter interactions between contaminants and soil minerals. In this study, several strains of bacteria that exude aluminum (Al)-chelating compounds were isolated from the rhizosphere of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) collected from the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). We examined the effects of exudates from bacteria in the genera Bacillus, Ralstonia, and Enterobacteron cesium (Cs) desorption from illite. Exudates from these strains of bacteria significantly enhanced Cs desorption from illite. In addition, Cs desorption increased with increasing Bacillus exudate concentrations. Cesium desorption from illite as a function of both exudate type and concentration was positively correlated with Al dissolution, suggesting that the Al-complexing ability of the exudates played an important role in enhancing Cs desorption. The density of frayed edge sites (FES) on illite increased as a result of treatment with bacterial exudates, while the Cs/K selectivity of FES decreased. These results suggest that exudates from bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere can enhance Cs desorption from frayed edges of illite and, therefore, can alter Cs availability in micaceous soils. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wendling, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 646120, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lawendling@wsu.edu RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014; Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684; Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4505 EP 4512 DI 10.1021/es048809p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QU UT WOS:000229724100029 PM 16047787 ER PT J AU Hininger, I Waters, R Osman, M Garrel, C Fernholz, K Roussel, AM Anderson, RA AF Hininger, I Waters, R Osman, M Garrel, C Fernholz, K Roussel, AM Anderson, RA TI Acute prooxidant effects of vitamin C in EDTA chelation therapy and long-term antioxidant benefits of therapy SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE reactive oxygen species; ascorbic acid; antioxidant; prooxidant; EDTA chelation ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; ASCORBIC-ACID; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; IN-VIVO; STRESS; SUPPLEMENTATION; IRON; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Chelation therapy is thought to not only remove contaminating metals but also to decrease free radical production. EDTA chelation therapy, containing high doses of vitamin C as an antioxidant, is often used in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases but the effectiveness of this treatment may be variable and its efficacy has not been demonstrated conclusively. The objective of this work was to determine if the vitamin C added to standard chelation therapy cocktails was prooxidant. We administered a standard EDTA cocktail solution with or without 5 g of sodium ascorbate. One hour following the standard chelation therapy, there were highly significant prooxidant effects on lipids, proteins, and DNA associated with decreased activities of RBC glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while in the absence of sodium ascorbate, there were no acute signs of oxidative damage. After 16 sessions of standard chelation therapy, the acute prooxidant effects of vitamin C remained, but, even in the absence of nutrient supplements, there were beneficial long-term antioxidant effects of chelation therapy and plasma peroxide levels decreased. In conclusion, multiple sessions of EDTA chelation therapy protect lipids against oxidative damage. However, standard high amounts of vitamin C added to EDTA chelation solutions also display short term prooxidant effects. The added benefits of lower levels of vitamin C in chelation therapy need to be documented. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab NVMC, F-38700 La Tronche, France. Waters Prevent Med Ctr, Wisconsin Dells, WI USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307C Room 222, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM andersonr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1570 DI 10.1016/j.freeadbiomed.2005.02.016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 933XL UT WOS:000229666100003 PM 15917185 ER PT J AU Harry-O'Kuru, RE Wu, YV Evangelista, R Vaughn, SF Rayford, W Wilson, RF AF Harry-O'Kuru, RE Wu, YV Evangelista, R Vaughn, SF Rayford, W Wilson, RF TI Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) seed processing and potential utilization SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sicklepod; Senna obtusifolia; polysaccharides; galactomannan; anthraquinones; proteins ID CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; ANTHRAQUINONES AB Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) is a leguminous plant that infests soybean fields in the southeastern United States. Its seeds contain a variety of toxic, highly colored compounds, mainly anthraquinones together with a small amount of fat. These compounds contaminate and lower the quality of soybean oil when inadequately cleaned soybean seed from this area is processed. The sorting of sicklepod seed from a soybean harvest is an additional economic burden on the farmer beyond the cost of proper disposal of the weed seed to avoid worsening field infestation. Fortunately, sicklepod seed also contains substantial amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. These edible components when freed from anthraquinones have a market in pet food as well as potential in human foods because of the high galactomannan ratio of the polysaccharides. Sicklepod seed was dehulled, and the ground endosperm was defatted, followed by sequential solvent extraction of the defatted seed meal to isolate the anthraquinones, carbohydrates, and protein components into their respective classes. Each class of isolate was spectroscopically identified. C1 US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, REE ARS NPS CPPVS, Natl Program Leader Oilseeds & Biosci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harry-O'Kuru, RE (reprint author), US Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM harryore@ncaur.usda.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 12 BP 4784 EP 4787 DI 10.1021/jf040483g PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 934PM UT WOS:000229720700022 PM 15941316 ER PT J AU Moore, PH AF Moore, PH TI Integration of sucrose accumulation processes across hierarchical scales: towards developing an understanding of the gene-to-crop continuum SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Sugarcane Physiology - Integrating from Cell to Crop to Advance Sugarcane Production CY SEP 01-04, 2003 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Fed Govt, Sugar Res & Dev Corp, Sugar Ind DE systems biology; sugarcane; Saccharum; yield improvement; molecular databases ID MATURING INTERNODAL TISSUE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG; RUST RESISTANCE GENE; METABOLIC NETWORKS; TEMPERATE MAIZE; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; SUGARCANE; YIELD; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION AB Although we have a working knowledge of the general biology of sugarcane and are fairly efficient in crop production, we are only beginning to produce the detailed biochemical and genetic information that will be needed to develop technologies necessary for long-term success of the sugarcane industry. A true understanding of sucrose accumulation will be achieved only through a combination of experimental and computational analyses of comprehensive datasets to gain information on the underlying molecules and processes. Currently, systems-level approaches towards understanding biology are gaining momentum primarily because of the tremendous increases in computing power, advances in information sciences and rapid progress being made in molecular biology to facilitate data management, analyses and modeling from high-throughput genome sequencing and proteomics. Large-scale sequencing projects have not only provided complete sequence information for a number of genomes, but they are also producing integrated pathway-genome databases and models that provide organism specific connectivity maps of metabolic and, to a lesser extent, other cellular networks. To date, the processes that generate mass, energy, information transfer and cell-fate specification have been analyzed only at the cell or microorganism levels, where they are shown to be seamlessly integrated through a complex network of cellular constituents and reactions. Despite the key role of these networks in sustaining cellular functions, their large-scale structure is essentially unknown. Fifty years of sugarcane research have identified and characterized a suite of physiological processes and enzymes involved in sucrose accumulation. More recently, genes. encoding these enzymes have been isolated, cloned and used in experiments to transform sugarcane to increase or decrease expression of the enzyme with the goal of altering sucrose accumulation. However, results of this reductionist approach towards understanding sucrose accumulation have fallen short of expectations, apparently because of the complex interactions among the multitude of simultaneous processes. Recent rapid expansion of sugarcane molecular datasets and the beginning of a systems approach to metabolic modeling of sucrose accumulation point the way for future research efforts to integrate processes from gene to crop performance. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Moore, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.031 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 930GO UT WOS:000229404000002 ER PT J AU Metz, MA Gates, MW Schauff, ME AF Metz, MA Gates, MW Schauff, ME TI Report of a novel biological association for Paracrias huberi Gumovsky (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) with redescription of the female and description of the unknown male SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chalcidoidea; Entedoninae; systematics; host; parasitoid; gregarious; Quercus montana; chestnut oak; George B. Vogt ID VEGETATION-SITE RELATIONSHIPS; FORESTS; LOCATION; USA AB The female of Paracrias huberi Gumovsky (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is redescribed and the previously unknown male described from material collected by George B. Vogt near Plummers Island, Maryland. The species is diagnosed and placed within the current phylogenetic concept for the genus Paracrias. Collection records indicate this species was reared from Homoeolabus analis Illiger (Coleoptera: Attelabidae), which is a leaf-rolling herbivore of Quercus spp. and Castanea spp. (Fagales: Fagaceae), thus expanding the potential host guild range of the genus Paracrias and the known biology of the species. In addition, these records report an association with Q. prinus L., a species native to the eastern United States. The implications of these discoveries in relation to the biology of the plant, host, and wasp parasite are reviewed and discussed. C1 Co Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Metz, MA (reprint author), Co Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM markmetz@sel.barc.usda.gov; mgates@sel.barc.usda.gov; mschauff@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 14 PY 2005 IS 1008 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 936OE UT WOS:000229864500003 ER PT J AU Baerson, SR Sanchez-Moreiras, A Pedrol-Bonjoch, N Schulz, M Kagan, IA Agarwal, AK Reigosa, MJ Duke, SO AF Baerson, SR Sanchez-Moreiras, A Pedrol-Bonjoch, N Schulz, M Kagan, IA Agarwal, AK Reigosa, MJ Duke, SO TI Detoxification and transcriptome response in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASES; PREGNANE-X-RECEPTOR; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; HERBICIDE SAFENERS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT DEFENSE; DNA-BINDING; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; METABOLIZING-ENZYMES AB Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) is an allelochemical most commonly associated with monocot species, formed from the O-glucoside of 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one by a two-step degradation process. The capacity of Arabidopsis to detoxify exogenously supplied BOA was analyzed by quantification of the major known metabolites BOA-6-OH, BOA-6-O-glucoside, and glucoside carbamate, revealing that detoxification occurs predominantly through O-glucosylation of the intermediate BOA-6-OH, most likely requiring the sequential action of as-yet-unidentified cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucosyltransferase activities. Transcriptional profiling experiments were also performed with Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to BOA concentrations, representing I(50) and I(80) levels based on root elongation inhibition assays. One of the largest functional categories observed for BOA-responsive genes corresponded to protein families known to participate in cell rescue and defense, with the majority of these genes potentially associated with chemical detoxification pathways. Further experiments using a subset of these genes revealed that many are also transcriptionally induced by a variety of structurally diverse xenobiotic compounds, suggesting they comprise components of a coordinately regulated, broad specificity xenobiotic defense response. The data significantly expand upon previous studies examining plant transcriptional responses to allelo-chemicals and other environmental toxins and provide novel insights into xenobiotic detoxification mechanisms in plants. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Lab Ecofisiol Vexetal, Vigo 36310, Spain. SERIDA, Area Nutr Pastos & Forrajes, Estacion Expt La Mata, Grado 33820, Spain. Univ Bonn, Inst Mol Physiol & Biotechnol Pflanzen, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Baerson, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sbaerson@olemiss.edu RI Sanchez Moreiras, Adela/A-8222-2011; Reigosa , Manuel/K-3551-2013 OI Sanchez Moreiras, Adela/0000-0002-0771-9259; Reigosa , Manuel/0000-0003-0527-1849 NR 88 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 23 BP 21867 EP 21881 DI 10.1074/jbc.M500694200 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 932MN UT WOS:000229557900027 PM 15824099 ER PT J AU Branscum, AJ Gardner, IA Wagner, BA McIntuff, PS Salman, MD AF Branscum, AJ Gardner, IA Wagner, BA McIntuff, PS Salman, MD TI Effect of diagnostic testing error on intracluster correlation coefficient estimation SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intracluster correlation; intraclass correlation; sensitivity; specificity; survey design; survey analysis; Bayesian estimation ID PREVALENCE ESTIMATION; DISEASE; LEVEL; PERFORMANCE; FREEDOM; CATTLE; MODELS AB Estimation of the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) for infectious animal diseases may be of interest for survey planning and for calculating variance inflation factors for estimators of prevalence. Typically, diagnostic tests with imperfect sensitivity and specificity are used in surveys. In such studies, where animals from multiple herds are tested, the ICC often is estimated using apparent (test-based) rather than true prevalence data. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we examined the effect of substituting diagnostic test outcomes for true infection status on an ANOVA estimator of ICC, which was designed for use with true infection status data. We considered effects of diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity on the estimated ICC when the true ICC value and infection status of the sampled individuals were known. The ANOVA estimator underestimated the true ICC when the diagnostic test was imperfect. We also demonstrated, under the beta-binomial model, that the ICC based on apparent infection status for individuals is <= ICC based on true infection status. In addition, we propose a Bayesian model for estimating the ICC that incorporates imperfect sensitivity and specificity and illustrate the Bayesian model using a simulation study and one example; a seroprevalence survey of ovine progressive pneumonia in U.S. sheep flocks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wagner, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Bruce.A.Wagner@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.01.015 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 933SF UT WOS:000229652500006 PM 15899297 ER PT J AU Cashion, J Lakshmi, V Bosch, D Jackson, TJ AF Cashion, J Lakshmi, V Bosch, D Jackson, TJ TI Microwave remote sensing of soil moisture: Evaluation of the TRMM microwave imager (TMI) satellite for the Little River Watershed Tifton, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; microwave remote sensing; hydrological processes; vegetation index ID VEGETATION; HYDROLOGY; GHZ; RED AB Soil moisture plays a critical role in many hydrological processes including infiltration, evaporation, and runoff. Satellite-based passive microwave sensors offer an effective way to observe soil moisture conditions over vast areas. There are currently several satellite systems that can detect soil moisture. Calibration, validation, and characterization of data received from these satellite systems are an ongoing process. One approach to these requirements is to collect and compare long-term in situ (field) measurements of soil moisture with remotely sensed data. The in situ measurements for this paper were collected at the Little River Watershed (LRW) Tifton, Georgia and compared to the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) 10.65 GHz vertical and horizontial (V and H) sensors and vegetation density Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the period from 1999 through 2002. The in situ soil moisture probes exist in conjunction with rain gauge stations throughout the sampling region. It was found that the TMI was able to observe soil moisture conditions when vegetation levels were low. However, during several months each year high vegetation levels mask the soil moisture signal from the TMI. When the monthly averaged observation from the TMI, MODIS, and in situ probes were subjected to a multivariable comparison the correlation value increased slightly, improving the accuracy of the TMI-soil moisture correlation. Our results show that the TMI estimate would not result in an adequate monitoring of large land areas but when used in conjunction with other satellite sensors and in situ networks and model output can constitute an effective means of monitoring soil moisture of the land surface. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lakshmi, V (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. EM venkat-lakshmi@sc.edu RI Lakshmi, Venkat/I-3078-2016 OI Lakshmi, Venkat/0000-0001-7431-9004 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 1-4 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.hydrol.2004.10.019 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 935UG UT WOS:000229808300017 ER PT J AU Govindarajulu, M Pfeffer, PE Jin, HR Abubaker, J Douds, DD Allen, JW Bucking, H Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y AF Govindarajulu, M Pfeffer, PE Jin, HR Abubaker, J Douds, DD Allen, JW Bucking, H Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y TI Nitrogen transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; IN-VITRO; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; CARBON; ASSIMILATION; ROOTS; METABOLISM; TRANSLOCATION; CARBOHYDRATE AB Most land plants are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which take up mineral nutrients from the soil and exchange them with plants for photosynthetically fixed carbon. This exchange is a significant factor in global nutrient cycles(1) as well as in the ecology(2), evolution(3) and physiology(4) of plants. Despite its importance as a nutrient, very little is known about how AMF take up nitrogen and transfer it to their host plants(5). Here we report the results of stable isotope labelling experiments showing that inorganic nitrogen taken up by the fungus outside the roots is incorporated into amino acids, translocated from the extraradical to the intraradical mycelium as arginine, but transferred to the plant without carbon. Consistent with this mechanism, the genes of primary nitrogen assimilation are preferentially expressed in the extraradical tissues, whereas genes associated with arginine breakdown are more highly expressed in the intraradical mycelium. Strong changes in the expression of these genes in response to nitrogen availability and form also support the operation of this novel metabolic pathway in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lammers, PJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ppfeffer@arserrc.gov; plammers@nmsu.edu RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 30 TC 334 Z9 376 U1 23 U2 240 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7043 BP 819 EP 823 DI 10.1038/nature03610 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933NK UT WOS:000229638700051 PM 15944705 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Kunkel, K Slusser, J Dai, YJ Min, QL Houser, PR Rodell, M Schaaf, CB Gao, F AF Liang, XZ Xu, M Gao, W Kunkel, K Slusser, J Dai, YJ Min, QL Houser, PR Rodell, M Schaaf, CB Gao, F TI Development of land surface albedo parameterization based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; BIOSPHERE MODEL; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; ENERGY-BALANCE AB [ 1] A new dynamic-statistical parameterization of snow-free land surface albedo is developed using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) products of broadband black-sky and white-sky reflectance and vegetation and the North American and Global Land Data Assimilation System ( LDAS) outputs of soil moisture during 2000 - 2003. The dynamic component represents the predictable albedo dependences on solar zenith angle, surface soil moisture, fractional vegetation cover, leaf plus stem area index, and greenness, while the statistical part represents the correction for static effects that are specific to local surface characteristics. All parameters of the dynamic and statistical components are determined by solving nonlinear constrained optimization problems of a physically based conceptual model for the minimization of the bulk variances between simulations and observations. They all depend on direct beam or diffuse radiation and visible or near-infrared band. The dynamic parameters are also functions of land cover category, while the statistical factors are specific to geographic location. The new parameterization realistically represents surface albedo variations, including the mean, shape, and distribution, around each dependent parameter. For composites of all temporal and spatial samples of the same land cover category over North America, correlation coefficients between the dynamic component of the new parameterization and the MODIS data range from 0.39 to 0.88, while relative errors vary within 8 - 42%. The gross (i.e., integrated over all categories) correlations and errors are 0.57 - 0.71 and 17 - 26%, changing with direct beam or diffuse radiation and visible or near-infrared band. The static local correction results in a further reduction in relative errors, producing gross values of 11 - 21%. The new parameterization is a marked improvement over the existing albedo scheme of the state-of-the-art Common Land Model ( CLM), which has correlation coefficients from - 0.57 to 0.71 and relative errors of 18 140% for individual land cover categories, and gross values of 0.03 - 0.32 and 37 - 71%, respectively. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Res Ctr Remote Sensing, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, GIS, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12205 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@uiuc.edu; minxu@uiuc.edu; wei.gao@colostate.edu; kkunkel@uiuc.edu; james.slusser@colostate.edu; yongjiudai@bnu.edu.cn; min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; paul.houser@nasa.gov; matthew.rodell@nasa.gov; schaaf@crsa.bu.edu; fgao@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Gao, Feng/F-3944-2010; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644 NR 94 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11107 DI 10.1029/2004JD005579 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937YS UT WOS:000229964700003 ER PT J AU Borchers, JG AF Borchers, JG TI Accepting uncertainty, assessing risk: Decision quality in managing wildfire, forest resource values, and new technology SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE forest management; biodiversity; wildfire; decision-making; decision support; risk assessment; risk management; quality ID MANAGEMENT AB The risks, uncertainties, and social conflicts surrounding uncharacteristic wildfire and forest resource values have defied conventional approaches to planning and decision-making. Paradoxically, the adoption of technological innovations such as risk assessment, decision analysis, and landscape simulation models by land management organizations has been limited. The infusion of a technological innovation into organizations is determined largely by a trade-off between its compatibility with existing values, past experiences and needs, and the relative advantage of the innovation over that which it replaces. For instance, while the methods and tools of risk assessment offer numerous advantages to managers, they may be largely incompatible with an undue desire for certainty that imbues the culture of their organizations. This, coupled with a complementary desire on the part of scientists to provide certainty, defines the traditional relationship between management and research. The efficacy of this relationship is challenged by the law of conservation of risk. This law suggests that much of the uncertainty and risk associated with managing ecosystems cannot be eliminated; it can only be transferred. In this systems, or "marketplace" view of risk, the demand for certainty by managers and policymakers may exceed the supply provided by science, particularly in conflicted-ridden resource problems. As a remedy, it has been suggested that managers renounce their desire for certainty and "embrace" uncertainty. This can be accomplished with a strategic focus on decision quality that would accommodate even the large uncertainties associated with uncharacteristic wildfires, restoration activities, and sensitive species. Decision quality is defined as the outgrowth of a distinct decision science imbued with organizing principles, ethics, laws, or quantitative relationships that facilitate consistency with values, objectives, belief systems, and empirical evidence. While quality in ecological risk management can be improved by acquiring new technologies, the decision to acquire new technologies is itself a risky decision. Hence, ecological risks and organizational risks should be managed and assessed as part of a larger framework that consider the risk "marketplace" while addressing the challenge of "deciding how to decide". (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Borchers, JG (reprint author), 800 Beaver Creek Rd, Jacksonville, OR 97530 USA. EM borchers@orst.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.025 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600005 ER PT J AU Hardy, CC AF Hardy, CC TI Wildland fire hazard and risk: Problems, definitions, and context SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE fire terminology; fire hazard; fire severity; fire risk; fire regime; risk assessment AB The risks, hazards, and relative severity of wildland fires are presented here within the ecological context of historical natural fire regimes, time, space, and process. As the public dialogue on the role and impacts of wildland fire increases, it is imperative for all partners to converge on clear and concise terminology that defines risk, hazard, and the characteristic (or uncharacteristic) nature of wildland fire. These terms must be defined in the context of scale-both spatial and temporal. The concept of historical natural fire regimes involves a classification of the characteristic, or "natural" processes and effects associated with wildland fire occurring in sustainable ecosystems. When a wildland fire occurs within the time, space, and severity parameters of the historical natural fire regime, the fire can be called natural, or "characteristic". The milieu of disturbance effects we call catastrophic, such as economic losses, damages to communities and structures, or impacts on short-term aesthetic values involve social, cultural, and economic values and risks-none is directly associated with ecological values, damages, or risks. In the context of technical risk assessments, the term "risk" considers not only the probability of an event, but also includes values and expected losses. However, within the fire community it refers only to the probability of ignition (both man- and lightning-caused). 'Hazard' refers to the state of the fuel, exclusive of weather or the environs in which the fuel is found. Unlike many common uses of the term,severity', fire severity refers specifically to the effect a fire has on wildland systems. It is inappropriate to use the term severity to describe the behavior of the fire phenomenon itself. Instead, we should confine its use to that relating only to a fire's effect. Finally, I discuss the limitations and conflicts to integrating all social, cultural, economic, health, and safety values in our public and policy-forming dialogue relating to fire risk, hazard, and severity. Typical risk assessments consider all relevant endpoints, including socio-economic, management, as well as ecological elements. Herein, 1 use the Black Mountain 2 Fire from August 2003 in the nor-them Rockies to illustrate the spatiotemporal extent of fire's impacts on the endpoints. When expressed over all affected spatiotemporal scales, the overlay of all endpoints from this synthetic scenario results in a "decision space" ranging in time from an hour to a century, and in space ranging from a few square meters to the continent. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Hardy, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM chardy01@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.029 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600008 ER PT J AU Agee, JK Skinner, CN AF Agee, JK Skinner, CN TI Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE fire ecology; fuel treatment; prescribed fire; thinning; western United States ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CROWN FIRE; USA; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; ALTERNATIVES; MANAGEMENT AB Successful fire exclusion in the 20th century has created severe fire problems across the West. Not every forest is at risk of uncharacteristically severe wildfire, but drier forests are in need of active management to mitigate fire hazard. We summarize a set of simple principles important to address in fuel reduction treatments: reduction of surface fuels, increasing the height to live crown, decreasing crown density, and retaining large trees of fire-resistant species. Thinning and prescribed fire can be useful tools to achieve these objectives. Low thinning will be more effective than crown or selection thinning, and management of surface fuels will increase the likelihood that the stand will survive a wildfire. Five empirical examples of such treatment are discussed: Hayfork fires, California, 1987; Tyee fire, Washington, 1994; Megram fire, California, 1999; Hayman fire, Colorado, 2002; and the Cone fire, California, 2002. Applying treatments at an appropriate landscape scale will be critical to the success of fuel reduction treatments in reducing wildfire losses in Western forests. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Agee, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jagee@u.washington.edu NR 59 TC 481 Z9 503 U1 25 U2 126 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.034 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600009 ER PT J AU Finney, MA AF Finney, MA TI The challenge of quantitative risk analysis for wildland fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE wildland fires; quantitative risk analysis; net value change ID FOREST-FIRES; CROWN FIRE; LONG-TERM; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; PERIMETER; INTENSITY; HISTORY; EVENTS AB Quantitative fire risk analysis depends on characterizing and combining fire behavior probabilities and effects. Fire behavior probabilities are different from fire occurrence statistics (historic numbers or probabilities of discovered ignitions) because they depend on spatial and temporal factors controlling fire growth. That is, the likelihood of fire burning a specific area is dependent on ignitions occurring off-site and the fuels, topography, weather, and relative fire direction allowing each fire to reach that location. Research is required to compare computational short-cuts that have been proposed for approximating these fire behavior distributions. Fire effects in a risk analysis must also be evaluated on a common scale for the variety of values susceptible to wildland fire. This means that appraisals of fire impacts to human infrastructure and ecological values must be measured by the same currency so that the risk assessment yields a single expectation of fire effects. Ultimately, this will help guide planning and investment into management activities that can alter either the probabilities of damaging fire or the susceptibility to those fire behaviors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. EM mfinney@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 147 Z9 153 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.010 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600010 ER PT J AU Sampson, RN Sampson, RW AF Sampson, RN Sampson, RW TI Application of hazard and risk analysis at the project level to assess ecologic impact SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE hazard; risk; wildfire; fuel treatment; project planning AB The application of hazard and risk analysis to specific project areas prone to uncharacteristic wildland fires is a useful way to estimate the effects of management alternatives (including no action). These project-level analyses need to be done in the context of surrounding landscape conditions. A landscape-level analysis is often at the catchment scale or larger, while project work is generally at a smaller scale, limited by practical considerations such as budget, land ownership patterns and public perception. This difference in scale requires an interpretative procedure to select an ecologically effective project alternative, and we propose a decision process involving several steps of hazard and risk analysis. The first step is to evaluate wildfire hazard and risk elements at the landscape level over longer time frames to provide insight into the factors dominating fire behavior and the most imperiled physical or ecologic domain such as vegetative succession, watershed values or human health and safety. Second, we suggest an additional spatial consideration to estimate the representative elemental scale (RES) of the fire process in the landscape. Consideration of the RES allows estimation of project-scale impacts to landscape-scale problems, while considering the hazard and risk assessment helps estimate longer-term project impacts, and possible cumulative impacts from multiple project activities. Third, we propose considerations and objective functions to be used in locating and sizing project areas, and applying treatment prescriptions to specific situations within the project area. The latter steps require fire history data and output from a fire behavior or vegetative succession computer model. We use data from the Southwest Oregon Demonstration Project [Roloff, G.J., Mealey, S.P, Clay, C., Barry, J., Yanish, K., Neuenschwander, L. A process for modeling short- and long-term risks in the Southern Oregon Cascades, submitted for publication.] to illustrate the methods proposed. Roloff et al. demonstrate a formal model incorporating these concepts. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Samson Grp Inc, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Sampson, RN (reprint author), Samson Grp Inc, 5209 York Rd, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. EM rneilsampson@cs.com NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.004 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600011 ER PT J AU Hessburg, PF Agee, JK Franklin, JF AF Hessburg, PF Agee, JK Franklin, JF TI Dry forests and wildland fires of the inland Northwest USA: Contrasting the landscape ecology of the pre-settlement and modem eras SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE Pinus ponderosa; Abies grandis; Abies concolor; Pseudostuga menziesii; landscape ecology; mixed conifer forests; fire ecology; fire history; European settlement; historical range of variability ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; NORTHERN ROCKIES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HISTORICAL RANGE; PATCH DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; WASHINGTON; VARIABILITY AB Prior to Euro-American settlement, dry ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests (hereafter, the "dry forests") of the Inland Northwest were burned by frequent low- or mixed-severity fires. These mostly surface fires maintained low and variable tree densities, light and patchy ground fuels, simplified forest structure, and favored fire-tolerant trees, such as ponderosa pine, and a low and patchy cover of associated fire-tolerant shrubs and herbs. Low- and mixed-severity fires provided other important feedbacks and effects to ponderosa pine-dominated stands and landscapes. For example, in stands, frequent surface fires favored an ongoing yet piecemeal regeneration of fire-tolerant trees by periodically exposing patches of mineral soil. They maintained fire-tolerant forest structures by elevating tree crown bases and scorching or consuming many seedlings, saplings, and pole-sized trees. They cycled nutrients from branches and foliage to the soil, where they could be used by other plants, and promoted the growth and development of low and patchy understory shrub and herb vegetation. Finally, surface fires reduced the long-term threat of running crown fires by reducing the fuel bed and metering out individual tree and group torching, and they reduced competition for site resources among surviving trees, shrubs, and herbs. In landscapes, the patterns of dry forest structure and composition that resulted from frequent fires reinforced the occurrence of low- or mixed-severity fires, because frequent burning spatially isolated conditions that supported high-severity fires. These spatial patterns reduced the likelihood of severe fire behavior and effects at each episode of fire. Rarely, dry forest landscapes were affected by more severe climate-driven events. Extant dry forests no longer appear or function as they once did. Large landscapes are homogeneous in their composition and structure, and the regional landscape is set up for severe, large fire and insect disturbance events. Among ecologists, there is also a high degree of concern about how future dry forests will develop, if fires continue to be large and severe. In this paper, we describe the key landscape pattern and process changes wrought by the sum of the settlement and management influences to date, and we point to an uncertain future for ecosystem management. Widespread selection cutting of the largest and oldest ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir in the 20th century has reduced much of the economic opportunity that might have been associated with restoration, and long-term investment will likely be needed, if large-scale restoration activities are attempted. An uncertain future for ecosystem management is based on the lack of current and improbable future social consensus concerning desired outcomes for public forestlands, the need for significant financial investment in ecosystem restoration, a lack of integrated planning and decision tools, and mismatches between the existing planning process, Congressional appropriations, and complex management and restoration problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM phessburg@fs.fed.us; jagee@u.washington.edu; jff@u.washington.edu NR 78 TC 169 Z9 178 U1 13 U2 112 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.016 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600012 ER PT J AU Lee, DC Irwin, LL AF Lee, DC Irwin, LL TI Assessing risks to spotted owls from forest thinning in fire-adapted forests of the western United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE spotted owl; Strix occidentalis; wildland fire; canopy cover; forest thinning; risk assessment ID LAND MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHY; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; CASCADES AB Concern for viable spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) populations has played prominently in the management of western forests in the United States. Historically, much of the debate has focused on the impacts of commercial timber harvest. Increasingly, the conflict is shifting to the habitat needs of owls versus the need for active management of fire-adapted forest ecosystems to reduce the occurrence of uncharacteristic wildland fire that threatens multiple resource values. While some authors have called for active fuels management within the range of spotted owls, concerns remain over potential effects of less intensive, but more extensive, fuel reduction activities (i.e., thinning and prescribed burning). Reconciling fire and fuels management with owl conservation requires rigorous analysis of both the short- and long-terms risks of action versus no action. We use published literature and data from the southern Sierra Nevada to examine the potential effects of landscape-level reductions in canopy cover (CC) on owl occupancy and reproduction. Using a combination of population data, canopy cover measurements, and forest simulation models, we show that modest fuels treatments in the Sierra Nevada would not be expected to reduce canopy cover sufficiently to have measurable effects on owl reproduction. Sixty-year simulations predict that mechanical thinning or mechanical thinning plus fuel-break construction treatments in combination with either no fire or mixed-lethal fire scenarios will not degrade canopy conditions in productive owl territories, nor impede improvement of non-productive territories. In contrast, lethal fire simulations produced a pronounced and lasting negative effect. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that habitat needs for owl reproduction can be incorporated in developing effective fire and fuels management strategies that lessen the chances of uncharacteristic wildfire. Projections of future population trends are tempered by the knowledge that non-habitat factors such as variations in weather profoundly affect population dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Natl Council Stream & Air Improvement, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. RP Lee, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM dclee@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.001 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600016 ER PT J AU Barbour, RJ Hemstrom, M Ager, A Hayes, JL AF Barbour, RJ Hemstrom, M Ager, A Hayes, JL TI Effects of spatial scale on the perception and assessment of risk of natural disturbance in forested ecosystems: Examples from Northeastern Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire CY NOV, 2003 CL Portland, OR DE landscape analysis; risk; forest management; wildlife; wildfire; wood products ID EASTERN OREGON; BARK BEETLES; WASHINGTON AB The perception and measurement of the risk of natural disturbances often varies depending on the spatial and temporal scales over which information is collected or analyzed. This can lead to conflicting conclusions about severity of current or past disturbances or the risk of future ones. Failure to look across scales also complicates local implementation of policies developed from broad-scale perceptions of risk because perception of risk is relative and depends on context. Methods that help policymakers, managers, and the public look across spatial and temporal scales can improve their understanding of the long-term dynamics of disturbances like wildfire and insect outbreaks. This capability provides a foundation for prioritizing restoration management activities, especially in forest types prone to frequent or severe disturbances. Although techniques for estimating risk over increasingly large spatial scales are becoming more widespread, the connection of risk assessments from broad to fine scales is not well established. We use a synthesis of five existing analyses to illustrate how scale affects the perception and interpretation of risk as information, models, and findings are stepped down from broad scale (interior Columbia basin) to mid scale (parts of a river basins) to fine scale (watersheds). We present results from the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP) and the Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS) efforts that compare wildfire risk and other resource attributes. Our findings compare action and no-action alternatives to illustrate the use of multiple-scale "step-down" analysis for understanding the relation of broad-scale policy to the feasibility and impact of local management. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Serv Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Umatilla Natl Forest, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Serv Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM jbarbour01@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 211 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 210 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.034 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SL UT WOS:000229875600017 ER PT J AU McIntire, TM Lew, EJL Adalsteins, AE Blechl, A Anderson, OD Brant, DA Kasarda, DD AF McIntire, TM Lew, EJL Adalsteins, AE Blechl, A Anderson, OD Brant, DA Kasarda, DD TI Atomic force microscopy of a hybrid high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit from a transgenic hexaploid wheat SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit structure; gluten proteins; transgenic wheat ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; HMW SUBUNITS; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; CONFORMATION; ELASTICITY; GLIADINS; REVEALS; QUALITY; ALPHA AB The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of wheat gluten in their native form are incorporated into an intermolecularly disulfide-linked, polymeric system that gives rise to the elasticity of wheat flour doughs. These protein subunits range in molecular weight from about 70K-90K and are made up of small N-terminal and C-terminal domains and a large central domain that consists of repeating sequences rich in glutamine, praline, and glycine. The cysteines involved in forming intra-and intermolecular disulfide bonds are found in, or close to, the N- and C-terminal domains. A model has been proposed in which the repeating sequence domain of the HMW-GS forms a rod-like β-spiral with length near 50 nm and diameter near 2 nm. We have sought to examine this model by using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NCAFM) to image a hybrid HMW-GS in which the N-terminal domain of subunit Dy10 has replaced the N-terminal domain of subunit Dx5. This hybrid subunit, coded by a transgene overexpressed in transgenic wheat, has the unusual characteristic of forming, in vivo, not only polymeric forms, but also a monomer in which a single disulfide bond links the C-terminal domain to the N-terminal domain, replacing the two intermolecular disulfide bonds normally formed by the corresponding cysteine side chains. No such monomeric subunits have been observed in normal wheat lines, only polymeric forms. NCAFM of the native, unreduced 93K monomer showed fibrils of varying lengths but a length of about 110 nm was particularly noticeable whereas the reduced form showed rod-like structures with a length of about 300 nm or greater. The 110 nm fibrils may represent the length of the disulfide-linked monomer, in which case they would not be in accord with the β-spiral model, but would favor a more extended conformation for the polypeptide chain, possibly polyproline II. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kasarda, DD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kasarda@pw.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33062] NR 30 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JUN 5 PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/bip.20252 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 925XH UT WOS:000229086300001 PM 15706633 ER PT J AU Bowman, SA AF Bowman, SA TI Pediatrician's office: A solution in the prevention of childhood obesity SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE childhood obesity; mother's perception; pediatricians; nutrition intervention; obesity prevention ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILDREN; PARENTS; FOOD; BMI; ADOLESCENTS; PREFERENCES; ADIPOSITY; GROWTH; DIET AB A mother's ability to correctly perceive her child's weight status and her concern toward the overweight status of her child are important in the prevention of childhood obesity. Mothers should have adequate nutrition knowledge that enables them to plan and provide nutritious meals to their children. Conclusion: Pediatricians may play a role in childhood obesity prevention interventions by helping mothers understand growth charts and by providing mothers with appropriate nutrition guidance for planning a balanced diet. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowman, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sbowman@rbhnrc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 94 IS 6 BP 652 EP 654 DI 10.1080/0803525051003050 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 936DY UT WOS:000229836900002 PM 16188763 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Knickman, E Greene, CE AF Dubey, JP Knickman, E Greene, CE TI Neonatal Neospora caninum infections in dogs SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; megaesophagus; diagnosis; treatment ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS AB Neosporosis was diagnosed ante-mortem in a litter of neonatally-infected dogs. Three pups developed weakness of limbs 7-9 weeks after birth. One of the dogs developed megaesophagus. Treatment with clindamycin improved clinical signs but did not eradicate the parasite. All 3 dogs were euthanized and viable N. caninum was isolated from the brains of all 3 dogs. Tissue cysts were found in the brain and muscles of dogs. The dam was bred again. Seven apparently healthy pups were born in the second litter. Six. of the 7 pups from the second litter had no demonstrable N. caninum antibodies at 32 day of age. The seventh pup had high (1 :1280) titer in the Neospora agglutination test and the titer remained stable at day 227 when the study was discontinued. The results suggest that the rate of congenital transmission of N. caninum decreased in the subsequent pregnancy. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Madonna Vet Clin, White Hall, MD 21161 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1230-2821 EI 1896-1851 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 940XR UT WOS:000230179700013 ER PT J AU Urso, ML Singh, MAF Ding, WJ Evans, WJ Cosmas, AC Manfredi, TG AF Urso, Maria L. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Ding, Wenjing Evans, William J. Cosmas, Arthur C. Manfredi, Thomas G. TI Exercise training effects on skeletal muscle plasticity and IGF-1 receptors in frail elders SO AGE LA English DT Article DE aging; exercise; IGF-1 receptors; skeletal muscle ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; OLDER MEN; TRANSGENIC MICE; MESSENGER-RNA; INSULIN; EXPRESSION; REGENERATION; HORMONE; AGE; HYPERTROPHY AB Age-related sarcopenia inhibits mobility, increasing the risk for developing many diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, and heart disease. Tissue plasticity, or the ability to regenerate following stress, has been a subject of question in aging humans. We assessed the impact of 10-weeks of resistance training on markers of skeletal muscle plasticity and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor density in a sub sample of subjects who, in an earlier study, demonstrated enhanced immunohistochemical labeling of IGF following resistance training. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of five elderly men and women were taken prior to and following 10 weeks of resistance training (N = 3) or a control period ( N = 2). Immunogold labeling and quantitative electron microscopy techniques were used to analyze markers of IGF-1 receptor density and tissue plasticity. The experimental subjects showed a 161 +/- 93.7% increase in Z band damage following resistance training. Myofibrillar central nuclei increased 296 +/- 120% ( P = 0.029) in the experimental subjects. Changes in the percent of damaged Z bands were associated with alterations in the presence of central nuclei (r = 0.668; P = 0.0347). Post hoc analysis revealed that the relative pre/post percent changes in myofibrillar Z band damage and central nuclei were not statistically different between the control and exercise groups. Exercise training increased myofibrillar IGF-1 receptor densities in the exercise subjects ( P = 0.008), with a non-significant increase in the control group. Labeling patterns suggested enhanced receptor density around the Z bands, sarcolemma, and mitochondrial and nuclear membranes. Findings from this study suggest that the age-related downregulation of the skeletal muscle IGF-1 system may be reversed to some extent with progressive resistance training. Furthermore, skeletal muscle tissue plasticity in the frail elderly is maintained at least to some extent as exemplified by the enhancement of IGF-1 receptor density and markers of tissue regeneration. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Energy Metab Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Exercise Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Donald W Reyolds Dept Geriat & Geriat Res Educ, Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Clin, Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Manfredi, TG (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Energy Metab Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM Manfredi@uri.edu OI Urso, Maria/0000-0001-8906-4673 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD JUN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s11357-005-1629-7 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 121PJ UT WOS:000243169200003 PM 23598617 ER PT J AU Saam, H Powell, JM Jackson-Smith, DB Bland, WL Posner, JL AF Saam, H Powell, JM Jackson-Smith, DB Bland, WL Posner, JL TI Use of animal density to estimate manure nutrient recycling ability of Wisconsin dairy farms SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE animal density; dairy manure; manure management; nutrient recycling; policy AB Animal density is increasingly being used as an indicator of agricultural nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss potential in Europe and the US. This study estimated animal-cropland ratios for over 800 Wisconsin dairy farms to: (1) illustrate the impact of alternative definitions of this ratio; (2) evaluate how the definition of 'cropland' would affect Wisconsin dairy farmers' ability to comply to manure N and P land spreading standards and (3) investigate the potential of using an animal density standard for targeting manure management plan implementation on Wisconsin dairy farms. Animal density calculations based on total cropland area indicate that 95% of Wisconsin dairy farmers have sufficient cropland for recycling manure according to a N-based nutrient management standard. Calculating animal density based on tilled cropland area decreases this value to 79% of dairy farms. Implementation of a P-based standard increases the land requirement for manure application, and a large proportion of Wisconsin dairy farms (37% based on total cropland and 75% based on tilled cropland) would lack sufficient land area for recycling manure P. When the area of cropland on which manure is actually spread is used to calculate animal density, it is clear that the majority of farms do not currently meet either manure N- or P-based land application standards. Reasons for not utilizing the full cropland base for manure application are unclear, but regional differences suggest soil texture, land tenure, and development pressures may limit the proportion of cropland receiving manure. These results indicate the need to better understand factors influencing cropland management and manure spreading behavior on Wisconsin dairy farms. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Saam, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 263 Soils Bldg,1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hmsaam@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.06.020 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 929KG UT WOS:000229344400005 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Tucker, KL Wolk, A AF Newby, PK Tucker, KL Wolk, A TI Risk of overweight and obesity among semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; BMI; vegetarian; lactovegetarian; vegan ID BODY-MASS INDEX; VEGETARIAN DIET; ENERGY-INTAKE; EPIC-OXFORD; MEAT-EATERS; FISH-EATERS; WEIGHT; HEALTH; PATTERNS; ADULTS AB Background: Observational studies suggest that a plant-based diet is inversely related to body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. Objective: Our objective was to examine the BMI (kg/m(2)) and risk of overweight and obesity of self-defined semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women. Design: Data analyzed in this cross-sectional study were from 55 459 healthy women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Women were asked whether they considered themselves to be omnivores (n = 54 257), sernivegetarians (n = 960), lactovegetarians (n = 159), or vegans (n = 83), and this question was the main exposure variable in this study. In secondary analyses, we reclassified women as lactovegetarians on the basis of food intakes reported on the food-frequency questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight or obesity (BMI ! 25) was 40% among omnivores, 29% among both sernivegetarians and vegans, and 25% among lactovegetarians. In multivariate, adjusted logistic regression analyses, self-identified vegans had a significantly lower risk of overweight orobesity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.69] than did omnivores, as did lactovegetarians (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.35,0.85) and sernivegetarians (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.62). Risk of overweight or obesity remained significantly lower among lactovegetarians classified on the basis of the food-frequency questionnaire (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78). Conclusions: Even if vegetarians consume some animal products, our results suggest that self-identified semivegetarian, lacrovegetarian, and vegan women have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than do omnivorous women. The advice to consume more plant foods and less animal products may help individuals control their weight. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1274 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 934LH UT WOS:000229709800004 PM 15941875 ER PT J AU Sekhar, RV Jahoor, F Pownall, HJ Rehman, K Gaubatz, J Iyer, D Balasubramanyam, A AF Sekhar, RV Jahoor, F Pownall, HJ Rehman, K Gaubatz, J Iyer, D Balasubramanyam, A TI Severely dysregulated disposal of postprandial triacylglycerols exacerbates hypertriacylglycerolemia in HIV lipodystrophy syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein lipase; lipolysis; fat oxidation; cholesteryl ester ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPASE; METABOLISM; MEN; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; BINDING AB Background: The pathogenesis of hypertriacylglycerolemia, a characteristic feature of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS), is incompletely understood. One mechanism is accelerated lipolysis in the fasted state, but the severity of the hypertriacylglycerolemia suggests that additional underlying abnormalities may exist in the disposal of dietary fat. Objective: Our objective was to investigate abnormalities in dietary fat disposal in the pathogenesis of hypertriacylglycerolemia in HLS. Design: We studied 6 nondiabetic men with HLS and 6 men without HIV matched for age and body mass index as control subjects for 8 h after consumption of an isocaloric meal containing 2 g labeled [C-13(3)]tripalmitin. Chylomicron-triacylglycerol disposal was estimated from labeled [C-13(1)]palmitate in the plasma chylomicron fraction, and [C-13(1)]palmitate oxidation was estimated from the (CO2)-C-13 enrichment in the breath and CO2 production, over 8 h after the meal. Results: HLS patients had significantly elevated concentrations of fasting plasma triacylglycerols in both chylomicron ((x) over bar + SE: 100.3 +/- 49.5 compared with 29.2 +/- 2.2 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and VLDL (82.4 +/- 39.0 compared with 10.8 +/- 2.8 mg/dL; P < 0.01) fractions. Chylomicron-triacylglycerol-derived [C-13(1)]palmitate disposal was markedly lower in the HLS patients (3.09 +/- 0.41 compared with 6.42 +/- 0.18 mmol [C-13(1)]palmitate/8 h; P < 0.001) in the 8-h postmeal period. Further, HLS patients had lowered storage of chylomicron-triacylglycerols (0.74 +/- 0.38 compared with 5.05 +/- 0.16 mmol; P < 0.0001) and elevated plasma [C-13(1)]palmitate concentrations (2.01 +/- 0.27 compared with 1.18 +/- 0.16 mmol; P < 0.05) 8 h after the meal. Conclusions: Patients with HLS have key defects that markedly impair postprandial disposal and storage of chylomicron-triacylglycerols. These defects contribute significantly to hypertria-cylglycerolernia in HLS. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Translat Metab Unit, Sect Atherosclerosis,Dept Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Endocrine Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Balasubramanyam, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Translat Metab Unit, Sect Atherosclerosis,Dept Med,Dept Pediat, Room 700B,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ashokb@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-0188]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL73696]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK59537] NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1410 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 934LH UT WOS:000229709800023 PM 15941894 ER PT J AU Chin, CJ Morris, MS Rogers, G Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Tung, W Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Chin, CJ Morris, MS Rogers, G Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Tung, W Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Carbohydrate intake and glycemic index in relation to the odds of early cortical and nuclear lens opacities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol DE cataract; lens; nutrition; carbohydrate; glycemic index; glycation; aging; stress; epidemiology; humans; risk factor ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM-III; AGE-RELATED CATARACT; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SENILE CATARACT; NUTRIENT INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; GLUCOSE; EYE; PREVALENCE AB Background: Animal studies suggest a role for dietary carbohydrate in cataractogenesis. However, few published human studies have evaluated associations between carbohydrate nutrition and lens opacification. Objective: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that long-term carbohydrate intake and dietary glycemic index are associated with the odds of early cortical and nuclear opacities. Design: Subjects were 417 Boston-area members of the Nurses' Health Study cohort aged 53-73 y. Dietary information was based on an average from 5 semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires collected over a 14-y period. Opacities were assessed by using the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS 111). We used eyes (n = 711) as the unit of analysis and generated odds ratios by using a generalized estimating approach to logistic regression to account for the lack of independence between the 2 eyes of each subject. Results: After multivariate adjustment, the odds of cortical opacities (LOCS III >= 1.0) among women in the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake (>= 200 g/d) was 2.46 times (95% CI: 1.30,4.64; P for trend = 0.005) that among women in the lowest tertile (< 185 g/d). This association was not affected by adjustment for dietary glycemic index, which was not associated with early cortical opacities. Carbohydrate nutrition was not associated with the odds of nuclear opacities (LOCS 111 >= 2.5). Conclusions: These data suggest that carbohydrate quantity, but not carbohydrate quality, is associated with early cortical opacities, and that neither the quantity nor the quality of dietary carbohydrate affects the risk of nuclear opacities in middle-aged women. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1411 EP 1416 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 934LH UT WOS:000229709800024 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Thacher, TD Fischer, PR Graff, M Stadler, DD Pam, SD Pettifor, JM AF Abrams, SA Thacher, TD Fischer, PR Graff, M Stadler, DD Pam, SD Pettifor, JM TI Measuring calcium absorption - Reply to RP Heaney SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID LOW DIETARY CALCIUM C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Jos Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jos, Nigeria. Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Emory Univ, Div Foods & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Clin Nutr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Jos, Dept Paediat, Jos, Nigeria. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat, MRC, Mineral Metab Res Unit, ZA-2013 PO Bertsham, South Africa. Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, ZA-2013 PO Bertsham, South Africa. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fischer.phil@mayo.edu RI Thacher, Tom/B-3356-2009; Pettifor, John/D-5943-2012; OI Pettifor, John/0000-0003-1155-0334; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1452 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 934LH UT WOS:000229709800033 ER PT J AU Gao, X Wilde, PE Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Wilde, PE Tucker, KL TI Meeting recommended adequate intake (AI) of calcium from food alone for children aged 9-18 y who do not drink milk (1999-2000 NHANES): An analysis by linear programming. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100417 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZX Wang, LP Song, ZY Saari, JT McClain, CJ Kang, YJ AF Zhou, ZX Wang, LP Song, ZY Saari, JT McClain, CJ Kang, YJ TI Zinc supplementation prevents alcoholic liver injury in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CYTOCHROME-P450 2E1; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ETHANOL-METABOLISM; RAT-LIVER; PROTEIN OXIDATION; FISH-OIL; DISEASE; METALLOTHIONEIN; GLUTATHIONE AB Alcoholic liver disease is associated with zinc decrease in the liver. Therefore, we examined whether dietary zinc supplementation could provide protection from alcoholic liver injury. Metallothionein-knockout and wild-type 129/Sv mice were pair-fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 12 weeks, and the effects of zinc supplementation on ethanol-induced liver injury were analyzed. Zinc supplementation attenuated ethanol-induced hepatic zinc depletion and liver injury as measured by histopathological and ultrastructural. changes, serum alanine transferase activity, and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-a in both metallothionein-knockout and wild-type mice, indicating a metaflothionein-independent zinc protection. Zinc supplementation inhibited accumulation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by dihydroethidium fluorescence, and the consequent oxidative damage, as assessed by immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine and quantitative analysis of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the liver. Zinc supplementation suppressed ethanol-elevated cytochrome P450 2E1 activity but increased the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver, without affecting the rate of blood ethanol elimination. Zinc supplementation also prevented ethanol-induced decreases in glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity and increased glutathione reductase activity in the liver. in conclusion, zinc supplementation prevents alcoholic liver injury in an metallothionein-independent manner by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (P450 2EI) and enhancing the activity of antioxidant pathways. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Zhou, ZX (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 511 S Floyd St,MDR 529, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM z0zhou01@louisville.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL63760, R01 HL059225, R01 HL063760, HL59225]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA010762, AA10496, R21 AA013601, R37 AA010762, R01 AA010762, R01 AA010496, AA13601] NR 50 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 166 IS 6 BP 1681 EP 1690 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62478-9 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 930AC UT WOS:000229387100011 PM 15920153 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Straus, DC Ayers, JR AF Purdy, CW Straus, DC Ayers, JR TI Effects of aerosolized class C fly ash in weanling goats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; DUST; INDUCTION; DISEASE; METALS; COWS AB Objective-To determine effects of repeated aerosol exposures to fly ash dust on respiratory tracts of tent-confined goats. Animals-12 weaning Boer-Spanish crossbred goats. Procedure-Goats were randomly assigned to 2 groups: fly ash treatment group (principal goats, n = 6) or control group (control goats, 6). Aerosolized fly ash dust was provided during a 4-hour period for each of 6 applications given over 3 months and one 2-hour application prior to necropsy. Fly ash particle diameters ranged from 0.1 to 130 pm and averaged 178 mu m, with 1.5 % of fly ash particles in the 0.1- to 5-mu m-diameter range. A mean +/- SD of 748 +/- 152 g/treatment was delivered inside a tent containing principal goats; control goats were placed inside a similar tent for 4-hour treatments without dust. Following treatment, rectal temperatures were taken at 0, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 72 hours; Hcts were recorded at 0, 24, and 72 hours. Results-Rectal temperatures were significantly increased at 4, 6, and 8 hours and decreased at 72 hours, compared with 0 hours. Mean +/- SEM Hct values were significantly increased for principal goats (3747 +/- 0.39 %), compared with control goats (36.17 +/- 0.42 %). A significant increase in the mean area of gross atelectatic lung lesions (1,410 mm(2)) was found in principal goats (n = 6), compared with control goats (440 mm(2); 5). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-An increase in atelectatic lung lesions was observed in principal goats, compared with control goats; however, overall, fly ash dust effects were nontoxic. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 66 IS 6 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.991 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 930GV UT WOS:000229404800011 PM 16008221 ER PT J AU Russell, JB AF Russell, JB TI Enrichment of fusobacteria from the rumen that can utilize lysine as an energy source for growth SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE rumen; lysine; deamination; ammonia; Fusobacterium necrophorum ID SENSITIVE RUMINAL PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; ACID-FERMENTING BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; APPARENT DEGRADATION; DAIRY-COWS; MONENSIN; AMMONIA; TRANSPORT; NECROPHORUM; DEAMINATION AB Ruminal lysine degradation is a wasteful process that deprives the animal of an essential amino acid. Mixed ruminal bacteria did not deaminate lysine (50 mM) at a rapid rate, but lysine degrading bacteria could be enriched if Trypticase (5 mg/mL) was also added. Lysine degrading isolates produced acetate, butyrate and ammonia, were non-motile, stained Gram-negative and could also utilize lactate, glucose, maltose or galactose as an energy source for growth. Lactate was converted to acetate and propionate, and 16S rDNA indicated that their closest relatives were Fusobacterium necrophorum. Growing cultures produced ammonia at rates as high as 2400 nmol/mg protein/mL/min. Washed cell suspensions took up C-14 lysine (3 mu M) at an initial rate of 6 nmol/mg protein/min, and glucose addition did not affect the transport. Cells washed aerobically had the same transport rate as those handled anaerobically, but only if the transport buffer contained sodium. The affinity constant for sodium was 8 mM, and sodium could not be replaced by lithium. Cells treated with the sodium/proton antiporter, monensin (5 mu M), did not take up lysine, but a protonophore that inhibited growth (tetrachlorosalicylanilide, 10 mu M) had no effect. An artificial membrane potential created by potassium diffusion did not increase the rate of lysine transport, and an Eadie-Hofstee plot indicated the transport rate was directly proportional to the lysine concentration. Decreasing the pH from 6.7 to 5.5 caused an 85% decrease in the rate of lysine transport. The addition of F necrophorum JB2 (130 mu g protein/mL) to mixed ruminal bacteria increased lysine degradation 10-fold, but only if the pH was 6.7 and monensin was not present. Further work will be needed to see if dietary lysine enriches fusobacteria in vivo. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, 157A Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.01.001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 919AY UT WOS:000228591900006 PM 16701548 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Laiakis, EC Fernandes, VM Williams, JL Capuco, AV AF Connor, EE Laiakis, EC Fernandes, VM Williams, JL Capuco, AV TI Molecular cloning, expression and radiation hybrid mapping of the bovine deiodinase type II (DIO2) and deiodinase type III (DIO3) genes SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE deiodinase; gene expression; gene mapping; thyroid hormone metabolism ID IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE AB Thyroid hormones play a critical role in mammalian development and metabolism. Their activity is regulated in a complex, tissue-specific manner by three isoforms of deiodinases. The goal of this study was to sequence the full-length bovine type II deiodinase (DIO2) and type III deiodinase (DIO3) cDNAs and characterize mRNA expression levels of each of the three deiodinase isoforms in several bovine tissues. Sequencing of bovine DIO2 and DIO3 cDNAs revealed a high degree of predicted amino acid sequence identity with their orthologs in other mammalian species and demonstrated the conservation of selenocysteine residues within the catalytic domains of both bovine proteins. Bovine DIO2 and DIO3 were positioned on chromosomes 10 and 21, respectively, by radiation hybrid mapping. Expression patterns of the three deiodinase isoforms were similar for deiodinase type I (DIO1) and DIO2 to those observed in other species. Expression level of DIO3 transcripts was greatest in mammary gland and kidney, although low-level expression was detected in most tissues sampled. Results of this work will aid in the study of deiodinase gene expression and thyroid hormone regulation in cattle. C1 ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Roslin Inst Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM econnor@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 12 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01282.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 929TG UT WOS:000229368700011 PM 15932406 ER PT J AU Cepica, S Masopust, M Knoll, A Rohrer, GA AF Cepica, S Masopust, M Knoll, A Rohrer, GA TI Linkage and RH mapping of the porcine adiponectin gene on chromosome 13 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PIGS C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Dept Vertebrate Evolutionary Biol & Genet, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Anim Morphol Physiol & Genet, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Dept Vertebrate Evolutionary Biol & Genet, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic. EM cepica@iapg.cas.cz RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 276 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01293.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 929TG UT WOS:000229368700028 PM 15932423 ER PT J AU Leeb, T Brenig, B Rohrer, GA AF Leeb, T Brenig, B Rohrer, GA TI Characterization and linkage mapping of four gene-associated porcine microsatellites SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOME; MAP; SSC C1 Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Leeb, T (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, Bunteweg 17p, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. EM tosso.leeb@tiho-hannover.de RI Leeb, Tosso/G-3187-2014 OI Leeb, Tosso/0000-0003-0553-4880 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 279 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01291.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 929TG UT WOS:000229368700030 PM 15932425 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Proposed criteria for assessing the efficacy of cancer reduction by plant foods enriched in carotenoids, glucosinolates, polyphenols and selenocompounds SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE human health; cancer; vegetable; carotenoids; glucosinolates; polyphenol; selenium; bioactive compound; functional food ID GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; HIGH-SELENIUM BROCCOLI; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; DIETARY BETA-CAROTENE; FINISHING BEEF STEERS; PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; PROSTATE-CANCER; IN-VITRO AB Background and Aims The cancer-protective properties of vegetable consumption are most likely mediated through 'bioactive compounds' that induce a variety of physiologic functions including acting as direct or indirect antioxidants, regulating enzymes and controlling apoptosis and the cell cycle. The 'functional food' industry has produced and marketed foods enriched with bioactive compounds, but there are no universally accepted criteria for judging efficacy of the compounds or enriched foods. Scope Carotenoids, glucosinolates, polyphenols and selenocompounds are families of bioactive compounds common to vegetables. Although numerous studies have investigated the agricultural and human health implications of enriching foods with one or more of these compounds, inadequate chemical identification of compounds, lack of relevant endpoints and inconsistencies in mechanistic hypotheses and experimental methodologies leave many critical gaps in our understanding of the benefits of such compounds. This review proposes a decision-making process for determining whether there is reasonable evidence of efficacy for the both the compound and the enriched food. These criteria have been used to judge the evidence of efficacy for cancer prevention by carotenoids, polyphenols, glucosinolates and selenocompounds. Conclusions The evidence of efficacy is weak for carotenoids and polyphenols; the evidence is stronger for glucosinolates and lycopene, but production of enriched foods still is premature. Additionally there is unacceptable variability in the amount and chemical form of these compounds in plants. The evidence of efficacy for selenocompounds is strong, but the clinical study that is potentially the most convincing is still in progress; also the variability in amount and chemical form of Se in plants is a problem. These gaps in understanding bioactive compounds and their health benefits should not serve to reduce research interest but should, instead, encourage plant and nutritional scientists to work together to develop strategies for improvement of health through food. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 265 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1075 EP 1096 DI 10.1093/aob/mci123 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 932VV UT WOS:000229583500002 PM 15784686 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Muraoka, WT Trampel, DW Hurd, HS AF Wesley, IV Muraoka, WT Trampel, DW Hurd, HS TI Effect of preslaughter events on prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in market-weight turkeys SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INCREMENTAL FEED WITHDRAWAL; AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; MICROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES; POULTRY CARCASSES; PROCESSING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; SPP.; CONTAMINATION AB The effects of events which occur prior to slaughter, such as loading, transport, and holding at an abattoir, on the prevalence of Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, were examined. Cloacal swabs from market-weight turkeys in each of five flocks were obtained on a farm prior to loading (time 1; 120 swabs per flock) and after transport and holding at the abattoir (time 2; 120 swabs per flock). A statistically significant increase in the overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was observed for cloacal swabs obtained from farm 3 following transport (P < 0.01). At time 2, an increase in the prevalence of C. coli was also noted for cloacal swabs from farms 3, 4, and 5 (P < 0.01). Neither the minimum time off of feed nor the distance transported from the farm to the abattoir was correlated with the increase in C. coli prevalence. Similarly, responses to an on-farm management questionnaire failed to detect any factors contributing to the observed changes in Campylobacter sp. prevalence. A SmaI macrorestriction analysis of Campylobacter sp. isolates recovered from flock 5 indicated that C. coli was more diverse than C. jejuni at both time 1 and time 2 (P < 0.01), based on a comparison of the Shannon indices of diversity and evenness. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM iwesley@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Muraoka, Wayne/A-2830-2009 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2824 EP 2831 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.2824-2831.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900003 PM 15932973 ER PT J AU Wiens, GD Owen, J AF Wiens, GD Owen, J TI Mapping of neutralizing epitopes on Renibacterium salmoninarum p57 by use of transposon mutagenesis and synthetic peptides SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SALMO-SALAR L; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN; ATLANTIC SALMON; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SURFACE PROTEIN; CELL-SURFACE AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is a gram-positive bacterium that causes bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish. The virulence mechanisms of R. salmoninarum are not well understood. Production of a 57-kDa protein (p57) has been associated with isolate virulence and is a diagnostic marker for R. salmoninarum infection. Biological activities of p57 include binding to eukaryotic cells and immunosuppression. We previously isolated three monoclonal antibodies (4D3, 4C11, and 4118) that neutralize p57 activity. These monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) bind to the amino-terminal region of p57 between amino acids 32 though 243; however, the precise locations of the neutralizing epitopes were not determined. Here, we use transposon mutagenesis to map the 4D3, 4C11, and 4118 epitopes. Forty-five transposon mutants were generated and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The ability of MAbs 4D3, 4118, and 4C11 to bind each mutant protein was assessed by immunoblotting. Transposons inserting between amino acids 51 and 112 disrupted the 4118 epitope. Insertions between residues 78 and 210 disrupted the 401 epitope, while insertions between amino acids 158 and 234 disrupted the 4D3 epitope. The three MAbs failed to bind overlapping, 15-mer peptides spanning these regions, suggesting that the epitopes are discontinuous in conformation. We conclude that recognition of secondary structure on the amino terminus of p57 is important for neutralization. The epitope mapping studies suggest directions for improvement of MAb-based immunoassays for detection of R. salmoninarum-infected fish. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Wiens, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM gwiens@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2894 EP 2901 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.2884-2901.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900013 PM 15932983 ER PT J AU Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP AF Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Gerba, CP TI Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; OZONE INACTIVATION; PHOSPHATE BUFFER; SWIMMING POOL; OUTBREAK; DISINFECTION; POLIOVIRUS AB Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) inactivation experiments were conducted with adenovirus type 40 (AD40) and feline calicivirus (FCV). Experiments were carried out in buffered, disinfectant demand-free water under high- and low-pH and -temperature conditions. Ct values (the concentration of ClO2 multiplied by contact time with the virus) were calculated directly from bench-scale experiments and from application of the efficiency factor Hom (EFH) model. AD40 Ct ranges for 4-log inactivation (Ct(99.99%)) at 5 degrees C were > 0.77 to < 1.53 mg/liter x min and > 0.80 to < 1.59 mg/liter x min for pH 6 and 8, respectively. For 15 degrees C AD40 experiments, > 0.49 to < 0.74 mg/liter x min and < 0.12 mg/liter x min Ct(99.99%) ranges were observed for pH 6 and 8, respectively. FCV Ct(99.99%) ranges for 5 degrees C experiments were > 20.20 to < 30.30 mg/liter x min and > 0.68 mg/liter x min for pH 6 and 8, respectively. For 15 degrees C FCV experiments, Ct(99.99%) ranges were > 4.20 to < 06.72 and < 0.18 mg/liter x min for pH 6 and 8, respectively. Viral inactivation was higher at pH 8 than at pH 6 and at 15 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. Comparison of Ct values and inactivation curves demonstrated that the EFH model described bench-scale experiment data very well. Observed bench-scale Ct(99.99%) ranges and EFH model Ct(99.99%) values demonstrated that FCV is more resistant to ClO2 than AD40 for the conditions studied. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance manual Ct(99.99%) values are higher than Ct(99.99%) values calculated from bench-scale experiments and from EFH model application. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Environm Sci Engn & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Lovettsville, VA 20180 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Thurston-Enriquez, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 138 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jthurston2@unl.edu RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 3100 EP 3105 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3100-3105.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900037 PM 15933007 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL AF Finkenstadt, VL TI Natural polysaccharides as electroactive polymers SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CONDUCTING POLYMER; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; STARCH; COMPOSITES; CORROSION; ALUMINUM; COATINGS; DERIVATIVES AB Electroactive polymers (EAPs), a new class of materials, have the potential to be used for applications like biosensors, environmentally sensitive membranes, artificial muscles, actuators, corrosion protection, electronic shielding, visual displays, solar materials, and components in high-energy batteries. The commercialization of synthetic EAPs, however, has so far been severely limited. Biological polymers offer a degree of functionality not available in most synthetic EAPs. Carbohydrate polymers are produced with great frequency in nature. Starch, cellulose, and chitin are some of the most abundant natural polymers on earth. Biopolymers are a renewable resource and have a wide range of uses in nature, functioning as energy storage, transport, signaling, and structural components. In general, electroactive materials with polysaccharide matrices reach conductance levels comparable with synthetic ion-conducting EAPs. This review gives a brief history of EAPs, including terminology, describes evaluation methods, and reports on the current progress of incorporating polysaccharides as matrices for doped, blended, and grafted electroactive materials. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Finkenstadt, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 735 EP 745 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-1931-4 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 937PZ UT WOS:000229939300003 PM 15724215 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Campbell, BC Yu, JJ Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Kim, JH Campbell, BC Yu, JJ Mahoney, N Chan, KL Molyneux, RJ Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Examination of fungal stress response genes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system: targeting genes affecting aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus Link SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; YEAST; CONTAMINATION; PARASITICUS; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; DELETION; WALNUT; GENOME AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae served as a model fungal system to examine functional genomics of oxidative stress responses and reactions to test antioxidant compounds. Twenty-two strains of S. cerevisiae, including a broad spectrum of singular gene deletion mutants, were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to examine phenotypic response to oxidative stress. Responses of particular mutants treated with gallic, tannic or caffeic acids, or methyl gallate, during H2O2 exposure, indicated that these compounds alleviated oxidative stress. These compounds are also potent inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus. To gain further insights into a potential link between oxidative stress and aflatoxin biosynthesis, 43 orthologs of S. cerevisiae genes involved in gene regulation, signal transduction ( e. g., SHO1, HOG1, etc.) and antioxidation ( e. g., CTT1, CTA1, etc.) were identified in an A. flavus expressed sequence tag library. A successful exemplary functional complementation of an antioxidative stress gene from A. flavus, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase ( sodA), in a sod2 Delta. yeast mutant further supported the potential of S. cerevisiae deletion mutants to serve as a model system to study A. flavus. Use of this system to further examine functional genomics of oxidative stress in aflatoxigenesis and reduction of aflatoxin biosynthesis by antioxidants is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bcc@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1821-1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 937PZ UT WOS:000229939300012 PM 15614562 ER PT J AU Cavigelli, MA Lengnick, LL Buyer, JS Fravel, D Handoo, Z McCarty, G Millner, P Sikora, L Wright, S Vinyard, B Rabenhorst, M AF Cavigelli, MA Lengnick, LL Buyer, JS Fravel, D Handoo, Z McCarty, G Millner, P Sikora, L Wright, S Vinyard, B Rabenhorst, M TI Landscape level variation in soil resources and microbial properties in a no-till corn field SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil drainage class; soil map unit; soil microbial properties; soil series; spatial variability; temporal variability ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SEASONAL-VARIATION; BIOMASS AB Soil microbial properties are known to exhibit high spatial and temporal variability, which can hinder our understanding of the effects of agricultural management on soil microbial activities, populations and communities. However, if this variability is explicitly considered in soil sampling schemes, experimental results can help us better understand soil microbial properties. In this initial assessment of soil resources and microbial properties in a 16-ha landscape planted to corn, we hypothesized that soil microbial properties will vary by soil type. We defined soil type based on drainage class (4 levels), series (7 levels), map unit (11 levels), and texture of the Ap horizon (3 levels). We took soil samples from 16 map units in April, June, August, and October and measured 12 physical and chemical properties, and 27 microbial properties oil at least one of these dates. Soil physical and chemical properties generally varied with soil type and canonical discriminant analyses showed that soil drainage classes, series, and map units were delineated by a similar set of soil properties (total C, total N, moisture, pH, equivalent CEC (CECc), and available P). Ap texture classes were delineated by a different set of soil properties (available K, Mg, and Ca and CECc). A number of soil microbial properties varied by soil type, but, in general, a smaller proportion of measured soil microbial properties showed soil type effects compared to the proportion of soil physical and chemical properties that showed soil type effects. Method of soil classification strongly influenced which soil microbial properties varied by soil type. However, soil microbial activities, population sizes, and community structures were generally greater or most unique in mid-range soils regardless of how soils were classified, possibly because soil moisture was optimal for microbiological activity and growth in these soils. Except at the level of drainage class, there was little consistency between patterns of variation in soil physical and chemical properties and patterns of variation in soil microbial properties among soil types. Thus, different soil sampling strategies may be required when accounting for variation in soil physical and chemical properties than when accounting for soil microbial properties at the landscape level. While sampling soils according to soil survey-defined map units indicated that some soil microbial properties vary by soil type, a number of limitations to this approach are discussed. To improve upon results presented here, future efforts to quantify landscape level variation of soil microbial properties should probably be sampled at a finer scale that explicitly accounts for soil properties that vary at the sub-map unit level, including terrain attributes, microtopography, soil texture, soil bulk density, and other factors that impact soil temperature and moisture dynamics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustain Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. Warren Wilson Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Asheville, NC 28815 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. USDA ARS, Biomet Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cavigelli, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustain Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20770 USA. EM cavigelm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 89 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 99 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.007 PG 25 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 935OT UT WOS:000229792300001 ER PT J AU Weaver, M Vedenyapina, E Kenerley, CM AF Weaver, M Vedenyapina, E Kenerley, CM TI Fitness, persistence, and responsiveness of a genetically engineered strain of Trichoderma virens in soil mesocosms SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma virens; GEMs; competitive PCR ID FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; CORN POLLEN; MODIFIED PLANTS; GENE FLOW; BIOCONTROL; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENTS; ENUMERATION; BACTERIA AB The genetic stability and ecological persistence of a strain of the filamentous fungus, Trichoderma virens, genetically modified (GM) with a hygromycin resistance gene and a gene encoding an organophosphohydrolase was evaluated over 243 days in soil mesocosms. The GM populations declined over time, a trend similar to the wild-type, parental strain (WT), but was still present at the end of the incubation. Similar population estimates were obtained by plating serial dilutions on selective media or by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) after 243 days' incubation. However, the absolute population size differed between the two methods by more than a log order of magnitude with QC-PCR being more sensitive. The presence of the WT strain did not adversely affect the persistence of the GM strain. The GM strain stably maintained the transgene and still expressed antibiotic resistance and the ability to degrade organophosphate xenobiotics. Even after the long-term incubation the GM and WT strains rapidly and efficiently colonized freshly added substrates, indicating a high level of responsiveness. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Russian Acad Sci, VL Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. RP Kenerley, CM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM c-kenerley@tamu.edu OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.11.006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 935OT UT WOS:000229792300002 ER PT J AU Pontius, J Hallett, R Martin, M AF Pontius, J Hallett, R Martin, M TI Assessing hemlock decline using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy: Indices comparison and algorithm development SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE forest health; decline modeling; narrow-band NIR spectroscopy; Tsuga canadensis ID VEGETATION APPARENT REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS; LEVEL MEASUREMENTS; FOREST DAMAGE; PLANT STRESS; SUGAR MAPLE; NITROGEN AB Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated for its effectiveness at predicting pre-visual decline in eastern hemlock trees. An ASD FieldSpec Pro FR field spectroradiometer measuring 2100 contiguous 1-nm-wide channels from 350 nm to 2500 nm was used to collect spectra from fresh hemlock foliage. Full spectrum partial least squares (PLS) regression equations and reduced stepwise linear regression equations were compared. The best decline predictive model was a 6-term linear regression equation (R-2 = 0.71, RMSE = 0.591) based on: Carter Miller Stress Index (R694/R760), Derivative Chlorophyll Index (FD705/FD723), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ((R800 - R680)/(R800 + R680)), R950, R1922, and FD1388. Accuracy assessment showed that this equation predicted an 11-class decline rating with a I-class tolerance accuracy of 96% and differentiated healthy trees from those in very early decline with 72% accuracy. These results indicate that narrow-band sensors could be developed to detect very early stages of hemlock decline, before visual symptoms are apparent. This capability would enable land managers to identify early hemlock woolly adelgid infestations and monitor forest health over large areas of the landscape. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03024 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03024 USA. RP Pontius, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03024 USA. EM jennifer.pontius@unh.edu NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 836 EP 843 DI 10.1366/0003702054280595 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 936KV UT WOS:000229854800015 PM 16053550 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Xu, DH Shelby, RA Klesius, PH AF Shoemaker, CA Xu, DH Shelby, RA Klesius, PH TI Detection of cutaneous antibodies against Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE skin; specific antibodies; Flavobacterium columnare; channel catfish ID ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BATH IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXCISED SKIN; SERUM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MUCUS; QUANTIFICATION; SIZE AB This study was conducted to determine if antibodies against Flavobacterium columnare were present in excised skin explants of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) following experimental infection. An indirect ELISA was used to determine cutaneous antibody titres at day 16, day 32 post-immersion boost and day 60 (28 days post-intraperitoneal (IP) boost) from excised skin explants cultured in vitro. Cutaneous antibodies against F. columnare were detected in the skin explants from IP injected channel catfish and titres ranged from 16 to 128 (mean 44 +/- standard error (SE) 12.5; N=12) from infected fish and were significantly higher (P < 0.003) than non-infected fish (mean 2.0 +/- 0.0; N=12) at day 16 post immunization. A second group of fish was IP injected and boosted by bath immersion at day 16. Titres ranged from 4 to 16 (mean 7.6 +/- 1.5; N=10) and were significantly higher (P < 0.04) than titres detected in the control fish (mean 2.0 +/- 0.0; N=5) at day 32 post boost. A third group of fish were injected and boosted using IP injection at day 32 with titres being determined at day 60. Titres ranged from 4 to 32 (mean 12.0 +/- 3.7; N=9) and were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than titres detected in the control fish (mean 2.0 +/- 0.0; N=9). To our knowledge, this is the first description of cutaneous antibodies against F. columnare in channel catfish. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 0952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 BP 813 EP 818 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01291.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 929TM UT WOS:000229369300011 ER PT J AU Hartzer, KL Zhu, KY Baker, JE AF Hartzer, KL Zhu, KY Baker, JE TI Phenoloxidase in larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Molecular cloning of the proenzyme cDNA and enzyme activity in larvae paralyzed and parasitized by Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plodia interpunctella; immune system; phenoloxidose; EDNA; Hohrobrocon; ectoparasitoid ID PRO-PHENOL OXIDASE; LACANOBIA-OLERACEA LEPIDOPTERA; BETA-1,3-GLUCAN RECOGNITION PROTEIN; VECTOR ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; EULOPHUS-PENNICORNIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MALARIA VECTOR; PROPHENOLOXIDASE GENES; ECTOPARASITIC WASP AB Phenoloxidose (PO) is a major component of the insect immune system. The enzyme is involved in encapsulation and melanization processes as well as wound healing and cuticle sclerotization. PO is present as an inactive proenzyme, prophenoloxidase (PPO), which is activated via a protease cascade. In this study, we have cloned a full-length PPO1 EDNA and a partial PPO2 EDNA from the Indianmeal moth, Pladia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and documented changes in PO activity in larvae paralyzed and parasitized by the ectoparasitoid Habrabracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The EDNA for PPO1 is 2,748 bp and encodes a protein of 681 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 78,328 and pl of 6.41 containing a conserved proteolytic cleavage site found in other PPOs. P interpunctella PPO1 ranges from 71-78% identical to other known lepidopteran PPO-1 sequences. Percent identity decreases as comparisons are made to PPO-1 of more divergent species in the orders Diptera (Au-48; As-49; and Sb-60%) and Coleoptera (Tm-58; Hd-50%). Paralyzation of host larvae of P interpunctella by the idiobiont H. hebetor results in an increase in phenoloxidase activity in host hemolymph, a process that may protect the host from microbial infection during self-provisioning by this wasp. Subsequent parasitization by H. hebetor larvae causes a decrease in hemolymph PO activity, which suggests that the larval parasitoid may be secreting an immunosuppressant into the host larva during feeding. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM baker@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 57 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1002/arch.20056 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 931AT UT WOS:000229458900003 PM 15898113 ER PT J AU Maroon-Lango, CJ Guaragna, MA Jordan, RL Hammond, J Bandla, M Marquardt, SK AF Maroon-Lango, CJ Guaragna, MA Jordan, RL Hammond, J Bandla, M Marquardt, SK TI Two unique US isolates of Pepino mosaic virus from a limited source of pooled tomato tissue are distinct from a third (European-like) US isolate SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOMIC RNA; SEQUENCE; POTEXVIRUS; PROGRAMS; PEPMV; PERU AB Three strains of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) found in the US have been cloned and sequenced by RT-PCR using total RNA from infected tissue as template, and degenerate potexvirus- and PepMV species- and isolate-specific primers. Despite limited source material, the complete nucleotide sequences (6413 and 6410 nts, respectively) of two isolates, PepMV-US1 and PepMV-US2, were obtained and analyzed using total RNA from less than 0.2 g of a pooled infected tomato leaf sample from Arizona. Sequence of the 3 '-end of the third isolate from infected fresh tomato fruits from Maryland (PepMV-US3) was also determined. The genome organizations of PepMV-US1 and US2 were typical of the genus Potexvirus, with the following reading frame order: ORF 1, encoding a putative replicase; ORFs 2-4, triple gene block proteins (TGBp) 1-3; and ORF 5, coat protein (CP). Gene-for-gene comparison between PepMV-US1 and US2 revealed the following amino acid identities: 91% in replicase, 89% in TGBp1, 92% in TGBp2, 85% in TGBp3, and 93% in the CP; with an overall nucleotide identity of 86%. Nucleotide sequence comparisons between US1 and US2 and the European isolates showed only 79-82% identity, whereas the identity among the European isolates was over 99%. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis indicate that PepMV-US1 and US2 are distinctly different from the European isolates, while the CP of PepMV-US3 is nearly identical to the European isolates. The results presented also suggest that TGBp1 and TGBp3 are more suitable than either the replicase or coat protein gene products for discriminating PepMV isolates. C1 ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN USA. RP Jordan, RL (reprint author), ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A,Rm 129, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jordanr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 150 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0495-z PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 927ZF UT WOS:000229240200011 PM 15750864 ER PT J AU Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Kajinami, K Brousseau, ME Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI A promoter polymorphism in cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase interacts with apolipoprotein E genotype in the LDL-lowering response to atorvastatin SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Coll Cardiol DE low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase; apolipoprotein E; statin; pharmacogenetics ID ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ASSOCIATION; RISK; INDIVIDUALS; THERAPY AB Bile-acid biosynthesis is a key determinant of intracellular cholesterol and, in turn, cholesterol synthesis rate in hepatocytes. This suggests that variation in the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1), a key enzyme in bile-acid biosynthesis, may influence the statin response. To test this hypothesis, a promoter polymorphism (A-204C) in CYP7A1 was examined in 324 hypercholesterolemic patients treated with atorvastatin 10 mg. The variant C allele was significantly and independently associated with poor LDL cholesterol reductions; -39% in wild type allele homozygotes, -37% in variant allele heterozygotes, and -34% in variant allele homozygotes (p < 0.0001 for trend). Differences were more striking in men, and were enhanced by the coexistence of common variants of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), epsilon 2 or epsilon 4. In subjects having wild type alleles at both loci, the mean reduction in LDL cholesterol was -40%, while the value in subjects having two CYP7A1 variant alleles and at least one variant APOE allele was -31% (p < 0.0001). Combination analysis of these two loci more accurately predicted the achievement of goal LDL cholesterol, than did both single locus analysis. We concluded that the CYP7A1 A-204C promoter variant was associated with poor response to atorvastatin, which were additively enhanced by common variants in another locus, APOE. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts New Englans Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Humn Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. RP Kajinami, K (reprint author), Tufts New Englans Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kajinami@kanazawa-med.ac.jp FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 17 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 180 IS 2 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.019 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 938IH UT WOS:000229992600024 PM 15910869 ER PT J AU Kinde, H Hullinger, PJ Charlton, B McFarland, M Hietala, SK Velez, V Case, JT Garber, L Wainwright, SH Mikolon, AB Breitmeyer, RE Ardans, AA AF Kinde, H Hullinger, PJ Charlton, B McFarland, M Hietala, SK Velez, V Case, JT Garber, L Wainwright, SH Mikolon, AB Breitmeyer, RE Ardans, AA TI The isolation of exotic Newcastle disease (END) virus from nonpoultry avian species associated with the epidemic of END in chickens in southern California: 2002-2003 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE NDV; END; swabs; nonpoultry species; real-time RT-PCR ID UNITED-STATES; PET BIRDS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY AB During the first 11 months of the 2002-2003 exotic Newcastle disease (END) epidemic in chickens in southern California, a total of 27,688 cloacal and tracheal (oropharyngeal) swab pools and/or tissue pools from 86 different avian species other than chickens and turkeys were submitted for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolation and characterization. Fifty-seven specimens (0.23%), representing 12 species of birds and 13 unspecified species, from a total of 24,409 accessions or submissions were positive for NDV. The NDV isolate was characterized as ENDV by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the 11,486 premises with other avian species, 1599 also had chickens. There were 1900 positive chicken samples from 164 premises, and 56 positive other avian species from 51 premises. Twelve premises had both positive chickens and positive other avian species. All positive other avian species were located on premises either on or within a I kin radius of known infected premises. In this epidemic, premises with positive other avian species were significantly more likely to have chickens, and were significantly more likely to have positive chickens (OR = 3.7, P < 0.0001). C1 Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anim Hlth Branch, Anim Hlth & Food Safety Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA 95381 USA. Fresno Branch, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis Branch, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH,CNAHS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Emergency Programs,PIADC, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Kinde, H (reprint author), Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1637/7229-062704R PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937TV UT WOS:000229949500004 PM 16094822 ER PT J AU Cui, XP Lee, LF Hunt, HD Reed, WM Lupiani, B Reddy, SM AF Cui, XP Lee, LF Hunt, HD Reed, WM Lupiani, B Reddy, SM TI A Marek's disease virus vIL-8 deletion mutant has attenuated virulence and confers protection against challenge with a very virulent plus strain SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus (MDV); vIL-8; recombinant virus; virulence; protection efficiency; tumor incidence ID GENE; INTERLEUKIN-8; HERPESVIRUS; CHICKENS; EFFICACY; SEQUENCE; CULTURE; AGENT; MEQ AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alpha-herpesvirus that causes rapid development of T-cell lymphomas in chickens. MDV-encoded vIL-8 is homologous to the cellular IL-8 gene, and its function in MDV pathogenesis has yet to be determined. Using overlapping cosmid clone-based technology, we have generated an MDV vIL-8 deletion mutant virus, rMd5/Delta vIL-8. In vivo experiments with this mutant virus demonstrated that deletion of vIL-8 results in attenuation of the virus and induction of significantly less gross tumor, both in viscera and nerves, when compared to the parental virus. Reintroduction of the vIL-8 gene in the genome of the mutant virus restored the virulence of the virus to the wild-type levels, indicating that vIL-8 plays a role in MDV-induced pathogenesis. In this study, we show that there is a significant difference in the reduction of B cells and activation of T cells in the spleen cells of chickens inoculated with parental rMd5 and vIL-8 deletion mutant virus. These results indicate that vIL-8 is involved in the early phase of pathogenesis, presumably by attracting target cells to the initial site of infection. In addition, protection studies with the vIL-8 mutant virus showed that this mildly virulent virus protects susceptible maternal antibody-positive viruses at a higher level than the commonly used serotype 1 CV1988 vaccine. These results confirm the potential of partially attenuated viruses as vaccines against very virulent plus strains and the usefulness of recombinant DNA technology to generate the next generation of MDV vaccines. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Reddy, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1637/7277-091004 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937TV UT WOS:000229949500005 PM 16094823 ER PT J AU Tang, Y Lee, CW Zhang, Y Senne, DA Dearth, R Byrum, B Perez, DR Suarez, DL Saif, YM AF Tang, Y Lee, CW Zhang, Y Senne, DA Dearth, R Byrum, B Perez, DR Suarez, DL Saif, YM TI Isolation and characterization of H3N2 influenza A virus from turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE H3N2 subtype influenza virus; isolation; serotyping; genetic characterization; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; SWINE; PIGS; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; ASSAY AB Five 34-wk-old turkey breeder layer flocks in separate houses of 2550 birds each in a single farm in Ohio experienced a drop in egg production from late January to early February 2004. Tracheal swabs (n = 60), cloacal swabs (n = 50), and convalescent sera (n = 110) from the flocks were Submitted to the laboratory for diagnostics. Virus isolation was attempted in specific-pathogen free embryonating chicken eggs and Vero and MDCK cells. Virus characterization was performed using agar gel immunodiffusion, the hemagglutination test, the hemagglutination inhibition rest, the virus neutralization test, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. A presumptive influenza virus was successfully propagated and isolated on the first passage in MDCK cells, but initially not in Vero cells or specific-pathogen free chicken embryos. After two passages in MDCK cells, it was possible to propagate the isolate in specific-pathogen free chicken embryos. Preliminary sequence analysis of the isolated virus confirmed that it was influenza A virus with almost 100% (235/236) identity with the matrix gene of a swine influenza A virus, A/Swine/Illinois/100084/01 (H1N2). However, it was not possible to Subtype the virus using conventional serotyping methods. The results of genetic characterization of the isolated virus showed that it was the H3N2 subtype and was designated as A/Turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2). Phylogenetic analysis of the eight gene segments of the virus showed that A/Turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2) isolate was most closely related to the triple-reassortant H3N2 swine viruses [A/Swine/W1/14094/99 (H3N2)] that have been circulating among pigs in the United States since 1998, which contains gene segments from avian, swine, and human viruses. The A/Turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2) isolated from turkeys in this study was classified as a low pathogenic avian influenza A virus because it only caused a drop in egg production with minor other clinical signs and no mortality. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ohio Dept Agr, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Saif, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OI Perez, Daniel/0000-0002-6569-5689 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1637/7288-101304R PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937TV UT WOS:000229949500006 PM 16094824 ER PT J AU Mays, JK Bacon, LD Pandiri, AR Fadly, AM AF Mays, JK Bacon, LD Pandiri, AR Fadly, AM TI Response of white leghorn chickens of various B haplotypes to infection at hatch with subgroup J avian leukosis virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus; B haplotype; white leghorn; chickens; genetic effects ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES; ENDOGENOUS VIRAL GENES; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; INDEPENDENT SEGREGATION; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; RELATIVE EFFICACY; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS AB White leghorn chickens from seven 15.B congenic lines (genetically similar except for genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex [MHC] B haplotype) and two Line 03 semicongenic lines were infected at hatch with strain ADOL Hc-1 of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). At 5, 8, 16, and 36 wk of age, chickens were tested for viremia, serum-neutralizing antibody, and cloacal shedding. Chickens were also monitored for development of neoplasia. In the 153 congenic lines (B*2, B*5, B*12, B*13, B*15, B*19, and B*21) there were no significant differences in the incidence of viremia between B haplotypes. In fact, infection at hatch in all of the 153 congenic lines induced tolerance to ALV-J because 100% of these chickens were viremic and transient circulating serum-neutralizing antibody was detected in only a few chickens throughout the 36 wk experiment. However, at 16 wk of age more B*15 chickens had antibody and fewer B*15 chickens shed virus than did the 16-wk-old B*2, B*5, or B*13 chickens. Moreover, compared with B*15 chickens, a higher percentage of B*13 chickens consistently shed virus from 8 wk postinfection to termination at 36 wk postinfection. The B haplotype had a transient effect on viral clearance in Line 0.B semicongenics, as more B*13 than B*21 chickens remained viremic through 5 wk of age. Very few (0%-18%) of the Line 0.B semicongenic chickens shed virus. By 36 wk of age, all Line 0 B*13 and B*21 chickens produced serum-neutralizing antibodies and cleared the virus. These results show that following ALV-J infection at hatch the immune response is influenced transiently by the B haplotype and strongly by the line of chicken. Although this study was not designed to study the effect of endogenous virus on ALV-J infection, the data suggest that endogenous virus expression reduced immunity to ALV-J in Line 1515, compared with Line 0, a line known to lack endogenous virus genes. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1637/7315-120104R PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937TV UT WOS:000229949500007 PM 16094825 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Bailey, JS Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Cosby, DE Wilson, JL Hiett, KL Siragusa, GR Bourassa, DV AF Cox, NA Bailey, JS Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Cosby, DE Wilson, JL Hiett, KL Siragusa, GR Bourassa, DV TI Presence of naturally occurring Campylobacter and Salmonella in the mature and immature ovarian follicles of late-life broiler breeder hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder hen; Campylobacter; Salmonella; mature follicles; ceca; immature follicles ID LAYING HENS; JEJUNI; EGGS; CONTAMINATION; CHICKENS; POULTRY; TRANSMISSION; ENTERITIDIS; SEGMENTS; OVIDUCT AB Campylobacter and Salmonella are known to cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Raw poultry products have been implicated as a significant source of these infections. Five trials were conducted to determine whether Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. exist naturally in the mature and immature ovarian follicles of late-life broiler breeder hens. Broiler breeder hens ranging from 60 to 66 wk of age were obtained from four different commercial breeder operations. For each trial, the hens were removed from the commercial operation and held overnight at the University of Georgia processing facility. The hens were euthanized, defeathered, and aseptically opened. To reduce the possibility of cross-contamination between samples, first the mature and immature ovarian follicles, then the ceca, were aseptically removed. Individual samples were placed in sterile bags, packed on ice, and transported to the laboratory for evaluation. Overall, Campylobacter was found in 7 of 55 immature follicles, 12 of 47 mature follicles, and 41 of 55 ceca. Campylobacter was found in at least one of each sample of mature follicles and in ceca in each of the five trials. Salmonella was found in 0 of 55 immature follicles, I of 47 mature follicles, and 8 of 55 ceca. In this study, the recovery rate of Salmonella from late-life broiler breeder hen ovarian follicles was relatively low. However, the recovery rate of Campylobacter from the hen ovarian follicles was reasonably high, suggesting that these breeder hens could be infecting fertile hatching eggs. Determining how Campylobacter contaminated these ovarian follicles and how many chicks could be colonized from this source are the next steps in helping to elucidate a better understanding of this ecology and the control of Campylobacter in poultry production. C1 USDA ARS, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PMSRU, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1637/7324-011005 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 937TV UT WOS:000229949500018 PM 16094836 ER PT J AU Evans, JD AF Evans, JD TI Beenome-mania: how will the honey bee genome project help beekeepers? SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 938JL UT WOS:000229995700001 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ AF Moran, PJ TI Leaf scarring by the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N-bruchi enhances infection by the fungus Cercospora piaropi on waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE additive effects; aquatic weed (Pontederiaceae); augmentation; bioherbicide; biological control of weeds; Curculionidae; plant defense; Texas; USA ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WATERHYACINTH; INSECTS; WEEDS; HOST; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Additive or synergistic effects among introduced and native insect and plant pathogen agents are necessary to achieve biological control of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a globally damaging aquatic weed. In field plots, plants were infested with waterhyacinth weevils (Neoechetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae) and leaves were scarred by weevil feeding. Subsequent infection by the fungal pathogen Cercospora piaropi caused necrotic lesions to form on leaves. Necrosis development was 7.5- and 10.5-fold greater in plots augmented with both weevils and C. piaropi and weevils alone, respectively, than in plots receiving only C. piaropi. Twenty-four days after weevil infestation, the percentage of laminar area covered by lesions on third-youngest and oldest live leaves was elevated 2.3-2.5-fold in plots augmented with weevils. Scar density and necrosis coverage on young leaf laminae were positively correlated, even though antipathogenic soluble peroxidases were elevated 3-fold in plots augmented with weevils alone or weevils and C. piaropi. Combined weevil and fungal augmentation decreased shoot densities and leaves per plant. In a no-choice bioassay, weevil feeding on oldest but not young leaves was reduced 44 two weeks after C. piaropi inoculation. Protein content and peroxidase activities were elevated 2-6-fold in oldest leaves three weeks after inoculation. Augmentation with both waterhyacinth weevils and C. piaropi led to the development of an additive biological control impact, mediated by one or more direct interactions between these agents, and not plant quality effects. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM pmoran@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-4254-y PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 922VK UT WOS:000228867800008 ER PT J AU Uygur, S Smith, L Uygur, FN Cristofaro, M Balciunas, J AF Uygur, S Smith, L Uygur, FN Cristofaro, M Balciunas, J TI Field assessment in land of origin of host specificity, infestation rate and impact of Ceratapion basicorne a prospective biological control agent of yellow starthistle SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Centaurea solstitialis; Ceratapion basicorne; root-crown feeding insect; Turkey ID CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; GERMINATION AB Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae), is an important invasive alien weed in the western United States. Currently established biological control agents attack only the capitula (flowerheads), and are not effectively controlling the plant in much of its range. The geographic center of diversity for the plant appears to be in Turkey, but no agents have been introduced from this country. Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) is common in Central Turkey, attacking 25-100% of yellow starthistle plants. In a field experiment, Ceratapion spp. attacked 90% of yellow starthistle plants and 88% of milk thistle plants (Silybum marianum) but not seven other plant species, including artichoke and safflower. We suspect that a different species of insect attacked milk thistle, but they emerged before the plants were sampled. Laboratory tests showed that C. basicorne does not oviposit in milk thistle. Ceratapion basicorne appears to be more host specific than was suggested by previous studies of a population in Italy (Clement et al. 1989. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82: 741-747). The insect is gregarious, and the number of larvae per plant was positively correlated to root diameter. The level of damage to individual plants was positively correlated to the proportion of plants attacked, indicating aggregation both among plants and within plants. Field data did not show any impact of the insect on plant size or number of capitula, but germination rate of seeds produced by infested plants was 15% lower than for uninfested plants at two of three sites studied. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cukurova Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. ENEA CR Casaccia, BIOTEC, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 525 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s10526-004-5546-y PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 922VK UT WOS:000228867800009 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE AF Hagler, JR Naranjo, SE TI Use of a gut content ELISA to detect whitefly predator feeding activity after field exposure to different insecticide treatments SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect growth regulators; predator gut content examination; ELISA; conservation biological control; Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; TARNISHED PLANT BUGS; GROWTH-REGULATORS; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MANAGING RESISTANCE AB A 2- year commercial- scale study was conducted to qualitatively evaluate the effect of different insecticide treatment regimes on the predator complex attacking Bemisia tabaci ( Gennadius) in cotton. In 1996 three insecticide regimes were compared: a rotation of conventional broad-spectrum insecticides or one of two different regimes based on the initial use of the insect growth regulators ( IGRs), buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. In 1997 the same three regimes plus an untreated control were compared; split- plots were sprayed once for Lygus hesperus Knight control using a broad- spectrum insecticide. Relative feeding activity for each predator species was compared between treatment regimes by analyzing the gut contents of predators for the presence of whitefly remains using a whitefly- specific enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). The ELISA results were combined with predator density data to obtain a qualitative pesticide impact index for each predator group. In total, we analyzed the gut contents of 32 262 field- collected predators, representing nine different taxa. Of these, Pseudatomocelis seriatus ( Reuter), Spanagonicus albofasciatus ( Reuter), and spiders consisting primarily of Misumenops celer ( Hentz) are shown to be whitefly predators for the first time. Predator populations were usually reduced in plots that received applications of broad- spectrum insecticides for B. tabaci and L. hesperus control, but there were few treatment differences in the proportions of predators containing whitefly remains in their guts. However, the feeding activity of certain predator species in fields sprayed with broad spectrum insecticides was significantly reduced compared with those in IGR- based and control treatments. Overall, insecticide regimes using IGRs were less lethal to the whitefly predator complex than regimes consisting of only conventional, broad-spectrum insecticides, but differences in predator feeding activity on whitefly between the various insecticide treatment regimes were minimal. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.1080/09583150500086474 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 939ON UT WOS:000230082400001 ER PT J AU Leland, JE Mullins, DE Vaughan, LJ Warren, HL AF Leland, JE Mullins, DE Vaughan, LJ Warren, HL TI Effects of media composition on submerged culture spores of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, Part 1: Comparison of cell wall characteristics and drying stability among three spore types SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium anisopliae; conidia; blastospores; media; cell wall; mycoinsecticide; biocontrol ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; CONIDIA; BLASTOSPORES; VIRULENCE; HYDROPHOBIN; FLAVOVIRIDE; TOLERANCE; VIABILITY; STORAGE; CUTICLE AB Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum ( IMI 330189) can produce at least three spore types in vitro; blastospores, submerged conidia, and aerial conidia, as defined by culturing conditions, sporogenesis, and spore morphology. This study compares morphological characteristics ( dimensions and cell wall structure), chemical properties of cell wall surfaces ( charge, hydrophobicity, and lectin binding), and performance ( germination rate and drying stability) among these three spore types. Submerged conidia and aerial conidia both possessed thick, double- layered cell walls, with hydrophobic regions on their surfaces. However, in contrast to aerial conidia, submerged conidia have: ( 1) a greater affinity for the lectin concanavalin- A; ( 2) more anionic net surface charge; and ( 3) a less distinct outer rodlet layer. Blastospores were longer and more variable in length than both submerged conidia and aerial conidia, and had thinner single- layered cell walls that lacked an outer rodlet layer. Also, blastospores had a greater affinity than either conidia type for the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin. Blastaspores lacked hydrophobic regions on their surface, and had a lower anionic net surface charge than submerged conidia. In culture, blastospores germinated the fastest followed by submerged conidia, and then aerial conidia. Survival of submerged conidia and aerial conidia were similar after drying on silica gel, and was greater than that for blastospores. We provide corroborating information for differentiating spore types previously based on method of production, sporogenesis, and appearance of spores. These physical characteristics may have practical application for predicting spore- performance characteristics relevant to production and efficacy of mycoinsecticides. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Off Int Res Educ & Dev, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jleland@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1080/09583150400016928 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 939ON UT WOS:000230082400005 ER PT J AU Leland, JE Mullins, DE Vaughan, LJ Warren, HL AF Leland, JE Mullins, DE Vaughan, LJ Warren, HL TI Effects of media composition on submerged culture spores of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Part 2: Effects of media osmolality on cell wall characteristics, carbohydrate concentrations, drying stability, and pathogenicity SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium anisopliae; conidia; osmolality; media; cell wall; mycoinsecticide; biocontrol ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; NEPHOTETTIX-VIRESCENS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; GREEN LEAFHOPPER; GERMINATION; BLASTOSPORES; CONIDIA; VIRULENCE AB This study evaluates osmolality of a submerged conidia- producing medium in relation to the following spore characteristics: yield, morphology ( dimensions and cell wall structure), chemical properties of cell wall surfaces ( charge, hydrophobicity, and lectin binding), cytoplasmic polyols and trehalose, and performance ( drying stability and pathogenicity). Spore production was increased by the addition of up to 150 g l(-1) polyethylene glycol 200 ( PEG). Spores from high osmolality medium ( HOM spores) containing 100 g l(-1) PEG had thin cell walls and dimensions more similar to blastospores than submerged conidia or aerial conidia. However, a faint electron- dense layer separating primary and secondary HOM spores' cell walls was discernable by transmission electron microscopy as found in aerial and submerged conidia but not found in blastospores. HOM spores also appeared to have an outer rodlet layer, unlike blastospores, although it was thinner than those observed in submerged conidia. HOM spores' surfaces possessed hydrophobic microsites, which was further evidence of the presence of a rodlet layer. In addition, HOM spores had concentrations of exposed N- acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminyl residues intermediate between blastospores and submerged conidia potentially indicating a masking of underlying cell wall by a rodlet layer. All spore types had exposed alpha- d- mannosyl and/ or a- d- glucosyl residues, but lacked oligosaccharides. Similar to blastospores, HOM spores were less anionic than submerged conida. Although HOM spores had thin cell walls, they were more stable to drying than blastospores and submerged conidia. Relative drying stability did not appear to be the result of differences in polyol or trehalose concentrations, since trehalose concentrations were lower in HOM spores than submerged conidia and polyol concentrations were similar between the two spore types. HOM spores had faster germination rates than submerged conidia, similar to blastospores, and they were more pathogenic to Schistocerca americana than submerged conidia and aerial conidia. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Off Int Res Educ & Dev, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jleland@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1080/09583150400016910 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 939ON UT WOS:000230082400006 ER PT J AU Warren, ML Haag, WR AF Warren, ML Haag, WR TI Spatio-temporal patterns of the decline of freshwater mussels in the little South Fork Cumberland River, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Cumberland River; endangered species; freshwater mussel; persistence; population decline; Unionidae ID POPULATION; UNIONIDAE; ABSENCE AB The Little South Fork Cumberland River, Kentucky and Tennessee, USA, was a globally important conservation refugium for freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) because it supported an intact example (26 species) of the unique Cumberland River mussel fauna including imperiled species. We used previous surveys and our 1997-1998 survey to reconstruct the historical fauna, to describe spatio-temporal patterns of density and number of species, and to evaluate the probable sequence and cause of observed mussel declines. We were specifically interested in better understanding how mussel assemblages respond to chronic disturbances, and how these changes manifest in persistence patterns. Density and numbers of species declined steadily from 1981 to 1998, but declines occurred first in the lower river (early 1980s), followed by declines in the upper river (late 1980s to early 1990s). Of the total species recorded from the Little South Fork, 17 (65%) are seemingly extirpated and five others appear near extirpation. Declines are associated with at least two, temporally distinct major insults. Lower river declines are associated with surface mining, whereas, oil extraction activities are implicated in upper river declines. Regardless of causal factors, species persistence was primarily a function of predecline population size with only the most numerous and widespread species surviving. At this time, the river appears lost as a conservation refugium for mussels despite its remoteness, predominantly forested watershed, and several layers of existing statutory and regulatory environmental safeguards. We suggest that the river could be restored and mussels reintroduced if an interagency task force is formed to identify and mitigate specific stressors now affecting most mussel species in the river. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Warren, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, USDA, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM fswarren@olemiss.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1400 DI 10.1007/s10531-004-9664-8 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935SG UT WOS:000229803100006 ER PT J AU Ferguson, ME Jarvis, A Stalker, HT Williams, DE Guarino, L Valls, JFM Pittman, RN Simpson, CE Bramel, PJ AF Ferguson, ME Jarvis, A Stalker, HT Williams, DE Guarino, L Valls, JFM Pittman, RN Simpson, CE Bramel, PJ TI Biogeography of wild Arachis (Leguminosae): distribution and environmental characterisation SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Arachis; ecogeography; geographical distribution; GIS; species richness ID PEANUT GERMPLASM LINES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HYPOGAEA L; REGISTRATION; RFLP AB Geographic Information System ( GIS) tools are applied to a comprehensive database of 3514 records of wild Arachis species to assist in the conservation and utilisation of the species by: ( a) determining the distributional range of species and their abundance; ( b) characterising species environments; ( c) determining the geographical distribution of species richness; and ( d) determining the extent to which species are associated with river basins. Distributional ranges, climatic variables and indices of endemism for each species are tabulated. A. duranensis Krapov. & W. C. Gregory, the most probable donor of the A genome to the cultivated peanut, is distributed in close proximity to both the proposed donor of the B genome, A. ipaensis, and the closest wild relative of the cultigen, A. monticola Krapov. & Rigoni. This region in the eastern foothills of the Andes and the adjoining chaco regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, is a key area for further exploration for wild Arachis. An area of particularly high species richness occurs in the State of Mato Grosso, close to the Gran Pantanal in southwest Brazil. Seventy- one percent of the species were found to have some degree of association with water catchment areas, although in most cases it was diffcult to determine whether this was due to climatic adaptation reasons, restricted dispersal due to geocarpic habit, or the role of watercourses as a principal dispersal agent. In only two cases could climatic adaptation be eliminated as the reason for species distribution. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Reg Off Amer, Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Cali, Colombia. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Griffin, GA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Exp Stn, Stephenville, TX USA. RP Ferguson, ME (reprint author), Co ILRI, Int Inst Trop Agr, POB 30709, Nairobi, Kenya. EM m.ferguson@cgiar.org NR 35 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1777 EP 1798 DI 10.1007/s10531-004-0699-7 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 937OL UT WOS:000229935300012 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Mills, LS AF Schwartz, MK Mills, LS TI Gene flow after inbreeding leads to higher survival in deer mice SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE inbreeding depression; migration; purging; deer mouse; conservation biology ID PEROMYSCUS-POLIONOTUS; POPULATION-SIZE; MARKED ANIMALS; ONE-MIGRANT; DEPRESSION; EXTINCTION; CONSERVATION; FITNESS; RESTORATION; PROBABILITY AB We test the ability of gene flow to alleviate the deleterious effects of inbreeding in a small mammal, the deer mouse (Perornyscus maniculatus). After three generations of sib-sib mating, individuals from three lines of mice were either subject to further inbreeding or were mated with an outbred individual. Subsequently, these mice, plus a control line, which were first generation (F-1) mice from unrelated individuals kept in captivity for the same duration as the treatment lines, were released into isolated pens in a forest in western Montana. Survival of individual mice was recorded. Survival models that allowed variation in breeding treatments were well supported, whereas models explaining variation in line, or release location were not well supported. Survival was highest for offspring of the outcross group, intermediate for the inbred animals, and lowest for the control group. This suggests that the introduction of migrants can reduce inbreeding depression, as theory predicts. We also show limited evidence for purging of deleterious recessive alleles that can cause inbreeding depression. While purging may have occurred, the demographic cost was non-trivial as 5 of 8 of our inbred mouse lines went extinct during the inbreeding process. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Coll Fac & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.11.016 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910UV UT WOS:000227958600001 ER PT J AU Miliczky, ER Horton, DR AF Miliczky, ER Horton, DR TI Densities of beneficial arthropods within pear and apple orchards affected by distance from adjacent native habitat and association of natural enemies with extra-orchard host plants SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE insecta; Araneae; beneficial insects; spiders; natural enemies; orchards; pear; apple; extra-orchard habitats ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON; FIELD BOUNDARIES; PSYLLA; LEPIDOPTERA; PREDATORS; ARANEAE; TORTRICIDAE; ABUNDANCE; LARVAE; MOTH AB Beneficial arthropods were sampled using beat trays in 10 pear and 8 apple orchards in Washington and Oregon, USA. One border of each orchard was adjacent to non-agricultural land (extra-orchard habitat). Beneficial arthropods were also sampled on 45 species of plants in extra-orchard habitats adjacent to study orchards. Orchard samples were taken monthly at 2 or 3 distances (depending upon size of the orchard) from the edge adjacent to extra-orchard habitat. An overall mean of 33.8 beneficial arthropods was taken per 26-tray sample (43.8% spiders; 37.8% predaceous insects; and 18.5% parasitoids). In May, July, and August, densities of beneficial arthropods declined significantly as distance from extra-orchard habitat increased. The decline was most evident in spiders and parasitoids; no trend was noted for predaceous insects. Most of the decline occurred between 0-60 and 60-120 in into the orchard, with no significant decline between 60-120 and 120+m. These results are consistent with the idea that some taxa of beneficial arthropods moved into orchards from extra-orchard habitat. The most common predaceous insects in orchards were Miridae (32.3% of beneficial insects), Coccinellidae (11.1%), Chrysopidae (6.9%), and Hemerobiidae (5.7%). Important parasitoids were Trechnites insidiosus (7.6% of beneficial insects) and Pnigalio flavipes (2.3%). The families Linyphiidae, Salticidae, Oxyopidae, Philodromidae, Theridiidae, and Clubionidae together comprised 87.3% of total spiders. Twenty-two taxa of spiders and 22 taxa of beneficial insects collected in orchards were also collected on plant species outside of the orchards. The predatory insects Orius tristicolor, Deraeocoris brevis, and Nabis alternatus and the spiders Misumenops lepidus and Oxyopes scalaris were collected on the largest number of extra-orchard plant species. Common parasitoids of orchard pests were never collected from extra-orchard host plants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Miliczky, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM emiliczky@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.002 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 930LT UT WOS:000229418100001 ER PT J AU McGuire, MR Ulloa, M Park, YH Hudson, N AF McGuire, MR Ulloa, M Park, YH Hudson, N TI Biological and molecular characteristics of Beauveria bassiana isolates from California Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera : Miridae) populations SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungi; microbial pesticide; western tarnished plant bug; microsatellite markers; SSR ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; LINEOLARIS HEMIPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; PATHOGENICITY; BUG AB Lygus hesperus is an important pest of many crops grown in the Western US. In addition, other species of Lygus cause damage in other parts of the world. To date, no selective pesticide exists for the control of Lygus spp. and broad spectrum pesticides that also kill natural enemies may lead to secondary pests. Entomopathogenic fungi may offer an alternative to chemical pesticides. Isolates of Beauveria bassiana collected from San Joaquin Valley of California (SJV) L. hesperus populations were screened for their ability to grow at high temperatures and for their ability to infect and kill L. hesperus adults and nymphs under laboratory conditions. No isolate grew at 37 or 35 degrees C but most isolates were able to grow at 32 degrees C. In addition, one L. hesperus isolate was more efficacious at higher doses than the commercial isolate. Microsatellite markers were used to determine that selected isolates could be distinguished from other isolates. Preliminary information suggested 82 SJV isolates of B. bassiana were closely related to each other but distantly related to the commercial isolate. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McGuire, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM mmcguire@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 930LT UT WOS:000229418100008 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Noma, T Elliott, NC AF Brewer, MJ Noma, T Elliott, NC TI Hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators of the invasive aphid Diuraphis noxia after enemy introductions: Temporal variation and implication for future aphid invasions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; Aphelinus spp.; Aphelinidae; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius spp.; Braconidae; Eupeodes volucris; Syrphidae; Leucopis gaimarii; Chamaemyiidae ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; NORTH-AMERICA; MORDVILKO HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GROWTH-STAGES; WINTER-WHEAT; GREAT-PLAINS; APHELINIDAE; BRACONIDAE; ABUNDANCE AB Shifts in prevalence and abundance of hymenopteran parasitoids and dipteran predators, Diuraphis noxia, and other aphids were measured in the west-central Great Plains of North America, April-September, in 2001 and 2002, corresponding to over a decade after first detection of D. noxia and first release of D. noxia enemies. Significant temporal shifts in enemy species prevalence and diversity were detected in this study and more broadly during an 11 year time span. At any given time, some species were relatively common. One parasitoid had been predominant throughout (Aphelinus albipodus), two had shifted in dominance (Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Diaeretiella rapae), three parasitoids had been detected infrequently (Aphidius avenaphis, Aphidius matricariae, and Aphelinus asychis), one parasitoid was detected in the 1990s but not during 2001 and 2002 (Aphelinus varipes), two predatory flies occurred at occasional significant levels (Leucopis gaimarii and Eupeodes volucris), and two parasitoids may have been minor members of the fauna (Aphidius ervi and Praon yakimanum). Aphid populations detected were usually very low or not detected, precluding estimation of percent parasitism. The best evidence of suppression was observations of parasitoids in the rare case of D. noxia exceeding economic thresholds, which complemented past studies using high aphid densities. The D. noxia enemies detected were primarily endemic or long-time residents derived from previous introductions. This enemy community may provide flexibility in responding to a future aphid invasion, allowing more strategic use of biological control and other pest management approaches. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, CIPS Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM brewerm@msu.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.013 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 930LT UT WOS:000229418100009 ER PT J AU Opit, GP Nechols, JR Margolies, DC Williams, KA AF Opit, GP Nechols, JR Margolies, DC Williams, KA TI Survival, horizontal distribution, and economics of releasing predatory mites (Acari : Phytoseiidae) using mechanical blowers SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Phytoseiulus persimilis; Amblyseius cucumeris; augmentative biological control; predator release; mechanical blower; economic analysis; greenhouse ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPIDER-MITES; TETRANYCHIDAE; QUALITY AB The predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseitis cucumeris are commonly used in commercial greenhouses for augmentative biological control of spider mites and thrips, respectively. One disincentive for growers to use biological control is the cost of manually distributing predators. Therefore, we tested the efficiency of two types of mechanical blowers for dispensing predatory mites. One blower bad a metering device to control the flow of material (MBWMD); the other had no metering device (MBWOMD). Predator survival was measured at various distances after dispensing them with blowers. Survival also was compared with a manual-sprinkling method. When blowers were held horizontally, the distribution of predators was uneven for both blowers. For P. persimilis, 77% were found at 1.52 and 2.44 m with the MBWOMD, whereas 75% were located at 2.44, 3.35, and 4.27 in with the MBWMD. For A. cucumeris, 97% were found at 1.52, 2.44, and 3.35 in with the MBWOMD, while 81% landed at 2.44 and 3.35 in with the MBWMD. Percentages of live P. persimilis found using the MBWMD, MBWOMD, and manual-sprinkling were 31 4,49 3, and 68 +/- 8%, respectively. For A. cucumeris, percentages of survival were 61 +/- 4, 79 +/- 4, and 83 7%, respectively. The MBWOMD dispensed P. persimilis 22 and 44 times faster than the MBWMD and manual-sprinkling, respectively. Mechanical blowers have the advantage of better coverage, substantially less labor, and estimated total costs to growers that are approximately half that of the manual release method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Opit, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM gopit@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.010 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 930LT UT WOS:000229418100012 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, WH TI Changes in abundance of native and introduced parasites (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), and of the target and non-target plant bug species (Hemiptera : Miridae), during two classical biological control programs in alfalfa SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Adelphocoris; alfalfa; biological control; host specificity; Leptopterna; Lygus; parasites; Peristenus ID PERISTENUS-DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; INSECTS; TACHINIDAE; ACRIDIDAE; DIPTERA AB High numbers of tarnished plant bugs [Lygus lineolaris (Palisot)], were once common in alfalfa, as was a low level of parasitism (9%) by the native Peristenus pallipes (Curtis). After the bivoltine European parasite Peristenus digoneutis Loan became well established, average parasitism of the first and second generations increased to 64%, and tarnished plant bug numbers dropped by 65%. This reduced host density eventually caused a decline in total parasitism by both parasite species to 22%. A few P. digoneutis also attacked the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), but did not reduce this pest or increase its parasitism rate. At another location, where P. digoneutis is not established, parasitism of first generation alfalfa plant bugs, an adventive (accidently introduced) pest, was increased to 21% by the introduced univoltine parasite, Peristenus conradi Marsh, and a slight reduction in the pest may have resulted. P. digoneutis did not parasitize the meadow plant bug, Leptopterna dolabrata (L.), an adventive pest of forage grasses, so did not affect this mirid or its parasite. Neither introduced parasite eliminated the native parasites of the tarnished or alfalfa plant bugs. The narrow host ranges of the braconid parasites of mirid nymphs are contrasted with the broad host range of the native tachinid parasite [Phasia robertsoni (Towns.)] of adult mirids. The major changes in mirid abundance and their mortality by parasites that slowly occurred during this 19-year study demonstrate the need for long-term field research, to adequately document and understand these complex interactions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM wday@biir.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.015 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 930LT UT WOS:000229418100015 ER PT J AU Glavich, DA Geiser, LH Mikulin, AG AF Glavich, Doug A. Geiser, Linda H. Mikulin, Alexander G. TI The Distribution of Some Rare Coastal Lichens in the Pacific Northwest and Their Association with Late-seral and Federally-protected Forests SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE California; conservation; frequency; maritime; old-growth; Oregon; Washington AB Using data from randomly-selected surveys, historic locations, and 'purposive' surveys of likely habitats, fifteen rare epiphytic lichens (Bryoria pseudocapillaris, B. spiralifera, B. subcana, Erioderma sorediatum, Heterodermia leucomela, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Leioderma sorediatum, Leptogium brebissonii, Niebla cephalota, Pannaria rubiginosa, Pseudocyphellaria perpetua, Pyrrhospora quernea, Ramalina pollinaria, Teloschistes flavicans, and Usnea hesperina) were assessed for frequency and distribution on publicly owned lands along the immediate Pacific coast from the Canadian border south to San Francisco and for association with late seral forests and federally protected lands. A total of 178 sites of 0.04 ha each were surveyed in 2000 and 2001; 129 were randomly selected. The major distribution patterns were CA and OR coastlines +/- Puget Sound, OR and WA coastlines, and OR and WA Coast and western Cascades Ranges, following major regional climatic gradients. Frequency varied considerably by state, all lichens except P. quernea were rare in at least one state (no detections among randomly selected survey sites). Odds ratio tests provided suggestive evidence that most populations of U. hesperina are in forests > 80 years old, and good evidence that forest age is not an important predictor of occurrence for R. pollinaria and H. leucomela. Ten of the target species were associated with <= two federally protected land allocations, and none were primarily found on protected allocations. Therefore actions on unprotected state and federal lands in the 21st century will influence persistence. Target populations for conservation are discussed. C1 [Glavich, Doug A.; Geiser, Linda H.; Mikulin, Alexander G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Glavich, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM dglavich@fs.fed.us; lgeiser@fs.fed.us; mag@proaxis.com FU USDA-Forest Service Survey and Manage Program with cooperation from the California, Oregon; Washington State Park systems,; National Park Service; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Anne Ingersoll for database support; Tom Edwards, Richard Cutler, Jim Alegria, Carol Apple, and Greg Brenner for statistical advice; Bruce Rittenhouse, and Bruce McCune for manuscript review; and Katie Glew, Martin Hutten, and Jerry Freilich for locating herbarium records. Funding and collection permits were provided by the USDA-Forest Service Survey and Manage Program with cooperation from the California, Oregon, and Washington State Park systems, the National Park Service, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD JUN PY 2005 VL 108 IS 2 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0241:TDOSRC]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V98ZU UT WOS:000206691800011 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Parker, AG Benedict, MQ Robinson, AS Broce, AB Wirtz, RA AF Dowell, FE Parker, AG Benedict, MQ Robinson, AS Broce, AB Wirtz, RA TI Sex separation of tsetse fly pupae using near-infrared spectroscopy SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sexing; Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; near-infrared spectroscopy; sterile insect technique; Musca; Cochliomyia; Stomoxys ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; GLOSSINA-AUSTENI; WHEAT KERNELS; DIPTERA; ERADICATION; REFLECTANCE; MALES; FLIES AB Implementation of the sterile insect technique for tsetse (Glossina spp.) requires that only sterile male insects be released; thus, at some stage of the fly production process the females have to be removed. A further constraint in the use of the sterile insect technique for tsetse is that the females are needed for colony production and hence, a non-destructive method of sex separation is required. In most tsetse sterile insect technique programmes thus far, females have been eliminated from the released material by hand-separation of chilled adults. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, significant differences have been found between the spectra for the pupae of male and female G. pallidipes Austen. Significantly, the differences appear to be maximized 4-5 days before emergence of the adults. Tsetse fly pupae up to five days before emergence can be sexed with accuracies that generally range from 80 to 100%. This system, when refined, will enable effective separation of male and female pupae to be carried out, with emerged females being returned to the colony and males being irradiated and released. If separation can be achieved five days before emergence, this will also enable irradiated male pupae to be shipped to other destinations as required. Other Diptera were evaluated using this system but had lower classification accuracies of 50-74%. This may be due to the difference in reproductive physiology between these different fly groups. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. FAO, IAEA, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Entomol Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM fdowell@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1079/BER2004357 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 935WD UT WOS:000229813200008 PM 15960879 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Schluter, G Schaible, G Mishra, A Hallahan, C AF Kim, CS Schluter, G Schaible, G Mishra, A Hallahan, C TI A decomposed negative binomial model of structural change: A theoretical and empirical application to US agriculture SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; TECHNICAL CHANGE; LABOR AB We developed a single-equation decomposed negative binomial regression model (NBRM) of the U S. farm sector to simultaneously evaluate structural changes in the US. agricultural sector and the strength of several economic forces that influenced the changes in farm structure during the 1960-96 period. We found all these forces reinforced economic incentives to increase the size and decrease the number of small farms. Only agricultural programs and machinery prices countered these forces. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ckim@ers.usda.gov OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD JUN-SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.00396.x PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 950JT UT WOS:000230854100004 ER PT J AU Johnston, RJ Besedin, EY Iovanna, R Miller, CJ Wardwell, RF Ranson, MH AF Johnston, RJ Besedin, EY Iovanna, R Miller, CJ Wardwell, RF Ranson, MH TI Systematic variation in willingness to pay for aquatic resource improvements and implications for benefit transfer: a meta-analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS; WATER-QUALITY; VALUES; MARKET; EXISTENCE; VALIDITY; RIVERS AB Researchers are increasingly considering benefit transfer approaches that allow welfare measures to be adjusted for characteristics of the policy context. The validity and reliability of such adjustments, however, depends on the presence of systematic variation in underlying WTP This paper describes a meta-analysis conducted to identify systematic components of WTP for aquatic resource improvements. Model results reveal systematic patterns in WTP unapparent from stated preference models considered in isolation, and suggest that observable attributes account for a substantial proportion of the variance in WTP estimates across studies. The analysis also exposes challenges faced in development, estimation, and interpretation of meta-models for benefit transfer and welfare guidance. These challenges remain salient even in cases where the statistical performance of meta-models is satisfactory. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Environm Trade & Agr Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, Washington, DC USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnston, RJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant Off, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM robert.johnston@uconn.edu; elena_besedin@abtassoc.com; iovanna.rich@epamail.epa.gov; chrismiller@fs.fed.us; ryan.wardwell.2006@marshall.usc.edu; matthew_ranson@abtassoc.com NR 59 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD JUN-SEP PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.04018.x PG 28 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 950JT UT WOS:000230854100007 ER PT J AU Yen, JT Ford, JJ Klindt, J AF Yen, JT Ford, JJ Klindt, J TI Effect of supplemental copper proteinate on reproductive performance of first- and second-parity sows SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copper proteinate; reproductive performance; sows ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; MEDIAN-EMINENCE EXPLANTS; CHELATED COPPER; STIMULATION; LACTATION; SECRETION; LH AB The effects of copper supplementation in the form of copper proteinate (CuP) on sow reproductive performance were determined. In Trial 1, 140 parity-1 and parity-2 sows received basal (B) or CuP treatment from day 108 of gestation through day 14 after weaning. Each CuP-fed sow received daily 40 g dried molasses that contained 0.32% CuP, which supplied 14 mg d(-1) Cu as CuP; B-fed sows received no dried molasses. After weaning, sows were housed in large breeding pens (3.6 m x 6.6 m). Weaning-to-estrus interval was shorter (P < 0.05) and percentage bred by day 7 postweaning was greater (P < 0.05) for CuP-fed than for B-fed sows. Trials 2 and 3 used 110 and 56 parity-1 sows, respectively. Treatments (40 g of dried molasses, 13, or 40 g of CuP-supplemented dried molasses, which provided 14 mg d-1 Cu) were administered from day of farrowing to day 7 postweaning. Weaned sows were housed in small breeding pens (2.4 rn x 3.6 m) in Trial 2, and in large pens (the same as used in Trial 1) in Trial 3. No treatment differences (P >= 0.48) were detected in Trial 2. In Trial 3, CuP supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.09) percentage of sows bred by day 7 postweaning. In conclusion, supplemental Cu as CuP fed to sows housed in large breeding pens can increase the percentage bred by day 7 postweaning. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Klindt, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM klindt@email.marc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 950HT UT WOS:000230848900010 ER PT J AU Wong, BL Staats, LJ Burfeind, AS Baggett, KL Rye, AH AF Wong, BL Staats, LJ Burfeind, AS Baggett, KL Rye, AH TI Carbohydrate reserves in Acer saccharum trees damaged during the January 1998 ice storm in northern New York SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE starch; sucrose; glucose; fructose; raffinose; stachyose ID SUGAR MAPLE; COLD-ACCLIMATION; EPICORMIC SHOOTS; STRESS; STARCH; PATTERNS; BRANCHES; DIEBACK; DECLINE; GROWTH AB To assess the effect of the ice storm of January 1998 on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) tree health, starch, and soluble sugars in twigs from two damaged sugarbushes (younger: trees 50-100 years old, and older: trees approximately 200 years old) in northern New York were measured throughout the leafless phase (September 1998 - May 1999). Trees severely damaged by the ice storm exhibited signs of recovery during the first growth season (1998), that is, greater numbers of lateral (epicormic) shoots and increased wood production in the current year growth ring of branches at mid-crown, and high concentrations of starch in the twigs at the time of leaf drop. Differences in reserve and soluble sugar profiles between damaged and slightly damaged or undamaged sugar maple trees and between trees of the older sugarbush and those of the younger sugarbush indicate changes in cold season physiology of damaged trees in adapting to or tolerating cold temperature. In damaged trees of the younger and older sugarbushes, the profiles of sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, and xylose were similar to those of corresponding slightly damaged or undamaged trees throughout the cold season, except for late winter sucrose, glucose, and fructose profiles, which exhibited differences in concentration and profile configurations compared with respective slightly damaged or undamaged trees. A lower concentration of sucrose in damaged older tree wood tissue after dehardening in late winter and a lower concentration of "resynthesized" starch just prior to vernal growth were observed. The data indicate that the profiles of individual sugars can provide information on changes in physiological and biochemical processes in damaged trees during the cold season. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Uihlein Sugar Maple Field Stn, Lake Placid, NY 12946 USA. RP Wong, BL (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM ebwongfs@att.net NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1139/B05-041 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 957ZE UT WOS:000231411300012 ER PT J AU Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM AF Brazner, JC Tanner, DK Detenbeck, NE Batterman, SL Stark, SL Jagger, LA Snarski, VM TI Regional, watershed, and site-specific environmental influences on fish assemblage structure and function in western Lake Superior tributaries SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; STREAM FISHES; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; QUALITY; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB The relative importance of regional, watershed, and in-stream environmental factors on fish assemblage structure and function was investigated in western Lake Superior tributaries. We selected 48 second- and third-order watersheds from two hydrogeomorphic regions to examine fish assemblage response to differences in forest fragmentation, watershed storage, and a number of other watershed, riparian, and in-stream habitat conditions. Although a variety of regional, fragmentation, and storage-related factors had significant influences on the fish assemblages, water temperature appeared to be the single most important environmental factor. We found lower water temperatures and trout-sculpin assemblages at lower fragmentation sites and higher temperatures and minnow-sucker-darter assemblages as storage increased. Factors related to riparian shading and flow separated brook trout streams from brown trout (Salmo trutta) - rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) streams. Functionally, fish assemblages at lower fragmentation sites were dominated by cold-water fishes that had low silt tolerance and preferred moderate current speeds, while fishes with higher silt tolerances, warmer temperature preferences, and weaker sustained swimming capabilities were most common at higher storage sites. Our results suggest that site-specific environmental conditions are highly dependent on regional- and watershed-scale characters and that a combination of these factors operates in concert to influence the structure and function of stream fish assemblages. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA USA. RP Brazner, JC (reprint author), 29 Powers Dr, Herring Cove, NS B3V 1G6, Canada. EM johnbrazner@eastlink.ca NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1270 DI 10.1139/F05-031 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Oliver, W Powers, R AF Zhang, JW Oliver, W Powers, R TI Long-term effects of thinning and fertilization on growth of red fir in northeastern California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; FORESTS; QUALITY; INDEX AB To determine the impact of fertilization and thinning on growth and development of red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) stands, we established an experiment in a 60-year-old stand using a 2 X 3 factorial design with nitrogen-fertilized and nonfertilized treatments and three stocking levels. Plots were established in 1976 and were measured every 5 years for 26 years. The periodic annual increment in basal area was 97%, 51%, 38%, and 33% greater in fertilized trees than in nonfertilized trees during the first, second, third, and fourth 5-year periods, respectively. After 20 years, annual basal area increment was greater in nonfertilized trees. The response of annual volume increment to fertilization was not statistically significant until the fourth period. Yet, volume increases of the fertilized plots were 25%-92% greater than those of the nonfertilized plots from 1976 to 1996. Similarly, basal area increment was greater in lightly thinned plots than in unthinned plots from the second period on, until heavy mortality during 1996-2002. Basal area increment was greater in the heavily thinned plots from the fourth period on. Results indicate that red fir can respond to fertilization and thinning quickly and that both treatments speed stand development. In addition, fertilization increases the stand's carrying capacity. Therefore, forest managers can use these silvicultural practices to improve stand growth, to reduce fire fuels, and to accelerate stand development. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1139/X05-048 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900003 ER PT J AU Auclair, AND AF Auclair, AND TI Patterns and general characteristics of severe forest dieback from 1950 to 1995 in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOODS; RED SPRUCE; DECLINE; DETERIORATION; DISTURBANCE; MORTALITY; CANADA; GROWTH; GAPS; USA AB US national and state forest insect and disease surveys provide plentiful information on forest dieback. These data, however, have not been quantified and analyzed systematically to address outstanding questions on the etiology of dieback. This study quantified long-term (1950-1995) trends in the severity of dieback on Acer saccharum Marsh., Fraxinus spp., Betula spp., and Picea rubens Sarg. in US northern hardwoods. A numeric index (0-10 scale) of the severity and extent of dieback was applied using key words frequently found in the surveys. The 18 episodes identified showed considerable variability among species at the local scale, yet systematic, repetitive patterns of dieback at the scale of the region and multidecadal time frame. Six dieback characteristics were evident: episodes showed abrupt onset and subsidence, endured 13.6 years on average, were cyclical, with a frequency of 22.3 years between recurrence, and averaged about two-thirds of maximum possible severity. In contrast to the perception that dieback is happenstance and chaotic, this study supports the hypothesis that, by addressing issues of spatial scale and long-term population dynamics, coherent, generic patterns emerge that are cyclic and predictable. Limitations and advantages of the approaches were discussed in terms of meeting needs of the US Forest Health Monitoring Program for innovative approaches to the analysis of the voluminous field data being assembled nationwide. By developing a quantitative database, environmental correlation and modeling of dieback now become possible. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Auclair, AND (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM allan.auclair@aphis.usda.gov NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1342 EP 1355 DI 10.1139/x05-066 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900009 ER PT J AU Pecot, SD Horsley, SB Battaglia, MA Mitchell, RJ AF Pecot, SD Horsley, SB Battaglia, MA Mitchell, RJ TI The influence of canopy, sky condition, and solar angle on light quality in a longleaf pine woodland SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FAR-RED RATIO; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM L; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; NATURAL-ENVIRONMENT; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION; STEM EXTENSION; TREE SEEDLINGS; PLANT CANOPIES; BOREAL FORESTS; FLUENCE RATE AB Light transmittance estimates under open, heterogeneous woodland canopies such as those of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests report high spatial and temporal variation in the quantity of the light environment. In addition, light quality, that is, the ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR), regulates important aspects of plant development including stem extension, specific leaf area, and seed germination. We conducted two experiments to document sources of variation in R:FR (using a LI-COR 1800 portable spectroradiometer with a cosine-corrected light sensor) in a 70- to 90-year-old natural longleaf pine woodland in southwest Georgia, USA. The first experiment compared instantaneous measurements of R:FR over a 3-day period (March) with annual estimates of canopy transmittance (using gallium arsenide phosphide photodiodes) across the range of observed overstory abundance. The second experiment examined the effect of wiregrass cover (above or below), sky condition (blue sky or overcast), and solar angle (four sampling periods between October and March) on R:FR using a multifactorial repeated measures design. We found that (1) R:FR was significantly (p < 0.0001) and strongly (R-2 = 0.72) related to annual estimates of canopy transmittance (percent photosynthetic photon flux density, %PPFD); (2) R:FR and %PPFD showed significant negative relationships with increasing overstory stocking (R-2 = 0.20, p = 0.028 for R:FR, and R-2 = 0.87, p < 0.0001 for %PPFD); and (3) R:FR decreased with increasing solar angle from maximum zenith for the study site under blue skies, was greater under overcast skies (0.84 blue sky vs. 1.18 overcast sky), and decreased under wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.) canopies (1.10 above vs. 0.98 below). C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn Forest Sci Lab, Warren, PA 16329 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forest Rangeland & Water Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pecot, SD (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM specot@jonesctr.org NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1356 EP 1366 DI 10.1139/x05-069 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900010 ER PT J AU Elvir, JA Rustad, L Wiersma, GB Fernandez, I White, AS White, GJ AF Elvir, JA Rustad, L Wiersma, GB Fernandez, I White, AS White, GJ TI Eleven-year response of foliar chemistry to chronic nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NORWAY SPRUCE; SUGAR MAPLE; NEW-YORK; SOIL; DEPOSITION; DECLINE; SATURATION; BBWM; TEMPERATE AB The foliar chemistry of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) was studied from 1993 to 2003 at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). The BBWM is a paired-watershed forest ecosystem study, with one watershed treated bimonthly since 1989 with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4) at a rate of 25.2 kg N center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1). Foliar N concentrations were higher in all tree species within the treated watershed compared with trees within the reference watershed. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were lower in American beech and red spruce within the treated watershed. There were no significant differences in foliar K concentrations between watersheds. Foliar P and Mn concentration differences between watersheds were inconsistent among years. Differences in foliar N concentrations between watersheds declined over time in sugar maple but not in red spruce or American beech. Differences in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations between the treated and reference watersheds increased over time for American beech and red spruce, primarily because of a consistent decline in concentrations of these nutrients in trees within the treated watershed. No temporal trends in foliar Ca and Mg concentration differences between watersheds were observed for sugar maple. C1 Escuela Nacl Ciencias Foreztales, Siguatepeque, Comayaguna, Honduras. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Elvir, JA (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Foreztales, Apartado Postal 2, Siguatepeque, Comayaguna, Honduras. EM alexit98@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1410 DI 10.1139/X05-072 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900014 ER PT J AU Lewis, KJ Thompson, RD Trummer, L AF Lewis, KJ Thompson, RD Trummer, L TI Growth response of spruce infected by Inonotus tomentosus in Alaska and interactions with spruce beetle SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE; DOUGLAS-FIR; ROT; REDUCTION; FORESTS; ONTARIO; CENTERS; SPREAD; PINE AB Thirty-eight trees from Alaska's Kenai Peninsula and 39 from the interior near Fairbanks (Delta Junction) were sampled by detailed stem dissections to determine the impact of tomentosus root disease [Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.: Fr.) S. Teng] on growth and decay volume in spruce, with and without the influence of past spruce beetle activity in stands. Disease severity was assessed by the number of primary roots (out of four) infected and by the average proportion of root cross-section area colonized by stain and (or) decay. Butt rot volumes were positively related to disease severity at both locations, but only the Delta Junction trees showed a significant negative relationship between relative volume increment and disease severity. Substantial mortality of spruce, caused by the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)), has occurred on the Kenai Peninsula since the late 1970s. Mortality of overstory spruce trees released surviving trees from competition, causing compensatory growth in healthy to moderately infected trees, which masked the effect of the root disease. We found that the magnitude of growth release was negatively related to disease severity and that the mean proportion of root cross-section with decay or stain was a better estimator of disease impact on tree growth. C1 Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. USDA, Forestry Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Lewis, KJ (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM lewis@unbc.ca NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1463 DI 10.1139/X05-081 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900018 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Poth, MA Terry, JD Blubaugh, TJ AF Fenn, ME Poth, MA Terry, JD Blubaugh, TJ TI Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in a mixed-conifer forest in southern California: controlling factors, fluxes, and nitrogen fertilization response at a high and low nitrogen deposition site SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOIL-NITROGEN; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; N DEPOSITION; NITRATE; ECOSYSTEM; GRADIENT; RATES AB Net fluxes of nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification were measured in situ on a monthly basis for 3 years at a high (HN) and low (LN) N deposition site in the San Bernardino Mountains, California. Mean N mineralization fluxes in the forest floor and top 10 cm of mineral soil were 19.0 and 59.8 kg N center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1) at LN and HN, respectively. Mean net nitrification fluxes were 11.2 and 55.9 kg N center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1) at LN and HN, respectively. Relative nitrification (the percent N mineralized that was nitrified) was generally lower under Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. (or Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) canopies than under Quercus kelloggii Newb. or open canopies. The rate of net N mineralization was the key factor for predicting the rate of net nitrification. Fertilization with 50 and 150 kg N center dot ha(-1) at LN significantly increased the rates of net mineralization and net nitrification. At HN fertilization had no significant effect on net nitrification. We conclude that at low-deposition sites increased nitrification occurs in the short term in response to added N, but that sustained elevated net nitrification is driven by the accumulation of N-enriched litter and soil organic matter in conjunction with chronic throughfall N deposition inputs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1464 EP 1486 DI 10.1139/X05-068 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900019 ER PT J AU Kromroy, KW Blanchette, RA Grigal, DF AF Kromroy, KW Blanchette, RA Grigal, DF TI Armillaria species on small woody plants, small woody debris, and root fragments in red pine stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; NORTH-AMERICA; DISEASE; FOREST; OSTOYAE; LUTEOBUBALINA; MELLEA; ROT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MANAGEMENT AB The incidence of Armillaria on small woody plants, small woody debris, and root fragments was estimated in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands in northeastern Minnesota. Soil core samples 10 cm in diameter, and extending to a depth of either 16 or 25 cm, were collected from 13 stands belonging to three age-classes. Half of the youngest stands had been treated using herbicide. Mycelial fans or rhizomorphs of Armillaria were observed on 13% of the small woody plants and isolated from 8% of them. Including small woody debris and root fragments, 38% of 0-16 cm deep samples had Armillaria. Armillaria was observed on 3% and isolated from 1% of individual substrate units from 0 to 25 cm deep samples. Within a single stand, 0%-67% of the samples and 0%-9% of the individual units had evidence of Armillaria. All but one isolate were Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink. Herbicide-treated and untreated red pine stands had similar Armillaria incidence, and there was a trend of incidence inversely related to stand age-class. Large numbers of small woody plants, woody debris, and root fragments were found in red pine stands; varying percentages of these substrates were contributing to the survival of Armillaria and could also be serving as sources of root disease inoculum. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kromroy, KW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kkromroy@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1495 DI 10.1139/X05-067 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900020 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Cartwright, C AF Johnson, GR Cartwright, C TI Genotype x shade effects for western hemlock SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; LIGHT QUALITY; FORESTS; GROWTH AB Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) families were grown under different levels of shade for 2 or 3 years at two nursery sites to determine whether families performed differently relative to one another in the different shade environments. Differences were found both for levels of shade and families, but no family x shade interaction was found. Results suggest that families selected in full-sun environments (clearcuts or farm fields) may be well suited for use in silvicultural systems where seedlings are planted in understory conditions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. British Columbia Minist Forests, Cowichan Lake Res Stn, Mesachie Lake, BC V0R 2N0, Canada. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM randyjohnson@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1501 DI 10.1139/X05-061 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900021 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Bi, HQ Gove, JH Heath, LS AF Zhang, LJ Bi, HQ Gove, JH Heath, LS TI A comparison of alternative methods for estimating the self-thinning boundary line SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIP; -3/2 POWER RULE; REGRESSION QUANTILES; STAND STRUCTURE; BODY SIZE; FRONTIER; PLANTATIONS; PINE; MONOCULTURES; MECHANISMS AB The fundamental validity of the self-thinning "law" has been debated over the last three decades. A long-standing concern centers on how to objectively select data points for fitting the self-thinning line and the most appropriate regression method for estimating the two coefficients. Using data from an even-aged Pinus strobus L. stand as an example, we show that quantile regression (QR), deterministic frontier function (DFF), and stochastic frontier function (SFF) methods have the potential to produce an upper limiting boundary line above all plots for the maximum size-density relationship, without subjectively selecting a subset of data points based on predefined criteria. On the other hand, ordinary least squares (OLS), corrected ordinary least squares (COLS), and reduced major axis (RMA) methods are sensitive to the data selected for model fitting and may produce self-thinning lines with inappropriate slopes. However, statistical inference is very difficult with the DFF and QR methods. Although SFF produces a self-thinning line lower than the upper limiting boundary line because of the nature of the method, it can easily produce the statistics for inference on the model coefficients, given that there are no significant departures from underlying distributional assumptions. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. State Forest New S Wales, Div Res & Dev, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM lizhang@esf.edu NR 56 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1514 DI 10.1139/X05-070 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 960MX UT WOS:000231598900023 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM DebRoy, C Strobaugh, TP Chen, CY AF Fratamico, PM DebRoy, C Strobaugh, TP Chen, CY TI DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli O103O antigen gene cluster and detection of enterohemorrhagic E-coli O103 by PCR amplification of the wzx and wzy genes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE real-time polymerase chain reaction; E. coli typing; E. coli O103; O antigen DNA sequence ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; O-ANTIGEN; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; O111; O26; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS; GERMANY AB Escherichia coli serogroup O103 has been associated with gastrointestinal illness and hemolytic uremic syndrome. To develop PCR-based methods for detection and identification of this serogroup, the DNA sequence of the 12 033-bp region containing the O antigen gene cluster of Escherichia coli O103 was determined. Of the 12 open reading frames identified, the E. coli O103 wzx (O antigen flippase) and wzy (O antigen polymerase) genes were selected as targets for development of both conventional and real-time PCR assays specific for this serogroup. In addition, a multiplex PCR targeting the Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 (stx(1)), Shiga toxin 2 (stx(2)), wzx, and wzy genes was developed to differentiate Stx-producing E. coli O103 from non-toxigenic strains. The PCR assays can be employed to identify E. coli serogroup O103, replacing antigen-based serotyping, and to potentially detect the organism in food, fecal, or environmental samples. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Penn State Univ, Gastroenter Dis Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pfratamico@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1139/W05-049 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 958SA UT WOS:000231466800013 PM 16121232 ER PT J AU Roth, MJ Paltoo, DN Albert, PS Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tangrea, J Taylor, PR AF Roth, MJ Paltoo, DN Albert, PS Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tangrea, J Taylor, PR TI Common leptin receptor polymorphisms do not modify the effect of alcohol ingestion on serum leptin levels in a controlled feeding and alcohol ingestion study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROSTATE-CANCER; OBESITY; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; INSULIN; DIET AB We explored whether serum leptin response to alcohol ingestion was related to common leptin receptor gene polymorphisms, K109R (Lys(109)Arg), Q223R (Gln(223)Arg), S343S [Ser(T)(343)Ser(C)], and K656N (Lys(656)Asn), of reported physiologic significance during a controlled intervention. Fifty-three participants rotated through three 8-week treatment periods and consumed 0, 15 (equivalent to one drink), or 30 g (equivalent to two drinks) of alcohol (95% ethanol in 12 ounces of orange juice) per day, in random order. During the controlled feeding periods, all food and beverages including alcoholic beverages were prepared and supplied by the staff of the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center's Human Study Facility (Beltsville, MD), and energy intake was adjusted to maintain a constant weight. Blood was collected after an overnight fast on 3 separate days during the last week of each controlled feeding period and pooled for hormone analysis. Circulating serum leptin concentration was measured in duplicate by RIA and genotype analysis was done on DNA extracted from WBC using real-time PCR analysis amplification (TaqMan). Linear mixed models with a single random intercept reflecting a participant effect were used to estimate changes in serum leptin levels at 15 and 30 g of alcohol per day relative to 0 g of alcohol per day. No significant effects were found between common leptin receptor polymorphisms and serum leptin levels (P >= 0.26). C1 NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Clin & Mol Med Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roth, MJ (reprint author), NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Suite 705,MSC 8314, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mr166i@nih.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1576 EP 1578 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0008 PG 3 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 935GB UT WOS:000229766600043 PM 15941977 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Bannantine, JP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Bannantine, JP Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Andersen, P McNair, J Pollock, JM Lyashchenko, KP TI Antibody responses in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) infected with Mycobactetium bovis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; CROSS-REACTIVITY; SERUM ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN MPB70; TUBERCULOSIS AB Despite having a very low incidence of disease, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are subject to tuberculosis (TB) testing requirements for interstate shipment and herd accreditation in the United States. Improved TB tests are desperately needed, as many reindeer are falsely classified as reactors by current testing procedures. Sera collected sequentially from 11 (experimentally) Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer and 4 noninfected reindeer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for antibody specific to M. bovis antigens. Specific antibody was detected as early as 4 weeks after challenge with M. bovis. By MAPIA, sera were tested with 12 native and recombinant antigens, which were used to coat nitrocellulose. All M. bovis-infected reindeer developed responses to MPB83 and a fusion protein, Acrl/MPB83, and 9/11 had responses to MPB70. Other antigens less commonly recognized included MPB59, ESAT-6, and CFPIO. Administration of purified protein derivatives for skin testing boosted serum antibody responses, as detected by each of the assays. Of the noninfected reindeer, 2/4 had responses that were detectable immediately following skin testing, which correlated with pathological findings (i.e., presence of granullomatous lesions yet the absence of acid-fast bacteria). The levels of specific antibody produced by infected reindeer appeared to be associated with disease progression but not with cell-mediated immunity. These findings indicate that M. bovis infection of reindeer elicits an antibody response to multiple antigens that can be boosted by skin testing. Serological tests using carefully selected specific antigens have potential for early detection of infections in reindeer. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY USA. Vet Sci Div, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.6.727-735.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AO UT WOS:000231197200007 PM 15939747 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM McGuire, TC Hotzel, I Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM McGuire, TC Hotzel, I Lewis, GS Knowles, DP TI Surface envelope glycoprotein is B-lymphocyte immunodominant in sheep naturally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; EPITOPES; GOATS; REACTIVITY; LENTIVIRUS AB The B-lymphocyte-immunodominant antigen involved in naturally ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV)-infected mature sheep remains unknown. Therefore, the amount of antibody in sera from 10 naturally OPPV-infected sheep was evaluated by immunoprecipitation (IP) of the major viral proteins in [S-35] methionine/cysteine-labeled OPPV (whole virus) lysate. Using an excess of OPPV proteins in whole-virus lysate, 8 out of 10 sheep had the highest serum antibody IP endpoint titers to the gp135 surface envelope glycoprotein (SU). Also, 2 out of 10 sheep had equivalent serum antibody IP endpoint titers to the transmembrane glycoprotein oligomer (TM90) and SU. Since these data indicate that SU is the immunodominant protein in most mature sheep persistently infected with OPPV, SU-specific diagnostic serological assays can be utilized for OPPV diagnosis. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Dept Agr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Iherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 797 EP 800 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.6.797-800.2005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AO UT WOS:000231197200017 PM 15939757 ER PT J AU Blodgett, S Ivie, MA Majerus, M AF Blodgett, S Ivie, MA Majerus, M TI First larval host record for Megacyllene angulifera (Casey) (Cerambyeidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, NRCS, Bridger Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. RP Blodgett, S (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM blodgett@montana.edu; mivie@montana.edu; mark.majerus@mt.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0258:FLHRFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 953AL UT WOS:000231047700012 ER PT J AU Mahroof, R Zhu, KY Neven, L Subramanyam, B Bai, JF AF Mahroof, R Zhu, KY Neven, L Subramanyam, B Bai, JF TI Expression patterns of three heat shock protein 70 genes among developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental stages; gene expression; heat stress; heat shock proteins; Hsp 70 genes; red flour beetle; thermotolerance; Tribolium castaneum ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STRESS-PROTEINS; HSP70 GENE; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; PROTHORACIC GLAND; MESSENGER-RNA; FLESH FLY; FAMILY; THERMOTOLERANCE AB Three genes were identified encoding heat shock protein 70's in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and they were tentatively named as tchsp70 I, tchsc70 II, and tchsp70 III. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of tchsp70 I and tchsc70 II showed 99% identity. However, the amino acid sequence of tchsp70 III was only 58.5% identical to those of tchsp70 I and tchsc70 II. Stage-specific expression patterns of the tchsp70 were investigated in young larvae, old larvae, pupae, and adults of T castaneum exposed for 1 h to 23 degrees C (control) or 40 degrees C (heat-shock). Northern blot and real-time quantitative PCR analyses were carried out to determine mRNA levels in each life stage. Transcripts of all three genes were detected by Northern blotting, and the sizes were 2.4- 2.2-, and 2.3-kb for tchsp70 1, tchsc70 H, and tchsp70 III, respectively. A 1.1- to 2.0-fold increased expression of tchsp70 I mRNA was found in heat-shocked developmental stages compared with the control. The expression of tchsp70 II mRNA among developmental stages was similar between heat-shocked and control insects, and the expression of tchsp70 X mRNA varied among developmental stages. Results suggest that the expression of tchsp70 I gene is heat-inducible, tchsc70 II is constitutive, and tchsp70 X is developmentally regulated in T castaneum. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Subramanyam, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sbhadrir@ksu.edu NR 53 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 141 IS 2 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.05.044 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 952HD UT WOS:000230993700016 PM 15979913 ER PT J AU Schweik, CM Stepanov, A Grove, JM AF Schweik, CM Stepanov, A Grove, JM TI The open research system: a web-based metadata and data repository for collaborative research SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Forestry Congress CY SEP 21-28, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE group collaboration; metadata management; online database; open source; open content licensing ID COMPUTER-NETWORKS; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; SCIENCE AB Beginning in 1999, a web-based metadata and data repository we call the "open research system" (ORS) was designed and built to assist geographically distributed scientific research teams. The purpose of this innovation was to promote the open sharing of data within and across organizational lines and across geographic distances. As the use of the system continued, end users and group administrators requested the development of a second, Intranet-based system with similar functionality. After three years of operation, a survey was conducted of users of the system to understand why some users and research groups appeared to utilize the two systems more than others. From this research we found that some barriers to use include: (1) mismatch of system functionality to user or group needs; (2) willingness to share with an internal group by Intranet but not with the world by Internet; and (3) resistance to entering metadata because of workplace habits. This experience has also taught us that with respect to web-based metadata and data repositories there is a difference between long-term and short-term research projects in their need to establish good metadata and data storage procedures. Moreover, some time is required for researchers to change from short-term to long-term project thinking. It is also important for organizations or managers of such research groups to reflect on established incentives and penalties that either encourage or discourage appropriate use of metadata in filing procedures. We conclude with a discussion of possible improvements that will be made to the system in the coming years, with an emphasis on the emerging phenomenon of "open content" (OC) collaboration that is being modeled after Internet-based collaboration in "open source" (OS) programming. This development will require online systems like ORS, and the OS/OC approach has the potential to evolve into no less than a new paradigm for how cross-organizational (in fact, global) scientific research collaborations are undertaken in the future. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Publ Policy & Adm, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Schweik, CM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 217 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cschweik@pubpol.umass.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 221 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2004.12.006 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 930EV UT WOS:000229399500005 ER PT J AU Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Stewart, SI AF Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Stewart, SI TI Rural and suburban sprawl in the US Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and its relation to forest fragmentation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; development; forest fragmentation; housing growth; sprawl; US census ID UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS AB Housing growth and its environmental effects pose major conservation challenges. We sought to (1) quantify spatial and temporal patterns of housing growth across the US. Midwest from 1940-2000, (2) identify ecoregions strongly affected by housing growth, (3) assess the extent to which forests occur near housing, and (4) relate housing to forest fragmentation. We used data front the 2000 U.S. Census to derive fine-scale backcasts of decadal housing density. Housing data were integrated with a 30-m resolution US. Geological Survey land cover classification. The number of housing units in the Midwest grew by 146% between 1940 and 2000. Spatially housing growth was particularly strong at the fringe of metropolitan areas (suburban sprawl) and in nonmetropolitan areas (rural sprawl) that are rich in natural amenities such as lakes and forests. The medium-density housing (4-32 housing units/km(2)) category increased most in area. Temporally, suburban housing growth was especially high in the post-World War 11 decades. Rural sprawl was highest in the 1970s and 1990s. The majority of midwestern forests either contained or were near housing. Only 14.8% of the region's forests were in partial block groups with no housing. Housing density was negatively correlated with the a amount of interior forest. The widespread and pervasive nature of sprawl shown by our data is cause for conservation concern. Suburban sprawl has major environmental impacts on comparatively small areas because of the high number of housing units involved. In contrast, rural sprawl affects larger areas but with less intensity because associated housing densities are lower. The environmental effects per house, however, are likely higher it? the case of rural sprawl because it occurs in less-altered areas. Conservation efforts will need to address both types of sprawl to be successful. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Radeloff, VC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM radeloff@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 66 TC 133 Z9 143 U1 9 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 793 EP 805 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00387.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930WP UT WOS:000229448100031 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Dien, BS Cotta, MA AF Liu, SQ Dien, BS Cotta, MA TI Functional expression of bacterial Zymobacter palmae pyruvate decarboxylase gene in Lactococcus lactis SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; ACID BACTERIA; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; LACTOBACILLUS; PROMOTER; CLONING AB A pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) gene from bacterial Zymobacter palmae (Zymopdc) was cloned, characterized, and introduced into Lactococcus lactis via a shuttle vector pAK80 as part of a research strategy to develop an efficient ethanol-producing lactic acid bacteria ( LAB). The expression levels of Zymopdc gene in the host, as measured by a colorimetric assay based on PDC catalyzed formation of ( R)-phenylacetylcarbinol((R)-PAC), appeared to be dependent on the strength of corresponding Gram-positive promoters. A constitutive, highly expressed promoter conferred the greatest PDC activity, and an acid-inducible promoter demonstrated acid-inducible expression. The metabolic production of ethanol and other products was examined in flask fermentations. More than eightfold increases in acetaldehyde concentrations were detected in two recombinant strains. However, no detectable differences for ethanol fermentation in these engineered strains were observed compared with that of the strain carrying lacZ reporter. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lius@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4485-x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 942EI UT WOS:000230265300007 PM 15968504 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD TI Genetic characterization of the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthases of various Pseudomonas oleovorans strains SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-LENGTH POLY(HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE SYNTHASE; SEQUENCES; POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATES); IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; INSERTION; PROGRAMS; PROTEIN; BLAST AB We identified the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase ( PHAS) genes of three strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods. P. oleovorans NRRL B-14682 contains Class I PHA synthase gene ( phaC), NRRL B- 14683 harbors Class II phaC1 and phaC2 genes, and NRRL B- 778 contain both the Class I and II PHA synthase genes. Inverse-PCRand chromosomal walking techniques were employed to obtain the complete sequences of the Class I phaCs of NRRL B- 778 ( phbC(778); 1698 bps) and B- 14682 ( phbC(14682); 1899 bps). BLAST search indicated that these genes are new and had not been previously cloned. The gene product of phbC(778) ( i. e., PhbC(778); 566 amino acid residues) is homologous to the Class I PHA synthases of Pseudomonas sp. HJ-2 and Pseudomonas sp. strain 61-3, and that of phbC14682 (PhbC14682; 632 amino acids) is homologous to PHAS of Delftia acidovorans. The PhbC14682 contains an extra sequence of 33 amino acids in its conserved alpha/beta-hydrolase domain, making it only the second Class I PHA synthase found to contain this cellular proteolytic sequence. Consistent with their Pseudomonas origin, the codon-usage profiles of PhbC778 and PhbC14682 are similar to those of Pseudomonas Class II PHASs. These new Pseudomonas Class I phbC genes provide valuable addition to the gene pool for the construction of novel PHASs through gene shuffling. C1 USDA, ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4508-7 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 942EI UT WOS:000230265300008 PM 15968501 ER PT J AU Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Fried, JS Holcomb, SS McKeefry, JF AF Radeloff, VC Hammer, RB Stewart, SI Fried, JS Holcomb, SS McKeefry, JF TI The wildland-urban interface in the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; housing growth; urban sprawl; urbanization; wildfire; wildland fire; wildland-urban interface ID LAND-USE; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; NEW-ENGLAND; FOREST; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where houses meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation. The WUI is thus a focal area for human-environment conflicts, such as the destruction of homes by wildfires, habitat fragmentation, introduction of exotic species, and biodiversity decline. Our goal was to conduct a spatially detailed assessment of the WUI across the United States to provide a framework for scientific inquiries into housing growth effects on the environment and to inform both national policymakers and local land managers about the WUI and associated issues. The WUI in the conterminous United States covers 7 19 156 km(2) (9% of land area) and contains 44.8 million housing units (39% of all houses). WUI areas are particularly widespread in the eastern United States, reaching a maximum of 72% of land area in Connecticut. California has the highest number of WUI housing units (5.1 million). The extent of the WUI highlights the need for ecological principles in land-use planning as well as sprawl-limiting policies to adequately address both wildfire threats and conservation problems. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, FIA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Radeloff, VC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM radeloff@wise.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X NR 54 TC 386 Z9 403 U1 25 U2 181 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1890/04-1413 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QN UT WOS:000229723400002 ER PT J AU Xiao, XM Zhang, QY Hollinger, D Aber, J Moore, B AF Xiao, XM Zhang, QY Hollinger, D Aber, J Moore, B TI Modeling gross primary production of an evergreen needleleaf forest using modis and climate data SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; howland forest (Maine, USA); vegetation photosynthesis model ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION SENSOR DATA; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; MIDLATITUDE FOREST; SCALE OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPECTRAL INDEX AB Forest canopies are composed of photosynthetically active vegetation (PAV, chloroplasts) and nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV, e.g., cell wall, vein, branch). The fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the canopy (FAPAR) should be partitioned into FAPAR(PAV) and FAPAR(NPV). Gross primary production (GPP) of forests is affected by FAPAR(PAV). In this study we developed and validated a satellite-based vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM; GPP = epsilon(g) X FAPAP(PAV) X PAR) that incorporates improved vegetation indices derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradimeter (MODIS) sensor. Site-specific data from the CO, flux tower site (evergreen needleleaf forest) at Howland, Maine, USA, were used. The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) better correlated with the seasonal dynamics of GPP than did the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Simulations of the VPM model were conducted, using both daily and eight-day composites of MODIS images (500-m spatial resolution) and climate data (air temperature and PAR), respectively. Predicted GPP values in 2001 agree reasonably well with estimated GPP from the CO2 flux tower site. There were no significant differences in VPM-predicted GPP (from eight-day MODIS composites) among one pixel (similar to 500-m resolution), 3 X 3 pixel block (similar to 1.5-km resolution), and 5 X 5 pixel block (similar to 2.5-km resolution). The differences between VPM-predicted and observed GPP were smaller for simulations using eight-day MODIS composites than for simulations using daily MODIS images. The results of this study have shown the potential of MODIS data (both daily and eight-day composites) and the VPM model for quantifying seasonal and interannual variations of GPP of evergreen needleleaf forests. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Xiao, XM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM xiangming.xiao@unh.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 NR 53 TC 101 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 954 EP 969 DI 10.1890/04-0470 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QN UT WOS:000229723400014 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Center, TD Tipping, PW AF Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Center, TD Tipping, PW TI Herbivory alters resource allocation and compensation in the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; defoliation; invasive species; Myrtaceae; plant architecture; plant-insect interactions; reproduction; tolerance; top-down regulation ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; SOUTH FLORIDA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; PAPERBARK TREE; WEED-CONTROL; HOST-RANGE; PLANT; CURCULIONIDAE AB 1. Plants may compensate for the effects of herbivory, especially under favourable growing conditions, limited competition, and minimal top-down regulation. These conditions characterise many disturbed wetlands dominated by introduced plants, implying that exotic, invasive weeds in these systems should exhibit strong compensatory responses. 2. The Australian native Melaleuca quinquenervia is highly invasive in the Florida Everglades, U.S.A., where it experiences limited competition or herbivory from native species, making it a likely candidate for compensation. The introduced biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa feeds exclusively on the seasonal flushes of developing foliage at branch apices, which represents approximate to 15% of the total foliar biomass. 3. The hypothesis that M. quinquenervia compensates for folivory by O. vitiosa was tested in a series of field-based experiments. Trees experiencing folivory over four consecutive years maintained similar levels of foliar biomass after attack yet possessed twice the number of leaf-bearing terminal stems as undamaged trees. The biomass of these stems was similar among attacked and unattacked trees, indicating that herbivore-damaged trees produce greater quantities of smaller terminal branches. However, undamaged trees were 36 times more likely to reproduce than herbivore-damaged trees. 4. In a separate herbivore exclusion study, a single bout of herbivory on previously undamaged M. quinquenervia trees caused an 80% reduction in reproductive structures the following season. Herbivore-damaged trees also possessed 54% fewer fruits than undamaged trees. An increase in the herbivory frequency (two bouts per year) or magnitude (100% simulated herbivory) did not result in a further reduction in fitness. 5. It has been concluded that M. quinquenervia partially compensates for herbivory by producing new stems and replacing foliage, but this compensation results in a substantial reduction in reproduction. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM prattp@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00691.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 930PN UT WOS:000229428500009 ER PT J AU Seagle, SW Sturtevant, BR AF Seagle, SW Sturtevant, BR TI Forest productivity predicts invertebrate biomass and ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) reproduction in Appalachian landscapes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Plateau; bottom-up control; deciduous forest; food web structure; invertebrate biomass; ovenbird reproduction; ridge-and-valley province; site index; topography ID BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; TOP-DOWN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SITE QUALITY; FOOD WEBS; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; HERBIVORY; MOISTURE; FORCES AB Forest-floor detrital food webs are sustained by annual inputs of leaf fall. However, it is unknown whether this bottom-up effect extends to vertebrates feeding on the detrital food web. We hypothesized that reproductive success of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus L.) is a function of macroinvertebrate biomass within the detrital food web, and that both macroinvertebrate biomass and Ovenbird reproduction can be predicted from forest productivity (measured by site index). We found that across diverse topography within two physiographic provinces of the central Appalachian Mountains macroinvertebrate biomass is correlated with forest site index. Furthermore, Ovenbird reproduction is a significant, Positive function of both site index and macroinvertebrate biomass. We conclude that bottom-up effects of forest productivity propagate though the detrital food web to secondary/ tertiary vertebrate predators. Thus site productivity is an effective tool for predicting landscape-scale variation in avian productivity and the strength of bottom-up effects within the forest food web. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Seagle, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM seaglesw@appstate.edu NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1539 DI 10.1890/03-0770 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QQ UT WOS:000229723700017 ER PT J AU Scheller, RM Mladenoff, DJ Thomas, RC Sickley, TA AF Scheller, RM Mladenoff, DJ Thomas, RC Sickley, TA TI Simulating the effects of fire reintroduction versus continued fire absence on forest composition and landscape structure in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, northern Minnesota, USA SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Boundary Waters Canoe Area; fire suppression; fire reintroduction; range of natural variability; forest landscape simulation models; stochastic variation; red pine (Pinus resinosa); landscape structure ID CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SUPPRESSION; RESTORATION; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS; TEXTURE; ECOLOGY; REGIME; CARBON AB The Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) Wilderness of northern Minnesota, USA, ememplifies how fire management and natural disturbance determine forest composition and landscape structure at a broad scale. Historically, the BWCA (> 400,000 ha) was subject to crown fires with a mean rotation period of 50-100 y. Fires often overlapped, creating a mosaic of differently aged stands with many stands burning frequently or, alternatively, escaping fire for several centuries. The BWCA may never have reached a steady-state (defined as a stable landscape age-class structure). In the early 1900s, a diminished fire regime began creating a more demographically diverse forest, characterized by increasingly uneven-aged stands. Shade-tolerant species typical of the region began replacing the shade-in tolerant species that composed the fire-generated even-aged stands. Red pine (Pinus resinosa) stands are relatively uncommon in the BWCA today and are of special concern. The replacement of early-to-midsuccessional species is occurring at the scale of individual gaps, producing mixed-species multiaged forests. We used LANDIS, a spatially explicit forest landscape model, to investigate the long-term consequences of fire reintroduction or continuing fire absence on forest composition and landscape structure. Fire reintroduction was evaluated at three potential mean fire rotation periods (FRP): 50,100, and 300 y. Our model scenarios predict that if fire reintroduction mimics the natural fire regime (bracketed by FRP = 50 and 100 y), it will be most successful at preserving the original species composition and landscape structure, although jack pine (Pinus banksiana) may require special management. With limited fire reintroduction, all of the extant species are retained although species dominance and landscape structure will be substantially altered. If fire remains absent, many fire-dependent species will be lost as local dominants, including red pine. The landscape appears to be in a state of rapid change and a shift in management to promote fire may need to be implemented soon to prevent further deviation from historic, presettlement conditions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI 55744 USA. RP Scheller, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rmscheller@wisc.cdu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 396 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s10221-003-0087-2 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949QZ UT WOS:000230804500005 ER PT J AU Tcheslavskaia, KS Thorpe, KW Brewster, CC Sharov, AA Leonard, DS Reardon, RC Mastro, VC Sellers, P Roberts, EA AF Tcheslavskaia, KS Thorpe, KW Brewster, CC Sharov, AA Leonard, DS Reardon, RC Mastro, VC Sellers, P Roberts, EA TI Optimization of pheromone dosage for gypsy moth mating disruption SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae; pheromone; Hercon Disrupt (R) II plastic flakes; disparlure; dosage response; forest pest ID RACEMIC DISPARLURE; MICROENCAPSULATED DISPARLURE; FIELD-TESTS; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; SUCCESS; POPULATIONS; DENSITY AB The effect of aerial applications of the pheromone disparlure at varying dosages on mating disruption in low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations was determined in field plots in Virginia, USA during 2000 and 2002. Six dosages [0.15, 0.75, 3, 15, 37.5, and 75 g active ingredient (AI)/ha] of disparlure were tested during the 2-year study. A strongly positive dose-response relationship was observed between pheromone dosages and mating disruption, as measured by the reduction in male moth capture in pheromone-baited traps and mating successes of females. Dosages of pheromone 15 g AI/ha (15, 37.5, and 75 g AI/ha) reduced the mating success of females by > 99% and significantly reduced male moth catches in pheromone-baited traps compared to untreated plots. Pheromone dosages < 15 g AI/ha also reduced trap catch, but to a lesser extent than dosages 15 g AI/ha. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the lower dosage treatments (0.15, 0.75, and 3 g AI/ha) declined over time, so that by the end of the study, male moth catches in traps were significantly lower in plots treated with pheromone dosages 15 g AI/ha. The dosage of 75 g AI/ha was initially replaced by a dosage of 37.5 g AI/ha in the USDA Forest Service Slow-the-Spread (STS) of the Gypsy Moth management program, but the program is currently making the transition to a dosage of 15 g AI/ha. These changes in applied dosages have resulted in a reduction in the cost of gypsy moth mating disruption treatments. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. APHIS, USDA, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. RP Tcheslavskaia, KS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, 202 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ktchesla@vt.edu RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00266.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 929TR UT WOS:000229369800001 ER PT J AU Rao, S Alderman, SC Takeyasu, J Matson, B AF Rao, S Alderman, SC Takeyasu, J Matson, B TI The Botanophila-Epichloe association in cultivated Festuca in Oregon: evidence of simple fungivory SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Festuca rubra; fine fescue; exotic fungus; Epichloe festucae; fly-fungus interaction; choke disease; Oregon; Diptera; Anthomyiidae; Ascomycetes; Clavicipitaceae; Botanophila lobata ID GRASSES; TYPHINA; FLY; ORCHARDGRASS; ENDOPHYTES; SYMBIONTS; MUTUALISM; FUNGUS; CHOKE AB We investigated the Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)-Epichloe (Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae) interaction in cultivated Festuca spp. (fine fescue) in Oregon in western USA. Epichloe spp. are endophytic fungi of grasses in the subfamily Pooideae. They develop a felt-like stroma on the surface of grass culms and a dense mycelium within the culms that typically prevents seed head emergence. As a result, seed yields are suppressed, and hence the disease is known as choke. Studies of Epichloe spp. on wild grasses indicate that the fly-fungus interaction is an obligatory mutualism. During oviposition, Botanophila transfers Epichloe spermatia between stromata of opposite mating types, and the perithecia that develop after fungal fertilization serve as food for Botanophila larvae. In the current study, we surveyed 19 cultivated fields of Festuca spp. in Oregon, and observed choke caused by Epichloe festucae Leuchtmann, Schardl and Siegl in 10 of these. However, perithecia were observed in only four fields, and on only 1.0-2.6% of stromata. Perithecial development was also low, and rarely covered 50% of the stroma surface. Despite the absence or low frequency of fertilized stromata, Botanophila lobata Collin larvae were present in all choke-infested fields. Infestation levels ranged from 2.5 to 70.7%, based on an examination of 175-200 stromata from each field. Only eight (= 2%) of the 450 stromata with B. lobata had perithecia, and the greater majority of B. lobata larvae completed development and exited from unfertilized stromata. This is the first report of the B. lobata-E. festucae association in the USA, and of B. lobata larvae developing successfully on unfertilized Epichloe stromata. The average pupal weight (0.0032 g) did not differ significantly from pupae (0.0030 g) originating from larvae that had developed on fertilized stromata of E. typhina on Dactylis glomerata in a neighboring field. This result indicates that in cultivated fine fescue fields in Oregon, B. lobata forages on E. festucae, but fly development is not dependent on the fertilized stromata of Epichloe. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3017 ALS CSS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sujaya@oregonstate.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00309.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 929TR UT WOS:000229369800010 ER PT J AU Emery, MR Pierce, AR AF Emery, MR Pierce, AR TI Interrupting the telos: locating subsistence in contemporary US forests SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A LA English DT Article ID VALUES AB People continue to hunt, fish, trap, and gather for subsistence purposes in the contemporary United States. This fact has implications for forest policy, as suggested by an international convention on temperate and boreal forests, commonly known as the Montreal Process. Three canons of law provide a legal basis for subsistence activities by designated social groups in Alaska and Hawaii and by American Indians with treaty rights in the coterminous forty-eight states. A literature review also presents evidence of such practices by people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds throughout the nation. Teleological notions of development espoused by both neoliberal and Marxist scholars suggest that subsistence activities should not persist in a First World setting except as failures of the officially sanctioned economic system. However, alternative economic perspectives from peasant studies and economic geography offer a conceptual framework for viewing at least some subsistence activities as having a logic and values outside of, if articulated with, market structures. Meeting the Montreal Process goal of providing for subsistence use of forests will require research focused on local practices and terms of access to resources as well as their relationship to state and capital processes. We outline the basics of a research agenda on subsistence for an emerging First World political ecology. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Emery, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 705 Spear St,POB 968, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM memery@fs.fed.us; arp@sover.net NR 62 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 17 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0308-518X J9 ENVIRON PLANN A JI Environ. Plan. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 981 EP 993 DI 10.1068/a26263 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 946GW UT WOS:000230561400004 ER PT J AU Affleck, DLR Gregoire, TG Valentine, HT AF Affleck, DLR Gregoire, TG Valentine, HT TI Design unbiased estimation in line intersect sampling using segmented transects SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; design-unbiasedness; multiple intersections; transect configuration AB In many applications of line intersect sampling, transects consist of multiple, connected segments in a prescribed configuration. The relationship between the transect configuration and the selection probability of a population element is illustrated and a consistent sampling protocol, applicable to populations composed of arbitrarily shaped elements, is proposed. It is shown that this protocol obviates the arbitrary practice of treating multiple intersections of a single particle as independent probabilistic events and preserves the design-unbiasedness of Kaiser's ( 1983, Biometrics 39, 965-976) conditional and unconditional estimators, suitably generalized to segmented transect designs. The relative efficiency and utility of segmented transect designs are also discussed from a fixed population perspective. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Affleck, DLR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10651-005-1038-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 927YU UT WOS:000229239100002 ER PT J AU Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L Britz, SJ Sullivan, JH AF Gitz, DC Liu-Gitz, L Britz, SJ Sullivan, JH TI Ultraviolet-B effects on stomatal density, water-use efficiency, and stable carbon isotope discrimination in four glasshouse-grown soybean (Glyicine max) cultivars SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; stomata; UV-B; water-use efficiency ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; PINUS-TAEDA L.; UV-B; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; FIELD CONDITIONS; RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IRRADIANCE; PLANTS AB Interactions between UV-B radiation and drought stress have been studied but the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesized that UV-B radiation would improve water-use efficiency (WUE) by its effects on epidermal development, specifically stomatal density, and leaf gas exchange. Four lines of soybean (Glycine max: Essex, Williams, OX921, and OX922) were grown for 28 days in a glasshouse with and without supplemental UV-B radiation levels of 13 kJm(-2) biologically effective radiation. UV-B radiation increased phenolic content of leaves in all lines and reduced leaf area in all lines except Williams. Adaxial stomatal density was reduced in Essex, OX921, and OX922 but abaxial stomatal density was reduced only in OX922. Stomatal conductance was reduced in concert with stomatal density as was internal CO2 concentration (C-i). Instantaneous WUE was increased in Essex, Williams, and OX922. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed similar trends in long-term WUE, but these were only statistically significant in OX922. These results suggest that some soybean cultivars may respond to increased levels of UV-B by increasing WUE and that this response could be manifested through changes in stomatal development and functioning. Field studies are needed to test this hypothesis and to further evaluate the role of the K9 gene in this, response. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, BARC W, Alternate Crops & Systl Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gitz, DC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM dgitz@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.04.005 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 923EG UT WOS:000228891300010 ER PT J AU Gould, J Venette, R Winograd, D AF Gould, J Venette, R Winograd, D TI Effect of temperature on development and population parameters of Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copitarsia; degree-days; Noctuidae; temperature-dependent development ID DEVELOPMENT TIME; MODEL; ARTHROPODS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on survival, development, and reproduction of Copitarsia decolora. Both linear and nonlinear models were used to model temperature-dependent development and population growth for C. decolora reared on asparagus and artificial diet. We used @Risk Software to bootstrap model parameters so that variability in observations could be incorporated into model predictions. C. decolora eggs required approximate to 69 DD to complete development with a base temperature of 7.8 degrees C. C. decolora developed through four to six instars depending on temperature and food source. Development of larvae from neonate through prepupa required 341.4 DD above a base of 7.3 degrees C on asparagus, whereas 254.5 DD were needed on artificial diet, where the base temperature was 7.7 degrees C. Pupae required approximate to 236 DD (base temperature 8.2- 8.4 degrees C) to develop when reared on asparagus or artificial diet. Female moths laid significantly more eggs at 14.6 and 20.1 degrees C than at higher or lower temperatures. Survival of individuals to the adult stage increased from 71% at 9.7 degrees C to 93% at 24.9 degrees C. Survival fell off rapidly to 25% at 29.5 degrees C. The generation time was the shortest at 29.5 degrees C; however, only 25% of females survived to the adult stage, fecundity was low, and only 53% of the eggs hatched. The capacity for increase, r(c), was low at 9.7 degrees C, peaked at 25.7'C, and declined as temperature increased. We estimated that populations on asparagus would not develop at temperatures > 31.3 degrees C or < 6.9 degrees C. We show the importance of estimating a range of values for base temperature and degree-days by conducting a preliminary pathway analysis that incorporates the effect of temperature on egg hatch. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Survey Detect & Eradicat Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn Annex, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gould, J (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Survey Detect & Eradicat Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. EM Juli.R.Gould@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 548 EP 556 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400006 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Vazquez, A Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, PE Vazquez, A Epsky, ND Heath, RR TI Ammonia and carbon dioxide: Quantitation and electroantennogram responses of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; Tephritidae; electroantennogram; ammonia; carbon dioxide ID FLIES DIPTERA; BACTROCERA-TRYONI; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; PLANT VOLATILES; APPLE MAGGOT; LURES; TRAP; ATTRACTIVENESS; HYDROLYSATE AB A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method was developed to quantify ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to facilitate accurate determination of antennal sensitivity of adult Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to these compounds. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were made from antennae of flies that were exposed to known quantities of each of the pure gases and to mixtures of these gases. EAG response to volumetric dilutions of saturated vapor from a commercially available ammonium bicarbonate lure was determined, and FTIR analysis was used to measure the amount of NH3 and CO2 in the samples. Maximal EAG responses were elicited with doses >= 24 mu g NH3 and >= 57 mu g CO2. Mean female response was greater than male response to substrates that included CO2. For both sexes, EAG response to NH3 was greater than response to COD When NH3 and CO2 were combined either as a mixture of pure gases or as vapor emitted from the lure, the EAG response was approximately equal to the sum of the individual responses to the two compounds. A polynomial regression was the best fit for describing antennal response to ammonia, carbon dioxide, and mixtures of these chemicals whether obtained from pure gas sources or from commercial lures. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Rheath@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 569 EP 575 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400009 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Mateo, DM Puche, H Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Mateo, DM Puche, H Epsky, ND Heath, RR TI Effect of age on EAG response and attraction of female Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera : Tephritidae) to ammonia and carbon dioxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; electroantennogram; ammonia; carbon dioxide; synthetic attractants ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; BACTROCERA-TRYONI; FOOD; FLY; VOLATILES; TRAP AB Current ammonia-based lures vary considerably in their ability to attract Anastrepha fruit flies in the field. This report presents results from electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral bioassays that examined the effect of age on fly response to ammonia and carbon dioxide, two volatile chemicals released from commercial ammonium bicarbonate lures. EAG measurements from female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), showed that ammonia generated a greater EAG response in sexually immature females compared with mature females. Conversely, carbon dioxide elicited stronger EAG responses in sexually mature females. In flight tunnel bioassays, females from both age groups were captured in response to ammonia ranging from 60 to 3840 mu g/h, but captures declined with increasing ammonia concentration. In bioassays with the two highest ammonia release rates, captures of immature females were significantly lower than captures of mature females. Carbon dioxide, ranging from 300 to 7200 mu g/h, did not capture any flies when presented alone in the flight tunnel bioassay. However, for sexually mature flies, carbon dioxide in combination with ammonia was more attractive than ammonia alone. These age-related differences in response to ammonia and carbon dioxide may account for some of the variability observed in field tests with ammonium bicarbonate lures. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM pkendra@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 584 EP 590 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400011 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Borden, JH Lindgren, BS AF Miller, DR Borden, JH Lindgren, BS TI Dose-dependent pheromone responses of Ips pini, Orthotomicus latidens (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), and associates in stands of lodgepole pine SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ips pini; Orthotomicus latidens; ipsenol; ipsdienol; lanierone ID PITYOGENES-KNECHTELI SWAINE; BARK BEETLES COLEOPTERA; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; NATURAL ENEMIES; SAY COLEOPTERA; ENGRAVER; COMMUNICATION; AGGREGATION; LANIERONE AB We conducted four behavioral choice tests in stands of mature lodgepole pine in British Columbia, from 1988 to 1991, to determine the dose-dependent responses of Orthotomicus latidens (LeConte) and Ips pini (Say) to their respective pheromones. Dose-dependent responses were exhibited by I. pini to (-)-ipsdienol and lanierone, with trap catches directly proportional to pheromone release rates. We found differences in sex ratio of L pini in their responses to ipsdienol but not lanierone. There was no dose-dependent response exhibited by O. latidens to its pheromone, (+/-)-ipsenol, with or without the presence of the host kairomone, (-)-beta-phellandrene. The bark beetle predator, Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott), showed a dose-dependent response to lanierone. Thanasimus undatidus (Say) was attracted to ipsenol in a dose-dependent fashion only when traps were also baited with beta-phellandrene. Neither T undatulus nor E. sphegeus (F.) exhibited dose-dependent responses to ipsdienol. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us RI Lindgren, B Staffan/G-5947-2012 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 591 EP 597 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400012 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Hilton, R Light, DM AF Knight, AL Hilton, R Light, DM TI Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in apple with blends of ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; apple; pear ester; monitoring ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; SEX-PHEROMONE; PLANT VOLATILES AB Studies evaluated blends of the pear-derived kairomone ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone, loaded in gray halobutyl septa, as attractants for adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Studies were conducted in apple orchards, Mahus domestica Borkhausen, treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Septa were loaded with either one or both compounds at rates of 0.0, 0.3, and 3.0 mg pear ester and 0.0 and 3.0 mg codlemone in the first series of tests. Traps baited with a 3.0/3.0-mg blend caught significantly more males and total number of codling moths than traps baited with either compound alone in both types of orchards. Traps baited with two lures loaded individually with pear ester (3.0 mg) and codlemone (3.0 mg) caught significantly fewer males and total moths than traps baited with the dual lure (3.0/3.0 mg). The addition of 3.0 mg codlemone to pear ester did not significantly affect the capture of female moths. However, increasing the loading of pear ester from 0.3 to 3.0 mg in the dual lure significantly increased female moth catch in the untreated orchard but not in the sex pheromone MD orchard. increasing the loading of pear ester to 20.0 mg in a dual lure with 3.0 mg codlemone significantly increased total codling moth catch compared with a 3.0 mg codlemone lure, but female catch was significantly lower compared with traps baited with a 3.0 mg pear ester lure. Adding a 3.0 mg pear ester lure to traps baited with a 42.0 mg sex pheromone lure significantly reduced male moth catch compared with the sex pheromone lure alone but did not reduce the catch of female moths compared with traps baited with a 3.0 mg pear ester lure alone. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400013 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Light, DM AF Knight, AL Light, DM TI Dose-response of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) to ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone dispensers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; monitoring; sex pheromone; codlemone; kairomone ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; VOLATILES AB Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards to evaluate the attractiveness of the kairomone, ethyl (E, Z) -2,4-decadienoate (pear ester), loaded at various rates into gray halobutyl septa, to adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. All studies were conducted in orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption. Lure loadings from 0.01 mu g to 50.0 mg were evaluated in 12 orchard plots in 1999. Lures loaded with 1.0-50.0 and 0.1-50.0 mg caught significantly more male and female moths than the blank control, respectively. Field dose-response studies were repeated with five lure rates (0.1-40.0 mg) of pear ester during four periods during the 2000 season. Significant seasonal date and rate effects were found for the capture of males and female moths. The 0.1-mg lure caught significantly fewer males than the 1.0-, 3.0-, and 40.0-mg lures. The 40.0-mg lure caught significantly fewer female moths than the 1.0- and 3.0-mg lures. The 3.0-mg lure caught a higher proportion of virgin females than the 10.0- and 40.0-mg lures. The attractiveness of the 1.0 and 3.0 mg pear ester loadings were compared with a sex pheromone lure during a 10-wk trial in 2002. Both pear ester lures caught significantly fewer moths than the sex pheromone lure during the first 4 wk of the study and over the entire 10-wk period. However, no difference among lures occurred during week 5, and the 3.0-mg lure caught significantly more moths than the sex pheromone lure during week 6. The 3.0-mg lure caught a significantly higher proportion of female moths and a higher proportion of virgin female moths than the 1.0-mg lure. These studies suggest that the optimal loading of pear ester for capture of codling moth in mating disrupted apple orchards likely depends on the specific objectives of the monitoring program. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 604 EP 609 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400014 ER PT J AU Ellsbury, MM Banken, KR Clay, SA Forcella, F AF Ellsbury, MM Banken, KR Clay, SA Forcella, F TI Interactions among western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : chrysomelidae), yellow foxtail, and corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect-plant interactions; alternate hosts; Diabrotica spp.; larval movement; resistance management ID LARVAE COLEOPTERA; HOST RANGE; SURVIVAL; NORTHERN; DAMAGE; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; SOUTHERN; MOISTURE; MAIZE AB Field studies at sites with two contrasting soil types investigated effects from the presence of yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. and Schult.], established in bands parallel to corn rows, on western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) survival, corn root injury, lodging, biomass production, and yield. Results suggested that the presence of foxtail as an alternate host influenced the degree and progression of corn rootworm damage and adult emergence in a given locality. Rootworm adults emerged later from foxtail band areas and had smaller head capsule size than did individuals from areas without foxtail, consistent with earlier findings that foxtail in the diet of western corn rootworm was a poor nutritional substitute for corn. Lodging was reduced in the presence of yellow foxtail in some cases, but corn stover biomass and yield also were lower. Influences, if any, of soil type on rootworm survival were unclear because of differences in planting date between the two sites, Foxtail may function as a buffer to reduce rootworm damage to corn and serves as an alternate host that should be considered in the development of resistance management strategies for transgenic corn modified for rootworm resistance. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Plant Sci Dept, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM mellsbur@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400017 ER PT J AU Peck, RW Niwa, CG AF Peck, RW Niwa, CG TI Longer-term effects of selective thinning on microarthropod communities in a late-successional coniferous forest SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarthropods; acari; oribatida; Collembola; forest thinning ID DECOMPOSING LEAF LITTER; BEECH WOOD SOIL; ORIBATID MITES; FEEDING-HABITS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; ARTHROPODS; COLLEMBOLA; INVERTEBRATES AB Micro arthropod densities within late successional coniferous forests thinned 16 - 41 yr before sampling were compared with adjacent unthinned stands to identify longer term effects of thinning on this community. Soil and forest floor layers were sampled separately on eight paired sites. Within the forest floor oribatid, mesostigmatid, and to a marginal extent, prostigmatid mites, were reduced in thinned stands compared with unthinned stands. No differences were found for Collembola in the forest floor or for any mite suborder within the soil. Family level examination of mesostigmatid and prostigmatid mites revealed significant differences between stand types for both horizons. At the species level, thinning influenced numerous oribatid mites and Collembola. For oribatid mites, significant or marginally significant differences were found for seven of 15 common species in the forest floor and five of 16 common species in soil. Collembola were affected less, with differences found for one of 11 common species in the forest floor and three of 13 common species in soil. Multivariate analysis of variance and ordination indicated that forest thinning had little influence on the composition of oribatid mite and collembolan communities within either the forest floor or soil. Differences in microclimate or in the accumulation of organic matter on the forest floor were likely most responsible for the observed patterns of abundance. Considering the role that microarthropods play in nutrient cycling, determining the functional response of a wide range of taxa to thinning may be important to effective ecosystem management. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rpeck@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 646 EP 655 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400019 ER PT J AU Mbata, GN Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Mbata, GN Shapiro-Ilan, DI TI Laboratory evaluation of virulence of heterorhabditid nematodes to Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera : pyralidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopatbogenic nematodes; Heterorhabditis; Indianmeal moth; stored products ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; HOST AGE; CURCULIONIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIVITY; RHABDITIDA AB The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, infesting most commodities in warehouses and grain bins. We studied the susceptibility of Indianmeal moth adults and larvae to seven entomopathogenic nematode species and strains. The nematodes studied were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88, Lewiston, and Oswego strains); H. indica Poinar, Karunakar, and David (Homl strain); H. marelatus Liu and Berry (Point Reyes strain); H. megidis Poinar, Jackson, and Klein (UK211 strain); and H. zealandica Poinar (NZH3 strain). Overall, the nematodes that had the highest virulence to larvae and adults of Indianmeal moth were H. indica, H. megidis, and H. marelatus. Adult Indianmeal moths seemed to be more susceptible to the nematodes than the larvae, and egg laying was significantly reduced by at least 44% in Indianmeal moths adults that survived exposure to the nematode strains. We conclude that H. indica, H. megidis, and H. marelatus should be studied further as potential biocontrol agents of Indianmeal moth in stored grains and processed commodities. C1 Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Fruit & Tree Nutr Res Lab, Byron, GA 31006 USA. RP Mbata, GN (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, 1005 Univ Dr, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. EM Mbatag@fvsu.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400022 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, CL Scott, WP Abel, CA Robbins, JT Gore, J Hardee, DD AF Snodgrass, CL Scott, WP Abel, CA Robbins, JT Gore, J Hardee, DD TI Tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) populations near fields after early season herbicide treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris; wild host plants; herbicides ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; HOST PLANTS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; ARKANSAS; COTTON; MANAGEMENT; HEMIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; LOUISIANA AB A single herbicide (Trimer (R) Strike 3 (TM)) application in early season (March or April) was made to marginal areas around fields in 23-km(2) test sites of the Mississippi Delta in 1999, 2000, and 2001. The herbicide was used to kill broadleaf weeds in the marginal areas that served as hosts for tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). The herbicide treatment caused a significant reduction in wild host densities in the treated test sites in all 3 yr. Tarnished plant bug populations in treated test sites did not increase significantly in the treated marginal areas during April and May after treatment of the margins in the first 2 wk of March in 2000 and 2001. The herbicide application was made in the first 2 wk of April 1999, and plant bug populations increased in treated marginal areas in this year. The increase was thought to be caused by plant bugs moving to Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lamarck, a previously unreported plant bug host, which was not affected by the herbicide. Laboratory tests showed that plant bugs would oviposit in flowering or nonflowering ryegrass when caged on ryegrass for a 6-d period. Newly emerged nymphs developed into adults (56%) when reared on floral spikelets of ryegrass, but no adults were obtained when they were reared on ryegrass stems and leaves. Rearing on floral spikelets beginning with third-instar nymphs resulted in 92% adults, whereas third-instar nymphs reared on stems and leaves produced no adults. These results showed that ryegrass could serve as a reproductive host for plant bugs when it flowered during late April and May. Application of the herbicide in March, when ryegrass was not in flower, resulted in no significant increases in plant bug populations on wild hosts (mainly ryegrass) during April and May in 2 yr of the field study. C1 USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Snodgrass, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gsnodgrass@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 705 EP 711 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400026 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Phillips, TW Payton, ME AF Toews, MD Phillips, TW Payton, ME TI Estimating populations of grain beetles using probe traps in wheat-filled concrete silos SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Rhyzopertha dominica; sampling; monitoring stored wheat ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; FARM-STORED WHEAT; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; AFFECTING CAPTURE; INSECT DENSITY; CUCUJIDAE; PITFALL AB Probe traps are sensitive tools for detecting populations of beetles in stored grain, but their use for estimating insect density in concrete silos has not been established. Populations of grain beetles infesting wheat in concrete silos at two commercial storage facilities in north central Oklahoma were sampled using probe traps and grain probe samples over a 17-wk period. Grain temperature and quality parameters were collected during the study. Thirteen insect species were detected using probe traps, whereas eight species were detected with the grain samples; Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Rhyzopertha dominca were the most common insects collected in the grain samples. Across dates, there were no differences in mean number of insects recovered by species near the grain surface and 1 m below in either probe traps or grain samples. Comparison of slopes (insects recovered in grain samples regressed on insects in probe traps) showed that there were significant differences by trap position for C. ferrugineus but not R. dominica. Multiple regression models, developed to predict insect population estimates using number of insects captured in probe traps and a temperature component, indicated that more variability in the data were explained using traps positioned 1 m below the grain surface (R-2 = 0.70) than near the surface (R-2 = 0.21) for C. ferrugineus. About one-half (R-2 = 0.53) of the variability in insect density was described for R. dominca. These regression models show the potential for methodical use of grain probe traps in pest management decision-making. C1 USDA ARS, GMRPC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMRPC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mtoews@giuprc.ksu.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 712 EP 718 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933VG UT WOS:000229660400027 ER PT J AU Berg, NH Gallegos, A Dell, T Frazier, J Procter, T Sickman, J Grant, S Blett, T Arbaugh, M AF Berg, NH Gallegos, A Dell, T Frazier, J Procter, T Sickman, J Grant, S Blett, T Arbaugh, M TI A screening procedure for identifying acid-sensitive lakes from catchment characteristics SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; California; lake ANC; model; Sierra Nevada; water quality; watershed ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARK; CALIFORNIA; RETENTION; MOUNTAINS; COLORADO; BASIN AB Monitoring of Wilderness lakes for potential acidification requires information on lake sensitivity to acidification. Catchment properties can be used to estimate the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of lakes. Conceptual and general linear models were developed to predict the ANC of lakes in high-elevation (&GE; 2170 m) Wilderness Areas in California's Sierra Nevada mountains. Catchment-to-lake area ratio, lake perimeter-to-area ratio, bedrock lithology, vegetation cover, and lake headwater location are significant variables explaining ANC. The general linear models were validated against independently collected water chemistry data and were used as part of a first stage screen to identify Wilderness lakes with low ANC. Expanded monitoring of atmospheric deposition is essential for improving the predictability of lake ANC. C1 Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA USA. Stanislaus Natl Forest, Sonora, CA USA. Sequoia Natl Forest, Porterville, CA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Pk Serv, Resources Div, Denver, CO USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Berg, NH (reprint author), Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM nberg@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-3853-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 924HZ UT WOS:000228971100017 PM 15952524 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Pitt, WC Sugihara, RT Eisemann, JD Primus, TM Holmes, MJ Crocker, J Hart, A AF Johnston, JJ Pitt, WC Sugihara, RT Eisemann, JD Primus, TM Holmes, MJ Crocker, J Hart, A TI Probabilistic risk assessment for snails, slugs, and endangered honeycreepers in diphacinone rodenticide baited areas on Hawaii, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE probabilistic; risk; Poouli; diphacinone; rodenticide ID NEW-ZEALAND; BRODIFACOUM; ISLAND; FOREST; BIRDS; TOXICITY; BENEFITS; RESIDUES; COSTS; CRAB AB Three probabilistic models were developed for characterizing the risk of mortality and subacute coagulopathy to Poouli, an endangered nontarget avian species, in broadcast diphacinone-baited areas on Hawaii, USA. For single-day exposure, the risk of Poouli mortality approaches 0. For 5-d exposure, the mean probability of mortality increased to 3% for adult and 8% for juvenile Poouli populations. For Poouli that consume snails containing diphacinone residues for 14 d, the model predicted increased levels of coagulopathy for 0.42 and 11% of adult and juvenile Poouli populations, respectively. Worst-case deterministic risk characterizations predicted acceptable levels of risk for nonthreatened or endangered species such as northern bobwhite quail and mallards. Also, no acute toxicity was noted for snails and slugs that feed on diphacinone baits. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, WS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Hilo Hawaii Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA APHIS, WS, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Cent Sci Lab, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, WS, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@aphis.usda.gov NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1567 DI 10.1897/04-255R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400034 PM 16117137 ER PT J AU Donzelli, BGG Siebert, KJ Harman, GE AF Donzelli, BGG Siebert, KJ Harman, GE TI Response surface modeling of factors influencing the production of chitinolytic and beta-1,3-glucanolytic enzymes in Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma; response surface; chitinases; beta-1,3-glucanases; partial least-squares ID CHITINASE GENE-EXPRESSION; HARZIANUM P1; PH; BIOCONTROL; ENDOCHITINASE; PURIFICATION; GLUCOSE; FUNGI AB The relationships between five culture factors (glucose, ammonium ion, chitin, scleroglucan, and initial inoculum concentration) and the production of N-acetylhexosaminidase, endochitinase, and beta-1,3-glucanase enzymatic activities by Trichoderma atroviride strain PI were studied using response surface modeling. Experiments were performed using a 5-factor, 3-level, central composite face-centered design. Enzyme activity levels were modeled using partial least-squares regression (PLS). Enzyme activity levels were strongly affected by both glucose concentration and pH. When the enzyme activity levels were modeled over a range of four factors that excluded wide changes in pH, the most influential factors were chitin and inoculum. The highest production of all three enzyme activities was predicted at glucose concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1%, ammonium ion between 18 and 25 mM, and chitin, scleroglucan, and initial inoculum, at the highest levels tested (0.8, 0.2 and 1 x 10(7) conidia/50 ml starter culture, respectively). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Donzelli, BGG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bdd1@cornell.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.033 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 929RF UT WOS:000229362800009 ER PT J AU Levinson, WE Kuo, TM Kurtzman, CP AF Levinson, WE Kuo, TM Kurtzman, CP TI Lipase-catalyzed production of novel hydroxylated fatty amides in organic solvent SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid amides; hydroxylated fatty acids; Candida antarctica lipase B; transformation ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS; CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA; ENZYMATIC-REACTION; ACID SELECTIVITY; RICINOLEIC ACID; BETA-KETOESTERS; AMMONIOLYSIS; AMMONOLYSIS; HYDROLYSIS AB Pseudozyma (Candida) antarctica lipase B is known to catalyze the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with ammonia in organic solvents. We tested this system for production of primary fatty amides from hydroxy fatty acids including the naturally occurring mono-hydroxy fatty acids, ricinoleic acid (RA) and lesquerolic acid (LQA) and the novel multihydroxy fatty acids, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) and 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD). Reactions were performed at temperatures up to 55 degrees C. Ricinoleic acid and lesquerolic acid were transformed at initial rates comparable to or better than that of oleic acid, a non-hydroxylated substrate. Transformation percentage at 7 days was better than 95% for all substrates except TOD (93.9%). At 55 degrees C, most reactions approached completion within I day. The primary amides of LQA, DOD, and TOD are novel compounds having melting points of 73, 105, and 100 degrees C, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.02.001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 929RF UT WOS:000229362800014 ER PT J AU Nguyen, M Patuwo, T AF Nguyen, M Patuwo, T TI Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate): Screening for low phytic acid concentration in pea seeds for increased bioavailability in humans SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Phytic acid (InsP,), the primary storage form of phosphorus (P) in seeds, is essential for successful growth of young seedlings. It is also a strong chelator of mineral cations such as calcium, iron, and zinc, forming insoluble complexes that are largely excreted by humans and other non-ruminant animals. For this reason, excessive amounts of phytic acid may limit the bioavailability of important nutrients such as iron and zinc. Therefore, scientists are interested in identifying common legumes low in phytic acid. The objective of this study was to locate accessions of pea seeds (Pisum sativum) that are nutrient-rich but low in phytate. Four hundred and eighty-five pea accessions were ground into a fine powder. Each sample (.30 grams) was digested overnight in 2.4% hydrochloric acid (HCl) on an orbital shaker. After centrifuging and micro-centrifuging the samples, supernatant (0.5 mL) was added to 7 mL of water to form the assay sample. The colorimetric assay involved adding 900 mu L of WADE reagent and was read by a spectrophotometer. A colorimetric procedure was optimized to measure phytic acid concentration by using accessions of pea seeds. Preliminary results show a two-fold concentration range of approximately 15.0-30.0 mg/g DW with the average phytic acid concentration of pea seeds being 21.7 mg/g. Continuing research will involve the digestion of selected samples with digestive enzymes to measure iron availability. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nguyen, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 SU 4 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 959VE UT WOS:000231546600002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Paeratakul, S Champagne, CM Ryan, DH Harsha, DW McGee, B Johnson, G Deyhim, F Forsythe, W Bogle, ML AF Kennedy, BM Paeratakul, S Champagne, CM Ryan, DH Harsha, DW McGee, B Johnson, G Deyhim, F Forsythe, W Bogle, ML CA Lower Missi Nut Inter Res Inst TI A pilot church-based weight loss program for African-American adults using church members as health educators: A comparison of individual and group intervention SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE diet; intervention study; lifestyle; obesity; weight loss ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; TRIAL AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine a church-based intervention employing a 6-month pilot weight loss program as a strategy to improve health of African-American adults. Design: A randomized trial design was used without a control group. Eligible church members were randomized into two groups: an intervention delivered in the group setting and an intervention delivered in the individual setting. Setting: The study was conducted at an African-American church in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Participants: Forty church members were enrolled in the study. Two trained church members without specialization in obesity treatment conducted the study. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was weight loss. Results: The program retention rate was 90%. After six months, a modest but significant mean weight loss was seen in all participants of 3.3 kg. The mean weight losses in the individual and group interventions were 3.4 kg and 3.1 kg, respectively. The mean body fat loss was 2.1 kg and 1.9 kg, respectively. The difference in weight loss and fat loss between the individual and group interventions was not statistically significant. An improvement in the quality of life and an increase in physical activity were reported by the program participants. Conclusions: A church setting may provide an effective delivery mechanism for a health and nutrition program. Church members may be trained to conduct a weight control program. Both interventions (individual and group) were effective in inducing weight loss. C1 So Univ Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA USA. A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Hlth Behav Dept, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM kennedbm@pbrc.edu NR 14 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 955BM UT WOS:000231199700003 PM 16108295 ER PT J AU Dujesiefken, D Liese, W Shortle, W Minocha, R AF Dujesiefken, D Liese, W Shortle, W Minocha, R TI Response of beech and oaks to wounds made at different times of the year SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th ISA European Conference CY JUN 09-12, 2004 CL Maastricht, NETHERLANDS SP ISA DE beech; oak; time of wounding; wound reactions; discoloration; phenol concentration ID TREES; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; DEFEND; OXYGEN; DECAY; GROW; WOOD AB Tree care, especially pruning, is still mostly done in the dormant time. Such treatments expose live inner bark, the vascular cambium, and functioning outer sapwood to harsh external influences followed often by infection of pathogens. Investigations about response reactions of beech and oak to wounding made in different times of the year showed that wound closure was significantly slower for December and February wounds than in April and October. The length of discoloured sapwood was in October and December wounds greater than in February and April. Sapwood reaction expressed by the soluble phenol concentration index indicated however no significant differences among wounding dates. Overall, woundings in the vegetation period will be more effectively compartmentalized than in the dormant season. Consequently, tree care like pruning with many woundings should not be done in the winter period. C1 Inst Arboriculture, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Dept Wood Sci, Div Wood Biol, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Dujesiefken, D (reprint author), Inst Arboriculture, Brookkehre 60, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM dirk.dujesiefken@institut-fuer-baumpflege.de NR 16 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOR RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 124 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10342-005-0062-x PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 936SJ UT WOS:000229875400005 ER PT J AU Williams, JE Macdonald, CA Williams, CD Weeks, H Lampman, G Sada, DW AF Williams, JE Macdonald, CA Williams, CD Weeks, H Lampman, G Sada, DW TI Prospects for recovering endemic fishes pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION AB If the success of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is measured by the number of endangered species that have been recovered and delisted, then the act is not very successful. Only 15 species have been delisted because of recovery in the history of the ESA. The Borax Lake chub (Gila boraxobius), an endangered species restricted to an Oregon spring system, is considered to be on the brink of recovery and may warrant future delisting. A panel of scientists was convened to determine consensus regarding the species' listing status by reviewing: (1) current habitat conditions, (2) implementation of the recovery plan, and (3) applicability of ESA listing factors. Despite substantial progress towards recovery, threats to the species remain, including habitat degradation and the potential introduction of nonnative species. These are problems common to many fishes of highly restricted distribution. Because the Borax Lake chub occurs in a single spring system, the species remains vulnerable to catastrophic loss and requires continuing protection afforded by the ESA. Like many spring-dwelling fishes with a restricted range, recovery of the Borax Lake chub to the point where ESA protection is no longer required is an admirable but largely unobtainable goal. Prevention of extinction rather than delisting is a more appropriate measure of ESA success for such species. C1 Trout Unlimited Ashland, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA. US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Williams, JE (reprint author), Trout Unlimited Ashland, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM jwilliams@tu.org NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 24 EP + DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[24:PFREFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 933XI UT WOS:000229665800007 ER PT J AU May, BE Kaeding, LR AF May, BE Kaeding, LR TI Moving forward from recovery under the US Endangered Species Act to long-term conservation of inland cutthroat trout SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Off, Branch Nat Fishes Management, Bozeman, MT USA. EM Lynn_Kaeding@fws.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 933XI UT WOS:000229665800008 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Jesudasan, RWA Jourdan, H Muthuraj, B Bourne, AS Pemberton, RW AF Goolsby, JA Jesudasan, RWA Jourdan, H Muthuraj, B Bourne, AS Pemberton, RW TI Continental comparisons of the interaction between climate and the herbivorous mite, Floracarus perrepae (Acari : Eriophyidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE climate; biological control of weeds; ferns; Florida Everglades; New Caledonia; India ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM LYGODIACEAE; INVASIVE WEED; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ACARIFORMES; AUSTRALIA; FLORIDA AB The Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum, is an invasive weed in the Florida Everglades and the leaf roll galling mite, Floracarus perrepae, is a proposed biological control agent. Field studies were conducted for one to two years at sites in its native range in Australia, New Caledonia, and India to evaluate the effect of climate on F perrepae. Monthly counts of the proportion of L. microphyllum subpinnae (leaflets) with leaf roll galls were used to measure the incidence of damage caused by F perrepae. Between sites the most significant weather variable was rainfall 14 to 28 days prior to sampling, with higher levels having a depressive effect on the incidence of leaf rolls. Within sites the mean maximum temperature was the only significant weather variable, showing a decrease in the incidence of leaf rolls above 27 degrees C, and it was predicted that no leaf rolls would form above 35 degrees C. The weather parameters in Homestead, Florida for 2002 were within the range of those evaluated in the eight native range field sites. Thus, we do not predict that climate will prevent the establishment of this biological control agent for L. microphyllum in southern Florida. C1 ARS, USDA, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. Madras Christian Coll, Dept Zool, Madras 600059, Tamil Nadu, India. ATER Univ Paul Sabatier, IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia. CSIRO Entomol, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78501 USA. RI Jourdan, Herve/D-1452-2011 OI Jourdan, Herve/0000-0002-3756-4008 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0129:CCOTIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300003 ER PT J AU Causton, CE Sevilla, CR Porter, SD AF Causton, CE Sevilla, CR Porter, SD TI Eradication of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera : Formicidae), from Marchena Island, Galapagos: On the edge of success? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Amdro (R); ant control; dispersal; costs; invasive ants; monitoring ID INVASIONS; AMDRO; BAIT AB The development of effective techniques to eradicate populations of invasive ant species is crucial to the conservation of native biodiversity. An intensive program was initiated in 2001 to eradicate the invasive little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) from similar to 21 ha on Marchena Island in the Galapagos Archipelago. Linear transects, approximately 10 m apart, were cut through the vegetation of the infested area and a buffer zone of 6 ha. Amdro(R) (Hydramethylnon) was applied manually up to three times in the treatment area at three-month intervals between March and October 2001. To date, five follow-up monitoring surveys have placed sticks painted with peanut butter in a grid 3-4 m apart. Two small populations (0.1% of the area originally occupied by W auropunctata) were detected in April and October 2002 and were subsequently treated with Amdro(R). No W auropunctata ants were found in May 2003 and April 2004. Five nocturnal surveys carried out in the immediate area of introduction of W auropunctata did not detect any individuals. Monitoring surveys will continue for an additional two years to ensure eradication of any remaining populations and verify the success of this program. This paper discusses the procedures used to kill W auropunctata and monitor the efficacy of the eradication methods, the program's costs, and its applicability to other island ecosystems. C1 Charles Darwin Res Stn, Dept Terr Invertebrates, Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Causton, CE (reprint author), Charles Darwin Res Stn, Dept Terr Invertebrates, Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 24 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0159:EOTLFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300008 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, GJ TI Hypoxia reduces reproductive susceptibility of plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to ionizing radiation SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION QUARANTINE TREATMENT C1 ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 208 EP 210 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0208:HRRSOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300017 ER PT J AU Thead, LG Vogt, JT Streett, DA AF Thead, LG Vogt, JT Streett, DA TI Dispersal of the fire ant decapitating fly, Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) in northeast Mississippi SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ESTABLISHMENT C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thead, LG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 214 EP 216 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0214:DOTFAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300019 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL AF Lapointe, SL TI Response of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to application concentrations of a particle film SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; TORTRICIDAE; APPLE; PEAR C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0222:RODACC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300022 ER PT J AU Orono, LE Ovruski, SM Norrbom, AL Schliserman, P Colin, C Martin, CB AF Orono, LE Ovruski, SM Norrbom, AL Schliserman, P Colin, C Martin, CB TI Two new native host plant records for Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Argentina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; PARASITOIDS; POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA C1 PROIMI Biotecnol, Div Control Biol Plagas, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. Inst Ecol AC, Unidad Entomol Aplicada, Lab Moscas Fruta, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, Catedra Ganerogamas, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. RP Orono, LE (reprint author), PROIMI Biotecnol, Div Control Biol Plagas, T4001MVB, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0228:TNNHPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 946PB UT WOS:000230583300024 ER PT J AU He, Q Riley, RT Sharma, RP AF He, Q Riley, RT Sharma, RP TI Myriocin prevents fumonisin B-1-induced sphingoid base accumulation in mice liver without ameliorating hepatotoxicity SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; myriocin; cytokine expression; hepatotoxicity; sphinganine; sphingolipids ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SERINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE; MOUSE-LIVER; CULTURE MATERIAL; PULMONARY-EDEMA; RAT-LIVER; IN-VIVO; B-1 AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusaritan verticillioides present on corn and corn-based products, causes species-and organ-specific diseases. The hepatotoxic effects of FB1 in mice have been closely correlated with the accumulation of free sphinganine, a marker for ceramide synthase inhibition, and reduced biosynthesis of more complex sphingolipids. It has been shown that FB1 modulates expression of many cell signaling factors. In the current study we used myriocin, a specific inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, to investigate the role of free sphinganine accumulation in FB1-induced hepatotoxicity and increased expression of selected signaling genes in BALB/c mice. The mice were pretreated daily with intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mg/kg myriocin 30 min before subcutaneous injections of 2.25 mg/kg of FB1 for 3 days. Results showed that myriocin alone was not hepatotoxic and the combination of myriocin plus FB(1)completely prevented the FB1-induced elevation of hepatic free sphinganine and prevented the FB1-induced induction of selected cell signaling genes, suggesting that accumulation of free sphinganine and/or its metabolites contribute to the FB1-modulation of the cell signaling factors. However, the combination of myriocin and FB1 did not prevent FB1-increased concentration of plasma alanine aminotransferase and only slightly attenuated aspartate aminotransferase; it did not affect the FB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis or increased cell proliferation. A longer combined treatment of myriocin and FB1 was highly toxic. The hepatotoxic effects in mice seen in this study are most likely due to a combination of factors including accumulation of free sphinganine, depletion of more complex sphingolipids and sphingomyclin, or other unknown mechanisms. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rpsharma@vet.uga.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 50 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.021 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 918HA UT WOS:000228531700008 PM 15811577 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Sommers, CH Juneja, VK AF Novak, JS Sommers, CH Juneja, VK TI A convenient method to detect potentially lethal heat-induced damage to DNA in Clostridium perfringens SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE DNA; damage; heat ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VEGETATIVE CELLS; BACTERIAL-SPORES; RESISTANCE; SPORULATION; SITES AB A rapid method for determining the lethal effectiveness of heat on a food-borne spore-former based on the conversion of high molecular weight chromosomal DNA to lower molecular weight species was developed. DNA was isolated and purified from spores and vegetative cells of the food-borne pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, following exposure to 4, 50, 75, and 100degreesC for 15 min. The DNA quality was subsequently analyzed electrophoretically on agarose gels. Spore DNA was most resistant to thermal damage up to 100degreesC with minor hydrolysis. Vegetative cell DNA exhibited degradation at 75degreesC. A relationship was established between pathogen thermal viability and the electrophoretic stability of DNA. This study describes a convenient method for evaluating heating efficiency based upon electrophoretic DNA stability. These findings may facilitate future testing of pathogen lethality to heat under different menstrum parameters ensuring food safety. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jnovak@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.04.007 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 900QK UT WOS:000227229200003 ER PT J AU Sung, K Hiett, KL Stern, NJ AF Sung, K Hiett, KL Stern, NJ TI Heat-treated Campylobacter and mRNA stability as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REACTION ASSAY; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; RT-PCR; JEJUNI; VIABILITY; AMPLIFICATION; CELLS; COLONIZATION; POLYMORPHISM AB The detection method of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which specifically targets mRNA, was developed and tested for detection of cultivable Campylobacter spp. The expression of four DNA targets-flaA, tkt, porA, and a putative haem-copper oxidase domain-were assayed in heat-inactivated Campylobacter spp. to determine an optimum target for RT-PCR amplification. A diversity of Campylobacter spp. was tested; however, the presented RT-PCR technique was specific for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari. The durability of mRNA species detected by our RT-PCR technique was dependent upon the individual Campylobacter spp. examined, the condition of heat treatment and post-treatment holding time, as well as the transcript targeted. The putative oxidase was determined to be the most stable mRNA species for this assay. The mRNA of the putative oxidase gene was detectable even after Campylobacter spp. had been treated at temperatures of 95-99 degrees C. Using DNA-based PCR, the four DNA targets could be amplified after heat inactivation followed by a 48 h holding time, indicating that the chromosomal DNA was not substantially degraded by the heat treatment. PCR products from the putative oxidase gene were detected at 10(2) to 10(3) C. jejuni CFU per mL, exhibiting the highest level of sensitivity among the genes tested. The results in the present study indicate that mRNA from Campylobacter spp. may persist in a form that is detectable by RT-PCR amplification for an extended period after heat treatment, demonstrating a poor correlation between mRNA detection and cell cultivability. With these results in mind, further investigations are necessary to determine the correlation between RT-PCR amplification and viability. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM khiett@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.130 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RR UT WOS:000238251700002 PM 15992307 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ Friedman, S McDermott, PF Walker, RD Qaiyumi, S Foley, SL Hubert, SK Ayers, S English, L Dargatz, DA Salamone, B White, DG AF Zhao, S Fedorka-Cray, PJ Friedman, S McDermott, PF Walker, RD Qaiyumi, S Foley, SL Hubert, SK Ayers, S English, L Dargatz, DA Salamone, B White, DG TI Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium of animal origin obtained from the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD ANIMALS; ENTERICA TYPHIMURIUM; DT104 INFECTIONS; INTEGRONS; GENES; EMERGENCE; BACTERIA AB Salmonella Typhimurium remains one of the most common causes of salmonellosis in animals and humans in the United States. The emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella reduces the therapeutic options in cases of invasive infections, and has been shown to be associated with an increased burden of illness. In this study, 588 S. Typhimurium (including var. Copenhagen) isolates obtained from either animal diagnostic specimens (n = 199) or food animals after slaughter/processing (n = 389) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of class-1 integrons, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. Seventy-six percent (448/588) of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Salmonella isolates displayed resistance most often to streptomycin (63%), tetracycline (61%), ampicillin (61%), and to a lesser extent, chloramphenicol (36%), ceftiofur (15%), gentamicin (9%), and nalidixic acid (4%), with more resistance observed among diagnostic isolates. Salmonella recovered from turkeys (n = 38) exhibited the highest rates of resistance, with 92% of isolates resistant to least one antimicrobial, and 58% resistant to >= 10 antimicrobials. Class 1 integrons were present in 51% of all isolates. Five integron associated resistance genes (aadA, aadB, pse-1, oxa-2 and dhfr) were identified. A total of 311 PFGE patterns were generated using XbaI, indicating a genetically diverse population. The largest PFGE cluster contained 146 isolates, including DT104 isolates obtained from all seven animal species. Results demonstrated a varied spectrum of antimicrobial resistance, including several multidrug resistant clonal groups, among S. Typhimurium and S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen isolates recovered from both diagnostic and slaughter/processing samples. C1 US FDA, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. ARS, USDA, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Zoonot Dis & Residue Surveillance Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Zhao, S (reprint author), US FDA, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM szhao@cvm.fda.gov NR 45 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.169 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RR UT WOS:000238251700007 PM 15992312 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Edrington, TS Sheffield, CL Callaway, TR Ziprin, RL Scott, HM Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Edrington, TS Sheffield, CL Callaway, TR Ziprin, RL Scott, HM Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Further characterization of Campylobacter isolated from US dairy cows SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; COLI; PREVALENCE; CATTLE; SPP.; PCR; SALMONELLA; INFECTION; VIRULENCE; BROILERS AB The objective of the present study was to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification with ribotype results and to use pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE) to correlate genotypic patterns with antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter isolated from lactating dairy cows in the United States. Thirty isolates were studied. Twenty-seven of the isolates were identified by PCR as Campylobacter jejuni and three were identified as Campylobacter coli. Genotypic patterns of 15 isolates were determined by PFGE, and although isolates originated from geographically separated regions of the United States, some were genotypically identical. In contrast to their genetic similarity, antibiotic sensitivity patterns differed within some genotypes. Under the conditions of our study, we concluded that ribotyping is not as discriminatory as PCR for speciation, and that a phenotypic trait such as antimicrobial resistance cannot always be predicted within the same genotype. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM harvey@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.182 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RR UT WOS:000238251700008 PM 15992313 ER PT J AU Carey, WA Oak, SW Enebak, SA AF Carey, WA Oak, SW Enebak, SA TI Pitch canker ratings of longleaf pine clones correlate with Fusarium circinatum infestation of seeds and seedling mortality in containers SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORTH-CAROLINA; SUBGLUTINANS; DISEASE; COMPLEX AB The incidence and severity of pitch canker was rated among 16 clones of mature longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris) in a seed orchard and cones were collected from five of those clones across the range of pitch canker disease ratings. Seed were extracted and commercially processed by clone and the percentages contaminated with Fusarium circinatum determined. Seed from each clone were sown either without treatment or with one of three fungicide treatments in a soil-less mix at a commercial container nursery to evaluate the effects of F. circinatum (syn. F. subglutinans) on seed and seedling survival. The percent of seed with F. circinatum correlated with the pitch canker ratings in the orchard for the year of collection (r = 0.88, p = 0.05) and, when sown without fungicide treatment, with the number of seedlings produced (r = 0.94, p = 0.01) and with seedling mortality after germination (r = 0.92, p = 0.02). The same orchard clones were more symptomatic of pitch canker through three annual surveys. Fusarium circinatum was isolated from a higher percent of seed from more symptomatic clones and a lower percent of their seed produced plantable seedlings. We propose that removing such clones from seed collections should reduce seedling mortality at the nursery. C1 Auburn Univ, So Forest Nursery Managment Cooperat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, FHP, Asheville, NC USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Carey, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, So Forest Nursery Managment Cooperat, 108 MW Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM enebasa@auburn.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00404.x PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 929UA UT WOS:000229370700006 ER PT J AU Evans, DD Michael, JH Wiedenbeck, JK Ray, CD AF Evans, DD Michael, JH Wiedenbeck, JK Ray, CD TI Relationships between organizational climates and safety-related events at four wood manufacturers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTS; MODEL AB Most segments of the wood manufacturing industry place a great deal of emphasis on production in order to meet daily or weekly productivity quotas. Unfortunately, conflicts often exist between productivity and employee safety, as well as between productivity and quality. The perceived emphasis placed on each of these areas by an organization's management will cultivate a corresponding climate within the workforce. This study examined the relationship between production employees' perceptions of productivity and quality climates and safety-related events. Data were collected with surveys of 526 production employees at 4 secondary wood products manufacturers in Pennsylvania. Results suggest that an increased emphasis on productivity is related to an increased number of incidents, while a stronger safety climate had an inverse relationship. These results imply that productivity climate is a useful factor in understanding employee safety-related incidents, and that managers should attempt to strike a better balance between climates for productivity, quality, and safety. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Evans, DD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 301 Forest Resources Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800004 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT AF Simpson, WT TI Method for interconverting drying and heating times between round and square cross sections of ponderosa pine SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To use small-diameter trees effectively as square timbers, we need to be able to estimate the amount of time it takes for these timbers to air-dry. Since experimental data on estimating air-drying time for small-diameter logs have been developed, this study looked at a way to relate that method to square timbers. Drying times were determined for a group of round cross-section ponderosa pine logs and a group of square timbers. With regression analysis used to relate the two groups, it was shown that there is a square cross section of dimension S that results in the same drying time as a round cross section of diameter A and the relationship between the two dimensions is S = 0.900 D. This relationship allows the conversion of previously published estimates of air-drying times for ponderosa pine logs to air-drying times of square timbers. The conversion is only valid if the sapwood/heartwood ratio is not altered by the round to square conversion. An analysis of analytically calculated heating times for heat sterilization of round and square cross sections further verified the relationship, as well as showing it also is applicable to interconverting heating times between round and square cross sections when one is known but the other is not. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800005 ER PT J AU Fleming, MR Bhardwaj, MC Janowiak, J Shield, JE Roy, R Agrawal, DK Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K AF Fleming, MR Bhardwaj, MC Janowiak, J Shield, JE Roy, R Agrawal, DK Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K TI Noncontact ultrasound detection of exotic insects in wood packing materials SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Nondestructive methods for detection of wood-boring insects such as the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) inside solid wood packing materials is a valuable tool in the fight to exclude exotic insects from attacking a nation's timber resources. Nondestructive, non-contact, ultrasound was investigated as a potential method for detection of cerambycid larvae in solid wood packing materials. If successful, this technology could be used by port inspectors attempting to detect and eliminate the unintentional importation of exotic pests in commercial trade shipping materials. One-inch-thick samples of aspen (Populus spp.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa) wood with and without cerambycid larvae in holes were scanned with 200-kHz ultrasound waves above wood fiber saturation and at low moisture conditions. A pair of noncontact transducers acting as the emitter and the receiver was placed on either side of the wood sample. The resulting transmission data were used to produce ultrasonic images with a state-of-the-art, signal analyzer system for nondestructive sensing applications. We Successfully generated detailed c-scan images for all wood samples.. regardless of species and wood moisture condition. Artificially drilled holes in the wood samples could also be clearly identified in the c-scans. Although both the larva and its movement could be detected in the images when placed on top of the wood, neither was detectable when placed inside the sample. We concluded that with the current technology, 200-kHz ultrasound imaging is not a feasible method for detecting insects in wood packing material. Future research focusing on other forest product or entomology applications such as density measurements of plywood, grading of lumber, and measurement of larval feedingrates derived from changes in tunnel characteristics should be undertaken as these applications may prove feasible with the current state of this technology. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Secondwave Syst, Boalsburg, PA USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res, E Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fleming, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800006 ER PT J AU Todoroki, CL Monserud, RA Parry, DL AF Todoroki, CL Monserud, RA Parry, DL TI Predicting internal lumber grade from log surface knots: Actual and simulated results SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; CROWN PROFILE; DIAMETER; MODELS; TREES AB The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) compare actual with simulated lumber yields; 2) examine the effect of measurement errors associated with knot angles and morphology, on lumber grade; and 3) investigate methods for predicting lumber quality within unsawn logs from surface knots. Twenty-eight Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs were measured, mapped, sawn, and the lumber dried and graded. A corresponding set of digital log models was developed. Further sets that altered knot azimuth (within measurement error), rake (according to branch distributions), and branch morphology (live or dead) were generated. All log models were processed in the sawing simulator AUTOSAW and the Simulated lumber with knot defects was graded to Western Wood Products Association criteria (American Lumber Standards). The simulations showed that lumber grade is sensitive to knot angle, in particular azimuth, and even more so, to morphology. However, other factors not represented in this study have an additional effect on lumber grade. An index, Grade Average, was developed to quantify log quality in terms of lumber grades. In general Grade Average decreased with increasing mean knot diameter. This tendency was stronger for simulated grade yield (r(2) ranging from 0.74 to 0.76) than actual (r(2) = 0.26). Grade Average tended to over-predict when there were fewer than 10 surface knots, and to under-predict with smaller diameter logs. The relationship between actual and simulated Grade Average was quite poor (r(2) ranging from 0.10 to 0.11). These results suggest that knowledge of the log Surface knots alone is not enough to accurately predict internal lumber grade. C1 New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Todoroki, CL (reprint author), New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800007 ER PT J AU Knight, L Huff, M Stockhausen, JI Ross, RJ AF Knight, L Huff, M Stockhausen, JI Ross, RJ TI Comparing energy use and environmental emissions of reinforced wood doors and steel doors SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory has patented a technology that incorporates fiberglass-reinforced wood into the structure of wood doors and other wood building products. The process of reinforcing wood doors with epoxy and fiberglass increases the strength and durability of the product. Also, it allows the use of low-value, small-diameter wood, which conserves mature forests and allows greater utilization of forest material. Since wood and steel are two material options for the construction of residential doors, we compared the potential environmental effects of both products (reinforced wood doors and steel doors) by conducting a partial life-cycle inventory (LCI) to compare the energy use and environmental emissions of the pre-manufacturing and manufacturing life stages of each product. The partial LCI analysis clearly showed that steel doors resulted in significantly more energy use and environmental emissions in all categories studied, including air and waterborne emissions, solid waste, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas generation. C1 ERG Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Franklin Assoc, Div ERG, Prairie Village, KS 66208 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Knight, L (reprint author), ERG Inc, 110 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800008 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Curling, SF Lebow, PK AF Winandy, JE Curling, SF Lebow, PK TI Controlling moisture content of wood samples using a modified soil-pan decay method SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB In wood, the threshold level below which decay cannot occur varies with species or type of wood product and other factors such as temperature, humidity, and propensity of exposure or service-use to allow rain-induced wetting and subsequent drying. The ability to control wood moisture content (MC) during laboratory decay testing could allow research on the moisture thresholds required for the initiation of wood decay over a range of moisture conditions. In this study, we modified the soil-pan decay test method to control wood MC by controlling the vermiculite moisture levels. A model was developed to understand and control wood MC when using this modified soil-pan decay method. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, US Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 938DT UT WOS:000229980800013 ER PT J AU North, M Hurteau, M Fiegener, R Barbour, M AF North, M Hurteau, M Fiegener, R Barbour, M TI Influence of fire and El Nino on tree recruitment varies by species in Sierran mixed conifer SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; Calocedrus decurrens; climate; microclimate; old-growth; Palmer Drought Severity Index; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus lambertiana; Sierra Nevada; Teakettle Experimental Forest ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; NORTHERN PATAGONIA; NEVADA ECOTONE; PONDEROSA PINE; STAND DYNAMICS; AGE STRUCTURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WHITE FIR; FOREST AB The influence of fire and climate events on age structure of different species was examined in old-growth mixed conifer in the southern Sierra Nevada. Within a 48-ha stem-mapped sample area, after a mechanical thinning, all stumps were examined for fire scars and 526 stumps were cut to ground level and aged. Before 1865, which was the last widespread fire event, the mean interval between scars for an individual tree was 17.3 years and the mean fire return interval for the period with the greatest number of recording trees was 11.4 years. A significantly greater than expected number of fires occurred in dry La Nina years, but these fires were not significantly larger in size than fires in other years. The response of mixed-conifer recruitment to climate and fire events varied by species. Before 1865, Jeffrey pine and sugar pine recruitment were correlated with wet El Nino years, but only sugar pine establishment was associated with fire. Red fir recruitment did not follow fire events but was associated with El Nino years before and after 1865. Most white fir and incense cedar (84%), including many large-diameter trees (> 76 cm dbh), recruited after the last widespread fire in 1865. Although tree distribution is clustered in the southern Sierra Nevada, mixed-conifer groups are not age cohorts because species have different recruitment patterns relative to climate and fire events. In mixed conifer, top-down effects of fire and weather on recruitment are mediated by different species responses to these effects and within-stand differences in where species are located. C1 USFS, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), USFS, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd Ave,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mnorth@ucdavis.edu; mdhurteau@ucdavis.edu; mgbarbour@ucdavis.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 NR 69 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500002 ER PT J AU Gray, AN Zald, HSJ Kern, RA North, M AF Gray, AN Zald, HSJ Kern, RA North, M TI Stand conditions associated with tree regeneration in Sierran mixed-conifer forests SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE natural regeneration; microclimate; fire; shrub competition; old-growth; Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; Calocedrus decurrens; Pinus jeffreyi; Pinus lambertiana; Prunus emarginata; Quercus kelloggii; Ceanothus cordulatus; Arctostaphylos patula ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; OLD-GROWTH; WATER-CONTENT; SOIL-WATER; ESTABLISHMENT; CLIMATE; NEVADA; GAPS; WASHINGTON AB Fire suppression has significantly increased canopy cover, litter depth, and stem density in many western forests, altering microsite conditions that affect tree seedling establishment. We conducted studies in a mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California, to determine relationships between established understory trees and microsite quality, and to examine the effect of fire intensity and shrub cover on seedling establishment. Most of the conifer species were found on microsites with relatively high soil moisture and relatively low direct solar radiation. All species had greater frequency under shadier conditions except for Jeffrey pine, which was found on drier, more open microsites. Although seedlings were more abundant on mineral soil than expected, intact litter and forest floor was not a barrier to establishment. Mortality of planted seedlings was high, particularly in exposed areas. Although shrub cover may initially aid survival, few conifer saplings were present in shrub-dominated patches, possibly because shrubs can be aggressive competitors for soil moisture. The lack of regeneration, logs, or snags in many openings suggest that large gaps are hostile environments for tree seedlings. Results suggest that reductions in shrub cover may benefit tree establishment, but increasing understory light and decreasing surface soil moisture through canopy cover reductions may not. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gray, AN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW,Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM agray01@fs.fed.us; hzald@fs.fed.us; rakern@csufresno.edu; mnorth@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 198 EP 210 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500003 ER PT J AU Erickson, HE Soto, P Johnson, DW Roath, B Hunsaker, C AF Erickson, HE Soto, P Johnson, DW Roath, B Hunsaker, C TI Effects of vegetation patches on soil nutrient pools and fluxes within a mixed-conifer forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil nitrogen; soil carbon; net nitrogen mineralization; Ceanothus; Sierra Nevada forests; Abies concolor ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; PINE STANDS; FIRE; CARBON; DYNAMICS; AVAILABILITY; RESPONSES; TRANSFORMATIONS AB At a spatially heterogeneous mixed-conifer forest in the central California Sierras, we quantified total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), inorganic N, and net N mineralization in organic (0) and surface (0-15 cm) mineral soils, and in situ fluxes of inorganic N and ortho-phosphate using resin lysimeters under three patch types: closed canopy conifer, sparsely vegetated open canopy, and Ceanothus cordulatus thickets. In 0 horizons, total N and C pools ranked: closed canopy > Ceanothus > open canopy. In mineral soils, total N pools under Ceanothus exceeded those under closed canopy patches by about 30%. For 2 years, nitrate concentrations and rates of net N mineralization in 0 horizons were 4X greater under Ceanothus than under the other patch types. Similarly, ammonium concentrations and net N mineralization in mineral horizons were more than 80 and 200% greater, respectively, under Ceanothus than under the other patch types. In situ fluxes of nitrate were 4 X greater beneath Ceanothus for 1 year, and no differences were found among the patch types for another year. Despite the interannual variability, our data suggest that Ceanothus contributes to a greater proportion of total N mineralized than based on cover alone, and may be important for forest nutrition under current conditions and after forest burning. C1 Univ Metropolitan, Sch Sci & Technol, San Juan, PR 00928 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USFS, Sierra Natl Forest, Clovis, CA 96311 USA. USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Erickson, HE (reprint author), 12410 SE McGillivray Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM ericksonheather@yahoo.com; dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500004 ER PT J AU Ma, SY Chen, JQ Butnor, JR North, M Euskirchen, ES Oakley, B AF Ma, SY Chen, JQ Butnor, JR North, M Euskirchen, ES Oakley, B TI Biophysical controls on soil respiration in the dominant patch types of an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil CO2 efflux; soil temperature; soil moisture; Sierra Nevada; California ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFLUX; SIERRA-NEVADA ECOTONE; CO2 EFFLUX; ROOT RESPIRATION; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; PINUS-RADIATA; BEECH FOREST AB Little is known about biophysical controls on soil respiration in California's Sierra Nevada old-growth, mixed-conifer forests. Using portable and automated soil respiration sampling units, we measured soil respiration rate (SRR) in three dominant patch types: closed canopy (CC), ceanothus-dominated patches (CECO), and open canopy (OC). SRR varied significantly among the patch types, ranging from 2.0 to 4.5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and from 0.9 to 2.9 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) during the 1999 and 2000 measuring periods, respectively, with the maximum in CECO and the minimum in OC. Multiple peaks of seasonal SRR were functions of soil temperature and moisture dynamics. The relationship between SRR and soil temperature switched from a positive to a negative correlation when soil moisture dropped from saturation to drought. Time lag, as a function of soil moisture, was included in an exponential model to assess the effects of soil moisture on SRR in this seasonal water-stressed ecosystem. The total soil C flux summed by an area-weighted average across all three patch types was 660 +/- 163 g C m(-2) from May to Oct. 2000. These results may be applicable to other water-stressed forests in the Mediterranean climate zone, and have implications for the conservation of soil carbon. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ma, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sma@nature.berkeley.edu; jiquan.chen@utoledo.edu; jbutnor@fs.fed.us; mpnorth@ucdavis.edu; ffese@uaf.edu; boakley@u.washington.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 70 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500005 ER PT J AU Izzo, AD Meyer, M Trappe, JM North, M Bruns, TD AF Izzo, AD Meyer, M Trappe, JM North, M Bruns, TD TI Hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species on roots and in small mammal diet in a mixed-conifer forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mycophagy; community structure; fecal pellet ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PINUS-MURICATA FOREST; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLEAR-CUT; DIVERSITY; SPECIFICITY; GROWTH; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; IDENTIFICATION; RHIZOPOGON AB The purpose of this study was to estimate the portion of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi root community with a hypogeous fruiting habit. We used molecular methods (DNA sequence analysis of the internally transcribed spacer [ITS] region of rDNA) to compare three viewpoints: ECM fungi on the roots in a southern Sierra Nevada Abies-dominated old-growth forest, fungi in seat samples collected from small mammals in the same forest, and hypogeous sporocarps found throughout the Sierra Nevada. We found that hypogeous taxa accounted for a minimum of 21% of the species and 25-40% of the dry root biomass of all samples. This estimate is two to three times greater than estimates from previous studies. This difference may be due to methodological advantages of this study, but may also be related to conditions in dry forests typical of western North America where prolonged drought may favor this form of fruiting. Although molecular analysis of scat samples did not add to our view of the ECM roots, we readily isolated sequences from Rhizopogon species. From these results we inferred that two species, R. occidentalis and R. olivaceotinctus, are represented primarily in the spore bank and may be dependent on substantial disturbance to become abundant on roots. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Izzo, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM Izzo@tfrl.ars.usda.gov; mdmeyer@ucdavis.edu; trappej@onid.orst.edu; mpnorth@ucdavis.edu; pogon@berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500007 ER PT J AU Smith, TF Rizzo, DM North, M AF Smith, TF Rizzo, DM North, M TI Patterns of mortality in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest of the southern Sierra Nevada, California SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy gaps; density-dependent mortality; dwarf mistletoe; bark beetles; root rot ID SAN-PEDRO-MARTIR; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; DWARF MISTLETOE; FIR FOREST; WHITE FIR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS; ECOSYSTEM; INSECTS AB Mortality patterns in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest, in the absence of wildfire, were investigated at the Teakettle Experimental Forest from 2000 to 2002. We tested the hypothesis that after a century of fire suppression, pathogen- and insect-associated mortality (between episodic droughts) would be significantly greater on ingrowth trees (i.e., smaller-diameter, shade-tolerant species in high-density clusters). Using a survey of over 30,000 mapped trees, overall mortality, as measured by standing dead trees, was 8.7% of all stems >= 5 cm dbh. Mortality levels were proportional to the population size of the five dominant conifer species, white fir (Abies concolor), red fir (A. magnifica), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana). There was also no significant difference in mortality between shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species. All dead trees were clustered within plots. Mortality was significantly higher than expected for large-diameter trees (> 100 cm dbh) with all conifer species combined and for each individual species, except Jeffrey pine. Small-diameter dead trees were grouped in high-density clusters. Mortality was less than expected among small-diameter trees (5-20 cm dbh) for all species combined, red and white fir, and sugar pine. Mortality for all conifers was higher than expected in areas of high stand density and lower in areas of low stand density. Mortality of small-diameter trees was clustered and particularly high in areas of high stand density. Our data suggest pathogen- and insect-associated mortality is significantly greater in areas of high stand density but it is not higher for shade-tolerant species. Furthermore, mortality is higher than expected for large-diameter trees, suggesting an acceleration of old-tree mortality under current fire suppression conditions. C1 Calif Dept Forest & Fire Protect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr,Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smith, TF (reprint author), Calif Dept Forest & Fire Protect, 5800 Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tom.smith@fire.ca.gov; dmrizzo@ucdavis.edu; mpnorth@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 266 EP 275 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 935FH UT WOS:000229764500009 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Steidley, KR AF Knothe, G Steidley, KR TI Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel components and related compounds. Influence of compound structure and comparison to petrodiesel fuel components SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; diesel fuel; fatty compounds; hydrocarbons; kinematic viscosity ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; FATTY-ACIDS; BINARY-MIXTURES; VEGETABLE-OILS; DERIVATIVES; DENSITIES AB Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats is an alternative diesel fuel that is steadily gaining attention and significance. One of the most important fuel properties of biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel derived from petroleum is viscosity, which is also an important property of lubricants. Ranges of acceptable kinematic viscosity are specified in various biodiesel and petrodiesel standards. In this work, the kinematic viscosity of numerous fatty compounds as well as components of petrodiesel were determined at 40 degrees C (ASTM D445) as this is the temperature prescribed in biodiesel and petrodiesel standards. The objective is to obtain a database on kinematic viscosity under identical conditions that can be used to define the influence of compound structure on kinematic viscosity. Kinematic viscosity increases with chain length of either the fatty acid or alcohol moiety in a fatty ester or in an aliphatic hydrocarbon. The increase in kinematic viscosity over a certain number of carbons is smaller in aliphatic hydrocarbons than in fatty compounds. The kinematic viscosity of unsaturated fatty compounds strongly depends on the nature and number of double bonds with double bond position affecting viscosity less. Terminal double bonds in aliphatic hydrocarbons have a comparatively small viscosity-reducing effect. Branching in the alcohol moiety does not significantly affect viscosity compared to straight-chain analogues. Free fatty acids or compounds with hydroxy groups possess significantly higher viscosity. The viscosity range of fatty compounds is greater than that of various hydrocarbons comprising petrodiesel. The effect of dibenzothiophene, a sulfur-containing compound found in petrodiesel fuel, on viscosity of toluene is less than that of fatty esters or long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. To further assess the influence of the nature of oxygenated moieties on kinematic viscosity, compounds with 10 carbons and varying oxygenated moieties were investigated. A reversal in the effect on viscosity of the carboxylic acid moiety vs. the alcohol moiety is noted for the C10 compounds compared to unsaturated C18 compounds. Overall, the sequence of influence on kinematic viscosity of oxygenated moieties is COOH approximate to C-OH > COOCH(3)approximate to CO > C-O-C > no oxygen. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 35 TC 316 Z9 319 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN PY 2005 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1059 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.01.016 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 915PW UT WOS:000228317300004 ER PT J AU Nakata, E Staub, J Lopez-Sese, A Katzir, N AF Nakata, E Staub, J Lopez-Sese, A Katzir, N TI Genetic diversity of Japanese melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA and simple sequence repeat markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE diversity analysis; genetic distance; germplasm management; RAPD; SSR ID MOLECULAR VARIATION; RAPD MARKERS; GERMPLASM; ISOZYME; RFLP AB The genetic diversity among 67 melon (C. melo L.) cultivars from five Japanese seed companies was assessed using 25 10-mer RAPD primers (56 bands) and nine SSR (36 alleles) markers. These cultivars belong to three horticultural varieties (synom. Groups) spanning eight melon market classes: Group Cantalupensis (market classes Earl's, House, Galia, Charentais, and Ogen), Group Inodorus [Honeydew and Casaba melons (market classes Amarillo, Piel de Sapo, Rochet, Negro, Crenshaw, and Tendral)], and Group Conomon (market class Oriental). Genetic variation among these cultivars was compared to variation in a reference array (RA) consisting of 34 selected melon accessions from previous studies. Cluster analysis resulted in 11 of 15 Japanese Oriental accessions forming a group with South African RA accessions. The remaining Group Conomon Japanese accessions grouped either with Casaba or with Honeydew cultivars. Japanese Group Conomon accessions and South African RA accessions formed a genetic group that was distinct from all other accessions studied, and suggests either an Asiatic origin for the South African melon germplasm examined or an independent domestication involving similar ancestors. The majority of Japanese House and Earl market class accessions shared genetic affinities, and were genetically different from the Japanese Group Inodorus accessions examined. These Japanese accessions were most similar to Casaba RA accessions. Japanese Galia accessions were similar to either House and Earl's market classes or to Galia, Ogen, Casaba, and Honeydew RA accessions. Genetic differences exist between melon types that were domesticated from wild, 'free-living' subspecies agrestis and from melo. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sakata Seed, Kakegawa 4360115, Japan. Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Staub, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10722-005-2258-9 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 981QE UT WOS:000233102300007 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, CE Simmons, AM Thies, JA AF Levi, A Thomas, CE Simmons, AM Thies, JA TI Analysis based on RAPD and ISSR markers reveals closer similarities among Citrullus and cucumis species than with Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Citrullus; cucumber; Cucumis; Cucurbitaceae; disease resistance; melon; pest resistance; Praecitrullus fistulosus; watermelon ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED WATERMELON; HORNED CUCUMBER; MELO L; RESISTANCE; METULIFERUS; LANATUS; COLOCYNTHIS; CROSS; CUCURBITACEAE AB A cucurbit species named Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, which thrives in India, is considered to be a distant relative of watermelon. Recent experiments indicated that it has mild resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). However, our attempts to cross various US plant introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus with watermelon or other Citrullus PIs have not been successful. Thus, to determine genetic relatedness among those species, phylogenetic analysis [based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored (also termed ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers] was conducted among PIs of P. fistulosus, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (watermelon), C. lanatus var. citroides and the wild Citrullus colocynthis. Phylogenetic relationships were also examined with Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and wild Cucumis species including C. africanus, C. metuliferus, C. anguria, C. meeusei, and C. zeyheri. Wide genetic distance exists between Citrullus and Cucumis groups (8% genetic similarity). Phylogenetic relationships among Citrullus species and subspecies are closer (25-55% genetic similarity) as compared with those among most Cucumis species (14-68% genetic similarity). P. fistulosus appeared to be distant from both Cucumis and Citrullus species (genetic similarity between P. fistulosus and Cucumis or Citrullus groups is less than 3%). Although wide genetic differences and reproductive barriers exist among cucurbit species examined in this study, they are still considered as potential germplasm source for enhancing watermelon and melon crops using traditional breeding and biotechnology procedures. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alevi@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10722-005-2260-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 981QE UT WOS:000233102300012 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, MD Doyungan, Z Savard, J Snow, K Crumly, LR Shippy, TD Stuart, JJ Brown, SJ Beeman, RW AF Lorenzen, MD Doyungan, Z Savard, J Snow, K Crumly, LR Shippy, TD Stuart, JJ Brown, SJ Beeman, RW TI Genetic linkage maps of the red hour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, based on bacterial artificial chromosomes and expressed sequence tags SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLANKING SEQUENCES; INVERSE PCR; RESISTANCE; CLONING AB A genetic linkage map was constructed in a backcross family of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, based largely on sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) ends and untranslated regions from random cDNA's. In most cases, dimorphisms were detected using heteroduplex or single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis after specific PCR amplification. The map incorporates a total of 424 markers, including 190 BACs and 165 cDNA's, as well as 69 genes, transposon insertion sites, sequence-tagged sites, microsatellites, and amplified fragment-length polymorphisms. Mapped loci are distributed along 571 cM, spanning all 10 linkage groups at an average marker separation of 1.3 cM. This genetic map provides a framework for positional cloning and a scaffold for integration of the emerging physical map and genome sequence assembly. The map and corresponding sequences can be accessed through BeetleBase (http://www.bioinformatics.ksu.edu/BeetleBase/). C1 ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Genet, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594-13, R01 HD029594] NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 741 EP 747 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.032227 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 944PT UT WOS:000230441900023 PM 15834150 ER PT J AU Johnson-Maynard, JL Graham, RC Shouse, PJ Quideau, SA AF Johnson-Maynard, JL Graham, RC Shouse, PJ Quideau, SA TI Base cation and silicon biogeochemistry under pine and scrub oak monocultures: implications for weathering rates SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE chaparral; soil solution chemistry; base cations; atmospheric deposition; mineral weathering ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL ACIDIFICATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; NUTRIENTS; TREE; CALIFORNIA; CALCIUM; DISSOLUTION; CONVERSION AB Vegetation type has a profound influence over biogeochemical processes, including canopy leaching, stemflow, litterfall, and nutrient uptake. Understanding the relationship between plants and soil processes, such as mineral weathering, is a difficult task considering the interactions among biotic and abiotic soil-forming factors. In this study, soils planted with pure stands of scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.) and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri B. Don) were used to identify key biogeochemical processes in each soil-plant system. The experimental design, a true biosequence, allowed an opportunity to link biogeochemical processes to mineral weathering. Precipitation, throughfall, litter leachate, and soil solutions were collected following rain events from November of 1996 to April of 1998. Relatively high Na and Ca concentrations in pine throughfall suggest that atmospheric deposition is a more important process within the pine canopy than is canopy leaching. In contrast to pine throughfall, mean K concentrations were higher than Ca in oak throughfall, reflecting the importance of canopy leaching. Nutrient cycling was more rapid within the scrub oak soil-plant system as evidenced by significantly reduced levels of cations in soil solution at the 7.5 cm depth compared to litter leachate. Mean Si concentrations at the 65 cm depth were 334 mu mol L(-1) under oak and 431 mu mol L(-1) under pine. Silicon and base cation fluxes indicate higher weathering rates under pine. Solution chemistry shows that canopy and nutrient cycling processes are different between the two species and are impacting the cation loss rates. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Soil & Water Sci Program, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Johnson-Maynard, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jmaynard@uidaho.edu; graham@citrus.ucr.edu; PSHOUSE@ussl.ars.usda.gov; Sylvie.quideau@ualberta.ca RI Johnson-Maynard, Jodi/E-9518-2013; Quideau, Sylvie/C-9646-2015 OI Quideau, Sylvie/0000-0002-2297-9024 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.10.007 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 926NL UT WOS:000229129800012 ER PT J AU Mead, LS Clayton, DR Nauman, RS Olson, DH Pfrender, ME AF Mead, LS Clayton, DR Nauman, RS Olson, DH Pfrender, ME TI Newly discovered populations of salamanders from Siskiyou County California represent a species distinct from Plethodon storami SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE California; mitochondrial DNA; morphological variation; new species; Plethodontidae; Plethodon asupak; Plethodon elongatus; Plethodon stormi; Siskiyou County ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ENSATINA-ESCHSCHOLTZII; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COMPLEX; DNA AB Plethodon stormi and Plethodon elongatus are two closely related species of plethodontid salamanders that are restricted to the Klamath Province of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. Discovery of three localities south of the Klamath River, in the Scott River drainage, not assignable to either P. elongatus or P. stormi, motivated closer examination of this complex. We describe molecular (mitochondrial DNA) and morphological variation among specimens collected from the three newly discovered populations and compare these to populations of P. elongatus and P. stormi from Siskiyou County, California and Jackson and Josephine Counties, Oregon. Analyses of mitochondrial sequence data from the ATPase 6 and cytochrome b genes recovered clades corresponding to P. elongatus, P. stormi and the Scott River populations. Multivariate analyses indicate that Scott River drainage animals are morphologically distinct from P. elongatus and P. stormi. Because both genetic and morphological data indicate that the Scott River populations are distinctive, we provide a description of a new species, Plethodon asupak, to reflect the evolutionary history of this group and facilitate species management. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Roseburg Field Off, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mead, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sect Ecol & Evolut, 2320 Storer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lmead@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2 BP 158 EP 177 DI 10.1655/03-86 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926CI UT WOS:000229100000009 ER PT J AU Chien, CL Chen, YC Chang, MF Greenberg, AS Wang, SM AF Chien, CL Chen, YC Chang, MF Greenberg, AS Wang, SM TI Magnolol induces the distributional changes of p160 and adipose differentiation-related protein in adrenal cells SO HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnolol; adipose differentiation-related protein; p160; adrenal cells ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLASE; LIPID DROPLETS; ADRENOCORTICAL-CELLS; GLOMERULOSA CELLS; SIGNALING CASCADE; RAT ADIPOCYTES; PERILIPIN-A; IN-VIVO; KINASE AB Magnolol stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis and induces the distributional changes of p160 and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) in rat adrenal cells. This study investigated the underlying signaling mechanisms involved in these processes. Magnolol (30 mu M) caused a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) in cultured adrenal cells. The following evidence supports a link between ERK activation and p160 translocation. First, the magnolol-induced redistribution of p160 from the lipid droplet surface to the cytosol, resulting in the decrease in the percentages of p160-positive cells, and this decrease in p160-positive cells was completely blocked by pretreatment with either of the MAPK-ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors PD98059 or U0126. Second, magnolol did not significantly decrease total p160 protein levels but caused an increase in threonine phosphorylation of p160, which reached a maximum after 5 min of magnolol treatment, and this magnolol-induced phosphorylation of p160 was prevented by pretreatment with U0126, suggesting the involvement of ERK. In addition, magnolol decreased both ADRP immunostaining intensity at the lipid droplet surface and the percentage of ADRP-positive cells. This was further confirmed biochemically by the decrease in ADRP levels in total cell homogenates and in lipid droplet fractions. Magnolol-induced decrease in ADRP staining at the lipid droplet surface was not affected by pretreatment with PD98059 or U0126, indicating that ERK signaling was not involved in this event. Furthermore, treatment with 30 mu M magnolol for 6 h resulted in about 50% decrease in ADRP protein level. Therefore, decreased protein levels of p160 and ADRP at the lipid droplet surface induced by magnolol were mediated via two different mechanisms: phosphorylation of p160 and downregulation of ADRP expression, respectively. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Coll Med, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Coll Med, 1-1 Jen Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. EM smwang@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw OI CHIEN, CHUNG-LIANG/0000-0001-9806-486X NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0948-6143 J9 HISTOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Histochem. Cell Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4-5 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00418-005-0771-8 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Microscopy SC Cell Biology; Microscopy GA 936ST UT WOS:000229876400009 PM 15844002 ER PT J AU Via, BK Shupe, TF Stine, M So, CL Groom, LH AF Via, BK Shupe, TF Stine, M So, CL Groom, LH TI Tracheid length prediction in Pinus palustris by means of near infrared spectroscopy: the influence of age SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; WOOD PROPERTIES; PULP AB The prediction of tracheid length using near infrared (NIR) wavelengths can provide either useful or misleading calibrations depending on the context. This can happen since tracheid length is not directly related to the absorbance at any wavelength but is instead the result of a secondary correlation with some unknown chemical constituent. In this work, the effect of tree age and height on NIR predictability was investigated since tracheid length and chemistry may vary as a function of location within the tree. It was found that tracheid length predictability did not change with height but decreased with age. As a result, predicting tracheid length regardless of age was good (R-2 = 0.72) while predictability holding age and height constant was mostly low to moderate with with the exception of rings 1 and 4 which was quite strong. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@lsu.edu OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s00107-004-0567-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 942VG UT WOS:000230310400009 ER PT J AU Yorgey, BM Finn, CE AF Yorgey, BM Finn, CE TI Comparison of 'Marion' to thornless blackberry genotypes as individually quick-frozen and puree products SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trailing blackberry; fruit processing; IQF ID EVERGREEN AB The trailing blackberries (Rubus sp. L.), particularly 'Marion', are the primary blackberries grown for the processing market and they are largely machine harvested. While 'Marion' is well known for its processed fruit quality, particularly flavor, aroma, and perception of low seediness, it has spines (thorns) that can be dislodged when machine harvested and end up in the product. A primary goal of the USDA-ARS blackberry breeding program in Corvallis is the development of cultivars that are comparable to 'Marion' in fruit quality but are spineless (thornless). Nine thornless selections were compared with four standard cultivars as individually quick-frozen (IQF) and puree products in a blind evaluation. Each sample was scored panelists from the blackberry industry and research program. IQF samples were scored for appearance, color, seediness, flavor, and overall quality by 21 panelists and purees were scored for color, flavor, aroma, and overall quality by 25 panelists. Both panels used a 9 point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely, 5 = neither like nor dislike, 9 = like extremely). With the exception of color, there were significant differences among all genotypes for all traits evaluated in the IQF and pureed products. ORUS 1380-1 was ranked similar to 'Marion' and significantly better than 'Waldo', in overall quality of the IQF product. In puree form, ORUS 1843-1 and ORUS 1843-3 had the highest ranking in overall quality, but were only both statistically different from ORUS 1489-2. For pureed product flavor, ORUS 1843-1 was the highest rated selection but was not statistically different from 'Marion'. While ORUS 1843-1 and ORUS 1843-3 hold great promise, they are from a cross between wild collected Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schit. and 'Waldo' and as a result have some negative characteristics of the native species, particularly small fruit size. The puree quality of NZ 912811-1, NZ 9351-4 and ORUS 1380-1 was similar to 'Marion' and these genotypes offer promise as thornless replacements for 'Marion'. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Yorgey, BM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 513 EP 515 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200001 ER PT J AU Beckman, TG Alcazar, JR Sherman, WB Werner, DJ AF Beckman, TG Alcazar, JR Sherman, WB Werner, DJ TI Evidence for qualitative suppression of red skin color in peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Recently observed hybrid populations of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] provide evidence for the presence of a single gene suppressing red skin color. The fruit of seedling populations of FL90-48C and FL90-37C x FL84-18C, FL90-50CN x FL92-2C, FL90-48C x FL91-12, FL91-8 x FL88-6, and open-pollinated or selfed populations from unselected seedlings of 'Contender' x P165977 ('Giallo di Padova') and 'Mexico Selection' x 'Oro A' were rated for normal quantitative vs. no anthocyanin skin color at maturity. At this stage of development, anthocyaninless phenotypes displayed no red color over the entire surface of the fruit. Instead they were characterized by a bright yellow ground color that stood out visually in the seedling rows, and which was dubbed highlighter. The two crosses with FL84-18C yielded populations that approximated a 1:1 segregation ratio for quantitative red:no red skin color. All other crosses produced populations that closely approximated a 3:1 segregation ratio for quantitative red to no red. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the highlighter phenotype is a single gene recessive trait. We propose the gene symbols of h and H for the recessive no red (highlighter) and dominant normal quantitative red (wild-type) alleles, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Colegio Postgrad, Programe Fruticultura, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 523 EP 524 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200004 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD Matheron, ME Tickes, BR Platts, B AF McCreight, JD Matheron, ME Tickes, BR Platts, B TI Fusarium wilt race 1 on lettuce SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lactucae; breeding; disease resistance AB Three races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae, cause of fusarium wilt of lettuce, are known in Japan, where the pathogen was first observed in 1955. Fusarium wilt first affected commercial U.S. lettuce production in 1990 in Huron, Calif., but did not become a serious problem in the U.S. until 2001 when it reappeared in Huron and appeared in the Yuma, Arizona lettuce production area. Reactions of three fusarium wilt differentials ('Patriot', susceptible to races 1, 2 and 3; 'Costa Rica No. 4', resistant to race 1, and susceptible to races 2 and 3; and 'Banchu Red Fire', susceptible to races 1 and 3, and resistant to race 2) in a naturally-infected commercial field test and artificially-inoculated greenhouse tests, indicated presence of race I in the Yuma lettuce production area. Reactions of these differentials to an isolate from Huron confirmed the presence of race 1 in that area. Consistent with previous results from the U.S. and Japan, 'Salinas' and 'Salinas 88' were resistant to the Yuma and Huron isolates of race 1, whereas 'Vanguard' was highly susceptible. Limited F, and F 2 data indicate that resistance to race 1 in 'Costa Rica No. 4' and 'Salinas' is recessive. 'Calmar' is the likely source of resistance in 'Salinas' and 'Salinas 88'. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Arizona, Cooperat Extens, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. Dole Fresh Vegetables, Salinas, CA 93902 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 529 EP 531 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200006 ER PT J AU Gulsen, O Shearman, RC Vogel, KP Lee, DJ Baenziger, PS Heng-Moss, TM Budak, H AF Gulsen, O Shearman, RC Vogel, KP Lee, DJ Baenziger, PS Heng-Moss, TM Budak, H TI Nuclear genome diversity and relationships among naturally occurring buffalograss genotypes determined by sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Buchloe dactyloides; germplasm; phylogeny; polyploidy ID DACTYLOIDES NUTT ENGELM; POPULATIONS; PCR AB Buffalograss [Buchloedactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] has the potential for increased use as a turfgrass species due to its low maintenance and water conservation characteristics. This study was conducted to estimate diversity and relationships among naturally occurring buffalograss genotypes based on the nuclear genome, using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The 56 genotypes studied represented five ploidy levels collected from diverse geographic locations in the North American Great Plains. In addition, blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Ex Steud.] and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were included as outgroups. Twenty-five combinations of forward and reverse primers were used. Ninety-five intensively amplified markers were scored and used to infer diversity and relationships among the genotypes. All buffalograss genotypes were discriminated from each other with similarity values ranging from 0.70 to 0.95. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the 56 genotypes could be reduced to 50 due to high similarity levels among some of the genotypes. The distance between buffalograsses, blue grama, and perennial ryegrass were consistent with current taxonomical distances. This research indicates that SRAP markers can be used to estimate genetic diversity and relationships among naturally occurring buffalograss genotypes. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shearman, RC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rshearman@unl.edu RI Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; Heng-Moss, Tiffany/F-8200-2013; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200008 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Organic vegetable transplant production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; bell pepper; Capsicum annuum; Citrullus lanatus; conventional; onion; organic; transplant; watermelon; media ID QUALITY; COMPOST; YIELD; ONION; BIOSOLIDS; GROWTH; MEDIA; AGE AB The efficacy of using potting media and fertilizers that are alternatives to conventional materials to produce vegetable transplants needs clarification. Bell pepper, onion and watermelon seed were sown in Container Mix, Lawn and Garden Soil, and Potting Soil, which can be used for organic production in greenhouse transplant production. The alternative media were amended with a 1x rate of Sea Tea liquid fertilizer. Comparisons were made to a system using a conventional potting medium, Reddi-Earth, fertilized with a half-strength (0.5x) rate of a soluble synthetic fertilizer (Peters). Watermelon, bell pepper and onion seedlings were lifted at 3, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, and heights and dry weights determined. Watermelon were sufficiently vigorous for transplanting regardless of which medium and fertilizer was used. Bell pepper and onion at the scheduled lifting were sufficiently vigorous only if produced with conventional materials. Additional experiments were designed to determine the reason(s) for the weaker seedlings when the alternative products were used. Seedlings maintained in transplant trays, in which media amended weekly with Sea Tea were required to be held for up to an additional 34 days before being vigorous enough for transplanting. Six-week-old bell pepper, or 8-week-old onion, seedlings were transferred to Reddi-Earth in pots and supplied with Sea Tea or Peters fertilizer. Bell pepper treated with Peters were taller and heavier, but onions plants were similar in height and weight regardless of fertilizer used. Other pepper seed were planted in Reddi-Earth and fertilized weekly with Sea Tea at 0.5x, 1x, 2x, or 4x the recommended rate, or the 0.5x rate of Peters. There was a positive linear relationship between seedling height and dry weight for seedlings treated with increasing rates of Sea Tea. Other pepper seed were planted in to Potting Soil, or an organically certified potting medium (Sunshine), and fertilized with a 2x or 4x rate of Sea Tea or a 1 x, 2x, or 4x rate of an organic fertilizer (Rocket Fuel), or in Reddi-Earth fertilized with a 0.5x rate of Peters. There was a positive linear relationship between the rate of Rocket Fuel and heights and dry weights of bell pepper seedlings. However, even at the highest rate seedlings were not equivalent to those produced with conventional practices. Plants treated with the 4x rate of Sea Tea were similar to those produced using conventional materials. Use of Sunshine potting medium and the 4x rate of Sea Tea will produce bell pepper seedlings equivalent in height and dry weight to those produced using conventional materials. The 4x rate of Rocket Fuel used in Sunshine potting medium will produce adequate bell pepper seedlings. The original poor showing of seedlings in the alternative potting media appears to be due to fertilization with Sea Tea at a rate that does not adequately support seedling development. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 623 EP 628 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200027 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Poss, JA Grattan, SR Shouse, PJ Lieth, JH Zeng, L AF Grieve, CM Poss, JA Grattan, SR Shouse, PJ Lieth, JH Zeng, L TI Productivity and mineral nutrition of Limonium species irrigated with saline wastewaters SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cut flowers; drainage water reuse; ion selectivity; salinity; sand cultures; statice; stem length ID WATER RELATIONS; TOLERANCE; STRESS; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; RATIOS; PLANT AB To explore the possibility that saline wastewaters may be used to grow commercially acceptable floriculture crops, a study was initiated to determine the effects of salinity on two statice cultivars. Limonium perezii (Stapf) F. T. Hubb. 'Blue Seas' and L. sinuatum (L.) Mill 'American Beauty' were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated with waters prepared to simulate saline drainage waters typically present in the western San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Seven salinity treatments were imposed on 3-week-old seedlings. Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters (EC) were 2.5 (control), 7, 11, 15, 20, 25, and 30 dS center dot m(-1). Vegetative shoots were sampled for biomass production and ion analysis ten weeks after application of stress. Flower stem numbers, length, and weight were determined at harvest. Stem length of L. perezii was significantly reduced when irrigation water salinity exceeded a threshold of 2.5 dS center dot m(-1). Salt tolerance threshold based on stem length for L. sinuatum was 7 dS m-1. The species exhibited significant differences in shoot-ion relations which appear to be related to differences in salt tolerance. Sodium, K+, Mg2+, and total-P were more strongly accumulated in the leaves of L. sinuatum than L. perezii. Both species accumulated K+ in preference to Na+, but selectivity for K+ over Na+ was significantly higher in L. sinualum than in the more salt-sensitive L. perezii. Chloride concentration in L. sinuatum leaves increased significantly as salinity increased, whereas the 20-fold increase in substrate-Cl had no effect on leaf-Cl in L. perezii. Both Limonium species completed their life cycles at salt concentrations exceeding 30 dS center dot m(-1), a character associated with halophytic plants. Maximum growth of each species, however, occurred under relatively low salt stress, and steadily declined as external salinity increased. Based on this crop productivity response, L. perezii should be rated as sensitive and L sinuatum as moderately tolerant. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 654 EP 658 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200033 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Culpepper, AS AF Webster, TM Culpepper, AS TI Halosulfuron has a variable effect on cucurbit growth and yield SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cucumber; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita pepo; Cyperus esculentus; Cyperus rotundus; methyl bromide alternative; purple nutsedge; yellow nutsedge; zucchini squash ID CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS CONTROL; NUTSEDGE; ROTUNDUS; HERBICIDES; CROPS; PREEMERGENCE; MANAGEMENT; FUMIGANTS; MON-12037; SQUASH AB Halosulfuron is a proposed alternative to methyl bromide for managing nutsedges (Cyperus spp.) in several vegetable crops, including cucurbits. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the crop sensitivity to halosulfuron in a spring squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)-fall cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation from 2000 to 2002. Treatments included application of halosulfuron to the soil surface after forming the bed, but before laying mulch (halosulfuron-PRE), halosulfuron applied through drip irrigation (halosulfuron-DRIP) after forming bed and laying mulch, metham applied through drip irrigation after forming bed and laying mulch, a nontreated control with mulch, and nontreated control without mulch. Each treatment was applied to both direct seeded and transplanted zucchini squash. Halosulfuron treatments reduced squash plant diameter relative to metham, however plant diameters in halosulfuron-PRE (transplant and direct seed) and halosulfuron-DRIP (transplant) treatments were not different from the nontreated control. Halosulfuron-PRE delayed squash fruit production relative to the mulched nontreated control, However, application of halosulfuron-PRE and halosulfuron-DRIP did not reduce squash yield at the conclusion of the season, relative to the nontreated control. Cucumbers were transplanted and direct seeded into previous squash plots and received either an application of halosulfuron-DRIP, or were not treated. Differences in cucumber yields were not detected with second crop treatments. Cucumbers appear to have adequate tolerance to halosulfuron, making it a potential replacement for methyl bromide for nutsedge control. Suppression of early season squash growth by halosulfuron may hinder the adoption of halosulfuron as a methyl bromide alternative for squash. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 707 EP 710 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200045 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Glenn, DM Tworkoski, T AF Takeda, F Glenn, DM Tworkoski, T TI Weed control with hydrophobic and hydrous kaolin clay particle mulches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE primocane; corn gluten meal; napropamide; yield; herbicide; Rubus ID COMPETITION; RASPBERRY; NITROGEN; CULTURE AB Three experiments were performed to determine the effect of amending the soil surface layer and mulching with hydrophobic kaolin particle on weeds and blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) plants. In the first study a processed kaolin material (product M-96-018, Engelhard Corporation, Iselin, N.J.), was incorporated in August into the top 3 cm of freshly roto-tilled field that had been in pasture the previous 5 years. The following spring, dry weight of weed vegetation in the control treatment was 219 g center dot m(-2) and was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the 24 g center dot m(-2) harvested from the treated soil. In two other studies, planting holes for blackberry transplants were either 1) pre- or postplant mulched with a 2- or 4-cm layer of 5% or 10% hydrophobic kaolin in field soil (w/w), or 2) postplant treated with a) napropamide, b) corn gluten meal, c) a product comprised of hydrous kaolin, cotton seed oil, and calcium chloride in water (KOL), d) hand weeded, or e) left untreated. Although untreated plots had 100% weed cover by the end of July, herbicide treatments, 4-cm deposition of hydrophobic kaolin particle/soil mulch, and KOL all suppressed weeds the entire establishment year. Preplant application of hydrophobic kaolin mulch and postplant application of KOL reduced blackberry growth and killed transplants, respectively. In year 2, blackberry plants produced more primocanes that were on average 10-cm taller in weed-free plots (herbicide, 4-cm kaolin soil mulch, and mechanical weeding) than in weedy plots (control and 2-cm kaolin soil mulch). In year 3, yield was significantly lower in control plots (1.5 kg/plant) than in plots that were treated with napropamide and 2- and 4-cm hydrophobic kaolin mulch, or hand weeded during the establishment year (4 kg/plant). The results showed that 4-cm hydrophobic kaolin mulch applied after planting can suppress weeds without affecting blackberry productivity. These kaolin products are excellent additions to the arsenal of tools for managing weeds in horticultural crops. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ftakeda@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 714 EP 719 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200047 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi alters fertilizer use of highbush blueberry cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum ID VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON AIT; HYMENOSCYPHUS-ERICAE; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; NITROGEN-SOURCES; CORYMBOSUM L; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; SOIL; INFECTION; PLANT AB Seven highbush blueberry cultivars were inoculated with one of three different isolates of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and grown in pots for 2 years with either inorganic or organic fertilizer. Root colonization of noninoculated plants was low (< 15%) regardless of fertilizer source. Root colonization on inoculated plants was 15-30%. Colonization was typically higher when plants were grown with organic fertilizer. Inoculation generally increased plant growth but decreased root:shoot biomass ratios regardless of the type of fertilizer used. Inoculation also increased nutrient uptake and/or nutrient use efficiency in several cultivars, particularly when plants were fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Without inoculum, however, some cultivars fertilized with organic fertilizer had less growth and lower concentrations of N, K, S, and Cu than those fertilized with inorganic fertilizer. Cultivars that were genetically close in ancestry showed a high degree of variability in response to mycorrhizal fungi, while responses to fertilizer type were similar in closely related cultivars. Results suggest that nutrient availability may influence colonization and growth responses to EMF; however aspects of fungus-host specificity and inoculum availability also play a role in EMF colonization of roots in container production. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crop Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crop Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM scagelc@onid.orst.edu NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 786 EP 794 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200062 ER PT J AU Clark, JR Moore, JN Lopez-Medina, J Finn, C Perkins-Veazie, P AF Clark, JR Moore, JN Lopez-Medina, J Finn, C Perkins-Veazie, P TI 'Prime-Jan'('APF-8') and Prime-Jim'('APF-12') primocane-fruiting blackberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Clark, JR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jrclark@uark.ed NR 4 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 852 EP 855 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200074 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Ayala-Silva, T AF Meerow, AW Ayala-Silva, T TI Polygala myrtifolia 'Chapman Field', an everblooming subtropical flowering shrub SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Reposit, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Reposit, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 864 EP 865 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 930ES UT WOS:000229399200078 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Chan, STK Entekhabi, D Houser, PR Hsu, AY Jackson, TJ Njoku, EG O'Neill, PE Shi, JC Zhan, XW AF Crow, WT Chan, STK Entekhabi, D Houser, PR Hsu, AY Jackson, TJ Njoku, EG O'Neill, PE Shi, JC Zhan, XW TI An observing system simulation experiment for Hydros radiometer-only soil moisture products SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave remote sensing; observing system simulation experiment; soil moisture; spaceborne radiometry ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; WET SOIL; L-BAND; SURFACE; HETEROGENEITY; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; MODELS; WATER; GHZ AB Based on 1-km land surface model geophysical predictions within the United States Southern Great Plains (Red-Arkansas River basin), an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is carried out to assess the impact of land surface heterogeneity, instrument error, and parameter uncertainty on soil moisture products derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hydrosphere State (Hydros) mission. Simulated retrieved soil moisture products are created using three distinct retrieval algorithms based on the characteristics of passive microwave measurements expected from Hydros. The accuracy of retrieval products is evaluated through comparisons with benchmark soil moisture fields obtained from direct aggregation of the original simulated soil moisture fields. The analysis provides a quantitative description of how land surface heterogeneity, instrument error, and inversion parameter uncertainty impacts propagate through the measurement and retrieval process to degrade the accuracy of Hydros soil moisture products. Results demonstrate that the discrete set of error sources captured by the OSSE induce root mean squared errors of between 2.0% and 4.5% volumetric in soil moisture retrievals within the basin. Algorithm robustness is also evaluated for the case of artificially enhanced vegetation water content (W) values within the basin. For large W(> 3 kg (.) m(-2)), a distinct positive bias, attributable to the impact of sub-footprint-scale landcover heterogeneity, is identified in soil moisture retrievals. Prospects for the removal of this bias via a correction strategy for inland water and/or the implementation of an alternative aggregation strategy for surface vegetation and roughness parameters are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 NR 26 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1303 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.845645 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 932XA UT WOS:000229586900007 ER PT J AU Kountikov, E Wilson, M Quiniou, S Miller, N Clem, W Bengten, E AF Kountikov, E Wilson, M Quiniou, S Miller, N Clem, W Bengten, E TI Genomic organization of the channel catfish CD45 functional gene and CD45 pseudogenes SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE CD45; phosphatase; bacterial artificial chromosome; channel catfish; gene duplication ID COMMON ANTIGEN CD45; PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; UPSTREAM REGION; FUGU-RUBRIPES; SEQUENCES; EXONS; EXPRESSION AB CD45 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, which in mammals plays an important role in T and B cell receptor and cytokine signaling. Recently, a catfish cDNA was shown to contain all characteristic CD45 features: an alternatively spliced amino-terminus, a cysteine-rich region, three fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region, and two phosphotyrosine phosphatase domains. However, analyses of CD45 cDNAs from various catfish lymphoid cell lines demonstrated that catfish CD45 is unique in that it contains a large number of alternatively spliced exons. Sequence analyses of cDNAs derived from the catfish clonal B cell line 3B11 indicated that this cell line expresses up to 13 alternatively spliced exons. Furthermore, sequence similarity among the alternatively spliced exons suggested duplication events. To establish the exact number and organization of alternatively spliced exons, a bacterial artificial chromosome library was screened, and the catfish functional CD45 gene plus six CD45 pseudogenes were sequenced. The catfish functional CD45 gene spans 37 kb and contains 49 exons. In comparison, the human and pufferfish CD45 genes consist of 34 and 30 exons, respectively. This difference in the otherwise structurally conserved catfish gene is due to the presence of 18 alternatively spliced exons that were likely derived through several duplication events. In addition, duplication events were also likely involved in generating the six pseudogenes, truncated at the 3' ends. A similarly 3' truncated CD45 pseudogene is also present in the pufferfish genome, suggesting that this specific CD45 gene duplication occurred before catfish and pufferfish diverged (similar to 400 million years ago). C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bengten, E (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM ebengten@microbio.umsmed.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI019530-21, R01AI-19530, R01 AI019530] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 57 IS 5 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0797-z PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 937DI UT WOS:000229904400009 PM 15868142 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Han, SN Wu, D AF Meydani, SN Han, SN Wu, D TI Vitamin E and immune response in the aged: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TERM-CARE FACILITIES; E SUPPLEMENTATION; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; OLD MICE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Nutritional status has been indicated as a contributing factor to age-related dysregulation of the immune response. Vitamin E, a lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin, is important for normal function of the immune cells. The elderly are at a greater risk for vitamin E intake that is lower than recommended levels. Vitamin E supplementation above currently recommended levels has been shown to improve immune functions in the aged including delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response and antibody production in response to vaccination, which was shown to be mediated through increased production of interleukin (IL)-2, leading to enhanced proliferation of T cells, and through reduced production of prostaglandin E-2, a T-cell suppressive factor, as a result of a decreased peroxynitrite formation. Vitamin E increased both cell-dividing and IL-producing capacities of naive T cells, but not memory T cells. The vitamin E-induced enhancement of immune functions in the aged was associated with significant improvement in resistance to influenza infection in aged mice and a reduced risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents. Further studies are needed to determine the signaling mechanisms involved in the upregulation of naive T-cell function by vitamin E as well as the specific mechanisms involved in reduction of risk for upper respiratory infections. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu NR 105 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 205 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00274.x PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 924JY UT WOS:000228976300021 PM 15882360 ER PT J AU Sawhney, APS AF Sawhney, APS TI Cotton lint quality measurements - Global scenario SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF FIBRE & TEXTILE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0971-0426 J9 INDIAN J FIBRE TEXT JI Indian J. Fibre Text. Tes. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 945ZZ UT WOS:000230542900001 ER PT J AU Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Jin, TZ Turek, EJ Lau, MH AF Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Jin, TZ Turek, EJ Lau, MH TI Elimination of Lactobacillus plantarum and achievement of shelf stable model salad dressing by pilot scale pulsed electric fields combined with mild heat SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ENRICHED SOYMILK; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; CELLS; PASTEURIZATION; STABILITY AB Model salad dressing inoculated with Lactobacillis plantarum 8014 was subjected to pulsed electric fields (PEF)-only processing and PEF followed by a mild heat treatment. More than 7 log inactivation was achieved by using PEF-only processing at 34 kVkm for 45.7 mu s with minimal heat contribution. Samples for shelf life evaluation were aseptically packed in 4-oz HIPS/EVOH/PE cups using a Benco (R) system. The PEF-treated samples were stable at 4 degrees C for the 8-week evaluation period. However, L. plantarum in the samples treated with PEF-only grew up to more than 10(9) cfu/ml in I week at room temperature. PEF processing at 31.8 kV/cm for 45 lis followed by a mild heat processing at 67.2 similar to 73.6 degrees C for 24 s resulted in a shelf stable product with an initial L. plantarum load of 3.7 x 10(3) cfu/ml. No L. plantarum 8014 recovered in the model salad dressing at room temperature for at least I year. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kraft Foods Global Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. RP Zhang, HQ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hzhang@errc.ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2005.01.001 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 016WB UT WOS:000235650700001 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, HM AF Juneja, VK Marks, HM TI Heat resistance kinetics variation among various isolates of Escherichia coli SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE survival curves; variance components; nonlinear mixed effects ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SURVIVAL CURVES AB This paper reports an investigation of scrotype-specific differences in heat resistance kinetics of clinical and food isolates of Escherichia coli. Heat resistance kinetics for 5 serotypes of E. coli at 60 degrees C were estimated in beef gravy using a submerged coil heating apparatus. The observed survival curves were sigmoidal and there were significant differences (p=0.05) of the survival curves among the serotypes. Consequently, a model was developed that accounted for the sigmoidal shape of the survival curves and the serotype effects. Specifically, variance components for serotypes and replicates within serot ipes were estimated using mixed effect nonlinear modeling. If it is assumed that the studied serotypes represent a random sample from a population of E. coli strains or serotypes, then, from the derived estimates, probability intervals of the expected lethality for random selected serotypes can be computed. For example.. expected serotype-specific lethalities at 60 degrees C for 10 min are estimated to range between 5 and 9 log(10) with 95% probability. On the other hand, to obtain a 6-log(10) lethality, the expected minutes range, with 95% probability, from 6 to 12 min. The results from this study show that serotypes of E. coli display a wide range of heat resistance with nonlinear survival curves. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.008 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 016WB UT WOS:000235650700004 ER PT J AU Zimoch, L Hogenkamp, DG Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S Merzendorfer, H AF Zimoch, L Hogenkamp, DG Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S Merzendorfer, H TI Regulation of chitin synthesis in the larval midgut of Manduca sexta SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chitin; chitin synthase; chitin synthesis; midgut; tobacco hornworm; peritrophic matrix; insect ID TOBACCO HORNWORM MIDGUT; VACUOLAR-TYPE ATPASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ACTIVATING FACTOR; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SEPTUM FORMATION; PROTEINASE-B; SYNTHASE; YEAST; SYNTHETASE AB In insects, chitin is not only synthesized by ectodermal cells that form chitinous cuticles, but also by endodermal cells of the midgut that secrete a chitinous peritrophic matrix. Using anti-chitin synthase (CHS) antibodies, we previously demonstrated that in the midgut of Manduca sexta, CHS is expressed by two cell types, tracheal cells forming a basal tracheal network and columnar cells forming the apical brush border [Zimoch and Merzendorfer, 2002, Cell Tissue Res. 308, 287-297]. Now, we show that two different genes, MsCHS1 and MsCHS2, encode CHSs of midgut tracheae and columnar cells, respectively. To investigate MsCHS2 expression and activity in the course of the larval development, we monitored chitin synthesis, enzyme levels as well as mRNA amounts. All of the tested parameters were significantly reduced during molting and in the wandering stage when compared to the values obtained from intermolt feeding larvae. By contrast, MsCHS1 appeared to be inversely regulated because its mRNA was detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut. To further examine midgut chitin synthesis, we measured enzyme activity in crude midgut extracts and different membrane fractions. When we analysed trypsin-mediated proteolytic activation, a phenomenon previously reported for insect and fungal systems, we recognized that midgut chitin synthesis was only activated in crude extracts, but not in the 12,000g membrane fraction. However, proteolytic activation by trypsin in the 12,000g membrane fraction could be reconstituted by re-adding a soluble fraction, indicating that limited proteolysis affects an unknown soluble factor, a process that in turn activates chitin synthesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Div Anim Physiol, Dept Biol Chem, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Merzendorfer, H (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Div Anim Physiol, Dept Biol Chem, Barbarastr 11, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM merzendorfer@biologie.uni-osnabrueek.de NR 48 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.01.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 928CO UT WOS:000229248900001 PM 15857758 ER PT J AU Hogenkamp, DG Arakane, Y Zimoch, L Merzendorfer, H Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Kanost, MR Specht, CA Muthukrishnan, S AF Hogenkamp, DG Arakane, Y Zimoch, L Merzendorfer, H Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Kanost, MR Specht, CA Muthukrishnan, S TI Chitin synthase genes in Manduca sexta: characterization of a gut-specific transcript and differential tissue expression of alternately spliced mRNAs during development SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chitin synthase; glycosyltransferase; chitin; Manduca sexta; tobacco hornworm; insect; alternate exon splicing; epidermis; cuticle; peritrophic membrane; midgut; tracheae; transmembrane enzyme ID FUNGI; CDNA; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB Chitin, the linear homopolymer of beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine, is produced by the enzyme chitin synthase (CHS). In general, this insoluble polysaccharide is found in two major extracellular structures in insects, the cuticle that overlays the epidermis and the peritrophic membrane (PM) that lines the midgut. Based on amino acid sequence similarities, insect CHSs are divided into two classes, A and B, and to date no more than two CHS genes have been identified in any single insect species. In species where both CHSs have been identified, one class A CHS and one class B CHS are always present. This finding suggests that these two genes may encode enzymes that synthesize chitin in different epithelial tissues. In our laboratory, we previously characterized transcripts for a class A CHS gene (MsCHS1) from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. We observed the expression of this gene in the larval epidermis, suggesting that the encoded enzyme functions to synthesize cuticular chitin. In this paper, we characterize a second chitin synthase gene (MsCHS2) belonging to class B and its cDNA from Manduca and show that it is expressed only in the midgut. This cDNA contains an open reading frame of 4575 nucleotides, which encodes a conceptual protein that is 1524 amino acids in length and is predicted to contain 16 transmembrane spans. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from anterior, medial, and posterior sections of the midgut from feeding larvae indicate that MsCHS2 is primarily expressed in the anterior midgut, with transcript levels tapering off in the medial and posterior midgut. Analysis of the MsCHS2 gene sequence indicates the absence of an alternate exon in contrast to the MsCHS1 gene, which yields two transcripts, MsCHS1a and MsCHS1b. RT-PCR analysis of the differential expression of these alternately spliced transcripts reveals that both splice variants are present in the epidermis. However, the ratio of the two alternately spliced transcripts varies during development, with MsCHS1a being generally more predominant. Southern blot analysis using a probe specific for CHS indicated that Manduca has only two CHS genes, akin to other insect species. Results from an analysis of expression of both genes in different tissues and developmental times indicate that the MsCHS1 enzyme is used for the synthesis of chitin in the cuticle and tracheae, whereas MsCHS2 is utilized exclusively for the synthesis of PM-associated chitin in the midgut. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Dept Biol Chem, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, 104 Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM smk@ksu.edu NR 27 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.01.016 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 928CO UT WOS:000229248900002 PM 15857759 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Miller, RJ Rousseau, ME Sunkara, S Quackenbush, J Lee, Y Nene, V AF Guerrero, FD Miller, RJ Rousseau, ME Sunkara, S Quackenbush, J Lee, Y Nene, V TI BmiGI: A database of cDNAs expressed in Boophilus microplus, the tropical/southern cattle tick SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; acaricide resistance; acetylcholinesterase; expressed sequence tags; glutathione S-transferase; cytochrome P450 ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE CDNA; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MEXICAN STRAINS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; GENE; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION AB We used an expressed sequence tag approach to initiate a study of the genome of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. A normalized cDNA library was synthesized from pooled RNA purified from tick larvae which had been subjected to different treatments, including acaricide exposure, heat shock, cold shock, host odor, and infection with Babesia bovis. For the acaricide exposure experiments, we used several strains of ticks, which varied in their levels of susceptibility to pyrethroid, organophosphate and amitraz. We also included RNA purified from samples of eggs, nymphs and adult ticks and dissected tick organs. Plasmid DNA was prepared from 11,520 cDNA clones and both 5' and 3' sequencing performed on each clone. The sequence data was used to search public protein databases and a B. microplus gene index was constructed, consisting of 8270 unique sequences whose associated putative functional assignments, when available, can be viewed at the TIGR website (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/tgi). A number of novel sequences were identified which possessed significant sequence similarity to genes, which might be involved in resistance to acaricides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Inimex Pharmaceut, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Felix.Guerrero@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 585 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.01.020 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 928CO UT WOS:000229248900007 PM 15857764 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Stuart, JJ Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, O Stuart, JJ Shukle, RH TI Molecular cloning and characterization of two digestive serine proteases from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; midgut; digestive serine protease; wheat ID RESISTANCE GENES; CECIDOMYIIDAE POPULATIONS; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; UNITED-STATES; SAY DIPTERA; WHEAT; LARVAE; TRYPSIN; PROTEINASE AB Full-length cDNA and genomic sequences for two genes (designated mdesprot-I and mdesprot-II) encoding digestive serine proteases in Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, have been cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed similarity with trypsin-like digestive serine proteases from other Dipterans. Both mdesprot-I and mdesprot-II encoded proteins with secretion signal peptides at the N-terminals, indicating the proteins are secreted proteases that should function as midgut digestive proteases. A cytological analysis with fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed the cytological localization of mdesprot-I and mdesprot-II on the long arm of Autosome 2. Results are discussed in the context of the efficacy of potential protease inhibitors to develop Hessian fly resistant wheat through genetic engineering approaches. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00561.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 929TN UT WOS:000229369400010 PM 15926900 ER PT J AU Beason, RC AF Beason, RC TI Mechanisms of magnetic orientation in birds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Selection Experiments as a Tool in Evolutionary and Comparative Physiology CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biology ID LIGHT-DEPENDENT MAGNETORECEPTION; BOBOLINK DOLICHONYX-ORYZIVORUS; COMPASS ORIENTATION; EUROPEAN ROBINS; MIGRATORY ORIENTATION; HOMING PIGEONS; SKYLIGHT POLARIZATION; INITIAL ORIENTATION; NORMAL-FLUCTUATIONS; ERITHACUS-RUBECULA AB Behavior and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated a sensitivity to characteristics of the Geomagnetic field that can be used for navigation, both for direction finding (compass) and position finding (map). The avian magnetic compass receptor appears to be a light-dependent, wavelength-sensitive system that functions as a polarity compass (i.e., it distinguishes poleward from equatorward rather than north from south) and is relatively insensitive to changes in magnetic field intensity. The receptor is within the retina and is based on one or more photopigments, perhaps cryptochromes. A second receptor system appears to be based on magnetite and might serve to transduce location information independent of the compass system. This receptor is associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and is sensitive to very small (<50 nanotesla) changes in the intensity of the magnetic field. In neither case has a neuron that responded to changes in the magnetic field been traced to a structure that can be identified to be a receptor. Almost nothing is known about how magnetic information is processed within the brain or how it is combined with other sensory information and used for navigation. These remain areas of future research. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. RP Beason, RC (reprint author), USDA, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Robert.C.Beason@aphis.usda.gov NR 75 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1093/icb/45.3.565 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 944MZ UT WOS:000230434400019 PM 21676802 ER PT J AU Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA AF Liang, JJ Buongiorno, J Monserud, RA TI Estimation and application of a growth and yield model for uneven-aged mixed conifer stands in California SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE mixed species; growth; mortality; recruitment; uneven-aged ID FORESTS; MANAGEMENT AB A growth model for uneven-aged mixed-conifer stands in California was developed with data from 205 permanent plots. The model predicts the number of softwood and hardwood trees in nineteen diameter classes, based on equations for diameter growth rates, mortality and recruitment. The model gave unbiased predictions of the expected number of trees by diameter class and species group over eight to twelve years, on 28 validation plots that were not used in model estimation. The results of predictions of undisturbed growth over more than a century were consistent with previous knowledge about succession and productivity in this forest type. The growth model, embedded in the CalPro simulator, was applied to project the effects of managing stands to maintain the current average stand state over the observed plots, with cutting cycles of ten or twenty years. The results suggested that uneven-aged management could match the productivity of even-aged systems. The ten-year cutting cycle led to higher productivity, higher present value of harvests, higher tree species diversity but lower tree size diversity than the twenty-year cycle. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Expt Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Liang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbuongio@wisc.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSN PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 142, OXFORD OX26 6ZJ, BICESTER, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1505/ifor.2005.7.2.101 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 948KQ UT WOS:000230715100003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KA Watt, PM Boone, SA Gerba, CP AF Reynolds, KA Watt, PM Boone, SA Gerba, CP TI Occurrence of bacteria and biochemical markers on public surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fomites; hygiene; biochemical markers; playgrounds; offices; coliforms; bacteria ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; CONTAMINATED SURFACES; DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENT; TRANSMISSION; SURVIVAL; ROTAVIRUSES; FOMITES; RISK; DISINFECTION AB From 1999-2003, the hygiene of 1061 environmental surfaces from shopping, daycare, and office environments, personal items, and miscellaneous activities (i.e., gymnasiums, airports, movie theaters, restaurants, etc.), in four US cities, was monitored. Samples were analyzed for fecal and total coliform bacteria, protein, and biochemical markers. Biochemical markers, i.e., hemoglobin (blood marker), amylase (mucus, saliva, sweat, and urine marker), and urea (urine and sweat marker) were detected on 3% (26/801); 15% (120/801), and 6% (48/801) of the surfaces, respectively. Protein (general hygiene marker) levels &GE; 200 μ g/10 cm(2) were present on 26% (200/801) of the surfaces tested. Surfaces from children's playground equipment and daycare centers were the most frequently contaminated (biochemical markers on 36%; 15/42 and 46%; 25/54, respectively). Surfaces from the shopping, miscellaneous activities, and office environments were positive for biochemical markers with a frequency of 21% (69/333), 21% (66/308), and 11% (12/105), respectively). Sixty samples were analyzed for biochemical markers and bacteria. Total and fecal coliforms were detected on 20% (12/60) and 7% (4/60) of the surfaces, respectively. Half and one-third of the sites positive for biochemical markers were also positive for total and fecal coliforms, respectively. Artificial contamination of public surfaces with an invisible fluorescent tracer showed that contamination from outside surfaces was transferred to 86% (30/35) of exposed individual's hands and 82% (29/35) tracked the tracer to their home or personal belongings hours later. Results provide information on the relative hygiene of commonly encountered public surfaces and aid in the identification of priority environments where contaminant occurrence and risk of exposure may be greatest. Children's playground equipment is identified as a priority surface for additional research on the occurrence of and potential exposure to infectious disease causing agents. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. USDA ARS, Riverside, CA USA. RP Reynolds, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM reynolds@u.arizona.edu NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1080/09603120500115298 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932KF UT WOS:000229551900007 PM 16134485 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Burke, JJ Wanjura, DF Upchurch, DR AF Mahan, JR Burke, JJ Wanjura, DF Upchurch, DR TI Determination of temperature and time thresholds for BIOTIC irrigation of peanut on the Southern High Plains of Texas SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; water stress; peanut ID FLUORESCENCE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION; CONSTANT LEAF TEMPERATURE; PLANT WATER-STRESS; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; COTTON; REAPPEARANCE; MAINTENANCE; ADAPTATION AB The timely application of irrigation water to a crop is essential for optimizing yield and production efficiency. The "Biologically Identified Optimal Temperature Interactive Console (BIOTIC)" is an irrigation protocol that provides irrigation scheduling based upon measurements of canopy temperatures and the temperature optimum of the crop species of interest. One of the goals of this paper is to document the gradual development of the method and its implementation. Two threshold values are required to implement BIOTIC irrigation of a crop in a given region, a species-specific temperature threshold and a species/environment-specific time threshold. The temperature threshold, an indication of the thermal optimum for the plant, is derived from the thermal dependence of its metabolism. The time threshold, which represents the average amount of time each day that the canopy temperature of the well-watered crop will exceed the temperature threshold, is calculated from weather data. Interest in the use of BIOTIC for irrigation scheduling for peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) resulted in this study in which the temperature and time thresholds for peanut were determined on the Texas Southern High Plains. A temperature threshold value of 27 degrees C was determined from the thermal dependence of the reappearance of photosystem II variable fluorescence (PSII Fv) following illumination. A time threshold of 405 min was calculated from an analysis of weather data collected over the course of the 1999 growing season. The determination of these threshold values for peanut provides the basis for the application of the BIOTIC protocol to irrigation scheduling of peanut on the Southern High Plains of Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jmahan@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0102-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 940KA UT WOS:000230142200001 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Johnson, ET AF Dowd, PF Johnson, ET TI Association of a specific cationic peroxidase isozyme with maize stress and disease resistance responses, genetic identification, and identification of a cDNA coding for the isozyme SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maize; peroxidase; Fusarium; Aspergillus; disease resistance ID ZEA-MAYS-L; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; EXTRACELLULAR PEROXIDASE; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; ANIONIC PEROXIDASE; INSECT RESISTANCE; BARLEY PEROXIDASE; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; KERNEL INFECTION AB The presence of a p/9.0 cationic peroxidase isozyme from milk stage pericarp of six susceptible and five resistant inbreds was correlated significantly with previously reported field data on percentage infection by Aspergillus flavus in the inbreds and their hybrids. The isozyme was constitutively expressed in some additional maize tissues and lines examined, and frequently induced by mechanical damage, heat shock, Fusarium proliferatum, and/or Bacillus subtilis in other lines tested. Native/IEF two-dimensional electrophoresis identified the isozyme as the previously genetically identified px5. A cDNA clone expressed in black Mexican sweet (BMS) maize cell cultures produced the p/9.0 isozyme. In addition to potential use in marker-assisted breeding, enhanced expression of this cationic peroxidase through breeding or genetic engineering may lead to enhanced disease or insect resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dowdpf@ncaur.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 4464 EP 4470 DI 10.1021/jf0404750 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 930GX UT WOS:000229405000025 PM 15913312 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP Fan, XT Argenta, LC AF Mattheis, JP Fan, XT Argenta, LC TI Interactive responses of gala apple fruit volatile production to controlled atmosphere storage and chemical inhibition of ethylene action SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1-methylcyclopropene; ethylene; firmness; esters; alcohols; aldehydes; 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; DELICIOUS APPLES; LIPID-METABOLISM; AROMA COMPOUNDS; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; 1-MCP; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROPYLENE; INDUCTION AB Gala apples exposed to the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h at 20 degrees C were stored at 1 degrees C in air or a controlled atmosphere (CA) maintained at 1 kPa O-2 and 2 kPa CO2. Volatile compounds were measured after 4, 12, 20, and 28 weeks plus 1 or 7 days at 20 degrees C. Treatment with 1-MCP and then storage in air or CA or storage in CA without 1-MCP treatment reduced volatile production as compared to apples not treated with 1-MCP stored in air. The reduced production of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acetic acid, and 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) benzene was observed. Ester production by fruit stored in CA decreased throughout the storage period regardless of previous 1-MCP treatment. The production of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acetic acid, and 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) benzene by 1-MCP-treated fruit stored in air plus 7 days at 20 degrees C increased after 20 or 28 weeks of storage. Continuous exposure to 417 mu mol m(-3) ethylene for 7 days at 20 degrees C after 12 or 28 weeks of storage stimulated production of many volatile compounds, primarily esters and alcohols, by fruit stored in CA or 1-MCP-treated apples stored in air. However, exposure to ethylene had no effect on the production of aldehydes or acetic acid. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 4510 EP 4516 DI 10.1021/jf050121o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 930GX UT WOS:000229405000031 PM 15913318 ER PT J AU Ashford, JW Atwood, CS Blass, JP Bowen, RL Finch, CE Iqbal, K Joseph, JA Perry, G AF Ashford, JW Atwood, CS Blass, JP Bowen, RL Finch, CE Iqbal, K Joseph, JA Perry, G TI What is aging? What is its role in Alzheimer's disease? What can we do about it? SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Challenging Views of Alzheimers Disease held in Conjunction with the International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 11, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Voyager Pharmaceut Corp, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer, Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Alzheimers Assoc, Cephalon, Alzheimer Res Forum, JAD, Editor In Chief ID EXPRESSION; DEMENTIA; GENETICS; BRAINS; AD C1 Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hosp, Stanford VA Alzheimer Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Voyager Pharmaceut, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. New York Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Ashford, JW (reprint author), Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hosp, Stanford VA Alzheimer Ctr, 151Y,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM ashford@stanford.edu RI Perry, George/A-8611-2009 OI Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172 FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG 17824] NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 954MO UT WOS:000231159400008 PM 16006669 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Bennett, GL AF Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD Cundiff, LV Bennett, GL TI Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; growth; heritability; survival ID MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; NASAL SECRETIONS; TRACT DISEASE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CATTLE; TRAITS; VACCINATION; HETEROSIS AB The objective of this study was to characterize genetic and environmental factors influencing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. Records from nine purebred and three composite breeds and a variety of F-1 and three-way crosses, including the progeny of 12 additional different sire breeds produced over a 20-yr period (1983 to 2002), were evaluated for breed and heterozygosity effects on the observed incidence of BRD. Heterozygosity fractions for calves and dams were defined by generalized breed origins: British, Continental, and tropically adapted. Variance components were estimated for each pure and composite breed, and across all breeds and crossbreeds. The effect of incidence of observed BRD was determined by comparing groups of low and high years of incidence. Respiratory disease in this herd followed a standard epidemiological pattern of initial introduction, reaching an epidemic stage at 70 to 170 d of age, followed by a period of rapid decrease to weaning. Estimates of heritability of incidence of BRD were low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.26, with overall estimates of 0.07 and 0.19 depending on the data set analyzed. The highest incidence of BRD in preweaned calves occurred in the Braunvieh breed (18.8%). The genetic correlation between the direct and maternal genetic effects was generally large and negative, suggesting dams genetically superior for resisting BRD raise calves that are more susceptible. Perhaps maternally superior dams provide passive immunity to their calves, which delays the development of the calves' direct immune system, making them more prone to BRD during the preweaning period. Heterozygosity of calves decreased the incidence of BRD compared with purebred cattle. Calves that were Continental x British or tropically adapted x British breeds had a lower incidence of BRD than did calves of British x British breeds. As the annual Incidence of BRD increased, there was an associated increase in the heritability estimate. The estimated heritability based on an underlying continuous scale was large (h = 0.48), inferring response to selection for BRD resistance could be large if the phenotype for BRD resistance was known. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM snowder@email.marc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1261 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OT UT WOS:000235847300003 PM 15890802 ER PT J AU Williams, CB AF Williams, CB TI Technical Note: A dynamic model to predict the composition of fat-free matter gains in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body composition; cattle; model; protein ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY-UTILIZATION; MATURE CATTLE; BODY AB Composition of empty BW (EBW) was described in terms of ether-extractable lipid (FAT) and fat-free matter (FFM), and the terms dEBW, dFAT, and dFFM were used to represent daily gains in these components. The dFFM comprised protein, water, and ash, and a model was developed to predict the composition of dFFM. The conceptual approach used in model development was based on experimental data that showed as cattle grew from birth to maturity: 1) the water content of FFM decreased and the protein and ash content increased; 2) the protein content of FFM increased at a decreasing rate; and 3) the protein-to-ash ratio in the fat-free DM was approximately constant. These results suggest that the protein content of dFFM would be high at birth and decrease at a decreasing rate as the animal grows. The protein content of dFFM was predicted as a function of the fraction of dEBW that was dFFM, FAT content of EBW, and dFFM. A fixed protein-to-ash ratio of 4.1:1 was used to calculate the quantity of ash, and water was obtained as a residual. Growth and body composition of Hereford x Angus steers from birth to 500 kg BW were simulated with a previously published model using the experimental growth data as input, and the model under discussion was used to predict the composition of dFFM. Predicted response curves of the EBW components over the growth period were similar in shape to observed data. Predicted curvilinearity in response of protein weight against FFM weight for Hereford x Angus steers was similar to observed data. The standard error about the regression of predicted on observed protein weight was 1.87 kg, and the average bias of the model was to underpredict protein weight by 0.64%. Compared with using a constant value for the protein fraction of dFFM, the model provided more accurate predictions of dEBW in an independent evaluation data set. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Williams, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM williams@email.marc.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1262 EP 1266 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OT UT WOS:000235847300004 PM 15890803 ER PT J AU Guzik, AC Shelton, JL Southern, LL Kerr, BJ Bidner, TD AF Guzik, AC Shelton, JL Southern, LL Kerr, BJ Bidner, TD TI The tryptophan requirement of growing and finishing barrows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; requirement; tryptophan ID DIGESTIBLE TRYPTOPHAN; LIVE WEIGHT; AMINO-ACID; PIGS; METHIONINE; SWINE AB Five experiments were conducted to determine the true ileal digestible Trp (tidTrp) requirement of growing and finishing pigs fed diets (as-fed basis) containing 0.87% (Exp. 3), 0.70% (Exp. 4), 0.61% (Exp. 5), and 0.52% (Exp. 1 and 2) tidLys during the early-grower, late-grower, early-finisher, and late-finisher periods, respectively. Treatments were replicated with three or four replications, with three or four pigs per replicate pen. Treatment differences were considered significant at P = 0.10. Experiment I was conducted with 27 pigs (initial and final BW of 78.3 +/- 0.5 and 109.8 +/- 1.9 kg) to validate whether a corn-feather meal (FM) tidTrp-deficient (0.07%) diet, when supplemented with 0.07% crystalline L-Trp, would result in growth performance and carcass traits similar to a conventional corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet. Pigs fed the corn-FM diet without Trp supplementation had decreased growth performance and carcass traits, and increased plasma urea N (PUN) concentration. Supplementing the corn-FM diet with Trp resulted in greater ADG and G:F than pigs fed the positive control C-SBM diet. Pigs fed the corn-FM diet had similar carcass traits as pigs fed the C-SBM diet, but loin muscle area was decreased and fat thickness was increased. In Exp. 2, 60 pigs (initial and final BW of 74.6 +/- 0.50 and 104.5 +/- 1.64 kg) were used to estimate the tidTrp requirement of finishing pigs. The levels of tidTrp used in Exp. 2 were 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, or 0.14% (as-fed basis). Response variables were growth performance, PUN concentrations, and carcass traits and quality. For Exp. 2, the average of the estimates calculated by broken-line regression was 0.104% tidTrp. In Exp. 3, 4, and 5, barrows (n = 60, 60, or 80, respectively) were allotted to five dietary treatments supplemented with crystalline LTrp at increments of 0.02%. The basal diets contained 0.13, 0.09, and 0.07% tidTrp (as-fed basis) in Exp. 3, 4, and 5, and initial BW of the pigs in these experiments were 30.9 +/- 0.7, 51.3 +/- 1.1, and 69.4 +/- 3.0 kg, respectively. The response variable was PUN, and the basal diet used in Exp. 3 and 4 contained corn, SBM, and Canadian field peas. The tidTrp requirements were estimated to be 0.167% for pigs weighing 30.9 kg, 0.134% for pigs weighing 51.3 kg, and 0.096% for pigs weighing 69.4 kg. Based on our data and a summary of the cited literature, we suggest the following total Trp and tidTrp requirement estimates (as-fbd basis): 30-kg pigs, 0.21 and 0.18%; 50-kg pigs, 0.17 and 0. 14%; 70-kg pigs, 0.13 and 0.11%; and in 90-kg pigs, 0.13 and 0.11%. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, SOMMRU, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Southern, LL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lsouthern@agctr.lsu.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1311 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OT UT WOS:000235847300008 PM 15890807 ER PT J AU Funston, RN Lipsey, RJ Geary, TW Roberts, AJ AF Funston, RN Lipsey, RJ Geary, TW Roberts, AJ TI Effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin after artificial insemination on concentrations of progesterone and conception rates in beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef heifers; human chorionic gonadotropin; progesterone ID ESTROUS-CYCLE; FERTILITY; COWS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of hCG approximately 5 d after AT would increase plasma progesterone concentrations and conception rates in beef heifers. Heifers from two locations (Location 1: n = 347, BW = 367 1.72 kg; Location 2: n = 246, BW = 408 +/- 2.35 kg) received melengestrol acetate (0.5 mg(.)heifer(-1)-d(-1)) for 14 d and an injection of PGF(2o) (25 mg i.m.) 19 d later. Heifers were observed for estrus continuously during daylight from d 0 to 4.5 after PGF(2), and artificially inseminated approximately 12 h after the onset of estrus. Half of the heifers inseminated at Location 1 were assigned randomly to receive an injection of hCG (3,333 IU i.m.) 8 d after PGF(2 alpha), and a blood sample was collected from all heifers 14 d after PGF(2 alpha), for progesterone analysis. Half of the heifers inseminated at Location 2 were administered hCG on d 9 after PGF(2 alpha), and a blood sample was collected from all heifers 17 d after PGF2,,. Heifers at Location 1 had a 94% synchronization rate, exhibited estrus 2.45 +/- 0.03 d after PGF(2 alpha), and received hCG 5.55 +/- 0.03 d after AI. Heifers at Location 2 had an 85% synchronization rate, exhibited estrus 2.69 +/- 0.03 d after PGF(2 alpha), and received hCG 6.31 +/- 0.03 d after Al. Progesterone concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for hCG-treated heifers than for controls at both locations (8.6 vs. 4.6 ng/mL for treatment vs. control at Location 1, and 11.2 vs. 5.6 ng/mL for treatment vs. control at Location 2). Pregnancy status was determined by ultrasound approximately 50 d after Al. Conception rates (65 vs. 70% for treatment vs. control, respectively) did not differ at Location 1. Conception rates tended (P = 0.10) to be increased with hCG treatment at Location 2 (61 vs. 50% for treatment vs. control, respectively). A second experiment was conducted with 180 heifers at a third location to determine the effects of hCG administration 6 d after timed insemination at approximately 60 b after PGF2n in heifers synchronized as in Exp. 1. Pregnancy rate to timed AT did not differ between hCG-treated (62%) and control heifers (59%). Final pregnancy rate after timed AT and bull exposure (92%) was not affected by treatment. In summary, administration of hCG 5 to 6 d after AT did not improve conception or pregnancy rates at two out of three locations evaluated, suggesting insufficient progesterone is not a major factor contributing to early pregnancy failure in beef heifers. C1 Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Amer Simmental Assoc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM rfunston2@unl.edu NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1405 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OT UT WOS:000235847300019 PM 15890818 ER PT J AU Smith, JE McKay, D Brenner, G McIver, J Spatafora, JW AF Smith, JE McKay, D Brenner, G McIver, J Spatafora, JW TI Early impacts of forest restoration treatments on the ectomycorrhizal fungal community and fine root biomass in a mixed conifer forest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological restoration; ectomycorrhizae; fine root biomass; prescribed thinning and fire; ponderosa pine ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; OLD-GROWTH STANDS; PINUS-MURICATA FOREST; OREGON COAST RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR; PONDEROSA PINE; WESTERN MONTANA; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; CASCADE RANGE; ROTATION-AGE AB 1. The obligate symbiosis formed between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and roots of tree species in the Pinaceae influences nutrient uptake and surrounding soil structure. Understanding how EMF respond to prescribed fire and thinning will assist forest managers in selecting fuel-reducing restoration treatments that maintain critical soil processes and site productivity. 2. The response of EMF species richness, live fine root biomass and duff levels to various forms and combinations of thinning and burning was investigated in mixed ponderosa pine and Douglas fir stands in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. The below-ground community composition and structure of EMF at the site was characterized using molecular methods. 3. The EMF community consisted of a large number of infrequently detected species. The distribution of a few abundant species (Cenococcum sp., Piloderma sp., Rhizopogon salebrosus and Wilcoxina rehmii) in a majority of the treatments both before and after treatment application demonstrates that some EMF species survive or rapidly re-establish after disturbance. 4. EMF species richness, live root biomass and duff levels were reduced significantly by prescribed fire treatments compared to the non-burned treatments. 5. Synthesis and applications. These results indicate that prescribed fire results in a short-term reduction in EMF species richness and live root biomass and may influence whether managers can achieve the desired future condition of stands with large-tree retention and low fuel loads. EMF mortality and complete duff reduction after fire have been implicated with poor tree survival and slow stand recovery in forest ecosystems world-wide. The results of this study, along with the recovery potential of a site, and the impending risk of stand-replacing wildfire in stands differing in structure from historic conditions, bear consideration when reintroducing fire. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97824 USA. Pacific Analyt, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jsmith01@fs.fed.us NR 79 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 526 EP 535 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01047.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932VB UT WOS:000229581100012 ER PT J AU Santanello, JA Friedl, MA Kustas, WP AF Santanello, JA Friedl, MA Kustas, WP TI An empirical investigation of convective planetary boundary layer evolution and its relationship with the land surface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; SKIN TEMPERATURES; SOIL-MOISTURE; HEAT-FLUX; RADIOSONDE; GROWTH; BUDGET; ENTRAINMENT; ATMOSPHERE; ROUGHNESS AB Relationships among convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) evolution and land surface properties are explored using data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Test Bed in the southern Great Plains. Previous attempts to infer surface fluxes from observations of the PBL have been constrained by difficulties in accurately estimating and parameterizing the conservation equation and have been limited to multiday averages or small samples of daily case studies. Using radiosonde and surface flux data for June, July, and August of 1997, 1999, and 2001, a conservation approach was applied to 132 sets of daily observations. Results highlight the limitations of using this method on daily time scales caused by the diurnal variability and complexity of entrainment. A statistical investigation of the relationship among PBL and both land surface and near-surface properties that are not explicitly included in conservation methods indicates that atmospheric stability in the layer of PBL growth is the most influential variable controlling PBL development. Significant relationships between PBL height and soil moisture, 2-m potential temperature, and 2-m specific humidity are also identified through this analysis, and it is found that 76% of the variance in PBL height can be explained by observations of stability and soil water content. Using this approach, it is also possible to use limited observations of the PBL to estimate soil moisture on daily time scales without the need for detailed land surface parameterizations. In the future, the general framework that is presented may provide a means for robust estimation of near-surface soil moisture and land surface energy balance over regional scales. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Santanello, JA (reprint author), NASA, GSFC, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Code 6143, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sntnello@hsb.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Santanello, Joseph/D-4438-2012 OI Santanello, Joseph/0000-0002-0807-6590 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 917 EP 932 DI 10.1175/JAM2240.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950XO UT WOS:000230892200012 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Blum, JW Kahl, S AF Elsasser, TH Blum, JW Kahl, S TI Characterization of calves exhibiting a novel inheritable TNF-alpha hyperresponsiveness to endotoxin: associations with increased pathophysiological complications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokine; inflammatory stress; disease susceptibility ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SEPTIC SHOCK; NITRIC-OXIDE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; DOWN-REGULATION; KAPPA-B; PLASMA; TOLERANCE; SERUM AB A subpopulation of calves, herein termed "hyperresponders" (HPR), was identified and defined by the patterns of plasma TNF-alpha concentrations that developed following two challenges with endotoxin (LPS, 0.8 mu g Escherichia coli 055: B5 LPS/kg(0.75) live body wt) separated by 5 days. The principle characteristic of HPR calves was a failure to develop tolerance to repeated LPS challenge that was evident in the magnitude of the TNF-alpha concentrations and prolonged severity of pathological sequellae. Whereas calves failing to develop LPS tolerance were identified on the basis of their excessive in vivo plasma TNF-alpha concentration responses, in vitro TNF-alpha responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from each calf and challenged with LPS or PMA did not correlate or predict the magnitude of in vivo plasma TNF response of the calf. Intentional breeding to obtain calves from bulls and/or cows documented as HPR resulted in offspring displaying the HPR character when similar progeny calves were tested with LPS in vivo, with extensive controls in place to account for sources of variability in the general TNF-alpha response to LPS that might compromise interpretation of the data. Feed intake, clinical serology and hematology profiles, and acute-phase protein responses of HPR calves following LPS were significantly different from those of calves displaying tolerance. These results suggest that the pattern of plasma TNF-alpha changes that evolve from a low-level double LPS challenge effectively reveal the presence of a genetic potential for animals to display excessive or prolonged pathological response to LPS-related stress and compromised prognosis for recovery. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Anim Genet Nutr & Housing, Div Nutr & Physiol, Bern, Switzerland. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, B-200,Rm 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM elsasser@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 73 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2045 EP 2055 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01050.2004 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 929SF UT WOS:000229365500011 PM 15661839 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Hanna, W Behnke, K AF Dozier, WA Hanna, W Behnke, K TI Grinding and pelleting responses of pearl millet-based diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE feed processing; grinding; particle size; pearl millet; pellet quality ID BROILER DIETS; PERFORMANCE AB Pearl millet grain has been reported as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens, but little information exists on the feed processing parameters associated with this cereal grain. This study examined grinding and pelleting responses of pearl millet-based diets. Four treatments were used in the grinding phase, which consisted of grinding corn through a hammer mill screen hole of 4.0 mm and pearl millet ground through a hammer mill screen hole of 4.0, 3.2, or 2.4 mm. In the pelleting phase, a broiler grower diet (20% CP) was manufactured. The treatment structure was a 2 (pearl millet inclusion rate) x 3 (particle sizes of ground pearl millet) factorial arrangement with a corn-soybean meal positive control. The main factors consisted of 2 concentrations of millet in the diet at 25 or 50% pearl millet feed and grinding pearl millet through a 4.0-, 3.2-, or 2.4-mm hammer mill screen hole. All grain used during pelleting was derived from the grinding process. Electrical usage during grinding was greater with corn compared with pearl millet. Reducing the hammer mill screen hole size of pearl millet increased electrical usage and decreased the mean particle diameter of pearl millet. Particle size was not affected by grain type. Decreasing the grind size of pearl millet improved pellet durability index and percentage of fines. We concluded that pearl millet-based diets have acceptable grinding and pelleting performance compared with a typical corn-soybean meal diet. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100011 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT Jones, DR AF Northcutt, JK Musgrove, MT Jones, DR TI Chemical analyses of commercial shell egg wash water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shell egg; egg washing; egg-processing wastewater ID BACTERIAL LOADS; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; PH; CONTAMINATION; TEMPERATURES; WASHWATER; RECOVERY; SOLIDS; PLANTS AB Wash water was collected from the first (W1) and second (W2) egg washers in series in 3 different commercial facilities (plants X, Y, and Z) and evaluated for temperature, pH, chlorine, soluble iron (ferrous), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Temperature of W1 and W2 ranged from 39.7 to 44.1 degrees C and was generally consistent within plants Y and Z. The pH of W1 and W2 varied from 10.0 to 11.4. Chlorine levels in wash water differed by 3- (W2) and 5-fold (W1) between the facilities. Average values of soluble iron W1 and W2 ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 mg/L. Highest values for TDS and TSS occurred in W1 (8,231 and 796 mg/L, respectively) as compared with W2 (3,564 and 429 mg/L, respectively). The TKN values for the wash water ranged from 81 to 302 mg/L, whereas COD values ranged from 1,765 to 7,300 mg/L. Data provided by the present study may be useful for identifying process deficiencies and minimizing organic and inorganic discharge loads in the waste stream. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100014 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Moran, ET Kidd, MT AF Kerr, BJ Moran, ET Kidd, MT TI Effect of supplementary tryptophan prior to marketing on carcass quality in broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; carcass quality; tryptophan ID DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHALAMIC SEROTONIN; BREEDER MALES; MEAT QUALITY; PROTEIN; BEHAVIOR; PIGS; AGGRESSION; DECREASES AB Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of supplemental Tryptophan on carcass quality of broilers. The first experiment utilized 49-d-old broilers with half of the birds crop intubated with 2 tablets, each containing 500 mg of Trp, compared with an equal number of birds not crop intubated, with processing occurring 14 h after intubation. For the second experiment, broilers were taken off feed on d 49, weighed, and allotted to either normal drinking water or offered a Trp-saturated solution containing 5 g of Trp per 1,000 mL of water for 4 h in pens during feed withdrawal until cooping for 14 h prior to processing. In the third experiment, a withdrawal feed was formulated with standard or high dietary Trp (2x requirement, 0.33 vs. 0.18%) and fed to broilers from 46 to 49 d of age. Our results suggest that supplemental Trp, whether in an intubated tablet, water, or final feed, was insufficient to have any meaningful effect on broiler carcass defects. Supplementation of Trp in the water did reduce water consumption compared with birds offered the control water (42.1 vs. 88.9 mL, respectively). Consequently, until the level and length of Trp supplementation can be determined to alleviate contradictory findings and inconsistent results reported in the literature, determination of the genuine effects of supplemental Trp on behavior modification and carcass quality improvements in broilers are speculative at this time. C1 USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 306 EP 314 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100016 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK AF Berrang, ME Northcutt, JK TI Water spray and immersion in chemical sanitizer to lower bacterial numbers on broiler transport coop flooring SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; sanitize; transport cage; transport coop ID CONTAINER DECONTAMINATION SYSTEM; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; FEED WITHDRAWAL; SALMONELLA; CHICKENS; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; DISINFECTION; SPP. AB Broiler transport coops become soiled with feces during use. When this fecal matter contains Campylobacter, the result can be cross-contamination of subsequent flocks that were previously free of this important human pathogen. Because washing and sanitizing coops requires large amounts of water and is not always effective enough to justify the expense, few broiler companies wash and sanitize dump coops between flocks. In this lab-scale study, a tap water spray was effective in lowering the numbers of bacteria, including Campylobacter, associated with broiler transport coop flooring. Immersion in a chemical sanitizer after spray washing did not enhance the antibacterial effect. It is possible that sanitizing treatments could be made more effective by using higher concentrations of chemicals, high temperature treatment, or high pressure or repeated applications of water spray. However, such changes would come at a cost. Research is needed to find new and innovative ways to lower bacterial numbers in broiler transport coops without undue use of water and the associated expense. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100017 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Dale, NM AF Dozier, WA Dale, NM TI Metabolizable energy of feed-grade and pet food-grade poultry by-product meals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE by-product meal; feedstuff; ingredient; metabolizable energy; poultry by-product meal; rendered protein AB Wide variations in amino acid composition and proximate components between pet food-grade and feed-grade poultry by-product meals (PBM) have been reported from this laboratory. Four samples of pet food-grade and feed-grade PBM were evaluated for TMEn and proximate composition. The TMEn values for feed-grade PBM ranged from 2,775 to 3,555 kcal/kg, whereas pet food-grade PBM varied from 3,316 to 3,401 kcal/kg. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 349 EP 351 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100022 ER PT J AU Reynnells, RD AF Reynnells, RD TI Combined animal, dairy, and poultry science extension workshop - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; environment; extension; international opportunities; societal concerns AB This meeting emphasized an expanded concept or definition for Cooperative Extension, including cooperation across animal commodities, and addressing cultural issues. This second combined extension workshop recognized the fact that environmental, animal welfare, biosecurity, food safety, societal, and other concerns are not restricted to individual commodities. Effectively addressing these complex issues requires that agriculture present a united front and find ways to cooperate for the common good of everyone in agriculture and society. C1 Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, RD (reprint author), Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, 800 9th St SW,Room 3130 Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rreynnells@csrees.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 362 EP 364 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100024 ER PT J AU Reynnells, RD AF Reynnells, RD TI Washington update SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal welfare and behavior; multistate research committees; meetings; support personnel award; extension AB This workshop represented the second national collaborative extension effort associated with joint annual meetings of the professional societies. Multistate research committees are important cooperative federal programs. NCR-131 (Animal Behavior) and WCC-204 (Animal Bio-ethics) are both moving toward recognition as full multistate research committees and welcome poultry science members. The organic market is of increasing importance, and an organic animal production and processing research committee is being created to address these issues. Effective immediately, the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) review of Hatch Act proposals will affirm that the goals and objectives of the proposal are consistent with the Hatch Act and fall within the strategic objectives of USDA and CSREES. The CSREES has chosen a review of our portfolio of programs as a cogent way to justify our budget requests. An outcome of the review process regarding extension programs is the need to find better ways to quantify qualitative results from extension efforts (e.g., reporting that biosecurity programs prevented disease spread vs. reporting that biosecurity programs saved the turkey industry a certain numbr of dollars). Concepts developed by the Animal Behavior and Welfare Group, led by Michigan State University, for collegiate animal welfare assessment competitions are to be transferred to 4-H and Future Farmers of America (FFA) as upper-level student competition. The Poultry Science Resource List was revised in 2004 [1]. Deborah Posey (USDA/ARS, Athens, GA) was the 2004 recipient of the Support Personnel Award. C1 Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynnells, RD (reprint author), Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, 800 9th St SW,Room 3130 Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rreynnells@csrees.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100025 ER PT J AU Cole, NA Schwartz, RC Todd, RW AF Cole, NA Schwartz, RC Todd, RW TI Assimilation versus accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in soils: Relations to livestock and poultry feeding operations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nutrient; manure; poultry; livestock; assimilation; accumulation; soil ID LAGOON EFFLUENT APPLICATIONS; CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; AGRICULTURAL USE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; BROILER LITTER; SWINE MANURE; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; PLANT UTILIZATION AB Nutrient management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, but in some areas of the United States, continued applications of fertilizer and manure nutrients in excess of crop requirements have led to a buildup of nutrient concentrations that are of environmental concern. Proper use of nutrients in livestock manures is becoming more critical for sustainability of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) because new environmental regulations require that nutrients be properly applied and managed. Losses of nutrients, such as N and P can be reduced by refining the rations fed, increasing nutrient retention by livestock, moving manures from areas of surplus to deficiency, finding alternative uses for manure, using cropping and haying systems that remove excess nutrients, and using conservation practices, such as limited tillage, buffer strips, and cover crops to limit runoff and leaching. Whole farm nutrient balances are useful for educating producers about quantities of nutrients being managed and the flow of nutrients, but they can also be misleading because of spatial factors, such as uneven nutrient application that introduce environmental risks that may not be noted with a whole-farm nutrient balance. Manure utilization plans also need to deal with nutrients that potentially leave the field or production area in route to sensitive ecosystems. C1 ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM nacole@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 393 EP 405 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QC UT WOS:000234476100029 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, AL Small, BC Wise, DJ Wolters, WR AF Bilodeau, AL Small, BC Wise, DJ Wolters, WR TI Pathogen levels, lysozyme, and cortisol response in channel catfish with susceptibility differences to Edwardsiella ictaluti SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; PLASMA-CORTISOL; GENETIC-VARIATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRESS; IMMUNE; CHALLENGE; SALMON AB Differences in bacterial loads, clearance rates, nonspecific immune response. and cortisol response were measured for three family groups of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus susceptible to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and three ESC-resistant families. Resistant families had lower mortality during challenge (P < 0.0001). Bacterial loads on day 5 postexposure were higher (P < 0.01) in susceptible families than resistant families for blood, kidney, and spleen. Blood, kidney, and spleen bacterial levels were highly correlated. Pathogen clearance was evident by day 12 in fish from the susceptible families and measurable only in kidney and spleen from resistant families on day 20. Lysozyme activity increased on day 1 (P = 0.0074) in resistant fish and on day 2 in susceptible fish (P < 0.0001). An acute stress response was evident for both resistant (21.4 +/- 1.7 ng/mL [mean SD]) and susceptible families (30.0 +/- 1.6 ng/mL). Plasma cortisol levels were elevated in susceptible fish throughout challenge, except for day 12, but in resistant fish they recovered to near basal levels immediately after an acute response on day 2. There was no correlation between cortisol and lysozyme levels. Differences in lysozyme activity and pathogen levels suggest that the nonspecific immune response was effective during the early stages of infection in resistant fish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bilodeau, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abilodeau@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1577/H04-046.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 935AG UT WOS:000229750500002 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Hobbs, MS AF Darwish, AM Hobbs, MS TI Laboratory efficacy of amoxicillin for the control of Streptococcus iniae infection in blue tilapia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; HISTOPATHOLOGY; FURUNCULOSIS AB Experimental feeding trials were performed to evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) in controlling Streptococcus iniae infection in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus. The doses of AMX active ingredient tested were 0, 5, 10, 30, and 80 mg/kg of fish body weight (BW) per day. Administration of medicated feed started within 22-24 h postchallenge by waterborne exposure to S. iniae (after skin scraping) and continued for 12 consecutive days, followed by a 17-d post-treatment observation. Oral administration of AMX-medicated feed for 12 d at a daily rate of 10, 30, and 80 mg/kg BW significantly increased the survival of S. iniae-infected tilapia from 3.8% in the challenged, nonmedicated positive control to 45, 75, and 93.8%, respectively. The survival rate was significantly higher in the 80-mg treatment (93.75%) than the 10-mg treatment (45%) but did not differ significantly between the 10-mg (45%) and 30-mg (75%) treatments. At the conclusion of the experiment, no carriers were detected in any challenged group receiving AMX-medicated diet, whereas the bacterium was recovered from the nonmedicated, challenged survivors of the infection. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1577/H04-033.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 935AG UT WOS:000229750500009 ER PT J AU Gibbens, RP McNeely, RP Havstad, KM Beck, RF Nolen, B AF Gibbens, RP McNeely, RP Havstad, KM Beck, RF Nolen, B TI Vegetation changes in the Jornada Basin from 1858 to 1998 SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND RANGE; SHRUBLAND EXPANSION; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; DESERTIFICATION AB Notes made by land surveyors in 1858 were utilized to estimate cover of grasses and shrubs on the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and the Chihuahuan Desert Range Research Center (CDRRC) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico, USA. Portions of these areas have been previously assessed for historical vegetation dynamics but the entire 84,271 ha assessed in the 19th century has not been examined in total. In 1858, fair to very good grass cover occurred on 98% and 67% of the JER and CDRRC, respectively. Shrubs were present throughout both properties but 45% of the JER and 18% of the CDRRC were shrub free. Reconnaissance surveys, made to determine carrying capacity for livestock were made in 1915-1916 and 1928-1929 on the JER and in 1938 on the CDRRC, show that shrubs had made large increases in area occupied at the time of the surveys. Vegetation type maps were made of both properties in 1998. Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) was the primary dominant on 59% of the JER in 1998 and creosolebush (Larrea tridentata) was the primary dominant on 27% of the area. On the CDRRC mesquite and creosotebush were primary dominants on 37% and 46% of the area, respectively. Grass cover has decreased greatly with the increase in shrubs and only shrub control efforts have maintained the once abundant black grama (Bouleloua eriopoda) as a primary dominant on 1 % or less of the area on both properties. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Havstad, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSC 3JER Las Cruces, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM khavstad@nmsu.edu NR 36 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 651 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.10.001 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906YM UT WOS:000227681000011 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Chen, ZS Gunn, SK Wilde, M Darlington, G Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Chen, ZS Gunn, SK Wilde, M Darlington, G Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ TI Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphisms affect calcium absorption, kinetics, and bone mineralization rates during puberty SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin D receptor; calcium absorption; stable isotopes; calcium kinetics; bone mineralization ID START CODON POLYMORPHISM; HEALTHY ADOLESCENT BOYS; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; DIETARY CALCIUM; YOUNG-ADULTS; DENSITY; WOMEN; MASS; CHILDREN; TURNOVER AB Few studies of the VDR polymorphisms have looked at calcium metabolism or long-term effects. We measured bone mineralization and calcium metabolic parameters longitudinally in a group of 99 adolescents. We found a significant relationship between calcium absorption and skeletal calcium accretion and the Fok1, but not other VDR or related, genetic polymorphisms. It seems that the Fok1 polymorphism directly affects bone mineralization during pubertal growth through an effect on calcium absorption. Introduction: There are few data regarding the relationship between genetic markers for low bone mass and changes in calcium metabolism in childhood or adolescence. We sought to identify the effects of polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on calcium and bone mineral metabolism in a longitudinal study of pubertal adolescents. Materials and Methods: Adolescents (n = 99) received comprehensive stable isotope studies of calcium absorption, bone calcium kinetics, and bone mineralization. Studies were repeated 12 months later. Polymorphisms of putative genetic markers were determined and related to bone mineralization and calcium metabolic finding. Results were analyzed by ANOVA in which changes over time were determined using the initial value as a covariate. Results: Polymorphisms of the Fok1 gene of the VDR were significantly related to calcium absorption (p 0.008) and whole body BMC (p = 0.03) and BMD (p = 0.006). The Fok1 effect on whole body BMD was significant for those with Ca intake >800 mg/day (p < 0.001), whereas for those with Ca intake <= 800 mg/day, the Fok1 genotype did not have a significant effect on whole body BMD (p = 0.40). The Fok1 genotype was significantly related to the changes during the year in whole body calcium accretion, with the ff genotype having a 63 20 mg/day deficit compared with the FF genotype (P = 0.008). Conclusions: The Fok1 polymorphism of the VDR receptor seems to directly affect bone mineral accretion during pubertal growth through an effect on calcium absorption. The relationship between different genetic polymorphisms and bone mineral metabolism may vary by life stage as well as diet. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Sect Endocrinol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Sect Endocrinol, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabraiiis@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43708] NR 40 TC 72 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1359/JBMR.050114 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 928US UT WOS:000229297800008 PM 15883634 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Horn, ST Gilbert, M Miller, WG Woodward, DL Mandrell, RE AF Parker, CT Horn, ST Gilbert, M Miller, WG Woodward, DL Mandrell, RE TI Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis loci from a variety of sources SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GANGLIOSIDE MIMICS; PHASE VARIATION; DNA MICROARRAY; O-41 STRAINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; SIALYLATION AB Campylobacter jejuni strains exhibit significant variation in the genetic content of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis loci with concomitant differences in LOS structure. The C. jejuni LOS loci have been grouped into six classes based on gene content and organization. Utilizing PCR amplifications of genes from these loci, we were able to classify a majority (80%) of the LOS biosynthesis loci from 123 strains of C. jejuni that included 39 of the Penner serotype reference strains. We found that a particular LOS class was not always associated with a specific Penner serotype, and 14 of 16 Guillain-Barre syndrome-associated isolates tested in this study shared the same LOS class. The remaining isolates that could not be classified were often distinguishable from each other based on the results of gene-specific PCR and the lengths of their LOS biosynthesis loci as determined by long (XL) PCR. Sequence analysis of two of these unique XL PCR products demonstrated two new LOS classes. These results support the hypothesis that the LOS locus is a hot spot for genetic exchange and rearrangements. Analysis of the LOS biosynthesis genes by PCR assays can be used for typing C. jejuni and offers the advantage of inferring potential LOS structures. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Natl Microbiol Lab, Bacteriol & Enteric Dis Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM parker@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2771 EP 2781 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2771-2781.2005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 936SF UT WOS:000229875000035 PM 15956396 ER PT J AU Lara, PN Longmate, J Stadler, W van Loan, M Wexler, J Quinn, DI Twardowski, P Vokes, EE Gandara, DR AF Lara, PN Longmate, J Stadler, W van Loan, M Wexler, J Quinn, DI Twardowski, P Vokes, EE Gandara, DR TI Markers of bone metabolism predict survival in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC): Results from a randomized California Cancer Consortium & University of Chicago trial. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. City Hope Comprehens Canc Ctr, Duarte, CA USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USDA, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 395S EP 395S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326602398 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Park, YW AF Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Park, YW TI Effect of frozen storage on the proteolytic and rheological properties of soft caprine milk cheese SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caprine milk cheese; frozen storage; proteolysis; rheology ID GOAT MILK; MOZZARELLA CHEESE; BETA-CASEIN; CALF RENNET; ALPHA(S1)-CASEIN; PROTEINS; TEXTURE; TIME AB Freezing and long-term frozen storage had minimal impact on the rheology and proteolysis of soft cheese made from caprine milk. Plain soft cheeses were obtained from a grade A goat dairy in Georgia and received 4 storage treatments: fresh refrigerated control (C), aged at 4 degrees C for 28 d; frozen control (FC), stored at -20 degrees C for 2 d before being thawed and aged in the same way as C cheese; and 3-mo frozen (3MF), or 6-mo frozen (6MF), stored at -20 degrees C for 3 or 6 mo before being thawed and aged. Soft cheeses had fragile textures that showed minimal change after freezing or over 28 d of aging at 4 degrees C. The only exceptions were the FC cheeses, which, after frozen storage and aging for 1 d at 4 degrees C, were significantly softer than the other cheeses, and less chewy than the other frozen cheeses. Moreover, after 28 d of aging at 4 degrees C, the FC cheeses tended to have the lowest viscoelastic values. Slight variation was noted in protein distribution among the storage treatment, although no significant proteolysis occurred during refrigerated aging. The creation and removal of ice crystals in the cheese matrix and the limited proteolysis of the caseins showed only slight impact on cheese texture, suggesting that frozen storage of soft cheeses may be possible for year-round supply with minimal loss of textural quality. C1 ARS, Daily Proc & Prod Res Unti, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), ARS, Daily Proc & Prod Res Unti, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dvanhekken@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1966 EP 1972 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 927TX UT WOS:000229224500005 PM 15905426 ER PT J AU Chockalingam, A Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD AF Chockalingam, A Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD TI Increased milk levels of transforming growth factor-alpha, beta 1, and beta 2 during Escherichia coli-induced mastitis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytokine; Escherichia coli; mastitis; transforming growth factor ID BOVINE COLOSTRUM SAMPLES; FACTOR-BETA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAMMARY-GLAND; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TGF-BETA; EXPRESSION; TGF-BETA-1 AB Among the gram-negative bacteria that cause mastitis, Escherichia coli are the most prevalent. The innate immune system provides initial protection against E. coli infection by detecting the presence of the foreign pathogens and by mounting an inflammatory response, the latter of which is mediated by cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Although changes in these cytokines during mastitis have been well-described, it is believed that other mediators moderate mammary gland inflammatory responses as well. The growth factors/cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 are all expressed in the mammary gland and have been implicated in regulating mammary gland development. In other tissues, these growth factors/cytokines have been shown to moderate inflammation. The objective of the current study was to determine whether TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 milk concentrations were altered during the course of E. coli-induced mastitis. The contralateral quarters of 11 midlactating Holstein cows were challenged with either saline or 72 cfu of E. coli, and milk samples were collected. Basal milk levels of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 were 98.81 +/- 22.69 pg/mL, 3.35 +/- 0.49 ng/mL, and 22.36 +/- 3.78 ng/mL, respectively. Analysis of whey samples derived from E. coli-infected quarters revealed an increase in milk levels of TGF-alpha within 16 h of challenge, and these increases persisted for an additional 56 h. Elevated TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 milk concentrations were detected in E. coli-infected quarters 32 h after challenge, and these elevations were sustained throughout the study. Because TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 2 have been implicated in mediating inflammatory processes, their induction during mastitis is consistent with a role for these molecules in mediating mammary gland host innate immune responses to infection. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1986 EP 1993 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 927TX UT WOS:000229224500007 PM 15905428 ER PT J AU Paula, CJM Nehring, R AF Paula, CJM Nehring, R TI Product diversification, production systems, and economic performance in US agricultural production SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Development in Productivity and Efficiency Measurement CY OCT, 2002 CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA HO Univ Georgia DE scale economies; scope economies; jointness; stochastic frontier; distance function ID DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; PANEL-DATA AB The U.S. agricultural sector is experiencing significant structural change. Farm size is rising and activities are broadening, including more off-farm employment, implying economic incentives for larger and more diversified farms, and complementarities among agricultural netputs. We quantify such patterns for farms in the corn belt, by measuring scale economies, and output and input contributions and jointness. We estimate the multi-output and -input production technology by stochastic frontier techniques applied to output and input distance functions. We find that both scope and scale economies have important economic performance implications, and that an input-oriented framework including off-farm income best characterizes agricultural production. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Nat Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Paula, CJM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cjmpaul@primal.ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0304-4076 J9 J ECONOMETRICS JI J. Econom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 2 BP 525 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.05.012 PG 24 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 906TR UT WOS:000227666800012 ER PT J AU Akbar, V Lord, JC Nechols, JR Loughin, TM AF Akbar, V Lord, JC Nechols, JR Loughin, TM TI Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for red flour beetle when applied with plant essential oils or in mineral oil and organosilicone carriers SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; mineral oil; Silwet L-77; botanical insecticides; Tribolium castaneum ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM HERBST; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS MOTSCH; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES; METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; TOXICITY; CURCULIONIDAE; TENEBRIONIDAE AB The carriers mineral oil and Silwet L-77 and the botanical insecticides Neemix 4.5 and Hexacide were evaluated for their impacts on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin conidia against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), larvae. The dosages of liquid treatments were quantified by both conidia concentration in the spray volume and conidia deposition on the target surface. The latter approach allowed comparison with dry, unformulated conidia. The median lethal concentrations of B. bassiana in 0.5% Silwet L-77 solution or without a carrier were approximately double that for conidia in mineral oil. Carriers had highly significant effects on the efficacy of B. bassiana. The lower efficacy of conidia in aqueous Silwet L-77 may have been the result of conidia loss from the larval surface because of the siloxane's spreading properties. Neemix 4.5 (4.5% azadirachtin) delayed pupation and did not reduce the germination rate of B. bassiana conidia, but it significantly reduced T. castaneum mortality at two of four tested fungus doses. Hexacide (5% rosemary oil) caused significant mortality when applied without B. bassiana, but it did not affect pupation, the germination rate of conidia, or T. castaneum mortality when used in combination with the fungus. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Akbar, V (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 683 EP 688 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600008 ER PT J AU Oliver, JB Mannion, CM Klein, MG Moyseenko, JJ Bishop, B AF Oliver, JB Mannion, CM Klein, MG Moyseenko, JJ Bishop, B TI Effect of insecticides on Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera : Tiphiidae) oviposition and survival of progeny to cocoon stage when parasitizing Popillia japonica (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tiphia vernalis; Japanese beetle; Popillia japonica; compatibility; insecticides ID JAPANESE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; WHITE GRUBS COLEOPTERA; CHAFER COLEOPTERA; ORIENTAL BEETLE; TURFGRASS; TOXICITY; SOIL; HALOFENOZIDE; PYGIDIALIS; PESTICIDES AB The effect of insecticides on oviposition of Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and subsequent survival of parasitoid progeny to the cocoon stage was determined in the laboratory by using larval Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, as the host. Insecticides tested were imidacloprid thiamethoxam, halofenozide, chlorpyrifos, and carbaryl at labeled rates. Female T. vernalis were allowed 2 d to parasitize P. japonica larvae after the parasitoids had received a 4-d exposure to insecticide-treated soil. Another group of female T. vernalis were allowed 2 d to parasitize P. japonica larvae that bad been exposed to insecticide-treated soil for 3-4 d. Percentage of parasitism of P. japonica larvae in these trials after exposure of adult parasitoids to carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, halofenozide, or imidacloprid-treated soil (23.3-50.0%) or adult parasitoids to chlorpyrifos, halofenozide, or imidacloprid-treated grubs (33.0-56.7%) was not negatively affected relative to the control treatment (21.7-54.2%). A third group of adult T. vernalis and P. japonica larvae were simultaneously exposed to chlorpyrifos or carbaryl treatments. Percentage parasitism in these trials was lower for T. vernalis adults exposed to the chlorpyrifos and carbaryl (15.0-25.0%) relative to the control (57.5-62.5%) with the exception of one trial with carbaryl (40.0%). However, exposure of the parasitoid and P. japonica to chlorpyrifos 0.5X, carbaryl 0.5X, imidacloprid, halofenozide, or thiamethoxam in several trials resulted in parasitism that was equivalent or greater than (45.0-80.0%) the untreated control (57.5-62.5%). Japanese beetle larval mortality in these trials was greater in the insecticide and parasitoid combination (97.5-100.0%) than with insecticides alone (45.0-100.0%). Percentage of survival of T. vernalis progeny to the cocoon stage was not negatively affected by a 4-d adult parasitoid exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos treated soil (11.7-16.7% versus 18.3% control) or a 2-d exposure to P. japonica-treated larvae (16.7-18.3% versus 28.3% control). However, simultaneous exposure of T. vernalis progeny and P. japonica larvae to chlorpyrifos- and carbaryl-treated soil resulted in no parasitoids surviving to the cocoon stage. Between neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam had more adverse impact on percentage parasitism (52.5%) and survival to the cocoon stage (10.0%) than imidacloprid (80.0 and 32.5%, respectively). Results of this study indicate soil incorporation of imidacloprid and halofenozide had minimal effect on the number of P. japonica. larvae parasitized by T. vernalis or survival of T. vernalis progeny to the cocoon stage; therefore, they are more suitable for use with T. vernalis. In contrast, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and thiamethoxam lowered the number of T. vernalis progeny surviving to the cocoon stage, and carbaryl and chlorpyrifos reduced the number of P. japonica larvae parasitized. The soil incorporation of insecticides is discussed as one explanation for the minimal effects of some insecticides on T. vernalis. C1 Univ Florida, TREC, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Grp, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Comp & Stat Serv, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Oliver, JB (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, TSU Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 694 EP 703 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600010 PM 16022295 ER PT J AU Neven, LG AF Neven, LG TI Combined heat and controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments for control of codling moth in sweet cherries SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; quarantine; cherry; controlled atmosphere ID TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; LARVAE; AIR; FLY; TOLERANCE; MORTALITY; APPLES AB Nonchemical quarantine treatments, using a combination of short-duration high temperatures under low oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide atmospheric environment were developed to control codling moth in sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.). The two treatments developed are a chamber temperature of 45 C for 45 min and a chamber temperature of 47 C for 25 min under a 1% oxygen, 15% carbon dioxide, -2 degrees C dew point environment. Both these treatments have been shown to provide control of all life stages of codling moth while preserving commodity market quality. The third and fourth instars of codling moth are equally tolerant to CATTS treatments and are the most tolerant immature stages to these treatments. We determined that low levels of oxygen are more important than elevated carbon dioxide in achieving high levels of insect mortality. Efficacy tests of both treatments resulted in 100% mortality of 5,000 third instars of codling moth in each treatment. These treatments may be used to provide quarantine security in exported sweet cherries where codling moth is a quarantine concern and fumigation with methyl bromide is not desired. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 709 EP 715 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600012 PM 16022297 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Spurgeon, DW Sappington, TW Setamou, M AF Greenberg, SM Spurgeon, DW Sappington, TW Setamou, M TI Size-dependent feeding and reproduction by boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; reproductive indices; cotton ID NATURAL MORTALITY; CULTURAL-CONTROL; EGG-PRODUCTION; FECUNDITY; LEPIDOPTERA; PARAMETERS; SURVIVAL; DIPTERA; NUMBER AB The considerable variation in adult size of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, has been well documented, but the influences of adult size on reproductive rate are not known. We examined the relationship between the size of boll weevils and their feeding and oviposition. Weevils weighed to the nearest milligram were grouped into five categories based on pupal weight: <= 5,6-10,11-15,16 -20, and > 20 mg. Numbers of lifetime punctures produced in flower buds (squares) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., by both sexes of adults tended to increase with pupal weight. Boll weevil females with pupal weights > 10 mg produced progeny with significantly higher survival to adulthood and also produced a higher percentage of female progeny than those with pupal weights <= 10 mg. The population growth indices for females having pupal weights > 10 mg averaged 1.8-fold higher than those of females weighing <= 10 mg. Survivorship of adults of both sexes also tended to increase with pupal weight. The percentage of females laying eggs on any given day averaged 2.1 times higher when their pupal weights were > 10 mg than when their pupal weights were <= 10 mg. Although small size negatively affected female reproductive potential, even extremely small females produced some viable offspring. However, the penalties of small adult size, in terms of longevity and reproductive potential, suggest that cultural practices that result in the production of small adults may be used to impact weevil populations. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 749 EP 756 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600017 PM 16022302 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG AF Hollingsworth, RG TI Limonene, a citrus extract, for control of mealybugs and scale insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE monoterpenes; mealybugs; scales; surfactants; natural insecticides AB In a series of bioassays with mealybugs, aqueous solutions of 1% limonene were tested that used from 0.50 to 1.50% all purpose spray adjuvant (APSA)-80 as an emulsifier/ surfactant. The two ingredients were added to water or to 0.1% Silwet L-77, an agricultural surfactant. Using 1% limonene, 0.75% APSA-80 and 0.1% Silwet L-77, a semitransparent mixture (primarily a microemulsion) was obtained that was safe for most plants and provided good control of mealybugs when sprayed or used in 1-min dips. Used at half strength, this mixture controlled >= 99% of whiteflies, whereas the full-strength mixture controlled from 69 to 100% of mealybugs and scales, including >= 93% control of root mealybugs. In side-by-side greenhouse tests, this mixture was superior to a 2% solution of insecticidal soap or a 2% solution of horticultural spray oil. Mortality of green scales on potted gardenia plants averaged 95, 89, and 88% on plants sprayed with limonene, insecticidal soap, or horticultural oil, respectively. In a related test, these same sprays killed 44.1, 22.7, or 12.5% of third and fourth instar clustering mealybugs, respectively. Limonene has promise as a safe, natural pesticide for insect pests on tolerant plants. Although 1% limonene solutions damaged certain species of ferns, gingers and delicate flowers, they caused no damage to ornamentals with thick, waxy leaves, such as palms, cycads, and orchids. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 772 EP 779 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600020 PM 16022305 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Greenberg, SM Scott, AW Robinson, JRC AF Showler, AT Greenberg, SM Scott, AW Robinson, JRC TI Effects of planting dates on boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and cotton fruit in the subtropics SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; cotton; partial budgeting; planting date; subtropics ID TEXAS ROLLING PLAINS; SPRING EMERGENCE; DRYLAND COTTON; OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL; WINTER HABITAT; LONGEVITY; PROFILE; SUMMER; DAMAGE; TRAPS AB The effects of planting dates 2-3-wk apart on boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), field-level populations, and feeding and oviposition damage to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and bolls, were studied during 2002 and 2003 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Squares were 44-56% more abundant in some later planted treatments than in the earlier planted treatments, but mean cumulative numbers of oviposition- and feeding-damaged squares were 2.7-4.8-fold greater in some later planted treatments than in earlier treatments. Increased square production in later planted cotton was offset by boll weevil infestations that occurred when squares are most vulnerable and contribute most toward the pest's reproduction. Early planting avoided boll weevil population buildups in the field when large squares were abundant. Lint yields in 2002 did not differ significantly between the planting date treatments, but in 2003, mean yield in the middle treatment was 23% greater than in the early and late-planted treatments. Insecticide sprays in the earliest planted treatment of each year, based on the 10% damaged squares threshold, were > 33% and > 43% fewer than in the corresponding middle and latest planting treatments, respectively. Delayed planting, relative to the onset of favorable cotton-growing weather, at the field level, even when not applied uniformly on an areawide scale, is more cost-effective than planting too early or too late. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Rio Farms Inc, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78538 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 796 EP 804 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600023 PM 16022308 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF AF Dowd, PF TI Suitability of commercially available insect traps and pheromones for monitoring dusky sap beetles (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) and related insects in Bt sweet corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carpophilus lugubris; Helicoverpa zea; Ostrinia nubilalis; insect predators ID SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CARPOPHILUS-LUGUBRIS; NOCTUIDAE; COATTRACTANT; MANAGEMENT; VOLATILES; EARWORM; DESIGN; TOXIN AB Two trap types and pheromone sources for the dusky sap beetle, Carpophilus lugubris Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were compared in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt sweet corn fields over a 3-yr period. Overall, commercial traps and pheromones were equally effective as experimental traps and pheromones used previously for capturing C. lugubris and other sap beetle species. The commercial trap often caught significantly more Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say than the experimental trap that had been used in previous studies. Bt corn significantly reduced caterpillar damage to ears compared with the non-Bt isoline and did not adversely affect levels of Orius sp., the most common insect predator. Sap beetle damage was the most common insect damage to Bt sweet corn ears. Sap beetles were detected by traps at population levels below that which are likely to cause economic concern, indicating commercially available traps and pheromone lures for monitoring sap beetles should be suitable for detecting them under commercial growing conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 856 EP 861 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600029 PM 16022314 ER PT J AU Setamou, M Showler, AT Reagan, TE Jones, WA Bernal, JS AF Setamou, M Showler, AT Reagan, TE Jones, WA Bernal, JS TI Leptodictya tabida (Hemiptera : Tingidae): A potential threat to sugarcane production in Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugarcane tingid; infestation; pest densities; host plant preference ID BORER LEPIDOPTERA; SOUTH TEXAS; RESISTANCE; PYRALIDAE; CULTIVARS; LOUISIANA; FLORIDA AB Areawide surveys and replicated cultivar trials were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to assess the distribution and incidence of the sugarcane tingid Leptodictya tabida (Herrich-Schaeffer). L. tabida was found in all fields surveyed during both years, infesting 60 and 68% of the plants, respectively. The average percentage of leaves infested was 11% in 2001 and 15% in 2002. In 2001, 'CP70-1133' was the most infested, 'CP72-1210' was the least infested, and intermediate infestation levels were evident in 'CP70-321'and'TCP87-3388'. In 2002, however, TCP87-3388 and CP70-321 were more heavily infested, and CP71-1240 and CP71-1405 were the least infested. Mean densities of L. tabida recovered per plant varied between 1.2 bugs on CP72-1210 and 5.1 on CP70-1133 in 2001, and in 2002, from zero bugs on CP71-1240 and CP71-1405 to 5.3 on CP72-1210. In the cultivar trials, cultivar differences also were evident in both plant and leaf infestation levels, and the proportion of immatures to total L. tabida populations; 'HoCP91-555' had the lowest L. tabida infestations and 'NCo-310' had the greatest levels in both years. Although > 5,000 L. tabida from the field were collected and kept in the laboratory, no parasitoids were found. The distribution of the infestations during the surveys and in the field trial evaluations suggested that L. tabida populations have been spreading in sugarcane across the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Potential varietal resistance mechanisms are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Biol Control Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Setamou, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1023 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600050 PM 16022334 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Childers, CC Eger, JE AF Hall, DG Childers, CC Eger, JE TI Effects of reducing sample size on density estimates of citrus rust mite (Acari : Eriophyidae) on citrus fruit: Simulated sampling SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Aculops pelekassi; accuracy; precision; detection ID ORANGE FRUIT; DAMAGE; POPULATIONS; HAMLIN; MODEL AB The consequence of reducing sample size on the accuracy and precision of estimates of citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), densities on oranges was investigated. The sample unit was a 1-cm(2) surface area on fruit. Sampling plans consisting of 360, 300, 200, 160, 80, 48, 36, or 20 samples per 4 ha were evaluated through computer simulations by using real count data from 32 data sets of 600 sample units per 4 ha. The original and reduced sampling plans were hierarchical with different numbers of sample areas per 4 ha, trees per area, fruit per tree, and samples per fruit. Individual estimates (n = 100 simulations per data set) using each plan were sometimes considerably below or above target densities. In an original set of count data with a mean of six mites per cm(2), simulations of 36 samples per 4 ha produced individual estimates ranging from one to 16 mites per cm(2), whereas 80 samples per 4 ha produced estimates ranging from two to 10 mites per cm(2). The plans consisting of 36 or more samples were projected to provide precision levels of 0.25 (SEM/mean) or better at densities of five or more mites per cm(2) based on log-data, a projection that needs to be verified under real-grove situations. Each plan consistently provided mite detection in these sampling simulations except those consisting of 20 or 36 samples, which sometimes failed to detect mites when the target density was less than five mites per cm(2). The study provided insight into the probable precision, accuracy and detection thresholds for eight candidate sampling plans varying from relatively low to high resource input. C1 USDA, ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1057 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 933SG UT WOS:000229652600054 PM 16022338 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Wood, DL Sonstegard, TS da Mota, AF Bennett, GL Williams, JL Capuco, AV AF Connor, EE Wood, DL Sonstegard, TS da Mota, AF Bennett, GL Williams, JL Capuco, AV TI Chromosomal mapping and quantitative analysis of estrogen-related receptor alpha-1, estrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptor in the bovine mammary gland SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LACTOFERRIN GENE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATOR; HUMAN BREAST; ERR-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; MICE; RESPONSIVENESS; BINDING; TISSUE; MOUSE AB Steroid receptors are key transcriptional regulators of mammary growth, development and lactation. Expression of estrogen receptors alpha (ER alpha) and beta (ER beta), progesterone receptor (PR), and estrogen-related receptor alpha-1 (ERR alpha) have been evaluated in bovine mammary gland. The ERRa is an orphan receptor that, in other species and tissues, appears to function in the regulation of estrogen-response genes including lactoferrin and medium chain acvl-CoA dehydrogenase and in mitochondrial biogenesis. Expression of ER alpha, ER beta, PR and ERR alpha was characterized in mammary tissue obtained from multiple stages of bovine mammary gland development using quantitative real-time RT-PCR..Expression was evaluated in prepubertal heifers, primigravid cows, lactating non-pregnant cows, lactating pregnant cows and non-lactating pregnant coves (n=4 to 9 animals/stage). In addition, ER alpha, ER beta, PR and ERR alpha were snapped to chromosomes 9, 10, 15 and 29 respectively, by linkage and radiation hybrid mapping. Results indicated that expression of ER alpha, PR and ERR was largely coordinately regulated and they were present in significant quantity during all physiological stages evaluated. In contrast, ER alpha transcripts were present at a very low concentration during all stages. Furthermore, no ER alpha protein could be detected in bovine mammary tissue by immunohistochemistry. The ER alpha and PR proteins were detected during all physiological states, including lactation. Our results demonstrate the presence of ER alpha, PR and ERR alpha during all physiological stages, and suggest a functional role for ERRa and a relative lack of a role for ER beta in bovine mammary gland development and lactation. C1 EMBRAPA, Natl Dairy Cattle Res Ctr, BR-36038330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), Bldg 200,Room 14,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 NR 79 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 185 IS 3 BP 593 EP 603 DI 10.1677/joe.1.06139 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 936LP UT WOS:000229857800024 PM 15930184 ER PT J AU Byun, DW Kim, S Czader, B Nowak, D Stetson, S Estes, M AF Byun, DW Kim, S Czader, B Nowak, D Stetson, S Estes, M TI Estimation of biogenic emissions with satellite-derived land use and land cover data for air quality modeling of Houston-Galveston ozone nonattainment area SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biogenic emissions; land use/land cover; satellite data; air quality; ozone; leaf mass density; photosynthetically active solar radiation; TexAQS experiment ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; TEXAS; ISOPRENE; AMERICA; URBAN AB The Houston-Galveston Area (HGA) is one of the most severe ozone non-attainment regions in the US. To study the effectiveness of controlling anthropogenic emissions to mitigate regional ozone nonattainment problems, it is necessary to utilize adequate datasets describing the environmental conditions that influence the photochemical reactivity of the ambient atmosphere. Compared to the anthropogenic emissions from point and mobile sources, there are large uncertainties in the locations and amounts of biogenic emissions. For regional air quality modeling applications, biogenic emissions are not directly measured but are usually estimated with meteorological data such as photo-synthetically active solar radiation, surface temperature, land type, and vegetation database. In this paper, we characterize these meteorological input parameters and two different land use land cover datasets available for HGA: the conventional biogenic vegetation/land use data and satellite-derived high-resolution land cover data. We describe the procedures used for the estimation of biogenic emissions with the satellite derived land cover data and leaf mass density information. Air quality model simulations were performed using both the original and the new biogenic emissions estimates. The results showed that there were considerable uncertainties in biogenic emissions inputs. Subsequently, ozone predictions were affected up to 10 ppb, but the magnitudes and locations of peak ozone varied each day depending on the upwind or downwind positions of the biogenic emission sources relative to the anthropogenic NOx and VOC sources. Although the assessment had limitations such as heterogeneity in the spatial resolutions, the study highlighted the significance of biogenic emissions uncertainty on air quality predictions. However, the study did not allow extrapolation of the directional changes in air quality corresponding to the changes in LULC because the two datasets were based on vastly different LULC category definitions and uncertainties in the vegetation distributions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Inst Multi Dimens Air Qual Studies, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY USA. Global Environm Management, Camden, ME USA. Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX USA. RP Byun, DW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Inst Multi Dimens Air Qual Studies, Dept Geosci, 312 Sci & Res Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM dbyun@mail.uh.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.10.009 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925KX UT WOS:000229053100002 PM 15854724 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Bergman, C AF Chen, MH Bergman, C TI A rapid procedure for analysing rice bran tocopherol, tocotrienol and y-oryzanol contents (vol 18, pg 139, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Correction ID GAMMA-ORYZANOL; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; VITAMIN-E; OIL; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; EXTRACTION; QUANTITATION AB Tocopherols, tocotrienols and gamma-oryzanol compounds are phytochemicals with antioxidant activities and potential health benefits. Their contents and isomer ratios in rice bran vary among southern US cultivars, suggesting that breeding for higher contents or a favorable ratio of these phytochemicals is feasible. Methods that can rapidly and reliably extract and quantify their contents in rice bran or whole rice kernel are necessary for breeding programs. A simple, one-step equilibrium extraction procedure coupled with reversed-phase (RP) HPLC is presented here. The one-min equilibrium extraction at a 1:60 (w/v) ratio of rice bran to methanol recovered 92 to 102% of the target phytochemicals relative to those of repeated, non-saponified, direct solvent extraction methods. At this 1:60 ratio of bran to solvent, isopropanol and methanol are superior extraction solvents relative to hexane. A modified, mobile-phase gradient with 10% of aqueous phase for the first 3-min eliminates all the methanol-soluble interfering compounds. This extraction method has the following advantages over the currently available methods: speed, no special extraction instrumentation is needed; and the extraction solvent, methanol, is compatible with subsequent quantification via RP-HPLC. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 317 EP + DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.12.001 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 889GN UT WOS:000226431600008 ER PT J AU Passos, FV Felder, RM Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF Ollis, DF AF Passos, FV Felder, RM Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF Ollis, DF TI Dynamic model for mass transfer of solutes in cucumber fermentation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diffusion; cucumber; modeling; acids; sugar AB A mathematical model for the mass transfer of solutes between whole cucumbers and brine in cucumber fermentation has been developed that takes into account permeation of solutes through stomata in the cucumber skin and through the epidermal cells in the skin, as well as film diffusion through the surrounding brine boundary layer. The model was used to fit experimental data for the time-dependent concentrations of solutes that permeate into the cucumbers (glucose and malate) and out of them (lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and sodium chloride). The rate of lactic acid transport through the stomata was found to be three orders of magnitude greater than that through the epidermis, and the permeabilities of lactic and acetic acids were effectively independent of the brine circulation rate. These results indicate that the rate of permeation of solutes into and out of cucumbers was controlled by mass transfer through the stomata, with neither film diffusion nor epidermal diffusion having a significant effect. The model differential equation for solute transfer combined with a set of rate equations for microbial growth will provide a good basis to establish a.complete mechanistic model for the cucumber fermentation process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Food Sci, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Passos, FV (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Food Sci, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM fvpassos@ufv.br NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.06.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 903EO UT WOS:000227408500003 ER PT J AU McConnell, R Truong, VD Walter, WM McFeeters, RF AF McConnell, R Truong, VD Walter, WM McFeeters, RF TI Physical, chemical and microbial changes in shredded sweet potatoes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID ICEBERG LETTUCE; FRESH; ATMOSPHERE; QUALITY; STORAGE; VEGETABLES; CARROTS; TEMPERATURE; MICROFLORA; BROCCOLI AB With the increasing demand for freshly cut vegetables, a substantial potential exists in developing minimally processed sweet potato products. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of semipermeable polymeric materials and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on quality changes and microbial growth in shredded sweet potatoes tinder refrigerated storage. Shredded sweet potatoes from two major commercial cultivars (Beauregard and Hernandez) were packed in low and medium 02 permeability bags and flushed with gas composed of 5% O-2, 4% CO2 and 91% N-2. Quality changes and microbial growth were monitored in comparison to the samples packed in air using high-O-2 permeable films. The quality of shredded sweet potatoes could be maintained for 7 days at 4C in air but extended up to 14 days in MAP Considering the parameters measured in this investigation, the best results were obtained by MAP using moderately O-2-permeable film (7000 cm(3)/atm/ m(2)/24 h). Shredded sweet potatoes stored in MAP showed less changes in tissue firmness, dry matter, ascorbic acid and starch than shredded sweet potatoes stored in air The MAP-stored shredded sweet potatoes consistently exhibited fewer total aerobic bacteria and enteric bacteria compared to the shredded sweet potatoes stored in air Yeasts, molds, lactic acid bacteria, color, beta-carotene and sugars of all stored shredded sweet potatoes did not significantly change, regardless of treatments. Higher ethanol levels were generated in the MAP-stored shredded sweet potatoes after 10 days, but off-odors were not detected in any of the MAP-stored shredded sweet potatoes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM vtruong@unity.ncsu.edu NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD JUN-AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2005.00026.x PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 962XL UT WOS:000231766600005 ER PT J AU Romero, MG Mendonca, AF Ahn, DU Wesley, IV AF Romero, MG Mendonca, AF Ahn, DU Wesley, IV TI Influence of dietary vitamin E on behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and color stability in ground turkey meat following electron beam irradiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LIPID OXIDATION; E SUPPLEMENTATION; CARBON MONOXIDE; POULTRY MEAT; SHELF-LIFE; BEEF; VOLATILES; BREAST; PORK; PATTIES AB There is growing concern that the free radical scavenging effect of antioxidants added to meats might reduce the antimicrobial effectiveness of ionizing radiation. A study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin E on the behavior (growth) of Listeria monocytogenes and color stability in turkey meat following electron beam irradiation. Raw ground turkey breast meat from birds fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 IU/kg of vitamin E was inoculated with a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to give approximately 107 CFU/g. Inoculated samples were irradiated at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 kGy and stored aerobically (12 days) or under vacuum (42 days) at 4 degrees C. L. monocytogenes survivors were determined by plating samples on modified Oxford medium and counting colonies on modified Oxford medium plates after 48 h at 35 C. Meat color was measured using a colorimeter. Irradiation at 2.0 kGy resulted in an approximately 3.5-log reduction of initial numbers of L. monocytogenes. There were no significant differences in D-values (decimal reduction times) for L. monocytogenes in meat irrespective of vitamin E treatment (P > 0.05). Also, vitamin E treatments did not affect growth of the pathogen in aerobic or vacuum-packaged samples following irradiation (P > 0.05). Compared with controls, irradiated meat from birds fed 100 or 200 IU/kg of vitamin E demonstrated significant improvement in color stability (lightness and redness values) during aerobic storage (P < 0.05). Dietary vitamin E (100 to 200 IU/kg) has good potential for improving the color stability of turkey meat without compromising the microbial safety of the irradiated product. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Saftey & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mendonca, AF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amendon@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 935NN UT WOS:000229789100006 PM 15954702 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Johansson, AS AF Whitaker, TB Johansson, AS TI Sampling uncertainties for the detection of chemical agents in complex food matrices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Science and Technology Based Countermeasures to Foodborne Terrorism CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Shepherdstown, WV SP Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US & Israel Binat Agr Res & Dev Fund, Edo Chalutz, US Sci Advistory Comm, USDA, Food Safty & Inspect Serv, US Food & Drug Adm, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USAMY, US Food & Drug Adm Forens Chem Ctr, Int Life Sci Inst ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; UNITED-STATES; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS; PLANS; PISTACHIOS; COTTONSEED; WHEAT AB Using uncertainty associated with detection of aflatoxin in shelled corn as a model, the uncertainty associated with detecting chemical agents intentionally added to food products was evaluated. Accuracy and precision are two types of uncertainties generally associated with sampling plans. Sources of variability that affect precision were the primary focus of this investigation. Test procedures used to detect chemical agents generally include sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps. The uncertainty of each step contributes to the total uncertainty of the test procedure. Using variance as a statistical measure of uncertainty, the variance associated with each step of the test procedure used to detect aflatoxin in shelled corn was determined for both low and high levels of contamination. For example, when using a 1-kg sample, Romer mill, 50-g subsample, and high-performance liquid chromatography to test a lot of shelled corn contaminated with aflatoxin at 10 ng/g, the total variance associated with the test procedure was 149.2 (coefficient of variation of 122.1%). The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps accounted for 83.0, 15.6, and 1.4% of the total variance, respectively. A variance of 149.2 suggests that repeated test results will vary from 0 to 33.9 ng/g. Using the same test procedure to detect aflatoxin at 10,000 ng/g, the total variance was 264,719 (coefficient of variation of 5.1%). The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps accounted for 41, 57, and 2% of the total variance, respectively. A variance of 264,719 suggests that repeated test results will vary from 8,992 to 11,008 ng/g. Foods contaminated at low levels reflect a situation in which a small percentage of particles is contaminated and sampling becomes the largest source of uncertainty. Large samples are required to overcome the "needle-in-the-haystack" problem. Aflatoxin is easier to detect and identify in foods intentionally contaminated at high levels than in foods with low levels of contamination because the relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation) decreases and the percentage of contaminated kernels increases with an increase in concentration. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM whitaker@eos.ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1313 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 935NN UT WOS:000229789100029 PM 15954725 ER PT J AU Christie, IS Patel, JR Toledo, RT AF Christie, IS Patel, JR Toledo, RT TI Fluid to particle heat transfer coefficients in holding tube having noncircular cross section SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat transfer coefficients; holding tube; Reynolds number; particle ID FLOW; TEMPERATURES; SIMULATOR; SYSTEM; FOODS AB Convective heat transfer coefficient (h(p)) between fluid and particle in continuous tube flow were compared for 2 configurations of holding tubes: one conventional having a circular cross section (CHT) and the other having noncircular cross section (NCHT). A stream of plastic spheres was fed into the holding tube to simulate a food system with particulates. Live vegetative cells of Bacillus stearothermophilus were immobilized in aqueous gellan cubes and injected into the holding tubes with water as a carrier medium. The observed inactivation levels were compared with predicted values calculated from transient heat transfer equations solved by an explicit finite difference technique. Mean effective h(p) values ranged from 400 to 2500 W/m(2).K for the NCHT and 350 to 1700 W/m(2).K for the CHT at a Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 13000. The difference in h(p) levels between the 2 configurations increased with the flow rate and temperature. Although no relation was observed between h(p) values and liquid to particle relative velocity, a trend between pipe Reynolds number and h(p) values was observed. The presence of a large number of particles in the holding tube significantly influenced h(p) values. C1 USDA, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Patel, JR (reprint author), USDA, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jpatel@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP E338 EP E343 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944QM UT WOS:000230443900018 ER PT J AU Mattos, FR Fasina, OO Reina, LD Fleming, HP Breidt, F Damasceno, GS Passos, FV AF Mattos, FR Fasina, OO Reina, LD Fleming, HP Breidt, F Damasceno, GS Passos, FV TI Heat transfer and microbial kinetics modeling to determine the location of microorganisms within cucumber fruit SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; thermal death kinetics; modeling; blanching ID MICROFLORA; PRODUCE; VEGETABLES; CHLORINE; BACTERIA; WATER AB Microbiological and modeling (combined heat transfer and microbial kinetic equations [HTMK] model) approaches were used to determine the location of microorganisms within cucumber. The total number of aerobes found within/on cucumbers varied from 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/g. The highest and the least amount of microbiota were respectively found at the blossom end and middle part of the cucumbers and were within the 1st 6 mm of the cucumber surface. A comparison of the calculated thermal death time from the HTMK model with the values obtained from experimental data showed that total aerobic microorganisms were located within 0.65 mm of the fruit surface. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Technol Alimentos, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP E324 EP E330 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944QM UT WOS:000230443900016 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Welch, RM Miller, DD AF Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Welch, RM Miller, DD TI Prebiotics and iron Bioavailability - Is there a connection? SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE prebiotics; iron; colon; oligosaccharides; inulin ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; NONDIGESTIBLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; POSTGASTRECTOMY ANEMIA; SULFIDE PRODUCTION; OVERLOADED MICE; COLONIC-MUCOSA; IN-VITRO; ABSORPTION AB Poor bioavailability of dietary iron, especially from diets rich in cereals and legumes, is a major factor contributing to the high prevalence of nutritional iron deficiency in developing countries. Dietary modification to increase intake of components that promote iron absorption from low-bioavailability meals is an effective strategy for combating nutritional iron deficiency. Prebiotics are nondigestible oligosaccharides that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of specific species of bacteria in the colon with benefits to human health. Common prebiotics such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides occur naturally in a wide variety of plant-based foods and have recently been suggested to have an enhancing effect on iron absorption. The hypothesis that prebiotics enhance iron absorption is biologically plausible because fermentation of prebiotics by natural microflora present in the colon may decrease the pH of the luminal content, promote reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), stimulate proliferation of epithelial cells to expand the absorptive surface area, and potentially stimulate expression of mineral-transport proteins in epithelial cells. However, data available in the literature characterizing the enhancing properties of prebiotics on iron absorption are inconsistent, and mechanisms of actions involved are poorly understood. The notion that the colon can function as a significant site of iron absorption in response to stimulation by prebiotics, and the effect of long-term exposure to prebiotics on the iron status of iron-deficient subjects remain to be clarified. This review discusses the functional properties of prebiotics as a promising dietary factor that enhances iron absorption. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu NR 67 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP R88 EP R92 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944QM UT WOS:000230443900003 ER PT J AU Johanningsmeier, SD Fleming, HP Thompson, RL McFeeters, RF AF Johanningsmeier, SD Fleming, HP Thompson, RL McFeeters, RF TI Chemical and sensory properties of sauerkraut produced with Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures of differing malolactic phenotypes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE malolactic activity; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; sauerkraut; sulfur compounds ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; L-CYSTEINE SULFOXIDE; COMMERCIAL SAUERKRAUT; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; BLOATER FORMATION; BRINED CUCUMBERS; CABBAGE; FERMENTATION; CHEESE; CATABOLISM AB Research was conducted to determine whether Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures with and without malolactic activity (MDC+ and MDC-, respectively) influenced sensory and chemical properties of sauerkraut. No sensory differences were found between MDC+ and MDC- sauerkraut (P >= 0.05). In addition, sulfur compound profiles of the resulting sauerkraut were nearly identical. Brining at lower NaCl (0.5%) with either inoculum changed both the microbiology and chemistry of the fermenting sauerkraut, leading to decreased sauerkraut sulfur flavor. Quantification of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), methyl methanethiosulfinate, and methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTSO2) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that sauerkraut sulfur flavor correlated linearly with DMTS and MMTSO2 (P <= 0.01). C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N CArolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rfm@unity.ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP S343 EP S349 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944QM UT WOS:000230443900031 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Abbott, JA Bhagwat, AA Vinyard, BT AF Saftner, RA Abbott, JA Bhagwat, AA Vinyard, BT TI Quality measurement of intact and fresh-cut slices of Fuji, Granny Smith, Pink Lady, and GoldRush apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fresh-cut fruit; Malus x domestica; postharvest quality; respiration rate; shelf life ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; GALA APPLES; STORAGE; CULTIVARS; FRUITS AB Development of fresh-cut apple products requires consideration of cultivars that store well as both intact and fresh-cut fruit. We compared the instrumental and sensory quality of 2 apple cultivars, Granny Smith and Fuji, that are used for fresh cutting with 2 new cultivars, Pink Lady and GoldRush, which were considered to have quality characteristics suitable for fresh cutting. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), and aromatic volatile concentration were measured in intact fruit of the 4 cultivars during 12 mo storage in air at 0 degrees C and during 3 wk storage at 5 C as fresh-cut slices. After 1 wk storage as fresh-cut slices, sensory evaluations for acceptability of flesh and peel appearance, flavor, texture, and overall eating quality were performed. During storage, GoldRush apples maintained >80 N firmness, approximately 17% SSC, > 0.5% TA, and had high aromatic volatile production, that is, maintained quality better than the other cultivars. The quality and shelf stability of GoldRush slices were also as good as or better than slices from the other cultivars, whereas Granny Smith slices generally rated lower than the other cultivars. The acceptability of flavor, texture, and overall eating quality of GoldRush slices was as good as that for Pink Lady and Fuji. The quality of GoldRush apples can be maintained throughout the year in refrigerated air storage and still remain suitable for fresh-cut processing. The results indicate that GoldRush and Pink Lady are 2 promising new, high-quality apple cultivars for fresh cutting. C1 ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, USDA, B-002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM saftnerr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 70 IS 5 BP S317 EP S324 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 944QM UT WOS:000230443900027 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Elmendorf, WF McDonough, MH Burban, LL AF Thompson, JR Elmendorf, WF McDonough, MH Burban, LL TI Participation and conflict: Lessons learned from community forestry SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE collaboration; diversity; outreach; participation; planning; community forestry; conflict resolution; participatory research ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; MANAGEMENT AB Today, natural resource user groups are more diverse, with differing attitudes and behaviors. Successful resource management addressing diverse users' needs and preferences will require broadening participation in decisionmaking. We describe three components essential for participatory management: broadening constituencies involved in decisionmaking, cultivating better dialogue, and using conflict resolution techniques. Although there are disadvantages, participatory approaches ultimately reduce conflict, reduce costs, yield robust solutions, and lead to constituent support. We include a case study illustrating participation in a land-use planning context. Resource management professionals are likely to be involved in increased public participation and potential conflict, and professionals implementing participatory processes can be most successful with prior knowledge of effective ways to broaden participation as well as to resolve conflict. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jrrt@iastate.edu; wfe1@psu.edu; mcdono10@msu.edu; lburban@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 4 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947GN UT WOS:000230631500009 ER PT J AU Calkin, DE Gebert, KM Jones, JG Neilson, RP AF Calkin, DE Gebert, KM Jones, JG Neilson, RP TI Forest service large fire area burned and suppression expression trends, 1970-2002 SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wildland fire; Forest Service suppression expenditure trends; Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) ID OSCILLATION; WILDFIRE; WEATHER; CLIMATE AB Extreme fire seasons in recent years and associated high suppression expenditures have brought about a chorus of calls for reform of federal firefighting structure and policy. Given the political nature of the topic, a critical review of past trends in area burned, size of fires, and suppression expenditures is warranted. We examined data relating to emergency wildland fire suppression expenditures, number of fires, and acres burned and developed statistical models to estimate area burned using drought indices for the USDA Forest Service from 1970-2002. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Calkin, DE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM decalkin@fs.fed.us; hgebert@fs.fed.us; jgjones@fs.fed.us; rneilson@fs.fed.us RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 4 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947GN UT WOS:000230631500010 ER PT J AU Weisshaupt, BR Carroll, MS Blatner, KA Robinson, WD Jakes, PJ AF Weisshaupt, BR Carroll, MS Blatner, KA Robinson, WD Jakes, PJ TI Acceptability of smoke from prescribed forest burning in the northern inland west: A focus group approach SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE focus groups; prescribed forest burning ID FIRE; ATTITUDES; SUPPORT AB Focus groups were used to gouge tolerance of smoke from broadcast prescribed forest burning in the wildland-urban interface of the northern Inland West. Focus group participants worked through issues surrounding prescribed burning as a management tool to determine if the origin of smoke made a difference in the acceptance of that smoke. Participant responses across five different population sectors suggest that prescribed forest burning could be applied as a forest management tool with a well-informed public and that establishing and maintaining a dialogue with the public may be the most important part of any fire prescription. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Robinson Res Inc, Spokane, WA 99205 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Weisshaupt, BR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Room 115 Johnson Hall,POB 646410, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM weisshaupt@mail.com; carroll@mail.wsu.edu; blatner@wsu.edu; mail@robinsonresearchinc.com; pjakes@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 4 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 947GN UT WOS:000230631500012 ER PT J AU Slack, JM Lawrence, SD AF Slack, JM Lawrence, SD TI Evidence for proteolytic cleavage of the baculovirus occlusion-derived virion envelope protein P74 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; FUSION PROTEIN; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; MIDGUT; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; ARMIGERA; BINDING; ENTRY AB Baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) are released from occlusion bodies by the alkaline environment of the insect midgut. The ODV envelope protein P74 is required for oral infectivity. A soluble form of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus P74 protein, P74(sol) was engineered as part of a chimeric protein with jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP). P74(sol)-GFP was overproduced by the baculovirus expression system and purified away from the wild-type P74. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) were prepared from the midguts of third-instar Helicoverpa zea larvae. When P74(sol)-GFP was incubated under alkaline conditions with BBMVs, a P74(sol)-GFP product with a smaller molecular mass was produced. Immunoblots indicated that the smaller product was generated by N-terminal cleavage of P74. This cleavage was prevented by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Analysis of the peptide sequences of P74 homologues identified a conserved trypsin cleavage site that could generate the observed P74(sol)-GFP BBMV-specific cleavage product. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20852 USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W,Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20852 USA. EM lawrencs@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 BP 1637 EP 1643 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80832-0 PN 6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 932TE UT WOS:000229575500007 PM 15914841 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Thompson, SM AF Owens, RA Thompson, SM TI Mutational analysis does not support the existence of a putative tertiary structural element in the left terminal domain of Potato spindle tuber viroid SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; VARIANTS; PSTVD AB Comparative sequence analysis suggests that the left terminal domain of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and other large pospiviroids may assume a branched tertiary structure containing two pseudoknots. To search for evidence of such a structure in vivo, the nucleotide sequences proposed to interact were mutagenized, tomato seedlings were inoculated with mixtures of potentially infectious PSTVd RNA transcripts and the resulting progeny were screened for compensatory sequence changes. Positions 6-11 and 330-335 tolerated only limited sequence variation, and compensatory changes consistent with formation of an intact pseudoknot were observed in only two of the plants examined. No variation was detected at positions 14-16 or 29-31. Passage of selected variants in Rutgers tomato led to an increase in virulence only upon reversion to wild-type PSTVd-Intermediate. The ability of the left terminal domain to assume a branched conformation containing pseudoknots does not appear to be an important determinant of PSTVd fitness. C1 ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Room 118,Bldg 004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM owensr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 BP 1835 EP 1839 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80869-0 PN 6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 932TE UT WOS:000229575500029 PM 15914863 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C AF Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C TI Flavanol-rich dark chocolate decreases blood pressure, improves endothelium-dependient vasorelaxation, and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th European Meeting on Hypertension CY JUN 17-21, 2005 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Soc Hypertens, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, NOVARTIS, RECORDATI, SANKYO, Sanofi Aventis, Bayer Healthcare AG, Pfizer Inc, Solvay Pharmaceut GmbH C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015 OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 SU 2 BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 947JO UT WOS:000230639801016 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Uthus, EO Combs, GF AF Zeng, HW Uthus, EO Combs, GF TI Mechanistic aspects of the interaction between selenium and arsenic SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE selenium; arsenic; antagonism; carcinogenic activity ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; NF-KAPPA-B; CANCER PREVENTION; DNA-BINDING; COORDINATION SITES; METABOLISM; RAT; METHYLATION; AP-1; CHEMOPREVENTION AB Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and other animals, and there is mounting evidence for the efficacy of certain forms of selenium as cancer-chemopreventive compounds. However, over the years, numerous elements such as As, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sri, Pb, Ni, Co, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, and Mo have been found to inhibit anti-carcinogenic effects of selenium, which may affect the anti-carcinogenic activity of selenium. The interaction between selenium and arsenic has been one of the most extensively studied. The proposed mechanisms of this interaction include the increase of biliary excretion and direct interaction/precipitation of selenium and arsenic, and their effects on zinc finger protein function, cellular signaling and methylation pathways. This article focuses on these proposed mechanisms and how anti-carcinogenic effects of selenium may be affected by arsenic. C1 ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 2420 2nd Ave, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hzeng@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1274 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.03.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 934IJ UT WOS:000229702200001 PM 15917080 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD Kemp, WP Bosch, J Knoblett, JN AF Yocum, GD Kemp, WP Bosch, J Knoblett, JN TI Temporal variation in overwintering gene expression and respiration in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insects; diapause; heat shock; actin; oxygen consumption; carbon dioxide production; alfalfa leafcutting bee ID SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; FLESH FLY; HSP70 TRANSCRIPTS; UP-REGULATION; GYPSY-MOTH; HYMENOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; SHOCK AB Partial clones of Megachile rotundata HSP90, HSP70, HSC70 and actin were developed by RT-PCR. These clones were used to generate probes to screen for the expression of their respective transcripts in heat-shocked pupae and in diapausing prepupae through post-diapausing pupae. Northern blot analysis revealed transcript sizes for MrHSP90, MrHSP70, MrHSC70, and Mractin of 3.6, 2.3, 2.5, and 1.4 kb, respectively. MrHSP90 and MrHSP70 were highly upregulated in post-diapausing pupae exposed to 40 degrees C for 1 h, while MrHSC70 was only slightly induced by heat shock. Levels of MrHSC70 and MrHSP90 showed little change between field collected diapausing prepupae and post-diapausing pupae. In contrast, MrHSP70 was highly upregulated in diapausing prepupae and Mractin was at or below the level of detection in diapausing prepupae. Transferring field reared overwintering prepupae in February to 25 degrees C for 3 days induced an expression pattern of MrHSP70 and Mractin more typical of post-diapausing bees, indicating the likelihood that the transition to post-diapause development had occurred prior to February. However, measurements revealed possible cyclic respiration patterns, including low respiratory quotient (RQ) values during February and March and a transition during April to more continuous respiration with elevated RQ values. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Red Red Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Insect Genet & Biochem Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red Red Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Insect Genet & Biochem Res Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM yocumg@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 27 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 621 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.11.008 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 946XB UT WOS:000230605500004 PM 15993126 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE TI Susceptibility of lady beetles (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agrotis ipsilon; lady beetle; Harmonia axyridis; Olla v-nigrum; Coleomegilla maculata; Coccinella septempunctata; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Steinernema carpocapsae; nontarget ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; BLACK CUTWORM; STEINERNEMATIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; RHABDITIDA; VIRULENCE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; CARPOCAPSAE AB We investigated differential susceptibility of lady beetles to entomopathogenic nematodes, for two reasons: (1) to estimate potential nontarget effects on natural lady beetle populations, (2) to compare the susceptibility of exotic versus native lady beetle species. We hypothesize that successful establishment of some exotically introduced arthropods may be due, in part, to a lower susceptibility relative to competing native species. In laboratory studies, we compared the pathogenicity, virulence, and reproductive capacity of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae among two native (Coleomegilla maculata and Olla v-nigrum) and two successfully established exotic (Harmonia axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata) lady beetles, and a known susceptible lepidopteran host, Agrotis ipsilon. After I and 2 days of exposure to either nematode species, mortality of A. ipsilon was higher than in all lady beetles. Thus, we predict that nematode field applications would have significantly less impact on lady beetle populations than on a susceptible target pest. Additionally, the impact of soil-applied nematodes may be lower on lady beetles than on soil-dwelling hosts because the former spends relatively less time on the soil. Exotic lady beetles were less susceptible to nematode infection than native species. Reproductive capacity data also indicated lower host suitability in H. axyridis, but not in C septempunctata. Overall, the hypothesis that low susceptibility to pathogens in certain exotic lady beetles may have contributed to competitive establishment was supported (especially for H. axyridis). Additional studies incorporating different hosts and pathogens from various geographic locations will be required to further address the hypothesis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nutr Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nutr Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.04.002 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 956ZJ UT WOS:000231338600008 PM 15913642 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Snelling, JE Dreves, AJ Jaronski, ST AF Bruck, DJ Snelling, JE Dreves, AJ Jaronski, ST TI Laboratory bioassays of entomopathogenic fungi for control of Delia radicum (L.) larvae SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Delia radicum; Metarhizium anisopliae; Beauveria bassiana; cabbage inaggot; microbial control ID INSECT PATHOGENIC FUNGI; FLORALIS FALL.; ANTHOMYIIDAE; RESISTANCE; DIPTERA; SOIL AB Laboratory soil bioassays were performed at economic field rates for in-furrow (3.85 x 10(6) spores/g dry soil) and broadcast (3.85 x 10(5) spores/g dry soil) applications with three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (F52, ATCC62176, and ARSEF5520) and one isolate of Beauveria bassiana (GHA). All isolates tested were infective to second instar Delia radicum (L.). The conditionally registered M. anisopliae isolate (F52) performed best killing an average of 85 and 72% of D. radicum larvae at the high and low concentration, respectively. The mean LC50 and LC95 of F52 against second instar D. radicum was 2.7 x 10(6) and 1.8 x 10(8) spores/g dry soil, respectively. The use of F52 in an integrated management program is discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Bioresource Res Interdisciplinary Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 89 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.02.007 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 956ZJ UT WOS:000231338600012 PM 16087004 ER PT J AU Tsai, MY Hanson, NQ Straka, RJ Hoke, TR Ordovas, JM Peacock, JM Arends, VL Arnett, DK AF Tsai, MY Hanson, NQ Straka, RJ Hoke, TR Ordovas, JM Peacock, JM Arends, VL Arnett, DK TI Effect of influenza vaccine on markers of inflammation and lipid profile SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; YELLOW-FEVER VACCINATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PPAR-ALPHA; RISK; ACTIVATORS; MODEL; EXPRESSION; HEALTH; CELLS AB Despite wide use of the influenza vaccine, relatively little is known about its effect on the measurement of inflammatory markers. Because inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are increasingly being used in conjunction with lipids for the clinical assessment of cardiovascular disease and in epidemiologic studies, we evaluated the effect of influenza vaccination on markers of inflammation and plasma lipid concentrations. We drew blood from 22 healthy individuals I to 6 hours before they were given an influenza vaccination and 1, 3, and 7 days after the vaccination. Plasma CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, and serum amyloid A were measured, and differences in mean concentrations of absolute and normalized values on days 1, 3, and 7 were compared with mean baseline values. There was a significant increase in mean IL-6 (P <.01 absolute values, P <.001 normalized values) on day 1 after receiving the influenza vaccine. The mean increases in normalized high sensitivity CRP values were significant on day 1 (P <.01) and day 3 (P =.05), whereas the mean increase in. normalized serum amyloid A was significant only on day 1 (P <.05). No significant changes were seen in mean concentrations of IL-2 soluble receptor a, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Of the lipids, significant decreases in mean concentrations of normalized triglyceride values were seen on days 1 (P <.05), 3 (P <.001), and 7 (P <.05) after vaccination. Our findings show that the influenza vaccination causes transient changes in select markers of inflammation and lipids. Consequently, clinical and epidemiologic interpretation of the biomarkers affected should take into account the possible effects of influenza vaccination. C1 Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NHLBI, Div Heart & Vasc Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Tsai, MY (reprint author), 420 Delaware St SE,Mayo Mail Code 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tsaix001@tc.umn.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL72524-01, HL72524-02, HL72524-03, HL72524-04] NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 145 IS 6 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.lab.2005.03.009 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 942QG UT WOS:000230296300007 PM 15976761 ER PT J AU Cronin, MRA MacNeil, MD Patton, JC AF Cronin, MRA MacNeil, MD Patton, JC TI Variation in mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in north America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE caribou; genetics; herds; microsatellite DNA; mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-b gene; populations; Rangifer tarandus; subspecies ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; BOVINE GENOME; REINDEER; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; ALASKA; ARTIODACTYLS; CONSERVATION; MAMMALS; MARKERS AB Genetic variation of caribou (Rangfer tarandus) at 18 microsatellite DNA loci and the cytochrome-b gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified in 11 herds of 3 North American subspecies: Alaskan barren ground caribou (R. t. granti), Canadian barren ground caribou (R. t. groenlandicus), and woodland caribou (R. t. caribou). Phylogenetic analysis of 1,194 nucleotides of cytochrome-b sequence resulted in a clade of 52 genotypes in R. t. granti, R. t. groenlandicus, and in I herd of R. t. caribou, and a clade of 7 genotypes in R. t. caribou. mtDNA sequence divergence is approximately I% between these clades and 0.3-0.6% within these clades. The subspecies do not have monophyletic mtDNA, but do have different frequencies of mtDNA genotypes. Microsatellite allele frequencies also are differentiated between the woodland (R. t. caribou) and barren ground (R. t. granti and R. t. groenlandicus) subspecies. An exception is the George River herd in Labrador, which is classified as R. t. caribou but has mtDNA and microsatellite allele frequencies intermediate between the other herds of R. t. caribou and R. t. groenlandicus. Within subspecies, there is relatively low differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies and mtDNA genotypes among herds of R. t. granti and R. t. groenlandicus, and relatively high differentiation of microsatellite alleles and mtDNA genotypes among herds of R. t. caribou in 4 geographically separate areas in Canada. The extent of differentiation of mtDNA genotype frequencies and microsatellite allele frequencies within and among each subspecies reflects past and present gene flow among herds. Issues related to subspecies, populations, ecotypes, and herds are discussed. C1 Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Entrix Inc, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cronin, MRA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM croninm@aol.com RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[495:VIMDAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 934PH UT WOS:000229720200005 ER PT J AU Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Karki, SN Schauster, ER AF Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Karki, SN Schauster, ER TI Spatial ecology of swift fox social groups: From group formation to mate loss SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE denning; dispersal; group formation; home-range use; spatial ecology; swift fox; Vulpes velox ID WESTERN KANSAS; VULPES-VELOX; KIT FOXES; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; COYOTES; MORTALITY; JACKALS; HABITAT; MAMMALS AB We examined social group formation, movements and denning relative to other group members, home-range use, and the response to social group disruption among 188 radiocollared swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in Colorado. We found that during the initial stages of pair fort-nation mated foxes shared dens more frequently than during the remainder of their pair-bond. The average distance between mated pairs was influenced by season and time of day, with the greatest proximity in the breeding season (727.2 m +/- 42.3 SE), and during diurnal hours (463.7 +/- 34.7 m). Female foxes spent more time in the core area of the group home range (60.71% of locations versus 54.66% for males) and males spent more time on the range boundary (19.34% of locations versus 15.61% for females). Home-range use was influenced by season, with females spending more time in the core area in the breeding and pup-rearing seasons than in the dispersal season. Males also spent the highest proportion of their time in the core area during the breeding season, but used the boundary area more frequently than the core area in the pup-rearing season. A sex difference also was found in the response of a swift fox to the death or disappearance of its mate. All females maintained their territory in the event of mate death or disappearance; however, 50% of males emigrated from their range when the, female mate died or disappeared. These differences in space use between social group members provide important insights into the territorial behavior and mating system of the swift fox and indicate that the 2 sexes likely play different roles in care of young and homerange defense. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kitchen, AM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ann.kitchen@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[547:SEOSFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 934PH UT WOS:000229720200012 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ Keck, AS Banuelos, G Finley, JW AF Robbins, RJ Keck, AS Banuelos, G Finley, JW TI Cultivation conditions and selenium fertilization alter the phenolic profile, glucosinolate, and sulforaphane content of broccoli SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE broccoli; glucosinolates; high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/mass spectrometry; hydroxycinnamic acids; phenolics; selenium ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CANCER-RISK; VITAMIN-C; ACIDS; VEGETABLES; ANTIOXIDANT; FOODS; RATS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; CAROTENOIDS AB Broccoli is a food often consumed for its potential health-promoting properties. The health benefits of broccoli are partly associated with secondary plant compounds that have bioactivity; glucosinolates and phenolic acids are two of the most abundant and important in broccoli. In an effort to determine how variety, stress, and production conditions affect the production of these bioactive components broccoli was grown in the greenhouse with and without selenium (Se) fertilization, and in the field under conventional or organic farming procedures and with or without water stress. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify 12 primary phenolic compounds. Variety had a major effect: There was a preponderance of flavonoids in the Majestic variety, but hydroxycinnamic esters were relatively more abundant in the Legacy variety. Organic farming and water stress decreased the overall production of phenolics. Se fertilization increased glucosinolates in general, and sulforaphane in particular, up to a point; above that Se fertilization decreased glucosinolate production. Organic farming and water stress also decreased glucosinolate production. These data show environmental and genetic variation in phenolics and glucosinolates in broccoli, and warn that not all broccoli may contain all health-promoting a bioactive components. They further show that selection for one bioactive component (Se) may decrease the content of other bioactive components such as phenolics and glucosinolates. C1 ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, E Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Water Management Res Lab, USDA, Parlier, CA USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 32 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD SUM PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.204 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 946OY UT WOS:000230583000011 PM 16117613 ER PT J AU Qi, L Tai, SY Tan, CE Shen, HQ Chew, SK Greenberg, AS Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Qi, L Tai, SY Tan, CE Shen, HQ Chew, SK Greenberg, AS Corella, D Ordovas, JM TI Intragenic linkage disequilibrium structure of the human perilipin gene (PLIN) and haplotype association with increased obesity risk in a multiethnic Asian population SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM LA English DT Article DE obesity; perilipin; polymorphisms; haptotypes ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; SINGAPORE; CHINESE; RESISTANCE; DROPLETS; INDIANS; STORAGE; MALAYS; CELLS AB Perilipin is a lipid droplet surface protein present in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells. We examined five common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the perilipin (PLIN) locus (PLIN 6209C > T, 10171A > T, 11482G > A, 13041A > G, and 14995A > T) to investigate their association with obesity risk. The study population included 4,131 subjects of three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) from Singapore. The prevalence of obesity in Malays and Indians was much higher than in Chinese. Moreover, in these groups the prevalence of obesity was three times higher in women than in men. Crude analysis indicated that haplotype 11212 (CAAAT) is shared by Malays and Indians and is significantly associated with increased obesity risk as compared to the most common haplotype 21111 (TAGAA): OR 1.65 (95% Cl 1.11-2.46) in Malays and 1.94 (95% CI 1.06-3.53) in Indians. No associations between PLIN haplotypes and obesity risk were found in Chinese. To simplify the haplotype analyses we used a subgroup of three SNPs (I 1482G > A, 13041A > G, and 14995A > T) in positive linkage disequilibrium. These analyses revealed similar associations, showing that haplotypes XX212 (XXAAT) and XX222 (XXAGT) are associated with increased obesity risk in Malays OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.28-3.25) and 2.05 (95% CI 1.35-3.12) respectively, and that haplotype XXX212 (XXAAT) is significantly associated with increased obesity risk in Indians OR 2.16 (95% CI 1.10-4.26) after adjusting for covariates including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and diabetes status. Moreover, individual SNP analyses demonstrated that the PLIN 14995A > T SNP is the most informative single genetic marker for the observed haplotype association, being significantly associated with increased obesity risk in both Malays OR 2.28 (95% Cl 1.45-3.57) and Indians OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.08-3.64). These results support the role of the PLIN locus as an ethnically dependent modulator of obesity risk in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genomics Lab, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Singapore 169854, Singapore. Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Endocrinol Unit, Dept Prevent Med, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genomics Lab, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776] NR 21 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2716 J9 J MOL MED-JMM JI J. Mol. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s00109-004-0630-4 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 944EP UT WOS:000230409400006 PM 15770500 ER PT J AU Stephenson, SK Saykally, RJ AF Stephenson, SK Saykally, RJ TI Terahertz laser velocity modulation spectroscopy of ions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE tetrahertz; spectroscopy; velocity modulation; ions; rotational; vibrational ID FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; GROUND-STATE; SPECTRUM AB Velocity modulation spectroscopy has been investigated in the terahertz region, employing pure rotational transitions of ArH+ and rotation-tunneling transitions of H3O+ to study the competition between pressure broadening and Doppler broadening on the lineshapes, neutral suppression, and modulation efficiency. Velocity modulation is demonstrated to be effective to frequencies as low as 60 cm(-1), yielding S/N values for ArH+ (770/1) that surpass published terahertz FM results by an order of magnitude. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, D31 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 231 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2005.01.008 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 926ZF UT WOS:000229161500007 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Carta, LK Schmitt, DP AF Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Carta, LK Schmitt, DP TI Morphological and molecular evaluation of a Meloidogyne hapla population damaging coffee (Coffea arabica) in Maul, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; Coffea arabica; Coffea robusta; detection; identification; India; Meloidogyne exigua; M. incognita; M. javanica; M. konaensis; molecular diagnostics; nematode; Netherlands; resistance; taxonomy ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; 2ND-STAGE JUVENILES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CHITWOODI; FALLAX; REGION; RDNA; MAYAGUENSIS; EVOLUTION AB An unusual population of Meloidogyne hapla, earlier thought to be an undescribed species, was found causing large galls, without adventitious roots, and substantial damage to coffee in Maui, Hawaii. Only in Brazil had similar damage to coffee been reported by this species. Unlike M. exigua from South and Central America, this population reproduced well on coffee cv. Mokka and M. oncognita-susceptible tomato but poorly on tomato with the Mi resistance gene. Characterization included SEM images, esterase isozymes, and five DNA sequences: i) the D3 segment of the large subunit (LSU-D3 or 28S) rDNA, ii) internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) rDNA, iii) intergenic spacer (IGS) rDNA, iv) the mitochondrial interval from cytochrome oxidase (CO II) to 16S mtDNA, and v) the nuclear gene Hsp90. Sequences for ITS-1, IGS, and COII were similar to other M. hapla populations, but within species ITS-1 variability was not less than among species. One LSU-D3 haplotype was similar to a previously analyzed population with two minor haplotypes. Hsp90 exhibited some variation between Maryland and Hawaiian populations distinct from other species. Females were narrow with wide vulval slits, large interphasmidial distances, and more posterior excretory pores; 20% of perineal patterns had atypical perivulval lines. Males had a low b ratio (<12 mu m). juveniles had a short distance between stylet and dorsal gland orifice. juvenile body length was short (<355 mu m) and was different between summer and winter populations. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cartal@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 136 EP 145 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 977JH UT WOS:000232798900002 PM 19262853 ER PT J AU Church, GT Starr, JL Simpson, CE AF Church, GT Starr, JL Simpson, CE TI A recessive gene for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in interspecific Arachis spp. hybrids SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; durable resistance; Meloidogyne arenaria; peanut; recessive inheritance; resistance genes; root-knot nematode ID PEANUT GERMPLASM; RFLP MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; CARDENASII; HYPOGAEA AB A single dominant gene for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria was identified previously in two peanut cultivars, Arachis hypogaea 'COAN' and 'NeinaTAM'. The interspecific Arachis hybrid TxAG-6 was the source of this resistance and the donor parent in a backcross breeding program to introgress resistance into cultivated peanut. To determine if other resistance genes were present in TxAG-6 and derived breeding populations from the third backcross generation (BC3), F-2 individuals were evaluated for the resistance phenotype. The ratio of the resistant and susceptible individuals for all F-2 populations fit the expected ratio for resistance being governed by one dominant gene and one recessive gene. Evaluation of the F-3,generation from four susceptible F-2 individuals (two from TYAG-6 x A. hypogaea and two from the BC population) confirmed that a recessive gene for resistance to M. arenaria was present in each of the tested populations. The identification of a second gene for resistance in the A. hypogaea germplasm may improve the durability of the resistance phenotype. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stepenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Church, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM j-starr@tamu.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 178 EP 184 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 977JH UT WOS:000232798900007 PM 19262858 ER PT J AU Timper, P Hanna, WW AF Timper, P Hanna, WW TI Reproduction of Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Meloidogyne javanica, Paratrichodorus minor, and Pratylenchus brachyurus on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; Belonolaimus longicaudatus; corn; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; lesion nematode; Meloidogyne javanica; Paratrichodorus minor; peanut; pearl millet; Pennisetum glaucum; Pratylenchus brachyurus; reproduction; resistance; root-knot nematode; sting nematode; stubby-root nematode; Zea mays ID SORGHUM-SUDANGRASS HYBRIDS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CULTIVATED SOIL; COVER CROPS; WEST-AFRICA; HOST RANGE; CORN; PATHOGENICITY; RESISTANCE AB Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucom) has potential as a grain crop for dryland crop production in the southeastern United States. Whether or not pearl millet will be compatible in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsution), corn (Zea mays), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) will depend, in part, on its host status for important plant-parasitic nematodes of these crops. The pearl millet hybrid 'TifGrain 102' is resistant to both Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1; however, its host status for other plant-parasitic nematodes was unknown. In this study, the reproduction of Belonotaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor, Pratylenchus brachyrtrus, and iWeloidogyne javanica race 3 on pearl millet ('HGM-100' and TitGrain 102) was compared relative to cotton, corn, and peanut. Separate greenhouse experiments were conducted for each nematode species. Reproduction of B. longicaudatus was lower on peanut and the two millet hybrids than on cotton and corn. Reproduction of R minor was lower on peanut and TifGrain 102 than on cotton, corn, and HGM-100. Reproduction of P. brachyurus was lower on both millet hybrids than on cotton, corn, and peanut. Reproduction of M. javanica race 3 was greater on peanut than on the two millet hybrids and corn. Cotton was a nonhost. TifGrain 102 was more resistant than HGM-100 to reproduction of B. longicaudatus, P. minor, and M. javanica. Our results demonstrated that TifGrain 102 was a poor host for B. tongicaudatus and P. brachyurus (Rf < I) and, relative to other crops tested, was less likely to increase densities of 1 minor and M. javanica. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ptimper@tifton.usda.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 977JH UT WOS:000232798900012 PM 19262863 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA AF Zasada, IA TI Factors affecting the suppression of Heterodera glycines by N-Viro Soil SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonia; biosolid; Heterodera glycines; Meloidogyne incognita; nematodes; pH ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; FLY-ASH; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NEMATODE; TOMATO; AMMONIA AB Previous laboratory research demonstrated that N-Virc, Soil (NVS), an alkaline-stabilized municipal biosolid, suppressed plant-parasitic nematodes. This study continued to explore the use of NVS as a nematode management tool specifically addressing factors that could influence its use. N-Viro Soil from different locations, the components of NVS (de-watered biosolids and fly ash admixtures), and sterilized NVS were applied to sand microcosms to determine effects on nematode survival sand Solution pH and ammonia concentrations. This study confirmed the previous finding that an important mechanism of Heterodera glycines suppression by NVS was the generation of alkaline soil conditions. Only the fly ash admixture that resulted in an increase in pH to 10.0 suppressed H. glycines to the same level as NVS. Alkaline-stabilization of biosolids was necessary to achieve nematode suppression. Biosolids applied at rates <3% dry w/w did not suppress H. glycines to the same level as equivalent amounts of NVS. Sand solution pH levels after biosolid application, regardless of rate, were approximately 8.5 whereas 1% and 4% w/w NVS amendment resulted in pH levels of 10.3 and 11.6, respectively. NVS from different processing facilities were all effective in suppressing H. glycives. The NVS source that produced the highest concentration of ammonia did not reduce H. glycines survival to the same level as those sources generating pH levels above 10.1. Microbes associated with NVS appeared not to be responsible for the nematode suppressiverress of the amendment; there was no difference in nematode Suppression between atnoclaved and nonautoclaved NVS. The role that ammonia plays in the Suppression of H. glycines by NVS is still unclear. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zasadai@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 977JH UT WOS:000232798900013 PM 19262864 ER PT J AU Frank, JW Escobar, J Suryawan, A Kimball, SR Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Frank, JW Escobar, J Suryawan, A Kimball, SR Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Protein synthesis and translation initiation factor activation in neonatal pigs fed increasing levels of dietary protein SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE pigs; dietary protein; S6K1; 4E-binding protein 1; protein synthesis ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; P70 S6 KINASE; AMINO-ACIDS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; CHILD-HEALTH; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; INFANTS; INSULIN; GROWTH AB Limited data suggest that the growth of low-birth-weight infants is enhanced by feeding a high-protein diet; however, the mechanisms involved in the effect have not been delineated. To identify these mechanisms, 34 pigs were fed from 2 to 7 d of age [60 g dry matter/(kg body weight . d)] isocaloric milk diets that contained levels of dietary protein that were marginal, adequate, and in excess of the piglets protein requirement (21, 33, and 45% of dry matter, respectively). Dietary protein replaced lactose and fat on an isocaloric basis. Fractional protein synthesis rates, various biomarkers of translational regulation, and plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in overnight food-deprived and fed pigs. Mean daily weight gain of pigs fed the 33 and 45% protein diets was greater than that of pigs fed the 21 % protein diet (P < 0.01). Plasma glucose (P = 0.07) and insulin (P < 0.01) levels decreased as dietary protein increased 60 min after feeding. Protein synthesis rates in longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, masseter, heart, liver, kidney, jejunum, and pancreas were greater in the fed than in the food-deprived state (P < 0.01). Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle did not change with protein intake in the fed state, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary protein in the food-deprived state. Protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1(S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor (elF) 4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) were more phosphorylated, and assembly of the inactive eukaryotic initiation factor 4E . 4E-BP1 complex in muscle and liver was reduced in the fed state (P < 0.001) and were not consistently affected by dietary protein level. The results suggest that feeding stimulates protein synthesis, and this is modulated by the activation of initiation factors that regulate mRNA binding to the ribosomal complex. However, the provision of a high-protein diet that exceeds the protein requirement does not further enhance protein synthesis or translation initiation factor activation. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Frank, JW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658, DK-13499] NR 51 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1381 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 933HX UT WOS:000229620600007 PM 15930440 ER PT J AU Thivierge, MC Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Orellana, RA Burrin, DG Jahoor, F Davis, TA AF Thivierge, MC Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Orellana, RA Burrin, DG Jahoor, F Davis, TA TI Whole-body and hindlimb protein breakdown are differentially altered by feeding in neonatal piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phenylalanine hydroxylation; phenylalanine kinetics; neonate; skeletal muscle; stable isotopes ID AMINO-ACID INFUSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; SUPPRESS PROTEOLYSIS; NORMAL NEWBORNS; HEALTHY-ADULTS; FOOD-INTAKE; BLOOD-FLOW AB The high rate of muscle protein accretion in neonates is sustained by the marked increase in muscle protein synthesis in response to feeding. Little is known about the role of proteolysis in the regulation of protein accretion in response to feeding during the neonatal period. To determine the feeding-induced response of protein breakdown at the whole-body level and in the hindlimb of neonates, 10- and 28-d-old piglets that had been food deprived overnight were infused (7 h) with [1-C-13] phenylalanine and [ring-H-2(4)]tyrosine during an initial food deprivation period (3 h), followed by a feeding period (4 h). During feeding, endogenous flux of phenylalanine decreased (P < 0.01) in both the whole body and the hindlimb. Feeding reduced (P < 0.01) whole-body proteolysis but increased hindlimb proteolysis (P = 0.04), suggesting that tissues other than the hindlimb are involved in the reduction in whole-body proteolysis during feeding. Overnight food deprivation resulted in a net mobilization of phenylalanine from whole-body proteins (P < 0.01) but not hindlimb proteins. These responses were unaffected by age. The results suggest that the hindlimb requires a continuous supply of free amino acids to sustain the high rate of muscle protein turnover in neonates and that adaptive mechanisms provide free amino acids to sustain skeletal muscle protein accretion in early postnatal life when the amino acid supply is limited. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Laval, Fac Sci Agr & Alimentat, Nutraceut & Funct Food Inst, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR-44474, R01 AR044474] NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1430 EP 1437 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 933HX UT WOS:000229620600015 PM 15930448 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Bhaiyat, MI de Allie, C Macpherson, CNL Sharma, RN Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Miska, KB Hill, DE Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Bhaiyat, MI de Allie, C Macpherson, CNL Sharma, RN Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Miska, KB Hill, DE Lehmann, T TI Isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens in Grenada, West Indies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; HUMAN-DISEASE; BRAZIL; GENOTYPE; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; SHEEP; CATS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 102 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Grenada was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 53 (52%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in 6, 1:10 in 4, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 4, 1:80 in 15, 1:160 in 9, 1: 320 in 5, 1:640 in 4, and 1: 1,280 or greater in 2. Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of 43 seropositive chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or greater were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues of each of 10 chickens with titers of 1:5 and 1:10 were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissues front the remaining 49 seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to 4 T. gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts; they did not shed oocysts. T. gondii was isolated from 35 of 43 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or greater; from the hearts, brains, and pectoral muscles of 2, hearts and brains of 20, from the hearts alone of 11, and brains alone of 2. T. gondii was isolated from 1 of 10 chickens with titers of 1:5 or 1: 10. All 36 T. gondii isolates were avirulent for mice. Genotyping of these 36 isolates using polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 29 were Type III, 5 were Type I, I was Type II, and I had both Type I and Type III. Genetically, the isolates from Grenada were different from those from the United States; Type It was the predominant type from the United States. Phenotypically, all isolates from Grenada were avirulent for mice, whereas those from Brazil were mouse-virulent. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Grenada, West Indies. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.1645/GE-463R PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100014 PM 16108546 ER PT J AU Tuo, W Fetterer, RH Davis, WC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JR AF Tuo, W Fetterer, RH Davis, WC Jenkins, MC Dubey, JR TI Neospora caninum antigens defined by antigen-dependent bovine CD4(+) T cells SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFECTED CATTLE; BABESIA-BOVIS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; GROWTH; MICE AB Neosporosis is an important cause of pregnancy loss in cattle worldwide. The objective of the present study was to identify Neospora caninum antigens as vaccine candidates using antigen-specific, short-term CD4(+) T cells established from N. caninum-immunized and -challenged cows. Whole N. caninum tachyzoite lysate was separated into 6 fractions by DEAE anion-exchange chromatography using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The CD4(+) T-cell proliferation assay results indicated that antigenic activity was associated with proteins from HPLC fractions 4-6, with fraction 5 exhibiting the highest antigenic activity. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a 16-kDa protein in fractions 4-6 that was recognized by anti-N. caninum antibodies. This 16-kDa protein was absent in other fractions, and it may be a target of a T-cell response in cattle. Further identification of immunogenic proteins of N. caninum may facilitate development of subunit vaccines against neosporosis. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tuo, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wtuo@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.1645/GE-386R PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100016 PM 16108548 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Xiao, LH AF Fayer, R Santin, M Xiao, LH TI Cryptosporidium bovis n. sp (Apicomplexa : Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PARVUM; TRANSMISSION; OOCYST; LOCUS; PREVALENCE; PARASITES AB A new species of Cryptosporidium. C. bovis. is described. Oocysts of C. bovis, previously identified as Coptosporidium genotype Bovine B (GenBank AY 120911), are morphologically indistinguishable from those of C. parvum. They are excreted fully sporulated and contain 4 sporozoites, but lack sporocysts. Oocysts measure 4.76-5.35 mu m (mean = 4.89 mu m) X 4.17-4.76 mu m (mean = 4.63 mu m), with a length-to-width ratio of 1.06 (n = 50). Oocysts were not infectious for neonatal BALB/c mice, but were infectious for 2 calves that were previously infected with C. parvum. Oocysts were not infectious for 2 experimentally exposed lambs less than 1 wk of age and were not detected in 42 lambs 2-3 mo of age, but were detected in a 2-wk-old lamb. In an earlier study, 79 of 840 calves on 14 dairy farms in 7 states were found infected with the new species. Most calves were 2-7 mo of age and none exhibited signs of diarrhea. This new species has been found in 10 of 162 calves aged 9 to 11 mo on a beef farm in Maryland. Fragments of the 18S rDNA, HSP-70, and actin genes were amplified by PCR, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Multilocus analysis of the 3 unlinked loci demonstrated the new species to be distinct from C. parvum and also demonstrated a lack of recombination, providing further evidence of species status. Based on these biological and molecular data, we consider this highly prevalent Cryptosporidium that infects primarily postweaned calves to be a new species and propose the name Cryptosporidium bovis n. sp. for this parasite. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 30 TC 118 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1645/GE-3435 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100025 PM 16108557 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS Ding, XC Dalloul, RA Sato, T Yasuda, A Lillehoj, EP AF Lillehoj, HS Ding, XC Dalloul, RA Sato, T Yasuda, A Lillehoj, EP TI Embryo vaccination against Eimeria tenella and E-acervulina infections using recombinant proteins and cytokine adjuvants SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; BROILER CHICKS; OVO INJECTION; CDNA CLONING; RESPONSES; COCCIDIOSIS; IMMUNIZATION; STRATEGIES; CHALLENGE; ANTIGEN AB Avian coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. To investigate the potential of recombinant protein vaccines to control coccidiosis, we cloned 2 Eimeria sp. genes (EtMIC2 and 3-1E), expressed and purified their encoded proteins, and determined the efficacy of in ovo immunization to protect against Eimeria infections. Immunogen-specific serum antibody titers, parasite fecal shedding, and body weight gains were measured as parameters of disease. When administered alone, the recombinant EtMIC2 gene product induced significantly higher antibody responses, lower oocyst fecal shedding, and increased weight gains compared with nonvaccinated controls following infection with E. tenella. Combined embryo immunization with the EtMIC2 protein plus chicken cytokine or chemokine genes demonstrated that all 3 parameters of vaccination were improved compared with those of EtMIC2 alone. In particular, covaccination with EtMIC2 plus interleukin (IL)-8, IL-16, transforming growth factor-beta 4, or lymphotactin significantly decreased oocyst shedding and improved weight gains beyond those achieved by EtMIC2 alone. Finally, individual vaccination with either EtMIC2 or 3-IE stimulated protection against infection by the heterologous parasite E. acervidina. Taken together, these results indicate that in ovo vaccination with the EtMIC2 protein plus cytokine/chemokine genes may be an effective method to control coccidiosis. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1645/GE-3476 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100031 PM 16108563 ER PT J AU Honnold, SP Braun, R Scott, DP Sreekumar, C Dubey, JP AF Honnold, SP Braun, R Scott, DP Sreekumar, C Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasmosis in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GONDII INFECTION; OTTER AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment with oocysts. T. gondii was identified in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) that had visceral and cerebral lesions. Tachyzoites were found in the lymph nodes, spleen, diaphragm, heart, adrenal glands, and brain. A few tissue cysts were found in sections of the cerebrum. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically, by immunohistochemical staining with T. gondii-specific polyclonal rabbit serum, and by the detection of T. gondii DNA. The genotype was determined to be type III by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the SAG2 gene. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in a Hawaiian monk seal. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries, Honolulu, HI USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Natural Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1645/GE-469R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100039 PM 16108571 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Jordan, CN Flick, GJ Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Jordan, CN Flick, GJ Dubey, JP TI Effects of high pressure processing on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts for mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; ANISAKIS-SIMPLEX; MICROORGANISMS AB High pressure processing (HPP) has been shown to be an effective non-thermal method of eliminating non-spore forming bacteria from a variety of food products. The shelf-life of the products is extended and the sensory features of the food are not or only minimally effected by HPP. The present study examined the effects of HPP using a commercial scale unit on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Oocysts were exposed from 100 to 550 MPa for I min in the HPP unit and then HPP treated oocysts were orally fed to groups of mice. Oocysts treated with 550 MPa or less did not develop structural alterations when viewed with light microscopy. Oocysts treated with 550 MPa, 480 MPa, 400 Mpa, or 340 MPa were tendered noninfectious for mice. Mice fed oocysts treated with no or 100 to 270 MPa became infected and most developed acute toxoplasmosis and were killed or died 7 to 10 days after infection. These results suggest that HPP technology may be useful in the removal of T. gondii oocysts from food products. C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Virginia Tech, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Virginia Tech, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 699 EP 701 DI 10.1645/GE-425R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100041 PM 16110575 ER PT J AU Santin, M Dixon, BR Fayer, R AF Santin, M Dixon, BR Fayer, R TI Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in northern Quebec, Canada SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITES; GENOTYPE; TAXONOMY; LOCUS; MURIS AB This study reports the Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidiun spp. isolates identified from intestinal contents of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). Cryptosporidium spp. fragments of 18S rRNA, HSP-70, and actin loci were amplified by PCR from seal intestinal contents. PCR-positive specimens were sequenced and compared with other Cryptosporidium species and genotypes reported previously. Sequence analysis showed the presence of C. muris and 2 novel genotypes in ringed seals. C1 USDA ARS, Environ Microbial Safety Lab, Animal & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bur Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Banting Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environ Microbial Safety Lab, Animal & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 712 EP 716 DI 10.1645/GE-3438RN PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100045 PM 16108576 ER PT J AU Ludwig-Muller, J Walz, A Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD Dong, WQ Town, CD AF Ludwig-Muller, J Walz, A Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD Dong, WQ Town, CD TI Overexpression of maize IAGLU in Arabidopsis thaliana alters plant growth and sensitivity to IAA but not IBA and 2,4-D SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; auxin homeostasis; IAA conjugates; IAA-glucose synthase; Zea mays ID ACID-LYSINE SYNTHETASE; SYRINGAE SUBSP SAVASTANOI; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-SAVASTANOI; AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE; EXPRESSION; CONJUGATE; PROTEIN; AMIDOHYDROLASE AB Overexpression of the IAGLU gene from maize (ZmIAAGLU) in Arabidopsis thaliana, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, inhibited root but not hypocotyl growth of seedlings in four different transgenic lines. Although hypocotyl growth of seedlings and inflorescence growth of mature plants was not affected, the leaves of mature plants were smaller and more curled as compared to wild-type and empty vector transformed plants. The rosette diameter in transgenic lines with higher ZmIAGLU expression was also smaller compared to the wild type. Free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels in the transgenic plants were comparable to the wild type, even though a decrease in free IAA levels might be expected from overexpression of an IAA-conjugate-forming enzyme. IAA-glucose levels, however, were increased in transgenic lines compared to the wild type, indicating that the ZmIAGLU gene product is active in these plants. In addition, three different 35SZmIAGLU lines showed less inhibition of root growth when cultivated on increasing concentrations of IAA but not indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Feeding IAA to transgenic lines resulted in increased IAA-glucose synthesis, whereas the levels of IAA-aspartate and IAA-glutamine formed were reduced compared to the wild type. Our results show that IAA homeostasis can be altered by heterologous overexpression of a conjugate-forming gene from maize. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Bot, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ludwig-Muller, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Bot, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM jutta.Ludwig-Mueller@mailbox.tu-dresden OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s00344-004-0006-6 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 971UE UT WOS:000232409500007 ER PT J AU Iyer, M Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD AF Iyer, M Slovin, JP Epstein, E Cohen, JD TI Transgenic tomato plants with a modified ability to synthesize indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-O-D-glucose SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE auxin conjugation; glucosyltransferase; indoleacetyl-glucose; Lycopersicon esculentum; phytohormone; transgenic tomato ID ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; ZEA-MAYS; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; SYNTHETASE GENE; ANTISENSE RNA; AUXIN; METABOLISM; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO AB Esterification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is thought to be an important component in the homeostatic regulation of the levels of this phytohormone. To better understand the role of the initial step in IAA esterification in the control of IAA levels, transgenic tomato plants were generated that either express maize IAGLU or have reduced levels of the enzyme IAA-glucose synthetase. These plants were obtained by expressing maize IAGLU in either sense or antisense orientation using the CaMV35S promoter. The maize IAGLU probe hybridized to two transcripts (1.3 kb and 2.5 kb) in wild-type tomato vegetative tissue and green fruit. The sense and antisense transformants exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics. Sense transformants showed an almost complete lack of root initiation and development. Antisense transgenic plants, on the other hand, had unusually well developed root systems at early stages in development, and the amount of the endogenous 75 kDa IAGLU protein was reduced. IAGLU antisense plants also had reduced levels of IAA-glucose and lower esterified IAA. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Cook Coll, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Geon, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM slovinj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 EI 1435-8107 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s00344-004-0007-5 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 971UE UT WOS:000232409500008 ER PT J AU Tu, S Uknalis, J Yamashoji, S Gehring, A Irwin, P AF Tu, S Uknalis, J Yamashoji, S Gehring, A Irwin, P TI Luminescent methods to detect viable and total Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; CHEMILUMINESCENT ASSAY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; FOODS; SEPARATION; BACTERIA; CELLS; BIOLUMINESCENCE; BIOSENSOR AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 was inoculated into ground beef. Samples were incubated in E. coli broth plus novobiocin growth media at 37C for 5 h. Bacteria were captured by magnetic beads coated with anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies and were treated with menadione, a membrane-permeable electron-transfer shuttering reagent, to oxidize the cellular-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H). Alternatively, bead-captured bacteria were sandwiched by second anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies labeled with peroxidase. The level of NAD(P)H and the enzyme activity of antibody-bound peroxidase were then measured by luminol-linked luminescence. The treatment of the E. coli O157:H7 with a bacterial protein extraction reagent diminished the luminescence associated with cellular NAD(P)H but not the luminescence associated with the sandwiched peroxidase label. Thus, the NAD(P)H-linked luminescence, not the luminescence that was associated with the sandwiched complexes, was related to the viability of the E. coli O157:H7. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Nikken Biomed Lab, Kyoto 6130046, Japan. RP Tu, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM stu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2005.00010.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 955QW UT WOS:000231242900002 ER PT J AU Cajka, T Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Hajslova, J AF Cajka, T Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Hajslova, J TI Use of automated direct sample introduction with analyte protectants in the GC-MS analysis of pesticide residues SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticide residue analysis; direct sample introduction; difficult matrix introduction; large volume injection; analyte protectants; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; food analysis; baby food ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ON-COLUMN INJECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOF-MS; FOOD; TIME; ENHANCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; SPLITLESS; MATRICES AB Automated large-volume direct sample introduction, or difficult matrix introduction (DMI), was investigated in the determination of 44 pesticide residues possessing a wide range of physico-chemical properties (volatility, polarity, pK(a)) in fruit-based baby food by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a quadrupole mass analyzer. DMI has advantages over traditional injection because large volumes (up to 30 mu L) of potentially dirty sample extracts can be injected into the GC-MS, but nonvolatile matrix components that would normally contaminate the inlet are removed after every injection. The extra matrix and glass surfaces involved in DMI, however, make the system more prone to the matrix-induced chromatographic enhancement effect, which adversely affects quantification of several pesticides. To overcome this problem, matrix-matched calibration standards and/or the use of analyte protectants were applied in the DMI approach, and the analysis of extracts was also compared before and after undergoing clean-up by dispersive solid-phase extraction. For best quantification, clean-up was still needed, and the combination of matrix-matching with analyte protectants gave the most reproducible results. Depending on the application, however, the addition of analyte protectants (a mixture of 3-ethoxy-1,2-propanediol, L-gulonic acid 3-lactone, and D-sorbitol) to sample extracts and calibration standards in solvent (non-matrix matched), gave satisfactory quantification for most of the 44 pesticides tested. The lowest calibration levels for 34 of the 44 pesticides were <= 10 ng/g, which meets the standard required by the European Union Baby Food Directive (2003/13/EC). C1 Inst Chem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, Tech 3, CR-16628 Prague, Czech Republic. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Cajka, Tomas/A-8914-2008; Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 OI Cajka, Tomas/0000-0002-9728-3355; NR 24 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 1048 EP 1060 DI 10.1002/jssc.200500050 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 941OO UT WOS:000230224300026 PM 16013832 ER PT J AU Klurfeld, DM AF Klurfeld, DM TI Response: Snack foods, obesity and realistic recommendations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klurfeld, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.klurfeld@nps.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 938PO UT WOS:000230015500002 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J TI Comparison of hormone and glucose responses of overweight women to barley and oats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE whole grains; insulin; glycemic response; insulin resistance; soluble fiber ID HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET; INSULIN RESPONSES; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BETA-GLUCAN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PARTICLE-SIZE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; NIDDM SUBJECTS AB Objective: To determine the effect of particle size (flour vs. flakes) on glycemic responses after oats and barley (Prowashonupana cultivar), which contain high amounts of soluble fiber, are consumed by overweight women. Design: Ten women, average age 50 years and body mass index 30, consumed glucose (1 g/kg body weight) and four test meals (1 g carbohydrate/kg body weight; 2/3 of the carbohydrate from oat flour, oatmeal, barley flour, or barley flakes and 1/3 from pudding) in a Latin square design after consuming controlled diets for 2 days. Blood samples were collected at fasting and periodically after each meal. Results: Peak glucose and insulin levels after barley were significantly lower than those after glucose or oats. Glucose areas under the curve (AUCs) after test meals compared with AUCs after glucose were reduced after both oats and barley (29-36% by oats and 59-65% by barley) (p < 0.002). Insulin AUCs after test meals compared with glucose AUCs were significantly reduced only by barley (44-56%) (p < 0.005). Indexes for insulin resistance (HOMA, MFFM, Cederholm) after the oat and barley meals were not different from indexes after the glucose meal. Glucagon and leptin responses did not significantly differ for the carbohydrates tested. Conclusions: Particle size of the oats or barley had little effect on the glycemic responses. Both oat and barley meals reduced glycemic responses; the high soluble fiber content of this barley appeared to be a factor in the greater reduction observed. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, ARS, Bldg 307B,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM behall@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 50 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 938PO UT WOS:000230015500007 PM 15930484 ER PT J AU Bacon, L Stern, JS Van Loan, MD Keim, NL AF Bacon, L Stern, JS Van Loan, MD Keim, NL TI Size acceptance and intuitive eating improve health for obese, female chronic dieters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT-LOSS; DIETARY; INTERVENTIONS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; FITNESS; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Objective Examine a model that encourages health at every size as opposed to weight loss. The health at every size concept supports homeostatic regulation and eating intuitively (ie, in response to internal cues of hunger, satiety, and appetite). Design Six-month, randomized clinical trial; 2-year follow-up. Subjects White, obese, female chronic dieters, aged 30 to 45 years (N=78). Setting Free-living, general community. Interventions Six months of weekly group intervention (health at every size program or diet program), followed by 6 months of monthly aftercare group support. Main outcome measures Anthropometry (weight, body mass index), metabolic fitness (blood pressure, blood lipids), energy expenditure, eating behavior (restraint, eating disorder pathology), and psychology (self-esteem, depression, body image). Attrition, attendance, and participant evaluations of treatment helpfulness were also monitored. Statistical analysis performed Analysis of variance. Results Cognitive restraint decreased in the health at every size group and increased in the diet group, indicating that both groups implemented their programs. Attrition (6 months) was high in the diet group (41%), compared with 8% in the health at every size group. Fifty percent of both groups returned for 2-year evaluation. Health at every size group members maintained weight, improved in all out-come variables, and sustained improvements. Diet group participants lost weight and showed initial improvement in many variables at 1 year; weight was regained and little improvement was sustained. Conclusions The health at every size approach enabled participants to maintain long-term behavior change; the diet approach did not. Encouraging size acceptance, reduction in dieting behavior, and heightened awareness and response to body signals resulted in improved health risk indicators for obese women. C1 City Coll San Francisco, Dept Biochem, San Francisco, CA 94112 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Agr Expt Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Endocrinol Clin Nutr & Cardiovasc Med, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Bacon, L (reprint author), City Coll San Francisco, Dept Biochem, 50 Phelan Ave,Box S-80, San Francisco, CA 94112 USA. EM lbacon@ccsf.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK35747, DK57738] NR 29 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 6 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.011 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 932PN UT WOS:000229565900012 PM 15942543 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE TI Descriptons of Finlaya theobald, a genus in tribe Aedini (Diptera : Culicidae), and its type species FL-Kochi (Donitz) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Aedes; Aedini; Finlaya; Finlaya kochi; Kochi Group; Ochlerotatus ID ROSS RIVER RESERVOIR; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; PHILIPPINE ISLANDS; INDIA DIPTERA; AEDES DIPTERA; AUSTRALIA; ANOPHELES; CLASSIFICATION; QUEENSLAND; SUBGENERA AB Genus Finlaya Theobald is characterized based on the morphology of females, female genitalia, males, male genitalia, pupae, and 4th-stage larvae. Distinctive characters of the genus are discussed and included species are listed. Finlaya kochi, the type species, is described in detail and a syntype female is selected as neotype. An extensive list of previous literature pertaining to the genus is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 199 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 154 EP 170 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[154:DOFTAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934MJ UT WOS:000229712600008 PM 16033117 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE TI Corrections to the spelling of species names in genera Psorophora and Verrallina, with a note on the correct gender of Udaya SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Culicidae; Psorophora; Udaya; Verrallina AB The spelling of specific names for a species of Psorophora and 4 species of Verrallina are corrected to correspond with the gender of the corresponding genus. An explanation is given for treating Udaya as masculine, rather than feminine as indicated in A Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museo Nacl Hist Nat, WRBU, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[227:CTTSOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934MJ UT WOS:000229712600019 PM 16033128 ER PT J AU Silva, IM Eiras, AE Kline, DL Bernier, UR AF Silva, IM Eiras, AE Kline, DL Bernier, UR TI Laboratory evaluation of mosquito traps baited with a synthetic human odor blend to capture Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; human odor; mosquito; traps; monitoring ID HUMAN SKIN EMANATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LACTIC-ACID; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; SPECTROMETRY; RANGE AB A synthetic blend of chemicals comprising volatiles released by the human body has been shown to be an effective attractant for female Aedes aegypti in olfactometer bioassays with laboratory-reared mosquitoes. We report the laboratory evaluation of Ae. aegypti response to a synthetic blend tested with 4 types of mosquito traps (CDC model 512, CDC model 1012, CFG, and Fay Prince traps). Aedes aegypti females were attracted significantly by the blend. The higher release rate of attractant (320.2 +/- 10.71 mg/h) more efficiently attracted mosquitoes than the lower release rate (42.0 +/- 2.3 mg/h). Although both the Fay-Prince and CFG traps caught higher number of mosquitoes than the other traps, only the CFG trap caught a statistically significant greater number of mosquitoes. The results suggest that the synthetic blend is effective in attracting Ae. aegypti females under controlled laboratory conditions (i.e., a closed system). Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this blend in baited traps under field conditions. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Culicideos, Dept Parasitol, ICB, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Eiras, AE (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Lab Culicideos, Dept Parasitol, ICB, Av Antonio Carlos,6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Silva, Ivoneide/C-9234-2016 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[229:LEOMTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934MJ UT WOS:000229712600020 PM 16033129 ER PT J AU Lu, JB Sun, G McNulty, SG Amatya, DM AF Lu, JB Sun, G McNulty, SG Amatya, DM TI A comparison of six potential evapotranspiration methods for regional use in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE potential evapotranspiration; actual evapotranspiration; forest hydrology; regional hydrological modeling; southeastern United States ID WATER-BALANCE; EVAPORATION; SCALE; HYDROLOGY; EQUATION; FLORIDA; MODELS AB Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is an important index of hydrologic budgets at different spatial scales and is a critical variable for understanding regional biological processes. It is often an important variable in estimating actual evapotranspiration (AET) in rainfall-runoff and ecosystem modeling. However, PET is defined in different ways in the literature and quantitative estimation of PET with existing mathematical formulas produces inconsistent results. The objectives of this study are to contrast six commonly used PET methods and quantify the long term annual PET across a physiographic gradient of 36 forested watersheds in the southeastern United States. Three temperature based (Thornthwaite, Hamon, and Hargreaves-Samani) and three radiation based (Turc, Makkink, and Priestley-Taylor) PET methods are compared. Long term water balances (precipitation, streamflow, and AET) for 36 forest dominated watersheds from 0.25 to 8213 km(2) in size were estimated using associated hydrometeorological and land use databases. The study found that PET values calculated from the six methods were highly correlated (Pearson Correlation Coefficient 0.85 to 1.00). Multivariate statistical tests, however, showed that PET values from different methods were significantly different from each other. Greater differences were found among the temperature based PET methods than radiation based PET methods. In general, the Priestley-Taylor, Turc, and Hamon methods performed better than the other PET methods. Based on the criteria of availability of input data and correlations with AET values, the Priestley-Taylor, Turc, and Hamon methods are recommended for regional applications in the southeastern United States. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Lu, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jlu2@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 183 Z9 190 U1 3 U2 77 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03759.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000009 ER PT J AU Singh, N Kaur, L Ezekiel, R Guraya, HS AF Singh, N Kaur, L Ezekiel, R Guraya, HS TI Microstructural, cooking and textural characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tubers in relation to physicochemical and functional properties of their flours SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE potato; Solanum tuberosum; tuber; cultivars texture; flour; microstructure; mealiness pasting; thermal; starch; gels ID RETROGRADATION PROPERTIES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PASTING PROPERTIES; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; AMYLOSE CONTENT; COOKED POTATO; CV MONALISA; CELL-WALL; STARCH; GELATINIZATION AB Potato tubers from six different cultivars were freeze-dried, ground into flour and analyzed for thermal, pasting and textural characteristics (using differential scanning calorimetry, Rapid Visco analyzer and Instron universal testing machine, respectively) to study the relationship between flour characteristics and cooked potato mealiness. The potatoes with higher sensory mealiness scores resulted in flours having lower transition and pasting temperatures, higher amylose content, setback, peak and final viscosity. The flour gels from the mealier potatoes also exhibited higher values of textural parameters such as hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and springiness. The microstructure of the tuber parenchyma (studied using scanning electron microscopy), cooking and sensory characteristics of potatoes were found to be related to the pasting and textural characteristics of their flours. Potato cultivars with lower mealiness scores, loosely packed cell arrangement, with comparatively large-size cells and thinner cell walls showed lower values of textural parameters for both raw and cooked potatoes. This information may prove useful for the selection of potato cultivars with desirable textural and flour-making properties for specific end-uses. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. Cent Potato Res Inst, Shimla 171001, Himachal Prades, India. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. EM narpinders@yahoo.com RI Kaur, Lovedeep/A-8820-2009 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1275 EP 1284 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2108 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 929OI UT WOS:000229355000006 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Ali, A Barnard, DR AF Xue, RD Ali, A Barnard, DR TI Effects of forced egg-retention in Aedes albopictus on adult survival and reproduction following application of DEET as an oviposition deterrent SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; oviposition deterrent; N, N-diethyl-3-metliylbbenzamide (DEET); adult survival; fecundity; reproduction; mosquito behavior; mosquito control ID PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE; INSECT REPELLENTS; FIELD-EVALUATION; MOSQUITO; AEGYPTI; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB The insect repellent DEET (0.1% concentration), used as a mosquito oviposition deterrent in the laboratory, influenced the retention and maintenance of mature eggs by caged gravid female Aedes albopictus Skuse. This egg-retention mechanism could benefit survival because the gravid females were ultimatelyable to lay maintained eggs upon availability of water, but the length of forced egg-retention time reduced the number of eggs laid per female. Gravid females with retained eggs also laid a higher percentage of eggs that failed to tan, and this percentage increased with time duration of egg-retention. Percent egg hatch was not significantly affected by DEET when used as an oviposition deterrent; however, percent hatch was affected by time duration of egg-retention in both treated (exposed to DEET) and untreated (control) gravid females. The rate of egg hatch was considerably reduced after three weeks of retention; this reduction declined to zero for treated and control females at six and four weeks post-treatment, respectively. The fecundity and fertility of gravid female A e. albopictus were affected by the time duration of forced egg-retention. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, POB 1409, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 941LO UT WOS:000230216500007 PM 16007955 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Raynolds, MK Daniels, FJA Einarsson, E Elvebakk, A Gould, WA Katenin, AE Kholod, SS Markon, CJ Melnikov, ES Moskalenko, NG Talbot, SS Yurtsev, BA AF Walker, DA Raynolds, MK Daniels, FJA Einarsson, E Elvebakk, A Gould, WA Katenin, AE Kholod, SS Markon, CJ Melnikov, ES Moskalenko, NG Talbot, SS Yurtsev, BA CA CAVM Team TI The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; bioclimate zone; geographic information system; plant functional type; radiometer; tundra ID NORTHERN ALASKA; SOIL-PH; CLIMATE; CANADA; TUNDRA AB Question: What are the major vegetation units in the Arctic, what is their composition, and how are they distributed among major bioclimate subzones and countries? Location: The Arctic tundra region, north of the tree line. Methods: A photo-interpretive approach was used to delineate the vegetation onto an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) base image. Mapping experts within nine Arctic regions prepared draft maps using geographic information technology (ArcInfo) of their portion of the Arctic, and these were later synthesized to make the final map. Area analysis of the map was done according to bioclimate subzones, and country. The integrated mapping procedures resulted in other maps of vegetation, topography, soils, landscapes, lake cover, substrate pH, and above-ground biomass. Results: The final map was published at 1:7 500 000 scale map. Within the Arctic (total area = 7.11 x 106 km(2)), about 5.05 x 10(6) km(2) is vegetated. The remainder is ice covered. The map legend generally portrays the zonal vegetation within each map polygon. About 26% of the vegetated area is erect shrublands, 13% peaty graminoid tundras, 13% mountain complexes, 12% barrens, 11% mineral graminoid tundras, 11% prostrate-shrub tundras, and 7% wetlands. Canada has by far the most terrain in the High Arctic mostly associated with abundant barren types and prostrate dwarf-shrub tundra, whereas Russia has the largest area in the Low Arctic, predominantly low-shrub tundra. Conclusions: The CAVM is the first vegetation map of an entire global biome at a comparable resolution. The consistent treatment of the vegetation across the circumpolar Arctic, abundant ancillary material, and digital database should promote the application to numerous land-use, and climate-change applications and will make updating the map relatively easy. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Bot & Bot Garten, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Iceland Museum Nat Hist, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Tromso, Inst Biol & Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00927 USA. RAS, VL Komarov Bot Inst, Dept Far N Vegetat, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. USGS Alaska Geog Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RAS, SB, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, 311 Irving,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdaw@uaf.edu; daniels@uni-muenster.de; eythor@ni.is; Arve@ibg.uit.no; wgould@fs.fed.us; katenin@ik6026.spb.edu; dryas@peterstar.ru; markon@usgs.gov; emelnikov@mtu-net.ru; nat-moskalenko@yandex.ru; stephen_talbot@fws.gov RI Maier, Hilmar/A-9000-2010; OI Maier, Hilmar/0000-0002-8442-0701; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 NR 50 TC 344 Z9 354 U1 14 U2 154 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 959GQ UT WOS:000231506600002 ER PT J AU Solorzano, A Webby, RJ Lager, KM Janke, BH Garcia-Sastre, A Richt, JA AF Solorzano, A Webby, RJ Lager, KM Janke, BH Garcia-Sastre, A Richt, JA TI Mutations in the NS1 protein of swine influenza virus impair anti-interferon activity and confer attenuation in pigs SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTOR; ANTIVIRAL CYTOKINE RESPONSES; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PRE-MESSENGER-RNAS; A VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; INTERFERON INDUCTION; BETA-INTERFERON AB It has been shown previously that the nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza virus is an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist, both in vitro and in experimental animal model systems. However, evidence of this function in a natural host has not yet been obtained. Here we investigated the role of the NS1 protein in the virulence of a swine influenza virus (SM isolate in pigs by using reverse genetics. The virulent wild-type A/Swine/Texas/4199-2/98 (TX/98) virus and various mutants encoding carboxy-truncated NS1 proteins were rescued. Growth properties of TX/98 viruses with mutated NS1, induction of IFN in tissue culture, and virulence-attenuation in pigs were analyzed and compared to those of the recombinant wild-type TX/98 virus. Our results indicate that deletions in the NS1 protein decrease the ability of the TX/98 virus to prevent IFN-alpha/beta synthesis in pig cells. Moreover, all NS1 mutant viruses were attenuated in pigs, and this correlated with the amount of IFN-alpha/beta induced in vitro. These data suggest that the NS1 protein of SIV is a virulence factor. Due to their attenuation, NS1-mutated swine influenza viruses might have a great potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates against SIV infections of pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Div Virol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jricht@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 NR 57 TC 140 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 12 BP 7535 EP 7543 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7535-7543.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 930LA UT WOS:000229416100027 PM 15919908 ER PT J AU Elosua, R Bartali, B Ordovas, JM Corsi, AM Lauretani, F Ferrucci, L AF Elosua, R Bartali, B Ordovas, JM Corsi, AM Lauretani, F Ferrucci, L CA InChianti Investigators TI Association between physical activity, physical performance, and inflammatory biomarkers in an elderly population: The InCHIANTI study SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; HORMONE REPLACEMENT; CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY; US ADULTS; EXERCISE; MARKERS AB Background. Our aim was to determine the association between physical activity and physical performance, and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly persons. Methods. One thousand four persons aged 65 years or more, participants in a cross-sectional population-based study, were included. Interviewers collected information on self-reported physical activity during the previous year, Moreover. 841 participants performed a 400-meter walking test to assess physical performance. plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined. Results. Compared to sedentary men, men practicing light and moderate-high physical activity had a significantly lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (-0.33 and -0.40 mm/h, p = .023 and p = .006, respectively), fibrinogen level (-43 and -39 mg/dL p = .001 and p = .004, respectively), and logarithm of C-reactive protein (CRP) (-0.43 and -0.73 mg/L; p = .025 and p < .001, respectively), whereas only those men practicing moderate-high physical activity had a significantly lower uric acid level (-0.57 mg/dL; p = .023), log(interleukin 6) levels (-0.33 pg/mL; p = .014), and log(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) (-0.31 pg/mL; p = .030). In women, those practicing tight and moderate-high physical activity had significantly lower uric acid (-0.45 and -0.34 mg/dL; p = .001 and p = .039, respectively) and log(interleukin 6) levels (-0.18 and -0.30 pg/mL; p = .043 and p = .004, respectively); only those women practicing moderate-high physical activity had significantly lower log(CRP) (-0.31 mg/L; p = .020). In women, when the analysis was adjusted for body mass index. the association between physical activity and CRP was no longer significant. Similar findings were observed when we carried these analyses according to physical performance. Conclusions. Current physical activity practice and performance are associated with inflammatory biomarkers. A significant beneficial association is already observed with light physical activity practice and intermediate performance. C1 Inst Municipal Invest Med, Lipids & Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Barcelona 08003, Spain. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Inst Res & Care Aging, Lab Clin Epidemiol, Dept Geriatr, Florence, Italy. Harbor Hosp, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Clin Res Branch, NIA,NIH,ASTRA Unit, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Elosua, R (reprint author), Inst Municipal Invest Med, Lipids & Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Dr Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM relosua@imim.es RI Lauretani, Fulvio/K-5115-2016; OI ELOSUA, ROBERTO/0000-0001-8235-0095; Lauretani, Fulvio/0000-0002-5287-9972; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 41 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 760 EP 767 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 939VL UT WOS:000230100500014 PM 15983180 ER PT J AU King, DA Anderson, RC Miller, RK Carr, MA Carstens, GE Savell, JW Jung, YS Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ AF King, DA Anderson, RC Miller, RK Carr, MA Carstens, GE Savell, JW Jung, YS Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ TI Effects of pre-harvest supplemental chlorate on beef carcass and meat quality SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; carcass quality; color; sodium chlorate; tenderness ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; HIDES AB Effects of feeding sodium chlorate on carcass quality, tenderness and color stability were evaluated. Heifers (n = 64) were fed chlorate at either 0.01% or 0.05% of body weight (BW) in the last feeding or 0.01% for the last 5d before harvest, while control cattle received no chlorate. During the 12 h period between feed withdrawal and transport to the harvest facility, the cattle were provided water containing either no sodium chlorate or sodium chlorate (approximately 30 mM). Feed treatments at 0.01% of BW produced higher marbling scores than feeding 0.01% of BW for 5 d. However, neither of these treatments produced marbling scores that were different from non-treated controls. Water supplementation increased tenderness in cattle fed 0.01% of BW for 5 d, but decreased tenderness in cattle fed 0.05% of BW at the last feeding. Although tenderness differences existed, it is not clear whether or not they were caused by the feed or water treatments or by pre-existing variation in the cattle. Neither feed nor water supplementation affected color stability. These data suggest that chlorate preparations could be used to reduce pathogens without adversely impacting meat quality or display life. However, further research is needed to further substantiate these findings. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. RP Miller, RK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, 2471 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rmiller@tamu.edu RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 70 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.12.019 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 924GL UT WOS:000228966900002 PM 22063477 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Johnson, DD Chase, CC West, RL Coleman, SW Olson, TA Hammond, AC AF Riley, DG Johnson, DD Chase, CC West, RL Coleman, SW Olson, TA Hammond, AC TI Factors influencing tenderness in steaks from Brahman cattle SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; Brahman; collagen; tenderness ID ESTIMATED GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BEEF-LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; MUSCLE COLOR; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION; INTRAMUSCULAR COLLAGEN; MEAT PALATABILITY; CARCASS TRAITS; QUALITY; TAURUS AB The objective of this study was to identify a set of explanatory variables for Warner-Bratzler shear force and myofibril fragmentation indices after 7, 14, and 21 d of aging; and sensory tenderness after 14 d of aging of steaks from Brahman cattle. Insoluble collagen was negatively associated (P < 0.001) with all tenderness traits across aging periods, and regression coefficients ranged from 5.69 &PLUSMN; 0.49 to 9.12 &PLUSMN; 0.29 N for Warner-Bratzler shear force. The effect of lean color score (P < 0.05) in analyses of unadjusted traits was diminished when data were adjusted for contemporary group (calves of the same sex, fed in one pen, and slaughtered the same day). Insoluble collagen may be of special importance and offer a unique opportunity to improve palatability of steaks from purebred Brahman cattle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM dgriley@ifas.ufl.edu NR 35 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 70 IS 2 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.01.022 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 924GL UT WOS:000228966900017 PM 22063492 ER PT J AU Pham, VD Shebelut, CW Diodati, ME Bull, CT Singer, M AF Pham, VD Shebelut, CW Diodati, ME Bull, CT Singer, M TI Mutations affecting predation ability of the soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID FRUITING BODY DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED GENES; GLIDING MOTILITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYXOBACTERIA; CHEMOTAXIS; MUTANTS; LOCUS; SEQUENCE; MOVEMENT AB Myxococcus xanthus genetic mutants with characterized phenotypes were analysed for the ability to prey on susceptible bacteria. Quantification of predatory ability was scored by a newly developed method under conditions in which prey bacteria provided the only source of nutrients. These results were corroborated by data derived using a previously published protocol that measures predation in the presence of limited external nutrients. First, early developmental regulatory mutants were examined, because their likely functions in assessing the local nutrient status were predicted to be also important for predation. The results showed that predation efficiency is reduced by 64-80 % for mutants of three A-signalling components, AsgA, AsgC and AsgE, but not for AsgB. This suggests that an Asg regulon function that is separate from A-signal production is needed for predation. Besides the Asg components, mutations in the early developmental genes sdeK and csgA were also consistently observed to reduce predatory efficacy by 36 and 33 %, respectively. In contrast, later developmental components, such as DevRS, 4406 and PhoP4, did not appear to play significant roles in predation. The predatory abilities of mutants defective for motility were also tested. The data showed that adventurous, but not social, motility is required for predation in the assay. Also, mutants for components in the chemotaxis-like Frz system were found to be reduced in predation efficiency by between 62 and 85 %. In sum, it was demonstrated here that defects in development and development-related processes affect the ability of M. xanthus to prey on other bacteria. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Genet & Dev, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Singer, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mhsinger@ucdavis.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R25-GM56765B, GM54592, T32GM0737] NR 67 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2005 VL 151 BP 1865 EP 1874 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27824-0 PN 6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 938ZF UT WOS:000230041200014 PM 15941994 ER PT J AU Ellingson, JLE Koziczkowski, JJ Anderson, JL Carlson, SA Sharma, VK AF Ellingson, JLE Koziczkowski, JJ Anderson, JL Carlson, SA Sharma, VK TI Rapid PCR detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in bovine food products and feces SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR : enterohemorrhagic; Escherichia coli; eae gene; raw beef products; bovine feces ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTIPLEX PCR; O157-H7; GENE; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE AB Although Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is a major cause of foodborne illness, other types of E. coli can also cause illness. E. coli that possess the eae gene for attachment and effacing have the potential to cause disease. Many real-time, molecular-based assays have been developed to detect Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) including E. coli O157:H7. However, no assay currently exists to detect the eae gene present in E. coli O157:H7 and other EHEC strains with a confirmed positive or negative result in less than 12 h. Raw beef food products (raw ground beef and raw boneless beef) at 25 and 375 g samples and bovine fecal samples at 2 g were inoculated with 10(1), 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) organisms of E. coli O157:H7 to test the sensitivity of this assay. Fourteen different foodborne bacteria (including E. coli O157:H7) and 19 various E. coli strains, obtained froth the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) were tested for specificity. E. coli O157:H7 was detected at the level of 10(1) organisms in both 25 and 375 g samples of raw ground and raw boneless beef products as well as 2 g samples of bovine feces after pre-enrichment and concentration. None of the 14 foodborne bacteria screened for cross-reactivity was detected. All USDA E. coli strains confirmed to contain the eae gene were detected. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Food Safety Serv, Div Lab Med, Marshfield Clin Labs, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ellingson, JLE (reprint author), Food Safety Serv, Div Lab Med, Marshfield Clin Labs, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM ellingson.jay@marshfieldclinic.org NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.01.004 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 918CG UT WOS:000228515500010 PM 15797823 ER PT J AU Ellingson, JLE Stabel, JR Radcliff, RP Whitlock, RH Miller, JM AF Ellingson, JLE Stabel, JR Radcliff, RP Whitlock, RH Miller, JM TI Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free-ranging bison (Bison bison) by PCR SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE paraluberculosis : Johne's disease; IS900; bison; PCR ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RUMINANT PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMERICAN WILD RUMINANTS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; INSERTION ELEMENT; JOHNES DISEASE; DOMESTIC SHEEP; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Bacterial culture is the 'gold standard' for detecting Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, but is time consuming. laborious, and recovery of organism varies with species of animal tested. PCR has been used for detection of MAP DNA in feces and tissues. We used PCR to detect MAP DNA isolated from tissues from 25 free-ranging North American bison (Bison bison), each with clinical signs compatible with Johne's disease. We report the performance of PCR to detect MAP DNA in both frozen and paraffin-embedded ileum, jejunum. and ileocecal lymph node samples collected at the time of slaughter. Specific oligonucleotide primers for PCR amplification were derived from 16S rRNA sequence M. avium subspecies (MAs) and insertion elements IS1245 (MAs avium), IS901 (MAs avium), IS900 (MAP). and hspX (MAP). Genomic DNA samples were prepared three different ways; crude DNA from frozen tissues, crude DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues. and purified DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues. An animal was considered infected if MAP DNA was detected in at least two separate tissues using the IS900 primer set. Using these criteria, 25 of 25 bison tested were positive for MAP. The data indicate that these free-ranging bison have been infected by MAP. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Food Safety Serv, Marshfield Clin Labs, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Ellingson, JLE (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Food Safety Serv, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM ellingson.jay@marshfieldclinic.org NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.01.003 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 918CG UT WOS:000228515500011 PM 15797824 ER PT J AU Min, WG Lillehoj, HS Ashwell, CM van Tassell, CP Dalloul, RA Matukumalli, LK Han, JY Lillehoj, EP AF Min, WG Lillehoj, HS Ashwell, CM van Tassell, CP Dalloul, RA Matukumalli, LK Han, JY Lillehoj, EP TI Expressed sequence tag analysis of Eimeria-stimulated intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in chickens SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickens; intestinal lymphocytes; expressed sequence tag (EST); expression cDNA library; Eimeria ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CDNA CLONING; NK-LYSIN; T-CELLS; DATABASE; DNA; INDUCTION; INFECTION; CYTOKINES; TENELLA AB Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a critical role in protective immune response to intestinal pathogens such as Eimeria, the etiologic agent of avian coccidiosis. A list of genes expressed by intestinal IELs of Eimeria-infected chickens was compiled using the expressed sequence tag (EST) strategy. The 14,409 ESTs consisted of 1851 clusters and 7595 singletons, which revealed 9446 unique genes in the data,set. Comparison of the sequence data with chicken DNA sequences in GenBank identified 125 novel clones. This EST library will provide a valuable resource for profiling global gene expression in normal and pathogen-infected chickens and identifying additional unique immune-related genes. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotecnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Sunchon Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Sunchon 540742, Chonnam, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366; Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1385/MB:30:2:143 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 931DZ UT WOS:000229467300006 PM 15920284 ER PT J AU Sword, GA Joern, A Senior, LB AF Sword, GA Joern, A Senior, LB TI Host plant-associated genetic differentiation in the snakeweed grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis (Orthoptera : Acrididae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; ecological divergence; Gutierrezia sarothrae; performance; preference; Solidago mollis ID SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; INSECT HERBIVORES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BROOM SNAKEWEED; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; HAWAIIAN CRICKETS; EVOLUTION; SPECIALIZATION; ECOLOGY AB Studies of herbivorous insects have played a major role in understanding how ecological divergence can facilitate genetic differentiation. In contrast to the majority of herbivorous insects, grasshoppers as a group are largely polyphagous. Due to this relative lack of intimate grasshopper-plant associations, grasshopper-plant systems have not played a large part in the study of host-associated genetic differentiation. The oligophagous grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis (Thomas), is endemic to North America and feeds on composites (Asteraceae) within the tribe Astereae. Previous work has shown both preference and performance differences between H. viridis individuals feeding on either Solidago mollis or Gutierrezia sarothrae. Using 222 AFLP markers, we examined the genetic relationships among 38 H. viridis individuals feeding on these plants both in sympatry and allopatry. Neighbour-joining analysis resulted in two distinct host-associated clades with 71% bootstrap support for host-associated monophyly. Analyses of molecular variation AMOVA revealed significant genetic structuring with host plant accounting for 20% of the total genetic variance while locality accounted for 0%. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between S. mollis-feeders and G. sarothrae-feeders even when the two were present at the same locality. These results are consistent with observed differences in preference and performance between H. viridis grasshoppers feeding on either G. sarothrae or S. mollis and indicate that H. viridis is comprised of at least two genetically distinct host plant-associated lineages. C1 USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Sword, GA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 73 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 7 BP 2197 EP 2205 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02546.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 927JN UT WOS:000229190300028 PM 15910337 ER PT J AU Davis, JE Kubisiak, TL Milgroom, MG AF Davis, JE Kubisiak, TL Milgroom, MG TI Polymorphic sequence-characterized codominant loci in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE chestnut blight fungus; Cryphonectria parasitica; RAPD; SCAR; sequence-characterized amplified region ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Studies on the population biology of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, have previously been carried out with dominant restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprinting markers. In this study, we describe the development of 11 codominant markers from randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). RAPD fragments were cloned and sequenced, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed flanking insertions/deletions. Primers labelled with fluorescent dyes were combined in multiplex reactions to assay five or six loci simultaneously in a capillary sequencing system. These codominant markers have the potential to complement RFLP methods for studying C. parasitica. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Milgroom, MG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mgm5@cornell.edu NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00874.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300001 ER PT J AU Buhariwalla, HK Jarret, RL Jayashree, B Crouch, JH Ortiz, R AF Buhariwalla, HK Jarret, RL Jayashree, B Crouch, JH Ortiz, R TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Musa balbisiana SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE B genome; microsatellite; Musa; polymorphism; polyploid AB This is the first report of targeted development of B genome microsatellite markers in Musa. A total of 44 sequences with microsatellites were isolated from an enriched library of Musa balbisiana cv. 'Tani' (BB genome). Of these, 25 were polymorphic when screened on 14 diverse diploid and triploid Musa accessions. The number of alleles detected by each marker ranged between one and seven. All 25 microsatellite markers generated amplification products in all species and genome complements. These new microsatellite markers fill an important gap for diversity assessment and linkage mapping studies in plantain (AAB) and cooking banana (ABB). C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, MS Swaminathan Genom Lab, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, USDA, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Buhariwalla, HK (reprint author), Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, MS Swaminathan Genom Lab, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00916.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300040 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Gideon, M Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ AF Meerow, AW Gideon, M Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ TI Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite loci from Iris hexagona (Iridaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Iris; Louisiana iris; microsatellite; population genetics; SSR AB Ten microsatellite loci isolated from Iris hexagona are described. All these loci are polymorphic, with three to 13 alleles across 24 individuals from a single natural population. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.125 to 0.870. Three loci depart significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our test population. The test population shows significant heterozygote deficiency in these and two other loci. Three loci exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium. These loci will be utilized to investigate patterns of genetic variation in the species throughout the Florida peninsula. C1 ARS, USDA, SHRS, Miami, FL 33328 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33328 USA. EM miaam@ars-grin.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00943.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300066 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, M Ralph, J Steinhart, H TI Association of non-starch polysaccharides and ferulic acid in grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) dietary fiber SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amaranth; ferulic acid; feruloylated oligosaccharides; nuclear magnetic resonance; pectins ID SUGAR-BEET PULP; GRASS CELL-WALLS; FERULOYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PHENOLIC COMPONENTS; MAIZE BRAN; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB The association of ferulic acid, an alkali-extractable phenolic acid in amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthaceae) insoluble fiber (trans-ferulic acid: 620 mu g (center dot) g(-1), cis-ferulic acid: 203 pg center dot g(-1)), and non-starch polysaccharides was investigated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble amaranth fiber released several feruloylated oligosaccharides that were separated using Sephadex LH-20-chromatography and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Three compounds were unambiguously identified: O-(6-O-trans-feruloyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1 -> 4)-D-galactopyranose, O-(2-O-trans-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl)-(1 -> 5)-L-arabinofuranose, and O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 -> 3) 3)-O-(2-O-trans-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl)-(1 -> 5)-L-arabinofuranose. These feruloylated oligosaccharides show that ferulic acid is predominantly bound to pectic arabinans and galactans in amaranth insoluble fiber. 5-O-trans-Feruloyl-L-arabinofuranose was the only compound isolated in pure form from an acid hydrolyzate. This compound may have its origin from pectic arabinans but also from arabinoxylans. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM mirko.bunzel@uni-hamburg.de NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1613-4125 EI 1613-4133 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 6 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200500030 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 938UY UT WOS:000230030100005 PM 15864784 ER PT J AU Copren, KA Nelson, LJ Vargo, EL Haverty, MI AF Copren, KA Nelson, LJ Vargo, EL Haverty, MI TI Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences corroborate taxonomic designations based on cuticular hydrocarbons in subterranean termites SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE western subterranean termite; cryptic species; cuticular hydrocarbons; COII; phylogenetics; Reticulitermes ID RETICULITERMES SPP. ISOPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; GENUS RETICULITERMES; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; RHINOTERMITIDAE; PHENOTYPES AB Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are valuable characters for the analysis of cryptic insect species with few discernible morphological characters. Yet, their use in insect systematics, specifically in subterranean termites in the genus Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), remains controversial. In this paper, we show that taxonomic designations in Reticulitermes from California (USA) suggested in light of differences among CHC phenotypes are corroborated by phylogenetic analyses using mtDNA sequences. Analyses based on CHC phenotypes and supported, in part, by behavioral and ecological differences have suggested the presence of more species than the two currently recognized: R. hesperus Banks and R. tibialis Banks. We analyze a 680 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase (COII) gene from 45 new (21 collection localities) and two previously recorded samples of Reticulitermes from California using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Both methods result in trees with highly similar topologies. Bootstrapping indicates support for six clades of Reticulitermes, and corroborates groupings based on cuticular hydrocarbons. One of the clades, R. hesperus, is already recognized in California, while four clades appear to be previously undescribed taxa. Although identification of the final clade is inconclusive, it includes a sample putatively identified as R. tibialis. Therefore, using phylogenetic analyses we corroborate chemical characters used to identify taxa, associate a chemical phenotype with a previously described species, and provide additional support for undescribed taxa of Reticulitermes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Copren, KA (reprint author), Fac Sci & Tech, CNRS, UMR 6035, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, Parc Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France. EM kcopren@hotmail.com RI Vargo, Edward/D-1097-2010 OI Vargo, Edward/0000-0002-8712-1248 NR 52 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 929SM UT WOS:000229366200015 PM 15878136 ER PT J AU Chern, M Fitzgerald, HA Canlas, PE Navarre, DA Ronald, PC AF Chern, M Fitzgerald, HA Canlas, PE Navarre, DA Ronald, PC TI Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; LESION MIMIC MUTANTS; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CROSS-TALK AB Arabidopsis NPR1/N1M1 is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers lasting broad-spectrum resistance. Previous reports indicate that rice has a disease-resistance pathway similar to the Arabidopsis SAR pathway. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a rice NPR1 homologue (NH1). Transgenic rice plants overexpressing NH1 (NH1ox) acquire high levels of resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The resistance phenotype is heritable and correlates with the presence of the transgene and reduced bacterial growth. Northern analysis shows that NH1ox rice spontaneously activates defense genes, contrasting with NPR1-overexpressing Arabidopsis, where defense genes are not activated until induction. Wildtype NH1, but not a point mutant corresponding to npr1-1, interacts strongly with the rice transcription factor rTGA2.2 in yeast two-hybrid. Greenhouse-grown NH1ox plants develop lesion-mimic spots on leaves at preflowering stage although no other developmental effects are observed. However, when grown in growth chambers (GCs) under low light, NH1ox plants are dwarfed, indicating elevated sensitivity to light. The GC-grown NH1ox plants show much higher salicylic acid (SA) levels than the wild type, whereas greenhouse-grown NH1ox plants contain lower SA. These results indicate that NH1 may be involved in the regulation of SA in response to environmental changes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Ronald, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM peronald@ucdavis.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55962] NR 44 TC 193 Z9 229 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18.0511 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 928YD UT WOS:000229307100001 PM 15986920 ER PT J AU McDonald, T Brown, D Keller, NP Hammond, TM AF McDonald, T Brown, D Keller, NP Hammond, TM TI RNA silencing of mycotoxin production in Aspergillus and Fusarium species SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; REGULATORY GENE; NIDULANS; INTERFERENCE; WHEAT; EXPRESSION; ENCODES; AFLR AB Mycotoxins are natural fungal products that are defined by their harmful effects on humans and animals. Aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus species and trichothecene contamination of small grains by Fusarium species are, two of the most severe mycotoxin problems in the United States. We are investigating RNA silencing in an effort to identify novel ways to control mycotoxin contamination of crops. Transformation of two Aspergilli (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) and a Fusarium (F graminearum) with inverted repeat transgenes (IRT) containing sequences of mycotoxin-specific regulatory genes suppressed mycotoxin production in all three plant-pathogenic fungi. This atoxigenic phenotype was stable during infection on corn and wheat, and importantly, E graminearum IRT strains were less virulent on wheat than were wild type. The IRT did not alter physiological characteristics of the fungi, such as spore production and growth rate on solid media. These results indicate that RNA silencing exists in Aspergillus and Fusarium plant pathogens and suggest that RNA silencing technology may be a useful tool for eliminating mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Keller, NP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM npk@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 36 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0539 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 928YD UT WOS:000229307100004 PM 15986923 ER PT J AU Lambert, KN Bekal, S Domier, LL Niblack, TL Noel, GR Smyth, CA AF Lambert, KN Bekal, S Domier, LL Niblack, TL Noel, GR Smyth, CA TI Selection of Heterodera glycines chorismate mutase-1 alleles on nematode-resistant soybean SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE parasitism gene; resistance; shikimate pathway ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; ESOPHAGEAL GLAND-CELLS; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CYST-NEMATODE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; CHORISMATE MUTASE; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; RT-PCR AB The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines is the most destructive pathogen of soybean in the Unites States. Diversity in the parasitic ability of the nematode allows it to reproduce on nematode-resistant soybean. H. glycines chorismate mutase-1 (Hg-CM-1) is a nematode enzyme with the potential to suppress host plant defense compounds; therefore, it has the potential to enhance the parasitic ability of nematodes expressing the gene. Hg-cm-1 is a member of a gene family where two alleles, Hg-cm-1A and Hg-cm-1B, have been identified. Analysis of the Hg-cm-1 gene copy number revealed that there are multiple copies of Hg-cm-1 alleles in the H. glycines genome. H. glycines inbred lines were crossed to ultimately generate three F2 populations of second-stage juveniles (J2s) segregating for Hg-em-1A and Hg-cm-1B. Segregation of Hg-cm-1A and 1B approximated a 1:2:1 ratio, which suggested that Hg-cm-1 is organized in a cluster of genes that segregate roughly as a single locus. The F-2 H. glycines J2 populations were used to infect nematode-resistant (Hartwig, P188788, and P190763) and susceptible (Lee 74) soybean plants. H. glycines grown on Hartwig, Lee 74, and P190763 showed allelic frequencies similar to Hg-cm-1A/B, but nematodes grown on P188788 contained predominately Hg-cm-1A allele as a result of a statistically significant drop of Hg-cm-1B in the population. This result suggests that specific Hg-cm-1 alleles, or a closely linked gene, may aid H. glycines in adapting to particular soybean hosts. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lambert, KN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM klambert@uiuc.edu NR 49 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-0593 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 928YD UT WOS:000229307100010 PM 15986929 ER PT J AU Javed, T Bunte, RM Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Richard, JL Bennett, GA Cote, LM Buck, WB AF Javed, T Bunte, RM Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Richard, JL Bennett, GA Cote, LM Buck, WB TI Comparative pathologic changes in broiler chicks on feed amended with Fusarium proliferatum culture material or purified fumonisin B-1 and moniliformin SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE chicks; fumonisin; Fusarium proliferatum; moniliformin; mycotoxin; pathology ID TURKEY POULTS; TOXICITY; CORN; MYCOTOXINS; DUCKLINGS; SWINE; RATS; HEPATOTOXICITY; ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGE AB Feed amended with autoclaved culture material (CM) of Fusarium proliferatum containing fumonisin B-1 (FB1) (61-546 ppm), fumonisin B-2 (FB2) (14-98 ppm) and moniliformin (66-367 ppm) was given to 228 male chicks in three separate feeding trials. In a fourth feeding trial, purified FB1 (125 and 274 ppm) and moniliformin (27 and 154 ppm) were given separately and in combination (137 and 77 ppm, respectively). Chicks that died during the trial periods, survivors and controls were subjected to postmortem examination. Specimens (liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, brain, intestine, testis, bursa of Fabricius, heart and skeletal muscle) were examined grossly and preserved for subsequent histopathologic and ultrastructural examination. Prominent gross lesions in affected birds fed diets amended with CM or purified FB1 and moniliformin included ascites, hydropericardium, hepatopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, pneumonitis, gizzard ulceration, and enlarged bursa of Fabricius filled with caseous material. The various concentrations of FB1 and moniliformin in the amended rations produced well-defined dose-response lesions in all groups in all four trials. Histopathologic changes included hemorrhage, leucocytic infiltration, fatty change or infiltration, individual cell necrosis and fibrosis in liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, intestines, gizzard, bursa of Fabricius and pancreas. Edema and hemorrhage were prominent in brains of treated birds. Ultrastructural changes included cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement of cells in affected liver, lungs, kidneys, heart and pancreas. There were thickened membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum with loss of ribosomes and vacuolated or deformed mitochondria. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Romer Labs Inc, Union, MO 63084 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dombrink@ncaur.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 159 IS 4 BP 553 EP 564 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-4518-9 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 940JW UT WOS:000230141800010 PM 15983742 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ TI Divergent regulation of aflatoxin production at acidic pH by two Aspergillus strains SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin biosynthesis; AflR; Aspergillus flavus; pH regulation; sclerotial morphotype ID FLAVUS STRAINS; INITIAL PH; BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS AB Production of a. atoxins (AF) by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus is known to occur only at acidic pH. Although typical A.. avus isolates produced more AF as the external pH became increasingly acidic, an atypical strain from West Africa produced less. The lower AF production was not well correlated with decreases in expression of the aflatoxin pathway regulatory gene, aflR, or of two other biosynthesis genes. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 159 IS 4 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-1150-7 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 940JW UT WOS:000230141800013 PM 15983745 ER PT J AU Mohammad, MJ Pan, WL Kennedy, AC AF Mohammad, MJ Pan, WL Kennedy, AC TI Chemical alteration of the rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal-colonized wheat root SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE wheat; mycorrhiza; rhizosphere pH and Eh; exchange resins; bioavailability index ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; ERODED TOPOSEQUENCE; WHITE CLOVER; SOIL TESTS; FUNGI; PH; NUTRIENT; HYPHAE; PLANTS AB Plexiglass pot growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical alterations in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal wheat roots after inoculation with Glomus intraradices [arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)]. Exchange resins were used as sinks for nutrients to determine whether the inoculated plant can increase the solubility and the uptake of P and micronutrients. Treatments included: (1) soil (bulk soil); (2) AMF inoculation no P addition (I-P); (3) no inoculation with no P addition (NI-P); (4) AMF inoculation with addition of 50 mg P (kg soil)(-1) (I+P), and (5) no inoculation with addition of 50 mg P (kg soil)(-1) (NI+P). The AMF inoculum was added at a rate of four spores of G. intraradices (g soil)(-1). The exchange resin membranes were inserted vertically 5 cm apart in the middle of Plexiglass pots. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Len) was planted in each Plexiglass pot and grown for 2 weeks in a growth chamber where water was maintained at field capacity. Rhizosphere pH and redox potential (Eh), nutrient bioavailability indices and mycorrhizal colonization were determined. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the colonization more when P was not added, but did not increase the shoot dry weight at either P level. The rhizosphere pH was lower in the inoculated plants compared to the noninoculated plants in the absence of added P, while the Eh did not change. The decrease in pH in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants could be responsible for the increased P and Zn uptake observed with inoculation. In contrast, Mn uptake was decreased by inoculation. The resin-adsorbed P was increased by inoculation, which, along with the bioavailability index data, may indicate that mycorrhizal roots were able to increase the solubility of soil P. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, Irbid, Jordan. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mohammad, MJ (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. EM mrusan@just.edu.jo NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00572-004-0327-0 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 933KH UT WOS:000229626800003 PM 15503187 ER PT J AU Cassida, KA Kirkpatrick, TL Robbins, RT Muir, JP Venuto, BC Hussey, MA AF Cassida, KA Kirkpatrick, TL Robbins, RT Muir, JP Venuto, BC Hussey, MA TI Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for biofuel in the South Central United States SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE biofuel; Criconemella ornata; dagger nematodes; Helicotylenchus dihystera; H. digonicus; Hoplolaimus magnistylus; lesion nematodes; Meloidogyne; Panicum virgatum L.; Paratrichodorus minor; Paratylenchus; pin nematodes; Pratylenchus; ring nematodes; root-knot nematodes; Tylenchorhynchus ewingi; T. capitatus; spiral nematodes; stubby-root nematodes; stunt nematodes; switchgrass; Xiphinema americanum ID SOIL; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; WHEATGRASS; GRASS AB Switcbgrass (Panicum virgalum L.) has attracted recent attention as a potential biofuel crop, but stand establishment can be difficult. Plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as other soil borne pathogens, may contribute to this problem in the South Central United States. In a survey of five-year-old switchgrass variety trials, plant-parasitic nematodes were identified from samples collected after fall biomass harvest. Plot locations included Clinton, LA, Hope, AR, College Station, TX, and Stephenville, TX. Twice as many nematode species were identified at Hope and Clinton as at College Station or Stephenville. Xiphinema americanum and Tylenchorhynchus spp. (T capitatus and T ewingi) were found at all locations. Paratrichodorus minorand Criconemella ornata were found in three of four sites. Hoplolaimus magnistylus, Pratylenchus zeae, Helicotylenchus spp. (H. dihystera and H. digonicus), Meloidogyne spp., and Paratylenchus spp. were identified from some sites. Upland morphological types of switchgrass supported greater densities of Helicotylenchus spp. than lowland types at Clinton and greater densities of Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, and Tylenchorhynchus spp. at Hope. Lowland types appeared to be better hosts for Tylenchorhynchus spp. at Stephenville and for P. minor at Hope. Differences in nematode population density among switchgrass genotypes were found for several nematode species, and in some cases, the nematodes were correlated with decreased stand persistence or dry matter yield. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Univ Arkansas, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA, ARS, GRL, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cassida, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 004OG UT WOS:000234761500001 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G Fisher, D AF Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G Fisher, D TI Oxidative stress and inflammation in brain aging: Nutritional considerations SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE aging; behavior; inflammation; nutrition; oxidative stress ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; CEREBELLAR NORADRENERGIC FUNCTION; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; UP-REGULATION; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Aging can be defined as the condition where stressors are not counteracted by protective functions, leading to a dysregulation in development. These changes can be translated into decrements in neuronal functioning accompanied by behavioral declines, such as decreases in motor and cognitive performance, in both humans and animals. When coupled with genetic alterations, the ultimate expression of these changes is seen in diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). This association will be discussed in the last section of this chapter. In this review we will describe motor and cognitive deficits in behavior due to aging, and show how these deficits are related to increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, inflammation or signaling. Importantly, using muscarinic receptors as examples, we will also try to show that the sensitivity to these insults may be differentially expressed among neurotransmitter receptor subtypes. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 117 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6-7 BP 927 EP 935 DI 10.1007/s11064-005-6967-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 968LG UT WOS:000232163400023 PM 16187227 ER PT J AU Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Crafts-Brandner, SJ TI Fructans and freezing tolerance SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE apoplast; freezing tolerance; fructan; 6-ketose exohydrolase; solute transport; vacuole ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; INVERTASE; PLANTS C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Crafts-Brandner, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM scraftsbrandner@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 166 IS 3 BP 708 EP 709 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01421.x PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 921FX UT WOS:000228750700002 PM 15869633 ER PT J AU Cline, ET Ammirati, JF Edmonds, RL AF Cline, ET Ammirati, JF Edmonds, RL TI Does proximity to mature trees influence ectomycorrhizal fungus communities of Douglas-fir seedlings? SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizal fungi communities; green-tree retention; ITS-RFLP analysis; Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir); rRNA genes; species diversity ID WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEDLINGS; EASTERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; PINE PINUS MURICATA; OLD-GROWTH STANDS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; RHIZOPOGON-VINICOLOR; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PICEA-ENGELMANNII; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIFFERENT SIZES AB The influence of mature trees on colonization of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) is not well understood. Here, the EMF communities of seedlings planted near and far from trees are compared with each other, with EMF of seedlings potted in field soils and with EMF of mature trees. Seedlings were planted within 6 m, or beyond 16 m, from residual Douglas-fir trees in recently harvested green-tree retention units in Washington State, USA, or potted in soils gathered from near each residual tree. Mature tree roots were sampled by partly excavating the root system. The EMF communities were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near trees had higher species richness and diversity of EMF communities compared with seedlings far from trees. The EMF communities of seedlings near trees were more similar to those of mature trees, while seedlings far from trees were more similar to glasshouse seedlings. By enhancing the EMF diversity of seedlings, residual trees may maintain or accelerate the re-establishment of mycorrhizal communities associated with mature forests. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cline, ET (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Room 304,BLD 011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ecomycorr@netscape.net NR 68 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 166 IS 3 BP 993 EP 1009 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01387.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 921FX UT WOS:000228750700027 PM 15869658 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LS Sendak, PE Brissette, JC AF Kenefic, LS Sendak, PE Brissette, JC TI Comparison of fixed diameter-limit and selection cutting in northern conifers SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE diameter-limit cutting; high grading; selection cutting; uneven-aged silviculture; northern conifers ID ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; STANDS; 2ND-GROWTH; HARDWOODS AB Diameter-limit cutting is a common type of harvest in which all merchantable trees above specific size thresholds are removed. Despite a long history of application, controlled experiments of these harvests are rare and the cumulative effects of repeated diameter-limit cuts are largely unknown. The Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine is the location of a long-term USDA Forest Service experiment in which both fixed diameter-limit and selection cutting have been applied at 20-year intervals since the early 1950s. After three entries, present value of gross harvest revenue was greater in the fixed diameter-limit than selection treatments. However, sawtimber volume and growth, total and merchantable volume, regeneration stem density, and inventory value all were lower in the fixed diameter-limit than selection stands. Accumulated value (harvest plus residual) and species composition did not differ between treatments. Within-treatment analysis revealed desirable directional changes in cull percentage and species composition in the selection but not diameter-limit cut stands, suggesting trends that may result in greater future treatment disparity. These data confirm the degrading effects of fixed diameter-limit relative to selection cutting, and reveal that greater short-term value removals are offset by lower residual stand volume and value. C1 NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), NE Res Stn, 686 Govt Rd, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. EM lkenefic@fs.fed.us RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933DN UT WOS:000229604600001 ER PT J AU Desmarais, KM Leak, WB AF Desmarais, KM Leak, WB TI Ten-year performance of eastern white pine under a crop tree release regime on an outwash site SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE early thinning; rate of return; crop tree release; optimal stocking AB A young stand of eastern white pine aged 38-40 years received a crop tree release cutting reducing stocking to 100 trees/ac. This stocking level reflects the number of stems per acre that would be contained in a well-stocked mature stand at final harvest (20-in. quadratic mean stand diameter). The stand then was monitored for growth and value change. Stems that grew from poletimber to sawtimber size had the greatest rates of annual value change. They also showed the greatest return per square-foot of crown area used. Careful early thinning that removes sawtimber and releases good-quality poletimber capable of vigorous growth can substantially increase stand earnings if markets are available. C1 Fox Res Forest, Div Forests & Lands, Hillsboro, NH 03244 USA. NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Desmarais, KM (reprint author), Fox Res Forest, Div Forests & Lands, POB 1175, Hillsboro, NH 03244 USA. EM kdesmarais@dred.state.nh.us NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 933DN UT WOS:000229604600009 ER PT J AU Berndt, SI Carter, HB Landis, PK Hallfrisch, J Rohrmann, S Metter, EJ Platz, EA AF Berndt, SI Carter, HB Landis, PK Hallfrisch, J Rohrmann, S Metter, EJ Platz, EA TI Prediagnostic plasma vitamin C levels and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; vitamin C; plasma; prostate cancer; cohort study ID BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; CARCINOMA; BLOOD; CELLS; DIET AB Objective: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C, are hypothesized to prevent prostate carcinogenesis by protecting the DNA from oxidative damage. We assessed whether higher prediagnostic plasma concentrations of vitamin C were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in a well-nourished cohort of men. Methods: Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid (vitamin Q were previously determined in blood specimens collected between 1984 and 1990 in men participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Total plasma ascorbic acid (L-ascorbic acid plus dehydro-L-ascorbic acid) levels were measured by using a modification of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Among the 498 male participants with measured plasma vitamin C levels, 62 men were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for prostate cancer. Results: The median plasma concentration of vitamin C for the cohort was 1.17 mg/dL, which is in the normal to high range for older men. The age-adjusted relative risk of prostate cancer for the highest quartile (median = 1.47 mg/dL, range = 1.36-2.58) compared with the lowest quartile (median = 0.83 mg/dL, range = 0.15-0.98) of plasma vitamin C concentration was 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 2.70, P for trend = 0.29). Adjustment for cigarette smoking status, body mass index, or plasma cholesterol concentration did not attenuate the results. Conclusions: This small but prospective study suggests that higher plasma vitamin C concentrations within the normal physiologic range are not associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in well-nourished men. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIA, Lab Clin Invest, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Platz, EA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. EM eplatz@jhsph.edu RI Rohrmann, Sabine/D-2113-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-58236, 5 T32-CA09312] NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.11.012 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 932DL UT WOS:000229534300007 PM 15925292 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Selenium accumulation in plant foods SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HPLC-ICP-MS; CANCER PREVENTION; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SODIUM SELENATE; DEFICIENT RATS; CHEMICAL FORM; BRAZIL NUTS; MUSHROOMS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient, and Se deficiency is associated with disease conditions and general impairment of the immune system. Supplementation of Se to humans already consuming the RDA may help to prevent certain cancers. A convincing argument can be made for augmenting the food supply with Se, and Se-enhanced plants may be the best means of accomplishing this. Plants accumulate varying amounts of Se in different chemical forms; some plants accumulate Se in direct relationship to the amount available from the soil, whereas others (Seaccumulators) may accumulate Se in concentrations many orders of magnitude above that in the soil. There are many different chemical forms of Se in plants, and the form partially dictates the metabolism of Se by the animal that consumes the plant. The Se content and the chemical form of Se within plants may be altered by manipulation of plant genetics or by agricultural production conditions. However, attempts to maximize Se in plants may have unintended consequences and must be carefully monitored. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jfinley@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 6 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1301/nr.2005.jun.196-202 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 938FG UT WOS:000229984700002 PM 16028563 ER PT J AU Monteiro-Vitorello, CB De Oliveira, MC Zerillo, MM Varani, AM Civerolo, E Van Sluys, MA AF Monteiro-Vitorello, CB De Oliveira, MC Zerillo, MM Varani, AM Civerolo, E Van Sluys, MA TI Xylella and Xanthomonas Mobil'omics SO OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; GENOME SEQUENCE; INSERTION SEQUENCES; PHAGE EVOLUTION; PIERCES-DISEASE; FASTIDIOSA; STRAINS; REVEALS; PLASMID AB The gamma-proteobacterium Xanthomonadales groups two closely related genera of plant pathogens, Xanthomonas and Xylella. Whole genome sequencing and comparative analyses disclosed a high degree of identity and co-linearity of the chromosome backbone between species and strains. Differences observed are usually clustered into genomic islands, most of which are delimited by genetic mobile elements. Focus is given in this paper to describe which groups of mobile elements are found and what is the relative contribution of these elements to Xanthomonas and Xylella genomes. Insertion sequence (IS) elements have invaded the Xanthomonas genome several times, whereas Xylella is rich in phage-related regions. Also, different plasmids are found inhabiting the bacterial cells studied here. Altogether, these results suggest that the integrative elements such as phages and transposable elements as well as the episomal plasmids are important drivers of the genome evolution of this important group of plant pathogens. C1 Labinfo LNCC, Petropolis, RJ, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agricultura Luiz Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. RP Van Sluys, MA (reprint author), IBUSP, Dept Bot, Rua Matao 277, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mavsluys@usp.br RI IB/USP, Botanica/Q-7627-2016; Oliveira, Mariana /G-2512-2012; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/A-8483-2012; de Mello Varani, Alessandro/F-6887-2011; zerillo, marcelo/M-4159-2016; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia/F-2436-2012 OI IB/USP, Botanica/0000-0002-4192-3747; Oliveira, Mariana /0000-0001-8495-2962; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-6506-2734; de Mello Varani, Alessandro/0000-0002-8876-3269; zerillo, marcelo/0000-0001-9671-2894; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia/0000-0002-1238-9354 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2310 J9 OMICS JI OMICS PD SUM PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.1089/omi.2005.9.146 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 942TW UT WOS:000230306800004 PM 15969647 ER PT J AU Anbumozhi, V Radhakrishnan, J AF Anbumozhi, V Radhakrishnan, J TI Effects of agricultural free trade on environmental quality - Exploring the linkages and research perspectives SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; environment; farming; trade; WTO AB The World Trade Organization (WTO) initiated the globalization of world trade, and increasing concerns for the quality of the environment have resulted in discussions about agricultural policy involving many different perspectives. There are several issues linking trade liberalization, agriculture and the environment, one implicitly assuming that the more efficient allocation of resources and high income are associated with the improvement of agro-environmental quality. Another view is that agricultural trade policies influence crop-production patterns, farming practices and input use. The net effect is that each approach cancels out some of the influence of the other. Two examples from Mexico and Bangladesh point out that agro-environmental responses to free trade are non-linear and that it is not easy to draw a simple causal relationship between free trade and the agro-environment. A basic challenge before the research community is to confront reductionist approaches, as traditional research into trade-agriculture-environment interactions reveals difficulty in dealing with the knowledge gaps. A transdisciplinary, systems approach provides one possibility for dealing with the needs of free trade in agriculture. C1 Global Environm Strategies, Kobe, Hyogo 6510073, Japan. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anbumozhi, V (reprint author), Global Environm Strategies, Kobe, Hyogo 6510073, Japan. EM anbu@iges.or.jp NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU I P PUBLISHING LTD PI LONDON PA COLERIDGE HOUSE, 4-5 COLERIDGE GARDENS, LONDON NW6 3QH, ENGLAND SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 941FN UT WOS:000230200800005 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Akey, DH AF Naranjo, SE Akey, DH TI Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: comparative selectivity of acetamiprid in the management of Bemisia tabaci SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; arthropod predators; aphelinid parasitoids; insect growth regulators; integrated control; principal response curves ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HEMIPTERA; SAMPLING PLANS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; POPULATION-DENSITY; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDES; COCCINELLIDAE AB The integrated control concept emphasizes the importance of both chemical and biological control for pest suppression in agricultural systems. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the selectivity of acetamiprid for the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton compared with a proven selective regime based on the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin. Acetamiprid was highly effective in controlling all stages of B tabaci compared with an untreated control, and generally produced lower pest densities than the IGR regime. Univariate analyses indicated that nine of 17 taxa of arthropod predators were significantly depressed with the use of acetamiprid compared with an untreated control, including common species such as Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius tristicolor (White), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens sensu lato, Collops vittatus (Say), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and Drapetis nr divergens. Compared with results from independent, concurrent studies using mixtures of broad-spectrum insecticides at the same research site, acetamiprid depressed populations of fewer predator taxa; but, for eight predator taxa significantly affected by both regimes, the average population reduction was roughly equal. In contrast, only four taxa were significantly reduced in the IGR regime compared with the untreated control and three of these were omnivores that function primarily as plant pests. Principal response curves analyses (a time-dependent, multivariate ordination method) confirmed these patterns of population change for the entire predator community. Predator:prey ratios generally increased with the use of both IGRs and acetamiprid compared with an untreated control, but ratios were consistently higher with IGRs. Parasitism by aphelinid parasitoids was unaffected or depressed slightly in all insecticide regimes compared with the control. Because of its high efficacy, acetamiprid may play an important role in later stages of B tabaci control where less emphasis is placed on selectivity. However, our results suggest that acetamiprid would be a poor substitute for the currently used IGRs in the initial stage of control where insecticide selectivity is crucial to a functional integrated control program for B tabaci in cotton. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 6 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1002/ps.1030 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 929YL UT WOS:000229382500005 PM 15712368 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Kimball, BA Hurley, J Johnston, JJ Blom, S Savarie, PJ AF Primus, TM Kimball, BA Hurley, J Johnston, JJ Blom, S Savarie, PJ TI Stability of the tranquilizer drug propionylpromazine hydrochloride in formulated products SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE propionylpromazine hydrochloride; degradates; liquid chromatography; HPLC/mass spectrometry ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARAZOLOL; RESIDUES; PIG AB An analytical method to evaluate propionylpromazine hydrochloride (PPZHC1) in tranquilizer formulations was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During analysis of aged quality-control samples, a previously unreported chromatographic response was observed at a shorter retention time than PPZHC1. Further investigation of formulations stored in trap tap devices at temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 degrees C during field trials at four different locations confirmed the degradation of the active ingredient. Further investigation using HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry revealed two to five degradates, with the major degradates being oxidation products of the active ingredient, PPZHC1. As PPZHC1 formulations must be stable when stored at 5 to 40 degrees C for 6 to 12 months, reformulation with the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid was utilized to achieve the required PPZHC1 stability. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM thomas.m.primus@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1002/ps.1018 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 929YL UT WOS:000229382500012 PM 15668921 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Michel, A Prause, A Scheffler, BE Pace, P Duke, SO AF Kagan, IA Michel, A Prause, A Scheffler, BE Pace, P Duke, SO TI Gene transcription profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after treatment with plant protection fungicides that inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ergosterol; methionine; microarray; biosynthesis; agriculture; fungicide ID AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; YEAST STEROL MUTANTS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; METHIONINE BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; FLUCONAZOLE RESISTANCE; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AB Resistance to agricultural fungicides in the field has created a need for discovering fungicides with new modes of action. DNA microarrays, because they provide information on expression of many genes simultaneously, could help to identify the modes of action. To begin an expression pattern database for agricultural fungicides, transcriptional patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C genes were analyzed following 2-h treatments with 150 concentrations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors commonly used against plant pathogenic fungi. Eight fungicides, representing three classes of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, were tested. To compare gene expression in response to a fungicide with a completely different mode of action, a putative methionine biosynthesis inhibitor (MBI) was also tested. Expression patterns of ergosterol biosynthetic genes supported the roles of Class I and Class II inhibitors in affecting ergosterol biosynthesis, confirmed that the putative MBI did not affect ergosterol biosynthesis, and strongly suggested that in yeast, the Class III inhibitor did not affect ergosterol biosynthesis. The MBI affected transcription of three genes involved in methionine metabolism, whereas there were essentially no effects of ergosterol synthesis inhibitors on methionine metabolism genes. There were no consistent patterns in other up- or downregulated genes between fungicides. These results suggest that inspection of gene response patterns within a given pathway may serve as a useful first step in identifying possible modes of action of fungicides. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPURU, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 82 IS 2 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.02.002 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 931QF UT WOS:000229499300004 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Koti, S Gao, W AF Zhao, D Reddy, KR Kakani, VG Koti, S Gao, W TI Physiological causes of cotton fruit abscission under conditions of high temperature and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYPERSPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; GROWTH; CO2; LEAF; CARBOHYDRATE; RESPONSES; STRESS; POLLEN AB An experiment was conducted in sunlit controlled environment growth chambers to determine the physiological mechanisms of fruit abscission of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. NuCOTN 33B) grown in high temperature and enhanced ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation. Six treatments included two levels of optimum (30/22 degrees C) and high (36/28 degrees C) day/night temperatures and three levels of biologically effective UV-B radiation (0, 7, and 14 kJ m(-2) per day). Both the temperature and UV-B treatments were imposed from seedling emergence through 79 days after emergence (DAE). High temperature did not negatively affect either leaf net photosynthetic rates (Pn) or abscission of cotton squares (floral buds with bracts) but significantly decreased boll retention. Plants exposed to 7 kJ UV-B radiation retained 56% less bolls than the 0 kJ UV-B control plants at 79 DAE, despite no significant differences in leaf Pn measured at squaring and flowering. At 53 DAE, leaf Pn of plants grown in high UV-B radiation (14 kJ m(-2) per day) decreased by 11%, whereas total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in the leaves, floral buds, and young bolls decreased by 34, 32, and 20%, respectively, compared with the control plants. The high UV-B radiation significantly increased square abscission. Square abscission was not related to leaf TNC concentration but closely correlated with TNC in floral buds (r = -0.68, P < 0.001). Young boll abscission was highly correlated with TNC concentrations in both the leaves (r = -0.40, P < 0.01) and the bolls (r = -0.80, P < 0.001). Our results indicate that non-structural carbohydrate limitation in reproductive parts was a major factor associated with fruit abscission of cotton grown under high temperature and enhanced UV-B radiation conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zhao, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM dzhao@grl.ars.usda.gov RI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/J-4214-2013; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kakani, Vijaya Gopal/0000-0002-7925-4809; Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 124 IS 2 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00491.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 929TD UT WOS:000229368300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Huang, DW Zhao, TH Liu, HP Bauer, LS AF Zhang, YZ Huang, DW Zhao, TH Liu, HP Bauer, LS TI Two new species of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) of wood-boring beetle pests from China SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae; Oobius agrili sp.n.; Avetianella xystrocerae sp.n.; egg parasitoid; Agrilus planipennis; Xystrocera globosa; China ID CHALCIDOIDEA; COLEOPTERA; CERAMBYCIDAE; AUSTRALIA; BORER AB Oobius agrili sp.n. and Avetianella xystrocerae sp.n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are described from China. Morphological characters of the new species are illustrated. O. agrili is an egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and A. xystrocerae is an egg parasitoid of the wood borer Xystrocera globosa (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The two new species are potential biocontrol agents of economically important pest insects. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS). C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Shandong Agr Univ, Plant Protect Coll, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Huang, DW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM huangdw@panda.ioz.ac.cn NR 30 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1007/BF02979863 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 930GT UT WOS:000229404600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, SA Schisler, DA Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ AF Zhang, SA Schisler, DA Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ TI Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and carbon loading of production media influence freeze-drying survival and biocontrol efficacy of Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE/; YEAST; VIABILITY; GROWTH; CONIDIATION; PROTECTANTS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 is an effective biocontrol agent for this disease. Development of a dried product of OH 182.9 would have potential advantages of ease of handling, favorable economics, and acceptance by end users. Isolate OH 182.9 was grown for 48 and 72 h in semi-defined complete liquid (SDCL) medium with carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 6.5:1, 9:1, 11:1, 15:1, and 30: 1, and in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with varied carbon loadings of 7, 14, 21, and 28 g/liter. Total biomass production and cell survival at 15 days after freeze-drying were evaluated. Biomass production of OH 182.9 (CFU per milliliter) was not different for all cultivation time by medium C/N or carbon loading combinations. In general, cells harvested at 48 h survived freeze-drying better than those harvested at 72 h. Survival of freeze-dried cells was greatest for cells grown for 48 h in 30:1 medium. Cells produced in C/N 6.5:1 medium generally exhibited the poorest survival. For the C/N 30:1 media, cells from 7 g/liter carbon loading medium harvested after 48 h had the best survival after freeze-drying. The difference in freeze-dried cell populations between superior and inferior treatments was typically 1 to 2 log units at 15 days after freeze-drying. The biomass of OH 182.9 produced in SDCL with varied C/N ratios and in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with differing carbon loadings was tested for biocontrol efficacy against FHB in greenhouse studies. The biomass harvested from SDCL C/N 9: 1, 11: 1, and 15:1 media after 48 h significantly reduced symptoms of FHB. None of the treatments with cells harvested at 72 h consistently reduced FHB severity (P <= 0.05). Cells grown in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with 7 and 14 g/liter carbon loading significantly reduced FHB disease severity. Cells harvested from SDCL C/N 9:1, 11:1, and 30:1 with 14 g/liter carbon increased the 100-kernel weight compared with the disease control. The potential of improving OH 182.9 product quality via management of the nutritional environment of the production medium is demonstrated in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM schislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0626 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 930IM UT WOS:000229409200004 PM 18943778 ER PT J AU Chen, J Groves, R Civerolo, EL Viveros, A Freeman, A Zheng, Y AF Chen, J Groves, R Civerolo, EL Viveros, A Freeman, A Zheng, Y TI Two Xylella fastidiosa genotypes associated with almond leaf scorch disease on the same location in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PIERCES-DISEASE; STRAINS; SEQUENCES; PLANT; PHYTOPLASMAS; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; RDNA AB Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) has recently reemerged in the San Joaquin Valley of California threatening almond production. ALSD is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a nutritionally fastidious bacterium. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) of X. jbstidiosa strains were identified to characterize the bacterial population in infected trees. Genotype-specific SNPs were used to design primers for multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays of early passage cultures. Two genotypically distinct types of X. jbstidiosa strains, G-type and A-type, coexist simultaneously in the same infected almond orchard. This was substantiated by restriction fragment length polymorphisin analysis of a different genetic locus, RST31-RST33, which has previously been used to identify and differentiate X. fastidiosa strains. Furthermore, unique bacterial colony morphology was consistently associated with the A-type X. fastidiosa strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed genotype infection of X. fastidiosa disease on the same location under natural environmental conditions. The concept of mixed genotype infection could affect the current epidemiological study based on the assumption that one genotype causes ALSD on one location and, therefore, the disease management strategy. C1 USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA 93307 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. Your Way Consulting, Fresno, CA 93729 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jichen@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 708 EP 714 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0708 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 930IM UT WOS:000229409200014 PM 18943788 ER PT J AU Abbas, H AF Abbas, H. TI Aflatoxin and sclerotia production by Aspergillus isolates from the Mississippi Delta SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abbas, H.] USDA ARS, CG&PRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400004 ER PT J AU Abraitiene, A Zhao, Y Hammond, RW AF Abraitiene, A. Zhao, Y. Hammond, R. W. TI Variant plant response in the whole plant nuclear targeting assay SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abraitiene, A.; Zhao, Y.; Hammond, R. W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Abraitiene, A.] Lithuanian Forest Res Inst, Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Girionys, Lithuania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401421 ER PT J AU Abril, M Curry, K Wedge, D Smith, B AF Abril, M. Curry, K. Wedge, D. Smith, B. TI Sensitivity of selected plant pathogenic fungi to sampagine and its analogs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abril, M.; Curry, K.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Wedge, D.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Smith, B.] USDA ARS Small Fruit Res, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400006 ER PT J AU Ac, C Navarre, D Kachroo, A Kang, H Klessig, D Kachroo, P AF Ac, C. Navarre, D. Kachroo, A. Kang, H. Klessig, D. Kachroo, P. TI Host defense signaling against turnip crinkle virus in Arabidopsis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ac, C.; Kachroo, A.; Kachroo, P.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Navarre, D.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kang, H.; Klessig, D.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400007 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Hammond, J Maroon-Lango, C Harness, A Kulemeka, B Geister, R Bandla, M Spiegel, S Gera, A AF Adkins, S. Hammond, J. Maroon-Lango, C. Harness, A. Kulemeka, B. Geister, R. Bandla, M. Spiegel, S. Gera, A. TI Characterization of a carmovirus from Angelonia SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adkins, S.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Hammond, J.; Maroon-Lango, C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Harness, A.; Kulemeka, B.; Geister, R.; Bandla, M.] Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN 46514 USA. [Spiegel, S.; Gera, A.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400011 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Chellemi, D Annamalai, M Baker, C AF Adkins, S. Chellemi, D. Annamalai, M. Baker, C. TI Colombian datura virus diagnosed in Brugmansia spp. in Florida SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adkins, S.; Chellemi, D.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Annamalai, M.; Baker, C.] FDACS DPI, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400010 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Larson, TM Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE AF Alexander, N. J. McCormick, S. P. Larson, T. M. Proctor, R. H. Desjardins, A. E. TI Genetic control of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alexander, N. J.; McCormick, S. P.; Larson, T. M.; Proctor, R. H.; Desjardins, A. E.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401217 ER PT J AU Allen, T Boratynski, T Rush, C AF Allen, T. Boratynski, T. Rush, C. TI Distribution of Tilletia indica teliospores in a naturally infested Arizona durum wheat field SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Allen, T.; Rush, C.] Texas A&M Univ, Bushland, TX USA. [Boratynski, T.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400016 ER PT J AU Allen, T Peterson, G Rush, C AF Allen, T. Peterson, G. Rush, C. TI The influence of tillage on Tilletia indica teliospore dispersal from a concentrated point source SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Allen, T.; Rush, C.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Peterson, G.] USDA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S3 EP S4 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400017 ER PT J AU Allende-Molar, R Paulitz, T Weller, D AF Allende-Molar, R. Paulitz, T. Weller, D. TI Populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens in the rhizosphere of Pythium-infected wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Paulitz, T.; Weller, D.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400018 ER PT J AU Ambourn, A Juzwik, J Moon, RD AF Ambourn, A. Juzwik, J. Moon, R. D. TI Use of force of infection to determine relative importance of two sap beetles species in the overland transmission of Ceratocystis fagacearum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ambourn, A.; Moon, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.] USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S161 EP S161 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401443 ER PT J AU Ambourn, A Juzwik, J Eggers, J AF Ambourn, A. Juzwik, J. Eggers, J. TI Relative importance of the small oak bark beetle, in the overland transmission of Ceratocystis fagacearum in Minnesota SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ambourn, A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.; Eggers, J.] USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S161 EP S161 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401442 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Wiangjun, H AF Anderson, J. Wiangjun, H. TI Bdv3 resistance to Cereal yellow dwarf virus is a two-component system: Restriction of virus movement and aphid feeding SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401209 ER PT J AU Bacetty, A Snook, M Glenn, A Noe, J Bacon, C AF Bacetty, A. Snook, M. Glenn, A. Noe, J. Bacon, C. TI Correlation of endophyte-infected tall fescue root extract fractions with pathogenic nematode activity measured in an in vitro system SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bacetty, A.; Noe, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Snook, M.; Glenn, A.; Bacon, C.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400024 ER PT J AU Bacon, C Hinton, D Snook, M AF Bacon, C. Hinton, D. Snook, M. TI Tentative identification of Bacillus mojavensis antifungal inhibitor SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bacon, C.; Hinton, D.; Snook, M.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400025 ER PT J AU Badillo-Ponce, G Fernandez-Pavia, SP Grunwald, NJ Garay-Serrano, E Rodriguez-Alvarado, G Lozoya-Saldana, H AF Badillo-Ponce, G. Fernandez-Pavia, S. P. Gruenwald, N. J. Garay-Serrano, E. Rodriguez-Alvarado, G. Lozoya-Saldana, H. TI Characterization of Phytophthora ipomoeae in the central highlands of Mexico SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Badillo-Ponce, G.] ICAMEX, Metepec, Mexico. [Fernandez-Pavia, S. P.; Rodriguez-Alvarado, G.] Univ Michoacana, IIAF, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Gruenwald, N. J.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Garay-Serrano, E.] Colegio Postgrad, IFIT, Montecillo, Mexico. [Lozoya-Saldana, H.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Depto Fitotecnia, Chapingo, Mexico. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Garay-Serrano, Edith/B-2883-2017 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Garay-Serrano, Edith/0000-0001-5077-642X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S149 EP S149 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401369 ER PT J AU Bailey, B Bae, H Strem, M Samuels, G Evans, H Thomas, S Holmes, K AF Bailey, B. Bae, H. Strem, M. Samuels, G. Evans, H. Thomas, S. Holmes, K. TI Molecular responses resulting from the endophytic association between Trichoderma species and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bailey, B.; Bae, H.; Strem, M.] USDA ARS, SPCL, Beltsville, MD USA. [Samuels, G.] USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD USA. [Evans, H.; Thomas, S.; Holmes, K.] CABI Biosci, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400026 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Balci, S MacDonald, WL Gottschalk, KW Juzwik, J Eggers, J Long, RL AF Balci, Y. Balci, S. MacDonald, W. L. Gottschalk, K. W. Juzwik, J. Eggers, J. Long, R. L. TI Phytophthora species in central and eastern US oak ecosystems SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balci, Y.; Balci, S.; MacDonald, W. L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gottschalk, K. W.] USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Juzwik, J.; Eggers, J.] USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Long, R. L.] USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401422 ER PT J AU Balci, Y MacDonald, WL Gottschalk, KW AF Balci, Y. MacDonald, W. L. Gottschalk, K. W. TI New association of Phytophthora species in oak ecosystems in central Appalachian forests SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balci, Y.; MacDonald, W. L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gottschalk, K. W.] USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401400 ER PT J AU Baldauf, P Perry, K Gray, S AF Baldauf, P. Perry, K. Gray, S. TI Potato tuber infection efficiency is influenced by PVY strain and cultivar SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baldauf, P.; Perry, K.; Gray, S.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gray, S.] USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400030 ER PT J AU Bankhead, SB Son, M Thomashow, L Weller, D AF Bankhead, S. Blouin Son, M. Thomashow, L. Weller, D. TI Population dynamics of transgenic Pseudomonas fluorescens in the rhizosphere of field-grown wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomashow, L.; Weller, D.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400061 ER PT J AU Barnes, C Szabo, L Johnson, J Bowersox, V Krupa, S Gay, D Harlin, K AF Barnes, C. Szabo, L. Johnson, J. Bowersox, V. Krupa, S. Gay, D. Harlin, K. TI Detection of Puccinia graminis spores in rain using a real-time PCR assay SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barnes, C.; Johnson, J.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. [Szabo, L.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Krupa, S.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bowersox, V.; Harlin, K.] Illinois State Water Survey, NADP, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S6 EP S7 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400035 ER PT J AU Bau, H Chen, Y Kung, Y Yeh, S Hsu, H AF Bau, H. Chen, Y. Kung, Y. Yeh, S. Hsu, H. TI Occurrence and detection of phytoplasma infection in papaya in Taiwan SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bau, H.] Transworld Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Touliu 640, Yunlin, Taiwan. [Chen, Y.; Kung, Y.; Yeh, S.] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Hsu, H.] USDA ARS, FNPRU, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400040 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Warren, J AF Baumgartner, K. Warren, J. TI Role of Xylella fastidiosa populations in systemic riparian hosts and the spread of Pierce's disease to grapevines in Northern California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baumgartner, K.; Warren, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400043 ER PT J AU Bell, A Medrano, E Lopez, J Esquivel, J AF Bell, A. Medrano, E. Lopez, J. Esquivel, J. TI Identification and frequency of cottonseed-rotting bacteria isolated from stink bugs in Texas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bell, A.; Medrano, E.; Lopez, J.; Esquivel, J.] USDA ARS, SPARC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400045 ER PT J AU Belmar-Diaz, CR Grunwald, NJ Fernandez-Pavia, SP Garay-Serrano, E Romero-Montes, G Rodriguez-Alvarado, G Lozoya-Saldana, H AF Belmar-Diaz, C. R. Gruenwald, N. J. Fernandez-Pavia, S. P. Garay-Serrano, E. Romero-Montes, G. Rodriguez-Alvarado, G. Lozoya-Saldana, H. TI Survival of Phytophthora infestans sporangia exposed to solar radiation in the Toluca Valley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Belmar-Diaz, C. R.] PICTIPAPA, Metepec, Mexico. [Gruenwald, N. J.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Fernandez-Pavia, S. P.; Romero-Montes, G.; Rodriguez-Alvarado, G.] Univ Michoacana, IIAF, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Garay-Serrano, E.] Col Postgrad, IFIT, Montecillo, Mexico. [Lozoya-Saldana, H.] Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Depto Fitotecnia, Chapingo, Mexico. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Garay-Serrano, Edith/B-2883-2017 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Garay-Serrano, Edith/0000-0001-5077-642X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S149 EP S150 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401371 ER PT J AU Berner, D Dubin, J Smallwood, E AF Berner, D. Dubin, J. Smallwood, E. TI Screening grasses for susceptibility to Ustilago phrygica, a potential biological control pathogen for medusahead SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berner, D.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dubin, J.; Smallwood, E.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S8 EP S9 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400048 ER PT J AU Blaedow, R Ahlstrand, G Barber, B Juzwik, J AF Blaedow, R. Ahlstrand, G. Barber, B. Juzwik, J. TI Detection and quantification of propiconazole in oak tissues using microwave extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blaedow, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ahlstrand, G.] Univ Minnesota, Imaging Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Barber, B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soils Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S10 EP S10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400058 ER PT J AU Blaedow, RA Juzwik, J AF Blaedow, R. A. Juzwik, J. TI Within tree and between tree spread of Ceratocystis fagacearum and implications for systemic chemical control SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blaedow, R. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401238 ER PT J AU Blodgett, J Lundquist, J AF Blodgett, J. Lundquist, J. TI Armillaria in Wyoming SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blodgett, J.; Lundquist, J.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S10 EP S11 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400060 ER PT J AU Bock, C Parker, P Cook, A Gottwald, T AF Bock, C. Parker, P. Cook, A. Gottwald, T. TI The effect of wind speed on the dispersal plume of bacteria downwind from canker-infected grapefruit trees SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, USHRL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Parker, P.; Cook, A.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Moore AFB, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gottwald, T.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400068 ER PT J AU Bock, C Refshauge, S Vranjic, J Nayudu, M AF Bock, C. Refshauge, S. Vranjic, J. Nayudu, M. TI Splash dispersal of Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola among seedlings of coriander SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, USHRL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Refshauge, S.; Nayudu, M.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Vranjic, J.] Environm Australia, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400067 ER PT J AU Bock, C Parker, P Cook, A Gottwald, T AF Bock, C. Parker, P. Cook, A. Gottwald, T. TI Image analysis versus visual assessment of incidence and severity of citrus canker symptoms SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, USHRL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Parker, P.; Cook, A.] USDA APHIS, Moore AFB, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gottwald, T.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400065 ER PT J AU Bock, C Refshauge, S Vranjic, J Nayudu, M AF Bock, C. Refshauge, S. Vranjic, J. Nayudu, M. TI Infection and development of Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola in coriander SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, USHRL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Refshauge, S.; Nayudu, M.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Vranjic, J.] Environm Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400066 ER PT J AU Bock, C Parker, P Gottwald, T Mavrodieva, V Levy, L AF Bock, C. Parker, P. Gottwald, T. Mavrodieva, V. Levy, L. TI Detecting and quantifying Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in wind driven splash SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bock, C.] Univ Florida, USDA ARS, USHRL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Parker, P.] USDA APHIS, Moore AFB, Edinburg, TX USA. [Gottwald, T.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Mavrodieva, V.; Levy, L.] APHIS PPQ CPHST, NPGBL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400064 ER PT J AU Bonde, MR Perez-Hernandez, O Yang, XB AF Bonde, M. R. Perez-Hernandez, O. Yang, X. B. TI Studies to determine the importance of alternative hosts in the over-wintering of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bonde, M. R.] USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Perez-Hernandez, O.; Yang, X. B.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401344 ER PT J AU Boza, E Jia, Y Correll, J Lee, F Cartwright, R AF Boza, E. Jia, Y. Correll, J. Lee, F. Cartwright, R. TI Genetic variation of avirulence gene AVR-Pita among a global collection of isolates of Magnaporthe grisea from rice and non-rice hosts SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boza, E.; Correll, J.; Lee, F.; Cartwright, R.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Jia, Y.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400074 ER PT J AU Brantner, J Windels, C Omer, M Rowe, R AF Brantner, J. Windels, C. Omer, M. Rowe, R. TI Verticillium wilt on sugar beet grown in close rotation with potato in northeastern North Dakota SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brantner, J.; Windels, C.] Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN USA. [Omer, M.] USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH USA. [Rowe, R.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400077 ER PT J AU Brooks, S Huang, L Herbel, M Gill, B Brown-Guedira, G Fellers, J AF Brooks, S. Huang, L. Herbel, M. Gill, B. Brown-Guedira, G. Fellers, J. TI Structural variation and evolution of a resistance gene island in natural populations of the wild wheat Aegilops tauschii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brooks, S.] USDA ARS, SPA DBNRRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Huang, L.; Herbel, M.; Gill, B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fellers, J.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400080 ER PT J AU Brown-Guedira, G AF Brown-Guedira, G. TI Integrating MAS with conventional wheat breeding programs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown-Guedira, G.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S139 EP S139 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401310 ER PT J AU Bruckart, W Eskandari, F Berner, D Michael, J Aime, M AF Bruckart, W. Eskandari, F. Berner, D. Michael, J. Aime, M. TI A new, aggressive rust fungus from Turkey is a candidate for biological control of Russian knapweed SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruckart, W.; Eskandari, F.; Berner, D.; Michael, J.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Frederick, MD USA. [Aime, M.] USDA ARS, SBML, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400083 ER PT J AU Bruening, G Civerolo, E Lee, Y Buzayan, J Feldstein, P Re, E AF Bruening, G. Civerolo, E. Lee, Y. Buzayan, J. Feldstein, P. Re, E. TI A major outer membrane protein of Xylella fastidiosa induces chlorosis in Chenopodium quinoa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruening, G.; Lee, Y.; Buzayan, J.; Feldstein, P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, PWA SJVAS Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Re, E.] Solano Community Coll, Fairfield, CA 94534 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400084 ER PT J AU Bulluck, R Parra, G Shiel, P Berger, P Kaplan, D Li, W Zeller, K Levy, L Keller, J Reddy, M Sharma, N Dennis, M Stack, J Pierzynski, J Mara, J Webb, C Palm, M McKemy, J AF Bulluck, R. Parra, G. Shiel, P. Berger, P. Kaplan, D. Li, W. Zeller, K. Levy, L. Keller, J. Reddy, M. Sharma, N. Dennis, M. Stack, J. Pierzynski, J. Mara, J. Webb, C. Palm, M. McKemy, J. TI Detection of Phytophthora ramorum in camellia leaves by isolation, ELISA, nested and real-time PCR SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bulluck, R.; Parra, G.; Shiel, P.; Berger, P.; Kaplan, D.] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, APHIS, PPQ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Li, W.; Zeller, K.; Levy, L.] USDA, Natl Plant Germplasm & Biotechnol Lab, APHIS, PPQ, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Keller, J.; Reddy, M.] Monrovia Growers, Azusa, CA 91702 USA. [Sharma, N.; Dennis, M.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Hlth & Pest Prevent Serv, Van Nuys, CA USA. [Stack, J.; Pierzynski, J.; Mara, J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Webb, C.] Kansas State Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Palm, M.; McKemy, J.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Natl Identificat Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S15 EP S15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400086 ER PT J AU Burkhart, C Christ, B Haynes, K AF Burkhart, C. Christ, B. Haynes, K. TI Heritability of resistance to Fusarium dry rot in a diploid hybrid potato population SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burkhart, C.; Christ, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haynes, K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S15 EP S15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400087 ER PT J AU Burkhart, C Christ, B Haynes, K AF Burkhart, C. Christ, B. Haynes, K. TI The relative virulence of various isolates of Fusarium species on potato SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burkhart, C.; Christ, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haynes, K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S15 EP S15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400088 ER PT J AU Burkhart, CR Christ, BJ Haynes, KG AF Burkhart, C. R. Christ, B. J. Haynes, K. G. TI Tuber Fusarium dry rot resistance in a diploid hybrid Solanum phureja x S stenotomum population SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burkhart, C. R.; Christ, B. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haynes, K. G.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401487 ER PT J AU Burrows, M Caillaud, M Smith, D Benson, E Gray, S AF Burrows, M. Caillaud, M. Smith, D. Benson, E. Gray, S. TI Genetic control of Barley yellow dwarf virus transmission in the aphid Schizaphis graminum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burrows, M.] USDA ARS, PSNL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Caillaud, M.] Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Smith, D.; Benson, E.; Gray, S.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S15 EP S15 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400089 ER PT J AU Cabrera, J Groves, R Chen, J Lin, H Francis, M Civerolo, E AF Cabrera, J. Groves, R. Chen, J. Lin, H. Francis, M. Civerolo, E. TI Seasonal population biology of Xylella fastidiosa genotypes in almond and movement by insect vectors SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Groves, R.; Chen, J.; Lin, H.; Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Francis, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400092 ER PT J AU Caldo, RA Nettleton, D Wise, RP AF Caldo, R. A. Nettleton, D. Wise, R. P. TI A global view of gene-specific disease resistance, basal defense, and the suppression of host-responses SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Caldo, R. A.; Wise, R. P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA USA. [Nettleton, D.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Wise, R. P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S132 EP S132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401271 ER PT J AU Carbone, I Jakobek, J Moussa, EH Cox, J Horn, B AF Carbone, I. Jakobek, J. Moussa, E. Hajj Cox, J. Horn, B. TI Evolutionary processes in the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergillus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carbone, I.; Jakobek, J.; Cox, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Moussa, E. Hajj] Lebanese Univ, Fac Sci 2, Dept Biol Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. [Horn, B.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400096 ER PT J AU Carta, L Skantar, AM AF Carta, L. Skantar, A. M. TI Molecular identification of some Tylenchid nematodes from fresh and degraded specimens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carta, L.; Skantar, A. M.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401327 ER PT J AU Cavin, CA Bruckart, WL AF Cavin, C. A. Bruckart, W. L. TI What are the implications of a foreign hemibiotrophic fungus for biological control of weeds? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cavin, C. A.; Bruckart, W. L.] USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401402 ER PT J AU Chen, J Groves, R Zheng, Y Civerolo, E Viveros, M Freeman, M AF Chen, J. Groves, R. Zheng, Y. Civerolo, E. Viveros, M. Freeman, M. TI Colony morphology of Xylella fastidiosa almond leaf scorch strains and their genomic and diagnostic implications SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Groves, R.; Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Zheng, Y.] Your Way Consulting, Fresno, CA USA. [Viveros, M.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Bakersfield, CA USA. [Freeman, M.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S18 EP S19 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400108 ER PT J AU Chen, J Groves, R Civerolo, E AF Chen, J. Groves, R. Civerolo, E. TI High throughput detection of Xylella fastidiosa from almond and grape tissues SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Groves, R.; Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400109 ER PT J AU Chen, X Penman, L AF Chen, X. Penman, L. TI Stripe rust epidemic and races of Puccinia striiformis in the United States in 2004 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, X.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Penman, L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400110 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Brown, R Menkir, A Damann, K Cleveland, T AF Chen, Z. Brown, R. Menkir, A. Damann, K. Cleveland, T. TI Proteome analysis of near isogenic maize lines differing in the level of resistance against Aspergillus flavus infection/aflatoxin production SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Z.; Damann, K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ag Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, R.; Cleveland, T.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Menkir, A.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400111 ER PT J AU Choppakatla, V Melouk, HA Hunger, RM Payton, ME Chenault, KD AF Choppakatla, V. Melouk, H. A. Hunger, R. M. Payton, M. E. Chenault, K. D. TI Pathogenicity of Sclerotium rolfsii on winter wheat and peanut SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choppakatla, V.; Hunger, R. M.; Payton, M. E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melouk, H. A.; Chenault, K. D.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S174 EP S174 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401528 ER PT J AU Choppakatla, V Melouk, H Hunger, R Payton, M Chenault, K AF Choppakatla, V. Melouk, H. Hunger, R. Payton, M. Chenault, K. TI Production of endo-polygalacturonase by Sclerotium rolfsii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choppakatla, V.; Hunger, R.; Payton, M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melouk, H.; Chenault, K.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400116 ER PT J AU Church, GT AF Church, G. T. TI Molecular markers for species diagnosis and phylogeny of Longidorus and Xiphinema (Nematoda : Longidoridae) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Church, G. T.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401325 ER PT J AU Clough, S AF Clough, S. TI Partial resistance to plant diseases: From selection to integration SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Clough, S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, S.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401202 ER PT J AU Cohen, M Mazzola, M AF Cohen, M. Mazzola, M. TI Suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot by Streptomyces in Brassica napus seed meal-amended soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cohen, M.; Mazzola, M.] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400119 ER PT J AU Cohen, M Brown, J Mazzola, M AF Cohen, M. Brown, J. Mazzola, M. TI Infectivity of Pythium toward apple seedlings in soil amended with low-glucosinolate Brassica napus seed meal SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cohen, M.; Mazzola, M.] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Brown, J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400118 ER PT J AU Colburn, G Sechler, K Shishkoff, N AF Colburn, G. Sechler, K. Shishkoff, N. TI Survivability and pathogenicity of Phytophthora ramorum chlamydospores in soil SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Colburn, G.; Sechler, K.; Shishkoff, N.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400120 ER PT J AU Comstock, JC Miller, JD AF Comstock, J. C. Miller, J. D. TI Sugarcane yellow leaf virus spread in Florida SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Comstock, J. C.; Miller, J. D.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401374 ER PT J AU Conway, W Janisiewicz, W Leverentz, B Saftner, R Camp, M AF Conway, W. Janisiewicz, W. Leverentz, B. Saftner, R. Camp, M. TI Control of blue mold of apple by combining controlled atmosphere, antagonist mixtures, and sodium bicarbonate SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Conway, W.; Leverentz, B.; Saftner, R.] USDA ARS, PQSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Janisiewicz, W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Camp, M.] USDA ARS, BCS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S21 EP S21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400123 ER PT J AU Cooper, B AF Cooper, B. TI Shotgun identification of proteins from rust spores SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cooper, B.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401345 ER PT J AU Copes, W Rinehart, T Cubeta, M AF Copes, W. Rinehart, T. Cubeta, M. TI Genetic, pathogenic, and phenotypic characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from container-grown azalea in the southern United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Copes, W.] USDA ARS, So Hort Res Stn, Poplarville, MS USA. [Cubeta, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S21 EP S21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400126 ER PT J AU Cowger, C AF Cowger, C. TI Assessment of cultivar mixtures as a tool to manage powdery mildew disease of soft red winter wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cowger, C.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S21 EP S22 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400128 ER PT J AU Crunkleton, EL Berner, DK McMahon, MB AF Crunkleton, E. L. Berner, D. K. McMahon, M. B. TI Evaluation and identification of a Cladosporium sp as a biological control agent of yellow starthistle in the USA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crunkleton, E. L.; Berner, D. K.; McMahon, M. B.] USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401403 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, V Stone, A Schneider, W Sherman, D Gildow, F Luster, D AF Damsteegt, V. Stone, A. Schneider, W. Sherman, D. Gildow, F. Luster, D. TI The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, a new vector of endemic dwarfing and yellowing isolates of Soybean dwarf luteovirus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, A.; Schneider, W.; Sherman, D.; Luster, D.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Damsteegt, V.] USDA ARS, NAA FDWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gildow, F.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400134 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, V Stone, A Sherman, D Schneider, W Gildow, F Luster, D AF Damsteegt, V. Stone, A. Sherman, D. Schneider, W. Gildow, F. Luster, D. TI In planta interactions of three Plum pox potyvirus strains within cultivar Lovell peach seedlings SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Damsteegt, V.] USDA ARS, NAA FDWSRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Stone, A.; Sherman, D.; Schneider, W.; Luster, D.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Gildow, F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, State Coll, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S22 EP S22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400133 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Dally, EL Zhao, Y Jomantiene, R Shao, J AF Davis, R. E. Dally, E. L. Zhao, Y. Jomantiene, R. Shao, J. TI Complete nucleotide sequence of a Spiroplasma kunkelii plasmid encoding an adhesin and Type IV secretion elements SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, R. E.; Dally, E. L.; Zhao, Y.; Jomantiene, R.; Shao, J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jomantiene, R.] Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401490 ER PT J AU Demers, A Backman, P Berner, D AF Demers, A. Backman, P. Berner, D. TI Enhancing epidemics of Puccinia punctiformis to achieve biological control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demers, A.; Backman, P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Berner, D.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400143 ER PT J AU Demers, AM Backman, PA Berner, DK AF Demers, A. M. Backman, P. A. Berner, D. K. TI Enhancing epidemics of Puccinia punctiformis on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) to achieve biological control SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demers, A. M.; Backman, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Berner, D. K.] USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401491 ER PT J AU Demers, AM Backman, PA Berner, DK AF Demers, A. M. Backman, P. A. Berner, D. K. TI Biological control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) using the rust Puccinia punctiformis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demers, A. M.; Backman, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Berner, D. K.] USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401406 ER PT J AU Desjardins, A AF Desjardins, A. TI Measuring and managing mycotoxin risks SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Desjardins, A.] USDA ARS, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S146 EP S146 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401356 ER PT J AU Desjardins, A AF Desjardins, A. TI A role for ascospores in wheat head blight epidemics SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Desjardins, A.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401220 ER PT J AU Domier, L Veetil, TT Phibbs, A Barta, A AF Domier, L. Veetil, T. Thekke Phibbs, A. Barta, A. TI Complete nucleotide sequence of a Wisconsin soybean isolate of Soybean dwarf virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Domier, L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Veetil, T. Thekke] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Phibbs, A.; Barta, A.] Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI 53707 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S25 EP S26 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400153 ER PT J AU Dunkle, LD AF Dunkle, L. D. TI Fungal phytotoxins: Perspectives and promises SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dunkle, L. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401283 ER PT J AU Dunlap, C Schisler, D Behle, R AF Dunlap, C. Schisler, D. Behle, R. TI Drying and osmotic shock tolerance of Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9; a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dunlap, C.; Schisler, D.; Behle, R.] USDA, NCAUR, CBP, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S26 EP S26 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400157 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, L Menard, R Hess, N AF Eckhardt, L. Menard, R. Hess, N. TI Leptographium species and their vectors as components of loblolly pine decline: A growing concern in the southeastern US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eckhardt, L.; Menard, R.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hess, N.] US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400161 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Aasheim, M AF Edwards, M. Aasheim, M. TI Infectious clones of a white leaf strain of Barley stripe mosaic virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Edwards, M.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Aasheim, M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S27 EP S27 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400163 ER PT J AU Engle, J Lipps, P Friesen, T AF Engle, J. Lipps, P. Friesen, T. TI Seedling reaction of winter wheat cultivars to S-nodorum isolates producing SnTox1 and SnTox2 and P-tritici-repentis races 1 and 2 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Engle, J.; Lipps, P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Friesen, T.] USDA ARS, Fargo, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400167 ER PT J AU English, JT Stacey, G Schmidt, FJ Cooper, B AF English, J. T. Stacey, G. Schmidt, F. J. Cooper, B. TI Peptide technologies for management of soybean rust SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [English, J. T.; Stacey, G.; Schmidt, F. J.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cooper, B.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401346 ER PT J AU Eskandari, F Bruckart, WL Berner, DK AF Eskandari, F. Bruckart, W. L. Berner, D. K. TI Two flies suspected in greenhouse spread of Phoma exigua on Acroptilon repens SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eskandari, F.; Bruckart, W. L.; Berner, D. K.] USDA ARS, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401408 ER PT J AU Fellers, J Webb, C Szabo, L Bakkeren, G Garry, C Staples, R AF Fellers, J. Webb, C. Szabo, L. Bakkeren, G. Garry, C. Staples, R. TI Using biolistics with Puccinia triticina as a method of transient expression and insertional mutagenesis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fellers, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Webb, C.] USDA, APHIS, Manhattan, KS USA. [Szabo, L.] USDA ARS, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bakkeren, G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, BC, Canada. [Garry, C.] Univ Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Staples, R.] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400172 ER PT J AU Firko, MJ AF Firko, M. J. TI The APHIS-PPQ Permitting System for movement of live plant pathogens into and within the US SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Firko, M. J.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401329 ER PT J AU Firko, MJ AF Firko, M. J. TI The case for strong borders in the age of global trade SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Firko, M. J.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401260 ER PT J AU Fisher, A AF Fisher, A. TI Salt marsh Claviceps purpurea on invasive Spartina alterniflora in Willapa Bay, Washington: A potential new biological control for invasive Spartina SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400177 ER PT J AU Flaherty, J Dunkle, L AF Flaherty, J. Dunkle, L. TI Light-regulated genes in development of the maize pathogen, Setosphaeria turcica SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flaherty, J.; Dunkle, L.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400178 ER PT J AU Foster-Hartnett, D Penuela, S Danesh, D Sharapova, N VandenBosch, KA Young, ND Samac, DA AF Foster-Hartnett, D. Penuela, S. Danesh, D. Sharapova, N. VandenBosch, K. A. Young, N. D. Samac, D. A. TI Histochemical and transcriptome analysis of the interactions between Medicago truncatula and the pathogens Colletotrichum trifolii and Erisyphe pisi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Foster-Hartnett, D.; Penuela, S.; Danesh, D.; Sharapova, N.; VandenBosch, K. A.; Young, N. D.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Samac, D. A.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Penuela, Silvia/A-6961-2010 OI Penuela, Silvia/0000-0003-4829-5517 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401448 ER PT J AU Francis, M Civerolo, E Bruening, G AF Francis, M. Civerolo, E. Bruening, G. TI Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR-1 is highly susceptible to Xylella fastidiosa associated with Pierce's disease in California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Francis, M.; Bruening, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, PWA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400186 ER PT J AU Fravel, D Deahl, K Stommel, J AF Fravel, D. Deahl, K. Stommel, J. TI Compatibility of the biocontrol fungus Fusarium oxysporum CS-20 with seven fungicides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fravel, D.; Deahl, K.; Stommel, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400187 ER PT J AU Friesen, T Faris, J Meinhardt, S AF Friesen, T. Faris, J. Meinhardt, S. TI A new host selective toxin produced by Stagonospora nodorum and its significance in disease using a segregating wheat mapping population SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friesen, T.; Faris, J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Meinhardt, S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400192 ER PT J AU Funnell, D Pedersen, J AF Funnell, D. Pedersen, J. TI Evidence for increased resistance to Fusarium moniliforme sensu lato in sorghum genetically modified for reduced lignin content SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Funnell, D.; Pedersen, J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400196 ER PT J AU Gabler, FM Smilanick, J AF Gabler, F. Mlikota Smilanick, J. TI Predicting the field resistance to powdery mildew of grapevine selections based on the laboratory testing of young vines SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gabler, F. Mlikota; Smilanick, J.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400434 ER PT J AU Gabriel, D Allen, C Schell, M Denny, T Jean, G Huang, Q Presting, G Norman, D Flores, Z Duan, Y Reddy, J Elphinstone, J Liu, L Farmerie, W Gonzalez, E Patnaikuni, M Balogh, B Alvarez, A Mulholand, V Saddler, G AF Gabriel, D. Allen, C. Schell, M. Denny, T. Jean, G. Huang, Q. Presting, G. Norman, D. Flores, Z. Duan, Y. Reddy, J. Elphinstone, J. Liu, L. Farmerie, W. Gonzalez, E. Patnaikuni, M. Balogh, B. Alvarez, A. Mulholand, V. Saddler, G. TI Identification of ORFs unique to a Select Agent: Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gabriel, D.; Duan, Y.; Reddy, J.; Liu, L.; Farmerie, W.; Gonzalez, E.; Patnaikuni, M.; Balogh, B.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allen, C.; Flores, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Denny, T.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jean, G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Huang, Q.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Presting, G.; Alvarez, A.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Norman, D.] Univ Florida, Apopka, FL USA. [Elphinstone, J.] Cent Sci Lab, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Mulholand, V.; Saddler, G.] Scottish Agr Sci Agcy, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S32 EP S33 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400197 ER PT J AU Gale, LR Bryant, JD Giese, H Katan, T O'Donnell, K Suga, H Usgaard, TR Ward, TJ Kistler, HC AF Gale, L. R. Bryant, J. D. Giese, H. Katan, T. O'Donnell, K. Suga, H. Usgaard, T. R. Ward, T. J. Kistler, H. C. TI A genetic map of Gibberella zeae using sequence-tagged sites and AFLPs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gale, L. R.; Kistler, H. C.] USDA, CDL, St Paul, MN USA. [Bryant, J. D.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Giese, H.] Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Katan, T.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [O'Donnell, K.; Usgaard, T. R.; Ward, T. J.] USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. [Usgaard, T. R.] Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401449 ER PT J AU Gao, X Jackson, TA Lambert, KN Li, S Hartman, GL Niblack, TL AF Gao, X. Jackson, T. A. Lambert, K. N. Li, S. Hartman, G. L. Niblack, T. L. TI Detection and quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp glycines in soybean roots with real-time PCR SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gao, X.; Jackson, T. A.; Lambert, K. N.; Li, S.; Niblack, T. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401450 ER PT J AU Gao, X Jackson, T Lambert, K Li, S Hartman, G Niblack, T AF Gao, X. Jackson, T. Lambert, K. Li, S. Hartman, G. Niblack, T. TI Application of the delta threshold cycle PCR inhibition test procedure in the evaluation of DNA extracts from soybean, soil, and Asian lady beetle SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gao, X.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Jackson, T.; Lambert, K.; Li, S.; Hartman, G.; Niblack, T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400199 ER PT J AU Gee, CT Gadoury, DM Cadle-Davidson, L AF Gee, C. T. Gadoury, D. M. Cadle-Davidson, L. TI Variation in the timing of ontogenic resistance against Uncinula necator in the USDA-ARS, PGRU Vitis germplasm collection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gee, C. T.; Cadle-Davidson, L.] USDA ARS, PGRU, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Gee, C. T.; Gadoury, D. M.; Cadle-Davidson, L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S169 EP S169 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401494 ER PT J AU Gerik, J AF Gerik, J. TI Drip applied soil fumigants for Liatris production SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gerik, J.] USDA ARS, SJVASC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400205 ER PT J AU Glenn, D Peterson, G AF Glenn, D. Peterson, G. TI Effect of sodium phosphate salts and pH on teliospore germination and basidiospore production of Tilletia indica SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Glenn, D.; Peterson, G.] USDA ARS, NAA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S35 EP S35 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400211 ER PT J AU Goodwin, S AF Goodwin, S. TI Variability of microsatellite markers within and between populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola in the central United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goodwin, S.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S35 EP S36 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400215 ER PT J AU Gottwald, T Riley, T AF Gottwald, T. Riley, T. TI The effect of hurricanes and tropical storms on long distance spread of citrus canker SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gottwald, T.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Riley, T.] USDA, APHIS, Orlando, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400216 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR AF Gottwald, T. R. TI Conflicting agendas of commercial growers and residential tree owners during citrus canker and plum pox eradication programs SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S129 EP S129 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401251 ER PT J AU Gray, S Perry, K Gildow, F AF Gray, S. Perry, K. Gildow, F. TI Insect transmission of viruses: Why paint brushes and Parafilm have remained the tools of the trade SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gray, S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Perry, K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gildow, F.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S121 EP S121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401200 ER PT J AU Gremillion, SK Culbreath, AK Todd, JW Gorbet, DW Pitman, R AF Gremillion, S. K. Culbreath, A. K. Todd, J. W. Gorbet, D. W. Pitman, R. TI Stability of response of advanced peanut breeding lines and Bolivian Bayo Grande to leaf spot and tomato spotted wilt at multiple locations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gremillion, S. K.; Culbreath, A. K.; Todd, J. W.] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Gorbet, D. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Marianna, FL USA. [Pitman, R.] USDA ARS, Griffin, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401531 ER PT J AU Griffin, M Ownley, B Klingeman, W Pereira, R AF Griffin, M. Ownley, B. Klingeman, W. Pereira, R. TI Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia damping-off of cotton with endophytic Beauveria bassiana SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Griffin, M.; Ownley, B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Klingeman, W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pereira, R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400219 ER PT J AU Grisham, M Pan, Y AF Grisham, M. Pan, Y. TI Detection and quantification of Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli in sugarcane by real-time PCR SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grisham, M.; Pan, Y.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400220 ER PT J AU Grove, G Mahaffee, W Falacy, J Galloway, H Lunden, J Peetz, A AF Grove, G. Mahaffee, W. Falacy, J. Galloway, H. Lunden, J. Peetz, A. TI Detection of Erysiphe necator in the air of grape vineyards in Eastern Washington SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grove, G.; Falacy, J.; Galloway, H.; Lunden, J.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Mahaffee, W.] USDA ARS, HCRL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Peetz, A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400221 ER PT J AU Grove, G Spotts, R Mahaffee, W Galloway, H Lunden, J AF Grove, G. Spotts, R. Mahaffee, W. Galloway, H. Lunden, J. TI Detection of Podosphaera clandestina in the air of cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchards using PCR and species-specific primers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grove, G.; Galloway, H.; Lunden, J.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Spotts, R.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mahaffee, W.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400222 ER PT J AU Groves, R Chen, J Viveros, M Freeman, M Lynn, K Cabrera, J Civerolo, E AF Groves, R. Chen, J. Viveros, M. Freeman, M. Lynn, K. Cabrera, J. Civerolo, E. TI Temporal patterns of almond leaf scorch disease progress and associated Xylella fastidiosa genotypes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Groves, R.; Chen, J.; Civerolo, E.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Viveros, M.] UCCE, Bakersfield, CA USA. [Freeman, M.] UCCE, Fresno, CA USA. [Lynn, K.] UCKAC, Parlier, CA USA. [Cabrera, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400223 ER PT J AU Grunwald, N Scheuerell, S Davis, A Linderman, R AF Grunwald, N. Scheuerell, S. Davis, A. Linderman, R. TI Resistance to Phytophthora ramorum in a range of species and cultivars of the genus Viburnum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grunwald, N.; Davis, A.; Linderman, R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Scheuerell, S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400225 ER PT J AU Grunwald, N Tripathy, S Ivors, K Lamour, K Tyler, B AF Grunwald, N. Tripathy, S. Ivors, K. Lamour, K. Tyler, B. TI Characterizing abundance and distribution of microsatellite repeats in Phytophthora sojae and P-ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grunwald, N.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Tripathy, S.; Tyler, B.] Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Ivors, K.] NC State Univ, Fletcher, NC USA. [Lamour, K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400224 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ AF Grunwald, N. J. TI The social impact of fungal diseases: From the Irish potato famine to sudden oak death SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grunwald, N. J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S129 EP S129 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401250 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Draper, M Henson, R AF Gulya, T. J. Draper, M. Henson, R. TI An inoculation method to induce Sclerotinia stalk rot in field-grown sunflowers SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gulya, T. J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Draper, M.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Henson, R.] N Dakota State Univ, Carrington Res Extens Ctr, Carrington, ND 58421 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991401454 ER PT J AU Guo, B Luo, M Dang, P Holbrook, C He, G AF Guo, B. Luo, M. Dang, P. Holbrook, C. He, G. TI Differentially expressed genes in responses to late leaf spot disease caused by Cercosporidium personatum in peanut using microarray analysis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guo, B.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Luo, M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. [Dang, P.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Holbrook, C.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [He, G.] Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Plant Biotech Res, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S37 EP S38 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400227 ER PT J AU Hajeri, S Rangel, B Lee, R AF Hajeri, S. Rangel, B. Lee, R. TI Dweet mottle disease and Citrus leaf blotch disease may be caused by same virus or different strains of same virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hajeri, S.; Rangel, B.; Lee, R.] USDA ARS, NCGRCD, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S39 EP S39 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400235 ER PT J AU Halgren, A Tzanetakis, I Martin, R AF Halgren, A. Tzanetakis, I. Martin, R. TI Raspberry mosaic disease: An expanding virus universe SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Halgren, A.; Tzanetakis, I.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martin, R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S39 EP S39 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400237 ER PT J AU Hammond, R Chicas, M Caviedes, M Madriz, K Albertazzi, F Villalobos, H Ramirez, P AF Hammond, R. Chicas, M. Caviedes, M. Madriz, K. Albertazzi, F. Villalobos, H. Ramirez, P. TI Maize rayado fino virus: Ecology and evolution of a host/vector limited pathogen SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hammond, R.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Chicas, M.; Caviedes, M.; Madriz, K.; Albertazzi, F.; Villalobos, H.; Ramirez, P.] Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. RI Madriz-Ordenana, Kenneth/M-3821-2014 OI Madriz-Ordenana, Kenneth/0000-0003-3133-0371 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400240 ER PT J AU Hanson, L Hill, A Panella, L AF Hanson, L. Hill, A. Panella, L. TI Diversity in Fusarium species associated with sugar beet disease in the field SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hanson, L.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hill, A.; Panella, L.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400241 ER PT J AU Hayslett, M Juzwik, J Camilli, K Appel, D AF Hayslett, M. Juzwik, J. Camilli, K. Appel, D. TI Frequencies of Ceratoeystis fagacearum contaminated nitidulid beetle species in wounds on live and red oaks in Texas SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hayslett, M.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Juzwik, J.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Camilli, K.] Texas Forest Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Appel, D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 SU S BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V44GO UT WOS:000202991400248 ER EF