FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Branson, DH AF Branson, DH TI Direct and indirect effects of avian predation on grasshopper communities in northern mixed-grass prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE predation; Acrididae; birds; grasshopper populations; grasslands ID NITROGEN LIMITATION; SANDHILLS GRASSLAND; ACRIDIDAE; POPULATIONS; ORTHOPTERA; IMPACT; VERTEBRATE; QUALITY; DROUGHT; DAKOTA AB The ecological interactions between grasshoppers, predators, and resources that can limit the population growth of grasshoppers are poorly understood. A number of field experiments have shown that top-down control by avian predators can limit grasshopper populations, but the effects of avian predators on grasshopper populations can differ between years and between sites in the same habitat. I conducted experiments examining grasshopper populations in avian exclosures and control plots for 3 yr at two locations in eastern Montana. Avian predation had variable direct and indirect effects on grasshopper communities at the two locations. Grasshopper population densities, species richness, and diversity at the two sites were not consistently significantly affected by avian predation, indicative of weaker top-down effects. The effects of predation varied among years and between the two sites. Avian predators modified body size composition of grasshopper populations through size-selective predation on medium-bodied grasshoppers. Even in years when avian predators did not limit grasshopper populations, selective predation seemed to indirectly mediate competitive interactions among grasshoppers. Birds reduced the proportion of presumably competitively superior medium-bodied grasshoppers, and small-bodied grasshoppers increased in abundance. C1 USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM dbranson@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1114 EP 1121 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1114:DAIEOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800018 ER PT J AU Fuxa, JR Sokolova, YY Milks, ML Richter, AR Williams, DF Oi, DH AF Fuxa, JR Sokolova, YY Milks, ML Richter, AR Williams, DF Oi, DH TI Prevalence, spread, and effects of the Microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae released into Populations with different social forms of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : formicidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; biological control; entomopathogen; epizootiology; ants ID INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ENTOMOPATHOGEN; COLONIES; RICHTERI; LIGHT; PCR AB The microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard was released into colonies of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, at four field sites in Louisiana. Social form of the ant affected the establishment of the microsporidium; long-term epizootics developed at two sites with predominantly polygyne populations, whereas the pathogen produced a low disease prevalence before it disappeared or did not infect ants at all at two monogyne sites. This study is the first report of artificial infection of monogyne S. invicta field colonies. When the microsporidium became established in mixed monogyne/polygyne ant populations, prevalence rates peaked at > 75% in both social forms. In mixed ant populations, the social form suffering higher prevalence of the disease decreased proportionally to the other form, possibly indicating a competitive disadvantage. Host population density or site characteristics may have influenced spread of the disease; the rate of spread was 0.9 m/mo at one epizootic site and reached 9.4 m/mo at the other. There was little seasonal variation in prevalence, which averaged 47% in February, 51% in April/May, and 57% in October/November at the two epizootic sites. The strongest evidence of microsporidian impact on S. invicta populations was a negative correlation between colony numbers versus percentage infection and a sporadic decrease in the number of foragers. There was some evidence of a decrease in the size and number of colonies at one epizootic site and a decrease in brood at the other. This sporadic weakening of the S. invicta populations did not lead to significant immigration of other ant species. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Fuxa, JR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, AgCtr, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jfuxa@lsu.edu RI Sokolova, Yuliya /M-2883-2013 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1149 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1139:PSAEOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800021 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Light, DM AF Knight, AL Light, DM TI Factors affecting the differential capture of male and female codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; kairomone; monitoring; pear ester ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; LASPEYRESIA-POMONELLA; GRANNY SMITH; APPLE; PHEROMONE; VOLATILES; ODOR; PEAR AB Studies were conducted in apple to evaluate factors that differentially affect the catch of male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester). We examined the time of moth capture in the diel cycle and the recapture rates of marked moths in sex pheromone mating disruption (MD) and untreated orchards. The attractiveness of pear ester-baited traps was compared among five apple cultivars. Experiments also assessed the influence of trap height, the distance of the trap from sex pheromone dispensers, proximity of foliage surrounding the trap, trap size, and proximity of adjacent clean and codling moth-injured fruit on moth captures. The responses of male and female moths significantly differed in response to many of these factors. For example, the time of peak female capture occurred earlier than for males. A higher proportion of recaptured, marked moths were females in MD versus untreated orchard plots. Significantly more male but not female moths were caught in traps placed high versus low in the tree canopy. Traps placed on the perimeter of the canopy caught significantly more female moths than traps placed within the canopy and surrounded by foliage. Smaller trap surfaces caught significantly more males than females. Traps placed adjacent to uninjured fruit caught significantly more females than traps placed away from fruit. No differences occurred between sexes in response to other factors: significantly higher counts of both sexes occurred in blocks of 'Granny Smith' versus four other apple cultivars; recapture rates of marked moths were not different at release points ranging from 10 to 50 m for either sex; and trap placement relative to MD dispensers or injured versus uninjured fruits was not a significant factor affecting moth catches or their sex ratio. Effective monitoring for either or both sexes of codling moth should consider standardizing these factors. Lure and kill strategies should include factors that optimize the captures of female moths. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1169 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1161:FATDCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800023 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Head, G Dively, GP AF Naranjo, SE Head, G Dively, GP TI Field Studies Assessing Arthropod Nontarget Effects in Bt Transgenic Crops: Introduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 28 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1180 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1178:FSAANE]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800025 ER PT J AU Prasifka, JR Hellmich, RL Dively, GP Lewis, LC AF Prasifka, JR Hellmich, RL Dively, GP Lewis, LC TI Assessing the Effects of Pest Management on Nontarget Arthropods: The Influence of Plot Size and Isolation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental design; spatial scale; isolation; Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner); principal response curves ID NATURAL ENEMIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BRUSSELS-SPROUTS; WINTER-WHEAT; PATCH SHAPE; CORN; POPULATIONS; INSECTS; PLANTS; DELTAMETHRIN AB Evaluations of field research on the nontarget effects of pest management, particularly the production of transgenic crops with insecticidal properties, suggest the methods used are sometimes unlikely to detect real differences among treatments. Among potential problems, abundance estimates may be scale-dependent for many arthropods, which move among experimental plots and between experimental plots and the surrounding environment. Insecticide-disturbed plots of field corn in a range of sizes in 2003 (0.03-0.53 ha; 18-72 m wide) and 2004 (0.01-0.13 ha; 9-36 m wide) were used for testing effects of scale on nontarget arthropod abundance. Possible effects of artificially isolating plots by removal of vegetation around plot borders were also studied in 2003. Community and taxon-based analyses showed abundance of foliar (aboveground) arthropods depended on plot size and isolation. While abundance of foliar arthropods was generally greater in smaller plots, isolation treatments suggested some taxa may have been either repelled or attracted to isolated plots. Levels of some epigeal (ground-dwelling) taxa were also size or isolation-dependent, but community-based analysis did not indicate a strong collective response to treatments. Recommendation of a practical but rigorous minimum plot size for nontarget studies may not be appropriate because responses to plot size varied among taxa. However, because arthropod movement into and out of plots can reduce differences between treatments, results suggest the use of small plots (width < 9 m) for nontarget studies on transgenic crops generally should be avoided. Similarly, the taxon-specific effects of isolating plots should be considered when planning studies or interpreting results. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab CO Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Prasifka, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab CO Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prasifka@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1192 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1181:ATEOPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800026 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE AF Naranjo, SE TI Long-term assessment of the effects of transgenic Bt cotton on the abundance of nontarget arthropod natural enemies SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pectinophora gossypiella; arthropod predators; parasitic Hymenoptera; principal response curves; statistical power analysis ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; PINK-BOLLWORM; HETEROPTERAN PREDATORS; PREDACEOUS ARTHROPODS; SEASONAL INFESTATION AB A 6-yr field study assessed the long-term impact of Bt cotton producing the Cry1Ac beta-endotoxin on 22 taxa of foliar-dwelling arthropod natural enemies in Arizona. No chronic, long-term effects of Bt cotton were observed over multiple generations of nontarget taxa. Zero-2 taxa declined significantly in unsprayed Bt compared with non-Bt cotton each year. In contrast, positive control studies showed that insecticide applications for caterpillars and other pests in both non-Bt and Bt cotton had much greater negative effects on 10 taxa. Multivariate principal response curves supported the findings of univariate analyses for the entire natural enemy community, showing no effect of Bt cotton but large and long-lasting negative effects from the use of insecticides. Multi-year analyses provided greater statistical power and indicated significant reductions that averaged 19% in five arthropod predator taxa in unsprayed Bt compared with non-Bt cotton. Most of these reductions were likely associated with reductions in lepidopteran prey. However, results of a companion study examining natural enemy function suggest that these minor reductions in Bt cotton have little ecological meaning. Multi-year analyses showed an average significant reduction of 48% in 13 taxa for plots receiving insecticide applications. On average, a 3-yr study with four replicates per year was sufficient to discern changes of approximate to 20%, with 80% power in unsprayed cotton. This long-term study indicates that the effects of Bt cotton on a representative nontarget community are minor, especially in comparison with the alternative use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Guidelines for improving nontarget field studies are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 105 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 21 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1210 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1193:LAOTEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800027 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE AF Naranjo, SE TI Long-term assessment of the effects of transgenic Bt cotton on the function of the natural enemy community SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pectinophora gossypiella; Bemisia tabaci; Lygus hesperus; arthropod predators; nontarget effects ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; CONTEMPORANEOUS MORTALITY FACTORS; GUT CONTENT ELISA; PINK-BOLLWORM; SEASONAL INFESTATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CENTRAL ARIZONA; SAMPLING PLANS; ALEYRODIDAE AB Field studies to assess effects of transgenic crops on nontarget organisms primarily have focused on nontarget abundance and diversity, whereas few have examined effects on nontarget community function. A 5-yr field study in Arizona assessed whether transgenic cotton producing the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) had an effect on the natural enemy community's impact on three key pests. Predator:prey ratios for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Lygus hesperus Knight were similar in unsprayed Bt and non-Bt cotton. Insecticide applications in positive control plots inconsistently altered ratios for B. tabaci. Predation indices based on the known feeding activity of selected predators showed that potential predator impact was unaltered by Bt cotton but was consistently depressed with insecticide applications. Sentinel eggs and pupae of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) experienced the same rates of predation in both unsprayed Bt and non-Bt cotton. Cohort-based life tables for B. tabaci showed that rates of sucking predation, parasitism, and dislodgement (chewing predation in part) were unchanged by Bt cotton. Underlying experimental designs were sufficient to consistently detect changes of < 20% in predator:prey ratios and predation indices and changes of < 10% in rates of P. gossypiella and B. tabaci mortality with > 80% power (alpha = 0.05). These long-term studies showed essentially no effects of Bt cotton on natural enemy function in Arizona cotton and further showed that minor reductions in density of several predator taxa in Bt cotton observed in a companion study may have little ecological meaning relative to natural enemy impact on key pests in the system. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 56 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1223 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1211:LAOTEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800028 ER PT J AU Lopez, MD Prasifka, JR Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC AF Lopez, MD Prasifka, JR Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC TI Utility of Ground Beetle Species in Field Tests of Potential Nontarget Effects of Bt Crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; transgenic corn; insecticide; nontarget; Bacillus thuringiensis ID COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA; CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; REFUGE HABITATS; MONARCH LARVAE; PITFALL TRAPS; COLEOPTERA; CORN; BEHAVIOR; IOWA; POPULATIONS AB Characteristics of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), including their distribution, diet breadth, and importance as generalist predators, make them candidates for evaluating potential unintended effects of transgenic crops. The abundance and composition of carabids collected from pitfall traps placed in hybrid dent corn were used to determine which species are consistently present and abundant in Iowa carabid communities and to test for population differences in these species caused by transgenic (Bacillus thuringiensis [Bt]) or insecticide-based pest management. Power analyses were also used to evaluate the adequacy of the experimental design. Carabid collections indicate Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer is the best choice to sample based on its apparent ubiquity and abundance in Iowa and other corn-producing states. However, population levels were time-dependent, and composition of carabid communities differed between locations. Considering the numerical dominance of a few species per field, the two to four most abundant species might be used to effectively represent local carabid communities. H. pensylvanicus populations were impacted by insecticide use, but no effects of Bt were found. Power analyses indicated that with the experimental design and replication employed, only large effects were detectable; based on the variation between plots, increased replication is needed to make detection of either moderate (30-50%) or small (< 30%) effects likely. The recent release of transgenic corn with coleopteran toxicity highlights the importance of these results when evaluating potential unintended effects of these crops on ground beetles. One species not previously recorded in Iowa, Lebia pulchella Dejean, also was collected. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lopez, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, C-O Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lopezmd@iastate.edu NR 46 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1324 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2005)034[1317:UOGBSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971SU UT WOS:000232405800035 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Rigby, JR AF Shields, FD Rigby, JR TI River habitat quality from river velocities measured using acoustic Doppler current profiler SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rivers; habitat; acoustic Doppler current profiler; current; velocity gradients; metrics ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOW STRUCTURE; STREAM HABITATS; INSTREAM FLOW; FISH; HYDRAULICS; METRICS; MODEL AB Prior research has demonstrated the utility of metrics based on spatial velocity gradients to characterize and describe stream habitat, with higher gradients generally indicative of higher levels of physical heterogeneity and thus habitat quality. However, detailed velocity data needed to compute these metrics are difficult to obtain. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) may be used to rapidly collect detailed representations of river velocity fields. Herein we demonstrate use of ADCP to obtain ecologically relevant data and compute associated metrics. Data were collected from four reaches of the Little Tallahatchie River in northern Mississippi. Sampled reaches were selected to observe velocity regimes associated with three distinctly different conditions: downstream from a major flow obstruction (a low weir), downstream from the apices of each of two bends, and within an extremely long, straight reach created by channelization. Three-dimensional velocity data sets from each site were used to compute metrics of habitat quality proposed by others. A habitat metric based on the presence of rotational flow in the vertical plane proved to be the best discriminator among conditions within the sampled reaches. Two of four habitat quality metrics computed from these measured velocities were greatest for the sharpest meander bend. ADCP hold great potential for study of riverine physical aquatic habitats, particularly at the reach scale. Additional work is needed to develop generally applicable field protocols and data reduction tools. Specifically, guidelines for ADCP settings and configuration appropriate for a range of riverine site conditions must be developed. Advances in instrumentation are needed to allow collection of information in closer proximity to the free surface and solid boundaries. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov OI Rigby, James/0000-0002-5611-6307 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0292-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973XV UT WOS:000232556800007 PM 16151654 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI Behavior and sensitivity of an optimal tree diameter growth model under data uncertainty SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE potential relative increment; ecological model; Pinus tueda; Pinus echinata; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; Eastwide Forest Inventory Data Base (EFIDB) ID BOUNDARY-LINE; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB Using loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, white oak, and northern red oak as examples, this paper considers the behavior of potential relative increment (PRI) models of optimal tree diameter growth under data uncertainty. Recommendations on initial sample size and the PRI iterative curve fitting process are provided. Combining different state inventories prior to PRI model development increased sample size and diameter class representation while regionalizing the models. Differences arose between loblolly and shortleaf pine in both the contribution from each state inventory pool and the number of points used in the final model fitting. Generally, pooled models predicted the highest overall increment. Natural-origin loblolly pine produced a significantly different PRI model than planted loblolly. PRI curves for northern red oak in the Lake States and the Midsouth varied across the range of diameters considered, suggesting that widespread geographic differences in optimal performance may be present within a species. The PRI methodology is consistent with current theories on diameter growth and compares favorably with other model designs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, UAM, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM dbragg@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.07.007 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930JK UT WOS:000229411800003 ER PT J AU Paoletti, E Grulke, NE AF Paoletti, E Grulke, NE TI Does living in elevated CO2 ameliorate tree response to ozone? A review on stomatal responses SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forests Under Changing Climate, Enhanced UV and Air Pollution CY AUG, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND SP Int Union Forest Res DE CO2 enrichment; elevated CO2; tropospheric O-3; O-3 uptake; woody species ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; MEDITERRANEAN EVERGREEN BROADLEAF; GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PONDEROSA PINE; GUARD-CELL; O-3 UPTAKE; AIR-POLLUTANTS AB Short-term elevated 03 reduces photosynthesis, which reduces stomatal conductance (g,) in response to increased substomatal CO2 concentration (Q. Further exposure causes stomata to become sluggish in response to environmental stimuli. Exposure to elevated CO2 stimulates rapid stomata closure in response to increased Q. This reduction in gs may not be sustained over time as photosynthesis down-regulates and with it, g(s). The relationship between g, and photosynthesis may not be constant because stomata respond more slowly to environmental changes than photosynthesis, and because elevated CO2 may alter guard cell sensitivity to other signals. Also, reduced stomatal density (and g(s)) in response to long-term CO2 enrichment suggests sustained reduction in 9,. Elevated CO2 is believed to ameliorate the deleterious O-3 effects by reducing gs and thus the potential O-3 flux into leaves. Confirmation that g, acclimation to CO2 enrichment does not lessen over time is critical for developing meaningful O-3 flux scenarios. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Ist Protez Piante, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Paoletti, E (reprint author), CNR, Ist Protez Piante, Via Madonna Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. EM e.paoletti@ipp.cnr.it RI Paoletti, Elena/B-8974-2009 OI Paoletti, Elena/0000-0001-5324-7769 NR 131 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 137 IS 3 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.035 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952CG UT WOS:000230978800012 PM 16005760 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Dobrowolski, W Mingus, P Fenn, ME AF Grulke, NE Dobrowolski, W Mingus, P Fenn, ME TI California black oak response to nitrogen amendment at a high O-3, nitrogen-saturated site SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forests Under Changing Climate, Enhanced UV and Air Pollution CY AUG, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND SP Int Union Forest Res DE Quercus kelloggii; gas exchange; growth; water use efficiency; nitrogen fertilization; stomatal behavior ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; PONDEROSA PINE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; QUERCUS; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; OZONE; BIOMASS; GROWTH; CARBON AB in a nitrogen (N) saturated forest downwind from Los Angeles, California, the cumulative response to long-term background-N and N-amendment on black oak (Quercus kelloggii) was described in a below-average and average precipitation year. Monthly measurements of leaf and branch growth, gas exchange, and canopy health attributes were conducted. The effects of both pollutant exposure and drought stress were complex due to whole tree and leaf level responses, and shade versus full sun leaf responses. N-amended trees had lower late summer carbon (C) gain and greater foliar chlorosis in the drought year. Leaf water use efficiency was lower in N-amended trees in midsummer of the average precipitation year, and there was evidence of poor stomatal control in full sun. In shade, N-amendment enhanced stomata] control. Small differences in instantaneous C uptake in full sun, lower foliar respiration, and greater C gain in low light contributed to the greater aboveground growth observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 137 IS 3 BP 536 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.039 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952CG UT WOS:000230978800017 PM 16005765 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Badea, O Popescu, F Musselman, R Tanase, M Barbu, L Fraczek, W Gembasu, N Surdu, A Danescu, F Postelnicu, D Cenusa, R Vasile, C AF Bytnerowicz, A Badea, O Popescu, F Musselman, R Tanase, M Barbu, L Fraczek, W Gembasu, N Surdu, A Danescu, F Postelnicu, D Cenusa, R Vasile, C TI Air pollution, precipitation chemistry and forest health in the Retezat Mountains, Southern Carpathians, Romania SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forests Under Changing Climate, Enhanced UV and Air Pollution CY AUG, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND SP Int Union Forest Res DE ozone; Norway spruce; European beech; throughfall; crown condition; nutrients; growth ID CENTRAL-EUROPE; AMBIENT OZONE; VEGETATION; POLLUTANTS; DEPOSITION; SULFUR AB In the Retezat Mountains concentrations Of O-3, NO2 and SO2 in summer season 2000-2002 were low and below toxicity levels for forest trees. While NH3 concentrations were low in 2000, the 2001 and 2002 concentrations were elevated indicating possibility for increased N deposition to forest stands. More than 90% of the rain events were acidic with pH values < 5.5, contributing to increased acidity of soils. Crown condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was good, however, defoliation described as > 25% of foliage injured increased from 9.1% in 2000 to 16.1% in 2002. Drought that occurred in the southern Carpathians between fall 2000 and summer 2002 and frequent acidic rainfalls could cause the observed decline of forest condition. Both Norway spruce and European beech with higher defoliation had lower annual radial increments compared to the trees with low defoliation. Ambient 03 levels found in the Retezat did not affect crown condition of Norway spruce or European beech. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. Forest Res & Management Inst, Bucharest, Romania. Forest Res & Management Inst, Simeria, Romania. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Forest Res & Management Inst, Modovenecs, Romania. Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. ESRI Romania, Bucharest, Romania. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; OI Tanase, Mihai A./0000-0002-0045-2299 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 137 IS 3 BP 546 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.040 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 952CG UT WOS:000230978800018 PM 16005766 ER PT J AU Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Stephens, WW Cooper, CM AF Bouldin, JL Farris, JL Moore, MT Smith, S Stephens, WW Cooper, CM TI Evaluated fate and effects of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in vegetated and unvegetated microcosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic vegetation; atrazine; lambda-cyhalothrin; microcosms; acute toxicity; BMPs; pesticide fate and effect ID AQUATIC PLANTS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; WETLAND MESOCOSMS; METHYL-PARATHION; ACUTE TOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES; MIXTURE; RUNOFF; DITCH AB Contaminants such as nutrients, metals, and pesticides can interact with constructed wetlands and existing drainage ditches used as agricultural best-management practices. Our research has shown that the presence of macrophytes and a hydrologic regime aid in the transfer and transformation of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff. This study consisted of application of both atrazine (triazine herbicide) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) to vegetated and unvegetated microcosms in order to measure the fate and effects of pesticides applied at suggested field application rates. Exposures focused on monocultures of Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) and Juncus effusus (soft rush). Pesticide sorption was evident through concentrations of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in plant tissue as high as 2461.4 and 86.50 mu g/kg, respectively. Toxicity was measured in water from unvegetated microcosms for 28 days and in Chironomus tentans (midge larvae) exposed to sediment collected from 3 h to 56 days in microcosms receiving the pesticide combination. The comparative survival of test organisms in this study suggests that effective mitigation of pesticides from runoff can depend on the macrophyte contact and vegetative attributes associated with ditches. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 487-499, 2005. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. Mississippi Dept Environm Qual, Pearl, MS USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1002/tox.20137 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 970GH UT WOS:000232292800003 PM 16161102 ER PT J AU Zhao, SH Arthur, EL Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Zhao, SH Arthur, EL Moorman, TB Coats, JR TI Evaluation of microbial inoculation and vegetation to enhance the dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; atrazine; metolachlor; bioavailability; vegetation ID PESTICIDE-CONTAMINATED SOILS; HERBICIDE METOLACHLOR; PSEUDOMONAS SP; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATION; RHIZOSPHERE; STRAIN; PHYTOREMEDIATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIODEGRADATION AB Four greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of native prairie grasses and two pesticide-degrading bacteria to remediate atrazine and metolachlor in soils from agricultural dealerships (Alpha site soil, northwest Iowa, USA; Bravo site soil, central Iowa, USA). The Alpha soil contained a low population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms relative to the Bravo soil. Each soil freshly treated with atrazine or metolachlor was aged for a short or long period of time, respectively. An atrazine-degrading bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain J 14a; a metolachlor-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UA5-40; and a mixture of three native prairie grasses-big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), yellow Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans [L.] Nash), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)-were added to the soils after the soils were aged for long periods of time. The soils aged for short periods of time were treated with J 14a, the prairie grasses, or both after aging. The J 14a and the grasses significantly reduced the concentration of atrazine in Alpha soil when the soil was aged for a short period of time. However, these treatments had no statistically significant effect when the soil was aged for a long period of time or on atrazine in Bravo soil. Inoculation with UA5-40 did not enhance metolachlor dissipation in either soil, but vegetation did increase metolachlor dissipation. Our results indicate that the dissipation of atrazine by J 14a is affected by the presence of indigenous atrazine-mineralizing microorganisms and probably by the bioavailability of atrazine in the soil. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Medtox Labs, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. Bayer Corp, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coats, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcoats@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2428 EP 2434 DI 10.1897/04-533R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 969VU UT WOS:000232264400005 PM 16268144 ER PT J AU Hile, AG Burley, NT Coopersmith, CB Foster, VS Striedter, GF AF Hile, AG Burley, NT Coopersmith, CB Foster, VS Striedter, GF TI Effects of male vocal learning on female behavior in the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL SELECTION; CONTACT CALLS; MATE CHOICE; SONG; BIRDS; PSITTACIDAE; IMITATION; PASSERINE; AUDIENCE; FLOCK AB Parrots are unusual among birds and animals in general in the extent of their ability to learn new vocalizations throughout life and irrespective of season. The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), a small parrot that is well suited for laboratory studies, has been the subject of numerous studies investigating the neurobiology of vocal learning. To date, few studies have focused on the function of vocal imitation by parrots. Previous work from our research group has shown that vocal imitation in budgerigars is sex-biased, as males paired with females learn vocalizations from their new mates, but not vice versa. This bias led us to hypothesize that vocal learning has a reproductive function. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, we tutored males so that they could produce a call similar to one shared by a group of experimental females. The experimental females were then presented with one of the tutored males and another, equally unfamiliar, male that had not been tutored. We found that the females spent a greater proportion of time in proximity of, and made more affiliative displays toward, the tutored males. In the second experiment, seven males received small bilateral brain lesions that disrupt vocal learning. These males and an equal number of control males were then released into an aviary containing females and reproductive resources. We found that lesioned and control males were equally successful in obtaining social mates, but females mated to lesioned males were more likely to engage in extra-pair activities. These experiments indicate that a male's ability to imitate a female's call can influence the sexual behavior of the female even though lack of imitation ability does not appear to influence social pairing. We hypothesize that mate choice in budgerigars has multiple stages. Upon meeting a strange male, a female quickly assesses its ability for social acquisition of calls by the presence or absence of a call type similar to its own in its repertoire. As courtship proceeds into pair formation, the female assesses the ability of male to learn more directly by the extent of the male's perfection of imitation. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Neurobiol Learning & Memory, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Hile, AG (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS,Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ahile@monell.org NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 10 BP 901 EP 923 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01105.x PG 23 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 965LH UT WOS:000231951500003 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, AL Felder, DL Neigel, JE AF Bilodeau, AL Felder, DL Neigel, JE TI Population structure at two geographic scales in the burrowing crustacean Callichirus islagrande (Decapoda, Thalassinidea): Historical and contemporary barriers to planktonic dispersal SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Callichirus islagrande; gene flow; larval dispersal; open versus closed populations; phylogeography; population structure ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY CLINE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HIGH GENE FLOW; MARINE POPULATIONS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MUTATION-RATES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MIGRATION RATES AB There has been much recent interest in the extent to which marine planktonic larvae connect local populations demographically and genetically. Uncertainties about the true extent of larval dispersal have impeded our understanding of the ecology and evolution of marine species as well as our attempts to effectively manage marine populations. Because direct measurements of larval movements are difficult, genetic markers have often been used for indirect measurements of gene flow among marine populations. Here we examine data from allozymes, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and microsatellite length polymorphisms to assess the extent of gene flow among populations of the burrowing crustacean Callichirus islagrande. All three types of markers revealed a genetic break between populations separated by the Louisiana Chenier Plain. The extent of mitochondrial sequence divergence across this break indicates that the nominal species, C. islagrande, consists of at least two lineages that have been reproductively isolated for about a million years. Within the eastern lineage microsatellite allele frequencies were significantly heterogeneous among populations as little as 10 km apart. Maximum likelihood estimates of gene flow and effective population size based on a coalescent model for the microsatellite data indicated that local populations are nearly closed. A model-based clustering method identified four or five groups from the microsatellite data, although individuals sampled from each location generally consisted of mixtures of these groups. This suggests a mechanism that would lead to genetic differentiation of open populations: gene flow from different source populations that are themselves genetically distinct. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Bilodeau, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abilodeau@ars.usda.gov; jneigel@louisiana.edu NR 112 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2005 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2125 EP 2138 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 979KR UT WOS:000232941400007 PM 16405158 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Pettis, JS AF Evans, JD Pettis, JS TI Colony-level impacts of immune responsiveness in honey bees, Apis mellifera SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE American foulbrood; antimicrobial peptide; ecological immunity; innate immunity; life-history trade-off; Paenibacillus larvae ID AMERICAN FOULBROOD DISEASE; RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA; POLYANDRY; RESPONSES; INSECT; LARVAE; COSTS AB Social insects have evolved both communal and individual traits that reduce the impacts of their numerous parasites and pathogens. Among the individual traits, innate-immune responses have the potential to reduce both individual mortality and the spread of pathogens among colony members. An understanding of the costs and benefits of such responses can provide a more complete understanding of a primary risk of social life, horizontal disease transmission among colony members. Here we assess the impacts of individual immunity on colony-level disease in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies following exposure to an important bacteria] pathogen (Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, cause of the disease American foulbrood). Colony-level disease rates were negatively correlated with the immune responsiveness of colony members, as assessed by larval transcript levels for the gene encoding the antibacterial peptide abaecin. Concomitantly, colonies whose members mounted a stronger abaecin response showed significantly lower productivity, indicating a colony-level cost to this immune response. The results show considerable variation across colonies in an immune trait important for survival, and point toward a significant trade-off between this trait and colony productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov; pettisj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2005 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2270 EP 2274 DI 10.1554/05-060.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 979KR UT WOS:000232941400019 PM 16405170 ER PT J AU Baranowski, T Jago, R AF Baranowski, T Jago, R TI Understanding the mechanisms of change in children's physical activity programs SO EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE mediation; process evaluation; reach; dose; implementation; use ID INTERVENTION; FRAMEWORK; IMPACT; DIET AB There is a lack of understanding of why childhood physical activity interventions succeed or fail. A model is proposed that relates program process to mediating variables and outcomes. Using the model to design and evaluate interventions could result in a greater understanding of the mechanisms of children's physical activity behavior change and how to tailor programs to them. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baranowski, T (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176 NR 15 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0091-6331 J9 EXERC SPORT SCI REV JI Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1097/00003677-200510000-00003 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 978JH UT WOS:000232868900003 PM 16239832 ER PT J AU Johnson, SE Lauren, JG Welch, RM Duxbury, JM AF Johnson, SE Lauren, JG Welch, RM Duxbury, JM TI A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Nepal SO EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID BORON DEFICIENCY; MANGANESE; EXTRACTION; GROWTH; MOLYBDENUM; MATTER; COPPER; YIELD AB Soil deficiencies of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) limit crop production in Nepal. Improving the micronutrient status of plants would increase yield and increase micronutrient content of the seeds, leading to better nutrition of the progeny crop and to improved human micronutrient nutrition. The primary micronutrient problem in grain legumes is B deficiency, while in rice (Oryza sativa), Zn deficiency is more important, and wheat (Tritucum aestivum) suffers from both deficiencies. A series of field experiments was carried out over two seasons to compare soil fertilization and micronutrient seed priming as methods of improving Zn and B nutrition of each crop. "Micronutrient treatments were evaluated for their effect on grain yield and grain micronutrient content. Soil B fertilization increased B content of the grain of lentil (lens culinaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and wheat by a factor of two to five, while increasing the yield of chickpea only. Soil fertilization with Zn had no effect on yield of any crop, but resulted in a small increase in Zn in wheat grain. Sowing micronutrient-primed seeds had no effect on yield or micronutrient content of the progeny seeds in most cases. During the first season, the primed chickpea seeds failed to emerge at either site, causing complete yield loss, but this negative effect was not observed in the second season with similar priming treatments at nearby sites, and no effect of priming on yield was observed with any other crop in either season. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Johnson, SE (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, Crop Soil & Water Div, DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines. EM sarah.johnson@cgiar.org RI Beebout, Sarah/D-3610-2013 OI Beebout, Sarah/0000-0003-1276-6786 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0014-4797 J9 EXP AGR JI Exp. Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 427 EP 448 DI 10.1017/S00144479705002851 PG 22 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 976RC UT WOS:000232749900003 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Wunderlich, KM Holden, JM Exler, J Gebhardt, SE Haytowitz, DB Beecher, GR Doherty, RF AF Phillips, KM Wunderlich, KM Holden, JM Exler, J Gebhardt, SE Haytowitz, DB Beecher, GR Doherty, RF TI Stability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in frozen fresh fruits and vegetables SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folate; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; high-performance liquid chromatography; pteroylglutamic acid; fruit; vegetables; food composition; stability; sample preparation; spinach; broccoli; strawberries; bananas; potatoes; apples; oranges ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY HPLC; FOLIC-ACID CONTENT; FOODS; FOLATE AB The stability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in homogenized fresh fruits and vegetables representing samples for the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program was evaluated. Samples were homogenized in liquid nitrogen and 5MTHF was measured after 0, 2, 7, 30 days and then at 3-month intervals for a total of 12 months storage at -60 &PLUSMN; 5&DEG; C, utilizing extraction by a tri-enzyme treatment, purification by strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction, and quantification by reverse-phase HPLC. Method validation included analysis of a reference material and interlaboratory analysis of selected samples by HPLC and LC-MS. A canned spinach composite was assayed in each analytical batch to monitor inter-assay precision. No change in 5MTHF content was detected in any of the samples after 12 months. Concentrations ranged from < 10 μ g/100 g in bananas to > 100μ g/100 g in spinach. Relative standard deviations were generally < 7% within assay and < 11% between assays. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, 304 Engel Hall 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 92 IS 4 BP 587 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 927BD UT WOS:000229166500001 ER PT J AU Losso, JN Khachatryan, A Ogawa, M Godber, JS Shih, F AF Losso, JN Khachatryan, A Ogawa, M Godber, JS Shih, F TI Random centroid optimization of phosphatidylglycerol stabilized lutein-enriched oil-in-water emulsions at acidic pH SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lutein; macular degeneration; phosphatidylglycerol; emulsions; salad dressings; functional foods; diabetes ID MACULAR DEGENERATION; RESONANCE RAMAN; CAROTENOIDS; RISK; EYE; STERILIZATION; ZEAXANTHIN; PROTEINS; PIGMENT AB Lutein has been identified by various studies as a dietary compound that may help delay the onset of macular degeneration. Random centroid optimization was applied to design, prepare and characterize lutein-enriched oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing corn oil (15-25%), whey proteins (1.5-3.5%), phosphatidylglycerol (0.03-0.3%), KCl (80-100 mM), lutein (0.025-0.031%), and pH at 3.8-4.8. After nine experiments in the first random cycle and four experiments in the centroid cycle, optimal conditions for the preparation of stable lutein-enriched oil-in-water emulsion were: corn oil, 20%; whey proteins, 2%; phosphatidylglycerol, 0.157%; KCl, 93.7 mM; lutein, 0.0282%, and pH 4.55. The half life stability, stability index, and zeta potential values for freshly prepared emulsions were higher when stabilized with phosphatidylglycerol than with phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine-stabilized emulsions collapsed after heating at 90&DEG; C for 5 min. Emulsion parameters for phosphatidylglycerol-stabilized emulsions heated at 90&DEG; C for 5 min or stored at 4&DEG; C for 24 h were not significantly different from values obtained with freshly prepared emulsions. Lutein remained stable in fresh and heat-treated emulsions. The potential of phosphatidylglycerol and lutein as health enhancing bioactive compounds is discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Food Prot Biotechnol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Losso, JN (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Food Prot Biotechnol Lab, 111 Food Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlosso@lsu.edu NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 92 IS 4 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 927BD UT WOS:000229166500020 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Carr, MA Miller, RK King, DA Carstens, GE Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Hume, ME Beier, RC Elder, RO Nisbeta, DJ AF Anderson, RC Carr, MA Miller, RK King, DA Carstens, GE Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Jung, YS McReynolds, JL Hume, ME Beier, RC Elder, RO Nisbeta, DJ TI Effects of experimental chlorate preparations as feed and water supplements on Escherichia coli colonization and contamination of beef cattle and carcasses SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; Escherichia coli; experimental chlorate product; feed additive; water additive ID SODIUM-CHLORATE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; O157-H7 POPULATIONS; RUMEN CONTENTS; PREVALENCE; SLAUGHTER; INTERVENTIONS; REDUCTION; RESERVOIR; PRODUCT AB The effects of feed or water administration of experimental chlorate preparations on recovery of generic Escherichia coli and E coli O157:H7 from the gut, hide and carcasses of feedlot cattle were tested. Sixty-four naturally colonized cattle were randomly assigned to one of four feed treatments with or without a 12 It chlorate-containing water treatment. An analysis of variance revealed a main effect of feed treatment (P = 0.002) on generic E coli concentrations in feces collected before shipment to slaughter. Main effect means were 5.57, 4.75, 5.00 and 4.08 log(10)cfu/g for animals fed an experimental chlorate product at 0, 0.01% in last meal, 0.01% for last 5 d and 0.05% of body weight in last meal, respectively. A main effect of feed treatment was observed (P = 0.041) on generic E coli concentrations in feces collected at slaughter (means for the respective treatments were 4.92, 3.57, 3.98 and 3.20log(10)cfu/g) as well as on numbers of generic E coli recovered (P = 0.034) from hide swabs collected at the rump (means for the respective treatments were 4.86, 3.92, 3.87 and 4.06log(10)cfu./swab). A main effect of water treatment was observed (P < 0.016) on generic E. coli concentrations in rumen contents (3.44 vs. 2.72 cfulog(10)cfu/g for animals administered 0 or 2500ppm activechlorate ion, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed a main effect of feed treatment (P < 0.001) on the incidence of E coli O157:H7 recovered from feces collected at slaughter (75%, 33%, 20% and 25% for animals fed an experimental chlorate product at 0%, 0.01% in last meal, 0.01 % for last 5d and 0.05% of body weight in last meal, respectively). Animals exhibited no symptoms of chlorate toxicity and negative effects on feed or water intake or animal performance were not observed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM andersoii@ffsru.taiiiu.edu; rob_elder@seaboardpork.com NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2004.09.002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 909YN UT WOS:000227896700009 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL Vojta, SC AF Ganey, JL Vojta, SC TI Changes in snag populations in Northern Arizona mixed-conifer and Ponderosa pine forests, 1997-2002 SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE classification tree; coarse woody debris; snag dynamics ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; DYNAMICS AB Snags (standing dead trees) are important components of forests that contribute to ecological processes and provide habitat for many life forms. We monitored dynamics of snag populations on 1-ha plots in southwestern mixed-conifer (n = 53 plots) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, n = 60 plots) forests in north-central Arizona from 1997 to 2002. Of 2,240 snags marked in 1997, at least 76% remained standing in 2002, 17% had fallen and were relocated as logs, 0.5% were cut down, and the remainder (6%) were unaccounted for. Snag density increased significantly in mixed-conifer forest but not in ponderosa pine forest. Snag density increased mainly in the smaller size classes in both forest types. Density of large snags (>= 46 cm in diameter and 9 m in height) increased slightly but non significantly from 1997 levels in both forest types, and fell below current targets for retention. Species composition of snags differed between 1997 and 2002 in ponderosa pine forest, but not in mixed-conifer forest, and decay-class distributions differed among years in both forest types. A classification-tree analysis indicated that a ratio of height to diameter, species, and diameter were key variables in predicting whether a snag survived from 1997 to 2002. These results provide empirical data on snag populations and dynamics in this area and establish a basis for longer-term monitoring of snag populations and dynamics. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jganey@fs.fed.us; svojta@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 396 EP 405 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 972II UT WOS:000232447100002 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Romero-Severson, J Michler, CH AF Aldrich, PR Parker, GR Romero-Severson, J Michler, CH TI Confirmation of oak recruitment failure in Indiana old-growth forest: 75 years of data SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dbh; disturbance; edge effect; regeneration; size class; succession ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SUGAR MAPLE; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; SPATIAL-DISPERSION; REGENERATION; ILLINOIS; USA; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE AB We report on a long-term study of changes in the diameter distribution of red and white oaks in old-growth forest of Indiana. We expand the scope of a prior 50-year demographic study of a 20.6-ha stand by (1) extending the census period, (2) comparing diameter distributions in the large stand with those of a smaller (2.3-ha) stand, and (3) examining small-diameter ingrowth of red oaks into both stands. Oaks displayed bell-shaped or even-aged diameter distributions in 1926, suggesting a history of disturbance from timber removal, grazing, and fire. These exogenous disturbances were suppressed starting in 1917 with acquisition of the property by Purdue University. Subsequent censuses indicated considerable ingrowth of nonoak stems into both stands. Oaks that were mid-sized in 1926 gradually moved through the size classes and were replaced by younger individuals in the small stand but not in the center of the large stand. The survey of red oak saplings confirmed this pattern, revealing numerous recruits in the small stand but virtually none in the large stand. These data support the view that oaks are failing to regenerate in part due to shade-intolerance and a waning disturbance regime in the large stand interior. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA,Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), Benedictine Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5700 Coll Rd, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. EM paldrich@ben.edu; grp@fnr.purdue.edu; jromeros@nd.edu; cmichler@fnr.purdue.edu RI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/B-5259-2011 OI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/0000-0003-4112-7238 NR 63 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 406 EP 416 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 972II UT WOS:000232447100003 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Williams, MS Stahl, G Ducey, MJ AF Gove, JH Williams, MS Stahl, G Ducey, MJ TI Critical point relascope sampling for unbiased volume estimation of downed coarse woody debris SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-HEIGHT; LOG VOLUME; TREES AB Critical point relascope sampling is developed and shown to be design-unbiased for the estimation of log volume when used with point relascope sampling for downed coarse woody debris. The method is closely related to critical height sampling for standing trees when trees are first sampled with a wedge prism. Three alternative protocols for determining the critical sampling points on a log are presented and simulations are employed to suggest the most efficient protocol to use in practice. C1 Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management & Geomat, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jgove@fs.fed.us RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD OCT PY 2005 VL 78 IS 4 BP 417 EP 431 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpi040 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 965AR UT WOS:000231922600008 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Cheung, F Proctor, RH Butchko, RAE Zheng, L Lee, Y Utterback, T Smith, S Feldblyum, T Glenn, AE Plattner, RD Kendra, DF Town, CD Whitelaw, CA AF Brown, DW Cheung, F Proctor, RH Butchko, RAE Zheng, L Lee, Y Utterback, T Smith, S Feldblyum, T Glenn, AE Plattner, RD Kendra, DF Town, CD Whitelaw, CA TI Comparative analysis of 87,000 expressed sequence tags from the fumonisin-producing fungus Fusarium verticillioides SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium verticillioides; fumonisin; expressed sequence tag; EST; regulation; alternatively spliced isoforms; secondary metabolite; gene cluster; FUM20 ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; F-SP PLATANI; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; CERATO-PLATANIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; CLUSTER; TRANSCRIPTS AB Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) is a pathogen of maize worldwide and produces fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins that have been associated with several animal diseases as well as cancer in humans. In this study, we sought to identify fungal genes that affect fumonisin production and/or the plant-fungal interaction. We generated over 87,000 expressed sequence tags from nine different cDNA libraries that correspond to 11, 119 unique sequences and are estimated to represent 80% of the genomic complement of genes. A comparative analysis of the libraries showed that all 15 genes in the fumonisin gene cluster were differentially expressed. In addition, nine candidate fumonisin regulatory genes and a number of genes that may play a role in plant-fungal interaction were identified. Analysis of over 700 FUM gene transcripts from five different libraries provided evidence for transcripts with unspliced introns and spliced introns with alternative 3' splice sites. The abundance of the alternative splice forms and the frequency with which they were found for genes involved in the biosynthesis of a single family of metabolites as well as their differential expression suggest they may have a biological function. Finally, analysis of an EST that aligns to genomic sequence between FUM12 and FUM13 provided evidence for a previously unidentified gene (FUM20) in the FUM gene cluster. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. J Craig Venter Sci Fdn Joint Technol Ctr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM browndw@ncaur.usda.gov RI Jones, Cathy/A-7135-2011 OI Jones, Cathy/0000-0003-2844-2161 NR 49 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 10 BP 848 EP 861 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.06.001 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 969QE UT WOS:000232248800004 PM 16099185 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME AF Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME TI Phenotypic selection for dormancy introduced a set of adaptive haplotypes from weedy into cultivated rice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING SEED DORMANCY; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PREHARVEST SPROUTING RESISTANCE; DOMESTICATION-RELATED TRAITS; F-2 POPULATION; QTL ANALYSIS; GENE FLOW; BARLEY; WHEAT AB Association of seed dormancy with shattering, awn, and black hull and red pericarp colors enhances survival of wild and weedy species, but challenges the use of dormancy genes in breeding varieties resistant to preharvest sprouting. A phenotypic selection and recurrent backcrossing technique was used to introduce dormancy genes from a wild-like weedy rice to a breeding line to determine their effects and linkage with the other traits. Five generations of phenotypic selection alone for low germination extremes simultaneously retained dormancy alleles at five independent QTL, including qSD12 (R-2 > 50%), as determined by genome-wide scanning for their main and/or epistatic effects in two BC4F2 Populations. Four dormancy loci with moderate to small effects colocated with QTL/genes for one to three of the associated traits. Multilocus response to the selection suggests that these dormancy genes are cumulative in effect, as well as networked by epistases, and that the network may have played a "sheltering" role in maintaining intact adaptive haplotypes during the evolution of weeds. Tight linkage may prevent the dormancy genes from being used in breeding programs. The major effect of qSD12 makes it an ideal target for map-based cloning and the best candidate for imparting resistance to preharvest sprouting. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Biosci Res Lab, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Biosci Res Lab, USDA ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM gux@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2005 VL 171 IS 2 BP 695 EP 704 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.043612 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 982XF UT WOS:000233194500024 PM 15972459 ER PT J AU Raman, H Zhang, KR Cakir, M Appels, R Garvin, DF Maron, LG Kochian, LV Moroni, JS Raman, R Imtiaz, M Drake-Brockman, F Waters, I Martin, P Sasaki, T Yamamoto, Y Matsumoto, H Hebb, DM Delhaize, E Ryan, PR AF Raman, H Zhang, KR Cakir, M Appels, R Garvin, DF Maron, LG Kochian, LV Moroni, JS Raman, R Imtiaz, M Drake-Brockman, F Waters, I Martin, P Sasaki, T Yamamoto, Y Matsumoto, H Hebb, DM Delhaize, E Ryan, PR TI Molecular characterization and mapping of ALMT1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE aluminum; tolerance; genetic marker; Triticum aestivum; QTL; deletion mapping ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; ROOT APICES; RFLP MARKERS; AL TOLERANCE; D GENOME; BARLEY; RICE; IDENTIFICATION; TOXICITY AB The major aluminum (M) tolerance gene in wheat ALMTI confers an Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMTI gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1. I of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined. Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated rnalate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1. C1 CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NSW Ctr Agr Genom, Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. NSW Dept Primary Ind, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Mol Plant Breeding CRC Western Node, SABC, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Dept Agr, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Charles Sturt Univ, Farrer Ctr, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. Okayama Univ, Res Inst Bioresources, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. RP Ryan, PR (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Peter.Ryan@csiro.au RI SASAKI, Takayuki/B-2518-2011; Delhaize, Emmanuel/I-6536-2013; RAMAN, HARSH/N-8891-2016; Maron, Lyza/B-5644-2008; OI SASAKI, Takayuki/0000-0001-8534-1346; RAMAN, HARSH/0000-0001-9761-1518; Maron, Lyza/0000-0001-6475-2357; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 56 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 781 EP 791 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 995EA UT WOS:000234082400003 PM 16391684 ER PT J AU Chikmawati, T Skovmand, B Gustafson, JP AF Chikmawati, T Skovmand, B Gustafson, JP TI Phylogenetic relationships among Secale species revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Secale; phylogenetic relationship ID GENUS SECALE; CULTIVATED RYE; AFLP; POACEAE; TRITICEAE; EVOLUTIONARY; ORIGIN; BARLEY; RFLPS AB Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data were utilized to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among 29 accessions representing 14 of the most commonly recognized ranked species or subspecies in the genus Secale. We observed 789 AFLP markers of 1130 fragments utilizing 18 P-/M- and E-/M- primer combinations. All polymorphic fragments were used to construct phenetic and phylogenetic trees. The resulting phenogram and cladogram had similar tree topologies. Cluster analysis showed that Secale sylvestre was the most distantly related to all other ryes. Annual forms were grouped together, and the perennial forms appeared more closely related to each other. This suggested that life cycle could have played an important role in determining the relationships among Secale species. Secale sylvestre was considered to be the most ancient species, whereas Secale cereale was the most recently evolved species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis clearly separated all Secale species into only 3 major species groups, within the genus Secale: S. sylvestre, Secale montanum (syn. Secale strictum) for perennial forms, and S. cereale for annual forms. This study demonstrated that the AFLP approach is a useful tool for discriminating species differences, and also gave a much better resolution in discerning genetic relationships among Secale species as compared with previous studies using other approaches. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, Dept Biol, Bogor 16144, Indonesia. Nord Gene Bank, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pgus@missouri.edu NR 36 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 792 EP 801 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 995EA UT WOS:000234082400004 PM 16391685 ER PT J AU Mullan, DJ Platteter, A Teakle, NL Appels, R Colmer, TD Anderson, JM Francki, MG AF Mullan, DJ Platteter, A Teakle, NL Appels, R Colmer, TD Anderson, JM Francki, MG TI EST-derived SSR markers from defined regions of the wheat genome to identify Lophopyrum elongatum specific loci SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Lophopyrum elongatum; expressed sequence tags (EST); simple sequence repeat (SSR); EST-SSR; synteny; alien introgression ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DWARF VIRUS; WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; COMPARATIVE GENETICS; ALIEN CHROMATIN; BREAD WHEAT; BARLEY; RESISTANCE AB Lophopyrum elongatitin, a close relative of wheat. provides a source of novel genes for wheat improvement. Molecular markers were developed to monitor the introgression of L. elongatum chromosome segments into hexaploid wheat. Existing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) derived from genomic libraries were initially screened for detecting L. elongotum loci in wheat, but only 6 of the 163 markers tested were successful. To increase detection of L. elongatum specific loci, 165 SSRs were identified from wheat expressed sequence taus (ESTs), where their chromosomal positions in wheat were known from deletion bin mapping. Detailed sequence analysis identified 41 SSRs within this group as potentially superior in their ability to detect L. elongation loci. BLASTN alignments were used to position primers within regions of the ESTs that have sequence conservation with at least I similar EST from another cereal species. The targeting of primers in this manner enabled 14 L. elongatum markers from 41 wheat ESTs to be identified, whereas only 2 from 124 primers designed in random positions flanking SSRs detected L. elongatum loci. Addition and ditelosomic lines were used to assign all 22 markers to specific chromosome locations in L. elongatitin. Nine of these SSR markers were assigned to hornoeologeous chromosome locations based on their similar position in hexaploid wheat. The remaining markers mapped to other L. elongatum chromosomes indicating a degree of chromosome rearrangements, paralogous sequences and (or) sequence variation between the 2 species. The EST-SSR markers were also used to screen other wheatgrass species indicating further chromosome rearrangements and (or) sequence variation between wheatgrass genomes. This study details methodologies for the generation of SSRs for detecting L. elongatum loci. C1 Dept Agr & Value Added Wheat Cooperat Res Ctr, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia. Dept Agr & Mol Plant Breeding Cooperat Res Ctr, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Murdoch Univ, WA State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. RP Francki, MG (reprint author), Dept Agr & Value Added Wheat Cooperat Res Ctr, Locked Bag 4, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia. EM mfrancki@agric.wa.gov.au RI Teakle, Natasha/B-1166-2011; Colmer, Timothy/A-9994-2011 OI Colmer, Timothy/0000-0002-3383-9596 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 811 EP 822 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 995EA UT WOS:000234082400006 PM 16391687 ER PT J AU Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH AF Magilligan, FJ Nislow, KH TI Changes in hydrologic regime by dams SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Binghamton International Gromorphology Symposium CY OCT 12-13, 2002 CL Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA SP Minist Educ, Sci Sport Republic Slovenia HO Bloomsburg Univ Penn DE dams; riparian; hydrologic regime; floods; low flow AB Dams have major impacts on river hydrology, primarily through changes in the timing, magnitude, and frequency of low and high flows, ultimately producing a hydrologic regime differing significantly from the pre-impoundment natural flow regime. This paper presents the analysis of pre- and post-darn hydrologic changes from dams that cover the spectrum of hydrologic and climatic regimes across the United States. Our overall goals are to document the type, magnitude, and direction of hydrologic shifts because of impoundment. Using the entire database for the National Inventory of Dams (NID) for dams possessing longstanding U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages downstream, we identified 21 gage stations that met length-of record criteria encompassing an array of types of dams and spanning four orders of magnitude in contributing watershed area. To assess hydrologic changes associated with dams, we applied a hydrologic model, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (I HA), supplemented with orientation statistics for certain hydrograph parameters. Dams had significant impacts on the entire range of hydrologic characteristics measured by IHA. For many characteristics, the direction and significance of effects were highly consistent across the 21 sites. The most significant changes across these sites occurred in minimum and maximum flows over different durations. For low flows, the 1-day through 90-day minimum flows increased significantly following impoundment. The 1-day through 7-day maximum flows decreased significantly across the sites. At monthly scales, mean flows in April and May tend to decline while mean flows in August and September increase. Other significant adjustments included changes in annual hydrograph conditions, primarily in the number of hydrograph reversals that has generally increased for almost all sites following impoundment. The number of high pulses has increased following impoundment but the average length declines. The mean rate of hydrograph rise and fall has declined significantly. These results indicate that the major pulse of darn construction during the previous century has modified hydrologic regimes on a nationwide scale, for large and small rivers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Magilligan, FJ (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM magilligan@dartmouth.edu; knislow@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 227 Z9 233 U1 12 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.08.017 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 981AB UT WOS:000233058200005 ER PT J AU Chernoff, R AF Chernoff, R TI Lutein: A nutrient for the ages SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA, Human Nut Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. EM ChernoffRonni@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615000772 ER PT J AU Lombardo, NE Martin, A Volicer, L Bermudez, O Wu, B Castaneda-Sceppa, C Drebing, C Holmes, M Shea, T Zhang, X AF Lombardo, NE Martin, A Volicer, L Bermudez, O Wu, B Castaneda-Sceppa, C Drebing, C Holmes, M Shea, T Zhang, X TI Memory preservation diet to reduce risk and slow progression of Alzheimer's disease SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Bedford, MA USA. Univ S Florida, Land O Lakes, FL USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. W Virginia Univ, Ctr Aging, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. VAMC, ENR, Bedford, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. Greater Boston Chinese Golden Age Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2005 VL 45 SI 2 BP 351 EP 351 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 988QF UT WOS:000233615001028 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Emche, SD Johnson, EL George, K Reed, DR Sicher, RC AF Ziska, LH Emche, SD Johnson, EL George, K Reed, DR Sicher, RC TI Alterations in the production and concentration of selected alkaloids as a function of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature: implications for ethno-pharmacology SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atropine; jimson weed; nicotine; scopolamine; tobacco ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; ELEVATED CO2; CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT; HUMAN HEALTH; PLANTS; NICOTINE; SYLVESTRIS; ENRICHMENT; ALLOCATION; EXPOSURE AB The influence of recent and projected changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] with and without concurrent increases in air temperature was determined with respect to growth characteristics and production of secondary compounds (alkaloids) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.) over a ca. 50-day period. Rising [CO2] above that present at the beginning of the 20th century resulted in consistent, significant increases in leaf area, and above ground dry weight (both species), but decreased leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) in jimson weed. Increased temperature resulted in earlier development and increased leaf area for both species, but increases in above ground final dry weight were observed only for jimson weed. The secondary compounds evaluated included the alkaloids, nicotine, atropine and scopolamine. These compounds are generally recognized as having impacts with respect to herbivory as well as human physiology. Rising [CO2] reduced the concentration of nicotine in tobacco; but had no effect on atropine, and increased the concentration of scopolamine in jimson weed. However, because of the stimulatory effect of [CO2] on growth, the amount of all three secondary compounds increased on a per plant basis in both species. Temperature per se had no effect on nicotine or scopolamine concentration, but significantly increased the concentration and amounts of atropine per plant. Overall, the underlying mechanism of CO2 induced changes in secondary compounds remains unclear; however, these data suggest that the increase in [CO2] and temperature associated with global climate change may have significant effects not only with respect to herbivory, but on the production of secondary compounds of pharmacological impact. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1798 EP 1807 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001029.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971ND UT WOS:000232390200021 ER PT J AU Milchunas, DG Morgan, JA Mosier, AR LeCain, DR AF Milchunas, DG Morgan, JA Mosier, AR LeCain, DR TI Root dynamics and demography in shortgrass steppe under elevated CO2, and comments on minirhizotron methodology SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE belowground decomposition-production synchrony; belowground net primary production; carbon dioxide; drought; life span of roots; methods for belowground production; root diameter and branching; root turnover; semiarid grassland; water stress ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLANT WATER RELATIONS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; FINE ROOTS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; SOIL; RESPONSES; TURNOVER AB The dynamics and demography of roots were followed for 5 years that spanned wet and drought periods in native, semiarid shortgrass steppe grassland exposed to ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 treatments. Elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentrations resulted in greater root-length growth (+52%), root-length losses (+37%), and total pool sizes (+41%). The greater standing pool of roots under elevated compared with ambient CO2 was because of the greater number of roots (+35%), not because individuals were longer. Loss rates increased relatively less than growth rates because life spans were longer (+41%). The diameter of roots was larger under elevated compared with ambient CO2 only in the upper soil profile. Elevated CO2 affected root architecture through increased branching. Growth-to-loss ratio regressions to time of equilibrium indicate very long turnover times of 5.8, 7.0, and 5.3 years for control, ambient, and elevated CO2, respectively. Production was greater under elevated compared with ambient CO2 both below- and aboveground, and the above- to belowground ratios did not differ between treatments. However, estimates of belowground production differed among methods of calculation using minirhizotron data, as well as between minirhizotron and root-ingrowth methods. Users of minirhizotrons may need to consider equilibration in terms of both new growth and disappearance, rather than just growth. Large temporal pulses of root initiation and termination rates of entire individuals were observed (analogous to birth-death rates), and precipitation explained more of the variance in root initiation than termination. There was a dampening of the pulsing in root initiation and termination under elevated CO2 during both wet and dry periods, which may be because of conservation of soil water reducing the suddenness of wet pulses and duration and severity of dry pulses. However, a very low degree of synchrony was observed between growth and disappearance (production and decomposition). C1 Colorado State Univ, Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Daniel.Milchunas@ColoState.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 67 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1837 EP 1855 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001009.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971ND UT WOS:000232390200025 ER PT J AU Morgan, PB Bollero, GA Nelson, RL Dohleman, FG Long, SP AF Morgan, PB Bollero, GA Nelson, RL Dohleman, FG Long, SP TI Smaller than predicted increase in aboveground net primary production and yield of field-grown soybean under fully open-air [CO2] elevation SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric change; dry mass; elevated [CO2]; FACE; global change; glycine max; harvest index; plant growth; seed yield ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT FACE; GLYCINE-MAX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OZONE STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN; FUTURE; METAANALYSIS AB The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that atmospheric [CO2] will reach 550 ppm by 2050. Numerous assessments of plant response to elevated [CO2] have been conducted in chambers and enclosures, with only a few studies reporting responses in fully open-air, field conditions. Reported yields for the world's two major grain crops, wheat and rice, are substantially lower in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) than predicted from similar elevated [CO2] experiments within chambers. This discrepancy has major implications for forecasting future global food supply. Globally, the leguminous-crop soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is planted on more land than any other dicotyledonous crop. Previous studies have shown that total dry mass production increased on average 37% in response to increasing [CO2] to approximately 700 ppm, but harvestable yield will increase only 24%. Is this representative of soybean responses under open-air field conditions? The effects of elevation of [CO2] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported. This is the first FACE study of soybean (http://www.soyface.uiuc.edu) and the first on crops in the Midwest of North America, one of the major food production regions of the globe. Although increases in both aboveground net primary production (17-18%) and yield (15%) were consistent across three growing seasons and two cultivars, the relative stimulation was less than projected from previous chamber experiments. As in previous studies, partitioning to seed dry mass decreased; however, net production during vegetative growth did not increase and crop maturation was delayed, not accelerated as previously reported. These results suggest that chamber studies may have over-estimated the stimulatory effect of rising [CO2], with important implications on global food supply forecasts. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Edwin R Madigan Lab 379, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr,379 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 40 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1856 EP 1865 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001017.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971ND UT WOS:000232390200026 ER PT J AU Lopez, R Levi, A Shepard, BM Simmons, AM Jackson, DM AF Lopez, R Levi, A Shepard, BM Simmons, AM Jackson, DM TI Sources of resistance to two-spotted spider mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) in Citrullus spp. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; watermelon; breeding; germplasm; Tetranychus urticae; mite resistance ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; CULTIVATED WATERMELON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MELON APHID; ECOLOGY; ALEYRODIDAE; LANATUS; CUCURBITACEAE; COLOCYNTHIS AB The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), often causes serious damage to watermelon (Citrullus spp.), and there is a need to evaluate and identify watermelon germplasm resistant to T urticae. Watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus), and U.S. plant introduction (PI) accessions of C lanatus var. citroides and C. colocynthis, were evaluated for preference by T urticae (number of adults and eggs on leaves). In open-choice experiments in the greenhouse and in laboratory rearing cages, there was a significant preference by T. urticae for watermelon cultivars, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus PIs, and C lanatus var. citroides PIs over C colocynthis PIs. All watermelon cultivars and PIs were infested, but the C colocynthis PIs were significantly less infested with T urticae. The C colocynthis PIs may be useful sources for enhancing T urticae resistance in cultivated watermelon. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Costal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1663 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500021 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE AF Thompson, TE TI Pecan fruit shuck thickness is related to nut quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; breeding; genetics; nut quality AB Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] fruit presents a considerable weight for the tree to support during the growing season. A major part of this weight is due to the pecan shuck that surrounds the developing nut and kernel. Pecan clones vary considerably for the amount of shuck per nut, and little is known as to the value of this weight in determining final nut quality. Six cultivars differing in basic nut shapes and sizes were studied and found to vary greatly for shuck thickness, and weight of shuck per unit final nut weight and volume. Shuck thickness was shown to be a favorable genetic characteristic since fruit with thicker shucks had slightly greater nut fresh and dry weight, nut volume, nut density, kernel weight and content, and shuck weight per nut volume. 'Sioux' had the thickest shucks (4.70 mm), while 'Pawnee' had the thinnest shucks (3.72 mm). Fresh weight per fruit varied from 21.25 g for 'Podsednik' to 10.18 g for Osage. Weight of fruit per tree was extrapolated using average shuck and nut weights, and it was determined that the fruit on each tree would weigh about 104 kg. This is a considerable weight, and adds substantially to limb breakage. However, thicker shucks contribute to final nut quality. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1664 EP 1666 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500022 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Ruttencutter, G Smith, JP Keinath, AP AF Farnham, MW Ruttencutter, G Smith, JP Keinath, AP TI Hybridizing collard and cabbage may provide a means to develop collard cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; cytoplasmic male sterility; Acephala group ID UNITED-STATES AB Collard (Brassica oleracea L.Acephala Group) is a leafy green vegetable adapted to the southeastern United States. The number of commercially available collard cultivars is limited, and the most popular cultivars are susceptible to fusarium yellows, a disease that most cabbage (B. oleracea Capitata group) cultivars are resistant to. We hypothesized that hybrids of cabbage and collard would look more like collard, because heading of cabbage is at least partially recessive to the nonheading growth habit of collard. We also postulated that cabbage-collard hybrids might be used directly as collard cultivars. To test these postulates, cytoplasmic male sterile cabbage inbreds were crossed to different male fertile collard inbreds and hybrid seed was produced. Resulting cabbage-collard hybrids were compared to conventional collard cultivars in three replicated field trials in South Carolina. In all trials, cabbage-collard hybrids exhibited size and weight more similar to conventional collard than cabbage, and throughout most of the growing season the collards remained nonheading. In addition, the cabbage-collard hybrids were much more uniform than open-pollinated collard cultivars. Among cabbage-collard hybrids there was significant variation with some hybrids appearing more collard-like than others. The collard inbreds designated A and B may have the greatest potential for making promising cabbage-collard hybrids. Particular hybrids (i.e., A(3) or B-2), derived from these inbreds and tested in this study, can perform better than certain conventional collards and may serve as possible new cultivars of this vegetable crop. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seed Co, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. Clemson Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. Clemson Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1689 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500028 ER PT J AU Bohanec, B Jakse, M Sesek, P Havey, MJ AF Bohanec, B Jakse, M Sesek, P Havey, MJ TI Genetic characterization of an unknown Chinese bulbous leek-like accession and its relationship to similar Allium species SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium ampeloprasum; bulbous leek; great-headed garlic; karyotype; flow cytometry; GISH; DNA polymorphism ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; GENOME SIZE; AMPELOPRASUM; COMPLEX AB Bulbous leek-like plants are a poorly defined group usually assigned to the Allium ampeloprasum complex. Studies were initiated to determine the origin of an unusual bulbous accession received in Shanxi province in China, where it was used in diet as garlic but propagated by seeds, and to genetically compare this accession with morphologically similar plants from Europe. Genetic analyses included karyotypes and genomic in situ hybridization, pollination to leek, genome size determination and nuclear rDNA and plastid DNA polymorphisms. Results revealed that this agriculturally interesting accession from China is a so far unknown variant within tetraploid A. ampeloprasum cultivated taxa. We also observed that great-headed garlic did not share derived states in the chloroplast with leek, revealing that this cultivated plant does not possess the cytoplasm of leek or garlic, while its 1C genome size was 17% bigger than those of studied leek and bulbous-leek accessions. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Ctr Plant Biotechnol & Breeding, Ljubljana 1111, Slovenia. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bohanec, B (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Ctr Plant Biotechnol & Breeding, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana 1111, Slovenia. EM borut.bohanec@bf.uni-lj.si NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1694 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500029 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, JH TI Pollination potential of the bee Osmia aglaia for cultivated red raspberries and blackberries (Rubus : Rosaceae) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; brambles; cane fruit; fruit size; Megachilidae; pollinator ID HYMENOPTERA; FLOWERS; BIOLOGY; APIDAE AB A manageable cavity-nesting bee, Osmia aglaia Sandhouse (Apiformes: Megachilidae), was evaluated as a pollinator for cultivated red raspberry and blackberries. Floral visits by free-flying honey bees or by less numerous caged O. aglaia yielded red raspberry fruit ('Canby' and 'K81-6') of equivalent size. These fruit were 30% larger (1.9 g, 70 drupelets) than fruit from unvisited flowers. Female O. aglaia readily visited flowers of all eight diverse blackberry cultivars observed. For all of these cultivated Rubus, female O. aglaia were observed to invariably collect pollen while pivoting atop the brush of pistils, maximizing opportunities for pollen transfer. Within its native geographic range in western Oregon and California, this effective native pollinator could be a sustainably managed, economical bee for cultivated cane fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1705 EP 1708 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500032 ER PT J AU Kabir, Z Fennimore, SA Duniway, JM Martin, FN Browne, GT Winterbottom, CQ Ajwa, HA Westerdahl, BB Goodhue, RE Haar, MJ AF Kabir, Z Fennimore, SA Duniway, JM Martin, FN Browne, GT Winterbottom, CQ Ajwa, HA Westerdahl, BB Goodhue, RE Haar, MJ TI Alternatives to methyl bromide for strawberry runner plant production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria (x)ananassa; methyl bromide; iodomethane; 1,3-dichloropropene; dazomet; strawberry runner plant; strawberry yield; low elevation nursery; high elevation nursery ID CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; SOIL FUMIGATION; IODIDE; CHLOROPICRIN; FUMIGANTS; DAZOMET; SYSTEMS AB For years, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa L.) runner plant nurseries have relied on methyl bromide (MB) fumigation of soil to produce healthy transplants. Methyl bromide, however, has been phased out due to its environmental risks. The potential for alternative fumigants to replace MB was evaluated at low and high elevation strawberry nurseries in California. The alternative fumigant iodomethane plus chloropicrin (IMPic) and a nonfumigated control (NF) were compared to methyl bromide plus chloropicrin (MBPic) at a low elevation nursery (LEN) and at a high elevation nursery (HEN) near Susanville, Calif At a HEN near Macdoel, Calif., MBPic was compared to alternative fumigants IMPic, 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin mixture (Telone C35) followed by dazomet, chloropicrin (Pic) followed by dazomet and NF. Plants produced at the LEN were transplanted at the Macdoel HEN to measure the effects of soil fumigant history on plant health and runner plant production. Plants produced at both high elevation nurseries were evaluated for fruit yield and quality at two commercial fruit production sites in soils previously fumigated with MBPic or Pic. Runner plant production at the nurseries was similar in plots fumigated with either MBPic or alternative fumigants. All fumigation treatments had higher runner plant production than plants produced for two production cycles on NF soils. Generally, fruit yields from nursery plants produced on soils fumigated with IMPic, Pic followed by dazomet, or Telone C35 followed by dazomet, were similar to fruit yields from plants produced on MBPic fumigated soils. Overall, our results indicate that preplant soil treatments with IMPic, Pic followed by dazomet, and Telone C35 followed by dazomet, are potential alternatives to MBPic fumigation for strawberry runner plant nurseries. Fruit yields by plants in MBPic and Pic fumigated soils were comparable; however, they were more variable in Pic fumigated soils. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl bromide, methyl iodide (iodomethane), trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin), tetrahydro-3, 5-dimethyl-2 H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (dazomet). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sierra Cascade Nursery Inc, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM safennimore@ucdavis.edu NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1709 EP 1715 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500033 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Fellman, JK Mattheis, JP AF Rudell, DR Fellman, JK Mattheis, JP TI Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate to 'Fuji' apples enhances red coloration and affects fruit size, splitting, and bitter pit incidence SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; color; anthocyanin; bitter pit; maturation ID ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; CALCIUM; PACLOBUTRAZOL; ETHYLENE; QUALITY; PEEL AB Repeated preharvest applications of methyljasmonate (MJ) to 'Fuji' apple [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit were evaluated for impacts on peel color, size, fruit finish, and maturation. MJ treatments at 2 week intervals began 48 days after full bloom (DAFB) (early season) or 119 DAFB (late season) and fruit were harvested 172 DAFB. MJ treatment stimulated significant increases in peel red color following the initial application and thereafter. Early season MJ treatment reduced fruit diameter and length to diameter ratio but slowed softening and starch hydrolysis. Fruit receiving late season MJ treatments had increased incidence of bitter pit and splitting, shorter green life, and slower softening. Results suggest preharvest application of MJ impacts apple color development and other aspects of fruit quality. Chemical name used: methyl 3-oxo2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-acetate (methyl jasmonate). C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99146 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99146 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1760 EP 1762 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500044 ER PT J AU Webster, T Culpepper, A AF Webster, T Culpepper, A TI Eggplant tolerance to halosulfuron applied through drip irrigation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemigation; Cyperus esculentus; Cyperus rotundus; eggplant; methyl bromide alternative; plasticulture; purple nutsedge; Solanum melongena; yellow nutsedge ID NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; POLYETHYLENE FILM MULCH; BELL PEPPER; ROTUNDUS CONTROL; PEST-CONTROL; SOIL; HERBICIDES; TOMATO; MANAGEMENT AB Halosulfuron is an alternative to methyl bromide for managing nutsedges (Cyperus spp.) in several vegetable crops. Field studies were conducted to evaluate eggplant growth and yield when halosulfuron was applied through drip-irrigation before transplant at four rates (0, 26, 39, or 52 g(.)ha(-1) a.i.) or following transplant (26 g(.)ha(-1) applied 1, 2, or 3 weeks after transplant) in spring and fall crops in 2002 and 2003. Inverse linear relationships were observed between rate of halosulfuron and eggplant growth and rate of halosulfuron and eggplant yield. Halosulfuron at 52 g(.)ha(-1) reduced eggplant growth (crop height and canopy width) 19% to 22%. Eggplant fruit biomass at the first harvest was reduced 37% to 63% by halosulfuron applied before transplant. Eggplant was capable of recovering from the initial injury and there was no effect of halosulfuron rate on fruit biomass at the final harvest. Total season fruit biomass was reduced: 4% from halosulfuron at 39 g(.)ha(-1), while halosulfuron at 52 g(.)ha(-1) reduced fruit biomass 33%. Delay in application of halosulfuron to 3 weeks after transplant (WAT) resulted in <= 7% reduction in fruit biomass and number for the entire season. When halosulfuron was applied 1 WAT, fruit biomass at the first two harvests was reduced > 33%, however total season harvest from this treatment was > 99% of the yield from the nontreated control. This preliminary study indicates that halosulfuron injected through drip tape may have the potential to assist in the replacement of methyl bromide for nutsedge management in eggplant. However, there are many issues that must be addressed and studied before adopting this practice in eggplant. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1796 EP 1800 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500052 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Pataky, JK Nordby, JN Riechers, DE Sprague, CL Masiunas, JB AF Williams, MM Pataky, JK Nordby, JN Riechers, DE Sprague, CL Masiunas, JB TI Cross-sensitivity in sweet corn to nicosulfuron and mesotrione applied postemergence SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cultivar sensitivity; cytochrome P450; herbicide sensitivity; herbicide tolerance; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS CULTIVARS; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE; MAIZE; INBREDS; CHLORSULFURON; BENTAZON; HYBRIDS; PLANTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Nicosulfuron and mesotrione are herbicides from different chemical families with different modes of action. An association between the sensitivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) to nicosulfuron and mesotrione was observed when hybrids, inbreds, and S, families (S(2) plants)were evaluated for herbicide sensitivity infield trials. In 2003 and 2004, 50% and 53% of mesotrione-sensitive hybrids were sensitive to nicosulfuron compared with only 6% and 1% of mesotrione-tolerant hybrids that were sensitive to nicosulfuron. In trials with inbreds in 2003 and 2004, 88% and 78% of nicosulfuron-sensitive inbreds had some injury from mesotrione but 0% and 5% of nicosulfuron-tolerant inbreds were injured by mesotrione. Among S, families, 77% of the mesotrione-sensitive families were nicosulfuron-sensitive but only 5% of the mesotrione-tolerant families were sensitive to nicosulfuron. Segregation of S, families for response to mesotrione was not significantly different from a 1:2:1 pattern of sensitive: segregating: tolerant families (chi square value = 2.25, P = 0.324) which would be expected if sensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Segregation of S, families for response to nicosulfuron was 15:23:26 (sensitive: segregating: tolerant) which was slightly different from an expected 1:2:1 ratio (chi square value = 8.84, P = 0.012). Segregation of S, families probably was affected by the relatively small number of S2 plants sampled from each family. Similar responses of the S, families to nicosulfuron and mesotrione lead us to hypothesize that the same recessive gene is conditioning sensitivity to both herbicides. Possibly, this gene is common in the inbreds and hybrids that were sensitive in these trials. These hypotheses will be tested by examining segregation in S2 families and other segregating generations and by conducting tests of allelism among sensitive inbreds and inbred parents of sensitive hybrids. Chemical names: 2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone, (mesotrione); 2-[[[[(4,6-dimetboxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide, (nicosulfuron). C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1805 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500053 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Perry, KB AF Kimball, BA Nolte, DL Perry, KB TI Hydrolyzed casein reduces browsing of trees and shrubs by white-tailed deer SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foraging behavior; protein avoidance; repellent; wildlife damage ID MULE DEER; REPELLENTS; SEEDLINGS; DAMAGE AB Hydrolyzed casein (HC) and retail products that contain HC are evaluated as repellents to minimize deer damage to trees and shrubs. Three different experiments demonstrate that HC is an effective deer repellent. Technical-grade HC completely eliminated browse damage to evergreen shrubs (Gaultheria shallon Pursh.) and conifers (Thuja plicata Donn.) during the test periods. Retail sources of HC (concentrated baby formula powders) are not as effective as pure hydrolyzed protein, but do offer browse protection when alternative sources of browse are available. For nursery, orchard, and reforestation applications, HC is a promising deer repellent to minimize losses due to browse. For the private homeowner, a simple repellent formulated with glue and a HC-containing baby formula may offer considerable browse protection when alternative forage is available. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1810 EP 1814 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500055 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Neipp, P AF Obenland, D Neipp, P TI Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging allows early detection and localization of lemon rind injury following hot water treatment SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus limon; essential oil ID HEAT-INDUCED CHANGES; CHILLING INJURY; FRUIT; TEMPERATURE; OLEOCELLOSIS; GRAPEFRUIT; STORAGE; APPLES; DAMAGE AB Green lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) were imaged for chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) 30 minutes after immersion of the fruit into 55 degrees C water for 5 minutes to determine if CF could be used to identify areas of hot water-induced rind injury before the appearance of visible symptoms. Fluorescence was variable in intensity over the surface of the rind with defined areas of enhanced fluorescence being present that corresponded in shape and location with visible injury that later developed during 24 hours of storage. Images showing minimum fluorescence (F-0) and maximal fluorescence (F-m) provided the best image contrast between injured and noninjured areas of the rind. Total F-0 present in the image was closely correlated (r(2) = 0.87) with the area of rind injury present following storage. Holding the fruit under conditions of low humidity for 24 h before hot water treatment prevented both the formation of areas of enhanced fluorescence and the corresponding rind injury. Imaging of CF has potential as a means to identify areas of incipient rind injury in citrus to facilitate study of the causal mechanisms of postharvest rind disorders. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Qual, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Qual, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dobenland@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1823 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500057 ER PT J AU Qu, LP Wang, XP Chen, Y Scalzo, R Widrlechner, MP Davis, JM Hancock, JF AF Qu, LP Wang, XP Chen, Y Scalzo, R Widrlechner, MP Davis, JM Hancock, JF TI Commercial seed lots exhibit reduced seed dormancy in comparison to wild seed lots of Echinacea purpurea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; seed germination; plant selection and breeding ID L MOENCH SEEDS; PURPLE CONEFLOWER; GERMINATION; ANGUSTIFOLIA; ASTERACEAE; ETHEPHON; PALLIDA AB Seed germination patterns were studied in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 mu mol(.)m(-2.)s(-1)) or darkness at 25 degrees C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations., but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea. C1 Gaia Herbs Inc, Brevard, NC 28712 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Gaia Herbs Inc, 108 Isl Ford Rd, Brevard, NC 28712 USA. EM x0w@gaiaherbs.com FU NCCIH NIH HHS [R44 AT000771-01S1, R44 AT000771-02, R44 AT000771-03]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES012020, P01 ES012020-04] NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1843 EP 1845 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500062 PM 16429595 ER PT J AU Ramming, DW AF Ramming, DW TI 'Galaxy' peento peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; fruit breeding; cultivar; variety AB 'Galaxy' is being released by United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service to provide a fresh market, mid-season peento shaped peach that is larger, firmer and more attractive than 'Stark Saturn'. It ripens in late June in the Parlier area of the San Joaquin Valley of California. It has white flesh that is low-acid, sweet, melting and clingstone. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ramming, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dramming@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1921 EP 1922 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 964GO UT WOS:000231867500079 ER PT J AU Bilderback, TE Warren, SL Owen, JS Albano, JP AF Bilderback, TE Warren, SL Owen, JS Albano, JP TI Healthy substrates need physicals too! SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE container media; pine bark; sphagnum peat moss; sand; arcillite; physical properties ID MILLED PINE BARK AB Many research studies have evaluated potential organic and mineral container substrate components for use in commercial potting substrates. Most studies report results of plant growth over a single production season and only a few include physical properties of the substrates tested. Furthermore, substrates containing predominantly organic components decompose during crop production cycles producing changes in air and water ratios. In the commercial nursery industry, crops frequently remain in containers for longer periods than one growing season (18 to 24 months). Changes in air and water retention characteristics over extended periods can have significant effect on the health and vigor of crops held in containers for 1 year or more. Decomposition of organic components can create an overabundance of small particles that hold excessive amounts of water, thus creating limited air porosity. Mineral aggregates such as perlite, pumice, coarse sand, and calcined clays do not decompose, or breakdown slowly, when used in potting substrates. Blending aggregates with organic components can decrease changes in physical properties over time by dilution of organic components and preserving large pore spaces, thus helping to maintain structural integrity. Research is needed to evaluate changes in container substrates from initial physical properties to changes in air and water characteristics after a production cycle. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 747 EP 751 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600002 ER PT J AU Million, J Yeager, T Bryant, H Larsen, C Shook, J Albano, J AF Million, J Yeager, T Bryant, H Larsen, C Shook, J Albano, J TI Effects of slope and underlay on surface runoff of irrigation from woven polypropylene groundcloth SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drainage; geotextile; irrigation rate; leachate; overhead irrigation; plastic groundcover; fabric; runoff percentage ID WATER AB Woven polypropylene groundcloth is used extensively in plant nurseries as a permeable and durable surface for container plant production. To better understand the fate of overhead sprinkler irrigation water, we designed and constructed runoff platforms (2.7 m(2)) to measure runoff and leachate from single irrigation events as affected by slope and underlay substrates. Groundcloth-covered platforms at slopes of 1.5% and 11% were tested with each of five underlay treatments: no underlay, coarse sand, 50% coarse sand and 50% no underlay (CS50), gravel, and native sandy soil. We applied 0.9 cm of irrigation at 1.8 cm.h(-1) and determined runoff and leachate volumes. Runoff percentage [runoff x 100%/(runoff + leachate)] increased at the 11% slope for each underlay treatment. Mean (n = 10) runoff percentages (RP) for the 1.5% and 11% slopes were 0.5% and 15.7%, respectively, for no underlay, 0.1% and 1.1% for coarse sand, 0.1% and 0.7% for CS50, 0.7% and 2.5% for gravel, and 0.1% and 3.1% for native sandy soil. The low RP observed indicate that a high percentage of nutrients and agrichemicals associated with container leachate would move into the underlying substrate or soil rather than directly running off into surface waters. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Yeager, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, 1545 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tyeager@ifas.ufl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 772 EP 776 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600006 ER PT J AU Gilreath, JP Motis, TN Santos, BM Noling, JW Locascio, SJ Chellemi, DO AF Gilreath, JP Motis, TN Santos, BM Noling, JW Locascio, SJ Chellemi, DO TI Resurgence of soilborne pests in double-cropped cucumber after application of methyl bromide chemical alternatives solarization in tomato SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyperus; nutsedge; root-knot nematode; soil fumigant; 1,3-dichloropropene; pebulate; napropamide AB Field studies were conducted during four consecutive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) -cucumber (Cucumis sativus) rotations to examine the longterm residual effects of tomato methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne pests in double-cropped cucumber. Four treatments were established in tomato fields: a) nontreated control; b) MBr + chloropicrin (Pie) (67:33 by weight) at a rate of 350 lb/acre; c) tank-mixed pebulate + napropamide at 4 and 2 lb/acre, respectively, followed by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (83:17 by volume) at 40 gal/acre; and d) napropamide at 2 lb/acre followed by soil solarization for 7 to 8 weeks. Each of the following seasons, cucumber was planted in the same tomato plots without removing mulch films. For nutsedge [purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus)] densities, napropamide followed by solarization plots had equal control (<= 15 plants/m(2)) as MBr + Pic during all four cropping seasons. However, nematode control with solarization was inconsistent. Marketable yield data proved that fumigation in tomato fields with either MBr + Pic or pebulate + napropamide followed by 1,3-D + Pic had a long-term effect on double-cropped cucumber. C1 Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Gilreath, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 Cty Rd 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM bmsantos@ifas.ufl.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600010 ER PT J AU Gerik, JS AF Gerik, JS TI Drip-applied soil fumigation for freesia production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicin; iodomethane; furfural; cut flower ID METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; BOTANICAL AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; IODIDE; TOMATO; FUMIGANTS; IRRIGATION; EFFICACY; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE AB Field trials were conducted to test fumigants as alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) for production of hybrid freesia (Freesia x hybrida). One trial compared rates of 1,3-dichloropropene (DP) combined with chloropicrin (CP); the second trial compared iodomethane (IM) together with CP, DP:CP, and furfural with and without metham sodium; and the third trial compared rates and formulations of IM:CP to the standard MB:CP treatments. Most treatments reduced populations of Pythium spp. and controlled weeds compared to the untreated controls. Formulations of IM:CP reduced the incidence of disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Treatments of IM:CP performed as well as MB:CP, and treatments of DP:CP performed as well as IM:CP. Presently only the DP, CP and metham sodium formulations are registered for use on ornamental crops. Registration of the IM formulations will improve the options available to cut flower growers for management of plant pathogens and weeds. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Gerik, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 820 EP 824 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600015 ER PT J AU Narciso, J Plotto, A AF Narciso, J Plotto, A TI A comparison of sanitation systems for fresh-cut mango SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mango; sanitizers; fresh-cut; shelf life; quality parameters ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VEGETABLES; PRODUCE; SAFETY; FRUITS AB A comparison of sanitizers for fresh-cut mango (Mangifera indica cv. Keitt) was made. Mangos were obtained from a farm in Homestead, Fla., and stored at 15 degrees C until processed. Before cutting, fruit were dipped in solutions of either sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (200 ppm) or peroxyacetic acid (100 ppm). The cut pieces were dipped in acidified sodium chlorite (NaClO2) (200 ppm, pH 2.6) or dilute peroxyacetic acid (50 ppm) for 30 seconds. Resulting cut slices were placed in polystyrene clamshell food containers and stored at 5 degrees C for 21 days. Samples in the clamshells were tested for changes in microbial stability and for quality parameters every 7 days. Results showed that even though the fruit slices were sanitized after cutting, cut fruit microbial populations were related to the method of whole fruit sanitation. After 15-21 days in storage at 5 degrees C, cut slices from whole fruit sanitized with peroxyacetic acid that were subsequently treated with dilute peroxyacetic acid or acidified NaClO2 had less contamination [< 1 colony-forming unit (cfu) per gram] than samples cut from whole fruit sanitized with NaOCl (< 1000 to 3700 cfu/g). These data demonstrate that the method of whole :fruit sanitation plays a role in determining the cleanliness of the cut fruit. The!:e sanitizer systems (peroxyacetic acid on whole fruit followed by peroxyacetic acid or acidified NaClO2 on cut slices) effectively reduced microbial growth and kept microbial counts low on cut fruit surfaces for 21 days when compared to cut fruit slices from NaOCl-treated whole fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Narciso, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jan@citrus.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 837 EP 842 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600018 ER PT J AU Curry, E Jul, ZG Duan, YS AF Curry, E Jul, ZG Duan, YS TI Apple scab management assisted by postharvest tree defoliation with vegetable oil emulsion SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Malus; orchard management; organic; Venturia inaequalis ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; SOYBEAN OIL; PEACH; BLOOM; LEAF; UREA AB Vegetable oil emulsion (VOE) was applied to 'Gala' and 'Fuji' apple (Malus x domestica) trees after harvest to hasten defoliation and reduce apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Applied at 2%, 4%, or 6%, VOE applied to whole trees in the fall induced leaf drop, with the highest concentration causing the most defoliation. At the same concentration, VOE applied in early, mid, or late October had similar effects on leaf drop. VOE treatment reduced respiration and stimulated ethylene production in shoot tissue within 24 hours of application. None of the treatments affected tree hardiness during the winter, or shoot growth the following spring. Return bloom density was unaffected; however, VOE tended to delay anthesis by 2 to 5 days. Under controlled conditions, 'Gala' and 'Fuji' trees inoculated with scab spores developed 48% and 65% scab, respectively. VOE-induced defoliation reduced scab by 50% to 65%. VOE-induced defoliation plus manual leaf removal from the orchard floor, or VOE-induced defoliation in late fall (15 Oct.-15 Nov.) plus application of 5% lime sulfur in early spring, controlled scab to < 5% on both leaves and fruit. Neither lime sulfur nor urea applied in late fall at 2% induced defoliation or controlled scab. VOE at 4% plus 2% lime sulfur and/or 2% urea applied in late fall, however, defoliated 'Gala' trees effectively and controlled scab on fruit to < 7% the following spring. In the 'Fuji' planting, the combination of 4% VOE plus 2% lime sulfur and 2% urea reduced scab on fruit from 21% in controls to 0%. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Zengseji Chang, Zibo Zichuan Pingguo, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Curry, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 854 EP 858 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600021 ER PT J AU Miller, SS McNew, RW Barritt, BH Berkett, L Brown, SK Cline, JA Clements, JM Cowgill, W Crassweller, RM Garcia, ME Greene, DW Greene, GM Hampson, CR Merwin, I Miller, DD Moran, RE Rom, CR Roper, TR Schupp, JR Stover, E AF Miller, SS McNew, RW Barritt, BH Berkett, L Brown, SK Cline, JA Clements, JM Cowgill, W Crassweller, RM Garcia, ME Greene, DW Greene, GM Hampson, CR Merwin, I Miller, DD Moran, RE Rom, CR Roper, TR Schupp, JR Stover, E TI Effect of cultivar and site on fruit quality as demonstrated by the NE-183 regional project on apple cultivars SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Malus xdomestica; variety evaluation; fruit size; sensory characteristics ID GALA APPLES; PERFORMANCE; ROOTSTOCKS; GROWTH; TREES AB Cultivar and planting site are two factors that often receive minimal attention, but can have a significant impact on the quality of apple (Malus x domestica) produced. A regional project, NE-183 The Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars, was initiated in 1995 to systematically evaluate 20 newer apple cultivars on Malling.9 (M.9) rootstock across 19 sites in North America. This paper describes the effect of cultivar and site on fruit quality and sensory attributes at a number of the planting sites for the 1998 through 2000 growing seasons. Fruit quality attributes measured included fruit weight, length: diameter ratio, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness, red overcolor, and russet. Fruit sensory characteristics rated included crispness, sweetness, and juiciness, based on a unipolar intensity scale (where 1 = least and 5 = most), and acidity, flavor, attractiveness, and desirability based on a bipolar hedonic scale (where 1 = dislike and 5 = like extremely). All fruit quality and sensory variables measured were affected by cultivar. The two-way interaction of cultivar and planting site was significant for all response variables except SSC, TA, russet, crispness, and sweetness ratings. The SSC:TA ratio was strongly correlated with sweetness and acidity sensory rating, but was weakly correlated with flavor rating. The results demonstrate that no one cultivar is ideally suited for all planting sites and no planting site is ideal for maximizing the quality of all apple cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Guelph, Simcoe, ON, Canada. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Flemington, NJ USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Maine, Monmouth, ME USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Cornell Univ, Highland, NY USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM smiller@afrs.ars NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 886 EP 895 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 970NT UT WOS:000232317600027 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Dibble, ED AF Smiley, PC Dibble, ED TI Implications of a hierarchical relationship among channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities for restoration of channelized streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hierarchy theory; stream communities; channel form; instream habitat; channelization; stream restoration ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; SPECIES TRAITS; SCALE; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY; PERSPECTIVE AB Hierarchy theory provides a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of differently scaled processes on the structure of stream communities. Channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities appear to be hierarchically related, but the strength of the relationships among all components of this hypothesized hierarchy have not been examined. We sampled channel form, instream habitat, fishes, and macroinvertebrates in a channelized stream in Mississippi and Alabama to examine the hypothesis that a hierarchical relationship exists among channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities. Instream habitat, fishes, and macroinvertebrates were sampled in May, July, and September 2000. Measurements of channel form were obtained in July 2000. Mantel tests, multiple regressions, and correlation analyses were used to assess strength of the relationships among channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities. Positive correlations were observed between channel form and instream habitat, and correlations observed between these factors were the greatest observed in our study. Overall, fish and macroinvertebrate communities exhibited stronger relationships with instream habitat than with channel form. Species richness, evenness, and abundance tended to exhibit greater correlations with instream habitat, while species composition had greater correlations with channel form. We concluded that channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities were hierarchically related. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiley.50@osu.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 548 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-5447-9 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 976VF UT WOS:000232760900023 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C AF Grassi, D Necozione, S Lippi, C Croce, G Valeri, L Pasqualetti, P Desideri, G Blumberg, JB Ferri, C TI Flavanol-rich dark chocolate decreases blood pressure, improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the European-Council-for-Cardiovascular-Research CY OCT 14-16, 2005 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Council Cardiovasc Res C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015 OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD OCT PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 890 EP 890 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 973YR UT WOS:000232559000426 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Brown, DD Hoffer, RM AF Gallant, AL Brown, DD Hoffer, RM TI Automated mapping of Hammond's landforms SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE classification; digital elevation model (DEM); geographic information system (GIS); Hammond; landform; mapping terrain AB We automated a method for mapping Hammond's landforms over large landscapes using digital elevation data. We compared our results against Hammond's published landform maps, derived using manual interpretation procedures. We found general agreement in landform patterns mapped by the manual and the automated approaches, and very close agreement in characterization of local topographic relief. The two approaches produced different interpretations of intermediate landforms, which relied upon quantification of the proportion of landscape having gently sloping terrain. This type of computation is more efficiently and consistently applied by computer than human. Today's ready access to digital data and computerized geospatial technology provides a good foundation for mapping terrain features, but the mapping criteria guiding manual techniques in the past may not be appropriate for automated approaches. We suggest that future efforts center on the advantages offered by digital advancements in refining an approach to better characterize complex landforms. C1 Colorado State Univ, Remote Sensing & GIS Program, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gallant@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.848529 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 978TY UT WOS:000232897100003 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG AF Chen, PY Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG TI Spatial assessment of two widely used land-cover datasets over the continental US SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Global Land-Cover Characteristics (GLCC); National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DATA SETS AB Satellite-based land-cover datasets are required for various environmental studies. Two of the most widely used land-cover datasets for the U.S. are the National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) at 30-m resolution and the Global Land-Cover Characteristics (GLCC) at 1-km nominal resolution. Both datasets were produced around 1992 and were expected to contribute similar land-cover information. This study investigated the NLCD distribution within each of 11 GLCC classes at 1-km unit in ten U.S. states. Our analyses showed that the NLCD had similar spatial distribution as the GLCC for the classes of grassland, shrubland, as well as deciduous and evergreen forests. Meanwhile, the GLCC class of cropland and pasture was highly correlated to the NLCD classes of row crops and pasture/hay. The GLCC savanna was appropriately related to the NLCD grassland, pasture/hay, and deciduous forest. The NLCD classes of row crops, pasture, and deciduous forest mainly dominated the GLCC class of cropland/woodland mosaic. Spatial similarity was lower for the GLCC classes of mixed forest, wooded wetland, and cropland/grassland mosaic. In addition to the NLCD urban areas, the GLCC urban and built-up lands were consistently related to the NLCD vegetated areas due to the common mixture of urban and vegetated lands. A set of subclass land-cover information provided through this study is valuable to understand the degrees of spatial similarity for the global vegetated and urban-related classes in selected study areas. The results of this study provide great reference for interchanging less-detailed global land-cover datasets for detailed NLCD to support environmental studies. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM pchen@brc.tamus.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2396 EP 2404 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.854308 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 968WE UT WOS:000232192800024 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI Density-permittivity relationships for powdered and granular materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE density; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; dielectric mixture equations; permittivity; powdered materials; pulverized materials ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CONSTANT; DEPENDENCE; MIXTURE; MOISTURE; COAL; FREQUENCIES; FORMULA; SAMPLES; ROCKS AB Relationships between the permittivities of powdered or granular solid materials and their bulk densities (density of the air-particle mixture) are discussed. Linear relationships between functions of the permittivity and bulk density are identified that are useful in determining permittivity of solids from measurements of the permittivity of pulverized samples. The usefulness of several dielectric mixture equations for calculating solid material permittivity from measured permittivity of pulverized samples is also discussed. Results of testing linear extrapolation techniques and dielectric mixture equations on pulverized coal, limestone, plastics, and granular wheat and flour are presented. Recommendations are provided for reliable estimation of solid material permittivities or changes in permittivities of powdered and granular materials as a result of changes in their bulk densities. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2033 EP 2040 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.853346 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 971AZ UT WOS:000232354800046 ER PT J AU Bricker, AL Carey, VJ Wessels, MR AF Bricker, AL Carey, VJ Wessels, MR TI Role of NADase in virulence in experimental invasive group A streptococcal infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HYALURONIC-ACID CAPSULE; STREPTOLYSIN-O; PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; GLYCOHYDROLASE; PYOGENES; KERATINOCYTES; POPULATION; ENHANCE; DISEASE; MODEL AB Group A streptococci (GAS) produce several exoproteins that are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of human infection. Two such proteins, streptolysin O (SLO) and NAD(+)-glycohydrolase (NADase), have been shown to interact functionally as a compound signaling toxin. When GAS are bound to the surface of epithelial cells in vitro, SLO forms pores in the cell membrane and delivers NADase to the epithelial cell cytoplasm. In vitro, intoxication of keratinocytes with NADase is associated with cytotoxic effects and induction of apoptosis; however, the importance of NADase during infection of an animal host has not been established. We employed isogenic GAS mutants to assess the contribution of NADase activity to GAS virulence in vivo using mouse models of invasive soft-tissue infection and septicemia. In both models, mutant GAS that lacked NADase activity were significantly attenuated for virulence compared with the isogenic wild-type parent, confirming an important role for NADase in the infection of a host animal. A double mutant lacking SLO and NADase activity had an intermediate virulence phenotype, consistent with the hypothesis that SLO evokes a protective innate immune response. We conclude that NADase and SLO together enhance GAS virulence in vivo. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bricker, AL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM abricker@arserrc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI30040, R01 AI029952, AI30040, AI29952] NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6562 EP 6566 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6562-6566.2005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 967JN UT WOS:000232087600041 PM 16177331 ER PT J AU Maue, AC Waters, WR Davis, WC Palmer, MV Minion, FC Estes, DM AF Maue, AC Waters, WR Davis, WC Palmer, MV Minion, FC Estes, DM TI Analysis of immune responses directed toward a recombinant early secretory antigenic target six-kilodalton protein-culture filtrate protein 10 fusion protein in Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; T-CELL ANTIGENS; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; CALMETTE-GUERIN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MICE DEFICIENT; ESAT-6; BCG; MEMORY AB Cell-mediated immune responses are critical for protective immunity to mycobacterial infections. Recent progress in defining mycobacterial antigens has determined that region of difference 1 (RD1) gene products induce strong T-cell responses, particularly the early secretory antigenic target 6-kDa (ESAT-6) protein and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10). However, comprehensive analysis of the immune response towards these antigens is incompletely characterized. To evaluate recall responses to ESAT-6 and CFP10, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis-infected cattle were stimulated in vitro with a recombinant ESAT-6 (rESAT-6)-CFP10 fusion protein and compared to responses induced by M. bovis-derived purified protein derivative. Following antigenic stimulation, activation marker expression was evaluated. Significant proliferative responses (P < 0.05) were evident in CD4(+), CD8(+), immunoglobulin M-positive, and CD172a(+) cell fractions after 6 days of culture. Expression of CD25 and CD26 was increased (P < 0.05) on CD4(+), CD8(+), and gamma delta T-cell-receptor-positive cells. CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells also exhibited significant changes (P < 0.05) in expression of CD45 isoforms. Using a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay, it was determined that CD45R expression is downregulated (P < 0.05) and that CD45RO expression is upregulated (P < 0.05) on proliferating (i.e., activated) CD4(+) cells. Collectively, data indicate that recall immune responses directed toward the rESAT-6-CFP10 fusion protein or purified protein derivative are comparable and that recall to mycobacterial antigens correlates with a CD45RO(+) phenotype. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6659 EP 6667 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6659-6667.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 967JN UT WOS:000232087600052 PM 16177342 ER PT J AU Huntley, JF Stabel, JR Paustian, ML Reinhardt, TA Bannantine, JP AF Huntley, JF Stabel, JR Paustian, ML Reinhardt, TA Bannantine, JP TI Expression library immunization confers protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS JOHNES DISEASE; PE-PGRS PROTEINS; DAIRY HERDS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DNA VACCINES; VACCINATION; CATTLE; ANTIGENS; GENE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Currently, paratuberculosis vaccines are comprised of crude whole-cell preparations of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although effective in reducing clinical disease and fecal shedding, these vaccines have severe disadvantages as well, including seroconversion of vaccinated animals and granulomatous lesions at the site of vaccination. DNA vaccines can offer an alternative approach that may be safer and elicit more protective responses. In an effort to identify protective M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sequences, a genomic DNA expression library was generated and subdivided into pools of clones (similar to 1,500 clones/pool). The clone pools were evaluated to determine DNA vaccine efficacy by immunizing mice via gene gun delivery and challenging them with live, virulent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Four clone pools resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from mouse tissues compared to mice immunized with other clone pools and nonvaccinated, infected control mice. One of the protective clone pools was further partitioned into 10 clone arrays of 108 clones each, and four clone arrays provided significant protection from both spleen and mesenteric lymph node colonization by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The nucleotide sequence of each clone present in the protective pools was determined, and coding region functions were predicted by computer analysis. Comparison of the protective clone array sequences implicated 26 antigens that may be responsible for protection in mice. This study is the first study to demonstrate protection against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection with expression library immunization. C1 ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015; OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509; Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6877 EP 6884 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6877-6884.2005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 967JN UT WOS:000232087600077 PM 16177367 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ Specht, CA Tomoyasu, Y Lorenzen, MD Kanost, M Beeman, RW AF Arakane, Y Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ Specht, CA Tomoyasu, Y Lorenzen, MD Kanost, M Beeman, RW TI The Tribolium chitin synthase genes TcCHS1 and TcCHS2 are specialized for synthesis of epidermal cuticle and midgut peritrophic matrix SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; chitin synthase; RNAi; peritrophic matrix; cuticle ID EXPRESSION; CASTANEUM; CDNA; PARASITE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; BEETLE; FUNGI; RNAI AB Functional analysis of the two chitin synthase genes, TcCHS1 and TcCHS2, in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, revealed unique and complementary roles for each gene. TcCHS1-specific RNA interference (RNAi) disrupted all three types of moult (larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult) and greatly reduced whole-body chitin content. Exon-specific RNAi showed that splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 was required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b was required only for the latter. TcCHS2-specific RNAi had no effect on metamorphosis or on total body chitin content. However, RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, led to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/D-3061-2017 OI Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/0000-0001-9824-3454 NR 25 TC 134 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00576.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 963IV UT WOS:000231798600001 PM 16164601 ER PT J AU Wang, J Staten, R Miller, TA Park, Y AF Wang, J Staten, R Miller, TA Park, Y TI Inactivated mariner-like elements (MLE) in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mariner; transposable element; TE display; vectorette PCR; inverse PCR ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; GENOME; DROSOPHILA; TRANSFORMATION; SEQUENCE AB We isolated multiple copies of mariner-like element (MLE) from the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella, a key lepidopteran cotton pest. Although all the MLE sequences contain multiple mutations accumulated in their transposase coding region, the consensus sequence revealed a putative ancestral transposase encoding 339 amino acid residues with a D,D(34)D motif, and 36 bp inverted terminal repeats, belonging to the cecropia subfamily, and most similar to the MLE found in Antheraea species. Examining six different pink bollworm populations, we conclude that the MLE in PBW described in this study are ancient and are undergoing the process of accumulating inactivating mutations. This conclusion is supported by the patterns of polymorphisms revealed by genomic Southern hybridization, transposable element displays, and sequences from multiple MLE. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Decis Support & Pest Management Syst Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ypark@ksu.edu RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00585.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 963IV UT WOS:000231798600010 PM 16164610 ER PT J AU Hastrup, ACS Green, F Clausen, CA Jensen, B AF Hastrup, ACS Green, F Clausen, CA Jensen, B TI Tolerance of Serpula lacrymans to copper-based wood preservatives SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Serpula lacrymans; dry rot; copper tolerance; copper citrate; ACQ-D; NHA AB Serpula lacryinans, the dry rot fungus, is considered the most economically important wood decay fungus in certain temperate regions of the world, namely northern Europe, Japan, and Australia. Previously, copper-based wood preservatives were commonly used for pressure treatment of wood for building construction, but some decay fungi are known to be copper tolerant. In this study, soil-block tests were undertaken to clarify the effect of copper, copper citrate, and alkaline copper quaternary-type D (ACQ-D) on the decay capabilities of S. lacrymans compared with an alternative wood preservative not containing copper. Twelve isolates of the dry rot fungus S. lacrymans and four other brown-rot species were evaluated for weight loss on wood treated with 1.2% copper citrate, 0.5% ACQ-D, and 0.5% naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA). Eleven Out of 12 isolates of S. lacryinans were shown to be tolerant towards copper citrate. The ACQ-D and NHA preservatives, on the other hand, were both effective against the dry rot isolates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, Dept Microbiol, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Microbiol, Inst Biol, DK-1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM annech@bi.ku.dk; fgreen@fs.fed.us; cclausen@fs.fed.us; boje@bi.ku.dk RI Jensen, Bo/N-5082-2014 OI Jensen, Bo/0000-0002-0414-8999 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 56 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.iboid.2005.06.008 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981BJ UT WOS:000233061800006 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Kimball, BA AF Sterner, RT Kimball, BA TI Slow migration of capsicum oleoresin in a sandy loam soil SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE capsicum oleoresin; detection; migration; soil; spectrophotometry; absorbance AB A mixture of 16.47 +/- 0.038 L concentrated capsicum oleoresin with 163.8 +/- 3.63 L water and a total of 17.2 L concentrated soybean oil with 177.1 L water was dispensed over five 4.87 m x 4.87 m plots via a grid of 128 augured holes (approximate to 15 cm-diameter x approximate to 30cm deep) in a compacted, sandy loam soil. During the next 9 days, a total of 37 soil samples were obtained from these plots and other off-plot areas. Spectrophotometric analyses of dual aliquots of soil samples were performed to detect absorbance of capsaicin (lambda(max) at 282nm). Analysis of variance showed that absorbance readings from points of capsicum application (augured holes) were 30-fold greater than for samples obtained 30-40 cm distant (F = 19.2 1, df 1/4.22, p < 0.0 105). Soybean-oil plot and off-plot soil samples yielded negligible absorbance readings. Thus, capsicum oleoresin persisted for >= 10 days in this type of soil, but migration was minimal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 56 IS 3 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.07.003 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981BJ UT WOS:000233061800008 ER PT J AU Pozio, E Zarlenga, DS AF Pozio, E Zarlenga, DS TI Recent advances on the taxonomy, systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Trichinella; trichinellosis; taxonomy; epidemiology; phylogeny; systematics ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FOXES VULPES-VULPES; WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS; GENUS TRICHINELLA; HUMAN TRICHINOSIS; CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; SYLVATIC TRICHINOSIS; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AB Since Owen first described Trichinella as a human pathogen in 1835, the number of organisms comprising this genus has grown dramatically. Where it was once thought to be a monospecific group, this genus is now comprised of eight species and three additional genotypic variants that have yet to be taxonomically defined. Along with the growth in the genus and description of the parasites has come a concomitant increase in our understanding of the epidemiology and geographical distribution of these organisms. Recent expansion of the non-encapsulated group to include three species biologically defined by their unique host ranges encompassing mammals, birds and reptiles, has raised substantial questions as to the term, 'Trichinella-free' as it applies to geographical localities. A true appreciation of the adaptability of this genus to host and environmental selection factors, as well as its dissemination to the far reaches of the world can best be appreciated by reviewing what we know and what we hope to know about this ancient and elusive parasite. The review herein consolidates our current understanding of the taxonomy, epidemiology, and phylogeny of the genus Trichinella, and identifies areas where data are lacking and our knowledge requires additional clarification. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM pozio@iss.it NR 110 TC 86 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11-12 BP 1191 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.012 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 978VN UT WOS:000232901200005 PM 16153648 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Kimball, BA AF Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Kimball, BA TI Wheat basal crop coefficients determined by normalized difference vegetation index SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; COTTON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; CORN; FACE AB Crop coefficient methodologies are widely used to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for determining irrigation scheduling. Generalized crop coefficient curves presented in the literature are limited to providing estimates of ETc for "optimum" crop condition within a field, which often need to be modified for local conditions and cultural practices, as well as adjusted for the variations from normal crop and weather conditions that might occur during a given growing season. Consequently, the uncertainties associated with generalized crop coefficients can result in ETc estimates that are significantly different from actual ETc, which could ultimately contribute to poor irrigation water management. Some important crop properties such as percent cover and leaf area index have been modeled with various vegetation indices (VIs), providing a means to quantify real-time crop variations from remotely-sensed VI observations. Limited research has also shown that VIs can be used to estimate the basal crop coefficient (K (cb)) for several crops, including corn and cotton. The objective of this research was to develop a model for estimating K (cb) values from observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for spring wheat. The K (cb) data were derived from back-calculations of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures using field data obtained during two wheat experiments conducted during 1993-1994 and 1995-1996 in Maricopa, Arizona. The performance of the K (cb) model for estimating ETc was evaluated using data from a third wheat experiment in 1996-1997, also in Maricopa, Arizona. The K (cb) was modeled as a function of a normalized quantity for NDVI, using a third-order polynomial regression relationship (r(2)=0.90, n=232). The estimated seasonal ETc for the 1996-1997 season agreed to within -33 mm (-5%) to 18 mm (3%) of measured ETc. However, the mean absolute percent difference between the estimated and measured daily ETc varied from 9% to 10%, which was similar to the 10% variation for K (cb) that was unexplained by NDVI. The preliminary evaluation suggests that remotely-sensed NDVI observations could provide real-time K (cb) estimates for determining the actual wheat ETc during the growing season. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM dhunsaker@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 29 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0001-0 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 971GY UT WOS:000232373400001 ER PT J AU Jones, CY Wilson, IB Greenberg, AS Shevitz, A Knox, TA Gorbach, SL Spiegelman, D Jacobson, DL Ranke, C AF Jones, CY Wilson, IB Greenberg, AS Shevitz, A Knox, TA Gorbach, SL Spiegelman, D Jacobson, DL Ranke, C TI Insulin resistance in HIV-infected men and women in the nutrition for healthy living cohort SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE insulin resistance; HIV; nutrition for healthy living; NHANES III ID SENSITIVITY CHECK INDEX; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FASTING HYPERINSULINEMIA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE AB Objective: We evaluated insulin resistance (IR) in an HIV-infected cohort and compared our results with those of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we determined the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) in 378 nondiabetic participants in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study and evaluated the association of the QUICKI with demographic, socio-economic, body composition, lipid, liver function, HIV-associated factors (CD4 cell count, viral load, highly active antiretroviral therapy type, and years infected), and injection drug use. The prevalence of IR (QUICKI < 0.350) and the mean QUICKI were ascertained for nondiabetic persons aged 25 to 65 years in the NHANES III and compared with those in the NFHL study. Results: Protease inhibitor (PI) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) HAART were associated with worse IR in HIV-infected men. Greater waist circumference, triglycerides, age, and alanine aminotransferase were associated with worse IR, and higher high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and smoking were associated with less IR in the NFHL study; CD4 cell count, viral load, and years HIV infected were not associated with IR. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of IR in the NFHL study versus the NHANES III (51% vs. 47%; P = 0.27). NFHL participants were not more IR than NHANES III participants. Conclusions: IR in the NFHL study was quite common but not significantly different than in the NHANES III and was associated with similar factors as in the general population. PI HAART and NNRTI HAART were associated with worse IR in men. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Div Nutr & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jones, CY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Div Nutr & Infect Dis, 200 Harrison Ave,Posner 4, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM clara.jones@tufts.edu RI Wilson, Ira/F-9190-2016 OI Wilson, Ira/0000-0002-0246-738X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIAID NIH HHS [1 K24 AI055293, 5 P30 AI42853]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1P01DK45734-01A2, 1P01DK45734-06] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000165910.89462.2f PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 969NM UT WOS:000232241000013 PM 16186739 ER PT J AU Shevitz, AH Wilson, IB McDermott, AY Spiegelman, D Skinner, SC Antonsson, K Layne, JE Beaston-Blaakman, A Shepard, DS Gorbach, SL AF Shevitz, AH Wilson, IB McDermott, AY Spiegelman, D Skinner, SC Antonsson, K Layne, JE Beaston-Blaakman, A Shepard, DS Gorbach, SL TI Discussion of "comparison of clinical and cost-effectiveness of 3 intervention strategies for HIV wasting" Response to Hatoum and Walton SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EUGONADAL MEN C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Infect Unit, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Stamford Hosp, Dept Med, Stamford, CT USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr Sarcopenia & Exercise Physiol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. RP Shevitz, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Infect Unit, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Wilson, Ira/F-9190-2016 OI Wilson, Ira/0000-0002-0246-738X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000178411.08418.ee PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 969NM UT WOS:000232241000018 ER PT J AU Moore, GE Frana, TS Guptill, LF Ward, MP Lewis, HB Glickman, LT AF Moore, GE Frana, TS Guptill, LF Ward, MP Lewis, HB Glickman, LT TI Postmarketing surveillance for dog and cat vaccines: new resources in changing times SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; ADVERSE EVENTS; SAFETY; RISKS C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Pet Hosp, Portland, OR 97220 USA. RP Moore, GE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Guptill, Lynn/O-2881-2015; Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 7 BP 1066 EP 1069 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1066 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 969KD UT WOS:000232232100017 PM 16220664 ER PT J AU Schwab, PM Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK AF Schwab, PM Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK TI Germplasm variability and environmental effects on stem cellulose and lignin concentrations in alfalfa SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; forage quality; lucerne; Medicago sativa ssp sativa L ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; FORAGE QUALITY; DIGESTIBILITY; SELECTION; LEAVES; YIELD AB Stem cellulose and lignin concentrations are major determining factors of alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. sativa L.) forage quality. Only limited information is available on the genetic variability and the influence of environmental effects on these two stem-quality traits. Our objectives were to: evaluate the variability for stem cellulose and lignin concentrations in modern alfalfa germplasms across several harvests; observe the environmental stability of these two quality traits in 32 alfalfa clones selected high or low for either stem cellulose or lignin concentration; and examine the relationships between these two stem-quality traits and leaf and stem crude protein (CP). Fifty alfalfa entries (cultivars and experimental populations) were established May 1993, and sampled for stem acid-detergent lignin (ADL), stem acid-detergent cellulose (ADC), and stem CP on Sep 1993, June and Aug 1994. Clones were vegetatively propagated from individual plants selected for extremes in stem ADL and ADC and transplanted into blocks at two locations in May 1994 and sampled for quality analysis in September 1994. For all samples, leaves were hand-separated from stems and stem ADL, ADC, CP and leaf CP concentration were determined using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Entry differences for stem ADL and ADC were detected only at the June 1994 harvest date in the cultivar study. Spearman's ranked correlations over years in the clonal study demonstrated greater environmental stability for stem ADC (r = 0.70, P >= 0.01) than for stem ADL (r = 0.54, P # 0.05). Environmental effects had an impact on both traits, but stem ADC showed greater potential for improving forage quality. Simple correlations showed that decreasing stem ADL or ADC would have minimal effect on leaf CP and may increase stem CP. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 191 IS 5 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00163.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 968MW UT WOS:000232167600008 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Kim, KS Choi, BH Yoon, DH Jang, GW Lee, KT Chung, HY Lee, HY Park, HS Lee, JW AF Kim, TH Kim, KS Choi, BH Yoon, DH Jang, GW Lee, KT Chung, HY Lee, HY Park, HS Lee, JW TI Genetic structure of pig breeds from Korea and China using microsatellite loci analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic relationship; genetic structure; Korean native pig; microsatellite ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; FINITE POPULATION; PORCINE GENOME; LINKAGE MAP; DIVERSITY; REVEALS; MARKERS; DOMESTICATION; ALLELES AB To understand molecular genetic characteristics of Korean pigs, the genetic relationships of nine pig breeds including two Korean pigs (Korean native pig and Korean wild pig), three Chinese pigs (Min pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig), and four European breeds (Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) were characterized from a 16-microsatellite loci analysis. The mean heterozygosity within breeds ranged from 0.494 to 0.703. Across multiple loci, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in most pig breeds, except for two Chinese pigs (Min pig and Wuzhishan pig). This deviation was in the direction of heterozygote deficit. Across population loci, 36 of 144 significantly deviated (P < 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean F-ST, a measure of genetic divergence among subpopulations, of all loci indicated that 26.1% of total variation could be attributed to the breed difference. Relationship trees based on the Nei's D-A genetic distance and scatter diagram from principal component analysis consistently displayed pronounced genetic differentiation among the Korean wild pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig. Individual assignment test using a Bayesian method showed 100% success in assigning Korean and Chinese individual pigs into their correct breeds of origin and 100% exclusion success from all alternative reference populations at P < 0.001. These findings indicate that the Korean native pig has been experiencing progressive interbreeding with Western pig breeds after originating from a North China pig breed with a black coat color. Considering the close genetic relationship of Korean pigs to the Western breeds such as Berkshire and Landrace, our findings can be used as valuable genetic information for the preservation and further genetic improvement of the Korean native pig. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Livestock Res Inst, RDA, Anim Genom & Bioinformat Div, Suwon 441706, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Natl Livestock Res Inst, RDA, Anim Genom & Bioinformat Div, 560 Omockchun Dong, Suwon 441706, Gyeonggi, South Korea. EM kth6160@rda.go.kr NR 43 TC 51 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 83 IS 10 BP 2255 EP 2263 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PB UT WOS:000235848100002 PM 16160034 ER PT J AU Stone, RT Casas, E Smith, TPL Keele, JW Harhay, G Bennett, GL Koohmaraie, M Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Snelling, WM AF Stone, RT Casas, E Smith, TPL Keele, JW Harhay, G Bennett, GL Koohmaraie, M Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Snelling, WM TI Identification of genetic markers for fat deposition and meat tenderness on bovine chromosome 5: Development of a low-density single nucleotide polymorphism map SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine; carcass traits; haplotype; single nucleotide polymorphism ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; PALATABILITY TRAITS; HUMAN GENOME; CATTLE; CARCASS; ASSOCIATION; SEQUENCE; POPULATIONS; GROWTH AB As genetic markers, SNP are well suited for the development of genetic tests for production traits in livestock. They are stable through many generations and can provide direct assessment of individual animal's genetic merit if they are in linkage disequilibrium and phase with functional genetic variation. Bovine chromosome 5 has been shown to harbor genetic variation affecting production traits in multiple cattle populations; thus, this chromosome was targeted for SNP-based marker development and subsequent association analysis with carcass and growth phenotypes. Discovery of SNP was performed in a panel of 16 sires representing two sires from each of seven beef breeds and two Holstein sires by PCR amplification and sequencing using primers designed from genomic sequence obtained by low-coverage sequencing of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. From 550 SNP, 296 (54%) were tentatively identified as having a minor allele frequency > 10%. Forty-five SNP derived from 15 BAC were chosen based on minor allele frequency and were genotyped in 564 steers and their sires. Production and carcass data were collected on the steers as a part of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE), Cycle VII Project at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (Clay Center, NE), which involves of the evaluation of sires from seven of the most popular U.S. breeds. Haplotypes based on seven SNP derived from a BAC containing the bovine genes HEM1 and PDE1B were associated with traits related to carcass fat. Steers homozygous for the major haplotype had 0.15 +/- 0.04 cm less subcutaneous fat, 0.57 +/- 0.18 kg less rib fat, 0.18 +/- 0.07 lower yield grade, 1.11 +/- 0.35% less predicted fat yield, and 0.79 +/- 0.3% greater predicted retail product yield than heterozygotes. The frequency of the major haplotype was 0.70 in the steers, and it ranged from 0.44 (Limousin) to 0.98 (Simmental and Gelbvieh) in a panel consisting of an average of 20 purebred sires from each of the seven breeds. A second set of haplotypes based on four SNP derived from a BAC containing the genes NOL1 and CHD4 was associated with Warner-Bratzler shear force. Steers homozygous for the major haplotype had 0.27 +/- 0.11 kg greater shear force than those heterozygous for the major haplotype and one of two minor haplotypes. The frequency of the major haplotype was 0.59 in the steers and ranged from 0.27 (Hereford) to approximately 0.95 (Angus and Red Angus) in the panel of purebred sires. These results demonstrate the feasibility of targeting QTL regions for SNP-based marker development and that a low level of coverage can identify markers associated with phenotypic traits. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 83 IS 10 BP 2280 EP 2288 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PB UT WOS:000235848100005 PM 16160037 ER PT J AU Halbert, LW Kaneene, JB Mansfield, LS Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Wells, SJ Fossler, CP Campbell, AM Geiger-Zwald, AM AF Halbert, LW Kaneene, JB Mansfield, LS Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Wells, SJ Fossler, CP Campbell, AM Geiger-Zwald, AM TI Comparison of automated microbroth dilution and agar dilution for antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from dairy sources SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; epidemiological surveillance; C. jejuni ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; ANIMALS; CHICKENS; MICRODILUTION; INFECTION; MUTATIONS; HUMANS; ETEST AB Objectives: To compare the agreement between microbroth dilution and agar dilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni. Methods: Utilizing commercially prepared antimicrobial panels, microbroth dilution was compared with agar dilution for determining antimicrobial susceptibility in C. jejuni isolates. To assess the performance of both techniques for ampicillin, 190 C. jejuni isolates from dairy cattle were utilized. A group of 172 C. jejuni isolates from dairy sources were used to compare the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Results: Our results indicate that microbroth dilution and agar dilution agree within +/- 1 log(2) dilution for 86.7% of the isolates tested. Ciprofloxacin had the highest level of agreement for isolates tested by both techniques, resulting in a kappa of 0.886 and 97.1% agreement +/- 1 log(2) dilution. The least agreement was observed in determining the susceptibility of isolates to ampicillin and erythromycin (82.1 and 79.7% agreement +/- 1 log(2) dilution). However, kappa statistics were considered to have good agreement for these antimicrobials. There were no significant differences in the summary statistics for any of the five antimicrobials evaluated for the isolates analysed by the percentage of resistant isolates, MIC50, MIC75 or MIC90 beyond +/- 1 log(2) dilution. There was no association in the classification of resistance by the testing methods employed. We also demonstrated that the quality control strain of C. jejuni ATCC 33650 performed in a consistent manner for both agar dilution and microbroth dilution. Conclusions: Microbroth dilution may be an acceptable alternative to agar dilution for determining susceptibility of C. jejuni in research or surveillance where flow of samples, labour efficiency and cost may restrict the use of agar dilution. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, APHIS VS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kaneene, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Kaneene@cvm.msu.edu OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 56 IS 4 BP 686 EP 691 DI 10.1093/jac/dki309 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 970AT UT WOS:000232278300014 PM 16131517 ER PT J AU Blumstein, DT Fernandez-Juricic, E Zollner, PA Garity, SC AF Blumstein, DT Fernandez-Juricic, E Zollner, PA Garity, SC TI Inter-specific variation in avian responses to human disturbance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alert distance; conservation behaviour; detection distance; ecotourism; flight initiation distance; recreation ID FLIGHT-INITIATION DISTANCE; BLACK-BACKED GULLS; PREDATION RISK; BIRDS; TOLERANCE; BEHAVIOR; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; MORTALITY AB 1. Increasing urbanization and recreational activities around and within biodiversity hotspots require an understanding of how to reduce the impacts of human disturbance on more than a single species; however, we lack a general framework to study multiple species. One approach is to expand on knowledge about the theory of anti-predator behaviour to understand and predict how different species might respond to humans. 2. We reviewed the literature and found that only 21% of studies that used a behavioural approach to study human disturbance focused on multiple species. These studies identified a number of potential predictive variables. 3. We developed a simulation model that investigates interspecific variation in different parameters of disturbance with variation in human visitation. We found that fitness-related responses, such as the quantity of food consumed by a species, are relatively sensitive to the distance at which animals detect humans, the frequency of disturbance by humans and the interaction of these factors, but are less sensitive to other characteristics. 4. We examined avian alert distance (the distance animals first orientated to an approaching threat, a proxy for detection distance) across 150 species, controlling for phylogenetic effects. We found that larger species had greater alert distances than smaller species, which could increase local spatial and temporal limitations on suitable habitat with increasing human visitation. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that body size could be a potential predictor of responses to human disturbance across species, and could be used by managers to make conservation decisions regarding levels of human visitation to a protected site. We suggest that three things are essential to develop predictive models of how different species will respond to human disturbance. First, multiple indicators of disturbance should be studied to select those with lower intraspecific variation for a given study system. Secondly, the species-specific nature of responses should be identified. Thirdly, life history, natural history and other correlates with these species-specific responses must be assessed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Blumstein, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 621 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM marmots@ucla.edu RI Blumstein, Daniel/B-6199-2012; Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010; OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029; Blumstein, Daniel/0000-0001-5793-9244 NR 52 TC 132 Z9 148 U1 14 U2 103 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01071.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968DY UT WOS:000232143300018 ER PT J AU Bi, JL Castle, SJ Byrne, FJ Tuan, SJ Toscano, NC AF Bi, JL Castle, SJ Byrne, FJ Tuan, SJ Toscano, NC TI Influence of seasonal nitrogen nutrition fluctuations in orange and lemon trees on population dynamics of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; GWSS numbers; citrus; free amino acids; soluble proteins; citrus-GWSS interactions ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII POPULATIONS; AMINO-ACIDS; XYLEM FLUID; DIETARY NITROGEN; HOST PLANTS; LEAFHOPPER; CICADELLIDAE; PROTEIN; PREFERENCE; FASTIDIOSA AB The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) is a xylem feeder that develops conspicuous, year-round populations in many citrus-producing regions of California. Field studies were conducted in a combined lemon and orange orchard to determine the influence of changing amino acid concentrations on relative densities of GWSS. Nineteen protein amino acids were detected in xylem fluid of both lemon and orange trees. Although annual profiles of total and essential amino acids were similar for each citrus species, mean concentrations were consistently higher in lemons than in oranges for most of the year, except for one critical period in late winter-early spring when concentrations were higher in oranges. Principal component analysis followed by factor analysis was performed individually on lemon and orange data sets to identify a reduced number of orthogonal factors composed of amino acids having similar seasonal profiles. Four factors were identified for each citrus species that accounted for 85% and 79% of the total variation in the orange and lemon analyses, respectively. These were then examined with respect to shifts in GWSS numbers that occurred asynchronously in lemons and oranges over the annual population cycle. Three distinctive number shifts were identified that included a peak in adult numbers in lemons during August 2001, significantly higher numbers in lemons relative to oranges during midwinter, and finally an increase in oranges of both adults and nymphs during spring 2002. Various groups of amino acids, i.e., factors, displayed peak annual or elevated levels during the intervals when shifts in GWSS numbers were occurring. Soluble protein levels in oranges and lemons did not correspond to shifting GWSS numbers as certain amino acids. However, soluble protein levels were higher in oranges during late winter/early spring when GWSS adults were sexually active. Potential roles of these amino acids and proteins in GWSS host selection are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bi, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jianbi@citrus.ucr.edu NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2289 EP 2308 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7102-3 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969XK UT WOS:000232269000004 PM 16195844 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Leskey, TC Bergh, JC Walgenbach, JF AF Zhang, AJ Leskey, TC Bergh, JC Walgenbach, JF TI Sex pheromone of the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dogwood borer; Synanthedon scitula; sex pheromone; (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate; (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate; ( Z,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate; ( E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate; pheromone antagonist ID LESSER PEACHTREE BORER; MATING DISRUPTION; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; LEPIDOPTERA; SESIIDAE; APPLE; IDENTIFICATION; SCARABAEIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ORCHARDS AB The sex pheromone of female dogwood borers (DWB) Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) was determined to be an 88:6:6 ternary blend of (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z,Z-3,13-ODDA), (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E,Z-2,13-ODDA), and (Z,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z,E-3,13-ODDA) by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major sex pheromone component, Z,Z-3,13-ODDA, was attractive as a single component. A blend of Z,Z-3,13-ODDA with 1-3% of E,Z-2,13-ODDA (binary blend) was more attractive than the single component. A third component, Z,E-3,13-ODDA, was sometimes observed in GC-EAD analyses, and enhanced attraction to the binary blend in some field bioassays. Lures containing 1 mg of binary and ternary blends attracted 18 and 28 times more male DWB moths, respectively, than caged virgin females in field trials. Attraction was strongly antagonized by addition of as little as 0.5% of E,Z-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E,Z-3,13-ODDA). In a period of 12 wk in 2004, more than 60,000 males were captured in sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone blends in six apple orchards in Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Lure longevity trials showed that similar to 76% of the pheromone remained in rubber septum lures after 12 wk in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mtn Horticulture Res & Extens Stn, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2463 EP 2479 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7113-0 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969XK UT WOS:000232269000015 PM 16195855 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Agama, K Meyer, SLF Carta, LK Vinyard, BT AF Skantar, AM Agama, K Meyer, SLF Carta, LK Vinyard, BT TI Effects of Geldanamycin on Hatching and Juvenile Motility in Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean cyst nematode; Heterodera glycines; Caenorhabditis elegans; hatching; motility; behavior; eggs; geldanamycin; Streptomyces; Hsp90; biocontrol ID MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; IN-VITRO; STREPTOMYCES; HSP90; HORMESIS; STRESS; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; COMPLEX AB Several Streptomyces species are known to produce metabolites that inhibit plant pathogens. One such compound is geldanamycin (GA), a benzoquinone ansamycin originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. We examined the effect of geldanamycin on egg hatch and juvenile motility in Caenorhabditis elegans and in two populations of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. When C. elegans eggs were exposed to geldanamycin, both hatch and motility were reduced by GA doses between 2 and 50 mu g/ml. The H. glycines inbred populations TN17 and TN18 exhibited low dose stimulation of hatch and motility, whereas levels occurring at higher GA doses were at or below control levels. These experiments represent the first demonstration of geldanamycin effects in C. elegans and H. glycines and suggest that the heat shock chaperone Hsp90, the known molecular target of geldanamycin, may be involved in nematode egg hatch and motility. This study also indicates that geldanamycin-producing strains of Streptomyces may be useful as biocontrol agents for nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Skantar, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM skantara@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2481 EP 2491 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-7114-z PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969XK UT WOS:000232269000016 PM 16195856 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Gunn, SK Gundberg, CM Carpenter, TO AF Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Gunn, SK Gundberg, CM Carpenter, TO TI Relationships among vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone, and calcium absorption in young adolescents SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BONE MASS; FINNISH GIRLS; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; KINETICS; MINERALIZATION; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; RICKETS; DENSITY AB Background: Evidence suggests that vitamin D status in adults, as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), is positively associated with calcium absorption fraction and inversely associated with serum PTH. Few comparable pediatric data exist. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships among vitamin D status, PTH, and calcium absorption in mid-pubertal boys and girls. Methods: Calcium absorption was measured as part of an evaluation of the effects of prebiotics (inulin-type fructans) using a stable isotope method in 93 young adolescents, 12.7 1.0 yr of age, receiving diets averaging approximately 900 mg/d calcium. Results: A significant positive relation to calcium absorption was found for serum 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D( P = 0.048) and PTH( P = 0.007), but not for 25-OHD ( P = 0.77). PTH was significantly inversely related to 25-OHD and was positively related to serum 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin. PTH was marginally significantly inversely related to lumbar spinal, but not whole body, bone mineral density. Conclusions: These data suggest that in adolescents, especially in the presence of vitamin D insufficiency, PTH secretion increases to adapt to higher rates of bone formation associated with growth. This results in higher serum 1,25( OH)(2)D concentrations and increased calcium absorption results. Vitamin D status, as reflected by the serum 25-OHD level, is not closely related to calcium absorption. Whether adaptation to low serum 25-OHD is adequate under physiologically stressful situations, including those leading to very low serum 25-OHD levels, is unknown. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr,USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Endocrinol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr,USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000188, K01 RR000188, RR-00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-43740, R01 AR043740]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-K24-01288] NR 22 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 90 IS 10 BP 5576 EP 5581 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-1021 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 971FJ UT WOS:000232367400009 PM 16076940 ER PT J AU Karns, JS Van Kessel, JS McCluskey, BJ Perdue, ML AF Karns, JS Van Kessel, JS McCluskey, BJ Perdue, ML TI Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in bulk tank milk from US dairies as determined by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 survey; real-time polymerase chain reaction; Salmonella enterica ID RAW-MILK; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TYPHIMURIUM; PATHOGENS; CHEESE; PCR AB Samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the United States, taken as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit. Samples from 854 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in tetrathionate broth to amplify any salmonellae present, and DNA was isolated from the resulting biomass. One hundred one samples (11.8%) were shown to contain Salmonella enterica using the real-time PCR assay, whereas conventional culture techniques detected the pathogen in only 22 (2.6%) of the samples. A conventional PCR assay targeting a different gene from Salmonella enterica confirmed the presence of the organism in 94 of the real-time PCR-positive samples. Thus, assay of milk samples by real-time PCR indicates that the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in US bulk tank milk is substantially higher than previously reported. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Karns, JS (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM karnsj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3475 EP 3479 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 963VV UT WOS:000231835200011 PM 16162520 ER PT J AU Wenz, JR Garry, FB Lombard, JE Elia, R Prentice, D Dinsmore, RP AF Wenz, JR Garry, FB Lombard, JE Elia, R Prentice, D Dinsmore, RP TI Efficacy of parenteral ceftiofur for treatment of systemically mild clinical mastitis in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clinical mastitis; ceftiofur; therapy ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COWS; THERAPY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular (i.m.) ceftiofur (2.2 mg/kg) on important outcomes of systemically mild clinical mastitis episodes in lactating dairy cattle. Cows with clinical mastitis were randomly assigned to a treatment group: pirlimycin intramammary (i. m. m.) (n = 35), pirlimycin i. m. m. and ceftiofur i. m. m. ( n = 36), cephapirin i. m. m. ( n = 40), cephapirin i. m. and ceftiofur i. m. ( n = 33). Sixty-nine, 22, and 9% of initial cultures were gram-negative, gram-positive, and mixed, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between treatment groups and loss of quarter, recurrence, or culling. Mixed infections, positive milk culture at 7 d after leaving hospital pen, decreased rumen motility, and absence of udder firmness were associated with increased odds of mastitis recurrence. The results suggest that i. m. ceftiofur treatment has no beneficial effects on the outcome of systemically mild clinical mastitis. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, CEAH, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Wenz, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jrwenz@colostate.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3496 EP 3499 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 963VV UT WOS:000231835200014 PM 16162523 ER PT J AU Peterson, AB Orth, MW Goff, JP Beede, DK AF Peterson, AB Orth, MW Goff, JP Beede, DK TI Periparturient responses of multiparous Holstein cows fed different dietary phosphorus concentrations prepartum SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus requirement; periparturient cow; serum phosphorus ID DAIRY-COWS; MILK-PRODUCTION; PLASMA OSTEOCALCIN; PARTURIENT PARESIS; PHOSPHATE INTAKE; BONE; CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; PERFORMANCE; EXCRETION AB Our objective was to compare the effects of different prepartum dietary phosphorus concentrations on periparturient metabolism and performance. Forty-two late pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were fed 0.21, 0.31, or 0.44% P (dry basis) for 4 wk before expected calving. After parturition, all cows were fed a common lactation diet (0.40% P). In the prepartum period, cows fed 0.21% P had lower blood serum P concentrations compared with cows fed 0.31 or 0.44% P. However, serum P concentrations of all cows were within the normal range (4 to 8 mg/dL) until the day of calving when average concentrations dropped below 4 mg/dL. From 3 to 14 d postpartum, serum P of cows fed 0.21% P was greater than that of cows fed 0.31 or 0.44% P. No cows presented with or were treated for clinical hypophosphatemia in the periparturient period. Total serum Ca was lower before calving through 2 d postpartum for cows fed 0.44% P compared with those fed 0.21 or 0.31%. Prepartum dietary P treatments did not alter blood osteocalcin, hydroxyproline, and deoxypyridinoline, indicators of bone metabolism, or concentrations of parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. Energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition (first 28 d of lactation) were not affected by prepartum dietary P concentrations. It is concluded that feeding 0.21% P (34 g of P/cow daily) prepartum is adequate for periparturient multiparous Holstein cows with high metabolic demands and genetic potential for milk production. No adverse effects on periparturient health, dry matter intake, or 28-d lactation performance resulted. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Beede, DK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM beede@msu.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3582 EP 3594 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 963VV UT WOS:000231835200023 PM 16162532 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Keen, JE Edrington, TS Baumgard, LH Spicer, L Fonda, ES Griswold, KE Overton, TR VanAmburgh, ME Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Keen, JE Edrington, TS Baumgard, LH Spicer, L Fonda, ES Griswold, KE Overton, TR VanAmburgh, ME Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ TI Fecal prevalence and diversity of Salmonella species in lactating dairy cattle in four states SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; food safety; fecal prevalence ID UNITED-STATES; HERDS; OUTBREAK; FARM AB Salmonella is one of the most serious foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the United States, causing an estimated 1.3 million human illnesses each year. Dairy cows can be reservoirs of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella spp.; it is estimated that from 27 to 31% of dairy herds across the United States are colonized by Salmonella. The present study was designed to examine the occurrence of Salmonella spp. on dairies and to examine the serotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates on sampled dairies from across the United States. Fecal samples (n=60 per dairy) were collected from 4 dairies in each of 4 states for a total of 960 fecal samples representing a total population of 13,200 dairy cattle. In the present study, 93 of 960 samples (9.96%) collected were culture-positive for Salmonella enterica. At least one Salmonella fecal-shedding cow was found in 9 of the 16 herds (56%) and the within-herd prevalence varied in our study from 0% in 7 herds to a maximum of 37% in 2 herds, with a mean prevalence among Salmonella-positive herds of 17%. Seventeen different serotypes were isolated, representing 7 different Salmonella serogroups. There were 2 or more different serogroups and serotypes present on 7 of the 9 Salmonella-positive farms. Serotypes Montevideo and Muenster were the most frequent and widespread. From our data, it appears that subclinical colonization with Salmonella enterica is relatively common on dairy farms and is represented by diverse serotypes on US dairy farms. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Pomona, CA 91765 USA. Nutri Management Inc, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Anim Sci Food & Nutr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3603 EP 3608 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 963VV UT WOS:000231835200025 PM 16162534 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Sanders, AH Norman, HD TI Impact of estimated genetic correlations on international evaluations to predict milk traits SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bull evaluation; genetics; Interbull; international evaluation ID ACCURACY; BULLS AB The Interbull procedure for combining dairy bull evaluations uses estimated genetic correlations between countries. It is important to know whether the resulting difficulties from differences in ranking in each country are justified by improved accuracy relative to a system assuming unity correlations. Data submitted for the May 2001 yield and somatic cell score (SCS) Interbull evaluations were processed once with the usual estimated genetic correlations (E01) and again assuming these correlations to be essentially unity (0.995; U01). The 2 sets of resulting evaluations were compared with August 2004 national evaluations (N04) for bulls not having local evaluations used in the 2001 evaluations. Thus, the examination was of Interbull evaluations from foreign data in predicting national evaluations. Countries in the study for yield were Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States. Countries included for SCS were Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, The Netherlands, and the United States. For most countries' evaluations, standard deviations of differences between E01 or U01 and N04 were smaller for E01 by about 5 to 7% and correlations between E01 and N04 were higher by 0.01 or the same as for U01 and N04. Although use of estimated correlations tended to improve prediction, the advantage was small. A previous study had concluded no difference in accuracy for yield but did not include Australia and New Zealand, countries with the lowest correlations with other countries. Excluding bulls from those countries produced results for the other 8 countries more like the previous study, but still favoring E01 slightly. Those 2 countries were not in the SCS data. Estimated genetic correlations improved the prediction of future national evaluations slightly in most countries but more substantially for the evaluations and bulls of Australia and New Zealand. C1 Agr Res Serv, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rpowell@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 10 BP 3679 EP 3687 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 963VV UT WOS:000231835200034 PM 16162543 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO Royo, AA Van der Putten, WH Clay, K AF Reinhart, KO Royo, AA Van der Putten, WH Clay, K TI Soil feedback and pathogen activity in Prunus serotina throughout its native range SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black cherry; invasive species; macroecology; oomycetes; plant disease; plant-soil biota interactions; Prunus serotina; Pythium; soil-borne pathogens ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; BLACK-CHERRY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BORNE PATHOGENS; TREE; BIOTA; INVASIVENESS; COLONIZATION AB 1 Oomycete soil pathogens are known to have a negative effect on Prunus serotina seedling establishment and to promote tree diversity in a deciduous forest in Indiana, USA. Here, we investigate whether negative feedbacks operate widely in its native range in eastern USA. 2 In laboratory experiments, soil sterilization was used to test the net effect of soil biota (pathogens and mutualists) and fungicide treatments to test the effects of soil pathogens (oomycetes) on survival of P. serotina seedlings in soils from 22 P. serotina populations throughout the eastern USA. 3 In soil associated with P. serotina trees, there was a significant positive effect of both soil sterilization and fungicide on seedling survival. The two effects were positively correlated, suggesting that oomycetes were responsible for the observed mortality of seedlings in untreated soils relative to sterilized soils. 4 We determined the host-specificity of these interactions by comparing the effects of the soil biota associated with conspecific and heterospecific trees. There was no interaction between the effects of soil origin and soil sterilization, or of soil origin and fungicide, on seedling survival, although an effect of soil origin on the relative oomycete effect suggested that soil pathogens associated with conspecifics had a more negative influence than those from heterospecifics. 5 Fungicide treatment decreased pre-emergence mortality of P. serotina seedlings at two of three field sites in the northern USA. 6 The overall consistency between the laboratory experiments and the field experiment strongly suggests that oomycete soil pathogens have a negative effect on the survival of P. serotina seedlings throughout its native range in the eastern USA. 7 Soil-borne pathogens therefore appear to regulate the densities of a common tree species (P. serotina) at larger geographical scales than previously described, providing additional evidence of the important role that soil biota play in regulating plant populations and structuring plant communities. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NERS, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Terr Ecol, Multitroph Interact Dept, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM kureinha@indiana.edu RI Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010; van der Putten, Wim/C-3707-2011; Clay, Keith/C-8730-2012 OI van der Putten, Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; NR 39 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 93 IS 5 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01028.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962MN UT WOS:000231737000004 ER PT J AU Wallis, CM Fleischer, SJ Luster, D Gildow, FE AF Wallis, CM Fleischer, SJ Luster, D Gildow, FE TI Aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) species composition and potential aphid vectors of plum pox virus in Pennsylvania peach orchards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; Prunus; Potyvirus; aphid-trapping ID ALATE APHIDS; TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY; SAMPLING METHODS; NORTH-AMERICA; HOMOPTERA; TRAPS; POPULATIONS; CLONES; POTATO AB Plum pox, an invasive disease recently identified in Pennsylvania stone fruit orchards, is caused by the aphid-transmitted Plum pox virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, PPV). To identify potential vectors, we described the aphid species communities and the seasonal dynamics of the dominant aphid species within Pennsylvania peach orchards. Aphids were trapped weekly in 2002 and 2003 from mid-April through mid-November within two central Pennsylvania orchards by using yellow and green water pan traps. In total, 42 aphid species were identified from both orchards over 2 yr. Within orchards, actual species richness ranged from 24 to 30 species. The Abundance Based Coverage Estimator predicted species richness to range from 30 to 36 species, indicating that trap catches were identifying most aphid species expected to occur in the orchard. Three species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis spiraecola Patch, and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were consistently dominant across locations and years. Orchard-trapped populations of these three species peaked in a similar chronological sequence each year. As expected, trap color influenced the total number and distribution of the predominate species collected. However, the same dominant species occurred in both yellow and green traps. Based on the seasonal population dynamics reported here and on published vector efficacy studies, the most probable significant PPV vector was identified as A. spiraecola. If the PPV pathogen escapes current quarantine or if subsequent reintroductions of PPV occur, these data will be useful for developing plum pox management strategies. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Wallis, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Wallis, Christopher/E-6432-2011 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1441 EP 1450 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700003 PM 16334309 ER PT J AU Wright, MS Raina, AK Lax, AR AF Wright, MS Raina, AK Lax, AR TI A strain of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for controlling subterranean termites SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alate; pathogenicity; dose response; field study; Formosan ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; SPORULATION; VIRULENCE AB Alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected after swarming in 2002 died within 48 h, and the cadavers were visibly infected with a fungus. Fungi were picked from the cadavers, transferred to media, and ultimately isolated to purity. The individual fungal cultures were then used to infect Formosan subterranean termite workers. A single fungal isolate, C4-B, taxonomically identified as Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff), was found to cause rapid mortality of Formosan subterranean termite alates. This is the first report of a biological control agent for termite alates. In initial experiments, C4-B was more lethal to both alates and workers compared with M. anisopliae strain ESC 1, previously marketed as the termite biocontrol agent BioBlast. Dose-response assays in which Formosan subterranean termite alates were exposed to a known concentration of C4-B spores revealed that 10(6) spores/mu l killed 100% of the alates in 3 d, both 10(5) and 10(4) spores/mu l in 6 d, 10(3) spores/mu l in 9 d, and 10(9) spores/mu l in 12 d. Assays with workers demonstrated that 10(6) and 10(5) spores/mu l killed 100% of the workers in 6 d. In an experiment to test the transfer of inoculum from infected workers to uninfected nestmates, 62.8% of the workers died in 21 d when only 20% of the workers had been inoculated. Mortality of alates caused by C4-B was tested at two field sites by dispersing fungal spores on grassy lawns and collecting alates from the treated areas. Alates thus infected showed 100% mortality by day 5, whereas only 64.8% of untreated control alates from the same collection area were dead on that day. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wright, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1451 EP 1458 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700004 PM 16334310 ER PT J AU Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA Fritts, R AF Arthurs, SP Lacey, LA Fritts, R TI Optimizing use of codling moth granulovirus: Effects of application rate and spraying frequency on control of codling moth larvae in Pacific Northwest apple orchards SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella granulovirus; commercial formulation; inundative biological control; persistence; apple ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CYDIA-POMONELLA; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; PERSISTENCE; OLETHREUTIDAE; WASHINGTON; EFFICACY AB New formulations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), granulovirus (CpGV) [family Baculoviridae, genus Granulovirus] are commercially available in North America. In field tests on apple (Malus sp. 'Delicious'), we compared different application strategies for CpGV (Cyd-X, Certis USA, Clovis, CA) used in full-season programs against high pest populations. In replicated single tree plots, three rates (0.073, 0.219, and 0.438 liter ha(-1)) and application intervals (7, 10, and 14 d) killed 81-99% of larvae in fruit and reduced the number of mature larvae recovered in tree bands by 54-98%. Although the proportion of deep entries declined by 77-98%, the amount of fruit injury was not reduced compared with controls. There was a statistical trend between increasing dosage and spray frequency intervals and virus effectiveness, but no interaction between these factors. In a commercial orchard, we assessed a standard (0.219 liter ha(-1)) and two reduced rates of the virus (0.146 and 0.073 liter ha(-1)) applied in a weekly spray program in replicated 0.2-ha blocks. In the first generation, fruit injury was reduced in virus-treated compared with three untreated blocks although the decrease was only significant at the standard rate. Mortality rates of larvae (in fruit) were >= 90%, dose dependent, and comparable with rates observed from individual trees sprayed with equivalent treatments in the previous study. Rates of larval mortality declined at all dosages (81-85%) in the first part of the second generation. Most damage and proportionally less mortality occurred in the upper canopy. High pest pressures and untreated blocks contributed to significant damage and the study was terminated early. These data suggest virus programs can be tailored according to the localized pest pressure, but it may not prevent economic damage in high-pressure situations. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Certis USD, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. RP Arthurs, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1468 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700005 PM 16334311 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Czokajlo, D AF Robacker, DC Czokajlo, D TI Efficacy of two synthetic food-odor lures for Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) is determined by trap type SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; fruit fly; attractants; AFF lure; BioLure ID FLY DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA LUDENS; FIELD-EVALUATION; WIND-TUNNEL; PUTRESCINE; AMMONIA; ATTRACTIVENESS; METHYLAMINE; VOLATILES; MIXTURE AB Sterile mass-reared Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were trapped in a citrus orchard by using multilure traps and cylindrical sticky traps baited with Advanced Pheromone Technologies Anastrepha fruit fly (AFF) lures or Suterra BioLure two-component (ammonium acetate and putrescine) MFF lures (BioLures). The cylinder trap/AFF lure combination was the best trap over the first 6 wk, the multilure trap/BioLure combination was best during weeks 6-12, and the multilure trap/AFF lure combination was best during the last 6 wk. The multilure trap/BioLure combination was best overall by 36% over the cylinder trap/AFF lure combination, and 57% over the multilure trap/AFF lure combination. Cylinder traps with BioLures were the least effective trap/lure combination throughout the experiment, capturing only half as many flies as cylinder traps with AFF lures. Captures with cylinder traps baited with either lure and multilure traps with BioLures were female biased, For the most part, both lures remained highly attractive and emitted detectable amounts of attractive components under hot field conditions for the duration of the 18-wk experiment. Total emission of ammonia was 4 times greater and 1-pyrroline at least 10 times greater from AFF lures compared with BioLures. Correlations of trap and lure performance with ammonia emission and weather were determined, but no conclusions were possible. Results indicate that BioLures would be the lure of choice in multilure or other McPhail-type traps and AFF lures would be superior with most sticky traps or kill stations that attract flies to outer (not enclosed) surfaces. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Adv Pheromone Technol, Marylhurst, OR 97036 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1517 EP 1523 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700013 PM 16334319 ER PT J AU Peck, SL McQuate, GT Vargas, RI Seager, DC Revis, HC Jang, EB McInnis, DO AF Peck, SL McQuate, GT Vargas, RI Seager, DC Revis, HC Jang, EB McInnis, DO TI Movement of sterile male Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera : Tephritidae) in a Hawaiian agroecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE melon fly; wide area control; mark-release-recapture ID MELON FLY DIPTERA; ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY; PSYTTALIA-FLETCHERI HYMENOPTERA; COQUILLETT DIPTERA; LATIFRONS DIPTERA; DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; HOST PLANTS; FLIES; DISPERSAL; PARASITOIDS AB The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, invaded the Hawaiian Island chain in 1895. In 1999, a program sponsored by the USDA-ARS to control melon fly and other tephritid pests in Hawaii over a wide area was initiated on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu. To control these flies in an areawide setting, understanding how flies move within the landscape is important. To explore the movement of this fly, we examined the movement of marked, male, sterile, laboratory-reared B. cucurbitae on the island of Hawaii in an agricultural setting. Two releases of dyed, sterile flies consisting of approximate to 15,000 flies, were released 6 wk apart. Released flies were trapped back by using Moroccan traps baited with a male attractant. These two releases suggest that in the Hawaiian agricultural areas where the areawide control is being sought, melon flies do not move extensively when there are abundant larval host and adult roosting sites. Over the course of this study, only one fly made it the maximum distance that we could detect fly movement (approximate to 2,000 m in 2 wk). From these data, it seems that the flies dispersed throughout the study area but then moved very little thereafter. This is very apparent in the second release where the recovery rate after the second week was still fairly high, suggesting that if there are plenty of host fields and roosting sites the flies are unlikely to move. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peck, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1550 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700016 PM 16334322 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Stark, JD Mackey, B Bull, R AF Vargas, RI Stark, JD Mackey, B Bull, R TI Weathering trials of Amulet cue-lure and Amulet methyl eugenol "attract-and-kill" stations with male melon flies and oriental fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fipronil; male annihilation; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; suppression ID MALE-ANNIHILATION; FLY DIPTERA; AREA; ERADICATION; ISLANDS; TRAPS; FORMULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; KAUAI AB Amulet C-L (cue-lure) and Amulet ME (methyl eugenol) molded paper fiber "attract-and-kill" dispensers containing fipronil were tested under Hawaiian weather conditions against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (melon fly) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (oriental fruit fly), respectively. In paired tests (fresh versus weathered), C-L dispensers were effective for at least 77 d, whereas ME dispensers were effective for at least 21 d. Thus, C-L dispensers exceeded, whereas ME dispensers did not meet the label interval replacement recommendation of 60 d. Addition of 4 ml of ME to 56-d-old ME dispensers restored attraction and kill for an additional 21 d. This result suggested the fipronil added at manufacture was still effective. By enclosing and weathering ME dispensers inside small plastic bucket traps, longevity of ME dispensers was extended up to 56 d. Fipronil ME and C-L dispensers also were compared, inside bucket traps, to other toxicants: spinosad, naled, DDVP, malathion, and permethrin. Against B. dorsalis, fipronil ME dispensers compared favorably only up to 3 wk. Against B. cucurbitae, fipronil C-L dispensers compared favorably for at least 15 wk. Our results suggest that fipronil C-L dispensers can potentially be used in Hawaii; however, fipronil ME dispensers need to be modified or protected from the effects of weathering to extend longevity and meet label specifications. Nonetheless, Amulet C-L and ME dispensers are novel prepackaged formulations containing C-L or ME and fipronil that are more convenient and safer to handle than current liquid insecticide formulations used for areawide suppression of B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae in Hawaii. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1551 EP 1559 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700017 PM 16334323 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Adamczyk, JJ West, S AF Zhu, YC Adamczyk, JJ West, S TI Avidin, a potential biopesticide and synergist to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins against field crop insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt; Biotin; synergism; Lepidoptera ID PLANT BUG HETEROPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; PESTS; STREPTAVIDIN; MISSISSIPPI AB A meridic diet was supplemented with avidin at various concentrations to determine its effects on growth and mortality of three lepidopteran insects: Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner). All insects were placed on diet immediately after hatching and observed until death or pupation occurred. At a concentration of 10 ppm, avidin bad little or no effect on growth and mortality compared with the control. However at a concentration of 100 ppm almost all tested insects were killed. H. zea was further tested by adding sublethal concentrations of Bt (Cry1Ac) in the diet containing avidin. The synergistic effect was significant, with mortality increasing to 44.4% over additive mortality (21.6%) of Bt and avidin. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1571 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700019 PM 16334325 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, AT TI Relationships of different cotton square sizes to boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) feeding and oviposition in field conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; boll weevil; feeding; oviposition; square size ID OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL; SPRING EMERGENCE; TEXAS; MANAGEMENT; FECUNDITY; TRAPS; FRUIT AB Feeding and oviposition preferences of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, for four different cotton square size classes in field conditions of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were studied during 2002 and 2003. Percentages of large (5.5-8-mm-diameter) squares used for oviposition and feeding were greater than pinhead or match-head squares. The preference for large squares as food and associated accelerated fecundity explain the substantial boll weevil population buildups that occur after large squares form. Medium-sized (3-5.5-mm-diameter) squares also were used but less than large squares. Feeding and oviposition on pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) and match-head (2-3-mm-diameter) squares were negligible. Although planting date did not affect oviposition or feeding preferences for squares larger than pinhead and match-bead sizes, the least amount of either damage to large squares was found in the earliest plantings during both years. This study indicates that pinhead and match-head squares, regardless of planting date, do not require pesticide applications to protect against boll weevil feeding and oviposition. C1 USDA ARS, APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, APMRU, 2413 E Highway, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1572 EP 1579 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700020 PM 16334326 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ Kegley, S Gibson, K Thier, R AF Bentz, BJ Kegley, S Gibson, K Thier, R TI A test of high-dose verbenone for stand-level protection of lodgepole and whitebark pine from mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae) attacks SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; pheromone; biological control; semiochemical; Dendroctonus ponderosae ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; TROPHIC LEVELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARK; SEMIOCHEMICALS; VOLATILES AB The efficacy of verbenone as a stand-level protectant against mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attacks was tested in lodgepole and whitebark pine stands at five geographically separated sites, including three consecutive years at one site. Forty and 20 high-dose pouches, with a verbenone emission rate up to 50 mg/d per pouch, were spaced in a grid pattern throughout 0.40-ha plots, replicated up to six times at each site. Although the verbenone treatment did not prevent beetles from dispersing through treated stands, attacking large-diameter trees most frequently, the overall number of trees attacked was, on average, reduced significantly compared with nontreated stands. in a few blocks each year, verbenone-treated plots had more attacked trees than controls. These blocks tended to have a large emerging beetle population, exceeding 140 previously attacked trees within the hectare including and surrounding the treated area. Additional research is needed on the behavioral role of verbenone in mountain pine beetle population dynamics and quantification of the infestation level above which treatment efficacy tends to be reduced. C1 USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84321 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Couer Alene, ID 83815 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Missoula, MT USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1621 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700025 PM 16334331 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Burns, RE Jenkins, CC Hibbard, KL Harris, DL Sivinski, JM Nigg, HN AF Hall, DG Burns, RE Jenkins, CC Hibbard, KL Harris, DL Sivinski, JM Nigg, HN TI Field comparison of chemical attractants and traps for Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Florida citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grapefruit; lures; McPhail; Multi-Lure; sterile release ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; MCPHAIL TRAPS; LOEW DIPTERA; RESPONSES; CAPTURE; METHYLAMINE; PUTRESCINE; AMMONIA AB Field studies in citrus were conducted to compare the following as attractants for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew): torula yeast-borax; propylene glycol (10%); a two-component lure consisting of ammonium acetate and putrescine; a two-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine; and a three-component lure consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine hydrochloride, and putrescine. Various combinations of these attractants in glass McPhail, plastic McPhail-type (Multi-Lure), and sticky panel traps were investigated in two replicated studies. In one study on wild flies, the most effective and least complex trap-lure combination tested was the Multi-Lure with propylene glycol baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine. This trap-lure combination captured significantly more female and male flies than the standard glass McPhail baited with torula yeast-borax in water. All of the trap-lure combinations were female biased, with an overall average of 80.8% (SEM 1.4) flies captured being female. A second study on laboratory-reared, irradiated flies indicated no significant differences among these trap-lure combinations with respect to number of flies recaptured, although rankings based on mean number of flies recovered per trap per day supported results of the first study. The percentage of flies recaptured that were female (83.0%, SEM 0.9) was statistically the same as in the first study. Weekly percentage recovery of flies during the second study was low, possibly due to our fly release strategy. Future release/recovery studies with laboratory-reared flies would benefit from some basic research on release strategies by using different trap densities and on relating recapture rates of laboratory-reared flies (nonsterile and sterile) to capture rates of wild flies. C1 USDA, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Caribbean Fruit Fly Certificat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34982 USA. USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1641 EP 1647 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700028 PM 16334334 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Chapman, PS AF Yee, WL Chapman, PS TI Effects of GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait concentrations on attraction, feeding, mortality, and control of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait; spinosad concentrations; attraction; feeding ID BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; FLIES DIPTERA; SPINOSAD BAIT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; POMONELLA DIPTERA; PROTEIN BAITS; RESPONSES; CHERRY; SUCROSE AB Effects of different concentrations of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait on attraction and feeding responses, mortality, and control of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined. In the laboratory, flies that had been exposed to sugar and yeast extract and then deprived of all food for 16-20 h were attracted to 40.0% GF-120, but not to 0.6 and 4.8% GF-120 (vol:vol). Nonstarved flies were not attracted to any concentration. Flies in the field were not attracted to 55.6% GF-120 on cherry leaves, and few flies fed on the bait. In the laboratory, males fed for shorter durations on and ingested lower amounts of 0.6% than 4.8 or 40.0% GF-120, but females fed equally on all concentrations. Spinosad in GF-120 was highly toxic to flies. Lethal concentrations(50) (LC50 values) of spinosad for starved flies at 1-4 d were 1.5-0.7 ppm. When gravid flies were exposed to cherries treated with 0.6, 4.8, and 40.0% CF-120, mortality was greater at each higher concentration, but none prevented oviposition. Field spray tests comparing 0.6, 4.8, and 40.0% GF-120 in 225 ml of spray per cherry tree resulted in 79-94% lower larval infestations than in controls, but no differences were seen among the concentrations. Evidence from this study indicates that fresh 40.0% GF-120 was attractive in the laboratory but that flies were not attracted to fresh GF-120 from far distances within trees, suggesting that suppression of populations is caused in large part by flies finding the bait through normal movement over large areas. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1654 EP 1663 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700030 PM 16334336 ER PT J AU Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL AF Oyediran, IO Hibbard, BE Clark, TL TI Western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) beetle emergence from weedy Cry3Bb1 rootworm-resistant transgenic corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MON863; glyphosate; grassy weeds; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ID TO-PLANT MOVEMENT; LARVAE COLEOPTERA; EGG VIABILITY; SEED MIXTURES; FECUNDITY; LONGEVITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESTABLISHMENT; INSECTICIDES; OVIPOSITION AB Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate western Corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera, virgifera LeConte, beetle emergence from individual pots containing glyphosate-tolerant transgenic corn, Zea mays L., expressing the Cry3Bb1 endotoxin from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (MON863), nontransgenic glyphosate-tolerant isoline corn, grassy weeds (giant foxtail, Setaria faberi R.A.W. Herrm; and large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), and combinations thereof infested with 40 neonate larvae. In the first two experiments, pots with corn and weed combinations were treated with glyphosate 5 d after larval infestation to kill the weeds. The third experiment was similar to the first two except that untreated corn-weed combinations were added. In all three experiments beetle emergence varied significantly. Beetle recovery generally did not vary between the nontransgenic, nontransgenic + weeds, and MON863 + weeds. Significantly more beetles were recovered from MON863 + weeds than MON863 alone or weeds alone. Beetle emergence from MON863 + weeds was likely enhanced by larvae that initially survived on weeds before application of glyphosate. Preliminary data indicated that fecundity was highest from beetles reared on nontransgenic isoline corn and fewer eggs were laid by beetles reared on MON863 alone. Egg viability was generally lowest from beetles reared on MON863. The implications of these results in relation to insect resistant management are discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Gene Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Oyediran, IO (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 1-87 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1679 EP 1684 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700033 PM 16334339 ER PT J AU Shuman, D Weaver, DK Larson, RG AF Shuman, D Weaver, DK Larson, RG TI Performance of an analytical, dual infrared-beam, stored-product insect monitoring system SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored-product insects; automated monitoring; detection; grain probe trap; infrared sensors ID GRAIN PROBE TRAPS; HOLE DENSITY; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; COUNTER; CAPTURE; WHEAT AB A system is described for automated monitoring of pest insects in stored grain. It provides quantitative data indicative of the species of detected insects and is self-calibrating to maintain reliable operation over time across adverse environmental and biological conditions. The system uses electronic grain probes, each with a dual infrared-beam sensor head providing orthogonal views of falling insects. Sensor analog signals are analyzed by an embedded microprocessor, and extracted waveform parameters are transmitted back to a central computer. Filtering algorithms recognize and eliminate false detections due to extraneous (nonfalling) insect activities and provide an indication of species based on body size. Laboratory test data provide species identification templates and an analysis of Montana field test data acquired in aerated and nonaerated bins demonstrates the effectiveness of the filtering algorithms. The described system technology has been licensed by OPIsystems, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and is commercially available as Insector. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. OPISyst Inc, Calgary, AB T2E 6MB, Canada. RP Shuman, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1723 EP 1732 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 971UQ UT WOS:000232410700040 PM 16334346 ER PT J AU Chen, JA AF Chen, JA TI Assessment of repellency of nine phthalates against red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) workers using ant digging behavior SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; repellency; dimethyl phthalate; diethyl phthalate ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGY AB Repellency of nine phthalates against red imported fire ant workers, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was evaluated using ant digging behavior. Test compounds included dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl, dihexyl, diheptyl, dioctyl, and dinonyl phthalates. The active ingredient was incorporated into sand within a liquid scintillation vial with an entry hole on the cap. Fire ant workers dug and removed sand from the vial through the entry hole. The differences in amount of sand removed from the treated and control vials were used to evaluate chemical repellency. Of the 9 phthalates, dimethyl and diethyl phthalates were most repellant to red imported fire ant workers. The minimum repellant concentration within 24 h was 100 ppm for both dimethyl and diethyl phthalates. C1 USDA ARS, Biol COntrol Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Chen, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol COntrol Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jianchen@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 368 EP 377 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 008CX UT WOS:000235018900002 ER PT J AU Cohen, AC Zeng, FR Crittenden, P AF Cohen, AC Zeng, FR Crittenden, P TI Adverse effects of raw soybean extract in artificial diet on survival and growth of Lygus hesperus Knight SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Miridae; biomass; survival; egg production; adult weight; soy protein profiles; insect diets ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SALIVARY-GLANDS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; L-LINEOLARIS; INHIBITORS; LYMANTRIIDAE; RESISTANCE; TRYPSIN; STAL AB Bioassays were conducted to examine the effects of raw soybean extract in artificial diet on the development, survival, adult weight and biomass accumulation of Lygus hesperus Knight. The diet containing raw soybean extract significantly reduced survival of L. hesperus. Total biomass per rearing unit and survival from eggs to adults were significantly less for L. hesperus fed diet containing raw soybean extract than it was for those fed heat-treated extract, diet with extraction buffer but no extract, or control (standard) diet. Development period, weight of individual adults, and egg production were not significantly different among the four treatments. However, development time was greater for the L. hesperus exposed to raw soy extract, and egg production, as well as individual adult weights, were consistently lower than those fed on the other treatments. Raw and autoclaved soy extracts were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SIDS-PAGE), revealing differences in protein banding patterns, including those from total protein and glycoprotein profiles. Activity of soy trypsin inhibitor (STI) also was measured in raw and heated samples, and it was determined that autoclaving greatly decreased the inhibition activity of this protein. The heat-based deactivation of STI, and the disappearance of most protein bands are most likely associated with the denaturation of proteins and formation of large aggregates that fail to migrate in an electrophoretic field. C1 USDA, REE, Arkansas Mississippi Biol Control & Mass Rearing, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Cohen, AC (reprint author), Inst Diet & Rearing Inst, LLC, 5622 N Calle Reina, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. EM idri@insectdiets.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 390 EP 400 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 008CX UT WOS:000235018900005 ER PT J AU Webb, RE White, GB Podgwaite, JD D'Amico, V Slavicek, J Swearingen, J Onken, B Thorpe, KW AF Webb, RE White, GB Podgwaite, JD D'Amico, V Slavicek, J Swearingen, J Onken, B Thorpe, KW TI Comparison of aerially-applied Gypchek strains against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) in the presence of an Entomophaga maimaiga Epizootic SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Gypchek strains; Entomophaga maimaiga; gypsy moth; entomopathogenic fungus; baculovirus; biological control ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; POPULATIONS; EFFICACY; DISPAR; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; DYNAMICS; FIELD; MORTALITY; DENSITIES; PATHOGEN AB The standard strain (LDP-226) of Gypchek (R), a nucleopolyhedrovirus product registered by the USDA Forest Service against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was compared against a strain, LdMNPV-203NL (NL = nonliquefying), that was developed for production in cell culture. Both strains were applied by air to U.S. government property in Prince Georges Co., MID, in early May 2003 at the rate of 1 X 10(12) occlusion bodies per ha. The two goals of the study were (1) to compare the first and second wave effects of the two strains against gypsy moth populations; and (2) to delineate the combined effects of the applied virus and the expected epizootic of the gypsy moth specialist fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper. Heavy rainfall in May and June preceded a massive epizootic of E maimaiga, whose effects did not mask the first wave of viral mortality. When the effect of application sequence was considered, it was concluded that the two strains were equivalent in their first-wave impacts. High fungal-induced mid and late-season gypsy moth larval mortality suppressed the second wave of virus at all evaluation sites. There were no obvious differences in the second waves engendered by the two LdNPV strains in the greatly reduced late-instar larval population. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Webbr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 446 EP 460 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 008CX UT WOS:000235018900011 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S AF Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S TI Incidence of parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in three vegetable crops after application of biorational insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE parasitism; Bemisia tabaci; Encarsia sophia; Eretmocerus mundus; sweetpotato whitefly; vegetable; biorational C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM asimmons@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 008CX UT WOS:000235018900014 ER PT J AU Powell, M Overturf, K Hogge, C Johnson, K AF Powell, M Overturf, K Hogge, C Johnson, K TI Detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), using quantitative PCR SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacterial kidney disease; chinook salmon; comparison; detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; ERYTHROMYCIN; INFECTION; ELISA; DRUG AB A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay has been developed to detect varying levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease. This assay allows for the direct enumeration of bacterial DNA or RNA copy number within tissues and body fluids. The assay can be applied non-lethally and can be used to determine whether R. salmoninarum is transcriptionally active. The presence of R. salmoninarum in kidney tissues from 430 chinook salmon collected from five Idaho Fish and Game operated hatcheries was initially evaluated using the widely employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two sets of Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories polyclonal antibodies, 'mother batches' 1 and 2. The same tissue samples were then analysed using the novel QPCR assay and the results compared. At moderate to high levels of infection [optical density (OD > 0.5)], ELISA values and estimated DNA copy number were highly correlated (r(2) > 0.80), although correlation to specific antibody batches varied. However, lower ELISA values (OD < 0.5) observed with either antibody batch did not correlate well with the QPCR assay (R-2 <= 0.43). Negative controls, run concurrently with the PCR assay, did not indicate extraneous DNA contamination in the PCR samples. C1 Ctr Salmonid & Freshwater Species Risk, Hageman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. USDA ARS, Hageman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Hlth Lab, Eagle, ID USA. RP Powell, M (reprint author), Ctr Salmonid & Freshwater Species Risk, Hageman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059 Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM mpowell@uidaho.edu RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 10 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00669.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 980DX UT WOS:000232995300005 PM 16302955 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, LH TI Computer-controlled microwave heating to in-package pasteurize beef frankfurters for elimination of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN BREAST STRIPS; HOT-WATER; THERMAL LETHALITY; MEAT-PRODUCTS; SALMONELLA; INNOCUA; SAFETY; STEAM AB The objective of this study was to develop an. in-package pasteurization technology to kill Listeria monocytogenes in. ready-to-eat meats using microwave heating. This technology utilized an infrared sensor to monitor the surface temperature of beef frankfurters during microwave heating. The airs was to increase the surface temperature of frankfurters to a set point lethal to L. monocytogenes. A,feedback control mechanism was used to control the power to the microwave oven. Results indicated that the simple oil-off control mechanism was able to maintain. the surface temperature of beef frankfurters near the respective set points of 75, 80 or 85C used in. this study. This pasteurization process was able to achieve a 7-log reduction of L. monocytogenes in inoculated beef frankfurters using a 600-W nominally rated microwave oven within 12-15 min. If optimized, this system may provide the food industry with a terminal, postlethality pasteurization, technology to kill L. monocytogenes in. ready-to-eat meats within. the final packages. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lhuang@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 453 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2005.033.x PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 978ZR UT WOS:000232912300002 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, DR Musgrove, MT TI Correlation of eggshell strength and Salmonella enteritidis contamination of commercial shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; STRAINS; PARAMETERS; CHICKENS; STOCKS; LAID; AGE AB Shell quality has been identified as a heritable trait that can be manipulated by genetic selection. Previous research has concluded that many methods of determining shell quality produce variable results. With the development of newer, more precise measuring technologies, shell strength can now be assessed in a consistent, objective fashion. A research project was conducted to determine what role shell strength might play in affecting external Salmonella Enteritidis contamination of egg contents. Visibly clean eggs were collected from an in-line shell egg-processing facility at the accumulator. Eggs were inoculated by dipping in a concentrated suspension of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis. After storage, eggs were assessed for shell strength and both external and internal Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. In the first study, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in shell strength among the three replicates. No differences between treatments were found for shell strength or Salmonella Enteritidis contamination of contents. In the second study, there were no replicate differences for any of the monitored factors. When rinsate and content samples were enriched, 100% of the rinsates were positive for Salmonella Enteritidis. No content samples were shown to be contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis during direct plating, but 3 to 5% of the samples from each replicate were positive after enrichment. Correlation analysis of the results from each study found only weak correlations between shell strength and Salmonella Enteritidis contamination on eggshell surface or contents. Within the range of shell strengths recorded in this study, the correlation analysis suggests that shell strength does not play a major role in Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. Further work with eggs that represent a greater range of shell strengths could provide a clearer indication of the interaction of shell strength and Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM drjones@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2035 EP 2038 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 971UF UT WOS:000232409600004 PM 16245704 ER PT J AU Vega, E Smith, J Garland, J Matos, A Pillai, SD AF Vega, E Smith, J Garland, J Matos, A Pillai, SD TI Variability of virus attachment patterns to butterhead lettuce SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; INACTIVATION; ADSORPTION; SURVIVAL; POLIOVIRUS; INDICATOR AB Enteric viruses account for most foodborne illness in the United States. The objective of this study was to determine whether the isoelectric point (pI) of viruses such as feline calicivirus (FCV), echovirus 11, and bacteriophages phi X174 and MS2 had any effect on their attachment to butterhead lettuce. The adsorption of virus particles to the lettuce was variable. Bacteriophage MS2 was the only virus that fit the current Derjaguin-Landau-Verway-Overbeek model of virus attachment. Echovirus I I had the highest affinity to lettuce surface. Echovirus I I appeared to exhibit reversible attachment above its pI, whereas below its pI strong adsorption was observed. Adsorption of FCV was at its maximum above its pI. Bacteriophage phi X174 exhibited the most complex adsorption pattern, with attachment occurring only at the pH extremes (pH 3.0 and 8.0). These results suggest the current model for virus adsorption to sediment does not adequately explain the attachment of virus to lettuce. Importantly, the results indirectly suggest that current sample processing methods to recover viruses from lettuce may differentially select for the recovery of only certain virus types. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Food Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2112 EP 2117 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 971UF UT WOS:000232409600015 PM 16245715 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Cox, NA Harrison, MA TI Shell rinse and shell crush methods for the recovery of aerobic microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae from shell eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL LOADS; SALMONELLAE AB Recovery of bacteria from shell eggs is important for evaluating the efficacy of processing and the quality and safety of the final product. Shell rinse (SR) techniques are easy to perform and widely used. An alternative sampling method involves crushing and rubbing the shell (CR). To determine the most appropriate method for recovering microorganisms from shell eggs, 358 shell eggs were collected from a commercial egg processor and sampled by SR and CR techniques. Total aerobic mesophiles and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated on plate count and violet red bile glucose agar plates, respectively. Unwashed, in process, and postprocess eggs were evaluated in the study. Aerobic microorganism prevalence for eggshells sampled was similar for both methods (approximately 100%), but the log CFU per milliliter values were higher in the SR than the CR samples (3.2 and 2.2, respectively). Average Enterobacteriaceae recovery was similar for both methods (45 versus 40% for the SR and CR methods, respectively) when all eggs were considered together. This population was detected more often by SR when unwashed eggs were sampled (90 versus 56% for the SR and CR methods, respectively), equally by SR and CR for in-process eggs (30 versus 29.3% for the SR and CR methods, respectively), but more often by CR for postprocess eggs (10 versus 36% for the SR and CR methods, respectively). The SR technique was easier to perform and recovered larger numbers of aerobic organisms, particularly for unwashed eggs. However, the CR technique was more efficient for recovery of Enterobacteriaceae from postprocess eggs. Stage of shell egg processing may be an important consideration when choosing egg sampling methods. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2144 EP 2148 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 971UF UT WOS:000232409600021 PM 16245721 ER PT J AU Reyes-Herrera, I Schneider, MJ Cole, K Farnell, MB Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF Reyes-Herrera, I Schneider, MJ Cole, K Farnell, MB Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ TI Concentrations of antibiotic residues vary between different edible muscle tissues in poultry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN TISSUES; ANIMAL-TISSUES AB Antibiotics are used by veterinarians and producers to treat disease and improve animal production. The federal government, to ensure the safety of the food supply, establishes antibiotic residue tolerances in edible animal tissues and determines the target tissues (e.g., muscle) for residue monitoring. However, when muscle is selected as the target tissue, the federal government does not specify which type of muscle tissue is used for monitoring (e.g., breast versus thigh). If specific muscle tissues incorporate residues at higher concentrations, these tissues should be selected for residue monitoring. To evaluate this possibility in poultry, chickens were divided into four groups and at 33 days of age were dosed with enrofloxacin (Baytril), as per label directions, at either 25 ppm for 3 days, 25 ppm for 7 days, 50 ppm for 3 days, or 50 ppm for 7 days. Breast and thigh muscle tissues were collected from each bird (n = 5 birds per day per group) during the dosing and withdrawal period, and fluoroquinolone concentrations were determined. The results indicate higher overall enrofloxacin concentrations in breast versus thigh muscle for each treatment group (P < 0.05). These data indicate, at least for enrofloxacin, that not all muscle tissues incorporate antibiotics at the same concentrations. These results may be helpful to regulatory agencies as they determine what tissues are to be monitored to ensure that the established residue safety tolerance levels are not exceeded. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2217 EP 2219 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 971UF UT WOS:000232409600033 PM 16245733 ER PT J AU Samaranayake, CP Sastry, SK Zhang, H AF Samaranayake, CP Sastry, SK Zhang, H TI Pulsed ohmic heating - A novel technique for minimization of electrochemical reactions during processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pulse; ohmic heating; electrochemical reactions; frequency; pulse width; delay time AB Minimization of electrochemical reactions during ohmic heating would be desirable. This study examines a pulsed ohmic heating technique to determine its effect on electrochemical reactions. Effects of pulse parameters, such as frequency, pulse width, and delay time were studied, in comparison with conventional (60 Hz, sine wave) ohmic heating using various electrode materials. Analyses of electrode corrosion, hydrogen gas, generation, and pH change of the heating media were performed. The results suggest that pulsed ohmic heating is capable of significantly (P <= 0:05) reducing the electrochemical reactions of stainless steel, titanium; and; platinized-titanium electrodes, compared with conventional 60 Hz ohmic heating. The importance of allowing; enough delay time for discharge of the electrical double layers after each pulse input is emphasized. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ERRC, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Sastry, SK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sastry.2@osu.edu NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 70 IS 8 BP E460 EP E465 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 978WL UT WOS:000232903600017 ER PT J AU Vargas, AM Kim, MS Tao, Y Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR Luo, YG Song, YS Buchanan, R AF Vargas, AM Kim, MS Tao, Y Lefcourt, AM Chen, YR Luo, YG Song, YS Buchanan, R TI Detection of fecal contamination on cantaloupes using hyperspectral fluorescence imagery SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; fluorescence; cantaloupe; fecal contamination; ratio image ID SAFETY AB To determine whether detection of fecal contamination on cantaloupes is possible using fluorescence imaging, hyperspectral images of cantaloupes artificially contaminated with a range of diluted bovine feces were acquired from 425 to 774 nm in responses to ultraviolet-A (320 to 400 run) excitation. Evaluation of images at emission peak wavelengths indicated that 675 nm exhibited the greatest contrast between feces contaminated and untreated surface areas. Two-band ratios compared with the single-band images enhanced the contrast between the feces contaminated spots and untreated cantaloupe surfaces. The 595/655-nm, 655/520-nm, and 555/655-nm ratio images provided relatively high detection rates ranging from 79% to 96% across all feces dilutions. However, both single band and ratio methods showed a number of false positives caused by such features as scarred tissues on cantaloupes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the entire hyperspectral images data; 2nd and 5th principal component (PC) image exhibited differential responses between feces spots and false positives. The combined use of the 2 PC images demonstrated the detection of feces spots (for example, minimum level of 16-mu g/mL dry fecal matter) with minimal false positives. Based on the PC weighing coefficients, the dominant wavelengths were 465, 487, 531, 607, 643, and 688 nm. This research demonstrated the potential of multispectral-based fluorescence imaging for online applications for detection of fecal contamination on cantaloupes. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Instrument & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Food Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. US FDA, CFSAN, College Pk, MD USA. US FDA, NCFST, Div Food Proc & Packaging, Summit Argo, IL USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 70 IS 8 BP E471 EP E476 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 978WL UT WOS:000232903600019 ER PT J AU Dibble, AC Rees, CA AF Dibble, AC Rees, CA TI Does the lack of reference ecosystems limit our science? A case study in nonnative invasive plants as forest fuels SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE control; reference conditions; wildland urban interface; fire; fuels; invasive plants AB In forest experiments the problem of inadequate controls often arises. True controls might not he required in case studies, comparisons along an environmental gradient, or comparisons of multiple treated and untreated areas. In a recent characterization of fuels in invaded and uninvaded forest conditions for four forest types at 12 locations in Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, and Virginia, high-quality reference stands usually were not available as true controls. We called the uninvaded areas "comparison areas," and applied a modified planar sampling technique to quantify live and dead fuels. No overarching pattern emerged; fuels in fire-adapted pitch pine differed from the three other forest types in that stands invaded by black locust had fewer 1- and 10-hour fuels, but more forbs cover and higher basal area. Invasive shrubs increased fuel height and density across most forest types. Invasive grosses in forests present an underrecognized hazard fuel if drought ensues. The comparison stand study design enabled uncovering of significant differences between invaded and uninvaded stands, especially in hardwoods and mixed woods, and fuels in softwoods were less affected by invasive plants. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. RP Dibble, AC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 686 Govt Rd, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. EM adibble@fs.fed.us; crees@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 103 IS 7 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991ZH UT WOS:000233853000005 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LS White, AS Cutko, AR Fraver, S AF Kenefic, LS White, AS Cutko, AR Fraver, S TI Reference stands for silvicultural research: A Maine perspective SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE silviculture; experimental control; old-growth; benchmark; reserve ID FOREST AB Silvicultural experiments should have untreated stand replicates in which development can he tracked over time. Unfortunately, field studies are seldom ideal. This article is one of six in this issue addressing experimental controls. Our focus is the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) in Maine, where a 55-year-old experiment in northern conifer silviculture has an unreplicated, somewhat atypical control. The identification of stands that represent desired endpoints or natural states is another consideration and may be difficult if based on rare conditions. Big Reed Forest Reserve and Maine's Ecological Reserve System are discussed as possible benchmarks for management on the PEF and serve as examples of the opportunities and challenges associated with the identification of benchmark ecosystems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Maine Nat Areas Program, Dept Conservat, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Kenefic, LS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 686 Govt Rd, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. EM lkenefic@fs.fed.us; white@umenfa.maine.edu; andrew.r.cutko@maine.gov; shawn.fraver@miun.se RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 103 IS 7 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991ZH UT WOS:000233853000010 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ AF Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ TI Transport capacity for eroded silts in irrigation furrows SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT AB An aspect of surface-irrigation performance is the erosion and transport of soil from which furrows are formed. The current single representative-particle- size approach in the erosion component of the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory surface irrigation-simulation software, is being extended to track individual size fractions of the sediment mix. This requires the adaptation of existing empirical transport-capacity formulas to the small silt particle sizes in the mix. A modification of Laursen's 1958 formula based on recognition of a laminar sublayer in the turbulent flow near the furrow boundary is proposed to eliminate computed negative transport of very small particles. The assumption that the formula is sufficiently well grounded theoretically to warrant some application to sediment sizes smaller than those in its empirical database leads to plausible results. Ultimate justification will be based on comparisons of simulated sediment-load hydrographs with field measurements. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM fstrelkoff@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 921 EP 926 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:10(921) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 966TH UT WOS:000232044200012 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Arthurs, SP AF Lacey, LA Arthurs, SP TI New method for testing solar sensitivity of commercial formulations of the granulovirus of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae : Lepidoptera) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; Cydia pomonella; UV sensitivity testing; granulovirus; bioassay technique ID GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PERSISTENCE; STABILITY; APPLE; ADJUVANTS AB A method for screening codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) formulation sensitivity to sunlight using specially prepared half apples and a solar simulator is described. The half apple preparation allows an even coverage of virus over the surface of the fruit that would not be possible using whole apples. Leaves and artificial medium were not usable for extended periods of exposure in the solar simulator due to excess drying. Fruit was sprayed with 10(-3) and 10(-5) dilutions of three commercial formulations of CpGV (Carpovirusine, Cyd-X, and Virosoft) and infested with codling moth neonates. Half of the sprayed fruit was exposed to 650 W/m(2) for 4 It in an Atlas Suntest CPS solar simulator resulting in an accumulated radiant energy of 9.36 x 10(6) J/m(2) before they were infested with neonate codling moth larvae. Spraying non-irradiated fruit with the 10(-3) dilution of Cyd-X and Virosoft resulted in nearly 100% mortality of neonate larvae. Irradiation reduced viral activity by 71-98% at the 10(-3) dilution and by up to 32% at the 10(-5) dilution relative to non-irradiated fruit. The procedures utilized enabled good preservation of the fruit throughout the incubation period and minimized invasion of the fruit by plant pathogens and saprophytic organisms. This laboratory method for screening candidate formulations and potential UV protectants could conserve time and resources by eliminating adjuvants with less potential in laboratory tests and field testing only the most promising candidates. It also enables year-round testing. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.07.002 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 983CF UT WOS:000233208000002 PM 16216263 ER PT J AU James, RR Skinner, JS AF James, RR Skinner, JS TI PCR diagnostic methods for Ascosphaera infections in bees SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Ascosphaera; bees; chalkbrood; disease diagnosis; Megachile rotundata; PCR ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCE; ISOZYME CHARACTERIZATION; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; HONEY; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; AGGREGATA; SAMPLES; SPORES AB Fungi in the genus Ascosphaera are the causative agents of chalkbrood, a major disease affecting bee larval viability. Identification of individual Ascosphaera species based on morphological features has been difficult due to a lack of distinguishing characteristics. Most identifications are based on the size and shape of the ascomata, spore balls and conidia. Unfortunately, much overlap occurs in the size of these structures, and some Ascosphaera species will not produce sexual structures in vitro. We report a quick and reliable diagnostic method for identifying Ascosphaera infections in Megachile bees (leafcutting bees) using PCR markers that employ genus-specific primers for Ascosphaera, and species-specific primers for species known to be associated with Megachile spp. Using these methods, species identifications can be performed directly on bees, including asymptornatic individuals. Furthermore, the PCR markers can detect co-infections of multiple Ascosphaera species in a single host. We also identified a marker for Ascosphaera apis, the predominant cause of chalkbrood in Apis inellifera, the honey bee. Our diagnostic methods eliminate the need for culturing samples, and could be used to process a large number of field collected bee larvae. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM rjames@biology.usu.edu NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.08.004 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 983CF UT WOS:000233208000004 PM 16214164 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Pettis, JS Feldlaufer, MF AF Chen, YP Pettis, JS Feldlaufer, MF TI Detection of multiple viruses in queens of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; queen; viruses; single infection; multiple infections; vertical transmission ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; PARALYSIS VIRUS; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; RT-PCR; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Individual honey bee Apis mellifera L. queens were examined for the presence of six honey bee viruses including acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Kashmir bee virus, and sacbrood virus. All viruses, except ABPV, were detected in the samples. Among queens examined for virus infections, 93% had multiple virus infections. The detection of viruses in queens raises the possibility of a vertical transmission pathway wherein infected queens can pass virus through their eggs to their offspring. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.08.005 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 983CF UT WOS:000233208000007 PM 16214161 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF de la Llera-Moya, M Dallal, GE Horvath, KV Schaefer, EJ Rothblat, GH AF Asztalos, BF de la Llera-Moya, M Dallal, GE Horvath, KV Schaefer, EJ Rothblat, GH TI Differential effects of HDL subpopulations on cellular ABCA1- and SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-I; reverse cholesterol transport; ATP binding cassette transporter A1; scavenger receptor class B type I; high density lipoprotein ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; APOA-I; PLASMA; TRANSPORT; ACYLTRANSFERASE; LECITHIN AB Our objective was to evaluate the associations of individual apolipoprotein A- I ( apoA- I)- containing HDL sub-population levels with ABCA1- and scavenger receptor class B type I ( SR- BI)- mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. HDL subpopulations were measured by nondenaturing twodimensional gel electrophoresis from 105 male subjects selected with various levels of apoA- I in pre beta- 1, alpha- 1, and alpha- 3 HDL particles. ApoB- containing lipoprotein- depleted serum was incubated with [ H-3] cholesterol- labeled cells to measure efflux. The difference in efflux between control and ABCA1-upregulated J774 macrophages was taken as a measure of ABCA1- mediated efflux. SR- BI- mediated efflux was determined using cholesterol- labeled Fu5AH hepatoma cells. Fractional efflux values obtained from these two cell systems were correlated with the levels of individual HDL subpopulations. A multivariate analysis showed that two HDL subspecies correlated significantly with ABCA1- mediated efflux: small, lipid- poor pre beta- 1 particles ( P = 0.0022) and intermediate- sized alpha- 2 particles ( P = 0.0477). With regard to SR- BI- mediated efflux, multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations with alpha- 2 ( P = 0.0004), alpha- 1 ( P = 0.0030), pre beta- 1 ( P = 0.0056), and alpha- 3 ( P = 0.0127) HDL particles. These data demonstrate that the small, lipid- poor pre beta- 1 HDL has the strongest association with ABCA1- mediated cholesterol even in the presence of all other HDL subpopulations. Cholesterol efflux via the SR- BI pathway is associated with several HDL subpopulations with different apolipoprotein composition, lipid content, and size. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Gastrointestinal & Nutr Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064738, HL-63768, HL64738, HL-22633] NR 45 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2246 EP 2253 DI 10.1194/jlr.M500187-JLR200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 965UE UT WOS:000231975000021 PM 16061948 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Yeh, HY Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus important bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; LAMP ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; DNA-POLYMERASE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; VIRUS; GENE; ANTIBODIES; PRODUCTS; BETAINE; SAMPLES AB Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri results in $40-50 million annual losses in profits to catfish producers. Early detection of this pathogen is necessary for disease control and reduction of economic loss. In this communication, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) that amplifies DNA with high specificity and rapidity at an isothermal condition was evaluated for rapid detection of E. ictaluri. A set of four primers, two outer and two inner, was designed specifically to recognize the eip18 gene of this pathogen. The LAMP reaction mix was optimized. Reaction temperature and time of the LAMP assay for the eip18 gene were also optimized at 65 T for 60 min, respectively. Our results show that the ladder-like pattern of bands sizes from 234 bp specifically to the E. ictaluri gene was amplified. The detection limit of this LAMP assay was about 20 colony forming units. In addition, this optimized LAMP assay was used to detect the E. ictaluri eip18 gene in brains of experimentally challenged channel catfish. Thus, we concluded that the LAMP assay can potentially be used for rapid diagnosis in hatcheries and ponds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM yyeh@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 56 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2005 VL 63 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.02.015 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 969KK UT WOS:000232232800004 PM 16157211 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Park, KH Shim, JH Park, RD Kim, YW Cho, JY Hwangbo, R Kim, YC Cha, GS Krishnan, HB Kim, KY AF Lee, HJ Park, KH Shim, JH Park, RD Kim, YW Cho, JY Hwangbo, R Kim, YC Cha, GS Krishnan, HB Kim, KY TI Quantitative changes of plant defense enzymes in biocontrol of pepper (Capsicium annuum L.) late blight by antagonistic Bacillus subtilis HJ927 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PR-protein; late blight; chitinase producing bacteria ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; TOMATO ROOTS; PR PROTEINS; CUCUMBER; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; LIGNIFICATION AB To investigate plant protection, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and plant defense enzymes related to cell wall lignification were studied in pepper plants inoculated with antagonistic Bacillus subtilis HJ927 and pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici. Phytophthora blight disease was reduced by 53% in pepper roots when preinoculated with B. subtilis HJ927 against P capsici. The activities of PR proteins (chitinase and beta-1,3,-glucanase) and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase.. polyphenoloxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) decreased in roots of B. subtilis+P capsici-treated plants, but increased in leaves with time. The decrease and increase were much greater in P copsici-treated plants than in B. subtilis HJ927+P capsici-treated plants, although P copsici-treated plants had more severe damage. Therefore, changes of enzyme activities do not seem to be directly related to plant protection. We suggest that the change of these enzymes in pathogen-treated plants may be related to plant response rather than to resistance against pathogen attacks. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Glucosamine Saccharide Mat Lab NRL, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Appl Plant Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Gwangju Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kwangju 503703, South Korea. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Glucosamine Saccharide Mat Lab NRL, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM kimkil@chonnam.ac.kr OI Shim, Jae-Han/0000-0002-5361-2903 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1079 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 979HI UT WOS:000232932600022 ER PT J AU Patel Jr Williams-Campbell, AC Liu, MN Solomon, MB AF Patel, JR Williams-Campbell, AC Liu, MN Solomon, MB TI Effect of hydrodynamic pressure treatment and cooking on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in blade-tenderized beef steaks SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID LONGISSIMUS AB The efficacy of hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) treatment for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in blade-tenderized beef steaks was studied. Beef steaks (N = 48) were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and treated with blade tenderization (BT), HDP or a combination of BT followed by HDP (BTH). Control and treated steaks were cooked to 54.4C (undercooked), 62.8C (medium rare) and 71.1C (medium) on open-hearth Farberware grills. HDP treatment reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 0.3 log(10) cfu/g, which was not different (P > 0.05)from untreated controls. At each endpoint cooking temperature, E. coli O157:H7 survival was always higher in BT-treated steaks than in untreated steaks cooked to corresponding temperatures. This could be due to migration of surface bacteria to the interior of the muscle thereby protecting bacteria front the lethality of heat. E. coli O157:H7 populations in BTH-treated steaks cooked to 71.1 C were nondetectable and were significantly different from BT-treated steaks cooked to 71.1 C. Results suggest that BT of intact beef muscle does transfer surface bacteria to the interior of the muscle, which would necessitate a combination of elevated cooking temperatures (>71.1C) and a treatment like HDP,for inactivation of bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patel Jr (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jpatel@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2005.00026.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 971ZD UT WOS:000232422700006 ER PT J AU During, A Dawson, HD Harrison, EH AF During, Alexandrine Dawson, Harry D. Harrison, Earl H. TI Carotenoid transport is decreased and expression of the lipid transporters SR-BI, NPC1L1, and ABCA1 is downregulated in Caco-2 cells treated with ezetimibe SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; intestinal absorption; ezetimibe; facilitated transport; Caco-2 cells ID INTESTINAL CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; RECEPTOR CLASS-B; BETA-CAROTENE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; MESSENGER-RNA; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; METABOLISM AB Data suggest that intestinal carotenoid absorption is a facilitated process. The present study was conducted to determine whether carotenoids and cholesterol share common pathways (transporters) for their intestinal absorption. Differentiated Caco-2 cells on membranes were incubated (16 h) with a carotenoid (1 mu mol/L) with or without ezetimibe (EZ; Zetiae (R), an inhibitor of cholesterol transport), and with or without antibodies against the receptors, cluster determinant 36 (CD36) and scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI). Carotenoid transport in Caco-2 cells (cellular uptake + secretion) was decreased by EZ (10 mg/L) as follows: beta-carotene approximate to alpha-carotene (50% inhibition) >> beta-cryptoxanthin approximate to lycopene (20%) >> lutein:zeaxanthin (1:1) (7%). EZ reduced cholesterol transport by 31 %, but not retinol transport. beta-Carotene transport was also inhibited by anti-SR-Bl, but not by anti-CD36. The inhibitory effects of EZ and anti-SR-BI on beta-carotene transport were additive, indicating that they may have different targets. Finally, differentiated Caco-2 cells treated with EZ showed a significant decrease in mRNA expression for the surface receptors SR-BI, Niemann-Pick type C1 Like 1 protein (NPC1L1), and ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily A (ABCA1) and for the nuclear receptors retinoid acid receptor (RAR)gamma, sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP)-1 and -2, and liver X receptor (LXR)beta as assessed by real-time PCR analysis. The data indicate that 1) EZ is an inhibitor of carotenoid transport, an effect that decreases with increasing polarity of the carotenoid molecule, 2) SR-BI is involved in carotenoid transport, and 3) EZ may act, not only by interacting physically with cholesterol transporters as previously suggested, but also by downregulating expression of these proteins. The cellular uptake and efflux of carotenoids, like that of cholesterol, likely involve more than one transporter. C1 [During, Alexandrine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [During, Alexandrine; Harrison, Earl H.] USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dawson, Harry D.] USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP During, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM duringa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015; OI During, Alexandrine/0000-0002-6878-0870 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879, HL49879] NR 39 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 135 IS 10 BP 2305 EP 2312 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 971IU UT WOS:000232378200004 PM 16177187 ER PT J AU Kothapalli, N Sarath, G Zempleni, J AF Kothapalli, Nagarama Sarath, Gautam Zempleni, Janos TI Biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 decreases in response to DNA double-strand breaks in human JAr choriocarcinoma cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE biotin; DNA damage; double-strand breaks; histone H4 ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY; JURKAT CELLS; DAMAGE; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; REPLICATION; ACETYLATION; METABOLISM; PROTEIN AB We tested the hypothesis that biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 plays a role in the cellular response to double-strand breaks (DSB) of DNA in human cells. DSB were caused by treating choriocarcinoma JAr cells with etoposide. Biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 decreased by 50% as early as 10-20 min after initiation of treatment with etoposide. Biotinylation returned to initial levels 30-40 min after the addition of etoposide to the medium. Temporal patterns of K12-biotinylation were similar for human lymphoma cells. Phosphorylation of S14 of histone H2B and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of glutamate residues on histone H2A are known markers of DSB in DNA; these modifications increased 10-40 min after alterations in K12-biotinylation occurred. Decreased biotinylation of K12 of histone H4 was specific for DSB but was not detectable in response to single-strand breaks or the formation of thymine dimers. Biotin-deficient choriocarcinoma cells exhibited a 40% decrease in rates of survival in response to etoposide compared with biotin-sufficient controls. These studies suggest that the lack of biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 is an early signaling event in response to DSB. C1 [Zempleni, Janos] Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kothapalli, Nagarama] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Zempleni, Janos] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Zempleni, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. EM jzempleni2@uni.edu RI Kothapalli, Naga Rama/E-5229-2017 OI Kothapalli, Naga Rama/0000-0001-7993-8525 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR16469, P20 RR016469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060447, DK 063945, DK 60447, R01 DK063945]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM104320] NR 48 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 135 IS 10 BP 2337 EP 2342 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 971IU UT WOS:000232378200009 PM 16177192 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Butte, NF Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Curtiss D. Butte, Nancy F. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Boron concentrations in milk from mothers of exclusively breast-fed healthy full-term infants are stable during the first four months of lactation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci DE boron; human milk; lactation; calcium; magnesium; zinc ID DIETARY BORON; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; MINERAL-CONTENT; SUPPLEMENTATION; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; GROWTH; PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION AB Because boron is a bioactive element that satisfies several of the criteria for essentiality in humans, the aim of the present work was to determine the profile of boron metabolism in human milk during the first 4 mo of lactation. The concentration of boron and other minerals was determined in archived milk collected (1980-84) 1 time/mo for 4 mo from lactating mothers of full-term, exclusively breast-fed infants living in Houston, TX. A linear model (treating month as a continuous variable) indicated that B concentrations were stable (P = 0.14) between mo 1 [3.88 +/- 0.6 mu mol (42 +/- 6.5 mu g)/L milk] and 4 [3.24 0 +/- 0.6 mu mol (35 +/- 6.5 mu kg)/L milk, mean +/- SEM]. Mg concentrations increased slightly over time (1.18 +/- 0.09 to 1.36 +/- 0.09 mmol/L, P < 0.0001), whereas Ca concentrations decreased slightly (7.01 +/- 0.29 to 6.68 +/- 0.29 mmol/L milk, P < 0.02) and Zn decreased substantially (0.04 +/- 0.004 to 0.02 +/- 0.004 mmol/L milk, P < 0.0001). Similarities in findings reported here and earlier (from samples collected in St. John's, Newfoundland) provide further evidence that boron may be metabolically regulated. Future investigations of boron regulatory mechanisms should focus on metabolism of bone as the major storage site of B and kidney excretion, the major excretory route for B. C1 [Hunt, Curtiss D.; Johnson, LuAnn K.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM chunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 135 IS 10 BP 2383 EP 2386 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 971IU UT WOS:000232378200017 PM 16177200 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Pittman, HE Mckay, S Prior, RL AF Wu, Xianli Pittman, Hoy E., III Mckay, Steve Prior, Ronald L. TI Aglycones and sugar moieties alter anthocyanin absorption and metabolism after berry consumption in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; chokeberry; elderberry; black currant; metabolism ID RIBES-NIGRUM L; BLACK-CURRANT; ELDERBERRY EXTRACT; ELDERLY WOMEN; RATS; CYANIDIN; HUMANS; ARONIA; FRUIT; CANCER AB To investigate the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (ACNs) with different aglycones and sugar moieties, weanling pigs (11.4 +/- 3.8 kg) were fed, in a single meal, a freeze-dried powder of chokeberry, black currant, or elderberry at a single dose of 229,140, or 228 mu mol total ACN/kg body weight (BW), respectively. These berries provided ACNs with differences in aglycone as well as some unique differences in the sugar moieties. The relative proportions of the different metabolites depended upon concentrations, quantities consumed, and types of glycoside of ACNs in the berry. Delphinidin ACNs were not metabolized to any measurable extent. Cyanidin ACNs were metabolized via methylation and glucuronidation as well as by formation of both derivatives on the same ACN molecule. ACNs with either a di- or trisaccharide attached to them were excreted in the urine primarily as the intact form. Over 80% of the ACN compounds containing rutinose or sambubiose, which were excreted in the urine from black currant, elderberry, or Marion blackberry, were excreted as the intact molecule. The limited metabolism of these ACNs that did occur was via methylation. ACN monoglycosides other than the glucoside were metabolized via methylation and/or glucuronide formation. The monoglucuronide that formed represented a small proportion of the metabolites relative to the methylated or the mixed methylated and glucuronide forms of ACNs. The data clearly demonstrate that the aglycone and the sugar moieties can alter the apparent absorption and metabolism of ACNs. C1 [Wu, Xianli; Pittman, Hoy E., III] USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Mckay, Steve] Cornell Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Hudson, NY 12534 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 42 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 135 IS 10 BP 2417 EP 2424 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 971IU UT WOS:000232378200023 PM 16177206 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Fair, PA Bossart, GD Hill, D Fayer, R Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Fair, PA Bossart, GD Hill, D Fayer, R Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P TI A comparison of several serologic tests to detect antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in naturally exposed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SEA OTTERS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; TISSUE CYSTS; INFECTION; SOUTHERN; SPECIFICITY; RESPONSES; SENSITIVITY AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment and coastal waters with oocysts. In a previous study, 138 of 141 (97.8%) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the coasts of Florida and California had antibodies to T gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Although the MAT has been found to be highly sensitive and specific for T. gondii antibodies from several species of terrestrial animals, it has not yet been validated for T. gondii infections in marine mammals. Furthermore, T. gondii has yet not been isolated from dolphins. In the present study, sera from 146 (60 from the 2004 samples and 86 from the 2003 samples) T truncatus from the coastal areas of South Carolina and Florida were tested for antibodies to T. gondii. Sera from 2004 were tested by the MAT, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), an indirect henagglutination test (IHAT), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot. All 60 dolphins were seropositive, with MAT titers of 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 19, 1:80 in 29, 1:160 in 2, 1:1,280 in 3, 1:2,560 in 2, and 1:5,120 or higher in 2, and these results were confirmed in another laboratory. The DT titers of these dolphins were < 1: 10 in 53, 1:800 in 3, 1:1,600 in 2, and 1:3,200 in 2. The IHAT titers were <1:64 in 52, 1:128 in 1, 1:512 in 2, and 1:2,048 in 5. The IFAT titers were <1:20 in 3, 1:20 in 11, 1:40 in 36, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 1, and 1:320 or higher in 7. All 7 DT-positive dolphins had high MAT titers, but 2 were negative by the IHAT. Western blot results closely followed MAT results; ELISA results matched MAT results, which were 1:40 or higher. In sera from the 2003 samples, MAT antibodies were found in 86 of 86 dolphins with titers of 1:25 in 29, 1:50 in 23, 1:100 in 27, 1:200 in 3, 1:1,600 in 1, and 1:3,200 in 3; these sera were not tested by other means. Overall, MAT antibodies were found in all 146 dolphin sera tested. Because marine mammals are considered sentinel animals indicative of contamination of the coastal and marine waters by T. gondii oocysts, serologically positive infections need to be validated by the detection of T. gondii organisms in the tissues of seropositive animals. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1081 DI 10.1645/GE-582R.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 987SF UT WOS:000233536900016 PM 16419751 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Hill, DE Jones, JL Hightower, AW Kirkland, E Roberts, JM Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Vianna, MCB Miska, K Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Gamble, HR AF Dubey, JP Hill, DE Jones, JL Hightower, AW Kirkland, E Roberts, JM Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Vianna, MCB Miska, K Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Gamble, HR TI Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: Risk assessment to consumers SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TISSUE CYSTS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTION; CATTLE; CATS; SEROPREVALENCE; OOCYSTS; PIGS AB The prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii was determined in 6,282 samples (2,094 each of beef, chicken, and pork) obtained from 698 retail meat stores from 28 major geographic areas of the United States. Each sample consisted of a minimum of I kg of meat purchased from the retail meat case. To detect viable T gondii, meat samples were fed to T. gondii-free cats and feces of cats were examined for oocyst shedding. Initially, 100 g of meat from 6 individual samples of a given species were pooled (total, 600 g), fed to a cat over a period of 3 days, and feces were examined for oocysts for 14 days; the remaining meat samples were stored at 4 C for 14 days (until results of the initial cat fecal examination were known). When a cat fed pooled samples had shed oocysts, 6 individual meat samples from each pool were bioassayed for T gondii in cats and mice. Toxoplasma gondii isolates were then genetically characterized using the SAG2 locus and 5 hypervariable microsatellite loci. In all, 7 cats fed pooled pork samples shed oocysts. Toxoplasina gondii oocysts were detected microscopically in the feces of 2 of the cats; 1 isolate was Type II and the second was Type III. Analyzed individually, T. gondii was detected by bioassay in 3 of the 12 associated samples with genetic data indicating T gondii isolates present in 2. The remaining 5 pooled pork samples had so few oocysts that they were not initially detected by microscopic examination, but rather by mouse bioassay of cat feces. Two were Type I, 1 was Type II, and 2 were Type III. None of the cats fed chicken or beef samples shed oocysts. Overall, the prevalence of viable T. gondii in retail meat was very low. Nevertheless, consumers, especially pregnant women, should be aware that they can acquire T gondii infection from ingestion of undercooked meat, and in particular, pork. Cooking meat to an internal temperature of 66 C kills T. gondii. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 69 TC 165 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1082 EP 1093 DI 10.1645/GE-683.1 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 987SF UT WOS:000233536900017 PM 16419752 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Thulliez, P TI Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in wild animals SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; SEROPREVALENCE; BRAZIL AB Antibodies to Neospora caninum were determined in several species of wild animals in the United States by the Neospora agglutination test (NAT). Antibodies (NAT 1:40 or higher) were found in 5 of 249 bison (Bison bison), 5 of 160 caribou (Rangifer tarandus), 4 of 162 moose (Alces alces), 4 of 122 wolves (Canis lupus), and 1 of 224 musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) but not in 197 black bears (Ursus ainericanus). To our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in bison and caribou. The total absence of N. canintan antibodies in black bears indicates that bears are not a host for N. caninum and that there is no cross-reactivity between the NAT and the modified agglutination test (MAT) for Toxoplasma gondii, because more than 80% of black bears in eastern United States have MAT antibodies at a 1:25 serum solution. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1218 DI 10.1645/GE-576R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 987SF UT WOS:000233536900036 PM 16419771 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Caston-Pierre, S Bopp, AF Goynes, W AF Edwards, JV Caston-Pierre, S Bopp, AF Goynes, W TI Detection of human neutrophil elastase with peptide-bound cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resin analogs SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resin; chronic wound fluid; human neutrophil elastase; enzyme detection; peptide substrate; solid-liquid interface ID CHYMOTRYPSIN-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS; L-PHENYLALANINE 4-NITROANILIDE; ENZYMATIC ATTACK; SUPPORTS; BEADS; CLEAR AB An assessment of elastase-substrate kinetics and adsorption at the solid-liquid interface of peptide-bound resin was made in an approach to the solid-phase detection of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), which is found in high concentration in chronic wound fluid. N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-valine-p-nitroanilide (suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA), a chromogenic HNE substrate, was attached to glycine-cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resins (Gly-CLEAR) by a carbodiimide reaction. To assess the enzyme-substrate reaction in a two-phase system, the kinetic profile of resin-bound peptide substrate hydrolysis by HNE was obtained. A glycine and di-glycine spacer was placed between the resin polymer and substrate to assess the steric and spatial requirements of resin to substrate with enzyme hydrolysis. The enzymatic activities of suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA and suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA on the solid-phase resin were compared with similar analogs in solution. An increase in visible wavelength absorbance was observed with increasing amounts of substrate-resin and enzyme concentration. Enzyme hydrolysis of the resin-bound substrate was also demonstrated on a polypropylene surface, which was employed for visible absorbance of released chromophore. A soluble active substrate analog was released from the resin through saponification of the ethoxylate ester linkages in the resin polymer. The resin-released conjugate of the HNE substrate demonstrated an increased dose response with increasing enzyme concentration. The synthesis and assay of elastase substrates bound to CLEAR resin gives an understanding of substrate-elastase adsorption and activity at the resin's solid-liquid interface for HNE detection with a solid-phase peptide. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Chem & Utilizat Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 66 IS 4 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00284.x PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 960VO UT WOS:000231621500002 PM 16138854 ER PT J AU Chen, W McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ AF Chen, W McPhee, KE Muehlbauer, FJ TI Use of a mini-dome bioassay and grafting to study resistance of chickpea to ascochyta blight SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietanum; Ascochyta rabiei; grafting; resistance; pathotypes ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; SOLANAPYRONE-A; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DIDYMELLA-RABIEI; MATING-TYPE; PLANT-AGE; REGISTRATION; PATHOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION AB A mini-dome bioassay was developed to study pathogenicity of Ascochyta rabiei and relative resistance of chickpea (Cicer arietanium). It was determined that the best condition for assaying pathogenicity of A. rabiei was to use 2 x 10(5) spores/ml as inoculum and to maintain a leaf wetness period of 24 h under mini-domes at a temperature between 16 and 22 degrees C. This mini-dome pathogenicity assay was used to determine relative resistance of six chickpea cultivars (cvs) to isolates of two pathotypes of A. rabiei. Grafting was employed to detect any translocated factors produced in the chickpea plant that mediate disease response, which could help elucidate possible resistance mechanisms to Ascochyta blight. The six chickpea cv. were grafted in all possible scion-rootstock combinations, and then inoculated with isolates of two pathotypes of A. rabiei using the mini-dome technique. Results showed that self-grafted-resistant plants remained resistant and self-grafted-susceptible plants stayed susceptible, indicating the grafting procedure did not alter host response to infection by A. rabiei. Susceptible scions always exhibited high and similar levels of disease severity regardless of rootstock genotypes, and resistant scions always showed low and similar levels of disease severity when they were grafted onto any of the six rootstock genotypes. Orthogonal contrasts showed that scion genotypes determined disease phenotype, and that rootstock genotypes had no contribution to disease phenotype of the scions. The pathogenicity assay did not detect any translocated disease-mediating agents responsible for susceptibility or resistance in chickpea. Disease phenotypes of Ascochyta blight of chickpea were conditioned locally by scion genotypes. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM w-chen@wsu.edu NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 153 IS 10 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01022.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 968EA UT WOS:000232143500002 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Walter, A Schurr, U AF Ainsworth, EA Walter, A Schurr, U TI Glycine max leaflets lack a base-tip gradient in growth rate SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dicot; Glycine max; image processing; leaf growth; soybean ID RICINUS-COMMUNIS; CELL-DIVISION; LEAVES; EXPANSION; TOBACCO; SUNFLOWER; PLANT AB The paradigm of dicotyledonous leaf expansion describes high relative growth rates at the leaf base, dampening towards the leaf tip. Soybean leaflet expansion was measured under different growth conditions with both conventional and time-lapse video techniques. In contrast to findings from other species, maximum growth rates occurred at similar to 2 a.m. and the basipetal growth pattern was absent, suggesting the factors controlling soybean expansion are distinct from other species. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphere ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 147 ERML,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Walter, Achim/N-8392-2013 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10265-005-0227-1 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 979IL UT WOS:000232935500006 PM 16136362 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Shey, J Imam, SH Glenn, GM Guttman, ME Revol, JF AF Orts, WJ Shey, J Imam, SH Glenn, GM Guttman, ME Revol, JF TI Application of cellulose microfibrils in polymer nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cellulose; crystallites; microfibrils; nanoparticles; composites; nanocomposites; starch; latex; pectin ID NYLON-6-CLAY HYBRID; CLAY HYBRID; WHISKERS; CRYSTALLITES; SUSPENSIONS; COMPOSITES AB Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were added at low concentrations (2-10% w/w) to polymer gels and films as reinforcing agents. Significant changes in mechanical properties, especially maximum load and tensile strength, were obtained for fibrils derived from several cellulosic sources, including cotton, softwood, and bacterial cellulose. For extruded starch plastics, the addition of cotton-derived microfibrils at 10.3% (w/w) concentration increased Young's modulus by 5-fold relative to a control sample with no cellulose reinforcement. Preliminary data suggests that shear alignment significantly improves tensile strength. Addition of microfibrils does not always change mechanical properties in a predictable direction. Whereas tensile strength and modulus were shown to increase during addition of microfibrils to an extruded starch thermoplastic and a cast latex film, these parameters decreased when microfibrils were added to a starch-pectin blend, implying that complex interactions are involved in the application of these reinforcing agents. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Pulp & Paper Res Inst Canada, Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM orts@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 5 U2 57 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10924-005-5514-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 958OI UT WOS:000231457200001 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Dynamic mechanical properties of soy protein filled elastomers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soy protein; stress softening; Payne effect; rubber composites ID LATEX FILMS; RECOVERY KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; NETWORKING; POLYMERS AB Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect when compared with the unfilled elastomers. Approximately 400 times increase in shear elastic modulus was observed when 40% by weight of protein is incorporated into the elastomers. The sample films were cast from the particle dispersion of soy protein isolate and carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex. At the higher temperatures, the shear elastic modulus of soy protein-filled composites does not decrease as much as that of the carbon black-filled composites. The behavior of elastic and loss modulus under the oscillatory strain of different magnitude is similar to that of carbon black reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber. However, carbon black composites show a better recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain. The reduction of shear elastic modulus with dynamic strain (Payne effect) was compared with Kraus model and the fitting parameter related to the aggregate structure of the soy protein. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical model and experiment was obtained, indicating the Payne effect of the protein-related network structure in the elastomers could also be described by the kinetic agglomeration de-agglomeration mechanism. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jong@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10924-005-5526-z PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 958OI UT WOS:000231457200004 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, R Marmer, WN AF Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, R Marmer, WN TI The relative proteolytic activity of pancreatic bate in media of low and high salt content SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The proteolytic activity of pancreatic bate was determined in media of low ionic strength and in the presence of sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate at an ionic strength of 4. A peptide yielding p-nitroaniline as the hydrolytic product was used as the substrate. The course of the hydrolysis was monitored by measuring the absorbance due to the product every 30 seconds for 5-10 minutes. Initial velocities were determined by fitting the observations with an equation expressing the product concentration exlplicitly as a function of time and inserting the parameters thereby determined into the Michaelis-Menten equation. Specific enzymatic activities (SA) were calculated from the dependence of the initial velocity on the enzyme (bate) concentration. The ratios of the SAS in the presence and absence of sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate yielded the desired relative activities. Our results demonstrated that sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate at an ionic strength of 4 increase the proteolytic activity of bate by 60-75 percent. Experiments similar to the above were carried out with chymotrypsin. From the two sets of experiments we determined that the equivalent chymotrypsin content of pancreatic bate is approximately 0.12%. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM smozersky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 100 IS 10 BP 396 EP 400 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 975GL UT WOS:000232648900003 ER PT J AU Brown, EM Dudley, RL AF Brown, EM Dudley, RL TI Approach to a tanning mechanism: Study of the interaction of aluminum sulfate with collagen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PK(A) VALUES; I COLLAGEN; STABILITY; CARBOXYL; STATE; H-1 AB The production of leather from animal hides or skins is accomplished through the use of tanning agents that stabilize the collagen matrix. The molecular characteristics of tanning agents are quite varied, and led to the expectation that leathers produced with different tanning agents would have fundamentally different structures. Current proposals suggest that the structural similarities between leathers produced with different tanning agents are greater than the differences. The goal of this work is to contribute to the elucidation of a general mechanism for taming. Although complex salts of Cr(III) are currently the most effective tanning agents, salts of other metals, including aluminum, have been used either alone or in combination with vegetable tannins or other organic chemicals. In the present study, the interaction of aluminum sulfate with collagen is investigated. In a model system, using soluble collagen, C-13 NMR spectroscopy showed that Al(III) formed a complex with carboxyl groups on collagen. Al-27 NMR revealed the formation of a second sphere complex between collagen and aluminum. The effects of AI(III) binding on the thermal stability of collagen were studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy of soluble complexes and differential scanning calorimetry of insoluble complexes. Comparison of AI(III)-collagen interactions with Cr(III)-collagen interactions is expected to provide insight into a more generalized mechanism for tanning. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ebrown@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 100 IS 10 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 975GL UT WOS:000232648900004 ER PT J AU Daun, JK Thomas, R AF Daun, JK Thomas, R TI Fat content of oilseeds used as foods is dependent on the method of determination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID KJELDAHL C1 Canadian Grain Commis, Grain Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G9, Canada. USDA, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Daun, JK (reprint author), Canadian Grain Commis, Grain Res Lab, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G9, Canada. EM jdaun@grainscanada.gc.ca NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 10 BP 767 EP 769 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1141-y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 986VL UT WOS:000233477700011 ER PT J AU Olsen, DS Roper, BB Kershner, JL Henderson, R Archer, E AF Olsen, DS Roper, BB Kershner, JL Henderson, R Archer, E TI Sources of variability in conducting pebble counts: Their potential influence on the results of stream monitoring programs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pebble count; variability; rivers and streams; sediment; monitoring; watershed management ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ATTRIBUTES; PRECISION; ROUGHNESS; SEDIMENTS; ACCURACY; CHANNELS; HABITAT; SCALE AB Pebble counts have been used for a variety of monitoring projects and are an important component of stream evaluation efforts throughout the United States. The utility of pebble counts as a monitoring tool is, however, based on the monitoring objectives and the assumption that data are collected with sufficient precision to meet those objectives. Depending upon the objective, sources of variability that can limit the precision of pebble count data include substrate heterogeneity at a site, differences in substrate among sample locations within a stream reach, substrate variability among streams, differences in when the substrate sample is collected, differences in how and where technicians pick up substrate particles, and how consistently technicians measure the intermediate axis of a selected particle. This study found that each of these sources of variability is of sufficient magnitude to affect results of monitoring projects. Therefore, actions such as observer training, increasing the number of pebbles measured, evaluating several riffles within a reach, evaluating permanent sites, and narrowing the time window during which pebble counts are conducted should be considered in order to minimize variability. The failure to account for sources of variability associated with pebble counts within the study design may result in failing to meet monitoring objectives. C1 US Forest Serv, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, US Forest Serv, Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Olsen, DS (reprint author), BIO WEST Inc, 1063 W 1400 N, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM dolsen@bio-west.com RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1236 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03796.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 972JT UT WOS:000232450800015 ER PT J AU Cho, MJ Howard, LR Prior, RL Clark, JR AF Cho, MJ Howard, LR Prior, RL Clark, JR TI Flavonol glycosides and antioxidant capacity of various blackberry and blueberry genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flavonol glycoside; antioxident capacity; ORAC(FL); PCL; blackberry; blueberry; HPLC/MS ID VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; QUERCETIN; FRUITS; OXYGEN; IDENTIFICATION; STRAWBERRIES; CRANBERRIES; KAEMPFEROL AB Flavonol glycoside composition and content in blueberry and blackberry extracts were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method coupled with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of crude and fractionated flavonol extracts were also determined by the oxygen radical-absorbing capacity (ORAC(FL)) and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays. Eight flavonols of quercetin and quercetin-sugar conjugates were identified in Kiowa blackberry, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, [6"-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-beta-galactoside, glucosylpentoside and oxalylpentoside. Thirteen flavonols were detected in Ozarkblue blueberry. Of these, myricetin 3-hexoside and 12 quercetin-sugar conjugates, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, glucosylpentoside, caffeoylglucoside, oxalylpentoside, rhamnoside, dimethoxyrhamnoside, acetylgalactoside and acetylglucoside, were identified. In Bluecrop, blueberry, two additional quercetin-sugar conjugates were identified, namely glucuronide and caffeoylgalactoside. Quercetin glycosides accounted for 75% of total flavonols in the blueberry genotypes. Total flavonol contents ranged from 99 to 150 mg kg(-1) for blackberries and from 192 to 320 mg kg(-1) for blueberries. Quenching of peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals by the flavonol fractions ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) kg(-1) and from 0.5 to 0.7 mmol TE kg(-1) respectively for blackberries and from 2.9 to 5.2 mmol TE kg(-1) and from 0.8 to 1.4 mmol TE kg(-1) respectively for blueberries. The HPLC method allowed for complete separation and identification of flavonols commonly found in blackberries, and blueberries. Our results showed that blueberry and blackberry genotypes varied significantly in flavonol content and antioxidant capacity. Even though total flavonol content did not correlate well with antioxidant capacity, their ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals was apparent. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 38 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 39 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 85 IS 13 BP 2149 EP 2158 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2209 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 971HX UT WOS:000232375900002 ER PT J AU Walker, JL Silletti, AM AF Walker, JL Silletti, AM TI A three-year demographic study of Harper's Beauty (Harperocallis flava McDaniel), an endangered Florida endemic SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE demography; endangered species; Florida; Harperocallis flava; Harper's Beauty; longleaf pine; seepage bogs ID RARE; DYNAMICS AB Harperocallisflava is a federally listed endangered plant narrowly endemic to the Florida panhandle. A lack of knowledge about Harperocallis population dynamics currently hinders conservation planning. Our objectives included describing ramet size, reproductive status, and mortality and recruitment rates in natural populations of H. flava. In 1998, we established permanent plots and marked individual ramets at six sites representing two habitat types in Apalachicola National Forest. At each site, we established : 3 plots of varying size (0.12-1.8 m(2)) to include similar to 300 ramets / site. In the first year we tagged, recorded reproductive status of, and measured individual ramets ( # of leaves, longest leaf length). In 1999 and 2000, new ramets were tagged and all tagged ramets were remeasured. Analysis of variance methods were used to detect site, year, and habitat effects on response variables. Total number of ramets sampled varied between sites and declined from year to year. The proportion of ramets bearing reproductive structures was low (0.01 to 0.10) and varied with site and year. Logistic regression indicated that larger ramets were more likely to produce reproductive structures, and that smaller ramets suffered higher mortality. There were significant habitat and year effects on mortality; recruitment differed between years. The relatively short duration of this study precluded examination of potentially important fire effects. A rhizomatous habit and unexpected levels of crayfish-induced mortality suggest that knowledge of population structure and processes at larger scales is needed to develop effective monitoring and management strategies for H. flava. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Walker, JL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM joanwalker@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 132 IS 4 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[551:ATDSOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 013HG UT WOS:000235399800002 ER PT J AU McEwan, RW Paratley, RD Muller, RN Riccardi, CL AF McEwan, RW Paratley, RD Muller, RN Riccardi, CL TI The vascular flora of an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest in southeastern Kentucky SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE old-growth forest; flora; species richness; Cumberland Plateau; Lilley Cornett Woods ID LILLEY-CORNETT-WOODS; VEGETATION PATTERNS; EASTERN KENTUCKY; UNITED-STATES; OHIO; DYNAMICS; COUNTY; PLANTS; HERB AB Because the goal of natural areas management is often the preservation of biodiversity, documenting botanical species richness is critically important. We conducted a series of botanical surveys in Big Everidge Hollow, a 52 ha watershed containing old-growth forest, on the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky. We contrasted our findings with a floristic survey that included parts of our study area, conducted approximately 20 years prior. Our research, from 1999 through 2001, yielded 263 species from 176 genera and 82 families, including 19 species that were new records from the site. These new species may have been overlooked in the previous study because of their scarcity or highly cryptic taxonomy, or they may have established in the years between studies. Of the 263 species recorded in our surveys, only one is considered non-native. This remarkable absence of exotic species indicates the high levels of "ecological integrity" inherent the study site and suggests an increasingly vital role for old-growth forests as reference ecosystems. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Santa Barbara Bot Garden, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP McEwan, RW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM mcewan.1@ohio.edu NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 132 IS 4 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[618:TVFOAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 013HG UT WOS:000235399800009 ER PT J AU Baker, PJ Scowcroft, PG AF Baker, PJ Scowcroft, PG TI Stocking guidelines for the endemic Hawaiian hardwood, Acacia koa SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growing space index; Hawaii; spacing; silviculture; thinning ID WATER-USE; PRODUCTIVITY; FOREST AB Stocking relationships are an important tool for foresters because they provide a means for evaluating how effectively the trees in a stand use available growing space. While stocking guidelines are not available for many tropical tree species, readily obtained measurements of stem and crown diameters can be used to develop preliminary stocking guidelines for most tree species. We demonstrate this approach for the endemic Hawaiian hardwood, Acacia koa, a species of major ecological and economic value in Hawaii. Using data from repeated censuses of multiple sites, we evaluated the influence of site quality and stand age on stocking guidelines for A. koa. Our results demonstrated that A. koa required less canopy space for a given dbh on moist windward. sites than on drier leeward sites. In addition, we showed that on the windward sites A. koa required relatively less crown space with increasing tree size, whereas on the leeward site the opposite pattern was found. Size-density data from permanent inventory plots at the leeward study site showed excellent correspondence with the stocking guideline derived from the stem-crown diameter allometry. These stocking guidelines can be used to guide the establishment of new A. koa stands or to develop thinning regimes where information from spacing and thinning trials is not available and until better information is available. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM patrick.baker@sci.monash.edu.au OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST RESEARCH INST MALAYSIA PI KUALA LUMPUR PA PUBLICATION UNIT, KEPONG, KUALA LUMPUR 52109, MALAYSIA SN 0128-1283 J9 J TROP FOR SCI JI J. Trop. For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 610 EP 624 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 988FG UT WOS:000233576700013 ER PT J AU Reed, SE Tsai, CW Willie, KJ Redinbaugh, MG Hogenhout, SA AF Reed, SE Tsai, CW Willie, KJ Redinbaugh, MG Hogenhout, SA TI Shotgun sequencing of the negative-sense RNA genome of the rhabdovirus Maize mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW NET VIRUS; ACCUMULATION; ORGANIZATION; PURIFICATION; PLANTHOPPER; PROTEIN; PLANT AB The maize-infecting nucleorhabdovirus, Maize mosaic virus (MMV), was sequenced to near completion using the random shotgun approach. Sequences of 102 clones from a cDNA library constructed from randomly-primed viral RNA were compiled into a 12,133 nucleotide(nt)contig containing six open reading frames. The contig consisted of 97 sequences averaging 660 bp in length. The average sequence coverage was six-fold, and 93% of the contig had sequence reads covering both strands. The remaining sequence was derived from single (5%) or multiple (2%) reads on the same strand. Three of the six ORFs showed significant similarities to the deduced protein sequences of the nucleocapsid, glycoprotein and polymerase sequences of other rhabdoviruses. The predicted gene order of the MMV genome was 3'-N-P-3-M-G-L-5'. Shotgun sequencing of the MMV genome took approximately 127 h and cost $ 0.38 per nt (including labor), whereas the primer walking approach for sequencing the 13,782-nt MFSV genome [Tsai, C.-W, Redinbaugh, M.G., Willie, K.J., Reed, S., Goodin, M., Hogenhout, S. A., 2005. Complete genome gequence and in planta subcellular localization of maize fine streak virus proteins. J. Virol. 79, 5304-53141 took about 217 h and cost $ 0.50 per nt. Thus, the shotgun approach gave good depth of coverage for the viral genome sequence while being significantly faster and less expensive than the primer walking method. This technique will facilitate the sequencing of multiple rhabdovirus genomes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Hogenhout, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM hogenhout.1@osu.edu RI Tsai, Chi-Wei/A-8139-2008; Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013; OI TSAI, CHI-WEI/0000-0002-3880-7251 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2005 VL 129 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.05.013 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 965FS UT WOS:000231936500011 PM 16005085 ER PT J AU Rieder, E Henry, T Duque, H Baxt, B AF Rieder, E Henry, T Duque, H Baxt, B TI Analysis of a foot-and-mouth disease virus type A(24) isolate containing an SGD receptor recognition site in vitro and its pathogenesis in cattle SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLY-ASP MOTIF; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; CELL RECOGNITION; BINDING SITE; INFECTION; CULTURE; ANTIBODY; LOOP; HYBRIDIZATION AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) initiates infection by binding to integrin receptors via an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence found in the G-H loop of the structural protein VP1. Following serial passages of a type A(24) Cruzeiro virus (A(24)Cru) in bovine, via tongue inoculation, a virus was generated which contained an SGD sequence in the cell receptor-binding site and expressed a turbid plaque phenotype in BHK-21 cells. Propagation of this virus in these cells resulted in the rapid selection of viruses that grew to higher titers, produced clear plaques, and now contained an RGD sequence in place of the original SGD. To study the role of the SGD sequence in FMDV receptor recognition and bovine virulence, we assembled an infectious cDNA clone of an RGD-containing A(24)Cru and derived mutant clones containing either SGD with a single nucleotide substitution in the R.44 codon or double substitutions at this position to prevent mutation of the S to an R. The SGD viruses grew poorly in BHK-21 cells and stably maintained the sequence during propagation in BHK-21 cells expressing the bovine alpha(V)beta(6) integrin (BHK3-alpha(V)beta(6)), as well as in experimentally infected and contact steers. While all the SGD-containing viruses used only the bovine alpha(V)beta(6) integrin as a cellular receptor with relatively high efficiency, the revertant RGD viruses utilized either the alpha(V)beta(3) or alpha(V)beta(3) bovine integrins with higher efficiency than alpha(V)beta(6) and grew well in BHK-21 cells. Replacing the R at the -1 SGD position with either K or E showed that this residue did not contribute to integrin utilization in vitro. These results illustrate the rapid evolution of FMDV with alteration in receptor specificity and suggest that viruses with sequences other than RGD, but closely related to it, can still infect via integrin receptors and induce and transmit the disease to susceptible animals. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM erieder@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 79 IS 20 BP 12989 EP 12998 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.20.12989.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 969OI UT WOS:000232243200039 PM 16189001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, EJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L AF Jenkins, EJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L TI Development and pathogenesis of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda : Protostrongylidae) in experimentally infected thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE life cycle; neurologic; Ovis dalli; Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei; pathogenesis; protostrongylid; thinhorn sheep; treatment ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-RANGIFERI NEMATODA; MUSKOXEN OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; ANDERSONI NEMATODA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; DRUG-TREATMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; METASTRONGYLOIDEA AB Recently, the protostrongylid nematode Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has been reported in a new host species, thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli). For the first time, we completed the life cycle of P. odocoilei in three Stone's sheep (O. dalli stonei) and two thinhorn hybrids (O. dalli stonei X O. dalli dalli), each infected with 200 third-stage larvae from slugs (Deroceras laeve). The prepatent period ranged from 68 days to 74 days, and shedding of first-stage larvae (L1) peaked at > 10,000 L1 per gram of feces between 90 and 110 days postinfection. A total of 75, 27, and 14 adult P odocoilei were recovered from skeletal muscles of three Stone's sheep. Starting in the prepatent period, all infected sheep lost weight and developed peripheral eosinophilia. At 2 wk before patency, two thinhorn hybrids developed neurologic signs (hind end ataxia, loss of conscious proprioception, and hyperesthesia) that resolved at patency. Eosinophilic pleocytosis and antibody to Parelaphostrongylus spp. were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of the affected sheep, suggesting that the migration route of the "muscle worth" P odocoilei may involve the central nervous system. Twenty days after treatment with ivermectin, neurologic signs recurred and larval shedding ceased in one infected thinhorn hybrid, whereas Multiple treatments transiently suppressed but did not eliminate larval shedding in the other. During patency, two Stone's sheep with numerous eggs and larvae of P. odocoilei in the lungs died of respiratory failure following anesthesia or exertion. Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has widespread geographic distribution, high prevalence, the possibility of causing neurologic and respiratory disease, resistance to treatment, and may constitute a significant emerging disease risk for thinhorn sheep. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 6B4, Canada. USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, EJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 6B4, Canada. EM emily.jenkins@usask.ca NR 50 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 669 EP 682 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013AB UT WOS:000235380900001 PM 16456155 ER PT J AU Schoelkopf, L Hutchinson, CE Bendele, KG Goff, WL Willette, M Rasmussen, JM Holman, PJ AF Schoelkopf, L Hutchinson, CE Bendele, KG Goff, WL Willette, M Rasmussen, JM Holman, PJ TI New ruminant hosts and wider geographic range identified for Babesia odocoilei (Emerson and Wright 1970) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Babesia odocoilei; babesiosis; Bovidae; Cervidae; desert bighorn sheep; musk ox; small subunit ribosomal RNA gene ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; OVIS-CANADENSIS-NELSONI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; INVITRO CULTIVATION; UNITED-STATES; VIRGINIANUS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; IXODIDAE; TEXAS AB Babesia odocoilei was found to infect two previously unknown host species, desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) and musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus), both of which are members of the family Bovidae. Previously, B. odocoilei has been reported in only Cervidae hosts. New geographic regions where B. odocoilei infections have not been reported previously include Pennsylvania and New York, where fatal babesiosis has occurred in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus); New Hampshire, where elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) have been affected; and California, home of the infected desert bighorn sheep. Infection with B. odocoilei in these hosts was confirmed by parasite small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis. A serosurvey for B. odocoilei antibody activity in New Hampshire showed prevalence rates of 100% at two elk farms and 12% at another farm. Control of potential vector ticks, Ixodes scapidaris, especially when translocating livestock, is imperative to prevent outbreaks of babesiosis in managed herds of potential host species. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cartigan Vet Clin, Canaan, NH 03741 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Minnesota Zool Gardens, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA. RP Holman, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pholman@cvm.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 683 EP 690 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013AB UT WOS:000235380900002 PM 16456156 ER PT J AU Francis, CM Bart, J Dunn, EH Burnham, KP Ralph, CJ AF Francis, CM Bart, J Dunn, EH Burnham, KP Ralph, CJ TI Enhancing the value of the Breeding Bird Survey: Reply to Sauer et al. (2005) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; bird surveys; monitoring; North American Breeding Bird Survey; population trends; trend estimation ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; POPULATION TRENDS; LINEAR-MODEL; ABUNDANCE AB Bart. et al (2004a) proposed several approaches for enhancing the considerable value of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Sauer et al. (2005) critiqued some of these approaches, and emphasized alternative goals the Survey. We agree with many of the suggestions of Sauer et al. (2005); notably that multispecies, large-scale Surveys such as the BBS are most valuable for bird conservation if they achieve Multiple objectives. Nevertheless, we strongly assert that estimation of long-term trends is of fundamental importance for identifying important, conservation issues and determining which species represent priorities for conservation efforts, as has been repeatedly demonstrated in the past. We are confident that our recommendations for enhancing the ability of the BBS to detect trends-reducing bias, explicitly recognizing that. all bias cannot be eliminated, and increasing sample size in poorly covered areas-can only enhance, and not detract from, the value of the BBS for other purposes. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Francis, CM (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM Charles.Francis@ec.gc.ca NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1332 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1327:ETVOTB]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700003 ER PT J AU Gantz, GF Knowlton, FF AF Gantz, GF Knowlton, FF TI Seasonal activity areas of coyotes in the Bear River Mountains of Utah and Idaho SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial telemetry; Canis latrans; coyote; dispersal; Idaho; migration; mountains; radiotelemetry; seasonal movements; Utah ID DOMESTIC SHEEP; HOME-RANGE; NORTHWESTERN MONTANA; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PREDATION; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; CAPTURE; ECOLOGY; LOSSES AB We Studied the seasonal movement patterns and dispersal of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Bear River Mountains of northern Utah and southern Idaho to determine whether coyotes ill this montane region exhibit an altitudinal migration on a seasonal basis. We used 3 locational parameters to assess whether a seasonal altitudinal migration was evident, including overlap in seasonal activity areas, distance between harmonic mean centers of activity, and seasonal differences in mean elevations of locations. Winter and summer activity areas of every mature coyote overlapped, with mean distances between harmonic centers of seasonal activity of 1.5 km (range = 0.4-3.3 kin). Conversely, there was no overlap between summer and winter activity areas of any subadult coyotes, with mean distances between their harmonic seasonal centers of activity of 35.8 km (range = 16.7-68.4 km). Significant changes in elevation of seasonal locations were not evident for any sex or age group. We conclude that the movement of subadult coyotes in the Bear River Range was part of typical dispersal behavior and was not motivated by seasonal change, with such wandering generally ceasing during the coyotes' second year of age. We also conclude that adult Coyotes utilized similar areas in summer as in winter, with no evidence of seasonal movements between Mountain and locations at lower elevations. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Knowlton, FF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM knowlton@cc.usu.edu NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1652 EP 1659 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1652:SAAOCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 028HV UT WOS:000236478700031 ER PT J AU Golde, WT Gollobin, P Rodriguez, LL AF Golde, WT Gollobin, P Rodriguez, LL TI A rapid, simple, and humane method for submandibular bleeding of mice using a lancet SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD; MOUSE AB Methods for obtaining blood samples from mice tend to be difficult, inhumane, or both. The authors describe an inexpensive, disposable, single-use lancet for submandibular bleeding of mice that allows investigators to quickly draw 0.2-0.5 ml of blood without the use of anesthesia. C1 USDA, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. MediPoint Inc, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM wgolde@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 9 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1038/laban1005-39 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970YQ UT WOS:000232348700008 PM 16195737 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH AF Gobster, PH TI Recreation and leisure research from an active living perspective: Taking a second look at urban trail use data SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physical activity; urban parks; logistic regression; ecological models; Chicago ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ADULTS PARTICIPATION; RAIL-TRAIL; WALKING; HEALTH; ASSOCIATIONS; REFLECTIONS; PATTERNS; OBESITY AB This paper examines recreation and leisure research within the context of active living, and highlights an apparent gap between the current involvement of recreation and leisure researchers and the potential they could offer to this important and expanding area of inquiry. To illustrate this potential, I looked at two previous studies that focused on the recreational use of urban trails and reanalyzed the data from an active living perspective. In Study 1, individual, social and environmental factors helped distinguish between low, moderate, and high activity level trail uses. In Study 2, use patterns helped distinguish between health-motivated trail users and individuals using trails for recreation and other purposes, but perceptual and demographic data were similar among groups. Findings from similar studies can help inform active living research, and recreation and leisure studies can provide leadership and contributions to a transdisciplinary understanding of active living. C1 USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM pgobster@fs.fed.us RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 54 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1080/01490400500225674 PG 17 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 963AH UT WOS:000231774400003 ER PT J AU Chen, LW Collins, XXH Tabatabai, LB White, WS AF Chen, LW Collins, XXH Tabatabai, LB White, WS TI Use of a C-13 tracer to investigate lutein as a ligand for plasma transthyretin in humans SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; HUMAN MACULAR PIGMENT; THYROXINE-BINDING; RAT EYE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZEAXANTHIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEGENERATION; EPITHELIUM; COMPLEX AB The selective accumulation of lutein in the macula of the human retina is likely to be mediated by specific transport and/or binding proteins. Our objective was to determine whether transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma transport protein for lutein. We used a biosynthetic C-13-lutein tracer and GC-combustion interfaced-isotope ratio MS to gain the requisite sensitivity to detect the minute amounts of lutein expected as a physiological ligand for TTR. Subjects (n = 4) each ingested 1 mg of C-13-lutein daily for 3 d and donated blood 24 h after the final dose. For three subjects, the plasma TTR-retinol-binding protein (RBP) complex was partially purified by anion-exchange (diethylaminoethyl, DEAE) chromatography and then dissociated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography to yield the TTR component. For subject 4, the initial DEAE purification step was omitted and total plasma TTR (RBP-bound and free) was isolated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. In each case, the crude TTR fractions were then purified to homogeneity by RBP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Pure TTR was extracted with chloroform, and unlabeled lutein was added to the extract as a carrier. The mean C-13/C-12 ratio (expressed in delta notation, delta(13)C) of the lutein fraction isolated from the plasma TTR extracts of the four subjects was -30.53 +/- 3.29%.. The delta(13)C value of the unlabeled lutein carrier was -30.97 +/- 0.27%.. Thus, no C-13 enrichment was detected in association with TTR. We conclude that lutein is not associated with TTR in human plasma after being ingested in physiological amounts. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ctr Designing Food Improve Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP White, WS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ctr Designing Food Improve Nutr, 1111 Human Nutr Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wswhite@iastate.edu NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD OCT PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s11745-005-1464-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 986YV UT WOS:000233486500005 PM 16382573 ER PT J AU Debboun, M Burge, R Klun, JA Lee, HC Kim, HC Klein, TA AF Debboun, M Burge, R Klun, JA Lee, HC Kim, HC Klein, TA TI Field-user acceptability of new camouflage face paint formulations in the Republic of Korea SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB New formulations of camouflage face paint (CFP), one with 30% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and the other without DEET, were evaluated for soldier-user acceptability during a military field-training exercise in the Republic of Korea. Soldiers testing the CFP formulations were members of one of four U.S. Army infantry companies (A, B, C, or D). The formulations were evaluated while soldiers participated in simulated combat exercises for 5 days during hot, humid summer weather in Korea. Results showed that soldiers found both of the new formulations easier to apply (91.3% of respondents who used CFP without DEET and 87.9% of respondents who used CFP with DEET) and remove (82.6% without DEET and 81.2% with DEET) than the previous standard military-issue CFP. Soldier acceptability was higher for the new CFP formulation with 30% DEET (70.5%) than for the formulation without 30% DEET (52.9%). Soldiers recommended it more frequently (70.5%) than the formulation without 30% DEET (50.0%). The new CFP formulation with 30% DEET was rated more often (79.5%) as either good or excellent than the new formulation without 30% DEET (67.4%). Soldiers reported that the CFP formulation with 30% DEET more successfully camouflaged the face (92.7%) than the formulation without 30% DEET (80.0%). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Med Command 18th, Unit 15247, APO, AP 96205 USA. RP Debboun, M (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Med Zool Branch, Acad Hlth Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM mustapha.debboun@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 170 IS 10 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JR UT WOS:000235831900004 PM 16435753 ER PT J AU Sun, DJ He, ZH Xia, XC Zhang, LP Morris, CF Appels, R Ma, WJ Wang, H AF Sun, DJ He, ZH Xia, XC Zhang, LP Morris, CF Appels, R Ma, WJ Wang, H TI A novel STS marker for polyphenol oxidase activity in bread wheat SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE bread wheat; marker-assisted selection; polyphenol oxidase activity; STS marker ID CANTONESE NOODLE COLOR; WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; GENES; CULTIVARS; SEQUENCE; INTRONS; COMMON; SITES; FLOUR; LOCI AB The enzyme activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in grain has been related to undersirable brown discoloration of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based end-products, particularly for Asian noodles. Breeding wheat cultivars with low PPO activity is the best approach to reduce the undesirable darkening. Molecular markers could greatly improve selection efficiency in breeding programs. Based on the sequences of PPO genes (GenBank Accession Numbers AY596268, AY596269 and AY596270) conditioning PPO activity during kernel development, 28 pairs of primers were designed using the software 'DNAMAN'. One of the markers from AY596268, designated as PPO18, can amplify a 685-bp and an 876-bp fragment in the cultivars with high and low PPO activity, respectively. The difference of 191-bp size was detected in the intron region of the PPO gene. The STS marker PPO18 was mapped to chromosome 2AL using a DH population derived from a cross Zhongyou 9507 x CA9632, a set of nulli-tetrasomic lines and ditelosomic line 2AS of Chinese Spring. QTL analysis indicated that the PPO gene co-segregated with the STS marker PPO18 and is closely linked to Xgwm312 and Xgwm294 on chromosome 2AL, explaining 28-43% of phenotypic variance for PPO activity across three environments. A total of 233 Chinese wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to validate the correlation between the polymorphic fragments of PPO18 and grain PPO activity. The results showed that PPO18 is a co-dominant, efficient and reliable molecular marker for PPO activity and can be used in wheat breeding programs targeted for noodle quality improvement. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Murdoch Univ, Western Australia Dept Agr, Mol Plant Breeding CRC, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Agron, Yangling, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.net.cn; xiaxianchun@caas.net.cn RI Ma, Wujun/F-5957-2010; He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1007/s11032-005-6618-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 987QH UT WOS:000233531900003 ER PT J AU Martin, WJ McCallum, J Shigyo, M Jakse, J Kuhl, JC Yamane, N Pither-Joyce, M Gokce, AF Sink, KC Town, CD Havey, MJ AF Martin, WJ McCallum, J Shigyo, M Jakse, J Kuhl, JC Yamane, N Pither-Joyce, M Gokce, AF Sink, KC Town, CD Havey, MJ TI Genetic mapping of expressed sequences in onion and in silico comparisons with rice show scant colinearity SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE expressed sequence tags (ESTs); genetic markers; restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs); simple sequence repeats (SSRs); single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; DUPLICATE GENES; EXTENSIVE CONSERVATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; ORTHOLOGOUS REGION; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GRASS GENOMES; LINKAGE MAPS; MAIZE AB The Poales (which include the grasses) and Asparagales [which include onion (Allium cepa L.) and other Allium species] are the two most economically important monocot orders. Enormous genomic resources have been developed for the grasses; however, their applicability to other major monocot groups, such as the Asparagales, is unclear. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from onion that showed significant similarities (80% similarity over at least 70% of the sequence) to single positions in the rice genome were selected. One hundred new genetic markers developed from these ESTs were added to the intraspecific map derived from the BYG15-23xAC43 segregating family, producing 14 linkage groups encompassing 1,907 cM at LOD 4. Onion linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes using alien addition lines of Allium fistulosum L. carrying single onion chromosomes. Visual comparisons of genetic linkage in onion with physical linkage in rice revealed scant colinearity; however, short regions of colinearity could be identified. Our results demonstrate that the grasses may not be appropriate genomic models for other major monocot groups such as the Asparagales; this will make it necessary to develop genomic resources for these important plants. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Agr, Yamaguchi 7538515, Japan. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Uludag Univ, Dept Hort, TR-16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu RI Shigyo, Masayoshi/A-3105-2012; OI Shigyo, Masayoshi/0000-0003-4014-6613; Jakse, Jernej/0000-0002-8907-1627 NR 68 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD OCT PY 2005 VL 274 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s00438-005-0007-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 976GW UT WOS:000232722000001 PM 16025250 ER PT J AU Tsitsigiannis, DI Kunze, S Willis, DK Feussner, L Keller, NP AF Tsitsigiannis, DI Kunze, S Willis, DK Feussner, L Keller, NP TI Aspergillus infection inhibits the expression of peanut 13S-HPODE-forming seed lipoxygenases SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; defense ID LIPID BODY LIPOXYGENASE; METHYL JASMONATE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; POTATO; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIDULANS; GENES; HYDROPEROXIDES; PEROXIDATION; INVOLVEMENT AB Oxylipins recently have been implicated as signaling molecules for cross-kingdom communication in plant-pathogen interactions. Linoleic acid and its two plant lipoxygenase (LOX) oxylipin products 9- and 13-hydroperoxy fatty acids (9S- and 13S-HPODE) have been shown to have a significant effect on differentiation processes in the mycotoxigenic seed pathogens Aspergillus spp. Whereas both fatty acids promote sporulation, 9S-HPODE stimulates and 13S-HPODE inhibits mycotoxin production. Additionally, Aspergillus flavus infection of seed promotes linoleate 9-LOX expression and 9S-HPODE accumulation. Here, we describe the characterization of two peanut seed lipoxygenase alleles (PnLOX2 and PnLOX3) highly expressed in mature seed. PnLOX2 and PnLOX3 both are 13S-HPODE producers (linoleate 13-LOX) and, in contrast to previously characterized 9-LOX or mixed function LOX genes, are repressed between 5-fold and 250-fold over the course of A. flavus infection. The results of these studies suggest that 9S-HPODE and 13S-HPODE molecules act as putative susceptibility and resistance factors respectively, in Aspergillus seed-aflatoxin interactions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Gottingen, Albrecht Von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Plant Biochem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Keller, NP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM npk@plantpath.wisc.edu OI Feussner, Ivo/0000-0002-9888-7003 NR 48 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1089 DI 10.1094/MPMI-18-1081 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 965QL UT WOS:000231965300007 PM 16255247 ER PT J AU Huang, B Li, CR Humber, RA Hodge, KT Fan, MZ Li, ZZ AF Huang, B Li, CR Humber, RA Hodge, KT Fan, MZ Li, ZZ TI Molecular evidence for the taxonomic status of Metarhizium taii and its teleomorph, Cordyceps taii (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE molecular systematics; anamorph-teleomorph connection; synonymy Cordyceps brittlebankisoides ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOMAL DNA; GENUS METARHIZIUM; PHYLOGENY; PATHOGEN; STRAINS; COMPLEX; NOV AB ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA was amplified, cloned and sequenced from the stroma of Cordyceps taii, mycelium of Metarhizium taii and cultures of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae from China. Analysis of integrated data of different strains and varieties of M. anisopliae and M. flavoviride from GenBank showed that Metarhizium taii should be treated as a synonym of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae. The ITSI-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences of C. taii and M. taii are identical, indicating that the teleomorph of M. anisophae var. anisopliae is Cordyceps taii. C1 Anhui Agr Univ, Anhui Prov Key Lab Microbial Pest Control, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, ZZ (reprint author), Anhui Agr Univ, Anhui Prov Key Lab Microbial Pest Control, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. EM zzli@ahau.edu.cn NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 94 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 044JX UT WOS:000237669600016 ER PT J AU Huang, B Humber, RA Li, SG Li, ZZ Hodge, KT AF Huang, B Humber, RA Li, SG Li, ZZ Hodge, KT TI Further notes on the molecular taxonomy of Metarhizium SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungi; Clavicipitaceae; synonymy ID PATHOGEN AB The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions from Metarhizium guizhouense, M, pingshaense, M. iadini, and four other Metarhizium isolates were amplified and sequenced. Bayesian analyses showed that M. pingshaense should be treated as synonym of M. anisophae var. anisophae; that M. guizhouense should be treated as a synonym of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae; and that M. iadini is a later synonym of M. flavoviride var. pemphigi. Several previously unidentified isolates, RCEF0898, ACCC30130 and RCEF 1259, the taxonomic positions of which have been unclear or suspicious, were identified as M. anisopliaevar. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae and M. flavoviride var. pemphigi, respectively. C1 Anhui Agr Univ, Anhui Prov Key Lab Microbial Pest Control, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Soil & Fertilizer Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Li, ZZ (reprint author), Anhui Agr Univ, Anhui Prov Key Lab Microbial Pest Control, Hefei 230036, Peoples R China. EM zzli@ahau.edu.cn NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 94 BP 181 EP 187 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 044JX UT WOS:000237669600021 ER PT J AU Ostlund, L Keane, B Arno, S Andersson, R AF Ostlund, L Keane, B Arno, S Andersson, R TI Culturally scarred trees in the Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana, USA - Interpreting native American historical forest use in a wilderness area SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bark peeling; bark-peeled trees; culturally modified trees; forest history; ponderosa pine ID SWEDEN; FOOD AB Wilderness areas are primarily set aside to protect natural ecosystems and processes. However, most protected areas have a long history of native peoples' land use predating their protection. The general paucity of evidence in the form of historical records, in combination with romantic views of native peoples' effects on nature, often leads to their impact being underestimated. The analysis of culturally modified trees in protected old-growth forests has increasingly been recognised as an important tool for analyzing long-term trends in native peoples' land use. The aim of this study was to gather evidence of native peoples' use of the ponderosa pine forest in the South Fork Valley of the Bob Marshall Wilderness area, Montana, USA, by analyzing trees with bark-peeling scars (the result of past inner bark collection) and then using written historical and ethnographic records (as far as possible) to corroborate the information obtained. The method used (peeling) to collect the inner bark did not kill the trees, thus leaving live trees with characteristic scars, which can be dated by using dendrochronology. We studied 138 bark-peeling scars on trees at four sites within this wilderness area, and the results show that Native American tribes visited the area regularly in the spring to collect ponderosa pine inner bark at specific sites. The majority of the scars were from the 1800s, the oldest scar was from 1665 and the youngest from 1938. Between 20% and 25% of the old ponderosa pines at the studied sites had such scars. These results indicate that analysis of culturally modified trees can provide a detailed temporal and spatial record of the presence of native peoples in a remote wilderness area and can be used to analyze important aspects of historic human land use. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Vegetat Ecol, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Ostlund, L (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Vegetat Ecol, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Lars.Ostlund@svek.slu.se OI Ostlund, Lars/0000-0002-7902-3672 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 315 EP 325 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 979KE UT WOS:000232940000002 ER PT J AU Baker, SC Bauer, SR Beyer, RP Brenton, JD Bromley, B Burrill, J Causton, H Conley, MP Elespuru, R Fero, M Foy, C Fuscoe, J Gao, XL Gerhold, DL Gilles, P Goodsaid, F Guo, X Hackett, J Hockett, RD Ikonomi, P Irizarry, RA Kawasaki, ES Kaysser-Kranich, T Kerr, K Kiser, G Koch, WH Lee, KY Liu, CM Liu, ZL Lucas, A Manohar, CF Miyada, G Modrusan, Z Parkes, H Puri, RK Reid, L Ryder, TB Salit, M Samaha, RR Scherf, U Sendera, TJ Setterquist, RA Shi, LM Shippy, R Soriano, JV Wagar, EA Warrington, JA Williams, M Wilmer, F Wilson, M Wolber, PK Wu, XN Zadro, R AF Baker, SC Bauer, SR Beyer, RP Brenton, JD Bromley, B Burrill, J Causton, H Conley, MP Elespuru, R Fero, M Foy, C Fuscoe, J Gao, XL Gerhold, DL Gilles, P Goodsaid, F Guo, X Hackett, J Hockett, RD Ikonomi, P Irizarry, RA Kawasaki, ES Kaysser-Kranich, T Kerr, K Kiser, G Koch, WH Lee, KY Liu, CM Liu, ZL Lucas, A Manohar, CF Miyada, G Modrusan, Z Parkes, H Puri, RK Reid, L Ryder, TB Salit, M Samaha, RR Scherf, U Sendera, TJ Setterquist, RA Shi, LM Shippy, R Soriano, JV Wagar, EA Warrington, JA Williams, M Wilmer, F Wilson, M Wolber, PK Wu, XN Zadro, R CA External RNA Controls Consortium TI The external RNA controls consortium: a progress report SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DNA AMPLIFICATION; PCR AB Standard controls and best practice guidelines advance acceptance of data from research, preclinical and clinical Laboratories by providing a means for evaluating data quality. The External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) is developing commonly agreed-upon and tested controls for use in expression assays, a true industry-wide standard control. C1 Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Cambridge, CIMR, Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge CB2 2XY, England. ViaLogy Corp, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll, London SW7 2AZ, England. Enzo Life Sci Inc, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Fed Labs White Oak, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lab Govt Chemist, Bio Mol Innovat, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Atactic Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Merck Sharp Labs, Dept Mol Profiling, West Point, PA 19486 USA. Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Lab, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. NCI, Ctr Adv Technol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. GE Healthcare, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Agilent Technol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Microarray Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. US FDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Express Anal, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Off In Vitro Diagnost Device Evaluat & Safety, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ambion Inc, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Clin Labs, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Qiagen Inc, D-40727 Hilden, Germany. Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Warrington, JA (reprint author), Affymetrix Inc, 3380 Cent Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. EM janet_warrington@affymetrix.com RI Bauer, Steven/G-5559-2012; Kiser, Gretchen/A-3228-2013; OI Brenton, James/0000-0002-5738-6683; Bauer, Steven/0000-0003-2831-846X NR 8 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 10 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1038/nmeth1005-731 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 980FC UT WOS:000232998600009 PM 16179916 ER PT J AU Strickland, JR Custis, MA Ashley, AK Smith, LL Klotz, JL Krehbiel, CR AF Strickland, JR Custis, MA Ashley, AK Smith, LL Klotz, JL Krehbiel, CR TI Clearance of para-aminohippuric acid in wethers consuming locoweed SO NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE locoweed; para-aminohippuric acid; swainsonine; wethers ID BLOOD-FLOW; SWAINSONINE LOCOWEED; SERUM CONSTITUENTS; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; SHEEP; ASTRAGALUS; RATS; LIVESTOCK; STEERS AB AIM: To validate the use of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) as a marker for measuring blood flow in wethers consuming a mixed diet of locoweed and blue grama hay. METHODS: Fourteen sheep, stratified by bodyweight (BW), were assigned to one of three treatments: 0.8 mg swainsonine (SW)/kg BW (HI), 0.2 mg SW/kg BW (LO), and no SW (Control). Sheep were fed various ratios of locoweed and blue grama hay to deliver SW treatments, for 28 days prior to infusion of PAH. Concentrations of SW and activities of alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were measured to confirm exposure to SW and subclinical intoxication. A single 20-ml injection of 5% PAH was delivered into the jugular vein after subclinical intoxication had been achieved. Blood samples were collected and serum analysed for PAH immediately prior to injection, then every 5 min from 5-30 min, and every 10 min from 30-60 min, following injection of PAH. RESULTS: Effective delivery of SW was evident from the greater concentrations of SW measured in the serum of HI compared with LO animals (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the rate of elimination (range 0.097-0.108 L/min), elimination half-life (range 6.62-7.24 min), apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment (range 7.14-9.72 Q, and clearance (range 0.73-0.92 L/min) of PAH, between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical intoxication with SW did not affect the pharmacokinetics of PAH. Thus, use of downstream dilution of PAH is a valid method to determine the rate of blood flow in nutrient flux experiments that involve consumption of locoweed. C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, N-220F Ag Sci N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY ASSOC INC PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 11-212 MANNERS ST, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0048-0169 J9 NEW ZEAL VET J JI N. Z. Vet. J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1080/00480169.2005.36562 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 974LA UT WOS:000232591800004 PM 16220119 ER PT J AU Torrans, EL AF Torrans, EL TI Effect of oxygen management on culture performance of channel catfish in earthen ponds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; WATER-QUALITY; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; AMMONIA; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; AERATION; TILAPIA AB Aeration allows for higher feeding rates and increased production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture systems. However. the effect of specific dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on various production parameters remains unknown. The purpose of this 2-year study was to determine the effect of daily minimum DO concentration on channel catfish production. Six 0.1-ha ponds were each equipped with three 0.37-kW (0.5-hp) aerators and one 0.37-kW circulator. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were monitored and recorded with a commercial oxygen monitor that also controlled aeration. During both years, aeration in the high-oxygen treatment was initiated when the DO concentration dropped below 5.0 mg/L (mean, 64% saturation from May to September); aeration in the low-oxygen treatment was initiated when the DO concentration dropped below 2.5 mg/L (32% saturation; 2001) or 1.5 mg/L (19% saturation; 2002). The minimum DO concentration., resulting from this aeration protocol differed somewhat from aerator set points. In the low-oxygen treatment, delaying aeration until the DO concentration dropped below 2.5 mg/L reduced feed consumption by 6% relative to the high-oxygen treatment. Other production parameters were not significantly different. In 2002, when aeration was delayed until the DO concentration dropped below 1.5 mg/L, the low-oxygen treatment group exhibited reductions in food consumption (45% less than consumption by the high-oxygen treatment), average fish weight (31% less), and net production (54% less). Even at the high feeding rates of 2002 (maxinium of 680 kg (.) ha(-1) (.) d(-1); 44,066 kg/ha total in one pond), other water quality variables were acceptable. Net production in the high-oxygen treatment in 2002 averaged 23,547 kg/ha, a potential record for channel catfish in earthen ponds. Neither the feed conversion ratio nor survival was significantly different between treatments in either year. While these results cannot be directly extrapolated to large commercial ponds, it appears that increased aeration may increase production well above Current commercial levels. C1 USDA ARS, Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Torrans, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ltorrans@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 67 IS 4 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1577/A04-071.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 982AE UT WOS:000233128300001 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Low- and high-carbohydrate diets: Body composition differences in rats SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adipocyte; body composition; energy expenditure; lipogenic transcripts; low-carbohydrate diet ID HIGH-FIBER DIETS; LOW-FAT DIET; WEIGHT-LOSS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESE WOMEN; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS; ADIPOCYTOKINES; RESTRICTION AB MCNEEL, RONALD L. AND HARRY J. MERSMANN. Low- and high-carbohydrate diets: body composition differences in rats. Obes Res. 2005;13:1651-1660. Objective: To determine differences in adipose tissue mass, cell size, and lipid metabolism transcripts and differences in composition of body weight loss and energy expenditure (EE) after isoenergetic, energy-restricted intake of lowcarbohydrate/high-fat/high-protein (LC) and high-carbohydrate/low-fat/moderate-protein (HQ diets. Research Methods and Procedures: Ten-week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet ad libitum for 8 weeks to induce weight gain and fat deposition. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to isoenergetic LC (Atkins) and HC (American Dietary Association Exchange) diets for 10 weeks at 65% of ad libitum energy intake. Results: There was no significant difference in the serum lipid profiles or amount of body weight lost between the HC and LC groups, whereas a higher insulin sensitivity index (p < 0.01) resulted from the HC compared with the LC diet. Compared with the post-restriction LC group, the HC group demonstrated (p < 0.05) higher EE during active hours, lower mRNA levels for the lipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2, lipoprotein lipase, and, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, decreased adipocyte cell volume, and decreased fat mass. Discussion: Results indicated down-regulation of lipogenic genes, decreased fat mass, and, therefore, improved body composition in the post-restriction HC compared with the LC group. The small mean differences between the two diet groups (p = 0.11) in 24-hour EE over the 10 weeks of diet intervention would account for the majority of the lower mean body weights in the post-restriction HC group. These data suggest that macronutrient composition of the diet influences body composition and indicate a distinction between HC and LC diets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McNeel, RL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM rmcneel@bcm.tmc.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1651 EP 1660 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.203 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 987GS UT WOS:000233507000002 PM 16286512 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Jenkins, MC Miska, KB AF Allen, PC Jenkins, MC Miska, KB TI Cross protection studies with Eimeria maxima strains SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; DOMESTIC-FOWL; CHICKENS; TENELLA; COCCIDIOSIS; SELECTION; VIRUS; DRUGS AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in fecundity of Eimeria maxima isolates were related to their abilities to elicit cross-protective immunity. Immunizations were initiated by low-dose gavages of sporulated oocysts to day-old broiler chicks under conditions that allowed parasite recycling, and chickens were challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. Immunization efficacies were measured using a protective index calculated from weight gain, gross lesion score, plasma carotenoid, and NO2- + NO3- data. A 4x4 cross-immunization study of four E. maxima strains (designated A-D) showed that strain A, which displayed the lower fecundity, provided no cross-protection against the other three strains. Following several maintenance passages, the fecundity of strain A was increased to that of strain C, and infection with strain A oocysts was able to provide cross-immune protection against challenge with strain C. This study indicates that parasite fecundity is important in providing good immune stimulation, and should be carefully monitored when characterization of the unique immune potentials of Eimeria strains is undertaken. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1040,Rm 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pallen@ANRI.barc.usda.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1423-6 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 977CK UT WOS:000232779800002 PM 15991044 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Davis, TA TI Developmental regulation of protein kinase B activation is isoform specific in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; INSULIN-SIGNALING PATHWAY; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE; POTENTIAL ROLE; IN-VIVO; SUCKLING PIGS; MICE LACKING; AMINO-ACIDS; AKT; GLUCOSE AB The postprandial activation of the insulin signaling pathway that leads to translation initiation is enhanced in skeletal muscle of the neonate and decreases with development in parallel with the developmental decline in muscle protein synthesis. Our previous study showed that the activity of protein kinase B (PKB), a major insulin signaling component, was higher in 7-than in 26-d-old pigs. To examine the molecular mechanisms involved, we determined PKB isoform abundance and phosphorylation state, the abundance of its kinases, and PKB's association with its kinases. The abundances of total PKB, PKB alpha, and PKB gamma were higher in muscle of 7-than in 26-d-old pigs whereas PKB beta abundance was similar in the two age groups. PKB phosphorylation at Thr308 was higher in 7-than in 26-d-old pigs but PKB phosphorylation at Ser473 was similar in both age groups. The association of PKB with 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), a kinase that phosphorylates PKB at Thr308, and PDK-1 abundance were higher in 7-than in 26-d-old pigs. Moreover, PDK-1 phosphorylation at Ser-241, a site that is crucial for PDK-1 activation, was higher in 7-than in 26-d-old pigs. However, the association of PKB with integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a kinase that potentially phosphorylates PKB at Ser473, and ILK abundance were similar in both age groups. The result suggests that the developmental change in PKB activation is isoform specific and involves regulation by PDK-1. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Nutr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9064, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01-AR44474] NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 58 IS 4 BP 719 EP 724 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000180536.51032.AB PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 968OU UT WOS:000232172600017 PM 16189199 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Stessman, RJ McCormick, SP Millard, MJ AF Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Stessman, RJ McCormick, SP Millard, MJ TI Identification and heritability of fumonisin insensitivity in Zea mays SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Gramineae; maize; teosinte; Gibberella moniliformis; Fusarium verticillioides; phytotoxicity; fumonisins; beauvericin; diacetoxyscirpenol; moniliformin ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; AAL-TOXIN; MAIZE; CORN; GENETICS; PHYTOTOXICITY; DIVERSITY; TOMATO; GENES AB Landraces of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and its wild teosinte relatives (Zea mays spp. parviglumis and mexicana) were surveyed for sensitivity to fumonisin B(1), a phytotoxin produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella moniliformis. Only two of 42 Z. mays samples were highly insensitive to FBI (ED(50) = ca. 200 mu m). The teosintes and 76% of the maize landraces were moderately or highly sensitive to FBI (ED(50) <= 30 mu M), which indicates that FB(1) sensitivity is likely to be an ancestral trait in Z. mays. F(1) generations derived from crosses between FBI-sensitive maize inbred B73 and insensitive landraces were significantly less sensitive than B73. Thus, our data indicate that FB(1)-insensitivity is a relatively rare but heritable trait in maize. We also report the sensitivity of maize to other Gibberella toxins-beauvericin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and moniliformin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM desjarae@ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 2005 VL 66 IS 20 BP 2474 EP 2480 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.08.013 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 981LF UT WOS:000233089400009 PM 16198380 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Meyer, SLF Halbrendt, JM Rice, C AF Zasada, IA Meyer, SLF Halbrendt, JM Rice, C TI Activity of hydroxamic acids from Secale cereale against the plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Xiphinema americanum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; cover crop; dagger nematode; root-knot nematode ID ALLELOCHEMICAL CONTENT; POPULATION-DENSITIES; RYE; SOIL; ALLELOPATHY; CROPS; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; TOXICITY; CORN AB Cyclic hydroxamic acids are secondary metabolites found in the family Poaceae and have been implicated in the allelopathy of rye (Secale cereale). The toxicity of these compounds against plant-parasitic nematodes is unknown. DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)one), DIMBOA (2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)one), and their degradation products BOA (benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one) and MBOA (6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one) were screened in vitro against Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs and mixed-stages of Xiphinema americanum. Xiphinetna ainericantan was more sensitive to DIBOA and DIMBOA than M. incognita J2, with a maximum apparent mortality of 96 and 92% compared to 73 and 72% at 90 mu g/ml. Eggs of M. incognita were less sensitive to the hydroxamic acids than J2; only DIBOA resulted in a 50% reduction in egg hatch, with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 74 mu g/ml compared to 21 mu g/ml for J2. When M. incognita J2 were exposed to DIBOA for 48 h and the compound was removed and replaced with water, the LC50 value increased from 21.0 to 40.7 mu g/ml. MBOA was not toxic to X. americanum or M. incognita eggs, but was toxic to M. incognita J2, with LC50 values of 44 and 20 mu g/ml before and after the compound was removed and replaced with water. BOA was the least toxic hydroxamic acid tested; it did not reduce M. incognita egg hatch after I week of exposure or increase X. americanum mortality after 24 h of exposure. While in vitro studies provide a valuable starting point in determining the toxicity of the chemical component of rye, the relevance of the data to soil remains to be determined. acids than J2; only DIBOA resulted in a 50% reduction in egg hatch, with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 74 mu g/ml compared to 21 mu g/ml for J2. When M. incognita J2 were exposed to DIBOA for 48 h and the compound was removed and replaced with water, the LC50 value increased from 21.0 to 40.7 mu g/ml. MBOA was not toxic to X. americanum or M. incognita eggs, but was toxic to M. incognita J2, with LC50 values of 44 and 20 mu g/ml before and after the compound was removed and replaced with water. BOA was the least toxic hydroxamic acid tested; it did not reduce M. incognita egg hatch after 1 week of exposure or increase X. americanum mortality after 24 h of exposure. While in vitro studies provide a valuable starting point in determining the toxicity of the chemical component of rye, the relevance of the data to soil remains to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zasadai@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1116 EP 1121 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1116 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969PB UT WOS:000232245400001 PM 18943462 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Ali, S Klein, KK Rasmussen, JB AF Friesen, TL Ali, S Klein, KK Rasmussen, JB TI Population genetic analysis of a global collection of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascomycete; Drechslera tritici-repentis ID TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; GRASSES; NUMBER; RACE; DNA AB The work presented here is the first major study to analyze the genetic diversity within the worldwide population of the economically important wheat pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. The genetic structure of field populations of P. tritici-repentis was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers along with sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Ninety-seven fungal isolates were collected from naturally infected wheat and wild grass species. The collection of 97 P. tritici-repentis isolates included races 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ND7, and ND8 and was collected from North America, South America, and Europe. Results show no genetic grouping of fungal races nor do results indicate grouping based on geographic location indicating that the population is preferentially outcrossing in nature and that the introduction and spread of this population is either relatively recent or that there has been a constant worldwide flow of this fungus possibly by seed movement between continents. C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab,Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab,Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1144 EP 1150 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1144 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969PB UT WOS:000232245400005 PM 18943466 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG TI Variation in occurrence of dematiaceous hyphomycetes on forage bermudagrass over years, sampling times, and locations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIPOLARIS-SOROKINIANA; HELMINTHOSPORIUM; INFECTION; DISEASES; GRASSES AB Leaf samples of forage bermudagrass with symptoms of infection by species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum (dematiaceous hyphomycetes) were collected from three swine waste application sites in Mississippi at eight sampling times during each of 3 years. Samples were assayed for pathogens by observing sporulation on plated leaf tissue. Among 3,600 leaves assayed, eight species of the three genera were observed. Features and criteria for the practical identification of species on plated leaf samples are described. Sporulation by dematiaceous hyphomycetes was observed on 97% of leaves; a single pathogen was observed on 20% and two to five pathogens were observed on 77% of leaves. Distributions of leaves among classes with one to five pathogens per leaf, for sites within years, always differed significantly (P = 0.01) from a Poisson distribution and usually included fewer leaves than expected with four or five pathogens. Significant (P = 0.05) variation in frequencies of occurrence of pathogens among 72 samples of 50 leaves each was attributed to pathogen species, sampling times, and speciestime interactions. Exserohilum rostratum, Curvularia lunata, and Bipolaris cynodontis were the most frequent pathogens across years and sites; B. spicifra and C. geniculata were intermediate; and B. hawaiiensis, B. sorokiniana, and B. stenospila were least frequent. For the five most common pathogens, significant differences in frequency among locations were commonplace. Six pathogens exhibited significant (P = 0.05) positive and negative correlations with others in overall frequencies of occurrence across years, sampling times, and sites. However, chi(2) tests of dual occurrence indicated that interactions between specific pairs of pathogens in or on leaves are not likely to be major causes for overall frequency correlations. Results indicate that dematiaceous hyphomycetes typically infect forage bermudagrass on swine waste application sites in complexes rather than as individual species; that E. rostratum, C. lunata, and B. cynodontis are the predominant pathogens; and that frequencies of pathogens often differ significantly between locations. C1 USDA, ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rpratt@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1183 EP 1190 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1183 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969PB UT WOS:000232245400010 PM 18943471 ER PT J AU Brown, JK Idris, AM Ostrow, KM Goldberg, N French, R Stenger, DC AF Brown, JK Idris, AM Ostrow, KM Goldberg, N French, R Stenger, DC TI Genetic and phenotypic variation of the Pepper golden mosaic virus complex SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED GEMINIVIRUS; DEL-TOMATE-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HUASTECO-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MEXICO; RECOMBINATION; DISEASE; DIVERSITY AB Three isolates of the bipartite begomovirus Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were characterized for genomic and biological properties. The complete nucleotide sequences of the DNA-A and DNA-B components were determined from infectious clones of PepGMV-Serrano (PepGMV-Ser), PepGMV-Mosaic (PepGMV-Mo), and PepGMV-Distortion (PepGMV-D). Nucleotide sequence identity among PepGMV components ranged from 91 to 96% for DNA-A and from 84 to 99% for DNA-B, with each PepGMV component most closely related to the corresponding component of Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCV). However, phylogenetic relationships among begomovirus components were incongruent because DNA-A of PepGMV and CaLCV share an inferred evolutionary history distinct from that of DNA-B. The cloned components of PepGMV-Ser, -Mo, and -D were infectious by biolistic inoculation to pepper but differed in symptom expression: PepGMV-Ser exhibited a bright golden mosaic, PepGMV-Mo produced a yellow-green mosaic, and PepGMV-D caused only a mild mosaic and foliar distortion followed by a "recovery" phenotype in which leaves developing after initial symptom expression appeared normal. Differences in symptoms also were observed on tomato, tobacco, and Datura stramonium. Progeny virus derived from clones of PepGMV-Ser and -Mo were transmitted from pepper to pepper by the B biotype of Bemisia tabaci; progeny virus derived from PcpGMV-D clones was not transmissible by the B biotype. Reassortant genomes derived from heterologous DNA components of the three isolates were infectious in all possible pairwise combinations, with symptom phenotype in pepper determined by the DNA-B component. Collectively, these results indicate that the three virus isolates examined may be considered distinct strains of PepGMV that have the capacity to exchange genetic material. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Extens Plant Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88005 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Brown, JK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbrown@Ag.arizona.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1217 EP 1224 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1217 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969PB UT WOS:000232245400014 PM 18943475 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Vaiciunas, J Oudemans, PV AF Polashock, JJ Vaiciunas, J Oudemans, PV TI Identification of a new Phytophthora species causing root and runner rot of cranberry in New Jersey SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS-ACID; INVITRO VARIABILITY; FOSETYL-AL; MEGASPERMA; TREES; TEMPERATURE; CINNAMOMI; METALAXYL AB In New Jersey, Phytoplithora cinnamomi is the pathogen most commonly isolated from diseased roots and runners of the cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). A second distinct species of Phytophthora has been isolated from dying cranberry plants and surface irrigation water. This species is homothallic with paragynous antheridia and ellipsoid-limoniform, nonpapillate sporangia. It was tentatively identified as P. megasperma in an earlier report. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the cardinal temperatures for vegetative growth are between 5 and 30 degrees C with an optimum near 25 degrees C. Sporangia are produced at temperatures between 10 and 20 degrees C with the majority of sporangia produced at 10 and 15 degrees C. In pathogenicity tests, no growth effect was observed on cranberry plants (cv. Early Black) when tests were conducted at 25 degrees C; however, significant reductions in plant growth occurred when tests were conducted at 15 degrees C. This species was insensitive to metalaxyl but was sensitive to buffered phosphorous acid. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 regions place these isolates in Phytoplithora clade 6 with greatest similarity to Phytophthora taxon raspberry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolates of this affiliation in North America. However, the observation of low temperature preferences makes this species unique in an otherwise high temperature clade. The isolates described in this study are tentatively classified as Phytophthora taxon cranberry. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens Ctr, Chatswood, NJ 08019 USA. USDA, ARS, Fruit Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Oudemans, PV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens Ctr, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatswood, NJ 08019 USA. EM oudemans@aesop.rutgers.edu OI Oudemans, Peter/0000-0001-7564-0641 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1237 EP 1243 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1237 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 969PB UT WOS:000232245400016 PM 18943477 ER PT J AU Schreiner, R AF Schreiner, R TI Spatial and temporal variation of roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and plant and soil nutrients in a mature pinot noir (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in oregon, USA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE arbuscular colonization; Glomales; root growth; root nutrients; seasonal development; soil moisture; soil nutrients ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON GRAPEVINE; FREE AMINO ACIDS; NITROGEN; COLONIZATION; GROWTH; INFECTIVITY; CULTIVARS; INOCULUM; DENSITY; CITRUS AB The spatial and temporal development of grapevine roots and associated mycorrhizal fungi was studied in 1999 and 2000 in a 21-year-old, Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard located on a Jory soil (Palehumult, silty clay loam) in Oregon, USA. The density of woody roots and fine (primary) roots deemed to be physiologically active (based on color and cellular integrity) were determined at monthly intervals in the weed-free, vine row and in the alleyway between rows at two depths (0-50 and 50-100 cm). The majority of fine roots were growing in the vine row at 0-50 cm depth. Fine root density did not change dramatically over the 1999 or 2000 seasons until the time of fruit harvest in the fall. Apparently, new root growth kept pace with turnover (death) prior to harvest, but new root growth surpassed turnover in the fall after fruit harvest. Colonization of fine roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was consistently high in the vine row at 0-50 cm depth, but was lower in roots growing in the alleyway, and in roots below 50 cm. The proportion of fine roots containing arbuscules (the site of nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizas) was also greatest for roots growing in the vine row at 0-50 cm depth. Arbuscular colonization of these roots increased prior to budbreak in the spring, reached a high level (50-60% root length) by early summer, and remained high until after the time of leaf senescence in late fall. Arbuscular colonization decreased rapidly by December of 1999 when November rainfall exceeded 200 mm, but did not decline by December of 2000 when November rainfall was below 80 mm. The availability of important plant nutrients in the soil, with the exception of Mg and Zn, was higher in the upper 50 cm of the soil profile where the majority of roots were found. In addition, available nitrate and phosphate were higher in the vine row than in the alleyway soil. Seasonal changes in leaf nutrient concentrations of Pinot Noir confirmed findings in other cultivars, but fluctuations of N, P, and K concentrations in fine roots over the season suggested that fine roots may play a role in nutrient storage, as well as nutrient uptake, in grapevines. Grapevines grown in Oregon direct significant resources to roots and AMF after fruit harvest and substantial post-harvest nutrient uptake may extend into the early winter. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM schreinr@science.oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2005 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4895-0 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988VS UT WOS:000233629900020 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Zhang, FS AF Liu, XJ Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Zhang, FS TI Tillage and nitrogen application effects on nitrous and nitric oxide emissions from irrigated corn fields SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE continuous corn cropping; conventional-till; N(2)O; NO; N fertilizer; no-till ID GLOBAL N2O BUDGET; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CONVENTIONAL-TILL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NO EMISSIONS; FLUXES; MANAGEMENT; DENITRIFICATION; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATE AB A 2-year study was conducted to investigate the potential of no-till cropping systems to reduce N(2)O and NO emissions under different N application rates in an irrigated corn field in northeastern Colorado. Flux measurements were begun in the spring of 2003, using vented ( N(2)O) and dynamic ( NO) chambers, one to three times per week, year round, within plots that were cropped continuously to corn ( Zea mays L.) under conventional-till ( CT) and no-till ( NT). Plots were fertilized at planting in late April with rates of 0, 134 and 224 kg N ha(-1) and corn was harvested in late October or early November each year. N(2)O and NO fluxes increased linearly with N application rate in both years. Compared with CT, NT did not significantly affect the emission of N(2)O but resulted in much lower emission of NO. In 2003 and 2004 corn growing seasons, the increase in N(2)O-N emitted per kg ha(-1) of fertilizer N added was 14.5 and 4.1 g ha(-1) for CT, and 11.2 and 5.5 g ha(-1) for NT, respectively. However, the increase in NO-N emitted per kg ha(-1) of fertilizer N added was only 3.6 and 7.4 g ha(-1) for CT and 1.6 and 2.0 g ha(-1) for NT in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In the fallow season ( November 2003 to April 2004), much greater N(2)O ( 2.0 - 3.1 times) and NO ( 13.1 - 16.8 times) were emitted from CT than from NT although previous N application did not show obvious carry-over effect on both gas emissions. Results from this study reveal that NT has potential to reduce NO emission without an obvious change in N(2)O emission under continuous irrigated corn cropping compared to CT. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SPNR, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2005 VL 276 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4894-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988VS UT WOS:000233629900021 ER PT J AU Mano, Y Muraki, M Fujimori, M Takamizo, T Kindiger, B AF Mano, Y Muraki, M Fujimori, M Takamizo, T Kindiger, B TI AFLP-SSR maps of maize x teosinte and maize x maize: comparison of map length and segregation distortion SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; teosinte; molecular linkage map; amplified fragment length polymorphism; simple sequence repeat ID ZEA-MAYS L; GENETIC-MAP; MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; HORDEUM-VULGARE; MARKERS; CONSTRUCTION; BARLEY; DISTANCES; LOCI AB Two genetic linkage maps of Zea mays were constructed: one population comprised 94 F-2 individuals of a dent 'B64' x teosinte (Z. mays ssp. huehuetenangensis) cross while the second consisted of 94 F-2 individuals of a 'B64' x Caribbean flint 'Na4' cross. The level of polymorphism was higher in the 'B64' x teosinte combination than the 'B64' x 'Na4' combination. In the 'B64' x teosinte cross, a total of 338 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 75 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were mapped to 10 chromosomes, which covered 1402.4 cM. In the 'B64' x 'Na4' cross, a total of 340 AFLP and 97 SSR markers were mapped to 10 chromosomes, covering 1662.8 cM. Segregation distortion regions were found on chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 in the 'B64' x teosinte cross and on chromosome 9 in the 'B64' x 'Na4' cross. Comparison of the two maps revealed that the maize x teosinte map was 11.5% shorter than the maize x maize map. The maps generated in this study may be useful to identify genes controlling flooding tolerance. C1 Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Miyazaki 8850091, Japan. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Mano, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. EM mano@affrc.go.jp OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 124 IS 5 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01128.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 969JS UT WOS:000232231000003 ER PT J AU Ambourn, AK Juzwik, J Moon, RD AF Ambourn, AK Juzwik, J Moon, RD TI Seasonal dispersal of the oak wilt fungus by Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi in Minnesota SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE fungal phoresy rates; vascular wilt disease ID CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; POPULATIONS; VECTORS; INSECTS; TEXAS AB Sap beetles (Nitidulidae) are considered important overland vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in the north central United States. Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi are thought to be the principal sap beetle vectors in Minnesota. Field studies using wind-oriented funnel traps baited with aggregation pheromones of the insects were conducted during 2 years in east central Minnesota. The studies compared temporal flight dynamics of Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi from April through October, measured the proportion of dispersing adults of each species carrying viable pathogen propagules, and estimated the populations of contaminated dispersing beetles in oak (Quercus spp.) stands with and without oak wilt. Abundance of Colopterus truncatus peaked in either April or May, but the pathogen was most frequently isolated (20 to 45%) from beetles obtained from oak wilt sites from July through September. However, the highest contaminated insect population (CIP) generally occurred during April and May. Abundance of Carpophilus sayi peaked in October of both years, but the pathogen was most commonly isolated from beetles collected during May and June. The CIP was highest in June. The infective insect potential, as indexed by CIP, was greatest for both species in the spring and was greater for Colopterus truncatus than for Carpophilus sayi. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Juzwik, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM juzwik@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1067 EP 1076 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1067 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000231959500008 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Warren, JG AF Baumgartner, K Warren, JG TI Persistence of Xylella fastidiosa in riparian hosts near northern California vineyards SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BLUE-GREEN SHARPSHOOTER; PIERCES-DISEASE; HORDNIA-CIRCELLATA; GRAPEVINES; PLANTS; TRANSMISSION; CICADELLIDAE; TEMPERATURE; INOCULATION AB The spread of Pierce's disease (PD) from riparian hosts to grapevines in California's north-coastal grape-growing region is a function of the proportion of Graphocephala atropunctata (blue-green sharpshooters [BGSSs]) that acquire Xylella fastidiosa from infected plant tissue. Riparian hosts that do not maintain sufficient X. fastidiosa populations for acquisition may not be significant inoculum reservoirs. We examined X. fastidiosa populations in systemically infected riparian hosts (California blackberry, California grapevine, elderberry, Himalayan blackberry, periwinkle) at two coastal locations (Mendocino and Napa) with two methods of quantitation (culturing and real-time polymerase chain reaction) from 2003 to 2004. In summer and autumn, X. fastidiosa populations were above the threshold for BGSS acquisition in periwinkle, Himalayan blackberry, and California grapevine at both locations. The only X. fastidiosa-positive plants detected in spring at both locations were periwinkle and Himalayan blackberry, suggesting that these species may contribute to long-term survival of X. fastidiosa. California blackberry and elderberry may not be important reservoirs of X. fastidiosa, given that very few plants of either species maintained infections. Higher X. fastidiosa populations in California grapevine, Himalayan blackberry, and periwinkle in Napa, relative to plants in Mendocino, may partially explain the higher PD incidence in Napa vineyards. C1 ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1097 EP 1102 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1097 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000231959500012 ER PT J AU Jin, Y AF Jin, Y TI Races of Puccinia graminis identified in the United States during 2003 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; WHEAT; NOMENCLATURE; CANADA; BARLEY; SYSTEM; AVENAE; OAT AB Stem rust of small grain cereals, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a major disease of wheat, barley, and oat. In order to effectively utilize stem rust resistance in the improvement of small grain cereals, it is necessary to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the stem rust population. Races of R graminis from barberry, wheat, barley, and oat were surveyed across the United States during 2003. Aecial infections on barberry were primarily due to P. graminis f. sp. secalis, as inoculations using aeciospores failed to produce infection on wheat and oat. Race QFCS of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was the most common race identified from wheat and barley. Race QFCS has virulence on stem rust resistance genes Sr5, 8a, 9a, 9d, 9g, 10, 17, and 21 that are used for race identification. Race TTTT was identified in 2003. This race possesses virulence to all 16 stem rust resistance genes present in the wheat stem rust differentials and should be targeted in breeding for stem rust resistance. Race QFCN appeared to be a new race in the U.S. stem rust population. Races QCCJ and MCCF were identified, but at low frequencies. Seven races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were identified from oat, and races NA-27, NA-29, and NA-67 were the predominant races. Race NA-76 was identified for the first time in the United States. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yuejin@umn.edu NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1125 EP 1127 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1125 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000231959500017 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW Hernandez, E Mora, F Ramirez, P AF Hammond, RW Hernandez, E Mora, F Ramirez, P TI First report of beet pseudo-yellows virus on Cucurbita moschata and C pepo in Costa Rica. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CRINIVIRUS C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1130 EP 1130 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1130B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000231959500025 ER PT J AU Tunali, B Yildirim, A Aime, MC Hernandez, J Berner, D AF Tunali, B Yildirim, A Aime, MC Hernandez, J Berner, D TI First report of the rust fungus Coleosporium tussilaginis on Tussilago farfara in Turkey. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. Plant Protect Cent Res Inst, TR-06170 Ankara, Turkey. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tunali, B (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1131 EP 1131 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1131C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965OH UT WOS:000231959500029 ER PT J AU Kuang, HH Wei, FS Marano, MR Wirtz, U Wang, XX Liu, J Shum, WP Zaborsky, J Tallon, LJ Rensink, W Lobst, S Zhang, PF Tornqvist, CE Tek, A Bamberg, J Helgeson, J Fry, W You, F Luo, MC Jiang, JM Buell, CR Baker, B AF Kuang, HH Wei, FS Marano, MR Wirtz, U Wang, XX Liu, J Shum, WP Zaborsky, J Tallon, LJ Rensink, W Lobst, S Zhang, PF Tornqvist, CE Tek, A Bamberg, J Helgeson, J Fry, W You, F Luo, MC Jiang, JM Buell, CR Baker, B TI The R1 resistance gene cluster contains three groups of independently evolving, type I R1 homologues and shows substantial structural variation among haplotypes of Solanum demissum SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE R1; resistance gene (R-gene); R-gene clusters; type I and type II R-gene; sequence exchange; R-gene evolution ID POTATO-VIRUS-X; BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; LATE BLIGHT; RUST RESISTANCE; GENOMIC DNA; HYPERSENSITIVE RESISTANCE; INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE AB Cultivated and wild potatoes contain a major disease-resistance cluster on the short arm of chromosome V, including the R1 resistance (R) gene against potato late blight. To explore the functional and evolutionary significance of clustering in the generation of novel disease-resistance genes, we constructed three approximately 1 Mb physical maps in the R1 gene region, one for each of the three genomes (haplotypes) of allohexaploid Solanum demissum, the wild potato progenitor of the R1 locus. Totals of 691, 919 and 559 kb were sequenced for each haplotype, and three distinct resistance-gene families were identified, one homologous to the potato R1 gene and two others homologous to either the Prf or the Bs4 R-gene of tomato. The regions with R1 homologues are highly divergent among the three haplotypes, in contrast to the conserved flanking non-resistance gene regions. The R1 locus shows dramatic variation in overall length and R1 homologue number among the three haplotypes. Sequence comparisons of the R1 homologues show that they form three distinct clades in a distance tree. Frequent sequence exchanges were detected among R1 homologues within each clade, but not among those in different clades. These frequent sequence exchanges homogenized the intron sequences of homologues within each clade, but did not homogenize the coding sequences. Our results suggest that the R1 homologues represent three independent groups of fast-evolving type I resistance genes, characterized by chimeric structures resulting from frequent sequence exchanges among group members. Such genes were first identified among clustered RGC2 genes in lettuce, where they were distinguished from slow-evolving type II R-genes. Our findings at the R1 locus in S. demissum may indicate that a common or similar mechanism underlies the previously reported differentiation of type I and type II R-genes and the differentiation of type I R-genes into distinct groups, identified here. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bbaker@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Tek, Ahmet L./G-5100-2012; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 OI Tek, Ahmet L./0000-0002-3292-5142; Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; NR 73 TC 64 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02506.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965LM UT WOS:000231952000004 PM 16167894 ER PT J AU McCarty, DR Settles, AM Suzuki, M Tan, BC Latshaw, S Porch, T Robin, K Baier, J Avigne, W Lai, JS Messing, J Koch, KE Hannah, LC AF McCarty, DR Settles, AM Suzuki, M Tan, BC Latshaw, S Porch, T Robin, K Baier, J Avigne, W Lai, JS Messing, J Koch, KE Hannah, LC TI Steady-state transposon mutagenesis in inbred maize SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE transposon mutagenesis; Robertsons Mutator; reverse genetics; insertional mutagenesis; maize functional genomics ID ZEA-MAYS; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; MU-TRANSPOSONS; GENOME; GENE; ELEMENTS; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB We implement a novel strategy for harnessing the power of high-copy transposons for functional analysis of the maize genome, and report behavioral features of the Mutator system in a uniform inbred background. The unique UniformMu population and database facilitate high-throughput molecular analysis of Mu-tagged mutants and gene knockouts. Key features of the population include: (i) high mutation frequencies (7% independent seed mutations) and moderation of copy number (approximately 57 total Mu elements; 1-2 MuDR copies per plant) were maintained by continuous back-crossing into a phenotypically uniform inbred background; (ii) a bz1-mum9 marker enabled selection of stable lines (loss of MuDR), inhibiting further transpositions in lines selected for molecular analysis; (iii) build-up of mutation load was prevented by screening Mu-active parents to exclude plants carrying pre-existing seed mutations. To create a database of genomic sequences flanking Mu insertions, selected mutant lines were analyzed by sequencing of MuTAIL PCR clone libraries. These sequences were annotated and clustered to facilitate bioinformatic subtraction of ancestral elements and identification of insertions unique to mutant lines. New insertions targeted low-copy, gene-rich sequences, and in silico mapping revealed a random distribution of insertions over the genome. Our results indicate that Mu populations differ markedly in the occurrence of Mu insertion hotspots and the frequency of suppressible mutations. We suggest that controlled MuDR copy number in UniformMu lines is a key determinant of these differences. The public database (http://uniformmu.org; http://endosperm.info) includes pedigree and phenotypic data for over 2000 independent seed mutants selected from a population of 31 548 F-2 lines and integrated with analyses of 34 255 MuTAIL sequences. C1 Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USDA, Trop Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP McCarty, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM drm@ufl.edu OI Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 NR 37 TC 76 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02509.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 965LM UT WOS:000231952000005 PM 16167895 ER PT J AU Kikis, EA Khanna, R Quail, PH AF Kikis, EA Khanna, R Quail, PH TI ELF4 is a phytochrome-regulated component of a negativefeedback loop involving the central oscillator components CCA1 and LHY SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ELF4; circadian clock; light input; phytochrome ID ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN CLOCK; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; RHYTHMS; THALIANA; PROTEIN; SEEDLINGS; PATHWAYS; MUTANT; PLANTS AB Evidence has been presented that a negative transcriptional feedback loop formed by the genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED (CCA1), LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and TIMING OF CAB (TOC1) constitutes the core of the central oscillator of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. Here we show that these genes are expressed at constant, basal levels in dark-grown seedlings. Transfer to constant red light (Rc) rapidly induces a biphasic pattern of CCA1 and LHY expression, and a reciprocal TOC1 expression pattern over the first 24 h, consistent with initial induction of this synchronous oscillation by the light signal. We have used this assay with wild-type and mutant seedlings to examine the role of these oscillator components, and to determine the function of ELF3 and ELF4 in their light-regulated expression. The data show that whereas TOM is necessary for light-induced CCA1/LHY expression, the combined absence of CCA1 and LHY has little effect on the pattern of light-induced TOC1 expression, indicating that the negative regulatory arm of the proposed oscillator is not fully functional during initial seedling de-etiolation. By contrast, ELF4 is necessary for light-induced expression of both CCA1 and LHY, and conversely, CCA1 and LHY act negatively on light-induced ELF4 expression. Together with the observation that the temporal light-induced expression profile of ELF4 is counter-phased to that of CCA1 and LHY and parallels that of TOC1, these data are consistent with a previously unrecognized negative-feedback loop formed by CCA1/LHY and ELF4 in a manner analogous to the proposed CCA1/LHY/TOC1 oscillator. ELF3 is also necessary for light-induced CCA1/LHY expression, but it is neither light-induced nor clock-regulated during de-etiolation. Taken together, the data suggest (a) that ELF3, ELF4, and TOM all function in the primary, phytochrome-mediated light-input pathway to the circadian oscillator in Arabidopsis; and (b) that this oscillator consists of two or more interlocking transcriptional feedback loops that may be differentially operative during initial light induction and under steady-state circadian conditions in entrained green plants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 42 TC 117 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 BP 300 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02531.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 978PO UT WOS:000232885700010 PM 16212608 ER PT J AU Carollo, V Matthews, DE Lazo, GR Blake, TK Hummel, DD Lui, N Hane, DL Anderson, OD AF Carollo, V Matthews, DE Lazo, GR Blake, TK Hummel, DD Lui, N Hane, DL Anderson, OD TI GrainGenes 2.0. An improved resource for the small-grains community SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT TOLERANCE; BARLEY; REGISTRATION; GENOTYPE; YIELD AB GrainGenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about Triticeae species (wheat [Triticum aestivum], barley [Hordeum vulgare], rye [Secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (Avena sativa) and its wild relatives. A major strength of the GrainGenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing GrainGenes as both a data repository and information hub. The primary intensively curated data classes are genetic and physical maps, probes used for mapping, classical genes, quantitative trait loci, and contact information for Triticeae and oat scientists. Curation of these classes involves important contributions from the GrainGenes community, both as primary data sources and reviewers of published data. Other partially automated data classes include literature references, sequences, and links to other databases. Beyond the GrainGenes database per se, the Web site incorporates other more specific databases, informational topics, and downloadable files. For example, unique BLAST datasets of sequences applicable to Triticeae research include mapped wheat expressed sequence tags, expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats, and repetitive sequences. In 2004, the GrainGenes project migrated from the AceDB database and separate Web site to an integrated relational database and Internet resource, a major step forward in database delivery. The process of this migration and its impacts on database curation and maintenance are described, and a perspective on how a genomic database can expedite research and crop improvement is provided. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Carollo, V (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM vcarollo@pw.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 139 IS 2 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1104/pp.105.064485 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 973CJ UT WOS:000232500200009 PM 16219925 ER PT J AU Walia, H Wilson, C Condamine, P Liu, X Ismail, AM Zeng, LH Wanamaker, SI Mandal, J Xu, J Cui, XP Close, TJ AF Walia, H Wilson, C Condamine, P Liu, X Ismail, AM Zeng, LH Wanamaker, SI Mandal, J Xu, J Cui, XP Close, TJ TI Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes under salinity stress during the vegetative growth stage SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER HKT1; SALT TOLERANCE; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GALACTINOL SYNTHASE; EXPRESSION PROFILES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; WATER-STRESS AB Rice (Oryza sativa), a salt-sensitive species, has considerable genetic variation for salt tolerance within the cultivated gene pool. Two indica rice genotypes, FL478, a recombinant inbred line derived from a population developed for salinity tolerance studies, and IR29, the sensitive parent of the population, were selected for this study. We used the Affymetrix rice genome array containing 55,515 probe sets to explore the transcriptome of the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes under control and salinity-stressed conditions during vegetative growth. Response of the sensitive genotype IR29 is characterized by induction of a relatively large number of probe sets compared to tolerant FL478. Salinity stress induced a number of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in IR29 but not in FL478. Cell wall-related genes were responsive in both genotypes, suggesting cell wall restructuring is a general adaptive mechanism during salinity stress, although the two genotypes also had some differences. Additionally, the expression of genes mapping to the Saltol region of chromosome 1 were examined in both genotypes. Single-feature polymorphism analysis of expression data revealed that IR29 was the source of the Saltol region in FL478, contrary to expectation. This study provides a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of two well-characterized, genetically related rice genotypes differing in salinity tolerance during a gradually imposed salinity stress under greenhouse conditions. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cwilson@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 197 Z9 223 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 139 IS 2 BP 822 EP 835 DI 10.1104/pp.105.065961 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 973CJ UT WOS:000232500200023 PM 16183841 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Ko, TS Lambert, KN Kim, HG Korban, SS Hartman, GL Domier, LL AF Lim, HS Ko, TS Lambert, KN Kim, HG Korban, SS Hartman, GL Domier, LL TI Soybean mosaic virus helper component-protease enhances somatic embryo production and stabilizes transgene expression in soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE helper component protease; post-transcriptional gene silencing; somatic embryogenesis ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGIONS; MAX L. MERRILL.; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; SUPPRESSION; TOBACCO; FREQUENCY; SELECTION AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) helper component protease (HC-Pro), a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing, was evaluated for its ability to enhance production of soybean hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos (HR-SEs), and stabilize transgene expression. Immature soybean cotyledonary explants were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain KYRT1 harboring either pCAMBIA1302, carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) and a gene encoding green fluorescent protein; pCAMBIA1305.1, carrying hpt and beta-glucuronidase (uidA) genes-, pG2-HC-Pro, a derivative of pCAMBIA 1305.1 containing SMV G2 HC-Pro; or pG5-HC-Pro, a derivative of pCAMBIA1305.1 containing SMV G5 HC-Pro, but lacking uidA. Significantly (p < 0.02) higher numbers of HR-SEs were obtained from explants transformed with Agrobacterium harboring either pG2-HC-Pro or pG5-HC-Pro than with either of the vector controls (pCAMBIA1302 or pCAMBIA1305. 1). beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression was significantly (p < 0.003) higher in 50-day-old transgenic plants expressing GUS along with SMV-HC-Pro and in SMV-infected GUS transgenic plants than in transgenic plants expressing GUS alone. Together, these data suggest that SMV-HC-Pro enhanced recovery of HR-SEs by suppressing silencing of the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ldomier@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT-NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 10-11 BP 1014 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.08.012 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 000BG UT WOS:000234435300014 PM 16316753 ER PT J AU Luo, M Liang, XQ Dang, P Holbrook, CC Bausher, MG Lee, RD Guo, BZ AF Luo, M Liang, XQ Dang, P Holbrook, CC Bausher, MG Lee, RD Guo, BZ TI Microarray-based screening of differentially expressed genes in peanut in response to Aspergillus parasiticus infection and drought stress SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Arachis hypogaea; food safety; drought stress; microarray ID PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; FLAVUS; PROTEINS; PLANTS; MAIZE; CORN; COLONIZATION; TOLERANCE AB Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus fungi is a great concern in peanut production worldwide. Pre-harvest A. parasiticus infection and aflatoxin contamination are usually severe in peanuts that are grown under drought stressed conditions; however, drought tolerant peanut lines have less aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to identify resistance genes in response to Aspergillus parasiticus infection under drought stress using microarray and real-time PCR. To identify transcripts involved in the resistance, we studied the gene expression profiles in peanut genotype A13 which is drought tolerant and resistant to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, using cDNA microarray containing 384 unigenes selected from two expressed sequenced tag (EST) cDNA libraries challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 42 up-regulated genes (log(2) ratio > 1) in several functional categories were detected under both A. Parasiticus challenge and drought stress. A total of 52 up-regulated genes were detected in response to drought stress alone. There were 25 genes commonly expressed in both treatments. The top 20 up-regulated gene from A. parasiticus challenge and drought stress were selected for validation of their expression levels using real-time PCR. A 13 was also used to study the functional analysis of these genes and a possible link of these genes to the resistance trait. Although the selected genes identified by microarray analysis were validated by real-time PCR, further investioations are needed to characterize each of these genes. Gene probes could then be developed for application in breeding selection. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Crops Res Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 49 TC 54 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 169 IS 4 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.05.020 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 957UY UT WOS:000231400000007 ER PT J AU Rose, USR Tumlinson, JH AF Rose, USR Tumlinson, JH TI Systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: How specific is the signal to herbivory? SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE caterpillar regurgitant; Gossypium; mechanical damage; Spodoptera; systemic response; volatiles ID PARASITIC WASPS; JASMONIC ACID; ORAL SECRETIONS; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; CHEMICAL SIGNALS; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; INSECT HERBIVORY; PREDATORY MITES; PLANT-RESPONSES; DAMAGED PLANTS AB Plants attacked by herbivorous insects release chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivores to the damaged plants. Feeding of Spodoptera exigua larvae on the lower leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for multiple feeding periods of 9-12 h with a 12 h, interval in between when the caterpillars are removed overnight, will induce a systemic release of volatile compounds that is comparable to the volatiles released in response to continuous feeding damage on the lower leaves for several days. The systemic volatile release in response to herbivory can be mimicked by mechanically damaging the lower leaves and applying caterpillar oral secretion to the injured leaves over 4 days. Cotton plants that are only mechanically damaged systemically release significantly less beta-pinene, myrcene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta-farnesene and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene after 4 days compared to plants damaged mechanically with application of caterpillar regurgitant. However, multiple 9-12 h mechanical damage alone induces a significantly higher systemic release of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, myrcene, (E)-beta-ocimene, and (E)-beta-farnesene after 4 days compared to undamaged control plants. This indicates that multiple mechanical damage alone cannot mimic completely the response induced by mechanically injuring the leaves and applying caterpillar regurgitant. A specific elicitor in the regurgitant of the caterpillar enhances the amount of several systemically released volatiles. Thus, the systemic release of volatile compounds by herbivore-damaged cotton plants appears to be regulated by at least two different mechanisms. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphare, ICG, III, D-52425 Julich, Germany. USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rose, USR (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphare, ICG, III, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM u.roese@fz-juelich.de RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 37 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2005 VL 222 IS 2 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-1528-2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 973BP UT WOS:000232498200012 PM 15856281 ER PT J AU Light, GG Mahan, JR Roxas, VP Allen, RD AF Light, GG Mahan, JR Roxas, VP Allen, RD TI Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings expressing a tobacco glutathione S-transferase fail to provide improved stress tolerance SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; cotton; glutathione S-transferase; Gossypium hirsutum L; stress ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE GENE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REDUCTASE; PLANTS; OVEREXPRESSION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE AB Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines expressing the tobacco glutathione S-transferase (GST) Nt107 were evaluated for tolerance to chilling, salinity, and herbicides, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant compound levels, and lipid peroxidation. Although transgenic seedlings exhibited ten-fold and five-fold higher GST activity under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, germinating seedlings did not show improved tolerance to salinity, chilling conditions, or herbicides. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in transgenic seedlings was 30% to 60% higher under normal conditions, but was not different than GPX activity in wild-type seedlings under salt-stress conditions. Glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities were not increased in transgenic seedlings under salt-stress conditions, while dehydroascorbate reductase activity was decreased in transgenic seedlings under salt-stress conditions. Transgenic seedlings had 50% more oxidized glutathione when exposed to salt stress. Ascorbate levels were not increased in transgenic seedlings under salt-stress conditions. Malondialdehyde content in transgenic seedlings was nearly double that of wild-type seedlings under normal conditions and did not increase under salt-stress conditions. These results show that expression of Nt107 in cotton does not provide adequate protection against oxidative stress and suggests that the endogenous antioxidant system in cotton may be disrupted by the expression of the tobacco GST. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Light, GG (reprint author), RR1,Box 109, Petersburg, TX 79250 USA. EM gingerlight@rocketmail.com NR 38 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2005 VL 222 IS 2 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-1531-7 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 973BP UT WOS:000232498200014 PM 15824906 ER PT J AU Walters, C Landre, P Hill, L Corbineau, F Bailly, C AF Walters, C Landre, P Hill, L Corbineau, F Bailly, C TI Organization of lipid reserves in cotyledons of primed and aged sunflower seeds SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ageing; lipid crystallisation; germination; priming; sunflower; triacylglycerol ID OIL-BODIES; FATTY-ACID; OLEOSIN ISOFORMS; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; PROTEINS; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB Imbibing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Briosol) seeds at water potentials between -2 MPa and -5 MPa leads to faster ( priming) or slower ( accelerated ageing) germination depending on the temperature and duration of treatment. Mobilization of food reserves may be associated with the changes in seed vigor. To study this, morphological, biochemical and phase properties of lipid, the major food reserve in sunflower, were compared in freshly harvested (i.e., control), primed and aged sunflower cotyledons using electron microscopy, biochemical analyses and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Lipid bodies became smaller and more dispersed throughout the cytoplasm during priming and ageing. Despite ultrastructural changes, there were few measured changes in biochemistry of the neutral lipid component; lipid content, proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and level of free fatty acids were unchanged in primed and slightly aged seeds, with only severely aged seeds showing a net decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids and an increase in free fatty acids. Subtle changes in the calorimetric behavior of lipids within sunflower cotyledons were observed. Sunflower lipids exhibited polymorphic crystalline and amorphous solid phases when cooled to < -100 degrees C, but priming decreased the rate of crystallization in vivo and ageing increased the rate of crystallization, but decreased percentage crystallinity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu NR 52 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2005 VL 222 IS 3 BP 397 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-1541-5 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 974SL UT WOS:000232611600001 PM 16136327 ER PT J AU Callicott, KA Stern, NJ Hiett, KL AF Callicott, KA Stern, NJ Hiett, KL CA Campy Ice Consortium TI Isolation of DNA for PCR assays from noncultivable Campylobacter jejuni isolates SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; DNA preparation; genotyping ID TRANSPORT AB Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni shipped internationally often arrive in a noncultivable state. We describe a PCR-based methodology whereby phylogenetic information can be recovered from noncultivable C. jejuni stored in Wang's transport medium. The robustness of this methodology was initially tested using 5 previously characterized strains of C. jejuni isolated from various sources associated with poultry production. These isolates were stored in Wang's transport medium before being subjected to I of 5 treatments designed to render the stored cells noncultivable: prolonged storage at room temperature, prolonged incubation at 42 degrees C, multiple rounds of freezing and thawing, boiling, or contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). This method resulted in DNA appropriate for PCR. An approximately 400-nucleotide amplicon from the flaA gene and an approximately 800-nucleotide amplicon from 16S rDNA were readily obtained, and a 1.5-kb section of the flaA locus was amplified from about half of the samples. These results indicate that this method may be useful for isolate typing schemes based on PCR amplification of Campylobacter DNA, including flaA short variable region (flaA SVR) sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and flaA PCR-RFLP. By using this method, isolates unrecoverable from transport medium can still be used to provide phylogenetic information for epidemiological studies. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Callicott, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM kcallicott@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1530 EP 1532 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 969QD UT WOS:000232248600003 PM 16335120 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Smith, DP Musgrove, MT Ingram, KD Hinton, A AF Northcutt, JK Smith, DP Musgrove, MT Ingram, KD Hinton, A TI Microbiological impact of spray washing broiler carcasses using different chlorine concentrations and water temperatures SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broilers; carcass contamination; bird washers; carcass microbiology ID REDUCE BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHED SALMONELLA; POULTRY CARCASSES; UNITED-STATES; LACTIC-ACID; SKIN; CHEMICALS; DECONTAMINATION AB A study was conducted to investigate the microbiological impact of spray washing broiler carcasses with chlorinated water (0 or 50 ppm) at different temperatures (21.1, 43.3, or 54.4 degrees C). A whole carcass rinse (WCR) was performed on each carcass before (control) and after spray washing (final). After the control WCR, carcasses were inoculated with 0.1 g of cecal material containing 2 x 10(5) cells per gram of Campylobacter and 2 x 10(5) cells per gram of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Carcasses were held at room temperature for 12 min before washing in an inside-outside bird washer (80 psi for 5 s). Chlorine level and water temperature had no effect on total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, or Campylobacter numbers recovered from the final WCR. Levels of bacteria found on carcasses before and after washing were 4.6, 3.6, and 3.5 log(10) cfu/mL rinse for total aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and Campylobacter, respectively. Average counts for nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella after washing were 3.1 log(10) cfu/mL rinse irrespective of water temperature or chlorine level (P < 0.05). In addition, chlorine level and water temperature had no effect on the breast skin color, with average values of L* = 66.6; a* = -0.09; b* = -0.05 (P < 0.05). Under the conditions outlined in the present study, adding chlorine and/or elevating the water temperature during spray washing in an inside-outside bird washer did not enhance the removal of bacteria from broiler carcasses and had no effect on carcass skin color. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jnorthcutt@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1648 EP 1652 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 969QD UT WOS:000232248600018 PM 16335135 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Review of the Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) of Chile and adjacent Argentina SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE parasitoids; new species; key; Cerambycidae; South America; Juan Fernandez Islands AB Five species of Aulacidae occur in Chile: Aulacus braconiformis (Kieffer). A. krahmeri Elgueta and Lanfranco, A. brevis, n. sp., Pristaulacus capitalis (Schletterer), and P. rubriventer (Philippi). Two of these, A, krahmeri and A. brevis, occur in adjacent Argentina. Aulacus brevis also is recorded from the Juan Fernandez Islands. A key to species is presented and diagnoses and new distribution records are given. Hosts are wood-boring beetles of the family Cerambycidae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 820 EP 834 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800009 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schiff, NM AF Smith, DR Schiff, NM TI A new Western Nearctic species of Calameuta Konow (Hymenoptera : Cephidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cephinae; grasses; California; Oregon AB Calameuta middlekauffi, n. sp., is described from southern Oregon and California. It is the second species of Calameuta in North America and is differentiated from C. clavata (Norton) by head shape and coloration. Illustrations, descriptions, and a key are given to separate the two species. The food plant is unknown, but Palearctic species of Calameuta are known to feed in grass stems. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov; nschiff@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 864 EP 868 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800014 ER PT J AU Razowski, J Brown, JW AF Razowski, J Brown, JW TI Review of Oregocerata Razowski (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Euliini) with descriptions of four new species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE Tortricinae; systematics; Andes; Colombia; Ecuador; Bolivia; Venezuela AB Oregocerata is a poorly known genus restricted to the Andes and its associated ranges in northwestern South America (i.e., Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia) usually above 2000 m. Specimens are exceedingly rare in collections; most species are known only from the holotype mate. We describe and illustrate four new species: O. triangulana (TL: Colombia), O. caucana (TL: Colombia), O. quadrifurcata (TL: Colombia), and O. submontana (TL: Venezuela); and we propose a new combination, Oregocerata chrysodetis (Meyrick). As currently defined the genus includes 9 species. It is assigned to Euliini on the basis of the possession of a characteristic hairpencil on the prothoracic leg. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat Zool, Krakow, Poland. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Razowski, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat Zool, Slawkowska 17, Krakow, Poland. EM brown@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 903 EP 913 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800019 ER PT J AU Gandhi, KJK Gilmore, DW Ball, GE Holzenthal, RW Katovich, SA Koehle, JJ Larsen, KJ Mattson, WJ Seybold, SJ AF Gandhi, KJK Gilmore, DW Ball, GE Holzenthal, RW Katovich, SA Koehle, JJ Larsen, KJ Mattson, WJ Seybold, SJ TI A review of ground beetle species (Coleoptera : Carabidae) of Minnesota, United States: New records and range extensions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; Carabidae; ground beetles; Minnesota; museum collections ID ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT; FORESTS; POPULATIONS; NORTH AB We report new Minnesota records for 13 genera and 100 species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), reflecting 21% and 31% increases, respectively, over records in the literature. There are now 76 genera and 433 carabid species recorded from Minnesota. New material was collected from sub-boreal forest study sites in northeastern and central Minnesota. We also surveyed 16 museum collections and private collections in the United States with an emphasis on collections in the north central region and those likely to contain Minnesota records. New generic records for Minnesota from the museum collections include Paratachys Casey, Nomius Laporte, Platypatrobus Darlington, Gastrellarius Casey, Lophoglossus LeConte, Pseudamara Lindroth, Panagaeus Latreille, Dicheirotrichus Jacquelin du Val, Discoderus LeConte, Leptotrachelus Latreille, Tetragonoderus Dejean, Apenes LeConte, and Axinopalpus LeConte. New species records from the field surveys in northeastern and central Minnesota include Notiophilus aquatic-us (Linnaeus), Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti LeConte, Trechus crassiscapus Lindroth, Bembidion mutatum Gernminger & Harold, Bembidion wingatei Bland, Patrobus foveocollis (Eschscholtz), Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger), Amara coelebs Hayward, Pseudamara arenaria (LeConte), Bradycellus semipubescens Lindroth, Harpalus ventralis LeConte, Agonum affine Kirby, and Agonum trigeminum Lindroth. In addition, we highlight the special role of P. melanarius as an invasive beetle. Since many of the new records were based on specimens stored in research entomological collections, we recognize the significance of institutional holdings as a source of information for studies of native biodiversity. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Alberta, EH Strickland Museum, Dept Biol Sci, Biol Sci Ctr CW 405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Luther Coll, Dept Biol, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gandhi, KJK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sseybold@fs.fed.us RI Gandhi, Kamal/B-4495-2009 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 917 EP 940 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800021 ER PT J AU Lavigne, RJ Bullington, S AF Lavigne, RJ Bullington, S TI Notes on the ethology of Bohartia martini Adisiomarto and Wood (Diptera : Asilidae) in Wyoming, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Entomol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Lavigne, RJ (reprint author), POB 1010, Mt Barker, SA 5252, Australia. EM rjlavine@metscape.net.au; swb@key-net.net NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 968 EP 970 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800025 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Cyr, TL AF Carroll, JF Cyr, TL TI A note on the densities of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) and white-tailed deer on the campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Maryland, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLACKLEGGED TICK ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; DAMMINI ACARI; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 107 IS 4 BP 973 EP 976 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 972BM UT WOS:000232428800027 ER PT J AU Green, MW Elliman, NA Kretsch, MJ AF Green, MW Elliman, NA Kretsch, MJ TI Weight loss strategies, stress, and cognitive function: Supervised versus unsupervised dieting SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weight loss; dieting; stress; cortisol; cognitive function; working memory; vigilance; women ID STRUCTURED COMMERCIAL PROGRAM; WORKING-MEMORY; DIETARY RESTRAINT; PREOCCUPYING COGNITIONS; EATING BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; CORTISOL; IMPAIRMENTS; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT AB The early stages of dieting to lose weight have been associated with neuro-psychological impairments. Previous work has not elucidated whether these impairments are a function solely of unsupported or supported dieting. Raised cortico-steroid levels have been implicated as a possible causal mechanism. Healthy, overweight, pre-menopausal women were randomised to one of three conditions in which they dieted either as part of a commercially available weight loss group, dieted without any group support or acted as non-dieting controls for 8 weeks. Testing occurred at baseline and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post baseline. During each session, participants completed measures of simple reaction time, motor speed, vigilance, immediate verbal recall, visuo-spatial processing and (at Week 1 only) executive function. Cortisol levels were gathered at the beginning and 30 min into each test session, via saliva samples. Also, food intake was self-recorded prior to each session and fasting bodyweight and percentage body fat were measured at each session. Participants in the unsupported diet condition displayed poorer vigilance performance (p=0.001) and impaired executive planning function (p=0.013) (along with a marginally significant trend for poorer visual recall (p=0.089)) after 1 week of dieting. No such impairments were observed in the other two groups. In addition, the unsupported dieters experienced a significant rise in salivary cortisol levels after 1 week of dieting (p < 0.001). Both dieting groups lost roughly the same amount of body mass (p=0.011) over the course of the 8 weeks of dieting, although only the unsupported dieters experienced a significant drop in percentage body fat over the course of dieting (p=0.016). The precise causal nature of the relationship between stress, cortisol, unsupported dieting and cognitive function is, however, uncertain and should be the focus of further research. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Aston Univ, Neurosci Res Inst, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Green, MW (reprint author), Aston Univ, Inst Psychiat, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. EM m.w.green@aston.ac.uk NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 908 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.05.005 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 952LA UT WOS:000231003800010 PM 15970392 ER PT J AU Butte, NF AF Butte, NF TI Energy requirements of infants SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE metabolizable energy; basal metabolism; physical activity; total energy expenditure; energy cost; infants; growth; energy deposition ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; CATCH-UP GROWTH; SLEEPING METABOLIC-RATE; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANT; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; PRETERM INFANTS; (H2O)-H-2-O-18 METHOD AB Objective: To estimate the energy requirements of infants from total energy expenditure and energy deposition during growth. Design: Energy requirements during infancy were estimated from total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method and energy deposition based on measured protein and fat gains. Setting: Database on the total energy expenditure and energy deposition of infants was compiled from available studies conducted in China, Chile, Gambia, Mexico, Netherlands, UK, and USA. Subjects: Healthy, term infants. Results: Total energy requirements (kJ day(-1)) increased with age and were higher in boys than girls due to differences in weight. Energy requirements decreased from 473 kJ kg(-1) per day for boys and 447 kJ kg(-1) per day for girls at 1 month of age to 337 kJ kg(-1) per day for boys and 341 kJ kg(-1) per day for girls at 6 months of age, and thereafter tended to plateau. Energy deposition as a percentage of total energy requirements decreased from 40% at 1 month to 3% at 12 months of age. These estimates are 10-32% lower than the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations which were based on observed energy intakes of infants. Conclusions: Recommendations for the energy intake of infants should be revised based on new estimates of total energy expenditure and energy deposition. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu NR 73 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7A SI SI BP 953 EP 967 DI 10.1079/PHN2005790 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 981OF UT WOS:000233097200004 PM 16277814 ER PT J AU Butte, NF King, JC AF Butte, NF King, JC TI Energy requirements during pregnancy and lactation SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE lactation; exclusive breastfeeding; energy intake; basal metabolic rate; total energy expenditure ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; BREAST-FED INFANTS; NONPREGNANT GAMBIAN WOMEN; WHOLE-BODY CALORIMETRY; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; FAT-FREE MASS; WEIGHT-GAIN; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Objective: To estimate the energy requirements of pregnant and lactating women consistent with optimal pregnancy outcome and adequate milk production. Design: Total energy cost of pregnancy was estimated using the factorial approach from pregnancy-induced increments in basal metabolic rate measured by respiratory calorimetry or from increments in total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water method, plus energy deposition attributed to protein and fat accretion during pregnancy. Setting: Database on changes in basal metabolic rate and total energy expenditure during pregnancy, and increments in protein based on measurements of total body potassium, and fat derived from multi-compartment body composition models was compiled. Energy requirements during lactation were derived from rates of milk production, energy density of human milk, and energy mobilisation from tissues. Subjects: Healthy pregnant and lactating women. Results: The estimated total cost of pregnancy for women with a mean gestational weight gain of 12.0 kg, was 321 or 325 MJ, distributed as 375, 1200, 1950 kJ day(-1), for the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. For exclusive breastfeeding, the energy cost of lactation was 2.62 MJ day(-1) based on a mean milk production of 749 g day(-1), energy density of milk of 2.8 kJ g(-1), and energetic efficiency of 0.80. In well-nourished women, this may be subsidised by energy mobilisation from tissues on the order of 0.72 MJ day(-1), resulting in a net increment of 1.9 MJ day(-1) over non-pregnant, non-lactating energy requirements. Conclusions: Recommendations for energy intake of pregnant and lactating women should be updated based on recently available data. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu NR 103 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 27 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7A SI SI BP 1010 EP 1027 DI 10.1079/PHN2005793 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 981OF UT WOS:000233097200007 PM 16277817 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Dallal, GE AF Roberts, SB Dallal, GE TI Energy requirements and aging SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE physical activity level; doubly labelled water method; total energy expenditure; energy requirements ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; GLUCOSE-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; BASAL-METABOLISM; OBESE SUBJECTS; EXPENDITURE AB Objective: To summarise the literature on energy requirements and aging. Design: An analysis and review of published data on components of energy expenditure and total energy expenditure (TEE). Setting: Data on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and TEE were obtained from the US Institute of Medicine of the National Academies database (all available data from studies published before 2001, collected from 20 researchers willing to provide individual subject results). Subjects: Those individuals from the database who were 20-100 years of age. Results: TEE and physical activity level (PAL, defined as the ratio of total to resting energy expenditure) declined progressively throughout adult life in both normal weight and overweight men and women. In normal weight individuals (defined as body mass index (BMI) 18.5-25.0 kg m(-2)) TEE fell by '150 kcal per decade, and PAL fell from an average of 1.75 in the second decade of life to 1.28 in the ninth decade. Thermic effect of feeding data from other published studies indicated no consistent change associated with aging. Conclusions: Aging is associated with progressive declines in resting and TEE, which have implications for defining dietary energy requirements at different stages of adult life. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu NR 59 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7A SI SI BP 1028 EP 1036 DI 10.1079/PHN2005794 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 981OF UT WOS:000233097200008 PM 16277818 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B AF Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B TI A longitudinal study of operant responding in rats irradiated when 2 months old SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; DOPAMINE DEPLETIONS; INDUCED DEFICITS; REDUCTIONS; PARADIGM; EXPOSURE; SPACE AB Two-month-old rats were exposed to Fe-56 particles (1, 1.5, 2 Gy; 1 GeV/nucleon). They were tested on the performance of an ascending fixed-ratio operant task (bar pressing for food reward) at 7, 11 and 15 months after irradiation. Previous research had shown that for the same rats tested at 3 months after exposure, only the rats exposed to 2 Gy of Fe-56 particles showed a significant disruption of performance compared to control (0 Gy) rats. When these rats were tested 7, 11 and 15 months after exposure, all irradiated groups showed significantly poorer performance than the controls. These results suggest that there is an interaction between irradiation and age such that Fe-56-particle-induced performance deficits can develop several months after exposure. (c) 2005 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rabin@umbc.edu NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 164 IS 4 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1667/RR3349.1 PN 2 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 967VU UT WOS:000232120100019 PM 16187786 ER PT J AU Jogiste, K Moser, WK Mandre, M AF Jogiste, K Moser, WK Mandre, M TI Disturbance dynamics and ecosystem-based forest management - Preface SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN USA. RP Jogiste, K (reprint author), Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM jogiste@eau.ee NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 SU 6 BP 2 EP 4 DI 10.1080/14004080510043370 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 986GD UT WOS:000233437200001 ER PT J AU Moser, WK Wade, DD AF Moser, WK Wade, DD TI Fire exclusion as a disturbance in the temperate forests of the USA: Examples from longleaf pine forests SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE fire behavior; fire effects; fire policy; longleaf pine; restoration; stand dynamics; suppression ID LAKE WALES RIDGE; SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FLORIDA; FUELS; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; PALUSTRIS AB Forest fires are a disturbance where the effects can range from benign to extreme devastation within a given ecosystem. The stage of stand development coupled with prior management dictates the amount and composition of potential fuels. Thus, fire policy exerts a strong influence on fire effects. Changes in cultural acceptance and use of fire typically drive fire policy. This linkage is perhaps exemplified by America's 300 year love/hate relationship with this powerful natural force. This article uses the four stages of stand development (stand initiation, stem exclusion, understory reinitiation and old-growth), as described by Oliver and Larson (1996), to present opportunities and constraints to fire use, and management options are suggested. Using a selective review of research in the USA that emphasizes the longleaf pine ecosystem in the south-east, the focus is on three themes presented from the viewpoint of a resource manager trying to attain a specific result. First, some high points in the history of fire in America and its ecological ramifications on the landscape are outlined, using examples to illustrate key concepts of behavior, intensity and periodicity. Secondly, examples are given of how people have sought to exclude fire from the landscape, often with disastrous consequences. Thirdly, the topic of prescribed fire in an ecosystem maintenance and restoration role is touched on. Some challenges associated with reintroducing fire into areas where past fire policy dictated its exclusion are also related. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Moser, WK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wkmoser@fs.fed.us NR 82 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 SU 6 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1080/14004080510041048 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 986GD UT WOS:000233437200003 ER PT J AU Hoover, AP AF Hoover, AP TI Experiments in consilience: Integrating social and scientific responses to save endangered species. SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 US Forest Serv, Social Sci Res Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Hoover, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Social Sci Res Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 18 IS 9 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1080/08941920500205251 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 972SP UT WOS:000232473800007 ER PT J AU Martin, MA Packepsky, YA Rey, JM Taquas, J Rawls, WJ AF Martin, MA Packepsky, YA Rey, JM Taquas, J Rawls, WJ TI Balanced entropy index to characterize soil texture for soil water retention estimation SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil water; pedotransfer functions; balanced entropy; texture; soil water retention ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; CURVES; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB Soil hydraulic parameters are needed in most projects on transport and fate of pollutants. Pedotransfer procedures are often used to estimate soil hydraulic properties from basic soil data available from soil surveys. Soil particle size distribution, or texture, is known to be a leading soil property affecting soil ability to retain and transmit water and solutes. A substantial effort has been put in searching for texture parameters useful for estimating soil hydraulic properties. Recently a new, entropy-based index has been proposed that characterizes the non-evenness of particle size distributions. This index called balanced entropy has a potential to reflect probable packing of soil particles. Our objective was to see whether the balanced entropy can serve along with other basic soil properties as one of variables-predictors of soil water retention. We computed the balanced entropy for 9871 soil samples in the NRCS soil characterization database and applied the data mining tools to estimate water retention from soil textural composition, organic carbon content, and bulk density. The balanced entropy was the best single predictor and the most important predictor of volumetric water contents at -33 kPa, which are notoriously difficult to estimate. Using the balanced entropy is a promising approach to improve the accuracy of estimated soil hydraulic properties. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron, Madrid 28040, Spain. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Martin, MA (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM miguelangel.martin@upm.es RI Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015; OI Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 170 IS 10 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000190507.10804.47 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 989WQ UT WOS:000233705100001 ER PT J AU Chen, D Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Venterea, RT Palazzo, AJ AF Chen, D Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Venterea, RT Palazzo, AJ TI Corn root influence on automated measurement of soil carbon dioxide concentrations SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CO2 sensor; soil CO2 respiration; corn root rhizosphere; CO2 production ID ZEA-MAYS L.; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; CO2 EFFLUX; RESPIRATION; MODEL; RHIZODEPOSITION; TILLAGE; SENSITIVITY AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) production is a more desirable indicator of soil carbon (C) dynamics than CO2 flux at the soil-air interface, which is significantly influenced by the gas-transport condition of the soil. Production Of CO2 can be computed from CO2 concentrations if high-temporal measurements are made. Our objective was to design, implement, and test an automated CO2 measurement system that requires low maintenance but provides high-temporal resolution Of CO2 concentrations in soil. The CO2 sensors were located at different soil depths from 10 to 60 cm, with and without roots, to measure the effect of corn (Zea inays, L.) root activities on CO2 concentrations over time. A direct comparison indicates that soil CO2 measured with the automated measurement system represents CO2 Of soil surrounding the sensor. Computed CO2 production was highest in the soils above 20 cm. A peak Of soil CO2 concentration occurred after each of the major rain events. The amplitude of the peaks decreased with depth. Differences between the CO2 concentrations in the root and root-excluded soils were small between rainfall events and large at and after rain. Soil CO2 concentration showed diurnal variations at the 10-, 20-, and 40-cm depths, whereas it was hardly detectable at the 60-cm, depth. The automated CO2 measurement system is a useful tool for gaining knowledge Of CO2 production in soils over time and across depth and of contributions from roots and bulk soil to total CO2 production in soils. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USACOE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Chen, D (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. EM dchen@water.ca.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 170 IS 10 BP 779 EP 787 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000190512.41298.fc PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 989WQ UT WOS:000233705100003 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Codling, EE Schwartz, RC AF Dao, TH Codling, EE Schwartz, RC TI Time-dependent phosphorus extractability in calcium- and iron-treated high-phosphorus soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioactive phosphorus; phytase-hydrolyzable phosphorus; enzymatic fractionation; phosphorus solubilization; immobilized P; phosphorus-enriched soil ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; PHYTATE COMPLEX; POULTRY LITTER; MANURE AB Practices to reduce phosphorus (P) source bioavailability are gaining acceptance in the management of excessive P in manure and P-enriched soils although the environmental behavior of the immobilized P is largely unknown. An enzymatic P fractionation study was conducted to elucidate mechanisms of stabilization and relative P extractability as affected by Ca and Fe amendments in a Burch loam (Aridic Haploxeroll) and a Thurmont gravelly loam (Oxyaquic Hapludult). Water-extractable dissolved and complexed P forms (i.e., bioactive P) and Mehlich 3 P were determined at 2-week intervals during soil incubation at 26 degrees C. The Fe additive reduced water-extractable P by more than 90% when applied at a rate of 0.18 mol kg(-1). However, potentially bioactive P can increase with time and the use of Mehlich 3 P may not appropriately reflect this potential to contribute P to the impairment of aquatic ecosystems. Mehlich 3 P was reduced and after that remained unchanged up to 16 weeks in Fe-treated soils. The phytase-hydrolyzable P (PHP) method, however, showed that the additives' effect was transitory; increasing organic PUP was susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis over time to revert back to initial PHP levels. Diffusion-limited and ligand exchange processes also increased desorption of previously water-insoluble inorganic EDTA-extractable P. Calcium carbonate negated the environmental benefit of adding the Fe additive to both soils. The temporary suppression might resolve a short term elevated soluble P condition; however, the Fe additive did not reduce complexed EDTA-extractable P and PUP solubilization, and was ineffective in mitigating the long-term risks of bioactive P losses from P-enriched soils. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 170 IS 10 BP 810 EP 821 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000190505.26051.a0 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 989WQ UT WOS:000233705100006 ER PT J AU Green, VS Cavigelli, MA Dao, TH Flanagan, DC AF Green, VS Cavigelli, MA Dao, TH Flanagan, DC TI Soil physical properties and aggregate-associated C, N, and P distributions in organic and conventional cropping systems SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic farming; no-till; sustainable agriculture; soil aggregates; tillage; nutrient erosion ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ERODED SOIL; MATTER; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; SEDIMENT; MANURE; SIZE; AGRICULTURE AB Organic farming, which is growing in popularity, has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional farming practices. However, it is not known how organic farming systems affect soil erosion risk and sediment-bound nutrient transport. Our objectives were to compare soil erosion risk and sediment bound nutrient transport potential for grain-based conventional and organic cropping systems by determining selected soil physical properties and distributions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soil aggregates of the 0-5 cm depth of a Christiana-Matapeake-Keyport soil association. We measured soil bulk density, aggregate stability, aggregate size distributions, and total C, N, and P associated with five soil aggregate size classes in no-till (NT) and chisel till (CT) systems and in an organic system (ORG). No-till soils had lesser bulk density and greater aggregate stability than did CT and ORG soils. Carbon, N, and P concentrations were greater in large (>2.00 mm) and small macroaggregates (0.21 to 2.00 mm) than in microaggregates (<0.21 mm) regardless of cropping system. When nutrient concentrations were combined with aggregate distribution data, the quantity of aggregate associated nutrients was greatest in microaggregates in ORG and CT soils but greatest in macroaggregates in NT soils. These results indicate an increased risk of sediment associated nutrient transport from ORG and CT soils compared with NT soils, since microaggregates in these soils are preferentially lost through sediment transport. The NT cropping system promoted macroaggregate formation and reduced the risk of particulate nutrient transport in this warm, humid region soil. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Green, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001 BARCW,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greens@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 170 IS 10 BP 822 EP 831 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000190509.18428.fe PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 989WQ UT WOS:000233705100007 ER PT J AU Delozier, G Zhao, YL Deng, YL White, D Zhu, JY Prein, M AF Delozier, G Zhao, YL Deng, YL White, D Zhu, JY Prein, M TI Laboratory- and mill-scale study of surfactant spray flotation deinking SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; TONER AB As the cost of quality waste paper continues to escalate in response to an increased global demand for this finite resource, loss of saleable fiber within flotation rejects becomes both environmentally and economically unacceptable, The ability of surfactant spray technology to reduce fiber loss without detriment to pulp brightness gains has been demonstrated during both laboratory- and pilot-scale flotation deinking investigations. This paper documents the successful transfer of this technology to a single flotation unit within the deinking line of a mill producing newsprint from 100% secondary fiber. Initial results suggest that the loss of fiber across the unit was reduced by more than 50% without obvious detriment to final pulp quality. Application: Paper mills could significantly reduce fiber loss' and save costs using surfactant spray technology in flotation deinking. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. Abitibi Consolidated Snowflake Div, Snowflake, AR USA. RP Delozier, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yulin.deng@ipst.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 4 IS 10 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 972FP UT WOS:000232439900005 ER PT J AU Klein, RR Klein, PE Mullet, JE Minx, P Rooney, WL Schertz, KF AF Klein, RR Klein, PE Mullet, JE Minx, P Rooney, WL Schertz, KF TI Fertility restorer locus Rf1 of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein not present in the colinear region of rice chromosome 12 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE sorghum; fertility restorer; map-based cloning; pentatricopeptide repeat protein; microsynteny ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; MAP-BASED CLONING; ORTHOLOGOUS REGION; GENOME EVOLUTION; CONTAINING GENE; GRASS GENOMES; ATP6 RNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; MAIZE AB With an aim to clone the sorghum fertility restorer gene Rf1, a high-resolution genetic and physical map of the locus was constructed. The Rf1 locus was resolved to a 32-kb region spanning four open reading frames: a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, a cyclin D-1, an unknown protein, and a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR13) gene family member. An similar to 19-kb region spanning the cyclin D-1 and unknown protein genes was completely conserved between sterile and fertile plants as was the sequence spanning the coding region of the Ca2+-ATPase. In contrast, 19 sequence polymorphisms were located in an similar to 7-kb region spanning PPR13, and all markers cosegregated with the fertility restoration phenotype. PPR13 was predicted to encode a mitochondrial-targeted protein containing a single exon with 14 PPR repeats, and the protein is classified as an E-type PPR subfamily member. To permit sequence-based comparison of the sorghum and rice genomes in the Rf1 region, 0.53 Mb of sorghum chromosome 8 was sequenced and compared to the colinear region of rice chromosome 12. Genome comparison revealed a mosaic pattern of colinearity with an similar to 275-kb gene-poor region with little gene conservation and an adjacent, similar to 245-kb gene-rice region that is more highly conserved between rice and sorghum. Despite being located in a region of high gene conservation, sorghum PPR13 was not located in a colinear position on rice chromosome 12. The present results suggest that sorghum PPR13 represents a potential candidate for the sorghum Rf1 gene, and its presence in the sorghum genome indicates a single gene transposition event subsequent to the divergence of rice and sorghum ancestors. C1 ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Klein, RR (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rklein@tamu.edu NR 57 TC 90 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 6 BP 994 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-2011-y PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 973CH UT WOS:000232500000001 PM 16078015 ER PT J AU Loridon, K McPhee, K Morin, J Dubreuil, P Pilet-Nayel, ML Aubert, G Rameau, C Baranger, A Coyne, C Lejeune-Henaut, I Burstin, J AF Loridon, K McPhee, K Morin, J Dubreuil, P Pilet-Nayel, ML Aubert, G Rameau, C Baranger, A Coyne, C Lejeune-Henaut, I Burstin, J TI Microsatellite marker polymorphism and mapping in pea (Pisum sativum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; REPEAT SSR MARKERS; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; CYTOGENETIC MAPS; GENOME; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES AB This paper aims at providing reliable and cost effective genotyping conditions, level of polymorphism in a range of genotypes and map position of newly developed microsatellite markers in order to promote broad application of these markers as a common set for genetic studies in pea. Optimal PCR conditions were determined for 340 microsatellite markers based on amplification in eight genotypes. Levels of polymorphism were determined for 309 of these markers. Compared to data obtained for other species, levels of polymorphism detected in a panel of eight genotypes were high with a mean number of 3.8 alleles per polymorphic locus and an average PIC value of 0.62, indicating that pea represents a rather polymorphic autogamous species. One of our main objectives was to locate a maximum number of microsatellite markers on the pea genetic map. Data obtained from three different crosses were used to build a composite genetic map of 1,430 cM (Haldane) comprising 239 microsatellite markers. These include 216 anonymous SSRs developed from enriched genomic libraries and 13 SSRs located in genes. The markers are quite evenly distributed throughout the seven linkage groups of the map, with 85% of intervals between the adjacent SSR markers being smaller than 10 cM. There was a good conservation of marker order and linkage group assignment across the three populations. In conclusion, we hope this report will promote wide application of these markers and will allow information obtained by different laboratories worldwide in diverse fields of pea genetics, such as QTL mapping studies and genetic resource surveys, to be easily aligned. C1 INRA, URLEG, F-21110 Bretenieres, France. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. INRA, SGV, F-80200 Peronne, France. UMR, APBV, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. INRA, SGAP, F-78026 Versailles, France. ARS, USDA, WRPIS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Burstin, J (reprint author), INRA, URLEG, Domaine Epoisses, F-21110 Bretenieres, France. EM burstin@epoisses.inra.fr NR 48 TC 122 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0014-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 973CH UT WOS:000232500000003 PM 16133320 ER PT J AU Curley, J Sim, SC Warnke, S Leong, S Barker, R Jung, G AF Curley, J Sim, SC Warnke, S Leong, S Barker, R Jung, G TI QTL mapping of resistance to gray leaf spot in ryegrass SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE BLAST PATHOGEN; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; FIELD-RESISTANCE; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENES; TURF; POPULATION; CULTIVAR AB Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a serious fungal disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, recently reported on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important turfgrass and forage species. This fungus also causes rice blast and many other grass diseases. Rice blast is usually controlled by host resistance, but durability of resistance is a problem. Little GLS resistance has been reported in perennial ryegrass. However, greenhouse inoculations in our lab using one ryegrass isolate and one rice-infecting lab strain suggest presence of partial resistance. A high density linkage map of a three generation Italian x perennial ryegrass mapping population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GLS resistance. Potential QTL of varying effect were detected on four linkage groups, and resistance to the ryegrass isolate and the lab strain appeared to be controlled by different QTL. Of three potential QTL detected using the ryegrass isolate, the one with strongest effect for resistance was located on linkage group 3 of the MFB parent, explaining between 20% and 37% of the phenotypic variance depending on experiment. Another QTL was detected on linkage group 6 of the MFA parent, explaining between 5% and 10% of the phenotypic variance. The two QTL with strongest effect for resistance to the lab strain were located on linkage groups MFA 2 and MFB 4, each explaining about 10% of the phenotypic variance. Further, the QTL on linkage groups 3 and 4 appear syntenic to blast resistance loci in rice. This work will likely benefit users and growers of perennial ryegrass, by setting the stage for improvement of GLS resistance in perennial ryegrass through marker-assisted selection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Jung, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jung@plantpath.wisc.edu RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1117 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0036-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 973CH UT WOS:000232500000012 PM 16133316 ER PT J AU Sardesai, N Nemacheck, JA Subramanyam, S Williams, CE AF Sardesai, N Nemacheck, JA Subramanyam, S Williams, CE TI Identification and mapping of H32, a new wheat gene conferring resistance to Hessian fly SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; TRITICUM-TAUSCHII; GALL MIDGE; D-GENOME; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; DNA AB H32 is a newly identified gene that confers resistance to the highly pervasive Biotype L of the Hessian fly [ Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. The gene was identified in a synthetic amphihexaploid wheat, W-7984, that was constructed from the durum 'Altar 84' and Aegilops tauschii. This synthetic wheat is one of the parents of the marker-rich ITMI population, which consists of 150 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived by single-seed descent from a cross with 'Opata 85'. Linkage analysis of the H32 locus in the ITMI population placed the gene between flanking microsatellite (SSR) markers, Xgwm3 and Xcfd223, at distances of 3.7 and 1.7 cM, respectively, on the long arm of chromosome 3D. The Xgwm3 primers amplified codominant SSR alleles, a 72 bp fragment linked in coupling to the resistance allele and an 84 bp fragment linked in repulsion. Primers for the SSR Xcfd223 amplified a 153 bp fragment from the resistant Synthetic parent and a 183 bp fragment from the susceptible Opata line. Deletion mapping of the flanking Xgwm3 and Xcfd223 markers located them within the 3DL-3 deletion on the distal 19% of the long arm of chromosome 3D. This location is at least 20 cM proximal to the reported 3DL location of H24, a gene that confers resistance to Biotype D of the Hessian fly. Tight linkage of the markers will provide a means of detecting H32 presence in marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding as an effective strategy for extending durability of deployed resistance. C1 ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cwilliams@purdue.edu NR 45 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1173 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0048-6 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 973CH UT WOS:000232500000018 PM 16160821 ER PT J AU Villamon, FG Spooner, DM Orrillo, M Mihovilovich, E Perez, W Bonierbale, M AF Villamon, FG Spooner, DM Orrillo, M Mihovilovich, E Perez, W Bonierbale, M TI Late blight resistance linkages in a novel cross of the wild potato species Solanum paucissectum (series Piurana) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; R-GENES; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; SECT PETOTA; RFLP MAPS; TUBEROSUM AB The cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum, is affected by a variety of diseases with late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, being the most severe. Wild potato species have proven to be a continuing source of resistance, sometimes of an extreme type, to this disease. The present study constructs the first late blight linkage map of a member of series Piurana, S. paucissectum, a tuber-bearing relative of potato, using probes for conserved sequences from potato and tomato. Eight probes mapped to unexpected linkage groups, but syntenic differences with prior maps of potato were not supported by any blocks of rearranged chromosome segments. All 12 linkage groups were resolved and significant associations with late blight resistance were found on chromosomes 10, 11 and 12. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 11 accounts for more than 25% of the phenotypic variance measured in a field trial. Crossing of S. paucissectum with cultivated potato resulted in very few seeds indicating partial reproductive barriers. Differential reactions of accessions of this potential donor species with simple and complex isolates of P. infestans suggest that it carries major resistance genes that are not those previously described from the Mexican species, S. demissum. However, the additivity of the QTL effects argues for the quantitative nature of resistance in this cross. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CIP, Dept Crop Improvement & Genet Resources, Lima 1558 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dspooner@wisc.edu NR 53 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1214 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0053-9 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 973CH UT WOS:000232500000022 PM 16133311 ER PT J AU Donovan, DM Kerr, DE Wall, RJ AF Donovan, DM Kerr, DE Wall, RJ TI Engineering disease resistant cattle SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovine; disease resistance; mastitis; transgene ID TRANSGENIC MOUSE MILK; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; KAPPA-CASEIN; MICE; MASTITIS; EXPRESSION; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; LYSOZYME AB Mastitis is a disease of the mammary gland caused by pathogens that find their way into the lumen of the gland through the teat canal. Mammary gland infections cost the US dairy industry approximately $2 billion dollars annually and have a similar impact in Europe. In the absence of effective treatments or breeding strategies to enhance mastitis resistance, we have created transgenic dairy cows that express lysostaphin in their mammary epithelium and secrete the antimicrobial peptide into milk. Staphylococcus aureus, a major mastitis pathogen, is exquisitely sensitive to lysostaphin. The transgenic cattle resist S. aureus mammary gland challenges, and their milk kills the bacteria, in a dose dependent manner. This first step in protecting cattle against mastitis will be followed by introduction of other genes to deal with potential resistance issues and other mastitis causing organisms. Care will be taken to avoid altering milk's nutritional and manufacturing properties. Multi-cistronic constructs may be required to achieve our goals as will other strategies possibly involving RNAi and gene targeting technology. This work demonstrates the possibility of using transgenic technology to address disease problems in agriculturally important species. C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bobwall@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 30 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s11248-005-0670-8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 977JO UT WOS:000232799800004 PM 16245147 ER PT J AU Park, JY Pak, SI Sung, HW Kim, JH Song, CS Lee, CW Kwon, HM AF Park, JY Pak, SI Sung, HW Kim, JH Song, CS Lee, CW Kwon, HM TI Variations in the nucleocapsid protein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Korea SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE infectious bronchitis virus; nucleocapsid gene; recombination; sequence ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS; RNA RECOMBINATION; S1 GLYCOPROTEIN; N-PROTEIN; CHICKENS; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CORONAVIRUSES; VARIANT AB Fourteen infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) were isolated in Korea between 2001 and 2003 from chickens suspected to be infected with IBVs. The nucleocapsid (N) protein genes of the various IBVs were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were cloned and sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences for non-Korean IBV strains. The Korean IBV isolates shared amino acid sequence similarity of between 89.2% (K203-02 and K1255-03) and 98.3% (K434-01 and K281-01) with each other and exhibited amino acid sequence similarity between 57.0% (K774-01 and V18/91) and 96.6% (K507-01 and JP8147) with non-Korean IBV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced N protein amino acid sequences resulted in the segregation of Korean IBV isolates into three different clusters, with cluster assignments differing for some of the isolates from those obtained with analysis of the S1 glycoprotein. Korean IBV isolates K069-01, K281-01, K434-01, K504-01, K774-01, K748-01, K044-02, K058-02, K161-02, K203-02, and K234-02 formed an independent cluster comprised only of Korean IBV isolates. Another Korean IBV isolate, K210-02, belonged to a cluster that included IBV strains isolated in USA, the Netherlands and China. Recent Korean IBV isolates K514-03 and K1255-03 grouped into a third distinct cluster related to a Chinese IBV strain. As deduced from phylogenetic analysis, some IBV isolates appear to have arisen from the recombination of IBV strains with different origins. C1 Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Vet Med, Lab Vet Microbiol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. Minist Agr & Forestry, Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 430016, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kwon, HM (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Vet Med, Lab Vet Microbiol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. EM kwonhm@kangwon.ac.kr NR 27 TC 7 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD OCT PY 2005 VL 31 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s11262-005-1788-8 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 946JA UT WOS:000230567000004 PM 16025240 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD Pitcairn, MJ Balciunas, J Enloe, S Turner, C Harmon, D AF Young, JA Clements, CD Pitcairn, MJ Balciunas, J Enloe, S Turner, C Harmon, D TI Germination-temperature profiles for achenes of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seedbed ecology; seedbed temperatures; optimum germination; invasive species ID DIMORPHIC ACHENES; SEED-GERMINATION; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY; REQUIREMENTS; COMMUNITY; WEEDS AB Yellow starthistle is an annual that is dependent on achene production, dispersal, and germination for stand renewal. Our purpose in this study was to determine the temperature relations for germination of achenes of this species. Germination temperature profiles were developed for achenes of yellow starthistle collected from 15 sites in California, Nevada, and Oregon. Each profile consisted of achene germination at 55 constant or alternating temperatures from 0 through 40 C. A total of 85 germination temperature profiles were developed by using the germination data to construct quadratic response surfaces through regression analysis. For most profiles, germination occurred at all the temperature regimes except a constant 40 C. This includes a constant 0 C and 0 alternating with 40 C. Rarely, there was no germination at 35 C and 35 C alternating with 40 C. The only evidence of afterripening requirements for achenes of yellow starthistle that we noted occurred at very cold temperature regimes. At those temperatures, the germination of dark-colored achenes without pappus increased 3 mo after harvest, and decreased for light-colored achenes with a pappus. No single temperature regime always supported optimum germination when all the profiles were combined. The most frequent optima was 2/20 C. Comparing all profiles for the Davis, CA, accession, there were 5 regimes (5 and 10 C cold periods alternating with 15 through 25 C warm periods) that always supported optimum germination. Light-colored achenes with pappus tended to have optimal germination at colder temperatures, and the dark-colored achenes at higher temperatures when seeds were tested immediately after harvest. Nomenclature: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. #(3) MEDSA; tocalote, Centattrea melitensis L.; yellow starthistle, Centattrea solstitialis L. # CENSO. Additional index words: Seedbed ecology, seedbed temperatures, optimum germination, invasive species. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1614/WT-04-283R1.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200007 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Amundson, GB Gesch, RW Papiernik, SK Davis, VM Phippen, WB AF Forcella, F Amundson, GB Gesch, RW Papiernik, SK Davis, VM Phippen, WB TI Herbicides tolerated by cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima x lanceolata) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capric acid; ethalfluralin; isoxaflutole; imazethapyr; lauric acid; mesotrione; oilseed; PSR23; trifluralin ID GROWTH; YIELD AB Partial seed retention line #23('PSR23') cuphea is a hybrid of Cuphea viscosissima X C. lanceolata. it is a new, spring-planted, annual, potential oilseed crop that is highly susceptible to interference by weeds because of its slow growth during spring and early summer. Grass weeds are controlled easily in this broadleaf crop, but broadleaf weeds are an appreciable problem. Consequently, several broadleaf herbicides were screened for tolerance by 'PSR23' cuphea. Broadleaf herbicides to which cuphea showed tolerance in a spray cabinet and a greenhouse were tested in a field setting for 2 yr. Field tolerance was considered as absence of negative impact (P > 0.05) both years to any of four measured traits: overall vigor, dry weight, stand density, and time to anthesis. Cuphea showed tolerance in the field to three soil-applied herbicides (ethalfluralin, isoxaflutole, and trifluralin) and one postemergence herbicide (mesotrione). A few combinations of soil-applied and postemergence herbicides did not damage cuphea. These combinations were ethalfluralin followed by (fb) mesotrione, isoxaflutole fb imazethapyr, and isoxaflutole fb mesotrione. Availability of these herbicides for use in cuphea production may facilitate the domestication and acceptance of this new crop. Nomenclature: 'PSR23' cuphea, Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolata f. silenoides W. T Alton. Additional index words: Capric acid, ethalfluralin, isoxaflutole, imazethapyr, lauric acid, mesotrione, oilseed, PSR23, trifluralin. Abbreviations: fb, followed by; MCFA, medium chain fatty acid; PA, plant-applied; PPI, preplant incorporated; 'PSR23', partial seed retention line #23; SA, soil-applied. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Agr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM forcella@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 861 EP 865 DI 10.1614/WT-04-296R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200013 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, PJS Ransom, CV Boydston, RA Beutler, BR AF Hutchinson, PJS Ransom, CV Boydston, RA Beutler, BR TI Dimethenamid-p: Efficacy and potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety tolerance SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop safety; crop tolerance; herbicide efficacy; herbicide injury ID WEED-CONTROL; RIMSULFURON AB Treatments of dimethenamid-p at 0.7 kg ai/ha applied PRE in tank mixtures with EPTC (3.4 kg ai/ha), metribuzin (560 g ai/ha), pendimethalin (1.1 kg ai/ha), or rimsulfuron (26 g ai/ha) were compared with the same herbicides applied PRE alone in field efficacy trials in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Common lambsquarters, kochia, and redroot pigweed control was generally improved with dimethenamid-p tank mixtures compared with control by any herbicide applied alone except metribuzin. Hairy nightshade control at two locations was generally improved with tank mixtures compared with control by any herbicide applied alone. At Washington, where row spacing was narrower than at other locations, dimethenamid-p alone or in tank mixtures provided similar hairy nightshade control, and this control was greater than control by EPTC, metribuzin, or pendimethalin applied alone. 'Alturas', 'Bannock Russet', 'Ranger Russet', 'Russet Burbank', 'Russet Norkotah', and 'Shepody' potato tolerance to dimethenamid-p PRE at 0, 0.7, or 1.4 kg ai/ha was assessed in weed-free field trials conducted at Aberdeen, ID, in 2002 and 2003. Little or no crop injury was evident during the growing seasons and there were no reductions in U.S. No. I and total tuber yields regardless of dimethenamid-p rate or potato variety. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hutchinson, PJS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM phutch@uidaho.edu RI Ransom, Corey/E-5927-2011 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 966 EP 971 DI 10.1614/WT-04-300R1.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200031 ER PT J AU Carpinelli, MF AF Carpinelli, MF TI The absolute-log method of quantifying relative competitive ability and niche differentiation SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interference; competition; amensalism; facilitation; mutualism; Spitters; reciprocal yield law ID INTERFERENCE; FACILITATION; COMMUNITIES; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS AB Plant competition studies designed to quantify interference between species provide valuable information on competitive interactions and on the effects of agronomic practices on those interactions. The effect of each species' density on the growth of itself and on the growth of the other species is quantified in a series of regression models. Traditionally, the models' regression coefficients have been combined in a series of ratios to quantify relative competitive ability and niche differentiation. Coefficients that are negative (positive interference-facilitation, mutualism) or zero (neutral interference or nonsignificant coefficient) do not lend themselves well to ratio-based methodology because of sign cancellation or undefined values, respectively. As a result, ratio-based methodology is limited to using only positive coefficients (negative interference-amensalism, competition). Rather than using ratios, the absolute-log method uses addition and subtraction of coefficients converted to a pseudologarithmic scale, thus allowing for use of coefficients with values are negative or zero. As a result, the absolute-log method can be used to quantify relative competitive ability and niche differentiation involving all types of interference-negative, positive, and neutral. The absolute-log method includes an optional statistical procedure constructing confidence intervals for the estimates of relative competitive ability and niche differentiation. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Carpinelli, MF (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Grants Soil Survey Off, 1041 Mesa Blvd,Suite C, Grants, NM 87020 USA. EM carpinelli_michael@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1614/WT-04-014R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200032 ER PT J AU Ulbrich, AV Souza, JRP Shaner, D AF Ulbrich, AV Souza, JRP Shaner, D TI Persistence and carryover effect of imazapic and imazapyr in Brazilian cropping systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop tolerance; imidazolinone; herbicide carryover; dissipation time; planting interval; soil bioassay ID SOIL TYPE; IMAZETHAPYR; IMAZAQUIN; CROPS; PH; ADSORPTION; IMAZAMOX; MOBILITY; SORPTION AB Field studies were conducted in 1999 to 2000 on a clay soil and a sandy-loam soil in Londrina and Palmeira, PR, Brazil, respectively, to determine the persistence and carryover effect of a mixture of imazapic and imazapyr, applied to imidazolinone-tolerant corn, on rotational crops of soybean, edible bean, wheat, and corn in two different planting systems (no till and tillage). Main plots were herbicide treatments (0, 52.5 + 17.5, and 105 + 35 g ai/ha for imazapic and imazapyr, respectively) and subplots were five intervals (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d) between the herbicide application and rotational crop planting. Soil samples were collected for a cucumber bioassay and chemical residues analysis at each time interval. The dissipation time (DT50) of the herbicides in the soil was greater in Londrina than Palmeira, for both imazapic (54 d vs. 27 d, respectively) and imazapyr (40 d vs. 33 d, respectively), probably due to the lower pH and greater clay content of the soil in Londrina compared with Palmeira. The DT50 for both herbicides tended to increase slightly in no-till compared with conventional tillage but the differences were not great. Soybean was the least sensitive rotational crop, with a period for no yield drag (PINYD) of 87 d in Londrina and 88 d in Palmeira. Wheat and edible bean showed intermediate sensitivity. The PINYD for wheat and edible bean was 99 and 98 d for Londrina and 91 and 97 d for Palmeira, respectively. Corn was the most sensitive, with a PINYD of 117 d in Londrina and 97 d in Palmeira. Cucumber was more sensitive to imazapic and imazapyr residues than the rotational crops and should be an effective bioassay to indicate when rotational crops can be safely planted. C1 Londrina State Univ, Dept Agron, Londrina, PR, Brazil. USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shaner, D (reprint author), Londrina State Univ, Dept Agron, Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 986 EP 991 DI 10.1614/WT-04-208R2.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200034 ER PT J AU Brennan, EB Smith, RF AF Brennan, EB Smith, RF TI Winter cover crop growth and weed suppression on the central coast of California SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass production; canopy development; weed seed production; weedsuppressive ability ID GREEN MANURE CROPS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SCLEROTINIA-MINOR; TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; SYSTEM; POPULATION; EMERGENCE; MIXTURES AB Winter cover crops are increasingly common on organic and conventional vegetable farms on the central coast of California between periods of intensive vegetable production. A 2-yr study was conducted in Salinas, California, to quantify (1) cover crop and weed biomass production during cover cropping, (2) early-season canopy development of cover crops, (3) weed seed production by burning nettle during cover cropping, and (4) weed emergence following cover crop incorporation. The cover crops included oats, a mustard mix, and a legume/oats mix that were planted in October and soil-incorporated in February. Weed and cover crop densities, early-season cover crop canopy development, above-ground weed and cover crop biomass production, seed production by the burning nettle, and postincorporation weed emergence was evaluated. Mustard produced more early-season biomass than oats and the legume/oats mix. There were no differences in above ground biomass production by the cover crops at the end of their growth period. Suppression of weed biomass and seed production of burning nettle was greatest in mustard, and least in oats and the legume/oats mix. The weed suppressive ability of each cover crop was affected by early-season canopy development and was highly correlated with cover crop plant density. Weed emergence following cover crop incorporation was in order of legume/oats mix > oats > mustard in yr 1, but was not different in yr 2. This study provides initial information on cover crop effects on weed management in irrigated and tilled vegetable production systems in the central coast of California. The results suggest that the legume/oats mix could exacerbate weed problems in subsequent vegetable crops. C1 USDA ARS, Organ Res Program, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Brennan, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Organ Res Program, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ebbrennan@ucdavis.edu NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 34 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.1614/WT-04-246R1.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200039 ER PT J AU Sciumbato, AS Senseman, SA Ross, J Mueller, TC Chandler, JM Cothren, JT Kirk, IW AF Sciumbato, AS Senseman, SA Ross, J Mueller, TC Chandler, JM Cothren, JT Kirk, IW TI Effects of 2,4-D formulation and quinclorac on spray droplet size and deposition SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser spectrometer; drift chamber ID DRIFT; SPECTRA; GLYPHOSATE; ADJUVANTS; NOZZLES; WATER AB Studies were conducted on the campuses of Texas A&M University in College Station, TX, and New Mexico State in Las Cruces, NM, to determine the spray droplet size spectra produced by quinclorac and 2,4-D as the liquid, dry, and emulsion formulations during application with various nozzle sizes using a laser spectrometer. Quinclorac and 2,4-D formulations were also sprayed through three different nozzle sizes in a drift chamber and allowed to settle on glass slides placed downwind. The amounts of each herbicide deposited on the slides were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) analysis to assess spray deposition of each formulation at different wind velocities. Data from the laser spectrometer suggested that formulations of 2,4-D affected droplet size, particularly when the 380 ml/min flat-fan nozzle was used. Quinclorac droplet sizes were similar to water regardless of nozzle size. Liquid and dry-formulated 2,4-D tended to be deposited downwind in greater quantities than the emulsion formulation when using the 380 and 760 ml/min spray nozzles with wind velocity of 15 km/h. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Senseman, SA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM s-senseman@tamu.edu RI Senseman, Scott/E-7714-2011 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1036 DI 10.1614/WT-04-236R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200041 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA AF Williams, MM Boydston, RA TI Alternative to hand-weeding volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) in carrot (Daucus carota) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop injury; integrated weed management; minor crop; tuber density; vegetable AB Few herbicides are used in carrot production in the United States, and none suppress volunteer potato, a serious weed where the two crops are grown in rotation. Hand-weeding is the primary method of controlling emerged volunteer potato within carrot. The objective of this work was to evaluate carrot tolerance and volunteer potato control with single or sequential applications of prometryn, prometryn plus fluroxypyr, and ethofumesate. The treatment with fluroxypyr resulted in malformed carrots with numerous root hairs and reduced carrot yield. Treatments with prometryn, either as single or sequential POST applications at 2.23 kg ai/ha, were safe on carrot and frequently controlled volunteer potato similar to the hand-weeded treatment. Ethofumesate applied as single or sequential PRE or POST at 2.2 kg ai/ha proved safe on carrot, but higher rates reduced yield. Ethofumesate applied POST or PRE followed by POST consistently reduced volunteer potato tuber mass. If registered for use in carrot, prometryn and ethofumesate would help modernize weed management in carrot and reduce or eliminate the need for hand-weeding volunteer potato. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invasive Weed Management Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Invasive Weed Management Res, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1055 DI 10.1614/WT-04-334R2.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 993OA UT WOS:000233962200044 ER PT J AU Long, JN Shaw, JD AF Long, JN Shaw, JD TI A density management diagram for even-aged ponderosa pine stands SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE silviculture; stand density index; stocking diagram; northern goshawk; mountain pine beetle ID DOUGLAS-FIR; INDEX; BEETLE AB We developed a density management diagram (DMD) for ponderosa pine using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. Analysis plots were drawn from all FIA plots in the western United States on which ponderosa pine occurred. A total of 766 plots met the criteria for analysis. Selection criteria were for purity, defined as ponderosa pine basal area >= 80% of plot basal area, and even-agedness, as defined by a ratio between two calculations of stand density index. The DMD is relatively unbiased by geographic area and therefore should be applicable throughout the range of ponderosa pine. The DMD is intended for use in even-aged stands, but may be used for uneven-aged management where a large-group selection system is used. Examples of density management regimes are illustrated, and guidelines for use are provided. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Long, JN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM fakpb@cc.usu.edu NR 46 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 974FZ UT WOS:000232578000001 ER PT J AU Kearns, HSJ Jacobi, WR Johnson, DW AF Kearns, HSJ Jacobi, WR Johnson, DW TI Persistence of pinyon pine snags and logs in southwestern Colorado SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus edulis; Leptographium wageneri var. wageneri; Ips confusus; decay ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; STAIN ROOT DISEASE; FORESTS; BIRDS AB We examined the persistence of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) standing snags and downed logs in southwestern Colorado pinyon-juniper woodlands. The time since death of pinyon pines killed by bark beetles, black stain root disease, or unknown causes in three study areas in southwestern Colorado was determined through monitoring of permanent plots and dendrochronological crossdating methods. The structural condition and form of the trees was recorded and related to the time since death. Pinyon snags may persist for up to 25 years, with persistence of intact snags averaging 8.4 years and broken snags averaging 13.2 years. Sound logs had been dead for a mean of 9.8 years, whereas more fragmented logs had been dead for a mean of 14.4 years. Extremely fragmented trees had been dead for 16.2 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the time since death for snags versus logs in similar condition classes. A simplified rating system to determine the number of years dead for pinyon pine based on form and condition is provided. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Lakewood Serv Ctr, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kearns, HSJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM william.jacobi@colostate.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 974FZ UT WOS:000232578000007 ER PT J AU Wegner, T Jones, P AF Wegner, T Jones, P TI Nanotechnology for the forest products industry SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Imerys, Roswell, GA 30076 USA. RP Wegner, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 549 EP 551 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 980WS UT WOS:000233049500001 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Hatfield, C Abbott, W AF Lebow, S Hatfield, C Abbott, W TI Treatability of SPF framing lumber with CCA and borate preservatives SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry CY OCT 17-19, 2004 CL Lansdowne, VA AB There is increasing interest in preservative pressure-treatment of framing lumber to prevent attack by decay fungi and insects. However, the Spruce-Pine-Fir species group that is often used in framing construction can be difficult to penetrate with preservatives. We compared solution uptake and penetration of boron and copper from a borax-copper (BC) preservative to that of boron in a disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) treatment and copper in a chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment. For all wood species, average solution uptake was consistently greater with the DOT solution than with the BC or CCA solution. Average boron penetration with DOT was also greater than that for any BC solution. Immediately after treatment, boron penetration with DOT exceeded 10 mm in at least 80% of specimens, indicating that the treatment could meet American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA, 2003) penetration standards. Following a 2-week diffusion period, boron in BC treatments also met or exceeded AWPA standards in most cases. Copper penetration was much lower than boron penetration and did not meet AWPA standards in any species. Collapse was noted in some specimens treated with heated BC and DOT solutions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Pole Maintenance Co, Columbus, NB, Canada. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 605 EP 614 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 980WS UT WOS:000233049500007 ER PT J AU Piao, C Shupe, TF Gopu, V Hse, CY AF Piao, C Shupe, TF Gopu, V Hse, CY TI Theoretical modeling and experimental analyses of laminated wood composite poles SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry CY OCT 17-19, 2004 CL Lansdowne, VA DE beams; composites; energy methods; higher-order differential equation; poles; thick-shell; Timoshenko beam theory; variational methods AB Wood laminated composite poles consist of trapezoid-shaped wood strips bonded with synthetic resin. The thick-walled hollow poles had adequate strength and stiffness properties and were a promising substitute for solid wood poles. It was necessary to develop theoretical models to facilitate the manufacture and future installation and maintenance of this novel engineered wood product. A higher-order governing differential equation (GDE) model was developed for this purpose based on the principle of minimum potential energy. Transverse shear and glue-line effects were taken into account in the development of the model. A simplified theoretical model was also derived to further validate the higher-order GDE model. Thirty-six small-scale wood laminated composite poles were made and tested to validate the models developed. Strip thickness and number of strips were chosen as experimental variables. The deflection predicted by the theoretical models agreed well with those measured in experiment. The agreement with the results predicted by the simplified theoretical model was better than that with those predicted by the higher-order GDE model. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCenter, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCenter, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 662 EP 672 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 980WS UT WOS:000233049500013 ER PT J AU Gu, HM Zink-Sharp, A AF Gu, HM Zink-Sharp, A TI Geometric model for softwood transverse thermal conductivity. Part I SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry CY OCT 17-19, 2004 CL Lansdowne, VA DE transverse thermal conductivity; heat transfer; geometric thermal conductivity model AB Thermal conductivity is a very important parameter in determining heat transfer rate and is required for development of drying models and in industrial operations such as adhesive cure rate. Geometric models for predicting softwood thermal conductivity in the radial and tangential directions were generated in this study based on observation and measurements of wood structure. Modeling effective thermal conductivity in the radial and tangential directions is helpful in understanding the heat transfer mechanism in the two directions and predicting the values for a wide range of moisture contents (MC) when practical experiments for obtaining those values are unrealistic. Theoretical estimations indicate that radial thermal conductivity of softwood species is greater than tangential thermal conductivity when the MC is below the fiber saturation point (FSP) due to structure differences in the two directions. A linear relationship was found between MC and radial thermal conductivity in the range of 0%-30%. Both radial and tangential thermal conductivity increases with an increase in latewood percentage. When MC is above the FSP, tangential and radial thermal conductivity increases dramatically and nonlinearly with moisture content. However, no significant difference was found between radial and tangential thermal conductivity above the FSP. Geometric differences in the two directions had little effect on the model-estimated thermal conductivity when free water occupied a portion of the cell lumen. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gu, HM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 699 EP 711 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 980WS UT WOS:000233049500017 ER PT J AU Rosen, HN AF Rosen, HN TI How a chemical engineer found utility and happiness in Forest Products and Wood Science Research - Comments accompanying receipt of the 2005 SWST Distinguished Service Award SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rosen, HN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 713 EP 714 PG 2 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 980WS UT WOS:000233049500018 ER PT J AU Jones, PD Schimleck, LR Peter, GF Daniels, RF Clark, A AF Jones, PD Schimleck, LR Peter, GF Daniels, RF Clark, A TI Non-destructive estimation of Pinus taeda L tracheid morphological characteristics for samples from a wide range of sites in Georgia SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; INCREMENT CORES; WOOD PROPERTIES; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; CELLULOSE CONTENT; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; NORWAY SPRUCE; PREDICTION; RADIATA AB Tracheid coarseness, specific surface, wall thickness, perimeter, and radial and tangential diameter from 119 radial strips of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) trees grown on 14 sites in three physiographic regions of Georgia (USA) were measured by SilviScan. NIR spectra were also collected in 10 mm increments from the radial longitudinal surface of each strip and split into calibration (9 sites, 729 spectra) and prediction sets (6 sites, 225 spectra). NIR spectra (untreated and mathematically treated first and second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction) were correlated with tracheid properties to develop calibrations for the estimation of these properties. Strong correlations were obtained for properties related to density, the strongest R-2 being 0.80 (coarseness), 0.78 (specific surface) and 0.84 (wall thickness). When applied to the test set, good relationships were obtained for the density-related properties (R (2)(p) ranged from 0.68 to 0.86), but the accuracy of predictions varied depending on math treatment. The addition of a small number of cores from the prediction set (one core per new site) to the calibration set improved the accuracy of predictions and, importantly, minimized the differences obtained with the various math treatments. These results suggest that density related properties can be estimated by NIR with sufficient accuracy to be used in operational settings. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jones, PD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pdj7477@owl.forestry.uga.edu NR 27 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s00226-005-0021-1 PG 17 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 974QN UT WOS:000232606600002 ER PT J AU Yang, VW Clausen, CA AF Yang, VW Clausen, CA TI Determining the suitability of Lactobacilli antifungal metabolites for inhibiting mould growth SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal; bacteriocin; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei ID ACID; PLANTARUM; BACTERIA AB In recent years, public concern about indoor mould growth has increased dramatically in the United States. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are known to produce antimicrobial compounds important in the biopreservation of food, were evaluated to determine if the same antimicrobial properties can be used to inhibit mould fungi that typically colonize wood. Based on biomass measurement, cell-free supernatants from Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus grown in deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth inhibited 95-100% growth of three mould fungi and one stain fungus associated with wood-based building materials. Lactic acid and four unknown compounds <= 1 kDa molecular weight were fractionated from the culture supernatant by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antifungal activity, which was attributed to one or more unknown metabolites, was retained during heating and neutralization. A 1:2 dilution of L. casei supernatant inhibited 100% growth of all test fungi. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Yang, VW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM vyang@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6-7 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1007/s11274-004-7552-8 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 985NT UT WOS:000233385500029 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Blummel, M Sudekum, KH AF Grings, EE Blummel, M Sudekum, KH TI Methodological considerations in using gas production techniques for estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies for silage-based diets SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial efficiency; in vitro gas production; cattle ID IN-VITRO; RUMEN FERMENTATION; INVITRO; CATTLE; DEGRADABILITY; NUTRITION; ENERGY; ACIDS AB The relationship between in vivo and in vitro estimates of efficiency of microbial production (EMP) was tested using four silage-based diets. In vivo estimates were based on renal allantoin excretion in steers and in vitro estimates were based on a combination of gas volume and true substrate degradability (TSDOM) measures conducted at substrate-specific times. After an initial test to evaluate 96 h gas production profiles of diets incubated in both N-low and N-rich media, the time to half maximal gas production (t(1/2)) was calculated and a second incubation conducted in both media with fermentation stopped at t(1/2) for each substrate. True substrate degradability was measured from incubation residues and combined with gas volumes to estimate EMP. Additionally, microbial N (MN) production estimates were made using two equations from information on dietary N, N content of residues and NH3-N content of media before and after incubation. In vitro estimates of EMP were related to in vivo EMP in both N-low (R-2 = 0.94, P=0.03) and N-rich (R-2 =0.91, P=0.04) incubation media. No relationships occurred between in vitro efficiency of microbial N production and in vivo EMP when microbial N production was calculated from direct N determinations using N content of the apparently degraded residue after centrifugation and NDFN of the incubation residue. When in vitro microbial N production was estimated indirectly by accounting for dietary N, changes in NH3-N concentrations in the incubation medium and NDFN in the incubation residue, efficiency of microbial N production relative to 100 mg TSDOM tended (R-2 = 0.83, P=0.09) to be positively related to in vivo EMP. Silage fermentation acids appeared to interfere with relationships between gas production and in vitro substrate degradability measures because they were removed from the incubation residue without having contributed to fermentation. Therefore, silage acids should be accounted for when using combined in vitro gas production and true substrate degradability estimates to evaluate EMP of silage-based diets. N supplementation of incubation medium can influence substrate use for microbial growth, and attempts should be made to simulate in vivo N availability. It may be possible to rank silage-based diets for microbial efficiency using combined gas volume and true substrate degradability measures conducted at substrate-specific times (t(1/2)). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ILRI, S Asia Project, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Anim Nutr & Physiol, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Blummel, M (reprint author), ILRI, S Asia Project, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM m.blummel@cgiar.org NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD SEP 30 PY 2005 VL 123 BP 527 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.041 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 976WL UT WOS:000232764100039 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS AF Konstantinov, AS TI New species of Middle Asian Longitarsus Latreille with discussion of their subgeneric placement (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; flea beetle; Longitarsus; Testergus; Truncatus AB The subgenus Testergus Weise of Longitarsus Latreille is redefined based on the characters of male genitalia and four new species are described and illustrated: L. borisi sp. nov. (Tadzhikistan), L. danilevskyi sp. nov. (Kazakhstan), L. igori sp. nov. (Tadzhikistan), and L. nadiae sp. nov. (Kirgizstan). The lectotypes for L. fuscoaeneus Redtenbacher, L. tmetopterus Jacobson and L. nurataicus Palij are designated. A key to the known Testergus species from Greece, Caucasus and Middle Asia is provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 30 PY 2005 IS 1056 BP 19 EP 42 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 968ZY UT WOS:000232204400002 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Hartman, G AF Dey, DC Hartman, G TI Returning fire to Ozark Highland forest ecosystems: Effects on advance regeneration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; restoration; forest regeneration; forest structure; oak forests; fire ecology; silviculture ID COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; MISSOURI OZARKS; SHELTERWOOD; MOUNTAINS; RESPONSES; STANDS; PINE AB In mature forests of the Ozark Highlands, MO, USA, we evaluated fire effects on the survival and growth of tree seedlings and saplings (i.e., advance regeneration), and used this information to develop species-specific models that predict the probability of survival based on initial tree size and number of times burned. A 1000 ha forest area was divided into five units that were randomly chosen to receive one, three or four dormant season surface fires during the period 1998-2001. A total of 2741 stems of advance regeneration, ranging in size up to 15 cm in basal diameter and 15 In in height, were permanently marked and measured in all the units. One and four years after initiating the burn treatments, height of survivors was measured. Although most stems experienced shoot dieback following the first fire, survival was high (> 90%) for all species as most trees produced new shoots from the living rootstock. The probability of surviving one fire was significantly related to initial stem size (basal diameter and height). With additional burning, the probability of survival increased with increasing initial tree size, and decreased as the number of burns increased. For a given initial diameter, black oak and post oak had the highest probability of survival after three or more burns (e.g., 88% for 5 cm stems), followed closely by white oak (80%), and scarlet oak (60%). For similar sized stems, flowering dogwood had low probabilities of survival (e.g., 25%), and blackgum was devastated by frequent burning (2%). Sassafras showed the greatest tolerance to burning, and more than 90% of stems survived three or more fires over a 4-year period. The probability of survival significantly decreased with increasing number of burns for most species. However, frequency of burning had less influence on the probability of survival for larger (e.g., >= 7.6 cm) diameter advance regeneration than it did for smaller stems. One fire significantly altered the height distribution of advance regeneration, concentrating most of the stems in the smallest height class (< 1 m tall). Recovery of height was slow even 4 years after a burn due to the suppression of regeneration by the overstory canopy that averaged 18 m(2)/ha in basal area (69% stocking). Overall, repeated burning in the dormant season reduces understory structure and favors oak advance regeneration. Survival models can be used to plan for woodland and savanna restoration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.002 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 974TJ UT WOS:000232614000003 ER PT J AU Frangi, JL Barrera, MD Richter, LL Lugo, AE AF Frangi, JL Barrera, MD Richter, LL Lugo, AE TI Nutrient cycling in Nothofagus pumilio forests along an altitudinal gradient in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE boreal and cool temperate forests; nutrient cycling; deciduous species; krummholz; sub Antarctic forests; timberline; Nothofagus pumilio; Tierra del Fuego; Argentina ID MOBILE TREE ISLANDS; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; USE EFFICIENCY; ALPINE TUNDRA; USA; GROWTH; STANDS; RANGE; SOILS AB Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) forests form monocultures from sea level to timberline in Tierra de Fuego, Argentina. Past studies suggested that the life form change from erect forest to krummholz had advantages to forest function. Aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) and organic matter production per unit leaf area and growing season day were higher in krummholz than in adjacent short erect forests at lower elevation. We compared tall erect, short erect, and krummholz lenga stands in terms of the concentration, accumulation, fluxes, turnover, and use-efficiency of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) along an elevation gradient (220-640 m) in Tierra del Fuego (Valle de Andorra, 54 degrees 9'S, 68 degrees 2W). With few exceptions, patterns of decreasing values of nutrient concentration, nutrient stock, nutrient flux, and nutrient turnover reversed at the krummholz, which had higher values of these parameters than an adjacent short erect forest at lower elevation. Nutrient cycles accelerated at the krummholz but nutrient use-efficiency of organic matter production and nutrient return to the forest floor decreased. Several functional attributes of krummholz support the notion that this life form has functional advantages at timberline. For example: (1) a shift towards fast turnover compartments for nutrient storage; (2) a switch from high storage of nutrients in stemwood biomass to nutrient storage in branch biomass; (3) faster rates of internal nutrient transfer (recycling and retention); (4) greater dependence on biotic recycling of nutrients; (5) morphological characteristics associated with leaf size, leaf duration, number of leaves, and leaf area to sapwood area ratio. Nutrient cycling attributes measured in Tierra del Fuego span values reported for forests across temperate and boreal latitudes, with krummholz and tall erect forests representing either the low or the high values. Lenga krummholz is different from coniferous krummholz in North America's tundra in that lenga appears to be a nutrient-rich forest that acts as a nutrient sink, while coniferous krummholz scavenge for nutrients on tundra soils and reduce their nutrient pools. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Nacl La Plata, LISEA, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. EM jfrangi@ceres.agro.unlp.edu.ar; mbarrera@ceres.agro.unlp.edu.ar; alugo@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 217 IS 1 BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.051 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 974TJ UT WOS:000232614000006 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Pereira, RM AF Valles, SM Pereira, RM TI Solenopsis invicta transferrin: cDNA cloning, gene architecture, and up-regulation in response to Beauveria bassiana infection SO GENE LA English DT Article DE transferrin; Solenopsis invicta; Q-PCR; gene expression ID COMPLEMENT-LIKE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; VERTEBRATE TRANSFERRINS; HUMAN LACTOFERRIN; BINDING PROTEINS; IRON-METABOLISM; INNATE IMMUNITY; C-LOBE; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA AB Transferrin genes from several insects have been shown to be induced in response to bacterial or fungal infection. We were interested to know whether transferrin genes in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, are similarly induced by microbial challenge. Hence, the cDNA and structure of a gene exhibiting significant homology to insect transferrins were elucidated for S. invicta. The cDNA was comprised of 2417 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail, with a large open reading frame of 2106 nucleotides. The predicted translation product of the S. invicta tranferrin (SiTf) gene was a 702 amino acid polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 77.3 kDa and a pI value of 5.66, characteristics consistent with transferrin proteins. Comparative analysis of genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that the SiTf gene was comprised of 8 exons. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of SiTf. Expression of SiTf was induced in worker ants exposed to Beauveria bassiana conidia. Autoclave-killed conidia did not elicit a SiTf induction response from worker ants. Genes, like SiTf, responding to microbe attack or infection may provide a unique approach to assist in the discovery of microbial control organisms for the target insect pest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD SEP 26 PY 2005 VL 358 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2005.05.017 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 969QL UT WOS:000232249500006 PM 16039806 ER PT J AU McNulty, ST Klesius, PH AF McNulty, ST Klesius, PH TI Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody to identify Ictalurus sp fillets SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; basa; Vietnamese imports; monoclonal antibody ID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB The deceptive marketing of imported basa, Pangasius bocourti (Sauvage), fillets as catfish has resulted in serious economic losses to the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), industry in the US. The similar appearance of channel catfish and basa fillets created a need for a rapid method to differentiate uncooked, cooked and/or marinated channel catfish fillets from basa fillets and other fish products. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for a 36.8 kDa channel catfish fillet protein was produced and characterized by an indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. This MAb was used to develop an indirect ELISA specific for a fillet protein unique to fish of the genus Ictalurus. Using this ELISA, 100% of raw and cooked channel catfish fillets were correctly identified and differentiated from other fish in a single-blind study. These results show that the indirect ELISA using MAbs specific for unique Ictalurus sp. fillet proteins is a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of raw and cooked catfish fillets. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP McNulty, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM smcnulty@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD SEP 22 PY 2005 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01329.x PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 964ST UT WOS:000231901500005 ER PT J AU Cruz-Guzman, M Celis, R Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J AF Cruz-Guzman, M Celis, R Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J TI Adsorption of pesticides from water by functionalized organobentonites SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bentonites; organoclays; adsorption; pesticides ID ORGANIC-CARBON CONTENT; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; CLAY COMPLEXES; SOIL COLLOIDS; SORPTION; DESORPTION; ORGANOCLAYS; CATIONS; ORGANOHYDROTALCITES; TRIADIMEFON AB Replacement of natural inorganic cations of clay minerals with organic cations has been proposed as a strategy to improve the adsorptive capacity of clay minerals for organic compounds, including pesticides. The organic cations most commonly used for this purpose have been quaternary ammonium ions containing alkyl or aryl chains without specific functional groups. In this work, we evaluated the ability of two bentonites (SWy-2 and SAz-1) exchanged with four natural organic cations containing diverse functional groups (L-carnitine, L-cysteine ethyl ester, L-cyStine dimethyl ester, and thiamine) as adsorbents of pesticides varying in their chemical structures (simazine, hexazinone, triadimefon, alachlor, carbaryl, and imazethapyr). For comparison purposes, the adsorptive properties of two "classical" organobentonites, hexadecyltrimethylammonium- and phenyltrimethylammonium-exchanged bentonites, were also determined. Most organobentonites displayed higher affinity for the pesticides than the untreated bentonites, but the improvement in adsorption capacity varied depending on the characteristics of the pesticide and the interlayer organic cation. Triadimefon, carbaryl, and imazethapyr displayed the highest affinity for carnitine (K-f = 229-2377)-, thiamine (K-f = 83-354)-, and cystine (K-f = 96-100)-treated bentonites, respectively, whereas alachlor was adsorbed similarly by all organobentonites. In general, pesticide adsorption-desorption hysteresis was greater for adsorbents with the highest adsorption capacities. The results demonstrate that selective modification of smectitic clay minerals with natural organic cations containing appropriate functional groups can be a useful strategy to improve their performance for the removal of specific pesticides from the environment. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, E-41080 Seville, Spain. USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cornejo, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 10,Apdo 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM cornejo@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; Cruz-Guzman, Marta/B-5175-2017; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cruz-Guzman, Marta/0000-0003-0018-3620; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 19 BP 7502 EP 7511 DI 10.1021/jf058048p PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 964QP UT WOS:000231895900022 PM 16159179 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Dao, LT Wong, RY Harden, LA AF Takeoka, GR Dao, LT Wong, RY Harden, LA TI Identification of benzalkonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzalkonium chloride; grapefruit seed extract; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis; antimicrobial activity ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SURFACTANTS; MUCOSA AB Commercial grapefruit seed extracts (GSE) were extracted with chloroform. The solvent was evaporated, and the resulting solid was subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), and elemental analysis (by proton-induced X-ray emission analysis). Three major constituents were observed by HPLC and were identified as benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride. This mixture of homologues is commonly known as benzalkonium chloride, a widely used synthetic antimicrobial ingredient used in cleaning and disinfection agents. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grt@pw.usda.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 19 BP 7630 EP 7636 DI 10.1021/jf0514064 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 964QP UT WOS:000231895900039 PM 16159196 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV AF Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV TI Kinematics of flow within headcut scour holes on hillslopes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT WALL JETS; CONCENTRATED FLOWS; SOIL-EROSION; UPLAND AREAS; MIGRATION; OVERFALL; PREDICTION; TAILWATER; STRESS; GROWTH AB The development and migration of headcuts in rills and gullies can adversely impact soil resources in agricultural areas and accelerate landscape degradation worldwide. Analytical treatments of this erosion process have been based on a turbulent impinging jet analogue, though partially validated by field and laboratory data. Experiments were conducted using fixed headcut models to define the mean flow structure within these erosional features and to assess the applicability of similarity arguments for jets to characterize this flow domain. These data show that (1) flow within headcut scour holes is analogous to plane turbulent reattached wall jets and (2) similarity arguments used to define the limits, length scales, and velocity distributions in classical free jets and wall jets are applicable within discrete regions of the headcut scour hole domain but are affected by the ventilation characteristics of the overfall. This study contributes new knowledge on the hydrodynamics within headcut scour holes, and it confirms the applicability of jet theory for analyzing such soil erosion processes. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu; calonso@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 21 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 9 AR W09418 DI 10.1029/2004WR003752 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 968TN UT WOS:000232185400001 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Zhang, J AF Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Zhang, J TI Seasonal dynamics and partitioning of isotopic CO2 exchange in C-3/C-4 managed ecosystem SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem exchange; ecosystem respiration; stable isotopes; photosynthetic discrimination; isotopic disequilibrium; land use change; micrometeorology; flux partitioning ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOIL RESPIRATION; RESPIRED CO2 AB Ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 are needed to better understand the impacts of climate and land use change on ecosystem respiration (F-R), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (F-N), and canopy-scale photosynthetic discrimination (Delta). We combined micrometeorological and stable isotope techniques to quantify isotopic fluxes of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 over a corn-soybean rotation ecosystem in the Upper Midwest United States. Results are reported for a 192-day period during the corn (C-4) phase of the 2003 growing season. The isotopomer flux ratio, d(13)CO(2)/d(12)CO(2), was measured continuously using a tunable diode laser (TDL) and gradient technique to quantify the isotope ratios of F-R (delta(R)) and F-N (delta(N)). Prior to leaf emergence delta(R) was approximately -26 parts per thousand. It increased rapidly following leaf emergence and reached an average value of -12.5 parts per thousand at full canopy. delta(R) decreased to pre-emergence values following senescence. delta(N) also showed strong seasonal variation and during the main growing period averaged -11.6 parts per thousand. delta(R) and delta(N) values were used in a modified flux partitioning approach to estimate canopy-scale Delta and the isotope ratio of photosynthetically assimilated CO2 (delta(P)) independent of calculating canopy conductance or assuming leaf-scale discrimination factors. The results showed substantial day-to-day variation in Delta with an average value of 4.0 parts per thousand. This flux-based estimate of Delta was approximately 6 parts per thousand lower than the Keeling mixing model estimate and in better agreement with leaf-level observations. These data were used to help constrain and partition F-R into its autotrophic (F-Ra) and heterotrophic (F-Rh) components based on the numerical optimization of a mass balance model. On average F-Rh, accounted for 44% of growing season F-R and reached a maximum of 59% during peak growth. The isotope ratio of F-Rh (delta(Rh)), was -26 parts per thousand prior to leaf emergence, and became increasingly 13 C enriched as the canopy developed indicating that recent photosynthate became the dominant substrate for microbial activity. Sensitivity analyses substantiated that F-Rh had a major influence on the seasonal pattern of delta(R), delta(N) and the isotopic disequilibrium of the ecosystem. These data and parameter estimates are critical for validating and constraining the parameterization of land surface schemes and inverse models that aim to estimate regional carbon sinks and sources and interpreting changes in the atmospheric signal of delta(CO2)-C-13. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.06.005 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971OF UT WOS:000232393100001 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Apostol, K Gao, W AF Grant, RH Apostol, K Gao, W TI Biologically effective UV-B exposures of an oak-hickory forest understory during leaf-out SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE UV radiation; PAR; diffuse radiation; canopy transmittance; oak forest; climate change ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-B; LOW OZONE; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; SURFACE; MODEL; TREES; USA AB Although it is known that many plant species that are sensitive to solar UV radiation exist in low radiation environments, little is known about the sensitivity of young tree seedlings and herbaceous forest vegetation that inhabits the low radiation environment of the forest understory. Furthermore, little is known about the UV radiation environment of this vegetation during the deciduous forest leaf-out period when solar radiation levels are the highest. The development of the forest canopy and the penetration of solar UV radiation through the canopy to the understory of a deciduous upland forest was studied between 15 April and I June of 2004. During the early part of the leaf-out period, the mean canopy transmittance in the PAR exceeded that in the UV-A or UV-B. By 20 days into the leaf-out period, the PAR transmittance was nearly equal to that of the UV. As the leaves in the canopy reached full expansion, the PAR, UV-A and UV-B penetration was essentially equal and small. Canopy transmittance during leaf-out was not dependent on cloud cover. Greater penetration of solar radiation in longer wavelengths within the UV was probably a result of scattering of direct beam radiation off tree bark in the canopy. The effective canopy transmittance from 15 March through the canopy leaf-out was 47%. For an expected period of UV exposure for the herbaceous layer of 15 March through 15 May, the tree seedlings and herbaceous plants received 41 kJ m(-2) of biologically effective UV-B radiation. It is projected that the herbaceous layer vegetation will receive approximately 27% more UVBBE radiation on clear days with a decreased stratospheric ozone of 20 DU and approximately 3% more UVBBE radiation with increased temperatures causing leaf-out to begin 10 days earlier than 2004. More research is needed to understand the potential interactions of these and other climate change components on the deciduous forest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Network, Natl Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rgrant@purdue.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.06.008 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971OF UT WOS:000232393100003 ER PT J AU Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Likens, GE Belt, KT Stack, WP Kelly, VR Band, LE Fisher, GT AF Kaushal, SS Groffman, PM Likens, GE Belt, KT Stack, WP Kelly, VR Band, LE Fisher, GT TI Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE impervious surfaces; land use change ID ROAD-SALT; DEICING SALT; MOHAWK RIVER; NEW-YORK; LAKE; RESPONSES; SALINITY; CHLORIDE; SODIUM; BASIN AB Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region. We observed chloride concentrations of up to 25% of the concentration of seawater in streams of Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire during winters, and chloride concentrations remaining up to 100 times greater than unimpacted forest streams during summers. Mean annual chloride concentration increased as a function of impervious surface and exceeded tolerance for freshwater life in suburban and urban watersheds. our analysis shows that if salinity were to continue to increase at its present rate due to changes in impervious surface coverage and current management practices, many surface waters in the northeastern United States would not be potable for human consumption and would become toxic to freshwater life within the next century. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Baltimore Dept Publ Works, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RP Kaushal, SS (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB Route 44A, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM likensg@ecostudies.org RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013 OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189 NR 32 TC 267 Z9 282 U1 16 U2 144 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 20 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 38 BP 13517 EP 13520 DI 10.1073/pnas.0506414102 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 967TW UT WOS:000232115100031 PM 16157871 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ AF Crow, WT Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ TI The added value of spaceborne passive microwave soil moisture retrievals for forecasting rainfall-runoff partitioning SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB Using existing data sets of spaceborne soil moisture retrievals, streamflow and precipitation for 26 basins in the United States Southern Great Plains, a 5-year analysis is performed to quantify the value of soil moisture retrievals derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) X-band (10.7 GHz) radiometer for forecasting storm event-scale runoff ratios. The predictive ability of spaceborne soil moisture retrievals is objectively compared to that obtainable using only available rainfall observations and the antecedent precipitation index (API). The assimilation of spaceborne observations into an API soil moisture proxy is demonstrated to add skill to the forecasting of land surface response to precipitation. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. SSAI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Room 104,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 18 AR L18401 DI 10.1029/2005GL023543 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 967SB UT WOS:000232110400005 ER PT J AU Chan, JW Motton, D Rutledge, JC Keim, NL Huser, T AF Chan, JW Motton, D Rutledge, JC Keim, NL Huser, T TI Raman spectroscopic analysis of biochemical changes in individual triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the pre- and postprandial state SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN PACKING; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; MANIPULATION; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS AB Individual triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) particles derived from human volunteers are nondestructively analyzed by laser tweezers Raman microspectroscopy, and information on their composition and distribution is obtained. The Raman signature of single optically trapped very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), a subclass of TGRL, which play an important role in cardiovascular disease, exhibits distinct peaks associated with molecular vibrations of fatty acids, proteins, lipids, and structural rear-rangements of lipids. Our analysis of pre- and postprandial VLDL exhibits the signature of biochemical changes in individual lipoprotein particles following the consumption of meals. Interaction of VLDL with endothelium leads to the breakdown of complex triacylglycerols and the formation of a highly ordered core of free saturated fatty acids in the particle. A particle distribution analysis reveals trends in the degree to which this process has occurred in particles at different times during the postprandial period. Differences in particle distributions based on the different ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fats in the consumed meals are also easily discerned. Individual lipoprotein particles hydrolyzed in vitro through addition of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) exhibit strikingly similar changes in their Raman spectra. These results demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring the dynamics of lipid metabolism of individual TGRL particles as they interact with LpL in the endothelial cell wall using Raman spectroscopy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chan19@llnl.gov RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012; Chan, James/J-3829-2014 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL55667, HL71488] NR 34 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 18 BP 5870 EP 5876 DI 10.1021/ac050692f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 964ZL UT WOS:000231919400011 PM 16159116 ER PT J AU Hauser, VL Gimon, DM Bonta, JV Howell, TA Malone, RW Williams, JR AF Hauser, VL Gimon, DM Bonta, JV Howell, TA Malone, RW Williams, JR TI Models for hydrologic design of evapotranspiration landfill covers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-BALANCE; PREDICTIONS; LYSIMETERS; SOILS; FLOW AB The technology used in landfill covers is changing, and an alternative cover called the evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover is coming into use. Important design requirements are prescribed by Federal rules and regulations for conventional landfill covers but not for ET landfill covers. There is no accepted hydrologic model for ET landfill cover design. This paper describes ET cover requirements and design issues, and assesses the accuracy of the EPIC and HELP hydrologic models when used for hydrologic design of ET covers. We tested the models against high-quality field measurements available from lysimeters maintained by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Coshocton, Ohio, and Bushland, Texas. The HELP model produced substantial errors in estimating hydrologic variables. The EPIC model estimated ET and deep percolation with errors less than 7% and 5%, respectively, and accurately matched extreme events with an error of less than 2% of precipitation. The EPIC model is suitable for use in hydrologic design of ET landfill covers. C1 Victor L Hauser PE, San Antonio, TX 78230 USA. Mitretek Syst, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Exptl Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Hauser, VL (reprint author), Victor L Hauser PE, 13214 Hunters Breeze, San Antonio, TX 78230 USA. EM vl.hauser@sbcglobal.net NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 7226 EP 7233 DI 10.1021/es048020e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965HR UT WOS:000231941700047 PM 16201652 ER PT J AU Kaiya, H Small, BC Bilodeau, AL Shepherd, BS Kojima, M Hosoda, H Kangawa, K AF Kaiya, H Small, BC Bilodeau, AL Shepherd, BS Kojima, M Hosoda, H Kangawa, K TI Purification, cDNA cloning, and characterization of ghrelin in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catfish; ghrelin; purification; cDNA cloning; GH; expression; real-time PCR ID COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; GROWTH-HORMONE-SECRETAGOGUES; FOOD-INTAKE; ACYLATED PEPTIDE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; INSULIN-SECRETION; IN-VITRO; RATS; IDENTIFICATION AB The ghrelin peptide and cDNA encoding precursor protein were isolated from the stomach of a channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Catfish ghrelin is a 22-amino acid peptide with a sequence of GSSFLSPTQKPQNRGDRKPPRV. The third serine residue has been modified by n-decanoic acid and unsaturated fatty acids; however, an octanoylated form could not be identified. The carboxyl end of the peptide possessed an amide structure. A Gly-extended, non-amidated 23-amino acid ghrelin (ghrelin-Gly) was also isolated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed high levels of gene expression in the stomach and moderate levels in the pancreas and gall bladder. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ghrelin increased plasma GH levels in the catfish, but the effect of ghrelin-Gly was more potent than that of amidated ghrelin. Furthermore, IP injection with both amidated ghrelin and ghrelin-Gly caused a significant increase in pituitary GH mRNA expression over a 3-h period. These results indicate that ghrelin is present in catfish and stimulates GH gene expression and GH release in channel catfish. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Cardiovasc Ctr, Inst Res, Dept Biochem, Suita, Osaka 5658565, Japan. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Kurume Univ, Inst Life Sci, Div Mol Genet, Kurume, Fukuoka 8390861, Japan. RP Kaiya, H (reprint author), Natl Cardiovasc Ctr, Inst Res, Dept Biochem, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 5658565, Japan. EM kaiya@ri.ncvc.go.jp RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 43 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.03.012 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 960IO UT WOS:000231584100001 PM 16111526 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Famiglietti, JS Ryu, D AF Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Famiglietti, JS Ryu, D TI Calibration of an impedance probe for estimation of surface soil water content over large regions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE land surface hydrology; soil moisture; instrument calibration; field experiments; gravimetric sampling; error analysis ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; CAPACITANCE PROBES; MOISTURE; STABILITY; TDR AB Large region surface soil moisture estimates are important for both hydrologic modeling and remote sensing applications. For soil moisture monitoring, gravimetric soil moisture sampling is reliable; however, it requires a significant effort to gather and process samples. Portable impedance probes serve as a valuable alternative to destructive gravimetric sampling. These probes measure the dielectric properties of the soil-water-air mixture from which we can infer the volumetric soil moisture. As part of recent large-scale experiments in the summers of 2002 and 2003, three different methods for calibrating impedance probes were investigated with the support of coincident gravimetric samples. Field specific calibration improved the accuracy of the probe from greater than +/- 5% volumetric soil moisture (using the generalized calibration) to less than +/- 4%. In addition, a significant amount of bias (similar to 2%) was eliminated. It was also determined that field specific calibration removes a bias due to bulk density variations. Based upon these results it was concluded that the generalized calibration is adequate for estimation of diverse conditions. For studies with more stringent accuracy requirements, field specific calibration is necessary because of reduced bias and error. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Rm 104 Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Ryu, Dongryeol/C-5903-2008 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Ryu, Dongryeol/0000-0002-5335-6209 NR 19 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 311 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 968PN UT WOS:000232174600004 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI Dielectric spectroscopy in agriculture SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications CY AUG 23-26, 2004 CL Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, KNAW, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Novocontrol GmbH, DSM ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PERMITTIVITIES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FOOD MATERIALS; FRESH FRUITS; FREQUENCY; VEGETABLES; INSECTS; GRAIN; GHZ AB Reported measurements of the dielectric properties or permittivities over broad frequency ranges for some agricultural materials are cited, and graphical data from the cited literature are presented. They include 50-kHz to 12-GHz frequency-domain permittivity data for adult rice weevils and hard red winter wheat, time-domain reflectometry data for the same insects from 30 MHz to 1 GHz, frequency-domain data from 200 MHz to 20 GHz for adults of the lesser grain borer, 200-MHz to 20-GHz data for apple juice and fresh peaches, and 10-MHz to 1.8-GHz data, as a function of temperature, for whey protein gel and navel orange tissue. Interpretation of the data showed that selective dielectric heating of rice weevils in wheat could be expected between 10 and 100 MHz but not at microwave frequencies. For fresh fruit and vegetable tissues, temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was minimal at some frequency in the 20-120 MHz range with a positive temperature coefficient below that frequency and a negative temperature coefficient at higher frequencies. Between 10 and 300 MHz, the loss factor can be very well expressed as a linear function of the log of frequency and temperature. With further study dielectric spectroscopy may be useful in detecting product quality factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 33-36 BP 2940 EP 2944 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.04.081 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 966AZ UT WOS:000231993300059 ER PT J AU Bergen, KM Brown, DG Rutherford, JF Gustafson, EJ AF Bergen, KM Brown, DG Rutherford, JF Gustafson, EJ TI Change detection with heterogeneous data using ecoregional stratification, statistical summaries and a land allocation algorithm SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land cover change; midwest USA; change detection ID TM DATA; COVER; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY AB A ca. 1980 national-scale land-cover classification based on aerial photo interpretation was combined with 2000 AVHRR satellite imagery to derive land cover and land-cover change information for forest, urban, and agriculture categories over a seven-state region in the U.S. To derive useful land-cover change data using a heterogeneous dataset and to validate our results, we a) stratified the classification using predefined ecoregions, b) developed statistical relationships by ecoregion between land-cover proportions derived from the 1980 national-level classification and aggregate statistical data that were available in time series for all regions in the U.S., c) classified multi-temporal AVHRR data using a process that constrained the results to the estimated proportions of land covers in ecoregions within a multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) procedure, d) interpreted land cover from a sample of aerial photographs from 2000, following the protocols used to produce the 1980 classification for use in accuracy assessment of land cover and land-cover change data, and e) compared land cover and land-cover change results for the MOLA method with an unsupervised classification alone. Overall accuracies for the 2000 MOLA and unsupervised land-cover classifications were 85% and 82%, respectively. On average, the 1980-2000 land-cover change RMSEs were one order of magnitude lower using the MOLA method compared with those based on the unsupervised data. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bergen, KM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kbergen@umich.edu RI Brown, Daniel/L-8089-2013 OI Brown, Daniel/0000-0001-6023-5950 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 434 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.03.016 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 965RK UT WOS:000231967800002 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, GJ Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, DJ Clarke, TR AF Fitzgerald, GJ Pinter, PJ Hunsaker, DJ Clarke, TR TI Multiple shadow fractions in spectral mixture analysis of a cotton canopy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE shadows; hyperspectral; spectral mixture analysis; shade; MESMA; cotton; PHyTIS; precision agriculture ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; REFLECTANCE MODEL; VEGETATION; SOIL; ALBEDO AB Shadows are being used more frequently to estimate plant canopy biophysical characteristics. Typically, a zero value is assumed or a threshold value is derived from histogram analysis of imagery to determine the shadow endmember (EM). Here, two distinct shadow EMs were measured in situ for use in spectral mixture analysis of a cotton canopy on five dates in 2003. The four EMs used in the analysis were: sunlit green leaf, sunlit dry soil, self-shadowed leaf, shadowed dry soil. This 4-EM model was compared to a 3-EM model where a zero-value shade EM was used for unmixing with the two sunlit EMs. Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) was used to allow EM composition to vary across each scene. The analysis and EMs were applied to fine-scale hyperspectral image data collected in the wavelength range, 440 to 8 10 nm. Ground data collected included percent cover, height, SPAD (a measure of leaf greenness), and chlorophyll a concentration. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was also compared to the unmixing results. Regression analysis showed that NDVI was equal to the 4-EM model for estimation of percent cover (r(2) = 0.95, RMSE = 6.6) although the NDVI y-intercept was closer to zero. The 4-EM model was best for estimating height (r(2) = 0.79, PMSE=0.07 in) and chlorophyll a concentration (r(2) = 0.46, RMSE=7.0 mu g/cm(2)). The 3-EM model and NDVI per-formed poorly when estimating chlorophyll a concentration. Inclusion of two distinct shadow EMs in the model improved relationships to crop biophysical parameters and was better than assuming one, zero-value shade EM. Since MESMA operates at the pixel level and allows variable EM assignment to each pixel, mapping the spatial variability of shadows and other variables of interest is possible, providing a powerful input to canopy and ecosystem models as well as precision fanning. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Fitzgerald, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM gfitzgerald@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 4 BP 526 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.020 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 965RK UT WOS:000231967800009 ER PT J AU Frank, JW Mellencamp, MA Carroll, JA Boyd, RD Allee, GL AF Frank, JW Mellencamp, MA Carroll, JA Boyd, RD Allee, GL TI Acute feed intake and acute-phase protein responses following a lipopolysaccharide challenge in pigs from two dam lines SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pigs; genotype; sex; lipopolysaccharide; feed intake; acute-phase protein ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; IMMUNE CHALLENGE; GROWING PIGS; CYTOKINES; PLASMA; CERULOPLASMIN; HAPTOGLOBIN; INJECTION; NITROGEN AB This study was conducted to evaluate the response of two dam lines of pigs to acute increases of LPS. Acute-phase proteins were also measured to determine their potential use as biological indicators of the immune response. Thirty-six pigs (initial body weight = 21.3 +/- 0.48 kg) were allotted by dam line (Lines 1 and 2) and sex (castrates and gilts) to one of three LPS dose treatments and penned individually. Treatments were a single i.m. injection of 0 (LPS-0), 25 (LPS-25) or 50 mu g LPS/kg body weight (BW) (LPS-50). Acute changes in feed intake were related to a pre-injection baseline intake. Feeders were weighed daily to establish baseline feed intake (average daily feed intake -48 to 0 h prior to injection). The acute feed intake response (AFIR) was computed as the average daily feed intake 0-48 h after injection divided by baseline intake. Serum was harvested at time 0 and 48 It after injection. LPS-0 pigs grew faster and consumed more feed than the LPS-25 or LPS-50 pigs (0.79 kg/d versus 0.51 and 0.50 kg/d; 1.15 kg/d versus 0.96 and 0.89 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.001). The AFIR of Line 1 castrates and Line 2 gilts was similar for LPS-25 and LPS-50 treatments, while Line 1 gilts and Line 2 castrates had decreased AFIR with increased LPS dose (sex x line x LPS, P < 0.05). Three of 18 castrates died but no gilts died following the LPS challenge (P < 0.10). Castrates had higher haptoglobin (Hpt) concentrations than gilts on d 0 (18.1 units of absorption/mg of protein versus 13.1 units of absorption/ing of protein; P < 0.03). Line 1 pigs had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations than Line 2 pigs (P < 0.05) on d 0. LPS treatment did not change serum concentrations of CRP, Hpt or ceruloplasmin (Cp). However, the change in serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration decreased quadratically (from 0 to 48 h) with increasing LPS dose (P < 0.02). This change in SAA was negatively correlated with the AFIR (r = -0.80; P < 0.001). In general, castrates appear to be more sensitive to endotoxin challenges than gilts. Serum amyloid A, but not the other acute-phase proteins evaluated, was a good biological indicator of immune system activation following an acute lipopolysaccharide challenge when compared to the acute change in feed intake. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 PIC USA Inc, Franklin, KY 42134 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Allee, GL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AlleeG@Missouri.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.04.014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 952JI UT WOS:000230999400001 PM 15982749 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Chockalingam, A Paape, MJ Hope, JC AF Bannerman, DD Chockalingam, A Paape, MJ Hope, JC TI The bovine innate immune response during experimentally-induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; cytokine; endotoxin; innate immunity; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; mastitis ID GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEIN; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DRY-COW THERAPY; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Almost half of all clinical cases of mastitis are caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Among these bacteria, intramarnmary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains one of the most refractory to antibiotic therapy. The ability to recognize potentially harmful pathogens whether previously encountered or not, as well as the induction of an initial pro-inflammatory response to these pathogens, are critical components of host innate immunity. Although the innate immune response to another Gram-negative mastitis-causing pathogen, Escherichia coli, has been well-characterized, little is known about the response to other Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. The objective of the current study was to characterize the systemic and localized. bovine innate immune response to intramammary infection with R aeruginosa. The contralateral quarters of ten mid-lactating Holstein cows were challenged with either saline or P aeruginosa. Following the establishment of infection, milk samples were collected and assayed for changes in cytokine and growth factor concentrations, complement activation, and changes in the levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), two accessory molecules involved in host recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. Initial increases in milk somatic cell counts were evident within 12 h of experimental challenge and remained elevated for >= 3 weeks. Increased permeability of the mammary gland vasculature, as evidenced by elevated milk levels of BSA, was initially observed 20 h post-infection and persisted for 2 weeks. Within 32 h of challenge, increased levels of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 were detected, however, the elevated levels of these cytokines were not sustained for longer than a 24 h period. In contrast, elevations in IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, sCD14, LBP, and activated complement factor 5 (C5a) were sustained for periods of > 48 h. Systemic changes were characterized by elevated body temperature, induction of the acute phase protein synthesis of serum amyloid A and LBP, and a transient decrease in circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes. Together, these data demonstrate the capability of the mammary gland to mount robust innate immune response to P. aeruginosa that is characterized by the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement activation, and increased levels of accessory molecules involved in Gram-negative bacterial recognition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 98 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.04.012 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 952JI UT WOS:000230999400003 PM 15970335 ER PT J AU Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Raybourne, RB Babu, US Heckert, RA Tani, H Sasai, K Baba, E Lillehoj, EP AF Okamura, M Lillehoj, HS Raybourne, RB Babu, US Heckert, RA Tani, H Sasai, K Baba, E Lillehoj, EP TI Differential responses of macrophages to Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferon-gamma; nitric oxide; food poisoning; chicken; egg ID CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; MURINE SALMONELLOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IN-VIVO; VACCINE; DEATH; EGGS; PHAGOCYTES; EXPRESSION AB Macrophages are major effectors against Salmonella infection, and also transport bacteria between host tissues and provide a protected site for intracellular bacteria] replication. We hypothesized that differences in chicken macrophage responses to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) and serovar Typhimurium (ST) played a role in preferential infection of eggs by SE compared with ST. To test this hypothesis, we determined bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular viability and macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production following in vitro infection with SE or ST in the presence or absence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The effects of bacterial components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagella, on NO production were also assessed. Our results showed: (1) in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma, the percentage rnacrophages phagocytizing SE and ST was similar; (2) the number of intracellular viable SE was significantly reduced compared with ST in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma; (3) increased macrophage necrosis was seen in the presence of IFN-gamma and ST; (4) Salmonella infection acted synergistically with IFN-gamma in induction of nitric oxide production; and (5) in the absence of IFN-gamma, macrophages produced significantly greater NO following treatment with SE outer membrane protein or flagella compared with ST OMP or flagella, while in the presence of IFN-gamma significantly less NO was produced following treatment with SE-LPS compared with ST-LPS. These results suggest that differential responses of chicken macrophages to SE versus ST may result in increased macrophage death with ST, which could result in an increased inflammatory response as compared to SE. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Immunol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Avrum Gudelsky Vet Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Dept Vet Internal Med, Div Vet Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 107 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.05.009 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 952JI UT WOS:000230999400013 PM 16023220 ER PT J AU Wolfson, BAS Kolb, TE Sieg, CH Clancy, KM AF Wolfson, BAS Kolb, TE Sieg, CH Clancy, KM TI Effects of post-fire conditions on germination and seedling success of diffuse knapweed in northern Arizona SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centaurea diffusa; wildfire; slash pile burning; seed viability; invasive; exotic; Pinus ponderosa ID CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PONDEROSA; SOIL; MACULOSA; BIOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT AB Introduction of exotic plant species is confounding treatments designed to reduce unnaturally high tree densities in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests of the western United States. Also, the recent increase in large, stand-replacing wildfires may promote introduction and spread of species, such as diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.), which may lead to reduced forage and land values and major ecosystem changes. We hypothesized that diffuse knapweed germination and seedling growth would respond positively to burned conditions in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Our first field study was based on a May 2002 wildfire near Flagstaff, Arizona (Site I). For the field study at Site I, we buried diffuse knapweed seeds in sealed mesh packets in four forest floor conditions: severely burned, moderately burned, unburned bare soil and unburned. We removed packets monthly and measured percent germination. Germination under severely burned conditions at Site I (overall average 76%) was higher than in unburned conditions (59%) (P = 0.017). Our second field study was based on a fuel reduction treatment with slash piles burned in February 2003 (Site H). Germination in seed packets was higher (P = 0.003) in pile burn scars (67%) than in adjacent unburned locations (38%) at Site II. In fall 2002, we planted knapweed seeds in pots containing intact 'oil cores from Site I from unburned and severely burned conditions. We allowed competition to grow in half the pots, and removed competition in the other half. Diffuse knapweed biomass/pot was greater (P = 0.035) in soil from the severely burned (2.6 g) compared to the unburned condition (0.6 g) from Site I. Knapweed biornass/pot also appeared greater when grown in soil from pile burn scars (3.3 g) compared with unburned locations (2.5 g) from Site II, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.317). We conclude that severe wildfire or pile burning can promote germination and seedling growth of diffuse knapwecd in northern Arizona pine forests. Moreover, diffuse knapweed may also threaten unburned forests, as average germination was 48% in unburned locations. Failure to consider exotic invasive species in fuel reduction and wildfire rehabilitation may result in trading one undesirable condition for another. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wolfson, BAS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM bswolfson@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1-3 BP 342 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.047 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 990KS UT WOS:000233742400026 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Miles, PD Vissage, JS AF Woodall, CW Miles, PD Vissage, JS TI Determining maximum stand density index in mixed species stands for strategic-scale stocking assessments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stand density index; mixed-species; uneven-aged; strategic-scale; forest inventory and analysis ID SELF-THINNING RULE; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE STANDS; RED ALDER; SIZE; MANAGEMENT AB Stand density index (SDI), although developed for use in even-aged monocultures, has been used for assessing stand density in large-scale forest inventories containing diverse tree species and size distributions. To improve application of SDI in unevenaged, mixed species stands present in large-scale forest inventories, trends in maximum SDI across diameter classes and species combinations were observed for eight common tree species of the United States. Additionally, the relationship between a stand's mean specific gravity of component trees and maximum SDI was explored. Results indicate that the maximum SDI that any particular species may attain is affected to varying degrees by the species composition of subject stands. A strong relationship was found between the mean specific gravity of all trees in a stand and the 99th percentile of the observed distribution of stand SDI's by classes of mean stand specific gravity. A model is proposed whereby the mean specific gravity of individual trees in a stand may serve as a predictor of a stand's maximum stocking potential, regardless of the stand's diameter distribution and species composition. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Res Foresters, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Res Foresters, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1-3 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.050 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 990KS UT WOS:000233742400028 ER PT J AU Fossler, CP Wells, SJ Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Bender, JB Eberly, LE Godden, SM Halbert, LW AF Fossler, CP Wells, SJ Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Bender, JB Eberly, LE Godden, SM Halbert, LW TI Herd-level factors associated with isolation of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms - I. Salmonella shedding in cows SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; RISK-FACTORS; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CATTLE; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; CHICKENS; OUTBREAK AB The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between herd characteristics and the isolation of Salmonella from dairy cows in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. Study farms were 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at 2-month intervals over a 1-year period. This is the largest study to date on Salmonella shedding in dairy cows and the only study evaluating herd-level risk factors using longitudinal sampling to characterize Salmonella shedding on dairy farms. Salmonella was isolated in fecal samples from 1026 (4.9%) of 20,089 cows. Over the course of the study, 113 (87.6%) of 129 farms had at least one positive cow sample. Multi-variable logistic regression using the generalized estimating equations approach was used to test the association between herd-level risk factors and the dependent variable of within-herd prevalence by visit (number of Salmonella-positive cows/number of cows sampled) after adjustment for effects of herd size, season, state of origin, and the multiple sampling occasions per herd. Factors retained in the final model included lack of use of tiestall or stanchion facilities to house lactating cows (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.3), not storing all purchased concentrate or protein feeds in an enclosed building (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9), not using monensin in weaned calf or bred heifer diets (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 2.0-5.4), access of lactating or dry cows to surface water (e.g., lake, pond, river, or stream) (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3-3.9), disposal of manure in liquid form (slurry or irrigation, as opposed to disposal of manure by broadcast/solid spreader only) on owned or rented land (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-3.9), and cows eating or grazing of roughage from fields where manure was applied in solid or liquid form and not plowed under during the same growing season (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0-3.0). A seasonal association was also present as cows were more likely to be Salmonella-positive in summer, spring, and fall compared to winter. Herd size was not associated with Salmonella shedding in the final multi-variable model. The herd-level risk factors identified in this study could potentially be implemented in Salmonella control programs on dairy farms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fossler, CP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, VS,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM charles.p.fossler@aphis.usda.gov OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X NR 47 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.04.003 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 951NA UT WOS:000230936200008 PM 15964089 ER PT J AU Fossler, CP Wells, SJ Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Bender, JB Eberly, LE Godden, SM Halbert, LW AF Fossler, CP Wells, SJ Kaneene, JB Ruegg, PL Warnick, LD Bender, JB Eberly, LE Godden, SM Halbert, LW TI Herd-level factors associated with isolation of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms - II. Salmonella shedding in calves SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; herd-level risk factors; dairy cattle; dairy calves; organic ID RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEIFERS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between herd-level factors and the isolation of Salmonella in calves from dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and New York. Study farms were 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at 2-month intervals over a 1-year period. Salmonella was isolated in fecal samples from 176 (3.8%) of 4673 preweaned calves with 40 (31.0%) of 129 farms having at least one positive calf sample over the course of the study. Multivariable logistic regression using the generalized estimating equations approach was used to evaluate risk factors for Salmonella shedding after adjustment for effects of herd size, season, state of origin and the multiple sampling occasions per herd. Factors retained in the final model that were associated with an increased odds for Salmonella shedding were lack of routine feeding of milk replacer containing antimicrobials to preweaned calves (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.8), use of maternity housing as a hospital area for sick cows more than once a month (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.0), and cow prevalence level by visit, categorized into the following four-levels: >= 20% (OR= 11.6, 95% CI: 5.7, 23.7), 10-19.9% (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 11.5), 0.1-9.9% (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 8.7) and 0% (reference level). Herd size was not associated with Salmonella shedding in the final multivariable model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fossler, CP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, VS,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM charles.p.fossler@aphis.usda.gov OI Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.04.002 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 951NA UT WOS:000230936200009 PM 15963584 ER PT J AU Ding, FJ Chen, YR Chao, KL AF Ding, FJ Chen, YR Chao, KL TI Two-wave-band color-mixing binoculars for the detection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses: a simulation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY CARCASSES; INSPECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; SEPTICEMIA; SYSTEM; MEATS AB Visual inspection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses with a novel two-narrowband color-mixing technique for optically enhanced binoculars is simulated. From mean spectra of wholesome, airsacculitis (air-sac), cadaver, inflammatory process (IP), septicemia-toxemia (septox), and tumor chicken samples, 10 mn wave-band pairs are selected using color difference and chromaticness difference indices for simulation of multitarget and single-target detection. The color appearance simulation uses the CIECAM97s color appearance model. Results show that for multitarget detection, the wave-band pair of (454 mn, 578 nm) is able to differentiate all six chicken conditions. For single-target detection of wholesome, air-sac, cadaver, and tumor, the wave-band pairs of (449 nm, 571 nm), (441 nm, 576 nm), (458 nm, 576 nm), and (431 nm, 501 nm), respectively, easily distinguish the target condition from the other five conditions. For single-target detection of IP and septox, the wave-band pairs of (454 nm, 591 nm) and (454 nm, 590 nm), respectively, are able to differentiate the target conditions from wholesome and tumor conditions but have difficulty with the other chicken conditions. The two-color-mixing technique shows promise for use in small-scale processing plant environments to improve the visual inspection process. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 26 BP 5454 EP 5462 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005454 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 963GG UT WOS:000231791300014 PM 16161659 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Oliver, CE Caton, JS Anderson, RC AF Smith, DJ Oliver, CE Caton, JS Anderson, RC TI Effect of sodium [Cl-36]chlorate dose on total radioactive residues and residues of parent chlorate in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DRINKING-WATER; PROCESSING PLANT; SALMONELLA; BACTERIA; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; REDUCTION; TOXICITY AB The objectives of this study were to determine total radioactive residues and chlorate residues in edible tissues of cattle administered at three levels of sodium [Cl-36]chlorate over a 24-h period and slaughtered after a 24-h withdrawal period. Three sets of cattle, each consisting of a heifer and a steer, were intraruminally dosed with a total of 21, 42, or 63 mg of sodium [Cl-36]chlorate/kg of body weight. To simulate a 24-h exposure, equal aliquots of the respective doses were administered to each animal at 0, 8, 16, and 24 h. Urine and feces were collected in 12-h increments for the duration of the 48-h study. At 24 h after the last chlorate exposure, cattle were slaughtered and edible tissues were collected. Urine and tissue samples were analyzed for total radioactive residues and for metabolites. Elimination of radioactivity in urine and feces equaled 20, 33, and 48% of the total dose for the low, medium, and high doses, respectively. Chlorate and chloride were the only radioactive chlorine species present in urine; the fraction of chlorate present as a percentage of the total urine radioactivity decreased with time regardless of the dose. Chloride was the major radioactive residue present in edible tissues, comprising over 98% of the tissue radioactivity for all animals. Chlorate concentrations in edible tissues ranged from noncletectable to an average of 0.41 ppm in skeletal muscle of the high-dosed animals. No evidence for the presence of chlorite was observed in any tissue. Results of this study suggest that further development of chlorate as a preharvest food safety tool merits consideration. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 18 BP 7352 EP 7360 DI 10.1021/jf051414k PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 961EC UT WOS:000231643700058 PM 16131153 ER PT J AU Kukihara, R Lockley, M Holbrook, J Schumacher, B AF Kukihara, Reiji Lockley, Martin Holbrook, John Schumacher, Bruce TI ABUNDANT DINOSAUR TRACKSITES FROM THE MID-CRETACEOUS DAKOTA GROUP PROVIDE A REGIONAL ICHNOFACIES DATABASE IN A HIGH-RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kukihara, Reiji; Lockley, Martin] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Holbrook, John] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Schumacher, Bruce] USDA Forest Serv, La Junta, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 7 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 BP 81A EP 81A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V05MU UT WOS:000207130900276 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH TI Duration of protective antibodies and correlation with survival in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following Streptococcus agalactiae vaccination SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE vaccine; specific antibody response; Streptococcus agalactiae; Nile tilapia ID NONHEMOLYTIC GROUP-B; SALMO-SALAR L.; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; INTRAPERITONEAL; DIFFICILE; EFFICACY; KUWAIT; IB AB Streptococcus agalactiae is a major piscine pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality among numerous species of freshwater, estuarine and marine fishes. Considering the economic importance of fishes susceptible to S. agalactiae throughout the world, an efficacious S. agalactiae vaccine was developed using an extracellular product (ECP) fraction and formalin-killed whole cells of S. agalactiae. A vaccine study was conducted by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in order to determine the duration of protection and its correlation to antibodies specific for this pathogen. After 47, 90 or 180 d post-vaccination (DPV), the fish were i.p. challenged with approximately 2.0 x 10(4) S. agalactiae colony-forming units (CFU) fish(-1) to determine the duration of protective immunity. The percent survival in control fish i.p.-injected with sterile TSB was 16, 16, and 4% on 47, 90 and 180 DPV, respectively, while the percent survival for the vaccinated fish was 67, 62 and 49%, respectively. The specific mean antibody concentration of the vaccinated fish was significantly higher than that of the control fish, with significant correlation between the ELISA optical density (OD) and protection. These results indicate that the specific antibody has a correlation with protection following immunization with the S. agalactiae vaccine and that the vaccine can confer protection against S. agalactiae up to 180 DPV. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 118 Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM dpasnik@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 66 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.3354/dao066129 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 983YU UT WOS:000233269100005 PM 16231638 ER PT J AU Tajvidi, M Falk, RH Hermanson, JC AF Tajvidi, M Falk, RH Hermanson, JC TI Time-temperature superposition principle applied to a kenaf-fiber/high-density polyethylene composite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; fibers; polyethylene (PE); viscoelastic properties ID STRESS-RELAXATION; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMERS; MODEL; CREEP AB The time-temperature superposition principle was applied to the viscoelastic properties of a kenaf-fiber/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite, and its validity was tested. With a composite of 50% kenaf fibers, 48% HDPE, and 2% compatibilizer, frequency scans from a dynamic mechanical analyzer were performed in the range of 0.1-10 Hz at five different temperatures. Twelve-minute creep tests were also performed at the same temperatures. Creep data were modeled with a simple two-parameter power-law model. Frequency isotherms were shifted horizontally and vertically along the frequency axis, and master curves were constructed. The resulting master curves were compared with an extrapolated creep model and a 24-h creep test. The results indicated that the composite material was thermorheologically complex, and a single horizontal shift was not adequate to predict the long-term performance of the material. This information will be useful for the eventual development of an engineering methodology for creep necessary for the design of structural building products from these composites. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tehran, Fac Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Karaj, Iran. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tajvidi, M (reprint author), Univ Tehran, Fac Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, POB 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran. EM mtajvidi@ut.ac.ir RI Tajvidi, Mehdi/D-6959-2012; Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1995 EP 2004 DI 10.1002/app.21648 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 949QJ UT WOS:000230802900030 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, D AF Zarlenga, D TI Special issue: Trichinellosis: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Trichinellosis - Forward SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dzarleng@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.025 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600001 ER PT J AU Gasser, RB Hu, M El-Osta, YA Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E AF Gasser, RB Hu, M El-Osta, YA Zarlenga, DS Pozio, E TI Genetic analysis of Trichinella populations by 'cold' single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella; D3 domain; expansion segment 5; genetic variation; nuclear ribosomal DNA; single-strand conformation polymorphism ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENUS TRICHINELLA; MULTIPLEX PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; RDNA; SSCP AB A non-isotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism ('cold' SSCP) technique has been assessed for the analysis of sequence variability in the expansion segment 5 (ES5) of domain IV and the D3 domain of nuclear ribosornal DNA within and/or among isolates and individual muscle (first-stage) larvae representing all currently recognized species/genotypes of Trichinella. Data are consistent with the ability of cold SSCP to identify intra-specific as well as inter-specific variability among Trichinella genotypes. The cold SSCP approach should be applicable to a range of other genetic markers for comparative studies of Trichinella populations globally. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. Macquarie Univ, Biotechnol Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Gasser, RB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM robinbg@unimelb.edu.au NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.021 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600005 PM 16076533 ER PT J AU Moller, LN Petersen, E Gamble, HR Kapel, CMO AF Moller, LN Petersen, E Gamble, HR Kapel, CMO TI Comparison of two antigens for demonstration of Trichinella spp. antibodies in blood and muscle fluid of foxes, pigs and wild boars SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella; ELISA; E/S antigens; beta-tyvelose antigen; serum; muscle fluids ID INTERNATIONAL-COMMISSION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TRICHINOSIS; SPIRALIS; INFECTIVITY; ANIMALS; RECOMMENDATIONS; HORSES; LARVAE AB For the surveillance of trichinellosis, the digestion method is reliable but also labour intensive. The serological methods for the detection of Trichinella-specific antibodies using ELISA offer a sensitive and relatively specific alternative. For serological studies, sera or plasma from blood samples are the most common source of antibodies, but although the concentration of antibodies is approximately 10-fold lower, muscle fluid can be a good alternative particularly for testing of wildlife samples. In the present study, an indirect ELISA technique was evaluated on both sera and muscle fluids from experimentally infected foxes, pigs, and wild boars using both excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens and a synthetic glycan antigen, beta-tyvelose. Although the synthetic antigen appears to be less sensitive than the E/S antigens, Trichinella-specific IgG antibodies were detected in both serum samples and muscle fluid samples from pigs, wild boars and foxes infected at levels which would be important for food safety or represent a significant reservoir for further transmission. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moller, LN (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM lmn@kvl.dk RI Kapel, Christian/G-9168-2014 OI Kapel, Christian/0000-0002-9539-457X NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.032 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600015 PM 15982820 ER PT J AU Kapel, CMO Webster, P Gamble, HR AF Kapel, CMO Webster, P Gamble, HR TI Muscle distribution of sylvatic and domestic Trichinella larvae in production animals and wildlife SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella spp.; predilection; muscle distribution; pigs; wild boars; horses; foxes ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED SHEEP; PREDILECTION SITES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SPIRALIS LARVAE; INFECTIVITY; TRICHINOSIS; HORSES; SWINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NATIVA AB Only a few studies have compared the muscle distribution of the different Trichinella genotypes. In this study, data were obtained from a series of experimental infections in pigs, wild boars, foxes and horses, with the aim of evaluating the predilection sites of nine well-defined genotypes of Trichinella. Necropsy was performed at 5, 10, 20 and 40 weeks post inoculation. From all host species, corresponding muscles/muscle groups were examined by artificial digestion. In foxes where all Trichinella species established in high numbers, the encapsulating species were found primarily in the tongue, extremities and diaphragm, whereas the non-encapsulating species were found primarily in the diaphragm. In pigs and wild boars, only Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella nelsoni showed extended persistency of muscle larvae (ML), but for all genotypes the tongue and the diaphragm were found to be predilection sites. This tendency was most obvious in light infections. In the horses, T spiralis, Trichinella britovi, and T pseudospiralis all established at high levels with predilection sites in the tongue, the masseter and the diaphragm. For all host species, high ML burdens appeared to be more evenly distributed with less obvious predilection than in light infections; predilection site muscles harbored a relatively higher percent of the larval burden in light infections than in heavy infections. This probably reflects increasing occupation of available muscle fibers as larger numbers of worms accumulate. Predilection sites appear to be influenced primarily by host species and secondarily by the age and level of infection. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kapel, CMO (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. EM chk@kvl.dk RI Kapel, Christian/G-9168-2014 OI Kapel, Christian/0000-0002-9539-457X NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.036 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600019 PM 15979801 ER PT J AU Ribicich, M Gamble, HR Rosa, A Bolpe, J Franco, A AF Ribicich, M Gamble, HR Rosa, A Bolpe, J Franco, A TI Trichinellosis in Argentina: An historical review SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella spirals; pigs; humans; Argentina; history AB In Argentina, Trichinella infection in pigs is endemic. The first report of human trichinellosis in Argentina was from 1898 in Buenos Aires. The number of human cases increased from 908, between 1971 and 1981, to 6919, between 1990 and 2002. In pigs slaughtered in official establishments, the prevalence of Trichinella infection was 0.46% in 1914 and 0.01-0.03% during the period 1990-2004. T spiralis is typically found in the domestic cycle that includes pigs, humans and rodents. Trichinella spp. from a sylvatic cycle has also caused human outbreaks resulting from the consumption of meat from puma, armadillo and wild boar. European migration to Argentina (principally Spanish and Italian) during the first years of the 20th century brought the tradition of preparing and eating raw sausages. This increased the risk of human exposure to Trichinella. Detection in pigs was initially made at slaughter by compression of muscle tissue (trichinoscopy) and continued this way until 1996, when artificial digestion was adopted for use in preventing human trichinellosis in Argentina. The following report synopsizes the evolution of trichinellosis in Argentina over the past century. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ministerio Salud, Dept Zoonosis Rurales, RA-7300 Azul, Argentina. RP Ribicich, M (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Chorroarn 280, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mribicich@fvet.uba.ar NR 10 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.042 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600026 PM 16011875 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Gamble, HR Zarlenga, DS Coss, C Finnigan, J AF Hill, DE Gamble, HR Zarlenga, DS Coss, C Finnigan, J TI Trichinella nativa in a black bear from Plymouth, New Hampshire SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella nativa; zoonosis; uncooked meat; Ursus americanus ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TRICHINOSIS; INFECTION; TOLERANCE; GENOTYPES; MUSCLE; GENUS; PIGS; PCR AB A suspected case of trichinellosis was identified in a single patient by the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories in Concord, NH. The patient was thought to have become infected by consumption of muscle larvae (ML) in undercooked meat from a black bear killed in Plymouth, NH in October 2003 and stored frozen at -20 degrees C fro 4 months. In January 2004, a 600 g sample of the meat was thawed at 4 degrees C, digested in hydrochloric acid and pepsin, and larvae were collected by sedimentation. Intact, coiled, and motile ML were recovered (366 larvae per gram (Ipg) of tissue), which were passed into mice and pigs. Multiplex PCR revealed a single 127 bp amplicon, indicative of Trichinella nativa. The Reproductive Capacity Index (RCI) for the T nativa-Plymouth isolate in mice was 24.3. Worm burdens in the diaphragms of two 3-month-old pigs given 2500 NIL were 0.05 and 0.2 lpg by 35 days post-inoculation, while 2.2 and 0.75 Ipg were recovered from two 3-month-old pigs given 10,000 NIL; no larvae were recovered from four 1-year-old pigs given 2500 ML (n = 2) or 10,000 ML (n = 2). Viable larvae were also recovered from frozen black bear meat harvested at two additional locations, one in southern Ontario, Canada, and one in upstate New York, USA. Multiplex PCR using genomic DNA from these parasite samples demonstrated that both isolates were T nativa. This is the first report of the freeze-resistant species, T nativa, within the continental United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. BARC E, Bovine Funct & Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20418 USA. New Hampshire Publ Hlth Labs, Food Safety Microbiol Unit, Concord, NH USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1044,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dhill@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.043 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600027 PM 15993540 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Pozio, E Lichtenfels, JR Zarlenga, DS Hill, DE AF Gamble, HR Pozio, E Lichtenfels, JR Zarlenga, DS Hill, DE TI Trichinella pseudospiralis from a wild pig in Texas SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE Trichinella pseudospiralis; wild boar; meat inspection ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; OUTBREAK; GENE AB In December 2001, the routine inspection of a wild boar intended for human consumption revealed the presence of Trichinella ssp. larvae. Biological, morphological and genetic analyses demonstrated the parasite to be Trichinella pseudospiralis. This is the second report of T pseudospiralis in the United States and the first report of the parasite in a food animal species in the U.S. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), CNR, 500 5th St NW,GR300K, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM rgamble@nas.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.044 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600028 PM 15990234 ER PT J AU Pyburn, DG Gamble, HR Wagstrom, EA Anderson, LA Miller, LE AF Pyburn, DG Gamble, HR Wagstrom, EA Anderson, LA Miller, LE TI Trichinae certification in the United States pork industry SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA SP Int Commiss Trichinellosis HO Univ San Diego DE food safety; Trichinae; pork; trichinellosis; pre-harvest pork safety; on-farm certification program ID INFECTION; PIGS; RISK AB Control of Trichinella infection in U.S. pork has traditionally been accomplished by inspection of individual carcasses at slaughter or by post-slaughter processing to inactivate parasites. We propose that an alternative to individual carcass testing or processing can be used when pigs are raised in production systems where risk of exposure to Trichinella spiralis has been mitigated. Declines in prevalence of this parasite in U.S. domestic swine during the last 30 years, coupled with improvements in pork production systems, now allow Trichinella control to be shifted to the farm through implementation of specific pork production practices. Knowledge of risk factors for exposure of swine to T spiralis was used to develop an objective audit of risk that can be applied to pork production sites. In a pilot study, 461 production site audits were performed by trained veterinary practitioners. The on-farm audit included aspects of farm management, bio-security, feed and feed storage, rodent control programs and general hygiene. Of the 461 production site audits, 450 audits (97.6%) indicated compliance with the required good production practices. These sites are eligible for certification under the U.S. Trichinae Certification Program and will be audited regularly to maintain that status. The described trichinae certification mechanism will establish a process for ensuring the Trichinella safety of swine, and ultimately food products derived from swine, at the production level. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS VS, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Natl Pk Board, Clive, IA 50325 USA. RP Pyburn, DG (reprint author), USDA, APHIS VS, 210 Walnut St,Suite 891, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. EM david.g.pyburn@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 5 PY 2005 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.051 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963GI UT WOS:000231791600034 PM 15993000 ER PT J AU Sawhney, APS Sachinvala, ND Calamari, TA Dumitras, PG Bologa, MK Singh, KV AF Sawhney, APS Sachinvala, ND Calamari, TA Dumitras, PG Bologa, MK Singh, KV TI Approaches for reducing or eliminating warp sizing in weavin: An interim report SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article ID YARNS C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Moldavian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Kishinev, Moldova. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Rober E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM apsingh@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Singh, Kumar/D-5183-2015 OI Singh, Kumar/0000-0002-9868-5583 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 9 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 963GZ UT WOS:000231793400003 ER PT J AU Rodgers, JE AF Rodgers, JE TI Rapid luster analyses of textile fibers and yarns SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE filament yarn; gloss; instrumentation; luster AB Fiber luster is a key control parameter for filament yarns; e.g., tire yarn and BCF carpet yarn. Luster, or contrast gloss, is the gloss associated with contrasts of bright and less bright adjacent areas of the object surface, and is measured by the ratio of the diffuse reflectance (R-D, 0 degrees) to the specular reflectance or gloss (R-S, 45 degrees) of a flat, parallel wound fiber sample. Small changes or deviations in fiber luster can lead to dramatic differences in the apparent shade, color, or appearance of a finished product. A joint program was initiated to develop a new hand-held, portable lustermeter for the rapid and accurate measurement of filament product yarn luster with improved average inter-instrument agreement (+/- 1 luster unit). C1 Solutia Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. RP Rodgers, JE (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jrodgers@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 5 IS 9 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 963GZ UT WOS:000231793400011 ER PT J AU Bechmann, M Krogstad, T Sharpley, A AF Bechmann, M Krogstad, T Sharpley, A TI A phosphorus Index for Norway SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; diffuse pollution; phosphorus; P Index; soil management ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; FIELD-SCALE; STRATEGIES; RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; LOSSES; EUROPE; SOILS; RISK AB The phosphorus ( P) Index, a risk assessment tool, is a simple approach used to rank the potential for P loss from agricultural fields. The P Index identifies areas where sources of P coincide with high risk of P transfer. Factors included in the P Index, developed for Pennsylvania, USA were justified in relation to Norwegian conditions and relevant changes were made. Phosphorus application rate was modified by crop P removal. Additional factors for: 1) P release by freezing of plant residues, 2) flooding frequency, 3) risk of leaching, and 4) annual precipitation were included. Management practices in the Index were adjusted to reflect the effect of time and method of P application on P loss, as well as erosion control measures relevant to agricultural management in Norway rather than Pennsylvania. Testing of the suggested P Index showed that it ranks the potential for P loss from several agricultural catchments in the south-eastern part of Norway relatively well ( R-2 = 0.79). Continuous development of the Index to include new knowledge about processes for P loss as well as regional differences is of great importance for future use of the P Index. C1 Norwegian Ctr Soil & Environm Res, NO-1432 As, Norway. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bechmann, M (reprint author), Norwegian Ctr Soil & Environm Res, Frederik A Dahls Vei 20, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM marianne.bechmann@jordforsk.no NR 53 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4710 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND B-S P JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B-Soil Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1080/09064710510029088 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 945MB UT WOS:000230505500007 ER PT J AU Li, SW Martin, LT Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Li, SW Martin, LT Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD TI Responses of black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings to simulated herbivory and flooding SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black willow; flooding; growth; herbivory; photosynthesis ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PLANT-RESPONSES; GROWTH; DEFOLIATION; SURVIVAL; INTENSITY; EXCHANGE; METHANE AB Herbivory and flooding influence plant species composition and diversity in many wetland ecosystems. Black willow (Salix nigra) naturally occurs in floodplains and riparian zones of the southeastern United States. Cuttings from this species are used as a bioengineering tool for streambank stabilization and habitat rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the photosynthetic and growth responses of black willow to simulated herbivory and flooding. Potted cuttings were subjected to three levels of single-event herbivory: no herbivory (control), light herbivory, and heavy herbivory; and three levels of flooding conditions: no flooding (control), continuous flooding, and periodic flooding. Results indicated that elevated stomata] conductance partially contributed to the increased net photosynthesis noted under both levels of herbivory on day 30. However, chlorophyll content was not responsible for the observed compensatory photosynthesis. Cuttings subjected to heavy herbivory accumulated the lowest biomass even though they had the highest height growth by the conclusion of the experiment. In addition, a reduction in root/shoot ratio was noted for plants subjected to continuous flooding with no herbivory. However, continuously flooded, lightly clipped plants allocated more resources to roots than shoots. This study provides evidence that it is feasible to use black willow for habitat rehabilitation along highly eroded streambanks where both flooding and herbivory are present. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Li, SW (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM shuwenli@memphis.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2005.03.009 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978NP UT WOS:000232880600012 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Singh, BP Whitehead, WF AF Sainju, UM Singh, BP Whitehead, WF TI Tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton and sorghum root biomass, carbon, and nitrogen SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; FIELD CONDITIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; GROWTH; CORN; RESIDUE; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS AB Management practices may influence cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)] root C and N inputs for improving soil quality. We examined the influence of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), strip till (ST), and chisel till (CT)], four cover crops [legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye), and no cover crops (winter weeds)), and three N fertilization rates (0, 60-65, and 120-130 kg N ha(-1)) on cotton and sorghum root C and N from the 0- to 120-cm soil depth. A field experiment was conducted in a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults) from 2000 to 2002 in central Georgia. Root C and N at 0 to 15 cm were greater in NT than in ST and CT in 2000 cotton and 2001 sorghum, but at 30 to 60 cm they were greater in ST than in NT and CT in 2000 cotton. Root C and N at 0 to 15 cm were also greater with vetch and rye biculture than with vetch and weeds in 2001 sorghum. Total root C and N at 0 to 120 cm were greater in ST with vetch than in ST with rye or in CT with weeds in 2000 cotton. In contrast, total root N was greater in NT with rye than in ST with rye or CT with vetch in 2001 sorghum and 2002 cotton. Total root N was also greater in CT with 60 kg N ha(-1) than in NT or CT with 120 kg N ha(-1) in 2000 cotton, but was greater in ST with 60 kg N ha(-1) than in NT with 0 kg N ha(-1) or CT with 120 kg N ha(-1) in 2002 cotton. The NT or ST with vetch and rye cover crops and 60 kg N ha(-1) may increase cotton and sorghum root C and N compared with CT with no cover crops and N fertilization, thereby helping to improve soil quality and productivity. C1 USDA, ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0213 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700001 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Watson, CE AF Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Watson, CE TI Comparisons of two statistical models for evaluating boll retention in cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Boll number is one of the most important traits related to yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluation of boll retention properties at different fruiting sites would provide useful information for cotton breeding and cotton growth management. The presence or absence of a boll at each fruiting position can be considered as binomially distributed. In this study, 188 upland cotton recombinant inbred (RI) lines, two parental lines, and a control cultivar, Stoneville 474, were used. These lines were planted at Mississippi State, MS in 1999. The data set was analyzed by the mixed linear model and logistic regression model. The results showed that the boll retention for the first position was significantly different among nodes but expressed similar total numbers from the first position among RI lines. Estimates for boll retention were similar for both models; however, the logistic regression model gave smaller confidence intervals for each estimate than the mixed linear model. C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, MAFES Adm, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1294 DI 10.2134/argonj2004.0216 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700002 ER PT J AU Schwarte, AJ Gibson, LR Karlen, DL Liebman, M Jannink, JL AF Schwarte, AJ Gibson, LR Karlen, DL Liebman, M Jannink, JL TI Planting date effects on winter triticale dry matter and nitrogen accumulation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT; SEEDING DATE; GRAIN-YIELD; GROWTH; CEREALS AB Addition of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) into more diversified cropping systems could provide valuable economic and environmental benefits to producers in the U.S. Corn and Soybean Belt. To maximize triticale value, research was conducted to identify planting dates that allowed maximum dry matter production and N capture. Winter triticale was planted at 10-d intervals from 15 September to 15 October at three Iowa locations: central, northeast, and southwest for two growing seasons: 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Aboveground dry matter production, N concentration, and N removal were greater at southwest Iowa than central and northeast Iowa. Dry matter production decreased as planting was delayed from late September to late October. Nitrogen accumulation at any time during the spring and summer was greater for September- than October-planted triticale in 2002-2003. At the end of the 2002-2003 season, mid-September-planted triticale had accumulated 37% more N than mid-October-planted triticale. In 2003-2004, total N capture occurring by early May was less for late-October-planted triticale than the other three planting dates, but there were no differences in N capture among the four planting dates from late May until maturity. Dry matter production was greatest when at least 300 growing degree days (GDDs) (base 4 C) accumulated between planting and 31 December. These results suggest that triticale should be planted in September to maximize spring forage yield and N accumulation although later planting dates would provide a higher quality forage if harvest was not delayed into late spring and summer. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gibson, LR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lgibson@iastate.edu NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1341 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0010 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700007 ER PT J AU Derby, NE Steele, DD Terpstra, J Knighton, RE Casey, FXM AF Derby, NE Steele, DD Terpstra, J Knighton, RE Casey, FXM TI Interactions of nitrogen, weather, soil, and irrigation on corn yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; FERTILIZER; MANAGEMENT AB Numerous factors that affect corn yield in the Northern Great Plains are not considered in current N fertilizer recommendations. A linear model to describe the interactions of N fertility, weather, soil, and irrigation on corn (Zea mays L.) yield was developed for a 6-yr field study in southeastern North Dakota. Varying rates of postemergence fertilizer N were applied to plots in four quadrants of a sprinkler-irrigated field. Four irrigation-scheduling methods varied by year (Y) and quadrant (Q). Grain yield, stover yield, and N uptake response to a covariate (soil N plus starter fertilizer N), N treatment (Nt), Q, Y, irrigation treatment (I), previous irrigation treatment (P), and the two-way interactions that included Nt, were investigated using standard regression techniques. Yield increased significantly with Nt up to a rate of 135 kg N ha(-1) for most Y, Q, and I. Average yearly yield was adversely affected by cool climatic conditions in 2 yr. Soil conditions in two quadrants resulted in a 1.25 Mg ha(-1) average annual yield reduction compared with the other quadrants. An irrigation scheduling method utilizing a water balance algorithm resulted in higher yields compared with the other scheduling methods. The interactions of Nt with Q, Y, and I were significant. Optimized total N rates (the sum of soil nitrate N, starter N, and postemergence Nt) derived from quadratic-linear plateau analysis varied (232-374 kg N ha(-1)) with Y, Q, and I and averaged 295 kg N ha(-1). Soil properties, soil moisture availability, and yearly climatic factors should be considered when making fertilizer recommendations. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Stat, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Derby, NE (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Nathan.Derby@ndsu.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1342 EP 1351 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0051 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700008 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Hanson, JD AF Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Hanson, JD TI Comparison of fixed-wall and pressurized-wall minirhizotrons for fine root growth measurements in eight crop species SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINI-RHIZOTRONS; SOIL CARBON; SYSTEM; LENGTH; TILLAGE; DROUGHT; WHEAT AB Study of root growth is important for understanding C flow through plants to the soil and for modeling plant-soil interactions. Fine root growth can be observed through minirhizotrons (MRs), tubes installed in the field. We compared the use of fixed-wall (F-wall) MRs, 5.6 cm in diam., and pressurized-wall (P-wall) MRs, 9.6 cm in diam., with an inner cylinder and an outer wall of plastic sheeting kept under constant air pressure. Root growth was measured with a micro-video camera for 3 yr in eight crop species growing on Pachic Haplustoll soil: canola, Brassica rapa L.; crambe, Crambe abysinnica Hochst. ex R.E. Fries; dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; dry pea, Pisum sativum L.; safflower, Carthamus tinctoris L.; spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; and sunflower, Helianthus anaas L. Midpoint depths of root length density profiles measured with P-wall MRs were on average 20% greater than those from F-wall MRs, and maximum rooting depths observed were 15% greater with P-wall than with F-wall MRs. Fixed-wall MRs were forced into tight access holes to establish soil contact while the expectedly more uniform interfaces of P-wall MRs apparently allowed more root penetration. Averages of total root lengths (TRL) over rootzones and of root length per MR area (for upper halves of rootzones) measured by F-wall MRs were 47 and 32% greater, respectively, than those measured by P-wall MRs. This is attributed to greater clarity and visibility in F-wall MRs compared with P-wall MRs. Significantly more effort is required to build and maintain P-wall MRs compared with F-wall MRs, but P-wall MRs could be considered for use in problem soils with swelling clay content, stoniness, or gravel. In soils with fine-textured, difficult subsoils, use of P-wall MRs to supplement F-wall MRs could increase the accuracy of root growth depth measures. C1 USDA, ARS, Mandan, ND 58854 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58854 USA. EM merrills@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.2134/argonj2004.0209 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700011 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Maas, SJ Lascano, RJ Wanjura, D AF Ko, JH Maas, SJ Lascano, RJ Wanjura, D TI Modification of the GRAMI model for cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZED MODEL; CROP GROWTH; LEAF-AREA; SIMULATION; REFLECTANCE; CALIBRATION; CANOPY AB A new version of the GRAMI crop model capable of being calibrated within season was developed and tested for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in semiarid regions. The model was first verified using field data obtained at Halfway, TX, USA in 2002. The model was then validated using data sets obtained at Lamesa, TX in 1999 and 2001 and at Lubbock, TX in 2002 and 2004. Simulated values of cotton growth and lint yield showed reasonable agreement with corresponding measurements under irrigated conditions. The new model not only has simple input requirements but is also easy to use. Thus, it promises to have applicability to be expanded to other semiarid regions for irrigated cotton production and to have applicability to regional cotton growth monitoring and lint yield mapping projects. C1 Texas Tech Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Ko, JH (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jko@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1379 DI 10.2134/argonj2004.0267 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700012 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Berdahl, JD Liebig, MA Karn, JF AF Hendrickson, JR Berdahl, JD Liebig, MA Karn, JF TI Tiller persistence of eight intermediate wheatgrass entries grazed at three morphological stages SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRASSES; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPONSES; DENSITY; PLAINS; YIELD AB Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] provides high quality forage for hay and pasture in the Great Plains of North America but lacks persistence under grazing. We investigated the effect of grazing at early vegetative, mid-culm elongation, and boot stages on tiller persistence of three cultivars and five experimental lines of intermediate and pubescent wheatgrass [T. intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey]. The study, located near Mandan, ND was seeded in 1997, hayed in 1998 and 1999, and grazed from 2000 to 2002. Four tillers were marked on one plant per plot in May 2000. Number of newly emerged tillers (tiller recruitment) and tiller mortality were recorded on the four original tillers and subsequently recruited tillers in mid-May, July, and September. Tiller replacement ratios, which incorporated cumulative recruitment and mortality, were greatest on plots grazed during early vegetative and mid-culm elongation. Tiller recruitment, tiller mortality, and tiller replacement ratio had a year x treatment interaction. In 2000, grazing during the early vegetative stage resulted in significantly higher tiller replacement ratios than grazing during late boot or no grazing, and grazing during mid-culm elongation and late boot had greater tiller recruitment but also greater tiller mortality than the other two treatments. Tiller replacement ratio had a grazing treatment x entry interaction in 2001. 'Mandan 1871' had the greatest tiller replacement ratio and tiller recruitment among entries. The results indicate time of grazing and cultivar selection influence the persistence of tillers of intermediate wheatgrass primarily through their effect on tiller recruitment. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM hendricj@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1390 EP 1395 DI 10.2134/argonj2004.0179 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700014 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Whitehead, WF Singh, BP AF Sainju, UM Whitehead, WF Singh, BP TI Biculture legume-cereal cover crops for enhanced biomass yield and carbon and nitrogen SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; TOMATO YIELD; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; CROPPING INFLUENCE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CORN PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; NO-TILLAGE; FERTILIZATION; MINERALIZATION AB Biculture legume-cereal cover cropping may enhance above- and belowground biomass yields and C and N contents. The increase in C and N supply to the soil has the potential to improve soil quality and crop productivity compared with monoculture cover crop species. We examined above- and belowground (0- to 120-cm soil depth) biomass yields and C and N contents of a legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], and biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye) cover crops planted without tillage in the fall of 1999 to 2001 in central Georgia. After cover crop kill in the spring, cotton (Gossypium hitsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)] were planted using three tillage practices (no-till, strip till, and chisel till) with three N fertilization rates (0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg N ha(-1)). The field experiment was arranged in a split-split plot treatment with three replications on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Plinthic Kandiudults). Aboveground biomass yield of rye decreased from 6.1 to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) from 2000 to 2002, but yield of hairy vetch varied (2.4 to 5.2 Mg ha(-1)). In contrast, biomass yield of vetch and rye biculture (5.6 to 8.2 Mg ha(-1)) was greater than that of rye and vetch planted alone in all years. Compared with winter weeds in no cover crop treatment, C content in rye (1729 to 2670 kg ha(-1)) was greater due to higher biomass yield, but N content in vetch (76 to 165 kg ha(-1)) was greater due to higher N concentration, except in 2002. As a result, C (2260 to 3512 kg ha(-1)) and N (84 to 310 kg ha(-1)) contents in biculture were greater than those from monocultures in all years. Similarly, belowground biomass yield and C and N contents were greater in biculture than in monocultures. In 2001, aboveground biomass yield and C and N contents in cover crops were also greater in strip till with biculture than in other treatments, except in chisel till with vetch and biculture, but belowground biomass yield and N content were greater in chisel till with biculture than in no-till, strip till, and chisel till with weeds. Cotton lint yield was lower with biculture than with rye, but sorghum grain yield and cotton and sorghum biomass (stems + leaves) yields and N uptake were greater with biculture than with rye. Because of higher biomass yield and C and N contents, biculture of hairy vetch and rye cover crops may increase N supply, summer crop yields, and N uptake compared with rye and may increase potentials to improve soil organic matter and reduce N leaching compared with vetch. C1 USDA ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1403 EP 1412 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0274 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700016 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Soder, KJ Muller, LD Klement, KD Skinner, RH Goslee, SC AF Sanderson, MA Soder, KJ Muller, LD Klement, KD Skinner, RH Goslee, SC TI Forage mixture productivity and botanical composition in pastures grazed by dairy cattle SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COUNTRY PASTURES; PLANT DIVERSITY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; BIODIVERSITY; STABILITY; CHICORY; COMMUNITIES; INVASION; CONFINEMENT; POPULATION AB Some producers believe that planting pastures to several forage species benefits sustainability of grazing systems. We conducted a grazing study to determine if forage species diversity in pastures affects herbage productivity and weed invasion. One-hectare pastures were planted to four mixtures in August 2001 and then grazed with lactating dairy cattle during 2002 and 2003. The mixtures were two species [orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)], three species [orchardgrass, white clover, and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)], six species [orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and chicory], and nine species [the six-species mixture plus white clover, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)]. When rainfall was plentiful (2003), there were no differences in herbage yield among the mixtures; all averaged 9800 kg ha(-1) dry matter. During 2002, which was dry, the two-species mixture produced less herbage than the other mixtures (4800 vs. 7600 kg ha(-1) dry matter). The proportion of nonsown species in the sward was lower for the six- and nine-species mixtures than the two-and three-species mixtures, indicating less weed invasion for these complex mixtures. Red clover and chicory proportions decreased by 80% after 2 yr, and orchardgrass dominated in all pastures by May 2004. We conclude that planting a mixture of grasses, legumes, and chicory will benefit herbage production during dry years and will reduce weed invasion for a few years after planting under management similar to ours. Producers would have to reestablish the chicory and legume components relatively frequently to maintain these benefits. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 38 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1471 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0032 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700024 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Echarte, L AF Kiniry, JR Echarte, L TI Comments on "Yield response of corn to crowding stress" by Hashemi et al. (Agron. J. 97 : 839-846) SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID MAIZE C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76513 USA. Univ Nacl Mar Plata, INTA Balcarce, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76513 USA. EM JKiniry@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1472 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0176le PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 972BB UT WOS:000232427700025 ER PT J AU Degrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R AF Degrandi-Hoffman, G Curry, R TI The population dynamics of Varroa mites in honey bee colonies : Part III - How beekeeping practices could affect Varroa populations SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Degrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM gd-hoffman@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 145 IS 9 BP 709 EP 710 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 958II UT WOS:000231437500017 ER PT J AU Papathakis, PC Rollins, NC Brown, KH Bennish, ML Van Loan, MD AF Papathakis, PC Rollins, NC Brown, KH Bennish, ML Van Loan, MD TI Comparison of isotope dilution with bioimpedance spectroscopy and anthropometry for assessment of body composition in asymptornatic HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected breastfeeding mothers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HIV; breastfeeding; body composition; South Africa; fat mass; fat-free mass; anthropometry; isotope dilution; women; AIDS; lactation; bioimpedance spectroscopy ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DEUTERIUM-DILUTION; LACTATING WOMEN; LATE PREGNANCY; MASS; INFANTS; FAT; MULTIFREQUENCY AB Background: The effect of breastfeeding on the nutrition of HIV-infected (HIV+) mothers is unknown. Simple, valid methods are needed for body-composition assessment of HIV+ women. Objective: We compared the ability of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and anthropornetry with that of isotope dilution ((2)H(2)O) to measure fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) breastfeeding South African mothers. Design: Total body water (TBW) content of 68 lactating mothers (20 HIV+, 48 HIV-) was measured 10 wk after delivery by using BIS and (2)H(2)O to measure FFM and FNI. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), midupper arm circumference (MUAC), and 4 skinfold thicknesses. Results: TBW, FFM, and FM measurements determined by BIS were correlated with (2)H(2)O measurements in HIV+ (r = 0.664, 0.621, and 0.872, respectively; P < 0.01) and HIV- (r = 0.876, 0.868, and 0.932, respectively; P < 0.001) mothers. TBW measured by BIS was greater than that measured by the (2)H(2)O method in both HIV+ (1.8 L) and HIV - (1.5 L) women; FM or FFM did not differ significantly by method. BMI, MUAC, and all skinfold-thickness measurements correlated strongly (r > 0.62, P < 0.001) with FM measured by (2)H(2)O in both groups. BMI and MUAC correlated (r > 0.64, P < 0.001) with FFM in HIV- mothers but not in HIV+ mothers. Conclusions: In HIV+ and HIV- breastfeeding mothers, BIS provides an estimate of body composition comparable to that obtained with the (2)H(2)O method. BMI and MUAC are useful in predicting FM in both groups but are not valid measures of FFM in HIV+ mothers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Program Int Nutr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. African Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Somekele, South Africa. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson R Mandela Sch Med, Dept Paediat, Durban, South Africa. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Papathakis, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Program Int Nutr, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM pcpapathakis@ucdavis.edu FU Wellcome Trust NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 538 EP 546 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963NB UT WOS:000231809900009 PM 16155265 ER PT J AU Dietrich, T Nunn, M Dawson-Hughes, B Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Dietrich, T Nunn, M Dawson-Hughes, B Bischoff-Ferrari, HA TI Association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and gingival inflammation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; inflammatory disease; gingivitis; periodontal disease ID VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY; DENDRITIC CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISM; PLAQUE-INDUCED GINGIVITIS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; CLINICAL EXPRESSION; NHANES-III AB Background: Vitamin D has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in in vitro and in animal studies. However, data from clinical studies of inflammatory diseases are scarce. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and gingival inflammation. Design: We analyzed data from 77 503 gingival units (teeth) in 6700 never smokers aged 13 to > 90 y from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for subject- and site-specific covariates included age, sex, race-ethnicity, income, body mass index, diabetes, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy among women, intake of vitamin C. missing teeth, full crown coverage, presence of calculus, frequency of dental visits, and dental examiner and survey phase. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for correlated observations within subjects. Results: Compared with sites in subjects in the lowest 25(OH)D quintile. sites in Subjects in the highest 25(OH)D quintile were 20% (95% CI: 8%. 31%) less likely to bleed on gingival probing (P for trend < 0.001). The association appeared to be linear over the entire 25(OH)D range. was consistent across racial or ethnic groups, and was similar among men and women as well as among users and nonusers of vitamin and mineral supplements. Conclusions: Vitamin D may reduce susceptibility to gingival inflamination through its anti inflammatory effects. Gingivitis may be a useful clinical model to evaluate the antinflammatory effects, of vitamin D. C1 Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Periodontol & Oral Biol, Dept Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Aging & Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Allergy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dietrich, T (reprint author), Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Periodontol & Oral Biol, Dept Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, 715 Albany St 560, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM tdietric@bu.edu OI Dietrich, Thomas/0000-0002-2557-7645 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [K24DE00419, U54DE14264] NR 47 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963NB UT WOS:000231809900014 PM 16155270 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR TI Inhibitory effects of dietary calcium on the initial uptake and subsequent retention of heme and nonheme iron in humans: comparisons using an intestinal lavage method SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE heme iron; nonheme iron; whole-body counting; whole-gut lavage; mucosal uptake; absorption; retention; serosal transfer; humans; calcium; bioavailability ID HEMOGLOBIN-IRON; WHOLE DIET; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM FERRITIN; MUCOSAL UPTAKE; BLOOD VOLUME; RED CELL; ABSORPTION; SUPPLEMENTATION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Background: Calcium is the only reported dietary inhibitor of both heme- and nonheme-iron absorption. It has been proposed that the 2 forms of iron enter a common pool in the enterocyte and that calcium inhibits the serosal transfer of iron into blood. Objectives: We aimed to ascertain whether the inhibitory effect of calcium occurs during initial mucosal uptake or during serosal transfer and to compare the serosal transfer of heme and nonheme iron, which should not differ if the 2 forms have entered a common mucosal iron pool. Design: Whole-gut lavage and whole-body counting were used to measure the initial uptake (8 h) and retention (2 wk) of heme and nonheme iron with and without a calcium supplement (450 mg). Two experiments tested basal meals with low iron bioavailability and 360 mg Ca (n = 15) or with high iron bioavailability and 60 mg Ca (n = 12). Results: Added calcium reduced the initial uptake of heme iron by 20%. from 49% to approximate to 40% from both meals (P = 0.02), and reduced the total iron absorbed from the low- and high-bioavailability meals by approximate to 25% [from 0.033 to 0.025 mg (P = 0.06) and from 0.55 to 0.40 mg (P < 0.01), respectively]. Calcium did not affect the serosal transfer of either form of iron. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation reduced heme and total iron without significantly affecting nonheme-iron absorption, regardless of meal bioavailability. Calcium inhibited the initial mucosal uptake rather than the serosal transfer of heme iron. Differences in serosal transfer indicate that heme and nonheme iron did not enter a common absorptive pool within 8 h after a meal. C1 USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, GFHNRC, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 589 EP 597 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963NB UT WOS:000231809900016 PM 16155272 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Qiao, N Scott, T Rosenberg, I Spiro, A AF Tucker, KL Qiao, N Scott, T Rosenberg, I Spiro, A TI High homocysteine and low B vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; vitamin B-6; vitamin B-12; homocysteine; cognitive function ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE CERAD; WHITE-MATTER CHANGES; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ELDERLY PERSONS; RISK-FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM FOLATE; STROKE; HOMOCYST(E)INE AB Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contribute to cognitive impairment. Most elevations in homocysteine result from inadequate folate, vitamin B-12, or vitamin B-6 intake. It is not clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual and independent effects of baseline plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 and of dietary B vitamin intakes on 3-y changes in cognitive measures in 321 aging men. Design: Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and on the basis of measures of memory, verbal fluency, and constructional praxis, which were adapted from the revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease batteries at 2 time points. At baseline, dietary intakes were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, and blood was drawn for the measurement of B vitamins and homocysteine. Results: Over a mean 3-y follow-up, declines in constructional praxis. measured by spatial copying, were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 and with the dietary intake of each vitamin. Folate (plasma and dietary) remained independently protective against a decline in spatial copying score after adjustment for other vitamins and for plasma homocysteine. Dietary folate was also protective against a decline in verbal fluency. A high homocysteine concentration was associated with a decline in recall memory. Conclusions: Low B vitamin and high homocysteine concentrations predict cognitive decline. Spatial copying measures appear to be most sensitive to these effects in a general population of aging men. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG13006, AG21790-01, R01-AG14345, R01-AG18436]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA08941]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5-P42-ES05947, R01-ES05257] NR 64 TC 177 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 627 EP 635 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 963NB UT WOS:000231809900021 PM 16155277 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Freeman, LM Meydani, M Rush, JE AF Smith, CE Freeman, LM Meydani, M Rush, JE TI Myocardial concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEART-FAILURE; LIPID-METABOLISM; FAILING HEART; GLUCOSE; LIVER; RAT; OXIDATION; MODEL AB Objective-To compare myocardial concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with concentrations in control dogs. Sample Population-Myocardial tissues from 7 dogs with DCM and 16 control dogs. Procedure-Myocardial tissues were homogenized, and total fatty acids were extracted and converted to methyl esters. Myocardial concentrations of fatty acids were analyzed by use of gas chromatography and reported as corrected percentages. Results-The amount of docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4 n-6) was significantly higher in myocardial samples from dogs with DCM (range, 0.223% to 0.774%,median, 0.451 %), compared with the amount in samples obtained from control dogs (range, 0.166% to 0.621 %; median, 0.280%). There were no significant differences between DCM and control dogs for concentrations of any other myocardial fatty acids. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Although concentrations of most myocardial fatty acids did not differ significantly between dogs with DCM and control dogs, the concentration of docosatetraenoic acid was significantly higher in dogs with DCM. Additional investigation in a larger population is warranted to determine whether this is a primary or secondary effect of the underlying disease and whether alterations in fatty acids may be a target for intervention in dogs with DCM. C1 Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Freeman, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T35 DK07635]; NIH HHS [T32 OD011165] NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1483 EP 1486 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1483 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 958VL UT WOS:000231476200002 PM 16261819 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD AF Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Norman, HD TI Minimum days dry to maximize milk yield in subsequent lactation SO ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE days dry; lactational milk yield ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; PERIOD LENGTH; HOLSTEIN COWS; DAIRY-COWS; BOVINE AB The objective of this research was to determine the effect of days dry (DD) on actual milk yield and to identify the minimum dry period length needed to maximize milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Field data collected through the U. S. dairy herd improvement association from January, 1997 to December, 2003 and extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory national database were used for analysis. Actual lactation records calculated from test-day yields using the test-interval method were used in this study. The model for analysis included herd-year of calving, year-state-month of calving, previous lactation milk yield, age at calving, and DD as a categorical variable. Interactions were added to this model to determine if the effects of DD on subsequent lactation milk yield depended on previous lactation milk yield, age at calving, somatic cell score, or days open. Milk yield in the subsequent lactations was generally maximized with a 60 to 65 d dry period, regardless of parity. Days dry effects on milk yield were, for the most part, consistent across lactations, although dry periods < 35 d are somewhat more detrimental to milk yield after first lactation than after second and later lactations. Dry periods less than 20 d result in very pronounced losses in subsequent lactation yield. A short dry period (< 40 d) for high producing cows that bred back early in lactation proved to be the worst combination in terms of maximizing subsequent lactation milk yield. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhn, MT (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mkuhn@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1627-3583 J9 ANIM RES JI Anim. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1051/animres:2005031 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 983UW UT WOS:000233258600003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG Elsasser, TH McMurtry, JP Bee, G AF Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG Elsasser, TH McMurtry, JP Bee, G TI Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth and body composition of control and IGF-I transgenic pigs SO ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pig; CLA; IGF-I transgene; body composition ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; P2 BACK FAT; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT QUALITY; LEAN TISSUE; PERFORMANCE; WEIGHT; SWINE; DEPOSITION AB Both dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and presence of the IGF-I transgene are reported to alter the fat: lean content of pigs. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth and body composition of control and IGF-I transgenic pigs in response to dietary CLA. Transgenic (TG) pigs expressing the IGF-I gene and sibling control (C) progeny were produced by mating two half-sib G-1 transgenic boars to non-transgenic gilts. At 60 kg each pig was scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition analysis, then placed on an 18% crude protein diet containing either 2% corn oil (CO diet) or 1.2% CO plus 0.8% CLA. Thus, the four genotype-diet combinations were: C-CO (n=25), C-CLA (n=25), TG-CO (n=24), and TG-CLA (n=23). Each pig was scanned again at 110 kg. All pigs were slaughtered at 120 kg and the right half-carcass was scanned by DXA. Results of the DXA scan at 60 kg revealed that the TG pigs were less fat (15.0%) than the C pigs (18.8%, P < 0.05). During growth from 60 to 110 kg, the tissue gain for the C-CO, C-CLA, TG-CO, and TG-CLA groups consisted of 16.6, 14.5, 13.2, and 13.0 kg of fat (P < 0.05, C-CO vs. C-CLA and C vs. TG); and 30.6, 32.6, 33.7, and 33.8 kg of lean (P < 0.05, C-CO vs. C-CLA and C vs. TG), respectively. There were only minor differences in bone growth. For the same groups, chemical analysis of the half-carcass revealed 29.2, 27.1, 23.8, and 22.8% fat (P < 0.05 for C-CO vs. C-CLA and C vs. TG), respectively. Overall, the effects of CLA were less than those of TG on body or carcass composition; however, during the treatment period from 60 to 110 kg, the effects were similar. TG pigs did not respond to CLA as much as did control pigs. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Swiss Fed Res Stn Anim Prod & Dairy Prod ALP, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux, CH-1725 Posieux, Switzerland. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mitchell@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Bee, Giuseppe/F-4955-2010; Bee, Giuseppe/N-6348-2013 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1627-3583 J9 ANIM RES JI Anim. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1051/animres:2005028 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 983UW UT WOS:000233258600006 ER PT J AU Logarzo, GA Williams, L Carpintero, DL AF Logarzo, GA Williams, L Carpintero, DL TI Plant bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae) associated with roadside habitats in Argentina and Paraguay: Host plant, temporal, and geographic range effects SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Miridae; plant bugs host plants; geographic distribution; species richness ID HEMIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; LOUISIANA; MISSISSIPPI; ARKANSAS; BIOLOGY; MEXICO; DELTA AB Between November 1999 and September 2001, mirid nymphs (Hemiptera: Miridae) were collected on wild and cultivated plants in central and northern Argentina and southeastern Paraguay. In the laboratory, nymphs were reared until adult emergence. Four (Bryocorinae, Deraeocorinae, Mirinae, and Orthotylinae) of the eight mirid subfamilies were collected during the study. Twenty-two mirid species on 43 putative host plant species were collected in Argentina, and five species of mirids on eight plant species were collected in Paraguay. Eighty-five new mirid-plant associations were recorded (only 112 mirid-plant associations bad been reported previously for Argentina). Most of the mirids were in the subfamily Mirinae, tribe Mirini, and most of the host plants belonged to Asteraceae. Almost all mirids were collected on plants with flower buds present. In addition to host plant records, the phenology and pattern of plant use for the most abundant mirids are reported. Mirid richness and abundance varied according to the host plant species; the highest diversity and richness of mirids occurred in the western region of Argentina (Salta, Jujuy, and Tucuman provinces). The most frequently collected mirid, Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber) (approximate to 87% of the 35,970 collected mirids), was usually collected on Asteraceae. This exotic species could have affected the native mirid fauna in the study area. More research on the possible interactions between T apicalis and the native mirids of Argentina and Paraguay is needed. Our results suggest that T apicalis exhibits regional polyphagy, i.e., uses numerous hosts throughout its geographic range. C1 USDA, ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Museo La Plata, Div Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Logarzo, GA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 694 EP 702 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0694:PBHMAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 964GN UT WOS:000231867300009 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Goughnour, RB AF Yee, WL Goughnour, RB TI New hosts of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae), and their relationship to life history characteristics of this fly SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; cascara; black hawthorn; cherry laurel; bitter cherry ID APPLE MAGGOT FLY; POMONELLA DIPTERA; FRUGIVOROUS FLIES; MATING BEHAVIOR; RACE FORMATION AB Two native trees and one introduced tree in the coast forest ecosystem in southwestern Washington state were identified as new host records for the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in 2002 and 2003. Key life history characteristics of flies on or from the new hosts also were examined. Rearing of larvae to adults confirmed native cascara, Rhamnus purshiana DC.; black hawthorn, Crataegus douglasii Lindl.; and introduced cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasu. L., are suitable developmental hosts. In addition, two flies reared from cascara bad wing patterns apparently not reported previously, with one keying out to R. indifferens. The numbers of larvae that emerged from fruit of the new hosts and a known host, bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex. Hook) D. Dietr., were lower than from fruit of sweet and sour cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L. and Prunus cerasus L. Seasonal patterns of adult abundance in cascara, black hawthorn, and cherry laurel as determined by catches on unbaited sticky yellow panel traps were similar to those in bitter cherry, with most flies caught beginning in mid-July after fruit were no longer green. Fruit of all hosts ripened at similar times. On cascara and black hawthorn, R. indifferens was observed feeding on damaged fruit, and on black hawthorn, flies mated with the non-native apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). The longevity of flies reared from cascara, bitter cherry, and sweet and sour cherry was similar, averaging 55.5-83.4 d, and was higher than that of flies reared from cherry laurel, which averaged <= 46.2 d. Body mass of flies from cascara, cherry laurel, and bitter cherry was lower than that of flies from sweet cherry. In contrast to the coast forest ecosystem, neither cascara nor cherry laurel was found at sites studied in ponderosa pine and sagebrush-bunchgrass ecosystems in central Washington in 2003 and 2004. Adults were not caught on unbaited traps in black hawthorns in these two ecosystems, and no larvae were reared from hawthorn fruit from either ecosystem. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 98 IS 5 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0703:NHOWCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 964GN UT WOS:000231867300010 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD Kaneko, A Nguyen, KD Gorski, L AF Palumbo, JD Kaneko, A Nguyen, KD Gorski, L TI Identification of genes induced in Listeria monocytogenes during growth and attachment to cut cabbage, using differential display SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLES; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; RHIZOSPHERE; MUTAGENESIS; ATMOSPHERE; PROTEINS; DATABASE; PLASMID AB The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous soil bacterium with the potential to contaminate fresh produce during cultivation and postharvest processing. In order to identify potential mechanisms by which L. monocytogenes may successfully attach to and colonize fresh produce, gene expression in L. monocytogenes cells inoculated onto fresh-cut cabbage was compared to gene expression in cells grown under control conditions. Differential display of reverse transcriptase PCR fragments amplified with a set of 81 arbitrary primers allowed the isolation and identification of 32 L. monocytogenes gene fragments that were observed to be more highly expressed under cabbage-associated conditions. Genes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism, motility and cell division, and transport were identified, as were a number of open reading frames (ORFs) encoding putative proteins with no known functions. Site-directed mutations in two ORFs encoding potential cell surface-associated proteins and a third ORF encoding a putative regulatory protein had no effect on the mutants' capacity to attach to fresh-cut cabbage. Although this study did not show clearly the impact of the differentially expressed genes on growth on cabbage, it is a first step in identifying some of the genetic factors that are potentially involved. C1 ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Int Internship Programs, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lgorski@pw.usda.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5236 EP 5243 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5236-5243.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400038 PM 16151109 ER PT J AU Wagschal, K Franqui-Espiet, D Lee, CC Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Wagschal, K Franqui-Espiet, D Lee, CC Robertson, GH Wong, DWS TI Enzyme-coupled assay for beta-xylosidase hydrolysis of natural substrates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY ALPHA-AMYLASE; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; MECHANISM; GENES AB We describe here a new enzyme-coupled assay for the quantitation Of D-xylose using readily available enzymes that allows kinetic evaluation of hemicellulolytic enzymes using natural xylooligosaccharide substrates. Hydrogen peroxide is generated as an intermediary analyte, which allows flexibility in the choice of the chromophore or fluorophore used as the final reporter. Thus, we present D-xylose quantitation results for solution-phase assays performed with both the fluorescent reporter resorufin, generated from N-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (Amplex Red), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), whose corresponding radical cation has an absorbance maximum at similar to 400 nm. We also describe a useful solid-phase variation of the assay performed with the peroxidase substrate 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, which produces an insoluble brown precipitate. In addition, kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of the natural substrates xylobiose and xylotriose were obtained using this assay for a glycosyl hydrolase family 39 beta-xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium sp. strain JW/SL YS485 (Swiss-Prot accession no. O30360). At higher xylobiose substrate concentrations the enzyme showed an increase in the rate indicative of transglycosylation, while for xylotriose marked substrate inhibition was observed. At lower xylobiose concentrations k(cat) was 2.7 +/- 0.4 s(-1), K-m was 3.3 +/- 0.7 mM, and k(cat)/K-m was 0.82 +/- 0.21 mM(-1).s(-1). Nonlinear curve fitting to a substrate inhibition model showed that for xylotriose K-i was 1.7 +/- 0.1 mM, k(cat) was 2.0 +/- 0.1 s(-1), K-m was 0.144 +/- 0.011 mM, and k(cat)/K-m was 14 +/- 1.3 mM(-1).s-(1). C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wagschal, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kwagschal@pw.usda.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5318 EP 5323 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5318-5323.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 964RE UT WOS:000231897400049 PM 16151120 ER PT J AU Smith, LA Thomson, SJ AF Smith, LA Thomson, SJ TI Gps position latency determination and ground speed calibration for the SATLOC Airstar M3 SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aerial application; position latency; GPS; ground speed; variable rate technology ID RECEIVERS AB A SATLOC AirStar M3 swathing system installed on an Air Tractor 402B aircraft was evaluated to determine the GPS (Global Positioning System) position latency associated with known ground coordinates and to determine the accuracy of GPS ground speed. A photo-detector circuit was used to synchronize aircraft position with reference points on the ground from which vertical beams of sunlight were reflected upward. When the aircraft flew through the light beam, the circuit responded by closing a solid-state relay to which the pressure switch cable from the SATLOC system was attached. This action caused an extra record to be inserted into the SATLOC log file with precise time and position information associated with the event. Latency was determined by comparing the indicated aircraft GPS position with the reference point GPS position. GPS ground speed was calibrated by using two reference points to close and open the relay, respectively. The difference between the time associated with the relay opening and closing was used with the measured distance between the points to compute average ground speed. Results indicated that position latency was positive for N-S flight directions and negative for E-W flight directions. The magnitude of these latencies was relatively small (less than 9 m) considering that the aircraft was traveling at a nominal speed of 60 m/s. GPS ground speed calibration results revealed errors ranging from 0.01% to 0.11% for a series of eight runs with speeds varying from 176 to 238 km/h. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lasmith@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 769 EP 776 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600005 ER PT J AU Armijo, CB Gillum, MN AF Armijo, CB Gillum, MN TI Modifying the stationary knife on a roller gin stand to gin upland cotton SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE roller ginning; upland cotton; pima cotton; fiber quality; cottonseed quality; stationary knife AB An experiment was conducted to determine the performance of experimental stationary knives when ginning upland cotton. Pima cotton was also used for comparison. Three knives were modified to allow an opening between the knife and the ginning roller of 2.4-, 4.0-, and 5.6-mm (0.095-, 0.158-, and 0.221-in.) depth, respectively. (A standard stationary knife has practically no opening.) The hypothesis is that linters (short fibers) cannot be pulled from the seed if the distance between the seed and the gripping point is increased beyond their length. As it is now, linters have a tendency to be scalped from the seed at the ginning point and allow shorter fibers (linters) to be included with the lint. If there is less scalping, there should be fewer short fibers. As expected, most of the fiber and cottonseed properties were affected by variety and were at acceptable levels. The only fiber and cottonseed properties that were affected by stationary-knife design included color reflectance, color yellowness, foreign matter content in the lint, and cottonseed linters content. Foreign matter content in the lint, measured by the Shirley Analyzer, increased as the opening between the stationary knives and ginning roller increased. The foreign matter content may have contributed to the fiber appearing different, and hence the differences in color reflectance and color yellowness. There were obvious differences, both visually and statistically, in cottonseed linters; the lowest linters content occurred when using the stationary knife with the 2.4-mm (0.095-in.) deep opening between the knife and ginning roller. Short fiber content was not affected by stationary-knife design as hypothesized. Ginning rate was affected by knife design; the highest rate was obtained with a 2.4-mm (0.095-in.) deep opening between the stationary knife and ginning roller. C1 USDA, ARS, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Armijo, CB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Plains Area, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM cararmij@nmsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 777 EP 785 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600006 ER PT J AU Raper, RL AF Raper, RL TI Force requirements and soil disruption of straight and bent leg subsoilers for conservation tillage systems SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineers CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE subsoiling; tillage; soil compaction; draft force; vertical force; bentleg; shanks ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; COTTON; ENERGY; YIELD AB In conservation tillage systems, belowground soil disruption should be maximized while aboveground disruption should be minimized. To assist in choosing the best shank for strip-tillage systems, comparisons among several shanks commonly used to provide in-row subsoiling prior to planting in conservation systems were made. A three-dimensional dynamometer measured draft, vertical, and side forces for the experiments, which were conducted in the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory soil bins in Auburn, Alabama. A portable tillage profiler measured both above- and belowground soil disruption. Two parameters, spoil resistance index and trench specific resistance, were developed from the data to assess draft force, aboveground soil disruption and belowground soil disruption. Based on these selection criteria, the two best shanks for conservation tillage systems were the Bigham Brothers Paratill shank and the Worksaver Terramax shank, both of which were bentleg shanks. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM rlraper@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 787 EP 794 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600007 ER PT J AU Peters, RT Evett, SR AF Peters, RT Evett, SR TI Using low-cost GPS receivers for determining field position of mechanized irrigation systems SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE global positioning system (GPS); precision irrigation; site-specific irrigation; center pivot; lateral move; linear move; resolver AB As the accuracy of GPS receivers improves and the costs decrease, more applications for GPS become feasible. One such application is reporting center-pivot and lateral-move field position. Accurate knowledge of center-pivot or lateral-move position in real time is critical for site-specific irrigation. On center pivots, a traditional resolver can only report the location of the first interior tower while a GPS receiver can more precisely show the location of the end of the pivot. This advantage over traditional resolvers becomes more pronounced with longer center pivots. Lateral-move systems do not have a readily available mechanism for reporting their position as they travel over the field. GPS is potentially an ideal method for position and alignment reporting on lateral-moves. The resolver on a three tower center pivot was tested using a survey grade, sub-meter-accuracy GPS receiver. The resolver-reported angular position had errors up to 5 degrees. Fitting a sine curve and subtracting the modeled errors from the reported measurements corrected these errors to plus or minus one degree. A low-cost GPS receiver was tested in a stationary location on the same center pivot to determine its fitness for reporting field position for mechanized or self-propelled irrigation systems. This low-cost receiver was accurate to within 2.1 in 95% of the time. However, the remaining 5% of points showed errors up to 6 6 in. Outlying errors this large can present problems for precision or site-specific irrigation. Suggestions are offered for mitigating these errors. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Peters, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM tpeters@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 841 EP 845 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600013 ER PT J AU King, BA Wall, RW Kincaid, DC Westermann, DT AF King, BA Wall, RW Kincaid, DC Westermann, DT TI Field testing of a variable rate sprinkler and control system for site-specific water and nutrient application SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE center pivot; uniformity; chemigation; site-specific management AB Development and implementation of site-specific sprinkler irrigation management has been limited due to the lack of variable rate sprinklers. Thirty-two prototype variable rate sprinklers were constructed and field tested on a three-span linear-move irrigation system. An algorithm was developed for a distributed control network to allow each sprinkler to be individually controlled in groups of six or seven along the linear-move lateral. Water application uniformity was monitored over a 36% to 100% range in application rate. Measured application uniformity equaled or exceeded 90%. Variable rate nitrogen application was monitored over a 1.1-ha area. Measured nitrogen application rate was within 4% of the target application rate. Results indicate that the prototype variable rate sprinkler and control system allows water and chemical application to vary over a 36% to 100% range in application rate with minimal effect on water application uniformity. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, ARS, Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, POB 870, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM bradk@uidaho.edu NR 10 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 847 EP 853 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600014 ER PT J AU Kaleita, AL Heitman, JL Logsdon, SD AF Kaleita, AL Heitman, JL Logsdon, SD TI Field calibration of the Theta Probe for Des Moines lobe soils SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE calibration; soil moisture; impedance probe ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT; CAPACITANCE; MOISTURE; SENSOR AB Knowledge of soil moisture is needed to understand crop water use, hydrology, and microclimate. A reliable, rapid technique is needed, and recently an impedance soil moisture probe (Theta Probe) has been accepted by the scientific community. The purposes of this study were to calibrate the probe for soils of Central Iowa through field sampling, to determine the number of samples needed for calibration, and to determine the effect of temperature on calibration. Laboratory calibration was conducted on Des Moines lobe soils across a range of water contents and temperatures. Including a temperature term increased the R-2 from 0.85 to 0.87. Field calibration was based on Theta Probe measurements on similar soils combined with gravimetric sampling and soil temperature determination. Although some scatter existed, the field calibration was adequate for Iowa soils (R-2 = 0.77). Inclusion of temperature did not significantly improve the calibration for the field data. To determine the appropriate number of samples needed for the field calibration, regression equations were determined from sample numbers ranging from 2 to 89, and the standard error was determined for each. Based on the standard error analysis, 20 samples was an adequate number with no further improvement for additional data points. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kaleita, AL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 211 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kaleita@iastate.edu RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010; Kaleita, Amy/J-8363-2016 OI Kaleita, Amy/0000-0002-8906-3408 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 865 EP 870 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600016 ER PT J AU Lu, R Srivastava, AK Beaudry, RM AF Lu, R Srivastava, AK Beaudry, RM TI A newbioyield tester for measuring apple fruit firmness SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fruit; apples; quality; firmness; bioyield; nondestructive AB The objective of this research was to evaluate a newly developed bioyield tester for measuring fruit firmness and its measurement variability within individual fruit. The specially designed soft tip bioyield probe was coupled to a handheld digital force gauge that was mounted on a tabletop motor-driven stand. Bioyield force (or F-byst =force to cause bioyield by the soft tip probe) and Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness were measured on Delicious and Golden Delicious apples under different storage conditions and/or treatments. The correlation between MT firmness and Fbyst ranged from 0.62 to 0.81 with a standard error between 5.2 N and 6.7 N. Bioyield force decreased at about the same rate as that for MT firmness when apples were stored in refrigerated air at 5 V. When fruits were kept at room temperature (24 degrees C), the percent decline in Fbyst over the test time period was less than that in MT firmness. Bioyield force measurements within individual apples were 42.6% to 46.8% more variable than MT firmness, as measured by the coefficient of variation. Since the bioyield tester does not degrade apple fruit, it will be useful for measuring and monitoring fruit firmness during growth, harvest, and postharvest operations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 893 EP 900 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600019 ER PT J AU Ray, SJ Wills, JB Honea, GS Buschermohle, MJ Straw, RA Raman, DR AF Ray, SJ Wills, JB Honea, GS Buschermohle, MJ Straw, RA Raman, DR TI A one-year study of a supplemental air distribution system for greenhouses SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE air circulation; environmental control; poly-tube; tomato production AB The effect of a supplemental air distribution system was evaluated in a greenhouse producing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Trust). The system used centrifugal fans to force warmer air from above the canopy through a perforated duct extending longitudinally through each double-canopy row, with the goal of improving yield and decreasing energy use. The experiment employed two commercial-size greenhouses, one as the treatment greenhouse with the air distribution system and one as the control using conventional air handling. The experiment duration was two growing seasons (spring and fall crop). The system significantly reduced vertical temperature and relative humidity gradients while the heater was on during the spring. The treatment greenhouse consumed 9% less fuel and exhibited 14% greater yield than the control house. The net benefit from the treatment greenhouse was estimated as slightly less than $1000 for the spring season, and the benefit/cost ratio of the system was four to one. However, the benefits observed during the spring did not repeat for the fall season. There were no appreciable environmental differences between the greenhouses, and the yields were essentially the same. Because of capital and operating costs, the treatment greenhouse experienced a net economic loss of near $300 in the fall. The difference between fall and spring results is explained by the different relationship between plant size and climate during those seasons; the combination of small plants and cold weather in the spring can benefit the most from this type of air circulation system. The results from a single spring/fall trial suggest that the system could be valuable to producers, but only in the spring. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ray, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 256,111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sray@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 915 EP 924 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 972ID UT WOS:000232446600022 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Shea-Andersh, MA AF Slininger, PJ Shea-Andersh, MA TI Proline-based modulation of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and viable cell yields in cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens wild-type and over-producing strains SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOCONTROL AGENT PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; TAKE-ALL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; NITROGEN-SOURCE; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; WHEAT; ANTIBIOTICS; TOLERANCE AB The antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloro-glucinol (DAPG) is produced in the rhizosphere of wheat by pseudomonad populations responsible for the natural biological control phenomenon known as "take-all decline." Studies were conducted to elucidate the impact of DAPG and its co-product 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THA) on the production of Pseudomonas fluorescens for biological control. Increasing DAPG from 0.1 g/l to 0.5 g/l and THA from 0.05 g/l to 0.5 g/l significantly inhibited the growth and lowered the yield of viable bacteria in liquid cultures. On further examination of these metabolites applied in seed coatings, levels of DAPG and THA exceeding 0.05 mg/g seed significantly reduced wheat germination percentages. The three-way interaction of DAPG, THA, and culture medium ingredients was significant, and greatest seed germination loss (40-50%) was observed when 0.5 mg DAPG and 0.25 mg THA were combined in a coating of 0.5 ml culture medium per gram of seed. Based on the results of Biolog GN microplate, flask, and fermentor screens of C sources, proline was found to optimize the viable cell yields of the P.fluorescens strains tested. The combination of proline with glucose and urea as C and N sources in growth media could be optimized to minimize DAPG production and maximize the vitality of P.fluorescens Q8R1-96 and Q69c-80:miniTn5:ph120 (DAPG over-producer). In production cultures, the proline supply rate offers a potentially useful means to optimize the biological control agent yield and quality. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM slininpj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 5 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-1907-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 974NB UT WOS:000232597600008 PM 15719237 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Knight, CW AF Sharratt, BS Knight, CW TI Dissipation of bromide and metribuzin affected by tillage and crop residue management in Subarctic Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE herbicide; retention; leaching; solute; nitrate ID AGRICULTURAL SOIL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; WATER; HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; METOLACHLOR; SIMULATION AB Prudent use of agricultural fertilizers and herbicides is paramount for sustaining or improving surface and ground water quality in Subarctic regions, but little information is available that documents the loss of chemicals from agricultural lands in the Subarctic. This study aimed to ascertain more clearly how time of application and land management practices affect the loss of bromide and metribuzin in a Subarctic soil. Potassium bromide (KBr), a surrogate for nitrate, and metribuzin, commonly used to control broadleaf weeds, were applied in the autumn of 1996 and the spring of 1997 to a silt loam that had been subjected to conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (disk once [DO]), and no tillage (NT) since 1983. Superimposed on the tillage treatments were the removal or retention of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble and loose straw. Loss of these chemicals was ascertained by sampling the soil profile at the time of heading of barley, before freeze-up of the soil in autumn, and after spring thaw until September 1998. Tillage and residue treatments did not influence the recovery of autumn-applied or spring-applied Br. However, recovery of Br diminished with time: about 30% of the Br applied in autumn and 45% of that applied in spring remained in the soil profile by September 1998. Tillage, but not residue, treatments influenced the recovery of metribuzin. Recovery of metribuzin at the termination of this study was 6% or more in NT soil and 2% or less in CT and DO soil; greater recovery in NT soil was presumably a result of slower degradation in NT than in CT and DO. This study suggests that bromide (and thus nitrate) and metribuzin are more prone to leaching when applied in autumn and that tillage practices affect retention of metribuzin, but not nitrate, in the soil of Subarctic Alaska. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Fairbanks, AK 99707 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2005 VL 58 IS 3 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 964NI UT WOS:000231887400004 ER PT J AU Neogi, T Booth, SL Zhang, YQ Jacques, PF Terkeltaub, R Aliabadi, P Felson, DT AF Neogi, T Booth, SL Zhang, YQ Jacques, PF Terkeltaub, R Aliabadi, P Felson, DT TI Association of low vitamin K status with osteoarthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 12-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, VAMC, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 9 SU S BP S455 EP S455 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 969BG UT WOS:000232207802219 ER PT J AU Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA Crenna, BP AF Flesch, TK Wilson, JD Harper, LA Crenna, BP TI Estimating gas emissions from a farm with an inverse-dispersion technique SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian stochastic models; inverse-dispersion; trace gas; ammonia emissions; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; dispersion models ID TO-AIR EMISSIONS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD TRIAL; DINITROGEN; LAGOONS AB We use an inverse-dispersion technique to diagnose gas emissions (ammonia) from a swine farm. A backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model gives the emission-concentration relationship, so that downwind gas concentration establishes emissions. The bLS model takes as input the average wind velocity and direction, surface roughness, and atmospheric stability. Despite ignoring wind complexity and assuming a simplified source configuration in the model calculations, we argue that with concentration and wind measured sufficiently far from the farm the errors can be relatively small. An important part of our analysis was identifying periods likely to give erroneous results. The resulting emission calculations (6.5 and 16g animal(-1) day(-1) in March and July, respectively) are plausible in the light of comparative figures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Flesch, TK (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM thomas.flesch@ualberta.ca NR 18 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 27 BP 4863 EP 4874 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.032 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964MP UT WOS:000231885500005 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Heilman, WE AF Fast, JD Heilman, WE TI Simulated sensitivity of seasonal ozone exposure in the Great Lakes region to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the presence of interannual variability SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE regional photochemical modeling; air quality; ozone exposure; boundary layer; NOx; VOC ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CLOSURE-MODEL; TURBULENCE; CLIMATE AB A coupled meteorological and chemical modeling system with a 12-km horizontal grid spacing was used to simulate the evolution of ozone over the Great Lakes region between May and September of 1999 and 2001. The overall temporal and spatial variations in hourly ozone concentrations and ozone exposure from control simulations agreed reasonably well with the observations at most locations with an overall monthly bias computed across all stations ranging from -3.2 to 5.3 ppb, the root mean square difference ranging from 18.2 to 22.2 ppb, and an index of agreement ranging from 0.63 to 0.78. As with the observations, the simulated ozone exposure was higher during most months of the summer of 1999 than during 2001. Sensitivity simulations that increased anthropogenic trace gas emissions were performed to determine the changes in ozone exposure in the presence of meteorological interannual variability. The emission scenario simulations that employed the meteorological conditions of 1999 and increased anthropogenic emissions of NOx and VOCs produced increases in ozone exceeding 80 ppb over the lower peninsula of Michigan, the eastern half of the upper peninsula of Michigan, and over Ontario just north of Lake Superior and Lake Huron. Over the agricultural regions, more ozone between 60 and 80 ppb was produced. The cooler and wetter conditions with more frequent periods of northwesterly flow during the summer of 2001 were not as favorable for ozone production and did not result in increased ozone, despite the increase in anthropogenic emissions. Increases in ozone exceeding 60 ppb occurred only over the lake surfaces and in central Michigan when the meteorological conditions of the summer of 2001 were applied. For both summers, increases in anthropogenic emissions decreased ozone exposure in the immediate vicinity of the largest metropolitan areas. Since anthropogenic emission rate projections depend on assumptions of population, economic development, land-use patterns, and technology, the effect of anthropogenic emission rates on the magnitude and regional-scale distribution of ozone concentrations could be much larger or smaller than indicated by this study. In a subsequent study, the simulated ozone will be used as input to biological models to assess the response of ozone-sensitive tree species in the Great Lakes region to ozone levels produced by various anthropogenic emission scenarios. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 29 BP 5291 EP 5306 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.032 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972DT UT WOS:000232434900008 ER PT J AU Perdue, ML Swayne, DE AF Perdue, ML Swayne, DE TI Public health risk from avian influenza viruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Review DE avian influenza; pandemic; public health; zoonosis ID HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5N1; 1918 PANDEMIC VIRUS; FOWL PLAGUE VIRUS; HONG-KONG; A VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HUMAN-BEINGS; AMINO-ACID AB Since 1997, avian influenza (AI) virus infections in poultry have taken on new significance, with increasing numbers of cases involving bird-to-human transmission and the resulting production of clinically severe and fatal human infections. Such human infections have been sporadic and are caused by H7N7 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity (HP) and H9N2 low-pathogenicity (LP) At viruses in Europe and Asia. These infections have raised the level of concern by human health agencies for the potential reassortment of influenza virus genes and generation of the next human pandemic influenza A virus. The presence of endemic infections by H5N1 HPAI viruses in poultry in several Asian countries indicates that these viruses will continue to contaminate the environment and be an exposure risk with human transmission and infection. Furthermore, the reports of mammalian infections with H5N1 At viruses and, in particular, mammal-to-mammal transmission in humans and tigers are unprecedented. However, the subsequent risk for generating a pandemic human strain is unknown. More international funding from both human and animal health agencies for diagnosis or detection and control of AI in Asia is needed. Additional funding for research is needed to understand why and how these AI viruses infect humans and what pandemic risks they pose. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. WHO, Global Influenza Programme, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 123 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1637/7390-060305R.1 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970FO UT WOS:000232290800001 PM 16252482 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Huff, GR AF Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Brown, TP Huff, GR TI Reproduction of proventriculitis in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE proventriculitis; broilers; infectious bursal disease virus; infectious bronchitis virus ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; MALABSORPTION-SYNDROME; STUNTING SYNDROME; DISEASE VIRUS; MEGABACTERIUM; ADENOVIRUSES; REOVIRUS AB Proven triculitis was studied by experimentally reproducing the disease in broiler chickens. One-day-old infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antibody positive commercial broilers and I-clay-old antibody negative specific-pathogen-free (SPF) broilers were orally gavaged with proventricular homogenates produced from the proventriculi of broilers with proventriculitis. At 7 and 14 days, both commercial and SPF broilers had enlargement of the proventriculus with necrosis of the glandular epithelium and lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands. SPF broilers exposed to the proventricular homogenates developed infectious bursal disease, and IBDV was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They also were positive by RT-PCR to IBV and developed nephritis. Commercial broilers developed mild nephritis but not bursal disease and were negative for IBDV and positive for IBV by RT-PCR. Both homogenate-inoculated commercial and SPF chickens were negative for reovirus and Newcastle disease virus by RT-PCR and variably positive for adenovirus by PCR. Bacteria were not identified in histologic sections, nor were they isolated from affected proventriculi. Indirect fluorescent antibody assay using convalescent sera detected intracytoplasmic staining in the proventricular glandular epithelial cells. Examination of thin sections of proventriculi using electron microscopy identified virus-like particles approximately 120 nm in diameter within the cytoplasm of these cells at 7 days after inoculation. Passage of proventricular homogenate filtrates in chicken embryos for virus isolation caused stunting, and allantoic fluid from these eggs was positive for IBV by RT-PCR. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1637/7326-011305R.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970FO UT WOS:000232290800006 PM 16252487 ER PT J AU Debnam, AL Jackson, CR Avellaneda, GE Barrett, JB Hofacre, CL AF Debnam, AL Jackson, CR Avellaneda, GE Barrett, JB Hofacre, CL TI Effect of growth promotant usage on enterococci species on a poultry farm SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE poultry; enterococci; growth promotants; species; population ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRGINIAMYCIN; CHICKENS; FAECIUM; PCR AB The species population of enterococci isolated from four poultry houses for six grow-outs on one farm was determined. Two houses on the farm were control houses and did not use any antimicrobials, while two other houses on the farm used flavomycin, virginiamycin, and bacitracin during different poultry grow-outs. Litter, chick boxiiners, feed, and poultry carcass rinses were obtained from each house and cultured for the presence of enterococci. Nine species of enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. avium, E. casseliflavus, E. cecorum, E. durans, E. gallinarum, E. hirae, and E. malodoratus) were identified from the study. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated more frequently from chick boxIiners (n = 176; 92%) and carcass rinses (n = 491; 69%), whereas E faecium was found more frequently in litter (n = 361; 77%) and feed (n = 67; 64%). Enterococcus faecalis (n = 763; 52%) and E faecium (n = 578; 39%) were isolated most often from the farm and houses, regardless of antimicrobial treatment. Fifty-two percent of E faecalis and 39% of E faecium were isolated from both control (n = 389 and 295, respectively) and treatment (n = 374 and 283, respectively) samples. This study indicates that antimicrobial usage on this farm did not alter the resident population of enterococci. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1637/7328-011405R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970FO UT WOS:000232290800007 PM 16252488 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Guard-Bouldin, J Holt, PS TI The relationship between the duration of fecal shedding and the production of contaminated eggs by laying hens infected with strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Heidelberg SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; chickens; fecal shedding; egg contamination ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPE-4; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHICKENS; PERSISTENCE; COLONIZATION; FREQUENCY; AGE AB Egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis has remained a significant public health problem for nearly two decades, and Salmonella Heidelberg has also been recently implicated in egg-transmitted human illness. Colonization of the intestinal tract is a necessary precursor to the invasion of reproductive organs and subsequent deposition inside eggs laid by infected hens, but the relationship between the persistence of Salmonella in the intestinal tract and the likelihood of egg contamination has been uncertain. In this study, groups of laying hens were inoculated with large oral doses of strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Heidelberg, including variants of the original parent strains that had been reisolated from eggs laid by infected hens in a prior study. The shedding of Salmonella in voided feces was monitored for 6 wk postinoculation, and all eggs laid by infected hens between 5 and 22 days postinoculation were cultured for Salmonella in their contents. The mean duration of fecal shedding was significantly longer for the previously passaged Salmonella strains (26.7 days) than for the original parent strains (17.5 days), and the passaged strains caused a significantly higher frequency of egg contamination (6.4%) than did the parent strains (3.3%). However, the duration of fecal shedding and the frequency of egg contamination were not correlated for any of the Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg strains. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.1637/7322-010705R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970FO UT WOS:000232290800011 PM 16252492 ER PT J AU Rosario, CC Puente, JL Verdugo-Rodriguez, A Anderson, RC Eslava, CC AF Rosario, CC Puente, JL Verdugo-Rodriguez, A Anderson, RC Eslava, CC TI Phenotypic characterization of ipaH plus Escherichia coli strains associated with yolk sac infection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; yolk sac infection; invasiveness; antibiotic resistance; virulence factors ID AVIAN COLIBACILLOSIS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC-SENSITIVITY; EMBRYO LETHALITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; HEP-2 CELLS; O-ANTIGEN AB Seventy-six Escherichia coli serotypes possessing the ipaH gene typical of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strains were characterized. Biochemical identification of our strains shows positive reactions for lactose fermentation (100% of strains), lysine decarboxylase (98.7% of strains) and motility (67.1% of strains), properties that do not correspond with those described to the EIEC group. The serotypes agree with an initial classification. In this, some common 0 antigens identified among ipaH+ strains were O2 (n = 20), OR (n = 11) and non-determined O? (n = 10). The O2:NM serotype was the most common. Sixty-six percent (n = 50) of the ipaH+ E. coli strains were colicin producers, of them, 26 (34%) produced Col V and other colicins, 13 (17%) produced colicins other than Col V, and 11 (14.5%) produced Col V only. Trimethoprim/Sulfa (72%), ampicillin (64.5%), enrofloxacin (55.3%), and ciprofloxacin (47.4%) were the major antimicrobial resistance frequencies observed. Twenty-five different multiresistance patterns were observed, where sixty-six strains (86.8%) were included. A MIC test showed that most of the strains were sensitive to low gentamicin and kanamycin concentrations, whereas most of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. An invasiveness assay showed that the predominant alterations caused to HEp-2 cells were changes in shape and staining, and in most of the specimens, a partial monolayer detachment was also seen. Fifteen strains invaded more than 30% of the monolayer cells, causing the formation of intercellular bridges or filipoidal-like protrusions. The results suggest the existence of specific clone complexes derived from EIEC strains adapted to the avian host. To Our knowledge, this is the first stud), that demonstrates the presence of extraintestinal invasive E. coli (ExIEC) strains. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Anim Prod Aves, FMUZ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Dept Mol Microbiol, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Aves, FMUZ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Salud Publ, Fac Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Rosario, CC (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Anim Prod Aves, FMUZ, Circuito Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1637/7323-010705R.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 970FO UT WOS:000232290800016 PM 16252497 ER PT J AU Barger, NN Belnap, J Ojima, DS Mosier, A AF Barger, NN Belnap, J Ojima, DS Mosier, A TI NO gas loss from biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; Canyonlands National Park; Colorado Plateau; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen gas loss; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; DESERT SOILS; NITROGEN-CYCLE; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; N2O; NITRIFICATION; SAVANNA; FOREST; FIXATION AB In this study, we examined N gas loss as nitric oxide (NO) from N-fixing biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National Park, Utah. We hypothesized that NO gas loss would increase with increasing N fixation potential of the biologically crusted soil. NO fluxes were measured from biologically crusted soils with three levels of N fixation potential (Scytonema-Nostoc-Collema spp. (dark) > Scytonema-Nostoc-Microcoleus spp. ( medium)> Microcoleus spp. ( light)) from soil cores and field chambers. In both cores and field chambers there was a significant effect of crust type on NO fluxes, but this was highly dependent on season. NO fluxes from field chambers increased with increasing N fixation potential of the biologically crusted soils ( dark > medium > light) in the summer months, with no differences in the spring and autumn. Soil chlorophyll a content ( an index of N fixation potential), percent N, and temperature explained 40% of the variability in NO fluxes from our field sites. Estimates of annual NO loss from dark and light crusts was 0.04 - 0.16 and 0.02 - 0.11 kg NO-N/ha/year. Overall, NO gas loss accounts for approximately 3 - 7% of the N inputs via N fixation in dark and light biologically crusted soils. Land use practices have drastically altered biological soil crusts communities over the past century. Livestock grazing and intensive recreational use of public lands has resulted in a large scale conversion of dark cyanolichen crusts to light cyanobacterial crusts. As a result, changes in biologically crusted soils in arid and semi-arid regions of the western US may subsequently impact regional NO loss. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USGS BRD Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Barger, NN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nichole.Barger@colorado.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2005 VL 75 IS 3 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1378-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 983OM UT WOS:000233242000001 ER PT J AU Neilson, RP Pitelka, LF Solomon, AM Nathan, R Midgley, GF Fragoso, JMV Lischke, H Thompson, K AF Neilson, RP Pitelka, LF Solomon, AM Nathan, R Midgley, GF Fragoso, JMV Lischke, H Thompson, K TI Forecasting regional to global plant migration in response to climate change SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; dispersal; migration; long-distance dispersal; dynamic global vegetation models ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; SEED DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; INVASION; CARBON AB The rate of future climate change is likely to exceed the migration rates of most plant species. The replacement of dominant species by locally rare species may require decades, and extinctions may occur when plant species cannot migrate fast enough to escape the consequences of climate change. Such lags may impair ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and clean water production. Thus, to assess global change, simulation of plant migration and local vegetation change by dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) is critical, yet fraught with challenges. Global vegetation models cannot simulate all species, necessitating their aggregation into plant functional types (PFTs). Yet most PFTs encompass the full spectrum of migration rates. Migration processes span scales of time and space far beyond what can be confidently simulated in DGVMs. Theories about climate change and migration are limited by inadequate data for key processes at short and long time scales and at small and large spatial scales. These theories must be enhanced to incorporate species-level migration and succession processes into a more comprehensive definition of PFTs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Dept Spatiotemporal Landscape Modeling, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Neilson, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rneilson@fs.fed.us RI Nathan, Ran/A-9380-2008; Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Fragoso, Jose/C-3173-2012; Lischke, Heike/J-5719-2013; Midgley, Guy/H-3585-2014 OI Midgley, Guy/0000-0001-8264-0869 NR 58 TC 165 Z9 173 U1 4 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 749 EP 759 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0749:FRTGPM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 959NM UT WOS:000231524700007 ER PT J AU Tai, YS Bragg, J Edwards, MC AF Tai, YS Bragg, J Edwards, MC TI Virus vector for gene silencing in wheat SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSION; PLANTS C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tai, YS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM taiy@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 310 EP + DI 10.2144/05393BM03 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 962ZW UT WOS:000231773300005 PM 16206902 ER PT J AU Lazo, GR Lui, N Gu, YQ Kong, XY Coleman-Derr, D Anderson, OD AF Lazo, GR Lui, N Gu, YQ Kong, XY Coleman-Derr, D Anderson, OD TI Hybsweeper: a resource for detecting high-density plate gridding coordinates SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION; LIBRARY; ARRAYS C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lazo, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lazo@pw.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 320 EP + DI 10.2144/05393BM05 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 962ZW UT WOS:000231773300007 PM 16206904 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Nadkarni, NM Gholz, HL AF Clark, KL Nadkarni, NM Gholz, HL TI Retention of inorganic nitrogen by epiphytic bryophytes in a tropical montane forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; Costa Rica; epiphytic bryophytes; nitrogen cycle; tropical montane forest ID RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CLOUD FOREST; CANOPY; INTERCEPTION; MONTEVERDE; CHEMISTRY; RELEASE; BIOMASS AB We developed and evaluated a model of the canopy of a tropical montane forest at Monteverde, Costa Rica, to estimate inorganic nitrogen (N) retention byepiphytes from atmospheric deposition. We first estimated net retention of inorganic N by samples of epiphytic bryophytes, epiphyte assemblages, vascular epiphyte foliage, and host tree foliage that we exposed to cloud water and precipitation solutions. Results were then scaled up to the ecosystem level using a multilayered model of the canopy derived from measurements of forest structure and epiphyte mass. The model was driven with hourly meteorological and event-based atmospheric deposition data, and model predictions were evaluated against measurements of throughfall collected at the site. Model predictions were similar to field measurements for both event-based and annual hydrologic and inorganic N fluxes in throughfall. Simulation of individual events indicated that epiphytic bryophytes and epiphyte assemblages retained 33-67 percent of the inorganic N deposited in cloud water and precipitation. On an annual basis, the model predicted that epiphytic components retained 3.4 kg N ha/yr, equivalent to 50 percent of the inorganic N in atmospheric deposition (6.8 kg N ha/yr). Our results indicate that epiphytic bryophytes play a major role in N retention and cycling in this canopy by transforming highly mobile inorganic N (ca. 50% of atmospheric deposition is NO3-) to less mobile (exchangeable NH4+) and recalcitrant forms in biomass and remaining litter and humus. C1 US Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Silas Little Expt Forest, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. Evergreen State Univ, Lab 2 2259, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Clark, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Silas Little Expt Forest, 501 4 Mile Rd, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. EM kennethclark@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00043.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956MR UT WOS:000231304500002 ER PT J AU Torres, JA Gonzalez, G AF Torres, JA Gonzalez, G TI Wood decomposition of Cyrilla racemiflora (Cyrillaceae) in Puerto Rican dry and wet forests: A 13-year case study SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Cyrilla racemiflora; dry forest; Puerto Rico; soil fauna; termites; tropics; wet forest; wood decomposition ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; FAUNA AB We studied the decomposition of Cyrilla racemiflora logs over a 13-yr period in tropical dry and wet forests in Puerto Rico. The mean mass loss, ratio of soft to hard wood, nutrient concentrations, and the diversity of wood-inhabiting organisms were greater in logs decomposing in the dry forest than in the wet forest. Termites were also more abundant in the logs collected from the tropical dry forest than the tropical wet forest. High moisture content and a low animal diversity on the logs in the wet forest seem to retard wood decay in this habitat. Wood decay rates in the tropical dry forest can be related to the high diversity of species and functional groups of wood-inhabiting organisms. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Bayamon, PR 00959 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Jardin Bot Sur,1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00059.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 956MR UT WOS:000231304500018 ER PT J AU Glavich, DA Geiser, LH Mikulin, AG AF Glavich, DA Geiser, LH Mikulin, AG TI Rare epiphytic coastal lichen habitats, modeling, and management in the Pacific Northwest SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE conservation; Pacific Northwest; modeling; ecology; lichens; maritime; climate change; logistic regression; coastal ID FORESTS AB The ecological amplitudes, associated lichens, and substrates of fifteen regionally rare coastal epiphytic lichens (Bryoria pseudocapillaris, B. spiralifera, B. subcana, Erioderma sorediatum, Heterodermia leucomela, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Leioderma sorediatum, Leptogium brebissonii, Niebla cephalota, Parmaria rubiginosa, Pseudocyphellaria perpetua, Pyrrhospora quernea, Ramalina pollinaria, Teloschistes flavicans, and Usnea hesperina) in 85 randomly-selected and 49 purposively-selected 0.04 ha circular plots along a 5 kin wide strip of Pacific coastline from San Francisco Bay to the U.S.-Canadian border are reported. Logistic regression, used to identify environmental variables most indicative of suitable habitat, indicated that small changes in climate and forest type strongly affected probability of occurrence for many species. Threats to coastal lichens, including climate change, are discussed. The findings can be used to aid discover), of additional populations and manage existing habitat. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Glavich, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest Supervisors Off, POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM dglavich@yahoo.com; lgeiser@fs.fed.us; mag@proaxis.com NR 29 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC.-TRES., ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 2005 VL 108 IS 3 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[0377:RECLHM]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 007BK UT WOS:000234942200003 ER PT J AU Piva, A Casadei, G Gatta, PP Luchansky, JB Biagi, G AF Piva, A Casadei, G Gatta, PP Luchansky, JB Biagi, G TI Effect of lactitol, lactic acid bacteria, or their combinations (synbiotic) on intestinal proteolysis in vitro, and on feed efficiency in weaned pigs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE swine; cecum; synbiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; lactitol; lactic acid bacteria ID GAS-PRODUCTION; FIBER DIGESTION; PROBIOTICS; DIETS; HISTAMINE; GROWTH; YOUNG; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; ENTEROPATHY AB The purpose of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the intestinal microflora response to lactitol (LCT) as a non-digestible oligosaccharide (NDO) and/or to two swine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates (lactobacillus brevis and L. salivarius), and to select the most effective treatment to modulate intestinal fermentation in a subsequent growth study with weaning piglets. During a 24-h in vitro cecal fermentation, LCT alone or in combination with either bacteria isolate stimulated gas production rate (P < 0.05), while LAB isolates alone did not (P > 0.05). Both combinations of isolates with LCT reduced ammonia levels after 24 h by 26 and 31%, respectively (P < 0.05), while LCT alone was effective in keeping ammonia lower than the control only in the first 8 h (P < 0.05). All treatments increased (P < 0.05) the production of total volatile fatty acids. The most effective combination (LCT + L. salivarius) in vitro was selected to be used in a 49-d feeding experiment with weaned piglets (32 animals per group, eight piglets per cage, four cages per treatment). Feed efficiency was improved (13%) by LCT + L. salivarius (P < 0.05), while average daily gain and feed consumption were not affected (P > 0.05). These data substantiated the positive synergistic effect of the combination of an NDO with a LAB isolate as compared with the use of individual components in modulating the cecal microflora under in vitro conditions. This study showed that such combination may positively influence feed efficiency when fed to pigs. C1 Univ Bologna, DIMORFIPA, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piva, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, DIMORFIPA, Via Tolara Sopra 50, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. EM apiva@alma.unibo.it RI Gatta, Pier Paolo/C-5379-2012 OI Gatta, Pier Paolo/0000-0003-4012-6196 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 979TK UT WOS:000232967500010 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Kinkel, LL Groth, JV AF Barnes, CW Kinkel, LL Groth, JV TI Spatial and temporal dynamics of Puccinia andropogonis on Comandra umbellata and Andropogon gerardii in a native prairie SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE disease severity; naturally occurring rust; tallgrass prairie ID PLANT-DISEASE; LODGEPOLE PINE; HOST; RUST; METAPOPULATION; GRADIENTS; COMPETITION; DISPERSAL; CULTIVARS; ECOLOGY AB The rust Puccinia andropogonis (Schwein.) was studied on its aecial and telial plant hosts, comandra (Comadra umbellata L. Nutt.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), respectively, in a native prairie to investigate the influence of aecial host proximity on disease severity of the telial host in a natural system. Both hosts were mapped to measure distances from comandra clones to selected big bluestem plants in a Minnesota prairie. Mean rust severity on big bluestem was regressed on the number of aecia on comandra (aecial density) within eight distance intervals from big bluestem plants. Distance intervals were analyzed both inclusive and exclusive of other distance intervals. There was a significant positive relationship between aecial density on comandra and rust severity on big bluestem that decreased with increasing distance in accordance with the power law model, becoming nonsignificant at distances >40 m. To establish whether the genetic background of big bluestem influenced the relationship between rust severity and the distance to comandra, a common garden was planted with a representative big bluestem plant population. The low coefficient of determination (r(2)) between mean rust severities of individual plants from one year to another suggests there is not a strong genetic component in the host determining disease severity. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM barn0107@umn.edu NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1159 EP 1173 DI 10.1139/b05-087 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 994RW UT WOS:000234049900012 ER PT J AU Cullings, K Raleigh, C Vogler, DR AF Cullings, K Raleigh, C Vogler, DR TI Effects of severe dwarf mistletoe infection on the ectomycorrhizal community of a Pinus contorta stand in Yellowstone Park SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE dwarf mistletoe; Yellowstone; ectomycorrhizae PCR; DNA sequencing ID ELEMENTAL ORGANIC-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; DIFFERENT AGE; PINYON PINES; FUNGI; DEFOLIATION; FOREST; SEEDLINGS AB Molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that severe infection by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium, a carbon-sink parasite) affects the ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities of its host, lodgepole pine. Results indicate significantly lower EM fungal species richness (2 +/- 0.2 SE species per core in uninfected and 1 +/- 0.2 species per core in infected blocks; P < 0.005), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (1.1 in uninfected and 0.6 in infected; P < 0.05), and also differences in species EM fungal composition; uninfected blocks are dominated by a species of Cortinarius while the infected stand is dominated by species of Russula, and Piloderma (26%). By contrast, dwarf mistletoe infection has no apparent effect on evenness (0.65 in controls and 0.47 in infected; 0.05 < P < 0.1), or on EM infection levels (35 +/- 7 EM tips per core in uninfected and 21 +/- 5 in infected; P > 0.1). Thus, dwarf mistletoe infection may select for EM fungal species that impose a lower carbon demand on the host, or that possess carbon-degrading abilities to augment carbon lost to the parasite, enabling the trees in infected blocks to maintain relatively high EM infection levels. Our results indicate that effects of dwarf mistletoe infection occur not just in the crown of infected but extend into the soil as well, and hence may have much greater implications for ecosystem function than previously thought. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Cullings, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA. EM kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1174 EP 1180 DI 10.1139/b05-100 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 994RW UT WOS:000234049900013 ER PT J AU McRae, DJ Jin, JZ Conard, SG Sukhinin, AI Ivanova, GA Blake, TW AF McRae, DJ Jin, JZ Conard, SG Sukhinin, AI Ivanova, GA Blake, TW TI Infrared characterization of fine-scale variability in behavior of boreal forest fires SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Fairbanks, AK SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc ID JACK PINE AB Spatial and temporal variability in forest fire behavior, caused by differences in microsites, fuel types and condition, topography, and other factors across even relatively small areas, has been poorly characterized in most previous studies. Past characterization of forest fires has often been limited by monitoring techniques that relied on timing systems in coarse-resolution sampling grids. We report documentation and analysis of fire behavior for several experimental fires using a camcorder-sized infrared camera mounted in a helicopter hovering over the target fires. These fires were conducted as part of the Russian FIRE BEAR Project in boreal Pinus sylvestris L. forests of central Siberia. Final results provide quantitative information on fire front location, rates of spread, temperatures, and total radiation energy (kW/m(2)) observed during the fires at resolutions from 2.5 to 1.0 m across experimental burn plots ranging from 2.3 to 4.0 ha. Further postfire analysis using GIS produced a detailed spatial and temporal quantification of fireline intensity (kW/m) across the plot area. This type of infrared monitoring and analysis helps to support clearer assessment of relationships between fire behavior and ecological impacts. Such data permit accurate fire behavior estimates at various temporal and spatial scales rather than using an overall plot average. This method allows the sample size to be quite large, so that statistical analysis of the fire behavior data can provide an associated level of confidence. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. RP McRae, DJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dmcrae@nrcan.gc.ca RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2194 EP 2206 DI 10.1139/X05-096 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300014 ER PT J AU Samsonov, YN Koutsenogii, KP Makarov, VI Ivanov, AV Ivanov, VA McRae, DJ Conard, SG Baker, SP Ivanova, GA AF Samsonov, YN Koutsenogii, KP Makarov, VI Ivanov, AV Ivanov, VA McRae, DJ Conard, SG Baker, SP Ivanova, GA TI Particulate emissions from fires in central Siberian Scots pine forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Fairbanks, AK SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BOREAL FORESTS; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB Siberian boreal forest fires burn large areas annually, resulting in smoke that releases large amounts of particulate emission into the atmosphere. We sampled aerosol emissions from experimental fires on three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest sites of central Siberia. Emissions from ground-based aerosol samples were 0.1-0.7 t/ha. This value represented 1%-7% of the total biomass (10-30 t/ha) consumed during the experimental fires. We were able to classify the chemical composition of 77%-90% of the mass of particulate fire emissions. Chemical analysis indicated that an average of 8%-17% of the particulate composition was of mineral origin. Carbonaceous aerosols created because of incomplete combustion ranged from 50% to 70% of the total aerosol mass. The fraction of aerosols containing elemental carbon (EC) (i.e., graphite, soot, and charcoal) was 7%-15%. As our samples were taken near the ground surface, these results represent freshly emitted fire aerosols that have not yet had time to react with atmospheric moisture or to undergo postfire chemical or physical-chemical changes. In a typical year, where 12 x 10(6) - 14 x 10(6) ha burn in Russia, we estimate that 3 x 10(6) - 10 x 10(6) t of particulate matter may be emitted into the atmosphere. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. Siberian State Technol Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660040, Russia. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Samsonov, YN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM samsonov@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2207 EP 2217 DI 10.1139/X05-199 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300015 ER PT J AU Bachelet, D Lenihan, J Neilson, R Drapek, R Kittel, T AF Bachelet, D Lenihan, J Neilson, R Drapek, R Kittel, T TI Simulating the response of natural ecosystems and their fire regimes to climatic variability in Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Fairbanks, AK SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc ID DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; BOREAL FOREST; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON BUDGET; GLOBAL CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 was used to examine climate, fire, and ecosystems interactions in Alaska under historical (1922-1996) and future (1997-2100) climate conditions. Projections show that by the end of the 21st century, 75%-90% of the area simulated as tundra in 1922 is replaced by boreal and temperate forest. From 1922 to 1996, simulation results show a loss of about 9 g C(.)m(-2.)year(-1) from fire emissions and 360 000 ha burned each year. During the same period 61% of the C gained (1.7 Pg C) is lost to fires (1 Pg C). Under future climate change scenarios, fire emissions increase to 11-12 g C(.)m(-2.)year(-1) and the area burned increases to 411 000 - 481 000 ha(.)year(-1). The carbon gain between 2025 and 2099 is projected at 0.5 Pg C under the warmer CGCM1 climate change scenario and 3.2 Pg C under HADCM2SUL. The loss to fires under CGCM1 is thus greater than the carbon gained in those 75 years, while under HADCM2SUL it represents only about 40% of the carbon gained. Despite increases in fire losses, the model simulates an increase in carbon gains during the 21st century until its last decade, when, under both climate change scenarios, Alaska becomes a net carbon source. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bachelet, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bachelet@fsl.orst.edu RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Kittel, Timothy/F-2792-2011 OI Kittel, Timothy/0000-0002-4153-1006 NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2244 EP 2257 DI 10.1139/X05-086 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 991GL UT WOS:000233800300018 ER PT J AU McAlpin, CE Wicklow, DT AF McAlpin, CE Wicklow, DT TI Culture media and sources of nitrogen promoting the formation of stromata and ascocarps in Petromyces alliaceus (Aspergillus section Flavi) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ascospores; homothallic; sclerotia; essential amino acids ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SCLEROTIUM FORMATION; CALIFORNIA ORCHARDS; AMINO-ACIDS; AFLATOXIN; GROWTH; HETEROKARYON; PHYSIOLOGY; OCHRACEUS; NIDULANS AB Petromyces alliaceus Malloch and Cain is the only known sexually reproducing fungus classified in Aspergillus section Flavi. The goal of this research was to identify culture media and sources of nitrogen that best support the formation of stromata with ascocarps. Three cultures of P. alliaceus isolated from crop field soils were grown on selected agar media in Petri dishes for 7 months at 30 degrees C in darkness. The largest numbers of stromata were recorded for cultures grown on Czapek's agar (CZA) and a mixed cereal agar (MCA), while the percentage of stromata containing ascocarps was greatest (P <= 0.05) for cultures grown on MCA (25%-28%). When P. alliaceus was grown on standard CZA containing 0.3% NaNO3, only 5% of the strornata contained ascocarps. A greater percentage of the stromata (15%-22%) formed ascocarps when the NaNO3 in CZA was replaced with an equivalent amount of available nitrogen supplied by ammonium tartrate, glutamic acid, or serine. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wicklodt@ncaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 9 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1139/W05-057 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 991OV UT WOS:000233824200005 PM 16391655 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Dorsch, JA Peterson, KL Rutger, JN Raboy, V AF Bryant, RJ Dorsch, JA Peterson, KL Rutger, JN Raboy, V TI Phosphorus and mineral concentrations in whole grain and milled low phytic acid (lpa) 1-1 rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPE; ELEMENTS; PHYTATE; SEEDS AB Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) is the most abundant form of phosphorus (P) in cereal grains and is important to grain nutritional quality. In mature rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains, the bulk of phytic acid P is found in the germ and aleurone layer, deposited primarily as a mixed K/Mg salt. Phosphorus components and minerals were measured in whole grain produced by either the rice (Or yza sativa L.) cv. Kaybonnet (the nonmutant control) or the low phytic acid 1-1 (lpa 1-1) mutant, and in these grains when milled to different degrees (10, 12, 17, 20, 22, and 25%, w/w). Phytic acid P is reduced by 42-45% in lpa 1-l whole grain as compared with Kaybonnet, but these whole grains had similar level, of total P, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn. In both genotypes, the concentration of phytic acid P, total P, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Mn in the milled products was reduced by 60-90%, as compared with whole grain. However, a trend was observed for higher (25-40%) total P, Cereal Chem. 82(5): K, and Mg concentrations in lpa 1-1 milled products as compared with Kaybonnet milled products. The reduction in whole grain phytic acid P in rice lpa 1-1 is accompanied by a 5- to 10-fold increase in grain inorganic P, and this increase was observed in both whole grain and milled products. Phytic acid P was also reduced by 45% in bran obtained from lpa 1-1 grain, and this was accompanied by a 10-fold increase in inorganic P. Milling had no apparent effect on Zn concentration. Therefore, while the block in the accumulation of phytic acid in lpa 1-1 seed has little effect on whole grain total P and mineral concentration, it greatly alters the chemistry of these seed constituents, and to a lesser but detectable extent, alters their distribution between germ, central endosperm, and aleurone. These studies suggest that development of a low phytate rice might improve the nutritional quality of whole grain, milled rice and the bran produced during milling. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Smal Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rbryant@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0517 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800007 ER PT J AU Johnston, DB Singh, V AF Johnston, DB Singh, V TI Enzymatic milling product yield comparison with reduced levels of bromelain and varying levels of sulfur dioxide SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ENZYMES; STEEPING MAIZE; CORN; STARCH; PROTEIN; REQUIREMENTS; RECOVERY; FIBER AB Enzymatic milling (E-Milling) is a process that Could potentially replace the sulfur dioxide procedure currently used in all commercial wet-milling facilities. E-Milling incorporates the use of a short water soaking step (<= 6 hr), a coarse grind, and the use of a protease to release the starch granules from the corn endosperm. E-Milling does not require sulfur dioxide to obtain starch yields equivalent to conventional wet milling; however, the important antimicrobial effects of sulfur dioxide are not duplicated by the enzymatic process. The use of low levels of sulfur dioxide (sufficient for antimicrobial activity) is being proposed as an easily implemented means of microbial control during E-Milling. To assess the effectiveness of E-Milling under these conditions, fraction yields for milling experiments adding sulfur dioxide with and without added enzyme were compared with fraction yields from conventional 24-hr steeping with 2,000 ppm SO2 and 0.55% lactic acid. Because adding enzyme and SO2 can both improve product yields and compositions independently, it was necessary to use a reduced level of enzyme (much less than necessary to generate "product quality" material) to observe differences in terms of product yields. The results show significant differences in starch, fiber, total gluten, and insoluble gluten recoveries between samples milled With SO2 and enzyme compared with those at the same SO2 level without enzyme addition. No significant differences were observed for soakwater or germ yields regardless of the SO2 level used. The yield benefits from adding both enzyme and SO2 are clearly shown over the addition of each individually, for all coproduct yields with the exception of the yields for germ. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnston, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM djohnston@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0523 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800008 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Moreau, RA Rausch, KD Belyea, RL Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Srinivasan, R Moreau, RA Rausch, KD Belyea, RL Tumbleson, ME Singh, V TI Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) using sieving and elutriation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN AB A process was developed to separate fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in a dry-grind corn process. Separation of fiber from DDGS would provide two valuable coproducts: 1) DDGS with reduced fiber, increased fat, and increased protein contents; and 2) fiber. The process, called elusieve process, used two separation methods, sieving and elutriation, to separate the fiber. Material carried by air to the top of the elutriation column was called the lighter fraction and material that settled to the bottom of the column was called the heavier fraction. We evaluated the compositions of fractions produced from sieving and elutriation. Two commercial samples of DDGS were obtained from two dry-grind corn plants. Sieving over four screens (869, 582, 447, and 234 mu m openings) created five size categories. The two smallest size categories contained >40% (w/w) of the original DDGS and had reduced fiber and increased protein and fat contents relative to the original DDGS. Elutriation of the remaining three size categories increased protein and fat contents and reduced fiber contents in the heavier fractions. Elutriation at air velocities of 1.59-5.24 m/sec increased the protein content of the heavier fraction by 13-41% and increased the fat content of the heavier fraction by 4-127% compared with the bulk fractions of each size category. This process was effective in separating fiber from both DDGS samples evaluated. Elusieve process does not require changes in the existing dry-grind process and can be implemented at the end of the drygrind process. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0528 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800009 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Duvick, SA AF Scott, MP Duvick, SA TI Identification of QTL controlling thermal properties of maize starch SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; INBRED LINE; YIELD COMPONENTS; GRAIN-YIELD; CORN; GENERATIONS; SYNTHASE AB Starch has many uses and some of these uses would be facilitated by altering its thermal properties. Genetic manipulation of starch thermal properties will be facilitated by a better understanding of the genetic control of starch gelatinization. We used differential scanning calorimetry to characterize the gelatinization parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel starch prepared from two populations of recombinant inbred lines, an intermated B73xMol7 population (IBM) and an 176:7 Mol7xH99 population. The traits examined were the onset and peak temperatures of gelatinization and the enthalpy of gelatinization. These traits were measured for both native starch and for gelatinized starch allowed to recrystallize, a process called retrogradation. Substantial variation in these traits was found in spite of the narrow genetic base of the populations. We identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits of interest in each population. In the IBM population, a significant QTL for the peak temperature of gelatinization of retrograded starch co-localized to a molecular marker in the Wxl gene, which encodes a granule bound starch synthase. The major QTL identified in this study explain, on average, approximate to 15% of the variation for a given trait, underscoring the complexity of the genetic control of starch functional properties. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Scott, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pscott@iastate.edu RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 546 EP 553 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0545 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800012 ER PT J AU Nichols, NN Dien, BS Wu, YV Cotta, MA AF Nichols, NN Dien, BS Wu, YV Cotta, MA TI Ethanol fermentation of starch from field peas SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AIR CLASSIFICATION; PROTEIN-FRACTIONS; FUEL ALCOHOL; HYDROLYSIS; CORN; LEGUMES; FLOURS; WHEAT AB Field peas (Pisum sativum) were evaluated as a potential feedstock for ethanol production. Ground peas were dry-milled and separated into starch, protein, and fibrous fractions by air classification. Starch-enriched fractions prepared from whole peas and dehulled peas contained 73.7% wt and 77.8% wt starch, respectively, a nearly two-fold enrichment compared with whole peas. The fractions were liquefied and saccharified Cereal Chem. 82(5): using industrial a-amylase and glucoamylase at recommended enzyme loadings. A final ethanol concentration of 11.0% (w/v) was obtained in 48-52 hr, with yields of 0.43-0.48 g of ethanol/g of glucose. Starch present in whole ground peas was also saccharified and fermented, with 97% of the starch fermented when an autoclaving step was included in the liquefaction stage. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nichols, NN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM nicholnn@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0554 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800013 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Johnston, DB Hicks, KB Cotta, MA Singh, V AF Dien, BS Johnston, DB Hicks, KB Cotta, MA Singh, V TI Hydrolysis and fermentation of pericarp and endosperm fibers recovered from enzymatic corn dry-grind process SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOSTEROLS; COPRODUCTS; ETHANOL; ACID AB A modified dry-grind corn process has been developed that allows recovery of both pericarp and endosperm fibers as coproducts at the front end of the process before fermentation. The modified process is called enzymatic milling (E-Mill) dry-grind process. In a conventional dry-grind corn process, only the starch component of the corn kernel is converted into ethanol. Additional ethanol can be produced from corn if the fiber component can also be converted into ethanol. In this study, pericarp and endosperm fibers recovered in the E-Mill dry-grind process were evaluated as a potential ethanol feedstock. Both fractions were tested for fermentability and potential ethanol yield. Total ethanol yield recovered from corn by fermenting starch, pericarp, and endosperm fibers was also determined. Results show that endosperm fiber produced 20.5% more ethanol than pericarp fiber on a g/ 100 g of fiber basis. Total ethanol yield obtained by fermenting starch and both fiber fractions was 0.370 L/kg compared with ethanol yield of 0.334 L/kg obtained by fermenting starch alone. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@uiuc.edu OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 82 IS 5 BP 616 EP 620 DI 10.1094/CC-82-0616 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 963ZH UT WOS:000231844800022 ER PT J AU Meade, T D'Angelo, EM AF Meade, T D'Angelo, EM TI [C-14]Pentachlorophenol mineralization in the rice rhizosphere with established oxidized and reduced soil layers SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE reductive dechlorination; oxidative coupling; phytoremediation; plant oxygen transport; wetlands ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; WETLAND SOILS; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; DECHLORINATION; MICROORGANISMS; SLUDGE AB Flooded soils with rooted aquatic macrophytes have adjacent aerobic and anaerobic zones at the soil-water interface and rhizosphere where many common soil constituents undergo sequential oxidation and reduction reactions. To investigate whether pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralization would also be enhanced under these conditions, a laboratory study was conducted to determine the conversion of [C-14]PCP to (CO2)-C-14, (CH4)-C-14 and [C-14]humic substances in soil microcosms with established aerobic-anaerobic zones at the soil-water interface and rice (Oryza sativa) rhizosphere. Contrary to what was expected, PCP was least rapidly degraded in rhizosphere-soil microcosms that contained the most extensive amounts of aerobic-anaerobic interfaces (63% PCP loss in 82 d) and was most rapidly degraded in soil microcosms that lacked redox interfaces in the soil profile (94% PCP loss in 82 d). Decreased PCP mineralization in the presence of aerobic-anaerobic interfaces was explained by (i) lack of sufficient O-2 for aerobic PCP mineralization, due to the oxidation of other soil constituents in aerobic zones, and (ii) lack of an adequate supply of electron equivalents for reductive dechlorination of PCP, due to the reduction of other alternate electron acceptors in anaerobic zones. It was concluded that PCP mineralization is inhibited in flooded soils that contain extensive amounts of aerobic-anaerobic interfaces, due to redox cycling of other soil constituents that occur in these zones. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Soil & Water Biogeochem Lab, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. ARS, USDA, MWA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP D'Angelo, EM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Soil & Water Biogeochem Lab, 500 S Limestone St,N-122 Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM edangelo@uky.edu NR 35 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973BQ UT WOS:000232498300006 PM 16157169 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Lin, ZQ Arroyo, I Terry, N AF Banuelos, GS Lin, ZQ Arroyo, I Terry, N TI Selenium volatilization in vegetated agricultural drainage sediment from the San Luis Drain, Central California SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE drainage sediment; selenium; volatilization; phytoremediation ID DIMETHYL SELENIDE; BIOLOGICAL VOLATILIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; VOLATILE SELENIUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; REMOVAL; WATER; SOIL; TRANSFORMATIONS; BIOREMEDIATION AB The presence of large amounts of Se-laden agricultural drainage sediment in the San Luis Drain, Central California, poses a serious toxic threat to wildlife in the surrounding environment. Effective management of the drainage sediment becomes a practical challenge because the sediment is polluted with high levels of Se, B, and salts. This two-year field study was conducted to identify the best plant species that are salt and B tolerant and that have a superior ability of volatilizing Se from drainage sediment. The drainage sediment was mixed with clean soil, and vegetated with salado alfalfa (Medicago sativa 'salado'), salado grass (Sporobulus airoides 'salado'), saltgrass-turf (Distichlis spp. 'NYPA Turf), saltgrass-forage (Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene), cordgrass (Spartina patens 'Flageo'), Leucaenia (Leucaena leucocephola), elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum), or wild type-Brassica (Brassica spp.). Results show that elephant grass produced the greatest amount of biomass and accumulated highest concentrations of B. Highest concentrations of Se, S, and Cl were observed in wild-type Brassica. Biogenic volatilization of Se by plants and soil microbes was greater in summer. Among the treatments, the mean daily rates of Se volatilization (mu g Se m(-2) d(-1)) were wild-type Brassica (39) > saltgrass-turf (31) > cordgrass (27) > saltgrass forage (24) > elephant grass (22) > salado grass (2 1) > leucaenia (19) > salado alfalfa (14) > irrigated bare soil (11) > non-irrigated bare soil (6). Overall, rates of Se volatilization in drainage sediment were relatively low due to high levels of sulfate. To manage Se in drainage sediment by phytoremediation, the biological volatilization process needs to be enhanced substantially under field conditions. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2005 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1203 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.033 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 963AE UT WOS:000231774100005 PM 16018890 ER PT J AU Hoane, JS Morrow, JK Saville, WJ Dubey, JP Granstrom, DE Howe, DK AF Hoane, JS Morrow, JK Saville, WJ Dubey, JP Granstrom, DE Howe, DK TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of equine antibodies specific to Sarcocystis neurona surface antigens SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS EPM; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HORSES; SEROPREVALENCE; SERODIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; HUGHESI AB Sarcocystis neurona is the primary causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), a common neurologic disease of horses in the Americas. We have developed a set of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on the four major surface antigens of S. neurona (SnSAGs) to analyze the equine antibody response to S. neurona. The SnSAG ELISAs were optimized and standardized with a sample set of 36 equine sera that had been characterized by Western blotting against total S. neurona parasite antigen, the current gold standard for S. neurona serology. The recombinant SnSAG2 (rSnSAG2) ELISA showed the highest sensitivity and specificity at 95.5% and 92.9%, respectively. In contrast, only 68.2% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity were achieved with the rSnSAG1 ELISA, indicating that this antigen may not be a reliable serological marker for analyzing antibodies against S. neurona in horses. Importantly, the ELISA antigens did not show cross-reactivity with antisera to Sarcocystis fayeri or Neospora hughesi, two other equine parasites. The accuracy and reliability exhibited by the SnSAG ELISAs suggest that these assays will be valuable tools for examining the equine immune response against S. neurona infection, which may help in understanding the pathobiology of this accidental parasite-host interaction. Moreover, with modification and further investigation, the SnSAG ELISAs have potential for use as immunodiagnostic tests to aid in the identification of horses affected by EPM. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr 108, Lexington, KY 40556 USA. IDEXX, Equine Biodiagnost, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Howe, DK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr 108, Lexington, KY 40556 USA. EM dkhowe2@uky.edu NR 41 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1050 EP 1056 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1050-1056.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 964QG UT WOS:000231895000006 PM 16148170 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Brandt, SL AF Coudron, TA Brandt, SL TI Precocious induction of vitellogenin with JH III in the twospotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioassay; reproduction; predator; induction; Heteroptera; juvenile hormone; vitellogenesis; Vg ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; REPRODUCTION; CHIRONOMUS; INSECTS AB The effect of juvenile hormone (JH) III on the hemolymph composition of vitellogenin was examined in Perillus bioculatus. Adult females were treated topically with JH III, and the premature presence of vitellogenin in the hemolymph was then detected using electrophoresis and Western blot analyses. JH III treatment resulted in a dose-dependent early production of vitellogenin that was detectable 48 h before vitellogenin was present in non-treated insects. Vitellogenin was not observed in the hemolymph of JH Ill-treated adult males. The techniques reported here may be useful for the detection, isolation and characterization of compounds with JH-like activity in R bioculatus and other species of Heteroptera (which are thought to have JH-like substances other than the JHs with known chemical identity). These same techniques may also provide a method for researchers to investigate the interactions of JH-like compounds and other substances, such as ecdysteroid, in the regulation of vitellogenesis in Heteroptera. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM coudront@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 142 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.07.012 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 970RQ UT WOS:000232327700010 PM 16129637 ER PT J AU Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Tamim, NM Shellem, TA Doerr, JA AF Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Tamim, NM Shellem, TA Doerr, JA TI Induction of local protective immunity to Eimeria acervulina by a Lactobacillus-based probiotic SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE interferon-gamma; interleukin-2; probiotic; eimeria; intestinal immunity; chickens ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; BROILER-CHICKENS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; COCCIDIOSIS; COLONIZATION AB Previously we have shown that resistance to Eimeria acervulina (EA) infection in broiler chickens was enhanced by a probiotic treatment. In the present studies, we examined cytokine and oocyst production under similar conditions using a commercial Lactobacillus-based probiotic. Day-old male broiler chicks were fed control or probiotic diets and were orally challenged with either 2 X 10(4) (Experiment 1) or 1 X 10(4) (Experiment 2) oocysts of EA at 3 weeks of age. For the first experiment, fecal oocyst shedding and IFN-gamma levels in the culture supernatants of ConA-stimulated spleen lymphocytes were evaluated. Humoral and local cell-mediated immunity in the second experiment were assessed by evaluating antibody and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-2) levels in sera and intestinal secretions on a 3-day interval post inoculation. Results showed small but significant (P < 0.05) differences in cytokine levels and oocyst production but not antibody levels between the probiotic-treated and control groups. Collectively, these data suggest a positive impact of the probiotic on cellular immune responses of infected broilers as compared to control chickens resulting in enhanced resistance to EA as shown in reduced fecal oocyst shedding. The results showed an immunoregulatory effect of probiotic diets on the local cell-mediated immunity in poultry and provide a rationale for further study to investigate the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics in food animals. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Doerr, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, 0107 Symons Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP-NOV PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5-6 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2005.09.001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 994AY UT WOS:000234003200002 PM 16293311 ER PT J AU Breseghello, F Finney, PL Gaines, C Andrews, L Tanaka, J Penner, G Sorrells, ME AF Breseghello, F Finney, PL Gaines, C Andrews, L Tanaka, J Penner, G Sorrells, ME TI Genetic loci related to kernel quality differences between a soft and a hard wheat cultivar SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; L EM THELL; BREAD WHEAT; LINKAGE MAPS; GROUP-1 CHROMOSOMES; SPRING WHEAT; QTL ANALYSIS; MARKERS AB Hybridizations between hard and soft wheat types could be a source of novel variation for wheat quality improvement. This study was conducted to identify genomic regions related to differences in milling and baking quality between a soft and a hard cultivar of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A population of 101 double-haploid lines was generated from a cross between Grandin, a hard spring wheat variety, and AC Reed, a soft spring wheat variety. The genetic map included 320 markers in 43 linkage groups and spanned 3555 cM. Quadrumat-milled flour yield, softness equivalent, flour protein content and alkaline water retention capacity were evaluated for three locations and one year, and Allis-Chalmers milling, mixograph, and cookie baking tests were completed without replication. The effect of qualitative variation for kernel texture, caused by the segregation of the Hardness gene, was controlled by regression on texture class. The residual variance was used for composite interval mapping, and QTLs on 1A, 1B, 1A/D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A/B, 4B, 5B and 6B were detected. The effect of some QTLs was opposite to the direction expected on the basis of parental phenotypes. The hard wheat parent contributed alleles favorable for soft wheat varieties at QTLs on 1AS,L, 1BL-2, and 6B, whereas the soft parent contributed alleles for higher protein content at QTLs on 2BL-1, 4B-1, and 6B and higher flour yield on 2BL-2 and 4B-2. These results indicated that hard X soft wheat crosses have considerable potential for improving milling and baking quality of either class. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Embrapa, BR-75375 Santa Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. Roman Meal Co, Tacoma, WA 98409 USA. USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NeoVentures Biotechnol Inc, Guelph, ON N1G 2A9F, Canada. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mes12@cornell.edu RI Breseghello, Flavio/J-6768-2012 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1685 EP 1695 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0310 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400001 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Peel, MD Waldron, BL Horton, WH Asay, KH AF Jensen, KB Peel, MD Waldron, BL Horton, WH Asay, KH TI Persistence after three cycles of selection in NewHy RS-wheatgrass (Elymus hoffmannii KB Jensen & Asay) at increased salinity levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; TOLERANCE AB Difficulties associated with producing high quality forage on salt affected soils is often associated with the inability of plants to establish and persist at elevated soil salinity levels. The cultivar NewHy RS-wheatgrass is recommended for use on range sites with moderate salinity problems that receive at least 35 cm of annual precipitation. Objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) the ability to improve plant persistence in NewHy over three cycles of greenhouse selection at increased salinity levels and (ii) corresponding changes in seedling vigor and germination under nonsaline conditions. Greenhouse grown plants were irrigated every 3 d with a complete nutrient solution and salt levels were increased by an electrical conductivity (EC) of 6 dS m(-1) every 1 to 2 wk until an EC level of 42 dS m(-1) was reached and maintained until plant mortality occurred in 2002 and 2003. Probit analysis was used to estimate the time and salt concentration required to kill 50% of the plants (L]15) in each cycle. Significant differences for LD50 were found among the different cycles of NewHy selected for persistence under saline conditions and the quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] parent with a resulting ranking of Cycle-3 > Cycle-2 > Cycle-1 > quackgrass > NewHy (Cycle-0). The largest single gain was achieved from NewHy Cycle-0 to Cycle-1, which required an additional 145 ECdays to reach an LD50 level. Smaller increases were observed between Cycles-1 and -2 and between Cycles-2 and -3. Selection for persistence under a saline environment did not reduce seedling germination rate or vigor. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah Agr Expt Stn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1717 EP 1720 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0468 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400005 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR Brummer, EC Viands, DK Asay, KH Smith, RR Steiner, JJ Brauer, DK AF Beuselinck, PR Brummer, EC Viands, DK Asay, KH Smith, RR Steiner, JJ Brauer, DK TI Genotype and environment affect rhizome growth of birdsfoot trefoil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOTUS-CORNICULATUS L; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB Rhizome production has been transferred from wild germplasm of Lotus corniculatus L. (broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil) into domesticated germplasm to produce 'ARS-2620' and 'ARS-2424' (a L. corniculatus X L. uliginosus hybrid). The objective of this study was to determine if field environments in the United States differing in latitude affect rhizome expression in genotypes of ARS-2620 and ARS-2424. Ramets of rhizomatous genotypes of ARS-2620 and ARS-2424, and nonrhizomatous 'Norcen' were planted at seven locations in late July and August 1999. At five locations in 2000 and 2001, dormant plants were hand-dug in late autumn or winter. Traits measured were mean crown-plus-root mass, crown circumference, and percentage survival for all entries, and rhizome mass for the two rhizomatous entries. Significant (P <= 0.001) location X genotype effects were observed for all traits in 2000, but only for percentage survival in 2001. In 2001, the effect of locations was significant for all traits (P <= 0.001), but genotype effects were significant (P <= 0.001) only for crown circumference and percentage survival. The rhizomatous entries were larger in circumference and had a greater crown-plus-root mass than Norcen. Rhizomes appeared to be beneficial to plant survival and plant growth, but rhizomes did not assure performance or survival, as we did not identify a genotype that performed well across locations. High plant mortality and extensive tissue necrosis caused by root and crown-rot complex reduced overall plant performance and rhizome expression and masked the interpretive value of the data from the five locations. Plants grown in Logan, UT, were notable for their large size and rhizome production relative to the other locations, and as having advantageous, but undefined, environmental conditions beneficial to the performance of rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM BeuselinckP@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1736 EP 1740 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0495 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400008 ER PT J AU McPhee, K AF McPhee, K TI Variation for seedling root architecture in the core collection of pea germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERS AB Root growth is an important component of plant growth but has received little attention by plant breeders because of difficulties associated with root observation. Improved root architecture and production are likely to improve pea (Pisum sativum L.) production because they are often grown on marginal land and suffer from increased disease pressure and poor fertility. The objective of this study was to quantify the phenotypic variation in seedling root production among Pisum germplasm and to classify the root architecture observed. Seed of 330 accessions from the core collection of Pisum germplasm were germinated and grown under artificial conditions for 14 d and their root characters analyzed. Root systems were scanned and digitized by the WinRHIZO program. Data collected included taproot length, shoot length, and root and shoot dry weight. Data generated by WinRHIZO included total root length, surface area, average root diameter, and root volume. Taproot length ranged from 181 to 433 mm, while root and shoot dry weight ranged from 6 to 57 mg and 13 to 1.04 mg, respectively. Total root length ranged from 54 to 399 cm, root surface area ranged from 9 to 75 cm(2), and root volume ranged from 0.11 to 1.12 cm(3). Seed weight was significantly correlated with all root characters with the exception of taproot length. Shoot and root dry weight were positively correlated with total root length, average root diameter, and root volume. PI 261631, an accession from Spain, produced the greatest total root length, had a root:shoot weight ratio of 0.79, and the largest root volume (1.12 cm(3)). Plant breeders will be able to use the wide variation for root characters in their crossing and selection programs to modify root traits during cultivar development. C1 USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmcphee@mail.wsu.edu NR 11 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1758 EP 1763 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0544 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400011 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H Miller, GH Rutger, JN AF Belefant-Miller, H Miller, GH Rutger, JN TI Nondestructive measurement of carotenoids in plant tissues by fluorescence quenching SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RICE; SPECTROSCOPY; BARLEY; LINES AB Carotenoids, compounds valuable for their antioxidant properties in humans and animals, are sometimes present in the bran layers of rice (Oryza sativa L.). We developed a nondestructive technique to screen individual rice kernels for the presence of carotenoids in their bran for genetic selection of the carotenoid-containing lines. Most plant tissues are highly autofluoreseent. Carotenoids have a high absorptivity for visible light, which allows them to absorb or quench this natural fluorescence. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy provides the specificity and sensitivity that allows detection of the changes in fluorescence in a single rice kernel that occur when carotenoids are present. The fluorescence quenching technique identified three rice lines as having carotenoids present in the bran, and three other lines as being carotenoid-deficient. Fluorescence quenching was also used to monitor changes in carotenoid levels in living plants and enabled the measurement of carotenoids within the different colors of a variegated leaf. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM hmiller@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1786 EP 1789 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0592 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400015 ER PT J AU Burner, DM MacKown, CT AF Burner, DM MacKown, CT TI Herbage nitrogen recovery in a meadow and loblolly pine alley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM; TALL FESCUE; ORCHARDGRASS; WATER; USA; MINERALIZATION; AGROFORESTRY; ENVIRONMENT; COMPETITION AB Herbage in conventional pasture and agroforestry systems is managed for microclimate and spatial differences inherent to these systems, but managers have scarce data on which to base their decisions. Our objective was to measure herbage N fertilizer recovery at two sites, an unshaded meadow and a shaded alley in 10-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The test was conducted on a Leadvale silt loam soil (fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult) near Booneville, AR, in 2002 and 2003, with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) the predominant herbage species. Fertilizer N was broadcast as split-applications at six rates (100 kg ha(-1) increments from 0 to 500 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). The meadow and pine alleys had sufficient herbage yield for rotational livestock production. Cumulative herbage yield (CRY) in the meadow was much more responsive to added N than pine alley herbage, but average cumulative fertilizer N (CFN) recoveries were only 38% and 12%, respectively. A shallow fragipan, low available soil P (<= 6 mu g g(-1)), depletion of soil water in July to September (both sites), and low solar irradiance (pine alley) were likely contributors to low fertilizer N recovery and herbage productivity. Because of poor herbage yield response and substantial accumulation of soil mineral N (62 to 237 kg ha(-1)) in pine alleys fertilized with >= 200 kg N ha-1 yr(-1), only maintenance levels of fertilizer N (<= 100 kg ha(-1)) should he applied to similar sites. For these same reasons, yearly applications of fertilizer N > 300 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) are not recommended for meadows similar to the study site. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1817 EP 1825 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0607 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400019 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Kays, SE AF Morris, JB Kays, SE TI Total dietary fiber variability in a cross section of Crotalaria juncea genetic resources SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEN AB Sunn hemp seeds contain several phytochemicals including fiber with potential phytopharmaceutical use. A study of 15 sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., accessions demonstrated that total dietary fiber and protein content are significantly variable. As dietary fiber increases in the sunn hemp seed, protein decreases. Differences in total dietary fiber suggest that sufficient variability exists in this trait to allow enhancement in sunn hemp cultivars through plant breeding. C1 USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, QARU, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, PGRCU, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM bmorris@ars-grin.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1826 EP 1829 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0630 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400020 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, K Palavalli, L Sleper, D Beuselinck, P AF Bilyeu, K Palavalli, L Sleper, D Beuselinck, P TI Mutations in soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase genes reduce linolenic acid concentration in soybean seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAN LOCUS; INHERITANCE; MUTANTS; OIL; A5 AB One major locus (Fan) and several minor loci have been shown to contribute to the linolenic acid level in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. The Fan gene encodes a microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (Arabidopsis FAD3 homolog), and soybeans contain three FAD3 genes. The objective of this work was to characterize candidate soybean FAD3 genes from low linolenic acid soybean lines and associate those alleles with the trait. Mutations in two of the three soybean FAD3 genes were identified, and genotypes with the mutant alleles conferred a reduction of over two thirds of the linolenic acid present in the seed. The two mutant genes contributed unequally but additively to the phenotype. The results demonstrated that the mutant genotype can be identified with mutation-specific molecular markers in the F-2 generation, and the low linolenic acid trait will be stably inherited in subsequent generations. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM BilyeuK@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1830 EP 1836 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0632 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400021 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Bellinger, BS Halls, S Back, KH Garland-Campbell, K Siems, WF AF Skinner, DZ Bellinger, BS Halls, S Back, KH Garland-Campbell, K Siems, WF TI Phospholipid acyl chain and phospholipase dynamics during cold acclimation of winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; CONTRASTING HARDINESS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LINOLENIC ACID; LIPID CHANGES; PLANTS; SEEDLINGS AB Phospholipid (PL) composition is known to change in plants exposed to cold temperature. The dynamics of PL acyl chain pairs and genes encoding phospholipase enzymes were studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during cold acclimation. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize PL dynamics, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to characterize phospholipase gene mRNA transcript dynamics during cold acclimation. The proportion of PLs with mismatched acyl chains decreased concomitantly with an increase in total PLs during the first week of cold exposure. Proportions of mismatched acyl chains then increased, while total PLs varied little. Numbers of mRNA transcripts of phospholipase (PL)D, PLC, and PLA(2) increased in response to cold and remained at elevated levels throughout a 4-wk period. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) increased as much as 14-fold over the 5-wk period and increased significantly less in a less cold tolerant cultivar than more tolerant cultivars. It appeared that newly synthesized PLs with equal-length acyl chains form a part of the initial response to cold temperature; they are then modified to contain near-initial levels of mismatched acyl chains during acclimation. LPC is a highly active signal molecule and PLA(2), PLC, and PLD are involved in generation of phospholipid-based signaling molecules; hence, it appeared PL signaling is involved in initial and continuing responses to cold temperature. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1858 EP 1867 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0721 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400025 ER PT J AU Clark, SE Hayes, PM Henson, CA AF Clark, SE Hayes, PM Henson, CA TI Characterization of barley tissue-ubiquitous beta-amylase2 and effects of the single nucleotide polymorphisms on the enzyme's thermostability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; SUBSTRATE-BINDING AFFINITY; BETA-AMYLASE POLYMORPHISM; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEVENFOLD-MUTANT; FORMS; RYE; IDENTIFICATION; ALLELES AB There are two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) P-amylase genes encoding important starch-degrading enzymes. The endosperm-specific beta-amylase (Bmy1), the more abundant isozyme in cereal seeds, has been thoroughly characterized. The lesser abundant beta-amylase2 (Bmy2) has not been biochemically characterized from any cereal seeds. Characterization of Bmy2 from two commonly grown barley cultivars, Morex and Steptoe, was a major objective of this study. The bmy2 cDNAs were sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzymes (rBmy2) characterized. The relative hydrolysis rates of various alpha-D-glucans and the pH activity optima of Morex and Steptoe rBmy2s were the same and not significantly different from barley rBmy1. The Morex rBmy2 was 7 degrees C more thermostable than the Steptoe rBmy2, determined by differences in their T-50 values, and is more thermostable than any reported wild-type beta-amylase1. Three amino acid differences were identified between the two Bmy2 sequences and the contributions to enzyme thermostability evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis. Examination of mutant enzymes with one amino acid substitution revealed that each of the three residues contributed approximate to 3 degrees C to the thermostability of the Morex wild-type rBmy2. Mutant enzymes with two amino acid substitutions contributed approximate to 5.6 degrees C, and the triple amino acid mutant enzyme contributed 8.7 degrees C to thermostability. To date, no quantitative trait loci (QTL) for malting quality traits have been associated with the bmy2 locus. Should an association be discovered, the Morex bmy2 allele, containing D238, M337, and Q362, provides a discrete signature of a thermostable beta-amylase2 that could be targeted for marker assisted selection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cahenson@wisc.edu NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1868 EP 1876 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0726 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400026 ER PT J AU Townsend, MS Henning, JA AF Townsend, MS Henning, JA TI Potential heterotic groups in hop as determined by AFLP analysis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMULUS-LUPULUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; 5 TRAITS; REGISTRATION; ACCESSIONS; CULTIVARS; DNA; PERFORMANCE; GERMPLASM; VARIANTS AB Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial, dioecious species in which the female inflorescence (cones) are harvested and used in the beer-brewing process to impart bittering and/or flavoring to beer. Hop breeders have typically utilized clonal selection and hybridization to develop new cultivars. The use of genetically diverse parents for the purpose of capturing heterosis in the offspring has received little attention from hop breeders. The objective of this research was to assign male (N = 80) and female (N = 26) hop genotypes into potential heterotic groups using AFLP-generated molecular markers. The six AFLP primers used in this study amplified 550 total fragments, of which 490 (89.1 %) were polymorphic. A genetic distance (G D) matrix was computed from the binary data matrix, and groupings and summary statistics were calculated from the GD matrix. Two major clusters were observed, one composed primarily of European hops, while the second group was composed primarily of European-wild American hybrids. The two major clusters were further subdivided into 13 smaller clusters (two female, nine male, two male and female) based on a qualitative analysis. These results suggest potential parental combinations for hop researchers and breeders to study heterosis in hop. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Townsend, MS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM townsenm@onid.orst.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1901 EP 1907 DI 10.2135/cropsci2003.0688 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400030 ER PT J AU Lozovaya, VV Lygin, AV Ulanov, AV Nelson, RL Dayde, J Widhohn, JM AF Lozovaya, VV Lygin, AV Ulanov, AV Nelson, RL Dayde, J Widhohn, JM TI Effect of temperature and soil moisture status during seed development on soybean seed isoflavone concentration and composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOY PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENT; VARIETY; PHYTOESTROGENS AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed isoflavone concentration has been shown to be highly dependent on environmental conditions, but isoflavone concentrations have not been studied under controlled conditions to quantify the effects of specific factors. To determine the effect of air temperature and soil moisture status during soybean seed development on seed isoflavone concentration and composition, soybean plants were grown in the greenhouse under intermediate (18/28 degrees C), 9.5 h night/14.5 h daytime temperatures with high soil moisture conditions. Beginning at the R6 growth stage plants were subjected to either intermediate (18/28 degrees C), low (13/23 degrees C), or high (23/33 degrees C) 9.5 h night/14.5 h daytime temperatures with either low or high soil moisture conditions. Two French cultivars, Imari and Queen, and three U.S. cultivars, Dwight, Jack and Loda, all in maturity group 11 were studied. The overall results show that low temperatures and high soil moisture conditions produced the highest seed isoflavone concentrations with changes in temperature having the larger effect. The changes in daidzein and genistein concentrations were similar to changes in total isoflavones but the glycitein concentration was much less affected. The three U.S. cultivars were much less responsive to soil moisture than the two French cultivars. All five cultivars showed a two- to threefold increase in total isoflavone concentrations at the low temperature regime compared to the high temperature regime. Plant height was greatest under the intermediate temperatures; whereas, low temperatures and low soil moisture hastened maturity. Seed size was not significantly affected by any treatment. Soil moisture and air temperature have clear effects on the isoflavone concentrations in mature soybean seeds, but the ranking of all the cultivars based on average isoflavone concentration remained the same with all treatments. Environmental factors can have a large effect on isoflavone concentration, but the potential for isoflavone production is largely under genetic control. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ecole Super Agr Purpan, F-31076 Toulouse, France. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lozovaya, VV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Genet Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lozovaya@uiuc.edu NR 21 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1934 EP 1940 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0567 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400034 ER PT J AU Fuentes, RG Mickelson, HR Busch, RH Dill-Macky, R Evans, CK Thompson, WG Wiersma, JV Xie, W Dong, Y Anderson, JA AF Fuentes, RG Mickelson, HR Busch, RH Dill-Macky, R Evans, CK Thompson, WG Wiersma, JV Xie, W Dong, Y Anderson, JA TI Resource allocation and cultivar stability in breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SCAB; DEOXYNIVALENOL; VARIABILITY; GRAMINEARUM; PARAMETERS; NURSERIES; SELECTION; PROGRAM AB The development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) requires screening methodologies that accurately characterize reaction to this disease. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the stability of cultivars for their FHB reaction and (ii) to define an optimum resource allocation for FHB evaluation. Fourteen cultivars; were evaluated in FHB-screening nurseries at two locations across a 4-yr period. Field data were used to calculate disease incidence (INC) as the frequency of symptomatic spikes and disease index (DIS) as the mean disease score of all spikes. FHB reaction also was evaluated on harvested grain as percent visually scabby kernels (VSK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration. Significant differences among cultivars for all FHB parameters were found in each environment. Pearson correlation coefficients among FHB parameters were positive and highly significant, ranging from 0.32 between INC and DON to 0.72 between INC and DIS. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for yearly cultivar rankings and Kendall's coefficient of concordance were high, indicating similarity of the rankings of the tested cultivars in different environments. Visually scabby kernels was the FHB parameter with highest similarity for cultivar ranking across environments. Most of the cultivars, including susceptible ones, expressed stability for FHB reaction. Optimum resource allocation for DIS was most affected by the number of environments with three being the minimum to accurately characterize a genotype's resistance level. Using more than three replications or scoring more than 10 spikes per plot had little practical value in characterizing FHB reaction. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Gen Mills, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, NW Res & Outreach Ctr, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Inc Res Ctr, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 29 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1965 EP 1972 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0589 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400038 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Mayeux, HS Northup, BK AF Rao, SC Mayeux, HS Northup, BK TI Performance of forage soybean in the southern Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD; QUALITY AB Pasture for livestock in the southern Great Plains is often in short supply during the late summer. This study compared seasonal patterns in forage production, forage quality, and seed yield of three recently developed forage soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Donegal, Derry, and Tyrone) to the seed cultivar Hutcheson. Inoculated seeds were planted at 60 kg ha(-1) in rows (20 m long) with 60-cm spacing, in June 2001, 2002, and 2003, after harvest of no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Whole plant samples were collected on six sample dates from approximately 52 to 120 d after seeding (DAS). At 120 DAS, forage soybeans Derry, Donegal, and Tyrone leaf and stem accumulations were 15, 46, and 47% and 43, 69, and 126% greater than that of Hutcheson, respectively. Seed soybean initiated flowering 15 d earlier than forage soybeans, resulting in lower leaf and stem yield. Forage quality of whole plants (N concentration and dry matter digestibility) of whole plant was similar across cultivars. Seed yield of Tyrone was lowest (690 kg ha(-1)), as compared to Donegal (1180 kg ha(-1)), Hutcheson (985 kg ha(-1)), or Derry (939 kg ha(-1)). Nitrogen concentration and digestible dry matter (DDM) of seed for all cultivars were similar. We concluded that forage soybean cultivars could provide greater leaf and stem biomass for livestock in the southern Great Plains during late summer and early fall when perennial warm-season grasses are less productive. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srao@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1973 EP 1977 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0598 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400039 ER PT J AU Sebolai, B Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Boykin, DL AF Sebolai, B Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Boykin, DL TI Effect of control plot density, control plot arrangement, and assumption of random or fixed effects on nonreplicated experiments for germplasm screening using spatial models SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED AUGMENTED DESIGN; YIELD TRIALS; NONORTHOGONAL PROBLEMS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; RIDGE REGRESSION; SELECTION; PREDICTION; EXTENSION AB Early generation selection experiments typically involve several hundred to thousands of lines. Various systematic and statistical techniques have been developed to increase effectiveness and efficiencies in such experiments, including the development and application of spatial statistical models. In this study, mixed model equations were used to provide least squares means (LSMEANs) and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and compare selection effectiveness and efficiencies to observed (Y) and true values in simulated experiments varying in size (10 X 10, 20 X 20 and 30 X 30 grids), control plots densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50%), control plot arrangements (high, medium, and low A-optimality), and spatial range of influence (short and long). Results were similar for all grid sizes. In experiments in which the simulated land areas were highly variable (short range), none of the predictors, Y, LSMEAN, or BLUP, were very effective in identifying the true superior genotypes. When the simulated land areas were less variable (long range), use of BLUPs consistently resulted in the highest proportion of true top ranking genotypes identified across all control plot densities, while using the observed values consistently resulted in identification of the lowest proportion of the true top ranking genotypes. Effectiveness of LSMEANs was dependent on control plot density and arrangements. Use of BLUPs for early generation germplasm screening experiments should result in a high effectiveness in selecting truly superior germplasm and high efficiency because of the ability to account for spatial variability with the use of few or no control plots. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Botswana Coll Agr, Gaborone, Botswana. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 47 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1978 EP 1984 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0643 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400040 ER PT J AU Casler, MD AF Casler, MD TI Agronomic performance of timothy germplasm from forage and turf sods under two harvest managements SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHLEUM-PRATENSE L; GENETIC PROGRESS; LAWN WEEDS; GENECOLOGY; SELECTION; ALFALFA; YIELD AB Cultivated timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an important grass for hay production in temperate North America. It is underutilized in management-intensive rotational grazing systems because of its poor persistence when frequently defoliated. The objective of this study was to compare families selected for forage yield under frequent defoliation, families derived from old turf sods, and cultivars for agronomic performance under frequent and infrequent harvest managements (four vs. two harvests per year). Forage timothy was generally superior to turf timothy for most traits. Forage selections averaged 9.4 and 4.9% higher forage yield compared with cultivars under infrequent and frequent harvest managements, respectively, indicating that selection for higher forage yield under frequent harvest improved forage yield under both harvest frequencies. There were differences among the four types of turf (golf course fairways and roughs, cemeteries, and lawn/roadways), but these differences were not closely related to mowing height or frequency, perhaps because of the small sample size. Some turf collections ranked high for net herbage accumulation under frequent harvesting, but most turf collections were also characterized by a high frequency of regrowth panicles under either or both harvest frequencies. Timothy germplasm from old turf sods may have value in developing new timothy cultivars with improved tolerance to frequent defoliation and efforts should continue to gather and evaluate collections from a range of turf types and locations. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1990 EP 1996 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0659 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400042 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Gallo-Meagher, M Comstock, JC Miller, JD Jain, M Abouzid, A AF Gilbert, RA Gallo-Meagher, M Comstock, JC Miller, JD Jain, M Abouzid, A TI Agronomic evaluation of sugarcane lines transformed for resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; STABILITY; GENE; PLANTS; REGISTRATION; PROPAGATION; PERFORMANCE AB Genetic transformation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) holds promise for increasing yields and disease resistance. However, the tissue culture and transformation process may produce undesirable field characteristics in transgenic sugarcane. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate variability in agronomic characteristics and field disease resistance of sugarcane transformed for resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strain E. One hundred plants derived from cultivars CP 84-1198 (n = 82) and CP 80-1827 (n = 18), consisting of independent virus resistant lines VR 1 (n = 14), VR 4 (n = 24), VR 14 (n = 4), and VR 18 (n = 58) were evaluated in Exp. 1. Transgenics derived from CP 84-1198 had significantly greater tonnes of sucrose per hectare (TSH) and significantly lower SCMV disease incidence than those from CP 80-1827 in the plant-cane (PC), firstratoon (1R), and second-ratoon (2R) crops. Plants from the VR 18 line had significantly greater economic indices and lower SCMV disease incidence than the VR 4 line in all three crops. Phenotypic variation was high in Exp. 1, with tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH) ranging from 26 to 211 and TSH from 3.2 to 28.9 in the PC crop. Agronomic trait variation decreased with increased selection pressure in Exp. 2, evaluating 30 VR 18 lines, with TCH ranging from 70 to 149 and TSH from 8.5 to 19.0 in PC. The large variability in yield characteristics and disease resistance encountered in this study demonstrates the necessity of thorough field evaluation of transgenic sugarcane while selecting genetically stable and agronomically acceptable material for commercial use. C1 Univ Florida, EREC, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Genet Inst Inc, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Gilbert, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, EREC, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM ragilbert@ifas.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2060 EP 2067 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0771 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400053 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK Mayeux, HS AF Rao, SC Northup, BK Mayeux, HS TI Candidate cool-season legumes for filling forage deficit periods in the southern Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUE PRODUCTION; GREEN MANURE; GRAIN-YIELD; WATER-USE; LENTIL; WHEAT; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN AB This study was conducted to determine seasonal forage production and nutritive value of the cool-season annual legumes grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L. cv. AC-Greenfix) and lentil (Lens culinaris Med. cv. Indianhead) grown to fill the spring forage deficit period of the southern Great Plains. Data were collected from March to June in 2001 through 2003 at the USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK. Seeds of each species was inoculated and planted (60-cm row spacing) annually on 15 March (75 kg ha(-1) for grasspea; 25 kg ha(-1) for lentil) in 60-m(-2) plots. Aboveground biomass was collected on five dates [45-95 d after seeding (DAS)], dried 60 h at 60 to 65 degrees C, weighed, and used to calculate aboveground standing crop. Samples were ground (1.0 mm) and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations. Standing crop and N concentration showed significant (P = 0.05) interactions between DAS, cultivars and years. Differences were detected for DAS X cultivar and DAS X year interactions for IVDDM concentration (P = 0.05). Grasspea outperformed lentil and reached its maximum yield of 6415 vs. 2013 kg ha(-1), respectively, on 75 DAS before declining. Nitrogen concentration (23-55 g kg(-1)) and IVDDM (786 3 g kg(-1)) of the two cultivars were similar during the growing season. The higher level of production gives grasspea greater potential as a component of wheat-based (Triticum aestivam L.) forage systems in the southern Great Plains, particularly for filling the deficit period during late spring. C1 USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srao@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2068 EP 2074 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0019 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400054 ER PT J AU Springer, TL AF Springer, TL TI Germination and early seedling growth of chaffy-seeded grasses at negative water potentials SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE STRESS; TEMPERATURE; MANNITOL; DROUGHT AB Drought is the most frequent cause of stand establishment failure of native grasses. An experiment was conducted to determine the interactions of seed processing and simulated dry conditions on seed germination and seedling growth of five chaffy-seeded, warm-season grasses. Seed of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], yellow bluestem [Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum (Hack.) Celarier and Harlan], and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] were processed into intact spikelets-chaffy pure-seeds, debearded spikelets-chaffy pure-seeds lightly trimmed of hair and awns, and caryopses. Fifty-seed samples of each species and seed form were germinated at water potentials of -1.6, -0.8, -0.4,-0.2, and 0 MPa for a 21-d period. There were species X water potential and species X seed form interactions for 7-d germination, 21-d germination, and potential maximum germination, and for seedling root and shoot lengths. In general, seed germination and seedling growth were reduced as the water deficit potentials increased. Germination was slower and much lower from intact and debearded spikelets compared with caryopses. The slower germination of intact and debearded spikelets also resulted in shorter root and shoot lengths when compared with caryopses. Given the amount of genetic variation within most cross-pollinated species, this procedure could be used as an effective selection tool for breeding cultivars with improved germination and seedling growth at low water potentials. C1 USDA, ARS, So Plains Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Plains Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tspringer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2075 EP 2080 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0061 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400055 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Dewald, CL Sims, PL Gillen, RL Louthan, VH Cooper, WJ Taliaferro, CM Wynia, RL Houck, MJ Esquivel, RG Stevens, JA Brakie, MR AF Springer, TL Dewald, CL Sims, PL Gillen, RL Louthan, VH Cooper, WJ Taliaferro, CM Wynia, RL Houck, MJ Esquivel, RG Stevens, JA Brakie, MR TI Registration of 'Chet' sand bluestem SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, NRCS, Manhattan Plant Mat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Knox City Plant Mat Ctr, Knox City, TX 79529 USA. USDA, NRCS, E Texas Plant Mat Ctr, Nacogdoches, TX 75964 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tspringer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2125 EP 2126 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0735 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400067 ER PT J AU Beaver, JS Perea, CGM Osorno, JM Ferwerda, FH Miklas, PN AF Beaver, JS Perea, CGM Osorno, JM Ferwerda, FH Miklas, PN TI Registration of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus resistant dry bean germplasm lines PR9771-3-2, PR0247-49, and PR0157-4-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Hort, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Beaver, JS (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM jbeaver@uprm.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2126 EP 2127 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0487 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400068 ER PT J AU Pratt, RC Pollak, LM Montgomery, KT AF Pratt, RC Pollak, LM Montgomery, KT TI Registration of maize germplasm line GEMS-0002 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Illinois Fdn Seeds, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Pratt, RC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM pratt.3@osu.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2130 EP 2131 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0761 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400072 ER PT J AU McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN AF McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN TI Registration of 21 day length-neutral flowering primitive cotton germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jmccarty@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 2134 EP 2134 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0113 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 962WQ UT WOS:000231764400075 ER PT J AU Towill, LE Bonnart, R AF Towill, LE Bonnart, R TI Cryopreservation of apple using non-desiccated sections from winter-collected scions SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE conservation; germplasm; Malus species; two-step cooling; grafting ID GROWN SHOOT TIPS; ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION; VITRIFICATION; BUDS; PLANTS; PEAR AB Winter vegetative buds of Malus species are cryopreserved at USDA-ARS NCGRP to backup genetic resources maintained by field collections. The method uses desiccation of nodal sections prior to cooling but is time and labor intensive, and can damage materials if excessive. Here we tested cooling sections without prior desiccation to improve the efficiency of handling. Sections were slowly cooled to -30 degrees C or -35 degrees C and transferred to the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen (LNV). Viability was assessed using a sprouting test or grafting test. Some accessions showed higher viability when cooled at 5 degrees C/day compared to 1 degrees C/h and when transferred to LNV at -35 degrees C compared to -30 degrees C. Ten of 20 species had accessions that were successftilly cryopreserved using a criterion of 50% or greater sprouting. Desiccation prior to cooling was not necessary for cryopreservation of winter-collected scions from these Malus species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Towill, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 323 EP 332 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 986TJ UT WOS:000233472300007 PM 19827248 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Hume, ME Andrews, K Droleskey, RE Harvey, RB Sheffield, CL AF Ziprin, RL Hume, ME Andrews, K Droleskey, RE Harvey, RB Sheffield, CL TI News and notes: An atypical Campylobacter coli exhibiting unusual morphology SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CECAL COLONIZATION; JEJUNI; STRAINS; CHICKS AB Campylobacter coli cells are characterized by a comma, or spiral shape, and a single polar flagellum. Here we report stable spontaneous changes in morphology to an aflagellated straight rod. The ability to colonize the chick cecum was lost. The atypical cells were compared with the original C. coli 67 culture from which they were derived, with PCR, Riboprinting, and PFGE. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM ziprin@ffsru.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4527-4 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 964LD UT WOS:000231881700005 PM 16091850 ER PT J AU Gilbreth, SE Somkuti, GA AF Gilbreth, SE Somkuti, GA TI Thermophilin 110: A bacteriocin of Streptococcus thermophilus ST110 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; NISIN; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION; INFECTION; CULTURES; LYSIS; BEER AB A screen of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria identified Streptococcus thermophilus strain ST110 as the putative producer of a bacteriocin with high level of activity against pediococci. Thermophilin 110 was isolated from culture supernatant after 16 h of growth and partially purified by a chloroform extraction procedure. The bacteriocin inhibited the growth of several lactic acid bacteria and in the case of Pediococcus acidilactici, it induced cell lysis with the concomitant release of OD260-absorbing material and intracellular enzymes. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed two components with estimated sizes between 4.0 kDa and 4.5 kDa, respectively, with possible involvement in bacteriocin activity as indicated by agar overlay assays with P. acidilactici as the target organism. Thermophilin 110 was inactivated by several proteolytic enzymes and also by alpha-amylase, which indicated the putative requirement of a glycosidic component for activity. The bacteriocin produced by S. thermophilus may be especially useful in the food processing industries to control spoilage caused by pediococci. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gsomkuti@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4540-7 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 964LD UT WOS:000231881700008 PM 16049660 ER PT J AU Beard, KH Pitt, WC AF Beard, KH Pitt, WC TI Potential consequences of the coqui frog invasion in Hawaii SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE arthropods; biological invasions; Eleutherodactylus coqui; Hawaiian Islands; introduced mammals; native birds ID PUERTO-RICAN FROG; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; FOREST FROGS; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; LASIURUS-CINEREUS; TERRESTRIAL FROG; MONTANE FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; FOOD-HABITS AB The Puerto Rican frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, has invaded Hawaii and has negatively impacted the state's multimillion dollar floriculture, nursery and tourist industries; however, little is known about the ecological consequences of the invasion. Using data from Puerto Rico and Hawaii, the authors summarize the potential consequences of the invasion and describe future research needs. It could be predicted that the coqui would reduce the abundance of Hawaii's endemic invertebrates. However, data suggest that coquis are mostly consuming non-native invertebrates, and not invertebrate pests, such as mosquitoes and termites. Endemic invertebrates are likely to represent a portion of the coqui diet, but it remains uncertain which endemic invertebrates are most threatened by coqui predation and whether there will be indirect effects that benefit or harm them. It could be predicted that coquis would compete with endemic birds for invertebrate prey, but there is presently little overlap in the habitats used by coquis and endemic birds. Although, coquis may make bird re-invasion into lowland ecosystems more difficult; alternatively, coquis could serve as an additional food source for some endemic birds. Finally, it could be predicted that coquis serve as a food source for endemic-bird predators, such as rats and mongoose, and bolster their abundance. Preliminary data suggest that coquis will not bolster rat or mongoose populations. Managing coqui populations in Hawaii has been a challenge. A population has not yet been eradicated using citric acid, the only federally approved pesticide for coquis. It is unlikely that coquis will ever be eradicated from the islands of Hawaii and Maui, where there are now hundreds of populations. Quick and severe responses to new introductions may be the only effective means of containing the spread of the coqui. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Range Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP Beard, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Range Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kbeard@cc.usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 NR 56 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00178.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959FX UT WOS:000231504400007 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Kartesz, J Peterjohn, B AF Stohlgren, TJ Barnett, D Flather, C Kartesz, J Peterjohn, B TI Plant species invasions along the latitudinal gradient in the United States SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native plant species; non-indigenous plant species; patterns of invasion; species densities ID GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; ENERGY; CONSERVATION; GRASSLANDS; LANDSCAPE; DENSITY; CLIMATE AB It has been long established that the richness of vascular plant species and many animal taxa decreases with increasing latitude, a pattern that very generally follows declines in actual and potential evapotranspiration, solar radiation, temperature, and thus, total productivity. Using county-level data on vascular plants from the United States (3000 counties in the conterminous 48 states), we used the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate competing models predicting native and nonnative plant species density (number of species per square kilometer in a county) from various combinations of biotic variables (e.g., native bird species density, vegetation carbon, normalized difference vegetation index), environmental/topographic variables (elevation, variation in elevation, the number of land cover classes in the county; radiation, mean precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration), and human variables (human population density, crop-land, and percentage of disturbed lands in a county). We found no evidence of a latitudinal gradient for the density of native plant species and a significant, slightly positive latitudinal gradient for the density of nonnative plant species. We found stronger evidence of a significant, positive productivity gradient (vegetation carbon) for the density of native plant species and nonnative plant species. We found much stronger significant relationships when biotic, environmental/topographic, and human variables were used to predict native plant species density and nonnative plant species density. Biotic variables generally had far greater influence in multivariate models than human or environmental/topographic variables. Later, we found that the best, single, positive predictor of the density of nonnative plant species in a county was the density of native plant species in a county. While further study is needed, it may be that, while humans facilitate the initial establishment invasions of nonnative plant species, the spread and subsequent distributions of nonnative species are controlled largely by biotic and environmental factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@USGS.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2298 EP 2309 DI 10.1890/04-1195 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957MJ UT WOS:000231373600005 ER PT J AU Roth, JK Vander Wall, SB AF Roth, JK Vander Wall, SB TI Primary and secondary seed dispersal of bush chinquapin (Fagaceae) by scatterhoarding rodents SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Castanopsis sempervirens; chinquapin; food hoarding; granivory; scatterhoarding; secondary seed dispersal ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; CHIPMUNKS TAMIAS-AMOENUS; PINE PINUS-MONOPHYLLA; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; DIRECTED DISPERSAL; HOARDING BEHAVIOR; FAGUS-SILVATICA; RAIN-FOREST; SURVIVAL; REMOVAL AB Seed dispersal often occurs in two or more discrete stages, but the effects of the latter stages of dispersal on successful recruitment have seldom been measured. We investigated the relative contributions of primary and secondary seed dispersal of Sierra bush chinquapin (Castanopsis sempervirens; Fagaceae) to seedling establishment. Rodents (mostly yellow pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus) harvested chinquapin nuts rapidly during a three-week period starting in mid-August and scatterhoarded most nuts (81%) in the ground. Most initial (primary) caches contained one nut (range = 1-5 nuts) buried 10-23 mm deep within 46 m of source shrubs. Rodents subsequently retrieved 95% of these nuts and recached at least 33% elsewhere (secondary caches), at,lower densities and up to 64 m from source plants. By winter, 41% and 21% of nuts harvested from shrubs remained in scatter caches in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Only 10 caches (4 primary and 6 secondary caches) present in winter 1999 (7.8%), and no caches from winter 2000, produced seedlings the following spring. All seedlings died during the first growing season because of rodent grazing and desiccation. Despite low seedling survival in this study, chinquapin appears to be dependent upon scatterhoarding rodents for seedling recruitment. Secondary dispersal is an important aspect of chinquapin dispersal. Secondary caches contributed more to chinquapin seedling recruitment than primary caches; 2.5% of primary caches and 5.6% of secondary caches produced seedlings. This study suggests that, for propagules that move repeatedly during dispersal, a clear understanding of the dynamics of seed dispersal can be gained only by following seed movements, determining the transition probabilities between different stages of dispersal, and assessing the contribution of each stage of seed dispersal to plant recruitment. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Lake Tahoe Basin Mangement Unit, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Roth, JK (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Lake Tahoe Basin Mangement Unit, 35 Coll Dr, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. EM rothj2002@yahoo.com NR 61 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2428 EP 2439 DI 10.1890/04-0791 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957MJ UT WOS:000231373600018 ER PT J AU Stark, JD Vargas, RI AF Stark, JD Vargas, RI TI Toxicity and hazard assessment of fipronil to Daphnia pulex SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE fipronil; toxicity; hazard; Daphnia ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDE; INCREASE; TOXICANTS AB Hazard assessments based on two measures of toxicity were conducted for the water flea, Daphnia pulex (Leydig) exposed to the insecticide, fipronil. The measures of toxicity obtained were 48 It acute lethal concentration estimates, and a direct measure of population growth rate, the 10-day instantaneous rate of increase (r(i)). Additionally, life tables were developed after exposure to several concentrations to tease out the apparent sublethal effects of this insecticide to D. pulex. The acute LC50 was estimated to be 0.0156 (0.0088-0.083) mg/L. In the 10-day population growth rate study, extinction of D. pulex populations occurred after exposure to 0.08 mg/L of fipronil, which was equivalent to the 48 It acute LC75. The NOEC and LOEC for population size after a 10-day exposure to fipronil were 0.03 and 0.05mg/L, respectively. An expected environmental concentration (EEC) in freshwater lakes/ponds based on an application rate of 250 mg ai/ha (recommended rate for use in Tephritid fruit fly control programs) was estimated to be 0.00017 mg/L. Hazard assessments were developed by dividing the EEC by the LC50 and NOEC for population size. The assessments based on the LC50 and NOEC for population size were 0.011 and 0.0057, respectively, indicating that fipronil does not pose a hazard to D. pulex when applied at the rates recommended for control of Tephritid fruit flies. Life tables were developed after exposure to two insecticide concentrations and a control. Exposure to 0.015 mg/L, the approximate 48 h acute LC50, resulted in only a slight decrease in the net reproductive rate (R-o), birth rate (b), and intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) and an increase in generation time (T), death rate (d), and doubling time (DT) compared to the control. Exposure to 0.03 mg/L, the approximate 48 h acute LC60, and NOEC in the 10-day study, resulted in a 57% decline in the net reproductive rate, a 1.45-fold decrease in birth rate, a 1.5-fold decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase, a 6-day increase in generation time, a 4-fold increase in death rate, and a 1.5-fold increase in doubling time. The stable age distribution (after 60 days) of D. pulex changed after exposure to fipronil. Increasing concentrations of fipronil resulted in a decrease in the percentage of individuals in the first, second, third, and fourth juvenile stages, an increase in the adult stage, and no change in the adolescent stage. These results indicate that certain concentrations of fipronil approaching the LC50 can negatively affect population parameters of D. pulex, but that EECs, at least for fruit fly control, should be lower than the concentration necessary to cause damage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. USDA ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Pioneer Way E 7612, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM starkj@wsu.edu NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.02.011 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 945OF UT WOS:000230511100002 PM 15978286 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Tong, Q Tan, G Chang, AN Orkin, SH Hotamisligil, GS AF Tsai, J Tong, Q Tan, G Chang, AN Orkin, SH Hotamisligil, GS TI The transcription factor GATA2 regulates differentiation of brown adipocytes SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Article DE differentiation; transcription; brown adipocyte; obesity; metabolic regulation ID UNCOUPLING PROTEIN GENE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PPAR-GAMMA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE/; TRANSGENIC MICE; C/EBP FAMILY; OBESITY; EXPRESSION; CELLS; THERMOGENESIS AB Brown adipose tissue ( BAT) is a specialized mammalian tissue and a site of adaptive thermogenesis. Although the metabolic functions of brown and white adipocytes are distinct, terminal differentiation of both adipocyte lineages is regulated by well-characterized common transcription factors. However, the early stages of adipocyte differentiation and regulation of precursor cells are not well understood. We report here that GATA2 is expressed in brown adipocyte precursors, and its expression is downregulated in a differentiation- dependent manner. Constitutive expression of GATA2 suppressed expression of BAT-specific genes in brown adipocytes, whereas disruption of a GATA2 allele in brown preadipocytes resulted in significantly elevated differentiation and expression of several markers of brown adipogenesis. Collectively, these results show that GATA2 functions to suppress brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas reduction of GATA2 promotes brown adipogenesis. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Hematol & Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hotamisligil, GS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ghotamis@hsph.harvard.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK056894, DK56894]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32-ES07155-17, T32 ES007155] NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 6 IS 9 BP 879 EP 884 DI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400490 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 965VL UT WOS:000231978400019 PM 16082385 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Rendon, P AF Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Rendon, P TI The sterile insect technique and the Mediterranean fruit fly: assessing the utility of aromatherapy in large field enclosures SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Diptera; Tephritidae; mating competitiveness; sterile male technique; ginger root oil; overflooding ratio; integrated pest management ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; GINGER ROOT OIL; ENHANCES MATING SUCCESS; FLIES DIPTERA; ALPHA-COPAENE; TEPHRITIDAE; MALES; COMPETITIVENESS; FEMALES; GUATEMALA AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against tephritid fruit flies, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass-rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in the male mating competitiveness. One potential solution involves the prerelease exposure of males to particular attractants. In particular, male exposure to ginger root oil [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); hereafter GRO], has been shown to increase mating success dramatically in field cage trials. To evaluate more rigorously the effectiveness of GRO exposure, we here describe two projects that compared levels of egg sterility or pupal yield, respectively, following the release of wild flies and either GRO-exposed (treated) sterile males or GRO-deprived (control) sterile males in large field enclosures. In both projects, sterile males from a genetic sexing strain were exposed as adults to GRO for 24 h while held in large storage boxes. In Hawaii, we dissected eggs from fruits to determine the percentage of egg hatch at four overflooding ratios, ranging from 5 : 1 to 60 : 1 (sterile : wild males), and found that, at all four ratios, the proportion of unhatched (sterile) eggs was significantly greater in enclosures containing GRO-exposed males than control males. In Guatemala, we allowed larvae to develop in fruits and counted the number of pupae produced. At the only overflooding ratio tested (25 : 1), pupal yield was approximately 25% lower for enclosures containing GRO-exposed males than control males, although this difference was not statistically significant. An explanation for the differing outcomes is proposed, and the implications of these findings for the SIT are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Ctr Conservat Res & Training, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, APHIS, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00328.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 955KL UT WOS:000231224700007 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT AF Arbogast, RT TI Seasonal flight activity of stored-product moths (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae, Gelechiidae) in South Carolina, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE seasonal flight activity; stored-product moths; Lepidoptera; Plodia interpunctella; Cadra cautella; Pyralidae; Sitotroga cerealella; Gelechiidae; stored grain; South Carolina; USA ID INSECTS; ABUNDANCE; MAIZE AB There is little information available on the flight activity of stored-product moths outside farm bins during grain storage and inside empty bins after removal of the grain. The flight activity of three species - Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Cadra cautella (Walker), and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) - was monitored for two storage seasons on two farms in southern South Carolina by means of pheromone-baited traps. Plodia interpunctella accounted for most captures by far, followed by C. cautella and S. cerealella. Various moths other than stored-product species were also captured. Moth activity in general was highest in the spring and fall, lowest in the winter. All of the storage species showed at least some activity throughout the year, but trap catch of P. interpunctella was concentrated in the spring and that of C. cautella in the summer and fall. Sitotroga cerealella was taken in relatively low numbers, especially during the second storage season. During the first storage season, most captures of S. cerealella occurred in spring and summer, but we had no fall data. Of the few captured during the second storage season, most were captured in the fall. Plodia interpunctella was abundant in empty storage bins during the brief period between crops in late summer, but C. cautella and S. cerealella were found in smaller numbers. Air temperature clearly had an impact on flight activity, but seasonal affects other than the direct impact of temperature, such as the influence of temperature on population growth and decline, must also influence flight activity. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM tarbogast@gainsville.usda.ufl.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 197 EP 208 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990BQ UT WOS:000233718600001 ER PT J AU Moser, JC Fitzgibbon, BA Klepzig, KD AF Moser, JC Fitzgibbon, BA Klepzig, KD TI The Mexican pine beetle, Dendroctonus mexicanus: First record in the United States and co-occurrence with the southern pine beetle - Dendromnus frontalis (Coleoptera : Scolytidae or Curculionidae : Scolytinae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE southern pine beetle; Dendroctonus frontalis; Dendroctonus mexicanus; invasive species; bark beetle; Curculionidae; Scolytidae; Scolytinae AB The Mexican pine beetle (XPB) Dendroctonus mexicanus, is recorded here for the first time as a new introduction for the United States (US). Individuals of XPB and its sibling species, the southern pine beetle (SPB) Dendroctonus frontalis, were found infesting the same logs of Chihuahua pine, Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana and those of several other pine species in the Chiricahua Mountains, AZ. Both species were also captured in Lindgren traps baited with southern-and western pine beetle attractants, both of which contained the pheromone frontalin. XPB outnumbered SPB 16:1 in the traps. Both XPB and SPB were trapped during warm periods in winter. It is possible that XPB attack trees during winter as SPB do in the southeastern US. Both XPB and SPB are highly destructive to pines, and XPB could pose a threat if accidentally introduced to pines in the higher elevations of the eastern US. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Forestry & Forest Hlth, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Moser, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM jmoser@fs.fed.us; bfitzgibbon@fs.fed.us; kklepzig@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 116 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990BQ UT WOS:000233718600005 ER PT J AU Williams, JC Snyder, SA AF Williams, JC Snyder, SA TI Restoring habitat corridors in fragmented landscapes using optimization and percolation models SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; habitat fragmentation; landscape restoration; mathematical programming; percolation theory ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY; RESTORATION; NETWORK AB Landscape fragmentation and habitat loss are significant threats to the conservation of biological diversity. Creating and restoring corridors between isolated habitat patches can help mitigate or reverse the impacts of fragmentation. It is important that restoration and protection efforts be undertaken in the most efficient and effective way possible because conservation budgets are often severely limited. We address the question of where restoration should take place to efficiently reconnect habitat with a landscape-spanning corridor. Building upon findings in percolation theory, we develop a shortest-path optimization methodology for assessing the minimum amount of restoration needed to establish such corridors. This methodology is applied to large numbers of simulated fragmented landscapes to generate mean and variance statistics for the amount of restoration needed. The results provide new information about the expected level of resources needed to realize different corridor configurations under different degrees of fragmentation and different characterizations of habitat connectivity ("neighbor rules"). These results are expected to be of interest to conservation planners and managers in the allocation of conservation resources to restoration projects. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Williams, JC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jcwjr@jhu.edu; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10666-005-9003-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995ZN UT WOS:000234144300008 ER PT J AU Maul, JD Smiley, PC Cooper, CM AF Maul, JD Smiley, PC Cooper, CM TI Patterns of avian nest predators and a brood parasite among restored riparian habitats in agricultural watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural watershed; avian nest predators; brown-headed cowbird; Mississippi; riparian habitat; stream restoration ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; CYANOCITTA-CRISTATA; HARDWOOD FOREST; QUAIL EGGS; SUCCESS; POPULATION; LANDSCAPE; SONGBIRDS; BIRDS AB In fragmented edge-dominated landscapes, nest predation and brood parasitism may reduce avian reproductive success and, ultimately, populations of some passerine species. In the fragmented agroecosystem of northwest Mississippi, placement of drop-pipe structures has been used as a restoration technique for abating gully erosion along stream banks. These actions have formed small herbaceous and woody habitat extensions into former agricultural lands. We quantified species relative abundances, species richness, and evenness of avian nest predators and a brood parasite within four categories of constructed habitat resulting from drop-pipe installation. Differences in the abundance of two nest predators, cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) and blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), were observed among constructed habitats. However, relative abundances of other predators such as common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and the obligate brood parasite brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) did not differ among four habitat categories. Although species richness, abundance, and evenness of potential nest predators were generally similar among the constructed habitats, predator species composition varied, suggesting that these habitats supported different predator communities. This difference is important because as each predator species is added to or deleted from the community, variation may occur in the framework of prey search methods, predator strategies, and potentially overall predation pressure. We suggest that land managers using drop-pipes as part of stream restoration projects allow for the development of the constructed habitat with the largest area and greatest vegetative structure. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Maul, JD (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jmaul@siu.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-3962-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 964LE UT WOS:000231881800008 PM 16160783 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W Moser, WK AF Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W Moser, WK TI Survival analysis for a large-scale forest health issue: Missouri oak decline SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE hazard function; life-table; Missouri; oak decline; survival analysis ID BUDWORM OUTBREAK; TREE MORTALITY; GROWTH; DEATH; MODEL AB Survival analysis methodologies provide novel approaches for forest mortality analysis that may aid in detecting, monitoring, and mitigating of large-scale forest health issues. This study examined survivor analysis for evaluating a regional forest health issue - Missouri oak decline. With a statewide Missouri forest inventory, log-rank tests of the effects of covariates on the survivor function and equality of the survivor function among classes were conducted for selected oak species. Additionally, hazard functions were determined for diameter classes for damaged and undamaged oaks. Results indicate that mortality appears to vary significantly among some inventory classes such as oak species, but not among other classes such as ownership class. Indicators of individual tree vigor (i.e., crown class and ratio) were more significant predictors of oak tree mortality than site/stand attributes (i.e., density and aspect). Finally, results indicate that even fast-growing oak trees are at high risk of mortality if damaged by disease. Survival analyses, such as those applied in this study, may enable testing of forest health hypotheses using large-scale inventories. In the context of Missouri's oak forest decline, study results suggest management efforts should focus on limiting the spread of disease damage, increasing the vigor of residual trees, and emphasizing small trees when developing stand prescriptions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-4330-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 964LE UT WOS:000231881800018 PM 16160793 ER PT J AU Bennett, ER Moore, MT Cooper, CM Smith, S Shields, FD Drouillard, KG Schulz, R AF Bennett, ER Moore, MT Cooper, CM Smith, S Shields, FD Drouillard, KG Schulz, R TI Vegetated agricultural drainage ditches for the mitigation of pyrethroid-associated runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE drainage ditches; bifenthrin; lambda-cyhalothrin; aquatic plants; mitigation ID OUTDOOR EXPERIMENTAL DITCHES; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; AQUATIC PLANTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PEAT AREAS; FATE; WETLAND; INSECTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; PESTICIDES AB Drainage ditches are indispensable components of the agricultural production landscape. A benefit of these ditches is contaminant mitigation of agricultural storm runoff. This study determined bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin (two pyrethroid insecticides) partitioning and retention in ditch water, sediment, and plant material as well as estimated necessary ditch length required for effective mitigation. A control led-release runoff simulation was conducted on a 650-m vegetated drainage ditch in the Mississippi Delta, USA. Bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were released into the ditch in a water-sediment slurry. Samples of water, sediment, and plants were collected and analyzed for pyrethroid concentrations. Three hours following runoff initiation, inlet bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin water concentrations ranged from 666 and 374 mu g/L, respectively, to 7.24 and 5.23 mu g/L at 200 m downstream. No chemical residues were detected at the 400-m sampling site. A similar trend was observed throughout the first 7 d of the study where water concentrations were elevated at the front end of the ditch (0-25 m) and greatly reduced by the 400-m sampling site. Regression formulas predicted that bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations in ditch water were reduced to 0.1% of the initial value within 280 m. Mass balance calculations determined that ditch plants were the major sink and/or sorption site responsible for the rapid aqueous pyrethroid dissipation. By incorporating vegetated drainage ditches into a watershed management program, agriculture can continue to decrease potential non-point source threats to downstream aquatic receiving systems. Overall results of this study illustrate that aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the retention and distribution of pyrethroids in vegetated agricultural drainage ditches. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Res Inst, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Zool, D-38092 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, D-76829 Landau, Germany. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM mtmoore@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Schulz, Ralf/G-3674-2011 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 37 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2121 EP 2127 DI 10.1897/04-357R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 957AJ UT WOS:000231341300002 PM 16193737 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Campbell, BC Ok, YS Kim, JH Park, BS Liu, NN AF Lee, SE Campbell, BC Ok, YS Kim, JH Park, BS Liu, NN TI Biochemical changes in dehydrogenase, hydroxylase and tyrosinase of a permethrin-resistant strain of housefly larvae, Musca domestica L. SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE housefly; permethrin resistance; aflatoxin B-1 dehydrogenase; 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase; tyrosinase ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SODIUM-CHANNEL; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION; SILVANIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DROSOPHILA; MUTATIONS AB In the present study, a permethrin-resistant strain (ALHF) of housefly was used to understand some enzymic changes in normal biosynthetic pathways after insecticide selection. Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) as a natural substrate was used to verify the changes on the level of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and oxido-reductase activities in the ALHF strain compared to an insecticide-susceptible strain, aabys. ALHF yielded three major biotransformation products: aflatoxin B-2a (AFB(2a)), aflatoxin M, (AFM(1)), and aflatoxicol (AFL) by larvae. These principal products were also found in aabys. AFL production rate of ALHF larvae was 5-fold lower than that of aabys. Differences between ALHF larvae and aabys in AFM(1) production were found. ALHF did not differ significantly from aabys in A,AFB(2a). production. The levels of 17 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 alpha- and beta-HSD) were also determined to elucidate which type of dehydrogenase activities could be changed. The cytosolic fraction of ALHF larvae yielded about 2-fold higher 17 alpha-estradiol than that of aabys larvae. In contrast, the microsomal fraction of ALHF larvae produced about 2-fold lower amount of 17 alpha-estradiol than that of aabys larvae. The production rate of microsomal fraction of 17 beta-estradiol ALHF larvae yielded 3-fold lower than that of aabys larvae. Inhibition studies on 17 alpha-HSD and 17 beta-HSD activities by pyrethroid insecticides showed that there was no inhibition by pyrethroids on the enzyme activity. Therefore, there seems to be no changes on the enzyme structures. Changes on enzyme expression may occur in ALHF larvae in relation to 17 alpha- or beta-HSD. To assess biochemical changes of the cuticle formation phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase and tyrosinase activities were determined. The production rate of tyrosine from phenylalanine in ALHF was about 2-fold higher for larvae than that in aabys. (L)-(dihydroxylphenyl)alanine (DOPA) content was determined in larvae and ALHF possessed 1.6-fold larger amounts of DOPA than aabys. Tyrosinase activity of ALHF larval preparations showed 1.6-fold higher than aabys. In summary, many enzymic changes were found in ALHF strain compared to aabys strain and these changes may be resulted from the permethrin selection. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USDA ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Div Environm Biol, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM selpest@snu.ac.kr OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956; Ok, Yong Sik/0000-0003-3401-0912 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.10.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 961QK UT WOS:000231676700002 PM 21783598 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Janssen, I AF Castaneda, C Janssen, I TI Ethnic comparisons of sarcopenia and obesity in diabetes SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Congress of the International-Academy-of-Nutrition-and-Aging CY JUL, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Int Acad Nutr & Aging DE body composition; chronic disease; type 2 diabetes ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-RISK; WHITE; WOMEN AB Objective: To examine the association between obesity and low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control, and to determine whether these associations varied by ethnicity. Design, Setting, Participants: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used (5,727 adults, 40-74 years of age: 26% Mexican Americans, 25% non-Hispanic Blacks, and 49% non-Hispanic Whites). Main Outcome Measures: Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle [SM(kg)/ height(m(2))] < 1 standard deviation below the young adult mean. Obesity was defined as waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 40% higher in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic Blacks or Whites (P <.05). The lowest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia were observed in Mexican Americans (except for obesity in women). Independent of ethnicity, subjects with a high waist circumference were more likely to have diabetes and poor glycemic control (P <.05). These associations were strongest in non-Hispanic Whites. Conversely, sarcopenia was not associated with diabetes or poor glycemic control in any ethnic group. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest in Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Whites exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia. The role of genetically based, ethnic differences in body composition and diabetes risk needs to be taken into account when developing clinical guidelines such as the waist circumference cutpoints used in this study. C1 Tufts Univ, Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Commun Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON, Canada. RP Castaneda, C (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM carmen.sceppa@tufts.edu RI Janssen, Ian/B-7700-2009 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 664 EP 670 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 975SR UT WOS:000232682700019 PM 16259491 ER PT J AU Carithers, T Dubbert, PM Crook, E Davy, B Wyatt, SB Bogle, ML Taylor, HA Tucker, KL AF Carithers, T Dubbert, PM Crook, E Davy, B Wyatt, SB Bogle, ML Taylor, HA Tucker, KL TI Dietary assessment in African Americans: Methods used in the Jackson Heart Study SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE African Americans; calibration study; diet; Jackson Heart Study ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; NHANES-III; HYPERTENSION; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; WOMEN; MEN AB Objectives: The dietary assessment methods used in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) with the entire cohort and a subset of the cohort who participated in a diet and physical activity substudy (DPASS) are reported. These methods were employed to validate culturally explicit data collection instruments developed by Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (NIRI) for assessing dietary intake in an all African-American cohort. Design: A validation/calibration design was employed. A short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used with all JHS participants (N=5302). A long FFQ and four 24-hour diet recalls were used for the subset of DPASS participants (n=449). Outcome Measures: Completion rates and preliminary macronutrient intakes are reported for the cohort and DPASS methods. Results: Participants (5302) in the JHS full cohort completed the short FFQ. Of these, 572 were enrolled in the DPASS. A total of 506 participants completed four 24-hour dietary recalls, and 499 completed all six measures, including the long FFQ. Validation of dietary instruments in African Americans will help assure that valid conclusions can be drawn regarding the effects of diet on cardiovascular disease in this population. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Oxford, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Examinat Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Montgomery Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Med, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Carithers, T (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, 106 Lenoir Hall,POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM carither@olemiss.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 SU 6 BP S49 EP S55 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 986HG UT WOS:000233440100006 ER PT J AU Fufa, H Baenziger, PS Beecher, BS Dweikat, I Graybosch, RA Eskridge, KM AF Fufa, H Baenziger, PS Beecher, BS Dweikat, I Graybosch, RA Eskridge, KM TI Comparison of phenotypic and molecular marker-based classifications of hard red winter wheat cultivars SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE bread wheat; genetic diversity; Triticum aestivum ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; STORAGE PROTEINS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; COEFFICIENTS; GERMPLASM; PARENTAGE; QUALITY; POLYMORPHISM AB Genetic diversity is the basis for successful crop improvement and can be estimated by different methods. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic diversity of 30 ancestral to modern hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars adapted to the Northern Great Plains using pedigree information, morphological traits (agronomic measurements from six environments), end-use quality traits (micro-quality assays on 50 g grain or milled flour samples for the six environments), and molecular markers (seed storage proteins separated using SDS-PAGE, 51 SSRs, and 23 SRAP DNA markers), and to determine the relationships of genetic distance estimates obtained from these methods. Relationships among diversity estimates were determined using simple (Pearson) and rank (Spearman) correlation coefficients between distance estimates and by clustering cultivars using genetic-distances for different traits. All methods found a wide range in genetic diversity. The genetic distance estimates based on pedigree had the highest values due to possible over-estimation arising from model assumptions. The genetic diversity estimates based on seed storage protein were lowest because they were the major determinants of end-use quality, which is a highly selected trait. In general, the diversity estimates from each of the methods were positively correlated at a low level with the exceptions of SRAP diversity estimates being independent of morphologic traits (simple correlation), SDS-PAGE, and SSR diversity estimates (rank correlation). However, SSR markers, thought to be among the most efficient markers for estimating genetic diversity, were most highly correlated with seed storage proteins. The procedures used to accurately estimate genetic diversity will depend largely upon the tools available to the researcher and their application to the breeding scheme. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Fufa, H (reprint author), Monsanto Crop Genet Res Stn, 2135 W Lincoln, Olivia, MN 56277 USA. EM fufa.h.birru@monsanto.com RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 46 TC 78 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2005 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-0626-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 977ZH UT WOS:000232841500015 ER PT J AU White, JW Hoogenboom, G AF White, JW Hoogenboom, G TI Integrated viewing and analysis of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental data with "GenPhEn arrays" SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; data visualization; environment; modeling; plant breeding; phenotype; statistical analysis ID PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE; SEED SIZE; CROP; MODEL; MICROARRAYS; GROWTH; SYSTEM; GENOME; WHEAT; YIELD AB A recurring challenge in agronomic research is how to interpret large data sets that combine information on genotypes, phenotypes and environments. High-resolution color graphics offer the possibility of presenting such data as pseudo-maps or arrays, where x- and y-coordinates represent genotypes and environments, and the z-values represent phenotypic data using dots or other symbols and an appropriate color scheme to indicate the range of values. This paper describes use of such "GenPhEn arrays" with data from three studies: a survey of leaf thickness in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines, a multi-location trial of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines and a simulation analysis for response of common bean to increased air temperature. By standardizing the phenotypic values, the genotypic and environmental effects can be easily viewed and better comprehended, especially when presented in multi-trait arrays. The arrays allow presenting large amounts of data (i.e., 5000 data points or more) in a compact and readily interpretable fashion. Appending symbols to indicate levels of significance of specific effects or to characterize genotypes or environments can further assist interpretation and hypothesis generation. It is expected that GenPhEn arrays can be used by plant breeders, agronomists and others to rapidly examine large sets of data for patterns that merit further study using more quantitative approaches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jwhite@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 170 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2004.11.005 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 963ZW UT WOS:000231846400007 ER PT J AU Gordon, SA Lominadze, D Saari, JT Lentsch, AB Schuschke, DA AF Gordon, SA Lominadze, D Saari, JT Lentsch, AB Schuschke, DA TI Impaired deformability of copper-deficient neutrophils SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE inflammation; MIP-2; F-actin ID MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-2; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE; RATS; EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINES; MICROCIRCULATION; SEQUESTRATION AB We have previously shown that dietary copper deficiency augments neutrophil accumulation in the lung microvasculature. The current study was designed to determine whether a diet deficient in copper promotes neutrophil chemoattraction within the lung vasculature or if it alters the mechanical properties of the neutrophil, thus restricting passage through the microvessels. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets that were either copper adequate (6.3 mu g Cu/g diet) or copper deficient (0.3 mu g Cu/g diet) for 4 weeks. To assess neutrophil chemoattraction, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assayed for the neutrophil chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil deformability was determined by measuring the pressure required to pass isolated neutrophils through a 5-mu m polycarbonate filter. The MIP-2 concentration was not significantly different between the dietary groups (Cu adequate, 435.4 +/- 11.9 pg/ml; Cu deficient, 425.6 +/- 14.8 pg/ml). However, compared with controls, more pressure was needed to push Cu-deficient neutrophils through the filter (Cu adequate, 0.150 +/- 0.032 mm Hg/sec; Cu deficient, 0.284 +/- 0.037 mm Hg/sec). Staining of the filamentous actin (F-actin) with FITC-Phalloidin showed greater F-actin polymerization and shape change in the Cu-deficient group. These results suggest that dietary copper deficiency reduces the deformability of neutrophils by promoting F-actin polymerization. Because most neutrophils must deform during passage from arterioles to venules in the lungs, we propose that copper-deficient neutrophils accumulate in the lung because they are less deformable. C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, A1115, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM daschu0l@louisville.edu OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK55030] NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 230 IS 8 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 959OE UT WOS:000231526700005 PM 16118404 ER PT J AU Palic, D Andreasen, CB Menzel, BW Roth, JA AF Palic, D Andreasen, CB Menzel, BW Roth, JA TI A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophils; fish; degranulation assay; fathead minnow ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CHANNEL CATFISH; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RAINBOW-TROUT; LEUKOCYTES; SEPARATION; RESPONSES; FISH AB A direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. The assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. The assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (CaI), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), aqueous solution of beta-glucan (MGAQ) and zymosan (Z) with and without cytochalasin B (cyto B) as stimulants of degranulation; determining the kinetics of primary granule exocytosis and detecting changes in degranulation when fish were exposed to stress and anaesthesia with MS-222. The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222. Therefore, the MPO assay is capable of detecting important differences that may occur in degranulation of fathead minnow kidney nentrophil primary granules and in total neutrophil myeloperoxidase content. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palic, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dulep@iastate.edu RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009; Palic, Dusan/C-9500-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X; Palic, Dusan/0000-0002-2980-821X NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.12.003 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 920SS UT WOS:000228711000003 PM 15820123 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP AF Ferkovich, SM Shapiro, JP TI Enhanced oviposition in the insidious flower bug, orius insidiosus (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) with a partially purified nutritional factor from prey eggs SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Orius insidiosus; Ephestia kuehniella; predator; artificial diet; oviposition; prey eggs; proteins ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; ARTIFICIAL DIET; DIAPETIMORPHA-INTROITA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CELL LINE; PENTATOMIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; THYSANOPTERA; THRIPIDAE; QUALITY AB The insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say), can be maintained on a minimal artificial diet composed of brewers yeast, soy protein hydrolysate and chicken yolk. However, egg production is poor even though the level of protein in the diet exceeds the amount consumed by adults that are fed insect eggs and have higher levels of egg production. We therefore fractionated eggs of the almond moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller by preparative isoelectric focusing and bioassayed the resultant fractions in test diets. Ovipositional rates were evaluated using a short 1-week bioassay. Adult predators were placed on the diets the third day after eclosion, allowed to feed for six days, and then provided with an oviposition substrate for 24 h on day seven. Egg production significantly increased only in a fraction with an isoelectric point of pH 5. SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of several Commassie blue-stained bands; however, the nature of the factor is unknown. These results point to a fecundity factor required by females of O. insidiosus for egg laying that potentially may be used to supplement artificial diets for Orius species by commercial producers of beneficial insects. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0253:EOITIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500002 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW AF Mankin, RW TI Entomological website usage patterns SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Internet; world wide web; search engine ID INTERNET; IMPACT; WEB; INFORMATION; SCIENCE AB Usage patterns of entomological research websites were examined to assess their current roles as information resources. A 5-year review of logfiles at three Florida entomological research websites indicated that usage has increased since 1999 and that visitors increasingly have taken advantage of Internet search engines to find pages with high information content. Websites provide opportunities for dissemination of information (for example, in sound files or databases) that is difficult to include in traditional refereed publications. Given the rapid growth of website usage, research organizations may wish to consider formal procedures for vetting such information. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0285:EWUP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500006 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Hight, SD Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA AF Bloem, S Hight, SD Carpenter, JE Bloem, KA TI Development of the most effective trap to monitor the presence of the cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE population monitoring; trapping; trap design; invasive species; opuntia ID FALL ARMYWORM; PHEROMONE TRAPS; NOCTUIDAE; CAPTURE; DESIGN; STERILITY; OPUNTIA; FLORIDA AB Various trap specifications were evaluated to identify the most effective trap for capturing wild male Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg). All traps were baited with virgin female C cactorum and, except for the first comparison of trap type, a standard wing trap was used in all experiments. Although wing traps captured more males than did the other trap types (delta or bucket), the differences were not significant. However, significantly higher numbers of males were captured in wing traps placed 2 m above ground than traps at 1 m or 0.5 m, and wing traps baited with four virgin females caught significantly more males than wing traps baited with a single female. Differences in number of males captured by young and old females were not significant, but more than twice as many males were captured in traps baited with one-day-old females than traps baited with four day old females. In addition, there were no significant differences in number of males caught in unpainted, white, wing traps and wing traps painted one of eight different colors (flat white, black, dark green, fluorescent green, yellow, fluorescent yellow, orange, or blue), although, more males were captured in the unpainted wing traps. The results presented here suggest that the best trap currently available to monitor C. cactorum is a standard (unpainted) wing trap, placed at a height of 2.0 m aboveground, and baited with four newly emerged females. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. USDA, ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Florida A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0300:DOTMET]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500008 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E TI Influence of diet and methyl eugenol on the mating success of males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; oriental fruit fly; diet; methyl eugenol; mating behavior ID FLIES DIPTERA; DACUS-DORSALIS; ADULT DIET; MASS; LONGEVITY; SELECTION; CRICKET; WILD AB The chief objective of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of protein in the adult diet influences male mating success in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Previous studies on this species have shown that ingestion of methyl eugenol (ME) greatly enhances male mating performance. Accordingly, we also examined the interaction between adult diet and ME and investigated whether this chemical boosts the male mating success independent of diet. In trials conducted in field tents, we compared the mating frequency of control, protein-fed males (no ME) versus males (1) deprived of protein during the entire adult life, the pre-maturation period, or the post-maturation period and (2) not provided ME or provided ME 1 day before testing. Males deprived of protein completely or when immature (1-12 days old) obtained very few matings (< 5% total matings) with or without ME feeding. Males provided protein as immature adults but deprived of protein as mature adults (> 12 days old; no ME) also were competitively inferior to control males but achieved a significantly higher proportion (37%) of total matings than males in the preceding treatments. ME exposure boosted the mating success of these males slightly (40% of total matings) such that their mating frequency was not significantly different from control males. Additional tests showed that for treated males fed protein their entire adult life short-term (30 h) food deprivation resulted in a significant decrease in mating success, and feeding on ME did not boost the mating frequency of the food-deprived males. The implications of our findings for controlling B. dorsalis via sterile male releases are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0307:IODAME]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500009 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Chini, SR Kendra, PE AF Arbogast, RT Chini, SR Kendra, PE TI Infestation of stored saw palmetto berries by Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) and the host paradox in stored-product insects SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE development; saw palmetto; stored-product insects; almond moth ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE; POPULATION-GROWTH; ADULTS; EGGS; PHYCITIDAE; FLORIDA; CAROBS; WALKER AB The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), is a common storage pest known to infest a wide range of dried plant materials, and it has been recorded from a warehouse in Florida during storage of dried passion-flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) and dried saw palmetto berries Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small. Its status as a pest of stored saw palmetto was confirmed by trapping in a second warehouse used solely for storage of this commodity. The moth occurred in high numbers, captures were closely associated with stacks of bagged berries, and trap catch was very low after the stacks were consolidated under a tarp and fumigated. Yet the results of laboratory rearing on saw palmetto suggested that C. cautella has little ability to infest this commodity-development was protracted and highly variable in duration, mortality was high, and pupal weight was low. This sort of contradiction in host suitability, which we refer to as the "host paradox," may be widespread among stored-product insects but has seldom been reported and almost never studied. Published reports suggest that the solution lies partly in dietary supplementation through fungivorous, saprophagous, or carnivorous feeding, although more subtle factors also are suggested. Even cursory observations of the host paradox should be reported to document frequency of occurrence and perhaps stimulate studies directed toward solutions. Such studies would inevitably provide better understanding of population dynamics, which would, in turn, lend support to better management of insects in commercial storage situations. C1 Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, ARS, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0314:IOSSPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500010 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Pereira, R AF Sivinski, J Pereira, R TI Do wing markings in fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) have sexual significance? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE sexual selection; mate choice; sexual signal; insect vision; Bombyliidae; courtship; crypsis ID SPIDER PREDATORS; MATING SYSTEM; FLY; BOMBYLIIDAE AB The patterned wings of tephritid fruit flies often are moved in complex manners during sexual encounters. However, there are few cases of sexual dimorphism, and wing movements also may occur in non-sexual contexts. There was no evidence that enhancing or obliterating the patterns on the wings of male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), had any effect on their sexual success. There is convergence in wing patterns with another Dipteran family, the distantly related Bombyliidae. Additional studies of mating systems with this family might illuminate the significance of similar wing patterns in tephritids. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0321:DWMIFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500011 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Lynn, DE AF Ferkovich, SM Lynn, DE TI Enhanced egg laying in adult predators fed artificial diet supplemented with an embyonic cell line derived from eggs of Ephestia kuehniella zeller (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Baltimore, MD 20705 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0329:EELIAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 976WF UT WOS:000232763500014 ER PT J AU Poelmans, S De Wasch, K Noppe, H Van Hoof, N Van Cruchten, S Le Bizec, B Deceuninck, Y Sterk, S Van Rossum, HJ Hoffman, MK De Brabander, HF AF Poelmans, S De Wasch, K Noppe, H Van Hoof, N Van Cruchten, S Le Bizec, B Deceuninck, Y Sterk, S Van Rossum, HJ Hoffman, MK De Brabander, HF TI Endogenous occurrence of some anabolic steroids in swine matrices SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE swine; steroids; tissue levels; 17 beta-nortestosterone; norandrostenedione; 17 beta-boldenone ID IDENTIFICATION; URINE; PIGS; 19-NORTESTOSTERONE; NORTESTOSTERONE; INTERSEXUALITY; BOLDENONE AB Following findings of 17 beta-19-nortestosterone (150-200 mu kg(-1)) in pigs of unspecified gender imported into the European Union, a study to determine steroid and hormone levels in swine from six age/gender categories (uncastrated 'old' boars, cryptorchids, one intersex, barrows, gilts and sows) was initiated. Indeed, for some hormones there has been a discussion about their being endo- or exogenous. Tissue and urine samples from swine from each of the six categories were obtained in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the USA. Samples were analysed in three laboratories. Quantitation was obtained for norandrostenedione, 19-nortestosterone and boldenone. The results give a well- documented overview of the status of the presence of these hormones in swine. The data illustrate that uncastrated ' old' boars produce the highest percentage of ` positive' matrices, followed by the cryptorchids. Concentrations in the matrices of the barrows and the gilts are lower. Also, sow matrices contain low amounts of nor-steroids. Furthermore, urine samples from an intersex pig contains a higher concentration of nortestosterone than sows and can therefore be suspected for illegal use of these hormones. Veterinarians taking samples in pig farms for the analysis of hormones need to be aware of the presence and concentrations of these substances in the different categories. C1 State Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Lab Chem Anal, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Morphol, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Ecole Natl Vet, LABERCA, F-44087 Nantes, France. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, Lab Food & Residue Anal, ARO,European Union CRL, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20054 USA. RP De Brabander, HF (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Res Grp Vet Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Lab Chem Anal, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM Hubert.DeBrabander@UGent.be RI Van Cruchten, Steven/C-7566-2015; OI Van Cruchten, Steven/0000-0002-3144-1840; LE BIZEC, Bruno/0000-0002-0600-5895 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 9 BP 808 EP 815 DI 10.1080/0265030500197805 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 968WU UT WOS:000232194500003 PM 16192067 ER PT J AU Eifert, JD Curtis, PA Bazaco, MC Meinersmann, RJ Berrang, ME Kernodle, S Stam, C Jaykus, LA Kathariou, S AF Eifert, JD Curtis, PA Bazaco, MC Meinersmann, RJ Berrang, ME Kernodle, S Stam, C Jaykus, LA Kathariou, S TI Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes of the serotype 4b complex (4b, 4d, 4e) from two turkey processing plants SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; GENETIC-MARKERS; STRAINS AB Most foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis have been found to involve a small number of closely related strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b. The ecology of these organisms and their reservoirs in nature or in the processing plant environment, however, remain poorly understood. Surveys of environmental samples from two turkey processing plants in the United States indicated presence of L. monocytogenes of the serotype 4b complex (serotype 4b and the closely related serotypes 4d and 4e). In addition, environmental and raw product samples from one plant repeatedly yielded isolates with genetic markers typical of two major serotype 4b epidemic clonal groups, ECI and ECII. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of these isolates, however, were clearly distinct from those of confirmed epidemic-associated strains. Furthermore, we observed minor but consistent differences in PFGE profiles of isolates that harbored ECI- or ECII-specific genetic markers, and that were obtained at different sampling times from the same plant. The findings suggest processing plant persistence (or repeated introductions) and genomic diversification of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b isolates that harbor ECI- or ECII-specific genetic markers. Such diversification would need to be taken into consideration in further efforts to elucidate the evolution and epidemiology of these organisms. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, CB 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM skathar@unity.ncsu.edu RI Bazaco, Michael/I-9026-2012 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.192 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RT UT WOS:000238251900003 PM 16156700 ER PT J AU Lu, LG Hume, ME Pillai, SD AF Lu, LG Hume, ME Pillai, SD TI Autoinducer-2-like activity on vegetable produce and its potential involvement in bacterial biofilm formation on tomatoes SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUORUM; COMMUNICATION; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; SIGNALS; PLANTS; FOODS; AL-2 AB Quorum sensing employing autoinducer molecules is a strategy used by bacterial populations to coordinately modulate their response to environmental stresses and host defense mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of autoinducer-2 (AI-2)-like activity on selected vegetable produce and determine whether AI-2-like molecules can promote E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation on tomatoes. Twelve different fruit and vegetable produce samples were screened for AI-2-like activity using autoinducer sensing V. harveyi biosensor strains. All samples except strawberries showed AI-2 activity albeit at varying levels, with eggplant having the highest levels. Tomatoes, when stored at VC for 9 days, showed increasing levels of heterotrophic bacterial populations as compared to AI-2-like activity levels, which fluctuated. Rinses from Roma tomato surfaces that were stored at refrigeration temperature for up to 9 days caused a significant increase (1.8-3.6-fold as compared to the negative controls) in biofilm formation by luxS mutant (non AI-2 producing) generic E. coli and E. coli O157:H strains using a micro-titer plate-based biofilm assay. These results suggest that AI-2-like activity, which is present on the surfaces of tomatoes, has the potential to enhance the production of bacterial biofilms. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Kleberg Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Kleberg Ctr, 418D,2472 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.242 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RT UT WOS:000238251900008 PM 16156705 ER PT J AU Eda, S Elliott, B Scott, MC Waters, WR Bannantine, JP Whitlock, RH Speer, CA AF Eda, S Elliott, B Scott, MC Waters, WR Bannantine, JP Whitlock, RH Speer, CA TI New method of serological testing for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) by flow cytometry SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CROHNS-DISEASE; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; FECAL CULTURE; DAIRY-CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; TUBERCULOSIS; SPECIFICITY AB Johne's disease (JD) or paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases of livestock and wild ruminants worldwide. Attempts to control JD have proven inordinately difficult due to low levels of sensitivity by currently available diagnostic tests, which are also incapable of detecting prepatent MAP infections. In the present work, we describe the use of a flow cytometry method (FCM) for serological diagnosis of subclinical and clinical JD in cattle. The FCM was capable of distinguishing MAP-infected from MAP-non-infected cattle as well as MAP from M. scrofulaceum and M. avium subsp. avium. Results of the FCM were compared to that of a commercially available ELISA using 82 serum samples from JD-positive and JD-negative dairy and beef cattle farms that were separated into the following groups: (1) sera from a JD-free farm; (2) sera from JD-positive farms that had tested negative by ELISA; and (3) sera from JD-positive farms that tested JD-positive by ELISA. The FCM found that groups 1-3 were 6.6%, 73.3%, and 97.3% positive for MAP infections, respectively. By using 30 fecal culture-negative samples from a JD-free farm and 21 fecal culture-positive samples from JD-positive farms, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the FCM were calculated to be 95.2% and 96.7%, respectively. A retrospective study of 10 JD-positive cows showed that the FCM detected MAP infections 6-44 months earlier than the fecal culture test. Further, the FCM specifically detected MAP infections in serum samples as early as 170 days after experimental inoculation of calves with MAP and did not react with calves inoculated with other mycobacteria. Production of IgG against MAP was detected by FCM in all the calves inoculated with MAP 240 days after inoculation, whereas positive anti-MAP IgG production was not detected in control calves or calves experimentally infected with M. avium subsp. avium or M. bovis. The FCM assay is rapid and is completed in less than 4 h. Moreover, the FCM is objective, technically easy and can be automated for handling large numbers of samples. This novel assay might form the basis of a highly sensitive and subspecies-specific test for the diagnosis of JD. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Speer, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, 373 Plant Biotech Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM caspeer@utk.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 250 EP 262 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.250 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RT UT WOS:000238251900009 PM 16156706 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Morrow, JL Johnson, AK Dailey, JW Wallace, FM Wagstrom, EA McGlone, JJ Lewis, AR Dowd, SE Poole, TL Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Byrd, JA Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Morrow, JL Johnson, AK Dailey, JW Wallace, FM Wagstrom, EA McGlone, JJ Lewis, AR Dowd, SE Poole, TL Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Byrd, JA Harvey, RB Nisbet, DJ TI Environmental prevalence and persistence of Salmonella spp. in outdoor swine wallows SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; FINISHING PIGS; ENTERICA; TYPHIMURIUM; HERDS; INFECTION; SLAUGHTER; CLONE; PORK AB Swine can harbor Salmonella in their gastrointestinal tracts. It has been estimated that up to 48% of the U.S. swine herd may carry Salmonella. Housing sows in farrowing stalls has become controversial due to animal welfare-based criticisms. An alternative production system is to keep sows outdoors on pasture with access to individual farrowing huts. This study was designed to determine the effects of two production systems on indicator bacteria and Salmonella of sows housed indoors in farrowing stalls (n = 52) compared to sows housed outdoors (n = 52) in English style huts. Each farrowing radial contained one wallow, from which mud (n = 290) and water (n = 290) samples were collected weekly. All samples were analyzed for generic E. coli, coliforms and Salmonella. No differences (p > 0.05) were detected in Salmonella, generic E. coli and coliform populations between indoor farrowing stalls and outdoor farrowing huts. However, all 8 outdoor wallows contained Salmonella spp. at some point during the study (n = 49 Salmonella isolates). Salmonella genotypes persisted within some wallows for >5 months, and genetically indistinguishable Salmonella isolates were found in multiple wallows. Salmonella isolated from outdoor sow feces were genetically indistinguishable by PFGE from Salmonella isolated from wallows (n = 33) throughout the study, indicating that pathogenic bacteria were cycling between swine and their environment. In conclusion, the role of wallows in disseminating Salmonella within an outdoor swine herd appears to be significant. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.263 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RT UT WOS:000238251900010 PM 16156707 ER PT J AU Thomas, J Hansen, E Brackley, AM AF Thomas, J Hansen, E Brackley, AM TI An assessment of educational needs in the Alaskan forest products industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Major changes in federal forest policy in Alaska have resulted in a dramatic downsizing of the state's forest industry. These changes have driven efforts for economic restructuring and improved support for Alaskan communities. The University of Alaska Sitka Forest Products program at the University of Alaska Southeast is one example of efforts to better support the Alaskan forest industry. In an effort to best target educational programs, an industry needs assessment was conducted. Despite the fact that the Alaskan forest industry is different in many ways from the industry in the lower 48 states, educational needs are quite similar to those previously identified in Oregon and Virginia. Generally, marketing and business topics were higher educational needs than traditional processing topics. C1 Beck Grp, Portland, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USFS Sitka Wood Utilizat Ctr, Sitka, AK USA. RP Thomas, J (reprint author), Beck Grp, Portland, OR USA. EM jont@beckgroupconsulting.com; Eric.Hansen2@oregonstate.edu; abrackley@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 966IV UT WOS:000232014200007 ER PT J AU Hernandez, R Winandy, JE AF Hernandez, R Winandy, JE TI Evaluation of a reduced section modulus model for determining effects of incising on bending strength and stiffness of structural lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A quantitative model is presented for evaluating the effects of incising on the bending strength and stiffness of structural dimension lumber. This model is based on the premise that bending strength and stiffness are reduced when lumber is incised, and the extent of this reduction is related to the reduction in moment of inertia of the bending members. Measurements of voids and damage caused by incisor teeth showed that actual incision depth was not always equal to nominal depth. For lumber with 660 incisions/ft(2), the actual depth of the incisions was approximately equal to the targeted nominal depth. However, for lumber with 800 incisions/ft(2), the actual depth of the incisions was approximately 65 percent of the targeted nominal depth. The amount of damaged wood below the incision was found to extend 1.38 to 2.18 times the depth of the void left by the incising process. Using these data as input, the reduced moment of inertia model predicted lumber bending strength loss resulting from incising to within 7 percent accuracy, on average. To predict lumber bending stiffness loss resulting from incising, a complementary virtual work method was used, which resulted in predictions that were accurate to within 1 percent, on average. It was then showed that bending strength and stiffness losses can be calculated for lumber of various sizes. Currently, the National Design Specification (NDS) publishes a single reduction factor for bending strength, which is applied to all sizes of structural lumber and to all incising densities, up to the maximum allowed. This factor is overly conservative for large members and does not account for various types of incisor tooth dimensions and incision densities. The reduced section modulus model presented here would provide the much needed adjustment to current NDS incising factors. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hernandez, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, US Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rhemandez@fs.fed.us; jwinandy@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 IS 9 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 966IV UT WOS:000232014200018 ER PT J AU Curran, MP Maynard, DG Heninger, RL Terry, TA Howes, SW Stone, DM Niemann, T Miller, RE Powers, RF AF Curran, MP Maynard, DG Heninger, RL Terry, TA Howes, SW Stone, DM Niemann, T Miller, RE Powers, RF TI An adaptive management process for forest soil conservation SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Forestry Congress CY SEP 21-28, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE soil disturbance; soil compaction; rutting; monitoring (implementation, effectiveness and validation); criteria and indicators; Montreal Process AB Soil disturbance guidelines should be based on comparable disturbance categories adapted to specific local soil conditions, validated by monitoring and research. Guidelines, standards, and practices should be continually improved based on an adaptive management process, which is presented in this paper. Core components of this process include: reliable monitoring protocols for assessing and comparing sod disturbance for operations, certification and sustainability protocols; effective methods to predict the vulnerability of specific soils to disturbance and related mitigative measures; and, quantitative research to build a database that documents the practical consequences of soil disturbance for tree growth and soil functions. C1 BC Minist Forests, Forest Sci Program, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. Canadian Forestry Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Weyerhaeuser Co, Springfield, OR 97478 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. BC Minist Forests, Forest Practices Branch, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Curran, MP (reprint author), BC Minist Forests, Forest Sci Program, 1907 Ridgewood Rd, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. EM mike.curran@gems5.gov.bc.ca; dmaynard@pfc.forestry.ca; ron.heninger@weyen-haeuser.com; tom.terry@weyerheauser.com; showes@fs.fed.us; Tom.Niemann@gems6.gov.bc.ca; millersoils@aol.com; rpowers@c-zone.net NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 717 EP 722 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 979VW UT WOS:000232974100033 ER PT J AU Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC Small, BC Wolters, WR AF Karsi, A Waldbieser, GC Small, BC Wolters, WR TI Genomic structure of the proopiomelanocortin gene and expression during acute low-water stress in channel catfish SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; pituitary; cloning; POMC; ACTH; cortisol; stress ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; LIPOTROPIN PRECURSOR GENE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; MOLECULAR-CLONING; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; INTERRENAL FUNCTION AB Proopioniclanocortin (POMC) is an important gene involved in the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is a precursor of several peptide hormones including adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormones, and P-endorphin. Our study aims to determine genomic structure and expression of POMC gene during temporal stress in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The catfish POMC gene consisting of three exons and two introns has a similar structural organization to that of other species. The catfish and mammalian POMC promoters do not exhibit regions of conservation except that of one TATA box. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated POMC is present as a single copy gene in the catfish genome. Real-time PCR allowed us to monitor temporal expression of the POMC mRNA in catfish pituitary during low-water stress. Plasma cortisol concentrations were also measured as an indicator of stress. Within 15 min after the onset of low-water stress, POMC mRNA expression was elevated 1.87-fold above the control value. The POMC mRNA level had declined after 30 min (1.29-fold) and 1 h (1.1-fold) at which time stress was removed. After I h recovery, a significant increase in the POMC mRNA expression was detected (2.44-fold, P < 0.05) followed by a decline 2 h later (1.52-fold) when the experiment was terminated. Plasma cortisol levels in stressed fish were significantly above the cortisol levels in control fish during stress application (t = 15 min, t = 30 min, and t = 1 h, P < 0.05), which then returned to normal during recovery. We conclude that POMC and cortisol are both involved in the low-water stress response during which cortisol may serve as a negative regulator of POMC expression in catfish. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Karsi, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM karsi@cvm.msstate.edu RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012; OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 2 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.03.005 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 954TS UT WOS:000231178400002 PM 16061068 ER PT J AU Jarvis, A Williams, K Williams, D Guarino, L Caballero, PJ Mottram, G AF Jarvis, A Williams, K Williams, D Guarino, L Caballero, PJ Mottram, G TI Use of GIS for optimizing a collecting mission for a rare wild pepper (Capsicum flexuosum Sendtn.) in Paraguay SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Capsicum; conservation; Ex situ; geographic information systems; habitat loss; in situ; Paraguay; plant genetic resources; principal components analysis; rare species; species distribution; wild pepper ID MODELS; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB This paper presents an effective method for prioritizing areas within a country for acquisition of germplasm of a crop gene pool for ex situ conservation. The method was applied to the rare wild pepper species, Capsicum flexuosum Sendtn., in south-east Paraguay. A model to prioritize areas for collecting germplasm was constructed by combining (1) a prediction of the species' geographic distribution based on the climate at previous collection points, (2) the distribution of forest margins (the species' natural habitat) and (3) areas accessible by road. The model was then tested in the field by visiting 20 sites having both high and low predicted probability of occurrence of C. flexuosum. Six new populations were found, representing a significant improvement over two previous collecting missions for the species in the same region, undertaken without the use of GIS targeting. Using the most optimistic analysis of model performance, C. flexuosum was found at five out of seven points predicted to harbour the species and not found at four of five points predicted not to harbour the species. The model was then improved by the use of higher resolution climate surfaces. It is recommended that future explorers use more recent and higher resolution satellite images to locate suitable habitats. The method is replicable for different species in different geographic regions and is offered as a means of optimizing efficiency in financially constrained, national plant genetic resources programs. C1 IPGRI, Cali, Colombia. CIAT, Cali 6713, Colombia. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jarvis, A (reprint author), IPGRI, Cali, Colombia. EM a.jarvis@cgiar.org NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s10722-003-6020-x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 985BL UT WOS:000233351000004 ER PT J AU Wu, XL MacNeil, MD De, S Xiao, QJ Michal, JJ Gaskins, CT Reeves, JJ Busboom, JR Wright, RW Jiang, ZH AF Wu, XL MacNeil, MD De, S Xiao, QJ Michal, JJ Gaskins, CT Reeves, JJ Busboom, JR Wright, RW Jiang, ZH TI Evaluation of candidate gene effects for beef backfat via Bayesian model selection SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE backfat; Bayesian analysis; beef; candidate genes; model selection ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; COA-DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ALLELIC NUMBER; FAT-CONTENT; ASSOCIATION; VARIANCE; IDENTITY; CATTLE; FAMILIES; DESCENT AB Candidate gene approaches provide tools for exploring and localizing causative genes affecting quantitative traits and the underlying variation may be better understood by determining the relative magnitudes of effects of their polymorphisms. Diacyglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), fatty acid binding protein (heart) 3 (FABP3), growth hormone 1 (GH1), leptin (LEP) and thyroglobulin (TG) have been previously identified as genes contributing to genetic control of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in beef cattle. In the present research, Bayesian model selection was used to evaluate effects of these five candidate genes by comparing competing non-nested models and treating candidate gene effects as either random or fixed. The analyses were implemented in SAS to simplify the programming and computation. Phenotypic data were gathered from a F-2 population of Wagyu x Limousin cattle. The five candidate genes had significant but varied effects on SFT in this population. Bayesian model selection identified the DGAT1 model as the one with the greatest model probability, whether candidate gene effects were considered random or fixed, and DGAT1 had the greatest additive effect on SFT. The SAS codes developed in the study are freely available and can be downloaded at: http://www.ansci.wsu.edu/programs/. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Natl Dairy Res Inst, Anim Biotechnol Ctr, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jiangz@wsu.edu RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008; MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X; NR 25 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD SEP PY 2005 VL 125 IS 1 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s10709-005-5255-1 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 966OO UT WOS:000232030300009 PM 16175458 ER PT J AU Price, NP Momany, FA AF Price, NP Momany, FA TI Modeling bacterial UDP-HexNAc: polyprenol-p HexNAc-1-P transferases SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE MraY; tunicamycin; undecaprenol; WecA; WbpL ID ACETYLMURAMYL-PENTAPEPTIDE-TRANSLOCASE; ENTEROBACTERIAL COMMON ANTIGEN; PEPTIDOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; FARNESYL-DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; NUCLEOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC MUREIDOMYCIN; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CELL-WALL PEPTIDOGLYCAN; 1ST MEMBRANE STEP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AB Protein N-glycosylation in eukaryotes and peptidoglycan biosynthesis in bacteria are both initiated by the transfer of a D-N-acetylhexosamine 1-phosphate to a membrane-bound polyprenol phosphate. These reactions are catalyzed by a family of transmembrane proteins known as the UDP-D-N-acetylhexosamine: polyprenol phosphate D-N-acetylhexosamine 1-phosphate transferases. The sole eukaryotic member of this family, the D-N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase (GPT), is specific for UDP-GlcNAc as the donor substrate and uses dolichol phosphate as the membrane-bound acceptor. The bacterial translocases, MraY, WecA, and WbpL, utilize undecaprenol phosphate as the acceptor substrate, but differ in their specificity for the UDP-sugar donor substrate. The structural basis of this sugar nucleotide specificity is uncertain. However, potential carbohydrate recognition (CR) domains have been identified within the C-terminal cytoplasmic loops of MraY, WecA, and WbpL that are highly conserved in family members with the same UDP-N-acetylhexosamine specificity. This review focuses on the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity of these bacterial UDP-D-N-acetylhexosamine: polyprenol phosphate D-N-acetylhexosamine I-P transferases and may provide insights for the development of selective inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov NR 107 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD SEP PY 2005 VL 15 IS 9 BP 29R EP 42R DI 10.1093/glycob/cwi065 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 957HI UT WOS:000231360500002 PM 15843595 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Hopper, KR Ode, PJ Fuester, RW Tuda, M Heimpel, GE AF Wu, Z Hopper, KR Ode, PJ Fuester, RW Tuda, M Heimpel, GE TI Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Braconidae; sex determination; haplo-diploidy; complementary sex determination; Heterospilus ID COTESIA-FLAVIPES CAMERON; PARASITOID WASP; DETERMINING ALLELES; FAMILY BRACONIDAE; HAPLO-DIPLOIDY; MATING SYSTEM; PHYLOGENY; HEBETOR; RATIO; REASSESSMENT AB In the haplodiploid Hymenoptera, haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs, receiving a single set of maternal chromosomes while diploid females arise from fertilized eggs and receive both maternal and paternal chromosomes. Under single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single locus. Sex locus heterozygotes develop as females, while hemizygous and homozygous eggs develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. Diploid males, which are inviable or sterile in almost all cases studied, are therefore produced in high frequency under inbreeding or in populations with low sex allele diversity. CSD is considered to be the ancestral form of sex determination within the Hymenoptera because members of the most basal taxa have CSD while some of the more derived groups have other mechanisms of sex determination that produce the haplo-diploid pattern without penalizing inbreeding. In this study, we investigated sex determination in Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck, a parasitoid from a relatively primitive subfamily of the Braconidae, a hymenopteran family having species with and without CSD. By comparing sex ratio and mortality patterns produced by inbred and outbred females, we were able to rule out sl-CSD as a sex determination mechanism in this species. The absence of sl-CSD in H. prosopidis was unexpected given its basal phylogenetic position in the Braconidae. This and other recent studies suggest that sex determination systems in the Hymenoptera may be evolutionary labile. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Inst Biol Control, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Heimpel, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM heimp001@umn.edu NR 50 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800720 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 958IS UT WOS:000231438500008 PM 16077738 ER PT J AU Allen, PM Harmel, RD Arnold, J Plant, B Yelderman, J King, K AF Allen, PM Harmel, RD Arnold, J Plant, B Yelderman, J King, K TI Field data and flow system response in clay (vertisol) shale terrain, north central Texas, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water budget; clay-vertisol; groundwater; recharge; lateral flow; FLOWTUBE ID GROUND-WATER RECHARGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BLACKLAND PRAIRIE; SOIL; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; HILLSLOPE; CRACKING AB The water budget in clay shale terrain is controlled by a complex interaction between the vertisol soil layer, the underlying fractured rock, land use, topography, and seasonal trends in rainfall and evapotranspiration. Rainfall, runoff, lateral flow, soil moisture, and groundwater levels were monitored over an annual recharge cycle. Four phases of soil-aquifer response were noted over the study period: (1) dry-season cracking of soils; (2) runoff initiation, lateral flow and aquifer recharge; (3) crack closure and down-slope movement of subsurface water, with surface seepage; (4) a drying phase. Surface flow predominated within the watershed (25% of rainfall), but lateral flow through the soil zone continued for most of the year and contributed I I% of stream flow through surface seepage. Actual flow through the fractured shale makes up a small fraction of the water budget but does appear to influence surface seepage by its effect on valley-bottom storage. When the valley soil storage is full, lateral flow exits onto the valley-bottom surface as seasonal seeps. Well response varied with depth and hillslope position. FLOWTUBE model results and regional recharge estimates are consistent with an aquifer recharge of 1.6% of annual precipitation calculated from well heights and specific yield of the shale aquifer. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Corrigan Consulting Inc, Houston, TX 77034 USA. USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allen, PM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM peter_allen@baylor.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 19 IS 14 BP 2719 EP 2736 DI 10.1002/hyp.5782 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 969CE UT WOS:000232210200005 ER PT J AU Shappell, NW Smith, DJ AF Shappell, NW Smith, DJ TI Ergovaline movement across Caco-2 cells SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE ergopeptine; fescue toxicosis; intestinal cells ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; IN-VITRO; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; IRON UPTAKE; ENDOPHYTE; CATTLE; TRANSPORT AB Ergovaline's role in the direct causation of fescue toxicosis first requires establishment of its dietary absorption. Therefore. ergovaline movement across human intestinal cells was assessed using Caco-2 cells derived from human colon carcinoma. A pre-equilibrated mixture of ergovaline/ergovalinine (60:40 ratio of isomers) was added to the apical compartment, and isomer movements were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracted media (initial pre-isomerized ergovaline concentrations of 6 and 22 two (loses). Mathematical models for ergot alkaloid movement were developed. Rates of movement were not different for the isomers. In the absence of cells, basal accumulation of isomers was essentially linear for 3 h regardless of loading concentration, after which basal accumulation of ergovaline/ergovalinine plateaued. Rates of ergovaline/ergovalinine movement in the presence of cells slowed to about 25% the rate of movement in the absence of cells (22 mu M, kt = 0.0133 no cells, 0.0036 with cells, P < 0.05). Mass transfer rate was 7.5 ng-cm(-2)-min(-1) and was similar to that reported for ergovalme using a parabiotic chamber with sheep omasum. After 6 h in the presence of cells, similar to 25 and 40% of the total ergovaline/ergovalinine administered had accumulated in the basal compartment for 6.6 and 22 mu M treatments, respectively. Ergovaline and its naturally occurring isomer, ergovalinine, readily crossed intestinal cells intact and at similar rates. Either isomer, or a combination of both, Could be involved in the pathogenesis of fescue toxicosis at sites distal to the intestine. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shappell, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shappeln@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8-9 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 002UX UT WOS:000234638400001 ER PT J AU McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Popham, HJR AF McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Popham, HJR TI AcMNPV in permissive, semipermissive, and nonpermissive cell lines from Arthropoda SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; gene expression; insect cell lines; red fluorescent protein ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HOST-RANGE EXPANSION; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; INSECT CELLS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BACULOVIRUS GENE; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Insect cell lines from Arthropoda represented by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Homoptera were evaluated for their ability to support replication of AcMNPV. In addition, some of the cell tines that were refractive to AeMNPV were tested with AeMNPV hsp70 Red, a recombinant carrying the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene, for their ability to express this protein after inoculation. Of the 10 lepidopteran cell lines tested, only three cell lines from Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AMJ), Lymantria dispar (IPLB-LD 65), and Cydia pomonella (CP-169) failed to support detectable viral replication as measured by tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay. Heliothis virescens (BCIRL-HV-AMI) produced the highest viral titer of 2.3 +/- 0.1. X 10(7) TCID50/ml followed by Heliothis subflexa (BCIRL-HS-AMI) at 4.7 +/- 0.1 X 10(6) TCID50/ml and Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21) at 4.1 +/- 0.1 X 10(6) TCID50/ml. None of the coleopteran, dipteran, or homopteran cell lines supported AcMNPV replication. However, when studies were performed using AeMNPV hsp70 Red, the dipteran cell lines Aedes aegypti (ATC-10) and Drosophila inelanogaster (line 2), both expressed the RFP as well as the refractive lepidopteran cell lines from H. zea and L. dispar. No RFP expression was observed in any of the coleopteran or homopteran cell lines. Cell lines refractive to AeMNPV did not appear to be adversely affected by the virus, as judged by their ability to multiply, nor was there any indication of induced apoptosis, as assessed by deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation profiles or cell blebbing, or both. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP McIntosh, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM mcintosha@missouri.edu NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8-9 BP 298 EP 304 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 002UX UT WOS:000234638400009 PM 16409117 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Mohamed, A Abbott, TP AF Harry-O'kuru, RE Mohamed, A Abbott, TP TI Synthesis and characterization of tetrahydroxyjojoba wax and ferulates of jojoba oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE diepoxyjojoba wax; hydroxyjojoba wax; vegetable oils; new crop oils; liquid wax ferulates; UV-absorption ID DOUBLE-BOND REGION; CHEMICAL-BINDING; LIQUID WAX; POLYHYDROXY TRIGLYCERIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILKWEED OIL; FUNCTIONALIZATION; MATRIX; ESTERS AB The new crop oil from jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a skin-softener similar to sperm whale oil. In an effort to find new uses of this oil, we have converted jojoba liquid wax into two new products in mild chemical processes. Tetrahydroxyjojoba wax (THJF) is a colorless, stable, low-melting solid and jojoba ferulate, an ultra violet (UV) absorbing species by esterification of the tetrahydroxy wax with trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid. The tetrahydroxyjojoba wax like the parent oil has no UV radiation absorbing property, but it is an excellent emollient. In contrast, the jojoba ferulate is a good UV absorber. Differential scanning calorimetry of the ferulate, its precursor, the tetrahydroxyjojoba wax, and the acetylated jojobafer-ulate derivatives indicate very stable properties from ambient to 100 degrees C temperature range. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM harryore@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.07.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 957KN UT WOS:000231368800003 ER PT J AU Bhardwaj, HL Webber, CL Sakamoto, GS AF Bhardwaj, HL Webber, CL Sakamoto, GS TI Cultivation of kenaf and sunn hemp in the mid-Atlantic United States SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Crotolaria juncea L; Hibiscus cannabinus L; nitrogen fertilization; crop diversification ID GROWTH; YIELD; FIBER AB Sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea L.), a legume plant, has potential in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. as a renewable source of fiber and pulp, due to its biological nitrogen fixation capability that can help reduce/eliminate N pollution of Chesapeake Bay. Most research in this region has focused on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and little is known about sunn hemp. We evaluated effects of three planting dates (late-May, mid-June, and late-June) and three row spacings (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m) on dry matter yields (DMY) of kenaf and sunn hemp during 1997, and 1998 by using three crop treatments (CT1: kenaf grown with 100 kg N ha(-1); CT2: sunn hemp grown without inoculation and with 100 kg N ha(-1); and CT3: sunn hemp inoculated with Bradyrhizobium but without N fertilization). DMY following CT1 and CT3 (7.8 and 6.4 Mg ha(-1), respectively) during 1997 were similar and greater than that following CT2 (5.7 Mg ha(-1)). However, DMY following CT1, CT2, and CT3 were similar in 1998 and ranged from 12.6 to 13.4 Mg ha(-1). Kenaf planting date did not affect DMY during 1997 but during 1998 the highest DMY was obtained from kenaf planted in late-May. The optimal planting date for sunn hemp during 1997 was mid-June, whereas in 1998 it was late-May. Row spacing effects on kenaf DMY were not significant. Row spacings of 0.3 in were optimal for DMY of N-fertilized sunn hemp during 1997 and 1998, whereas row spacing did not affect DMY of non-fertilized, but affected inoculated sunn hemp. We conclude that both kenaf and sunn hemp could produce similar dry matter yields in the mid-Atlantic region of U.S. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Hoolehua, HI 96729 USA. RP Bhardwaj, HL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM hbhardwj@vsu.edu NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.08.002 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 957KN UT WOS:000231368800006 ER PT J AU Wetzel, DM Schmidt, J Kuhlenschmidt, MS Dubey, JP Sibley, LD AF Wetzel, DM Schmidt, J Kuhlenschmidt, MS Dubey, JP Sibley, LD TI Gliding motility leads to active cellular invasion by Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; GONDII MYOSIN-A; HOST-CELL; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; TRANSEPITHELIAL MIGRATION; STAGE CONVERSION; GENE; VISUALIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; CYTOSKELETON AB We examined gliding motility and cell invasion by an early-branching apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum, which causes diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Real-time video microscopy demonstrated that C. parvum sporozoites undergo circular and helical gliding, two of the three stereotypical movements exhibited by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. C. parvum sporozoites moved more rapidly than T. gondii sporozoites, which showed the same rates of motility as tachyzoites. Motility by C parvum sporozoites was prevented by latrunculin B and cytochalasin D, drugs that depolymerize the parasite actin cytoskeleton, and by the myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Imaging of the initial events in cell entry by Cryptosporidium revealed that invasion occurs rapidly; however, the parasite does not enter deep into the cytosol but rather remains at the cell surface in a membrane-bound compartment. Invasion did not stimulate rearrangement of the host cell cytoskeleton and was inhibited by cytochalasin D, even in host cells that were resistant to the drug. Our studies demonstrate that C parvum relies on a conserved actin-myosin motor for motility and active penetration of its host cell, thus establishing that this is a widely conserved feature of the Apicomplexa. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20704 USA. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, Campus Box 8230, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM sibley@borcim.wustl.edu RI Sibley, L. David/C-4616-2008; OI Kuhlenschmidt, Mark/0000-0003-1196-0763; Wetzel, Dawn/0000-0002-3990-7043 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI044967-01A1, AI017172-19, R01 AI034036, AI34036]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5T32GM07200-30, T32 GM007200] NR 36 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 73 IS 9 BP 5379 EP 5387 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.9.5379-5387.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 958PK UT WOS:000231460000010 PM 16113253 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Neal, JJ Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, O Neal, JJ Shukle, RH TI Differential expression of two cytochrome P450 genes in compatible and incompatible Hessian fly/wheat interactions SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; wheat; cytochrome P450; gene expression; CYP6AZ1; CYP6BA1; midgut; RT-PCR ID FLY DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HOUSE-FLY; WHEAT; P450; EVOLUTION; LARVAE; ALLELOCHEMICALS AB We have recovered two Hessian fly cytochrome P450 cDNAs from an ongoing midgut EST project. CYP6AZ1 and CYP6BA1 represent two new subfamilies within the CYP6 family. The deduced amino acid sequences for CYP6AZ1 and CYP6BA1 show conserved structural and functional domains of insect P450s. Expression analysis with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that CYP6AZ1 is midgut specific and induced during active larval feeding, whereas CYP6BA1 was expressed in all tissues and developmental stages examined. Further expression analysis of CYP6AZ1 with RT-PCR in compatible and incompatible Hessian fly/wheat interactions Suggested that CYP6AZ1 may be required for larval feeding in compatible interactions. These results should lead to a better understanding of the Hessian fly/wheat interaction with emphasis on the larval midgut as a critical interface with its host plant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM omitt@purdue.edu; shukle@purdue.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.03.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 944NC UT WOS:000230434700003 PM 15978999 ER PT J AU Green, F Clausen, CA AF Green, F Clausen, CA TI Copper tolerance of brown-rot fungi: Oxalic acid production in southern pine treated with arsenic-free preservatives SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE brown-rot decay; copper-tolerant fungi; oxalic acid ID WOLFIPORIA-COCOS; WOOD AB The voluntary withdrawal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood from most residential applications has increased the use of non-arsenical copper-based organic wood preservatives. Because the arsenic component of CCA controlled copper-tolerant fungi, scientists have renewed interest in and concern about the decay capacity in the important copper-tolerant group of brown-rot fungi. We have demonstrated that the primary means of inactivating copper in preservatives is by excess production of oxalic acid (OA). Oxalic acid production is a key metabolic indicator of brown-rot decay, and our objective was to estimate the production of OA in five commercial or experimental arsenic-free preservatives. Ten aggressive brown-rot fungi, chosen from previous studies and representing the genera Antrodia, Coniophora, Gloeophyllum, Postia, Serpula, Tyromyces, and Wolfiporia, were tested against southern yellow pine (SYP) blocks that were vacuum-treated with ground contact retentions of copper naphthenate, amine copper azole, alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D), N,N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA), and copper borate in a 12-week soil-block test. After determination of block weight loss, blocks were also tested for the presence of OA. Weight loss ranged from 0.3% to 8.3% for treated blocks and from 16.4% to 59.6% for untreated controls. We conclude that SYP treated with these five preservatives limited OA production and prevented decay, and thus confirmed the efficacy of the co-biocides against copper-tolerant fungi. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Green, F (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fgreen@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 56 IS 2 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.04.003 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969KU UT WOS:000232233800001 ER PT J AU Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Waters, KR Palmer, MV Beitz, DC Fowler, MA Miller, BL Johnson, TE Perry, HB AF Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Waters, KR Palmer, MV Beitz, DC Fowler, MA Miller, BL Johnson, TE Perry, HB TI Effects of increased dietary protein and energy on composition and functional capacities of blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated, neonatal calves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE preruminant calf; cell-mediated immunity; milk replacer; Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin ID FED MILK REPLACER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; LEUKOCYTE POPULATIONS; POKEWEED MITOGEN; CALMETTE-GUERIN; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Effects of increased protein and energy provided by an intensified milk replacer on the antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response of the neonatal calf were examined. Calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/day of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) or intensified (1.14 kg/day of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) diet from 0 to 6 weeks of age. All calves were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 1 week of age. The daily weight gain of intensified-diet calves (0.62 kg/day) was greater than the weight gain of standard-diet calves (0.29 kg/day). Liver, kidney, heart, thymus, and subcervical lymph nodes from intensified-diet calves were heavier than the same organs from standard-diet calves. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations indicated that CD4(+) cells, gamma delta TCR+ cells, and monocyte percentages, although unaffected by diet during the first 5 weeks of the study, were higher in intensified-diet calves at week 6. The decline in gamma delta TCR+ cell percentages and increase in B cell percentages with increasing age seen in all calves are characteristic of the maturing immune system of the calf. CD8(+) T cell or B cell percentages were not affected by diet. In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4(+) expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. The same populations in standard-diet calves did not change with time. Percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. Although mitogen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma; and nitric oxide (NO) secretion increased with age for all calves, PBMC from intensified-diet calves produced less IFN-gamma and more NO than did cells from standard-diet calves at week 6 of the study. Antigen-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and NO also increased with age but was unaffected by diet. Antigen-elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity was unaffected by diet, suggesting increased dietary protein and energy did not alter adaptive immunity in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that feeding calves a commercially available, intensified milk replacer affects minimally the composition and functional capacities of PBMC populations. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these subtle effects influence the calf's susceptibility to infectious disease. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Nutr Physiol Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Land O Lakes Inc, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Land O Lakes Inc, Webster City, IA 50595 USA. EM bnonneck@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 75 IS 5 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.75.5.357 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 008QJ UT WOS:000235055500008 PM 16477768 ER PT J AU Liu, WZ Hu, MJ Li, FM Zhang, XC AF Liu, WZ Hu, MJ Li, FM Zhang, XC TI Ecological characteristics of soil water and its relations to landform and vegetation in a small semiarid watershed in a Loess hilly area of China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological environment of soil water; dry soil layer; farming with rainwater harvesting technology; Gansu Province; Loess Plateau ID PLATEAU AB There is an urgent need to study soil water resources and eco-hydrological characteristics in depth so as to carry forward ecological environmental construction in the Loess Plateau. Soil moisture was measured to a depth of 5 m on 11 sites with different landforms and land uses in a transect of the Zhonglianchuan watershed during 2002. The watershed is located in the northern Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, and is part of a semiarid and loess hilly area. There were different types of soil moisture variations in 2002 on the 11 sites. Soil moisture contents were low on all sites, and the average water contents at 2 to 5-m depth were usually lower than 10% by weight, and the lowest water contents were found in slope land under Medicago sativa and Caragana korshinskii vegetation. The dry soil layer is common in this area, not only under planted vegetation but also under natural vegetation. The soil moisture in a slope segment or area can be increased by collecting and harvesting surface runoff from upslope areas. One effective way to collect runoff is by constructing level terraces, alternating with sloping lands. The proportion of various grasslands, acreage of alfalfa, and sustainable development of the region should be further studied in order to successfully convert cultivated land into grassland. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Yangling, Peoples R China. NW Normal Univ, Coll Geog & Environm Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Lanzhou Univ, Coll Life Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Liu, WZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM wzliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn OI Li, Feng-Min/0000-0002-2144-3498 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAPIENS PUBLISHING PI DUMFRIESSHIRE PA DUNCOW, KIRKMAHOE, DUMFRIESSHIRE, DG1 1TA, ENGLAND SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977GG UT WOS:000232790500010 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Davis, RE Lee, IM AF Zhao, Y Davis, RE Lee, IM TI Phylogenetic positions of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' and Spiroplasma kunkelii as inferred from multiple sets of concatenated core housekeeping proteins SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; UNIVERSAL TREE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CLUSTAL-X; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; GENOME; MYCOPLASMAS; MOLLICUTES AB Phytopathogenic mollicutes, which include spiroplasmas and phytoplasmas, are cell wall-less bacteria that parasitize plant hosts and insect vectors. Knowledge of the evolution of these agents is important in understanding their biology. The availability of the first complete phytoplasma. and several partial spiroplasma and phytoplasma genome sequences made possible an investigation of evolutionary relationships between phytopathogenic mollicutes and other micro-organ isms, especially Gram-positive bacteria, using a comparative genomics approach. Genome data from a total of 41 bacterial species were used in the analysis. Sixty-one conserved proteins were selected from each species for the construction of a hypothetical phylogenetic tree. The genes encoding these selected proteins are among a core of genetic elements that constitute a hypothetical minimal genome. The proteins were concatenated into five superproteins according to their functional categories, and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using distance, parsimony and likelihood methods. Phylogenetic trees based on the five sets of concatenated proteins were congruent in both clade topology and relative branching length. Spiroplasma kunkelii and phytoplasmas clustered together with other mollicutes, forming a monophyletic group. Phytoplasmas diverged from spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas at early stages in the evolution of mollicutes. Branch lengths on the phylogenetic trees were noticeably longer in the Mollicutes clade, suggesting that the genes encoding the five sets of proteins evolved at a greater rate in this clade than in other clades. This observation reinforces the concept that mollicutes have rapidly evolving genomes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhaoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 55 BP 2131 EP 2141 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63655-0 PN 5 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 969MZ UT WOS:000232239600062 PM 16166721 ER PT J AU Futter, CE Crowston, JG Allan, BDS AF Futter, CE Crowston, JG Allan, BDS TI Interaction with collagen IV protects lens epithelial cells from Fas-dependent apoptosis by stimulating the production of soluble survival factors SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR CAPSULE OPACIFICATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; C-FLIP; MATRIX; LIGAND; DEATH; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION; MODULATION AB PURPOSE. To investigate the sensitivity of lens epithelial cells ( LECs) to Fas- dependent apoptosis and to determine the role of interaction with the extracellular matrix ( ECM) in the regulation of Fas- dependent apoptosis. METHODS. Sensitivity to Fas- mediated apoptosis of primary human LECs and HLE- B3 LECs cultured on different substrates was determined by Hoechst staining after incubation with Fas- stimulating or control IgM. Fas expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Effects of varied cell density and conditioned media from HLE- B3 cells cultured on different substrates on the Fas sensitivity of HLE- B3 cells cultured on tissue culture ( TC) plastic were determined. RESULTS. Primary LECs cultured as free- floating anterior capsulotomy specimens were resistant to Fas- dependent apoptosis. The LE cell line, HLE- B3, was sensitive to Fas- dependent apoptosis when cultured on TC plastic but not on lens capsule. Culture on collagen IV, but not on laminin, rendered HLE- B3 cells resistant to Fas- dependent apoptosis, although Fas was still expressed. Primary LECs cultured on TC plastic after migration from lens capsule explants were resistant to Fas- dependent apoptosis if the lens capsule and attached cells were still present, but not if the lens capsule had been removed. Conditioned medium from LECs cultured on collagen IV, but not TC plastic, protected cells cultured on TC plastic from Fas- dependent apoptosis. The protective effect of culture on collagen IV diminished with decreasing cell density. CONCLUSIONS. LECs are protected from Fas- dependent apoptosis by interaction with collagen IV. Soluble factors released by the LECs cultured on collagen IV protect LECs from Fas- dependent apoptosis. C1 UCL, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, London EC1V 9EL, England. USDA, Hamilton Glaucoma Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Moorfields Eye Hosp, London, England. RP Futter, CE (reprint author), UCL, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, England. EM c.futter@ucl.ac.uk FU Wellcome Trust NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3256 EP 3262 DI 10.1167/iovs.05-0086 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 959AH UT WOS:000231488800033 PM 16123427 ER PT J AU Kingston, SK Dussault, CA Zaidlicz, RS Faltas, NH Geib, ME Taylor, S Holt, T Porter-Spalding, BA AF Kingston, SK Dussault, CA Zaidlicz, RS Faltas, NH Geib, ME Taylor, S Holt, T Porter-Spalding, BA TI Evaluation of two methods for mass euthanasia of poultry in disease outbreaks SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern-United-States-Animal-Health-Association CY MAY, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP SO United States Anim Hlth Assoc ID SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; ARGON; HENS; ANESTHESIA; CHICKENS; TURKEYS; OXYGEN; HUMANE C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Anim Care & Vet Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Anim Ind, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Kingston, SK (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Anim Care & Vet Serv, 920 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 5 BP 730 EP 738 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.730 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 961DK UT WOS:000231641900037 PM 16178394 ER PT J AU Sidwa, TJ Wilson, PJ Moore, GM Oertli, EH Hicks, BN Rohde, RE Johnston, DH AF Sidwa, TJ Wilson, PJ Moore, GM Oertli, EH Hicks, BN Rohde, RE Johnston, DH TI Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995-2003 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; TEXAS AB Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention efforts to halt 2 wildlife rabies epizootics from 1995 through 2003, including 9 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for coyotes and 8 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for gray foxes. Design-Retrospective study. Animals-98 coyotes during prevaccination surveillance and 963 coyotes and 104 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in south Texas, and 699 gray foxes and 561 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in west-central Texas. Procedures-A recombinant-virus oral rabies vaccine in edible baits was distributed by aircraft for consumption by coyotes and gray foxes. Bait acceptance was monitored by use of microscopic analysis of tetracycline biomarker in upper canine teeth and associated bone structures in animals collected for surveillance. Serologic responses were monitored by testing sera for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The incidence of rabies in the distribution area was recorded via active and passive surveillance activities; tracking of rabies virus variants in confirmed rabid animals was used to determine the number and type of rabies cases before and after distributions of the vaccine. Results-The expansion of both epizootics was halted as a result of the vaccine bait program. The number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the domestic dog-coyote rabies virus variant in south Texas declined to 0, whereas the number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the Texas fox rabies virus variant in west-central Texas decreased. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Data indicated that oral rabies vaccination resulted in protective immunity in a sufficient percentage of the target wildlife population to preclude propagation of the disease and provided an effective means of controlling rabies in these species. C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Zoonosis Control Grp, Austin, TX 78756 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. SW Texas State Univ, Clin Sci Lab, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Johnston Biotech, Sarnia, ON N7V 3B5, Canada. RP Wilson, PJ (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Zoonosis Control Grp, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 5 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.785 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 961DK UT WOS:000231641900046 PM 16178403 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON McManus, ML AF Johnson, DM Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON McManus, ML TI Circumpolar variation in periodicity and synchrony among gypsy moth populations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect outbreaks; Lymantria dispar; periodicity; spatial synchrony; wavelet analysis ID SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; FOREST LEPIDOPTERA; TRAVELING-WAVES; INSECT POPULATIONS; BUDWORM OUTBREAKS; NORTH-AMERICA; SNOWSHOE HARE; DYNAMICS; CYCLES; LYMANTRIIDAE AB 1. Previous studies of insect dynamics have detected spatial synchrony in intraspecific population dynamics up to, but not exceeding, 1000 km. Oddly, interspecific synchrony has recently been reported at distances well over 1000 km (at continental and circumpolar scales). While the authors implicated climatic effects as the cause for the apparent large-scale interspecific synchrony, there is no evidence that weather data are synchronized over such great distances. 2. In the present study, intraspecific circumpolar synchrony in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was tested for among 11 regions across three continents (North America, Europe and Asia). Analyses indicate that most gypsy moth populations around the world tend to oscillate at periodicities between 8 and 12 years. 3. These oscillations were synchronized at distances up to c. 1200 km within continents. There was no evidence for intraspecific synchrony of gypsy moth populations between continents. 4. We suggest that previous reports of interspecific synchrony among insects at scales much greater than 1000 km may suffer from spurious correlations among oscillating populations. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dmj10@psu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; NR 56 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 74 IS 5 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00980.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 960RY UT WOS:000231612100009 ER PT J AU White, SN Casas, E Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M Riley, DG Chase, CC Johnson, DD Keele, JW Smith, TPL AF White, SN Casas, E Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M Riley, DG Chase, CC Johnson, DD Keele, JW Smith, TPL TI A new single nucleotide polymorphism in CAPN1 extends the current tenderness marker test to include cattle of Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbred descent SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; CAPN1; cattle; genetic markers; meat tenderness; shear force ID ESTIMATED GENETIC-PARAMETERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CARCASS COMPOSITION; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; PALATABILITY TRAITS; MEAT TENDERNESS; BRAHMAN CATTLE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATIONS; GROWTH AB The three objectives of this study were to 1) test for the existence of beef tenderness markers in the CAPN1 gene segregating in Brahman cattle; 2) test existing CAPN1 tenderness markers in indicus-influenced crossbred cattle; and 3) produce a revised marker system for use in cattle of all subspecies backgrounds. Previously, two SNP in the CAPN1 gene have been described that could be used to guide selection in Bos taurus cattle (designated Markers 316 and 530), but neither marker segregates at high frequency in Brahman cattle. In this study, we examined three additional SNP in CAPN1 to determine whether variation in this gene could be associated with tenderness in a large, multisire American Brahman population. One marker (termed 4751) was associated with shear force on postmortem d 7 (P < 0.01), 14 (P = 0.015), and 21 (P < 0.001) in this population, demonstrating that genetic variation important for tenderness segregates in Bos indicus cattle at or near CAPNI. Marker 4751 also was associated with shear force (P < 0.01) in the same large, multisire population of cattle of strictly Bos taurus descent that was used to develop the previously reported SNP (referred to as the Germplasm Evaluation [GPE] Cycle 7 population), indicating the possibility that one marker could have wide applicability in cattle of all subspecies backgrounds. To test this hypothesis, Marker 4751 was tested in a third large, multisire cattle population of crossbred subspecies descent (including sire breeds of Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, Romosinuano, Hereford, and Angus referred to as the GPE Cycle 8 population). The highly significant association of Marker 4751 with shear force in this population (P < 0.001) confirms the usefulness of Marker 4751 in cattle of all subspecies backgrounds, including Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and crossbred descent. This wide applicability adds substantial value over previously released Markers 316 and 530. However, Marker 316, which had previously been shown to be associated with tenderness in the GPE Cycle 7 population, also was highly associated with shear force in the GPE Cycle 8 animals (P < 0.001). Thus, Marker 316 may continue to be useful in a variety of populations with a high percentage of Bos taurus backgrounds. An optimal marker strategy for CAPN1 in many cases will be to use both Markers 316 and 4751. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 14 TC 108 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2001 EP 2008 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OZ UT WOS:000235847900003 PM 16100054 ER PT J AU Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Martinez, GE Koch, RM Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic parameters for stayability, stayability at calving, and stayability at weaning to specified ages for Hereford cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; longevity; selection ID CATTLE; PROBABILITY; POPULATION; SELECTION; FEMALES AB Genetic parameters for stayability to six ages (ST1,., ST6), for five measures of stayability to calving (SC2,..., SC6), and for five measures of stayability to weaning (SW2,..., SW6), were estimated using records of 2,019 Hereford cows collected from 1964 to 1979 from a selection experiment with a control line and three lines selected for weaning weight, yearling weight, and an index of yearling weight and muscle score. The model included birth year of the cow as a fixed effect and the cow's sire as a random effect. Analyses were performed with 1) a generalized linear mixed model for binary data using a probit link with a penalized quasi-likelihood function, and 2) with a linear mixed model using REML. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing weighted means of estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) of sires by birth year of their daughters on birth year. Environmental trends were estimated by regressing solutions for year of birth on birth year. Estimates of heritability (SE) for ST were between 0.09 (0.08) and 0.30 (0.14) for threshold model and between 0.05 (0.04) and 0.19 (0.09) for linear model. Estimates of heritability from linear model analyses transformed to an underlying normal scale were between 0.09 and 0.35. Estimates of heritability (SE) for SC were between 0.29 (0.10) and 0.39 (0.11) and between 0.18 (0.09) and 0.25 (0.08) with threshold and linear models. Estimates of heritability transformed to an underlying normal scale were between 0.30 and 0.40. Estimates of heritability (SE) for SW were between 0. 2 1 (0.14) and 0.47 (0.19) and between 0.12 (0.08) and 0.26 (0.12) with threshold and linear models, respectively. Estimates of heritability transformed to an underlying normal scale were between 0.21 and 0.50. Estimates of genetic and environmental trends for all lines were nearly zero for all traits. Correlations between ETA of sires for stayability to specific ages, for stayability to calving, and for stayability to weaning with threshold and linear models ranged from 0.09 to 0.82, from 0.68 to 0.90, and from 0.67 to 0.87, respectively. Selection for stayability would be possible in a breeding program and could be relatively effective as a result of the moderate estimates of heritability, which would allow selection of sires whose daughters are more likely to remain longer in the herd. Selection for weaning and yearling weights resulted in little correlated response for any of the measures of stayability. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2033 EP 2042 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OZ UT WOS:000235847900006 PM 16100057 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Porcine preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation: A role for leptin? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipocyte; cell culture; differentiation; leptin; proliferation ID INDUCED ADIPOSE APOPTOSIS; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; BODY-WEIGHT; IN-VITRO; CELLS; INSULIN; TISSUE; ADIPOCYTES; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB The present study was designed to determine whether porcine leptin can alter the proliferation and differentiation of the porcine preadipocyte. The stromal vascular cell fraction of neonatal pig s.c. adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. For differentiation studies, cells were seeded on six-well tissue culture plates and proliferated to confluency in 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum TBS) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12; 50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2.5% pig serum (vol/vol) and recombinant porcine leptin at concentrations of 0 to 1,000 ng/mL alone or in combination with porcine insulin (100 nM), dexamethasone (1 mu M), or IGF-1 (250 ng/mL). After 7 d of lipid filling, cultures were harvested for analysis of sn-glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The GPDH and LPL activities are measures of preadipocyte differentiation. Data were corrected for protein content of the cultures. For proliferation experiments, 24 h after seeding cells with 10% FBS in DMEM/F12 in 25-cm(2) tissue culture flasks, cells were switched to 5% FBS and supplemented with 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin or 1,000 ng of murine leptin. Cell proliferation was measured by H-3-thymidine incorporation in preconfluent cultures over 24 h on d 4 of culture. At confluency, cells were switched to a medium to promote differentiation and lipid filling (2.5% pig serum, 100 nM insulin, 1 mu M dexamethasone) for 7 d. Cells were harvested from the flasks and adipocytes were separated from stromal. cells by Percoll gradient centrifugation. In a series of experiments, leptin alone or in combination with insulin, dexamethasone, or IGF-I did not affect differentiation as measured by the activity of GPDH and LPL. Leptin at any concentration did not inhibit differentiation induced by insulin, dexamethasone, or IGF-1; however, leptin at 1,000 ng/mL stimulated a 30% increase in preadipocyte proliferation (P = 0.007; n = 6) and a 27% increase in stromal cell proliferation (P < 0.001; n = 6). These results indicate that, at most, porcine leptin may contribute to the recruitment of new adipocytes within the adipose tissue. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tramsay@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2066 EP 2074 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OZ UT WOS:000235847900010 PM 16100061 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Severiano, H Mussard, ML Fitzpatrick, LA D'Occhio, MJ Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD Kinder, JE AF Jimenez-Severiano, H Mussard, ML Fitzpatrick, LA D'Occhio, MJ Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD Kinder, JE TI Testicular development of Zebu bulls after chronic treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GATA-binding protein 4; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; male sexual function; sertoli cells; testis development; Zebu cattle ID BEEF BULLS; TESTOSTERONE SECRETION; SPERM PRODUCTION; IRRADIATED RATS; HOLSTEIN BULLS; SERTOLI-CELLS; YOUNG BULLS; SPERMATOGENESIS; TESTIS; AGE AB The objective was to compare testis characteristics of Zebu bulls treated with the GnRH agonist, deslorelin, at different times and for different durations during their development. An additional objective was to determine the usefulness of a stain for the transcription factor GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4) as a specific marker for Sertoli cell nuclei in cattle. Bulls (54) were allocated to nine groups (n = 6) and received s.c. deslorelin implants as follows: G1 = from birth to 3 mo of age; G2 = from 3 to 6 mo; G3 = from 6 to 9 mo; G4 = from 9 to 12 mo; G5 = from birth to 15 mo; G6 = from 3 to 15 mo; G7 = from 6 to 15 mo; G8 = from 12 to 15 mo; and G9 (control) = no implant. Bulls were castrated at 19 mo of age. Paraffin sections (10 mu m) were subjected to quantitative morphometry and GATA-4 immunohistochemistry. At castration, all bulls in the control group (6/6) had attained puberty (scrotal circumference ! 28 cm), whereas a smaller proportion (P < 0.05) had reached puberty in G2 (2/5) and G6 (1/ 6). Bulls in G2 and G6 also had a lesser (P < 0.05) testis weight compared with the control group. Total volume of seminiferous epithelium and total daily sperm production in G2 and G6 were only half that observed in the control group. Spermatids were observed in less than 50% of seminiferous tubules in G2, G6, and G7 compared with 82% in the control group (P < 0.05). Staining for GATA-4 was specific for and abundant in the Sertoli cell nucleus in both pre- and postpubertal bulls, and no other cell nucleus inside the seminiferous tubule was positive for GATA-4. Total number of Sertoli cells was not affected by treatment (P = 0.45), but nuclear volume was smaller in G2 and G6 (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. In conclusion, treatment of Zebu bulls with deslorelin had no apparent beneficial effect on testis development and delayed puberty when treatment was initiated at 3 mo of age. Staining for GATA-4 was a useful method for identifying and quantifying Sertoli cell nuclei in both pre- and postpubertal bulls. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. James Cook Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kinder, JE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kinder.15@osu.edu NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2122 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OZ UT WOS:000235847900015 PM 16100066 ER PT J AU Kent, MP Veiseth, E Therkildsen, M Koohmaraie, M AF Kent, MP Veiseth, E Therkildsen, M Koohmaraie, M TI An assessment of extraction and assay techniques for quantification of calpain and calpastatin from small tissue samples SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopsy; calpain; calpastatin; lamb; microassay; quantification ID OVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MEAT TENDERNESS; GROWTH-RATE; CALLIPYGE; PROTEASES; LAMB AB Our objective was to evaluate whether small (biopsy-sized) samples could be used to measure calpain and calpastatin activities in skeletal muscle. The accuracy of different separation and assay methods for the quantification of calpains and calpastatin from small (1.0 and 0.2 g) skeletal muscle samples was tested. In Exp. 1, the LM was removed from six lambs, and a 50-g subsample was processed using the reference method (DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and casein assay). Subsamples (1.0 and 0.2 g) also were processed using the two-step separation (1 mL DEAE-Sephacel and bulk elution using 200 and 400 mM NaCl) and heated calpastatin methods; in both cases, fractions were assayed with Bodipy-labeled and [C-14]-labeled casein microassays. Finally, casein zymography was used to separate and quantify the calpain proteases from 1.0 and 0.2-g samples. The values obtained after processing the 50-g sample using the reference method were judged most accurate, and the alternative approaches were compared with these. For each extraction and assay approach, we considered: 1) the effect of the sample size on the mean activity; 2) increased or decreased variation of data; and 3) the correlation relative to the reference method. Where possible, we compared the ratio of calpain to calpastatin activities determined using the alternative approaches with the ratios found using the reference method. These methodologies were further investigated in Exp. 2, where single homogenates from different tissues (heart, spleen, lung, and muscle) were assayed using the alternative approaches. Experiment I established that most of the approaches suffered from poor correlations and/or unacceptable variation. By using a large, homogenous sample in Exp. 2, however, we determined that this error was not due to the methodologies themselves. Therefore, the unacceptable variation found in Exp. 1 resulted from the small sample size, and we recommend that large tissue samples (e.g., 50 g) should be used for calpain and calpastatin activity measurements in skeletal muscle instead of small tissue biopsies (e.g., 0.2 and 1.0 g). C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, N-1432 As, Norway. Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM koohmaraie@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2182 EP 2188 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019OZ UT WOS:000235847900023 PM 16100074 ER PT J AU Lee, J Durst, RW Wrolstad, RE AF Lee, J Durst, RW Wrolstad, RE TI Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD ORANGE JUICES AB This collaborative study was conducted to determine the total monomeric anthocyanin concentration by the pH differential method, which is a rapid and simple spectrophotometric method based on the anthocyanin structural transformation that occurs with a change in pH (colored at pH 1.0 and colorless at pH 4.5). Eleven collaborators representing commercial laboratories, academic institutions, and government laboratories participated. Seven Youden pair materials representing fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines were tested. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) varied from 1.06 to 4.16%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 2.69 to 10.12%. The HorRat values were:<= 1.33 for all materials. The Study Director recommends that the method be adopted Official First Action. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, PWA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab Worksite, PWA, 29603 Univ Idaho Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jlee@uidaho.edu; bob.durst@oregonstate.edu; ron.wrolstad@oregonstate.edu RI Giusti, Maria/B-3367-2012; Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 24 TC 479 Z9 532 U1 15 U2 127 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1278 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974GG UT WOS:000232578700003 PM 16385975 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS AF Sobolev, VS TI Determination of ionization constant (pKa) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Log P) of cyclopiazonic acid SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; METRIC LOG; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; POTENTIOMETRIC METHODS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; GLASS-ELECTRODE; TOMATO PRODUCTS; MYCOTOXIN; CHEESE; PHASE AB The ionization constant (pK(a)) and the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of the important mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were determined by means of potentiometric titration, and the lipophilicity profile (log D) was calculated. Under the experimental conditions, pK(a) of CPA = 2.97 +/- 0.09, log P = 3.83 +/- 0.10, and log D at pH 7.4 = -0.58. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1370 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 974GG UT WOS:000232578700012 PM 16385984 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA AF Dozier, WA TI Growth and meat yield responses of male broilers provided feeds subjected to postmix grinding during a 41-day production period SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; feed manufacturing; particle size; pellet quality ID CORN PARTICLE-SIZE; PERFORMANCE; DIETS AB Pellet quality influences cumulative BW and feed conversion of meat birds. Particle size reduction of grain affects the integrity of pellets. Postmix grinding is a feed manufacturing process used to improve particle size uniformity. This procedure grinds all the ingredients after mixing but before the diet enters the pellet mill. This study evaluated the effects of postmix grinding on pelleting parameters and live performance responses and processing yields of male broilers. Two treatments were used: 1) control feed that was manufactured under standard procedures and 2) feed subjected to postmix grinding prior to the conditioning and pelleting process. All feeds were manufactured in a commercial mill. Feed subjected to postmix grinding had improved pellet durability index and a greater percentage of pellets than feed manufactured with conventional grinding. Broilers provided feed subjected to postmix grinding consumed less feed and had improved feed conversion, but the amounts of carcass parts were similar between treatments. Future research should determine if postmix grinding is economically feasible based on improved live performance responses of broilers vs. energy usage incurred with operating postgrinders. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QD UT WOS:000234476200003 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hill, SM Zumwalt, CD Robinson, EH Dozier, WA AF Kidd, MT Corzo, A Hill, SM Zumwalt, CD Robinson, EH Dozier, WA TI Growth and meat yield responses of broilers provided feed subjected to extrusion cooking SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; feed processing; extrusion ID PERFORMANCE; DIETS AB Rapid growth and breast meat accretion are genetic traits that are continually enhanced in modern commercial broiler strains. It is generally assumed that the nutrient content of the diet should be increased to meet this heightened genetic potential so that production time to market is reduced. In addition to increasing the nutrient utilization of the diet, the process by which feed is conditioned and its subsequent particle size can affect the feed intake and nutrient utilization of a bird. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing on early growth of broiler chicks. Cobb male broilers were placed in floor pens at 1 d of age and fed experimental diets to d 17 in experiment 1 and d 42 in experiment 2. Feed processing treatments represented feed fed as mash or crumble form after pelleting or extruding. Although results from extrusion cooking were inconsistent, extrusion cooking and conventional steam pelleting of feed resulted in improved broiler BW and carcass weights in comparison with birds fed the same diets in mash form. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 536 EP 541 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QD UT WOS:000234476200010 ER PT J AU Rasekh, J Thaler, AM Engeljohn, DL Pihkala, NH AF Rasekh, J Thaler, AM Engeljohn, DL Pihkala, NH TI Food Safety and Inspection Service policy for control of poultry contaminated by digestive tract contents: A review SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE contamination; poultry contamination; regulatory policy; reprocessing ID AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; FECAL CONTAMINATION; FEED WITHDRAWAL; BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE; SALMONELLA; CARCASSES; CAMPYLOBACTER; CROPS; WATER AB This paper discusses policy changes from 1957 to present that the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has made regarding handling of poultry carcasses that were accidentally contaminated by feces or ingesta during slaughter and processing. Since 1957, FSIS has reevaluated its position in light of new scientific evidence on methods for handling contaminated poultry. The FSIS will continue to make scientifically supported changes that are consistent with Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. Prior to 1978, contamination was removed solely by knife trimming. In 1978, FSIS changed the regulations to allow reprocessing at special stations away from the main processing line. Several scientific studies demonstrated that the microbial quality of reprocessed product was comparable to carcasses remaining on the main processing line. Since 1996, FSIS has been actively reforming regulations to make them consistent with the Agency's HACCP system regulatory approach to meat, poultry, and egg processing. Control of poultry contamination by digestive tract contents is one of several regulatory standards that have used a visible product standard. The visual absence of feces or ingesta serves as an indirect measure of microbial safety for at least the risk from pathogens likely to be present in visible digestive tract contents. The FSIS strives to base regulatory reform on the best science available. Changes in processing methods, such as reprocessing poultry on the main processing line to remove feces and ingesta, have been allowed because they were shown to improve the microbiological safety of poultry products. Such changes are tested prior to implementation to ensure that they are consistent with the goal of protecting public health. C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Thaler, AM (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM alice.thaler@fsis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 603 EP 611 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QD UT WOS:000234476200020 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Arias, CR Klesius, PH Welker, TL AF Shoemaker, CA Arias, CR Klesius, PH Welker, TL TI Technique for identifying Flavobacterium columnare using whole-cell fatty acid profiles SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; BACTERIAL SYSTEMATICS; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE AB Isolates of Flavobacterium columnare (29 from diseased fish and three American Type Culture Collection cultures [ATCC 23463, 49512, 43622]) were identified by use of biochemical characteristics prior to generating whole-cell fatty acid profiles. The microbial identification system (MI5; Microbial ID, Newark, Delaware), a gas chromatography system, was used to generate the fatty acid profiles of F. columnare. The MIS contains databases of clinically and environmentally important bacteria that are represented by over 100 genera, including Flavobacterium spp. (F. aquatile [ATCC 11947] and F. mizutaii). Flavobacterium columnare is not included in the databases because it does not grow on standard media. Fatty acid profiles of F. columnare were generated with the CLIN40 protocol established by MIS after growth of the bacteria in modified Shieh broth. The fatty acid composition of F. columnare isolates determined by the CLIN40 method consisted of 10 major fatty acids (those present at levels > 1%): 11-methyl-dodecanoic acid (13:0 iso [the term "iso" designates the methyl group at the penultimate carbon atom]), 13-methyl tetradecenoic acid isomer G (15:1 iso G), 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 iso), 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 anteiso [the term "anteiso" designates the methyl group at the third carbon atom from the end]), pentadecanoic acid (15:0), 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (16:0 iso), 3-hydroxy-13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (15:0 iso 3OH), 15-methyl cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (iso 17:1 omega 9c), 3-hydroxy14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (16:0 iso 3OH), and 3-hydroxy-15-methyl hexadecanoic acid (17:0 iso 3OH) (94.8% of profile). Five fatty acids found in the highest percentages from all isolates (CLIN40 method) included 15:1 iso G (16.12%), 15:0 iso (46.54%), 15:0 iso 3OH(6.81%), iso 17:1 tu9c (7.32%), and 17:0 iso 3OH (9.42%). Fatty acid profiles were also established by means of the MIS rapid protocol (RCLN50) in which identifications can be completed in 7 min instead of 20 min. Fatty acids found in the highest percentages for the RCLN50 protocol included 15:1 iso G (15.36%), 15:0 iso (43.03%), 15:0 iso 3OH (7.43%), iso 17:1 omega 9c (6.83%), and 17:0 iso 3OH (10.17%). Both methods will allow reliable identification of F. columnare. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 0952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM cshoemaker@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1577/H04-034.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 962CK UT WOS:000231708400009 ER PT J AU Duval, BD Jackson, E Whitford, WG AF Duval, BD Jackson, E Whitford, WG TI Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland: relations between microsite and heteromyid rodent (Dipodomys spp.) impact SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE banner-tail kangaroo rats; black-grama grasslands; Bouteloua eriopoda; fire; germination; heteromyid rodents; mesquite; Prosopis glandulosa ID KANGAROO RAT MOUNDS; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; DESERT-GRASSLAND; COMPETITION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; SHRUBLAND; GRANIVORY; DENSITY; HISTORY AB We conducted experiments to examine microsite and rodent influence on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in Chihuahuan Desert black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland. Simulated caches with mesquite seeds were placed in undisturbed grassland, burned grassland patches with reduced grass cover, and on the periphery of kangaroo rat mounds. Rodent access to cached seeds was controlled by covering half of the caches with mesh domes. Kangaroo rats destroyed citing pats containing scarified mesquite seeds and excavated all seeds in simulated caches during a year in which no grasses or forbs set seed. Germination was the highest ill unburned grassland, but over-winter survival was only observed across experiments in burned grassland microsites. A large proportion of seed caches were excavated (1.1-5.5% of the rodent-excluded caches and between 15.6% and 21.1% of the control caches). There were seasonal differences in numbers of emergent seedlings, with a peak in September 2002 following late summer rains. There were no significant differences in numbers of germinants in burned and unburned grassland microsites, but significantly Fewer mesquite seeds germinated on banner-tail kangaroo rat Mounds. Caches excavated by rodents yielded 46.6% of germinants. This Study suggests that scarification of mesquite seeds is not necessary for germination and heteromyid rodents may be responsible for increased mesquite density in grasslands with some mature mesquite plants. The data also suggest that competition between mesquite seedlings and grasses in black-grama grassland is weak because of the physical characteristics of this system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. Elmendorf AFB, Titan Corp, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Duval, BD (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM bduval@nmsu.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 541 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.01.012 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 938FQ UT WOS:000229985700002 ER PT J AU Matson, EG Thompson, MG Humphrey, SB Zuerner, RL Stanton, TB AF Matson, EG Thompson, MG Humphrey, SB Zuerner, RL Stanton, TB TI Identification of genes of VSH-1, a prophage-like gene transfer agent of Brachyspira hyodysentetiae SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; METHANOCOCCUS-VOLTAE; MITOMYCIN-C; BACTERIOPHAGE; PURIFICATION AB VSH-1 is a mitomycin C-inducible prophage of the anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Purified VSH-1 virions are noninfectious, contain random 7.5-kb fragments of the bacterial genome, and mediate generalized transduction of B. hyodysenteriae cells. In order to identify and sequence genes of this novel gene transfer agent (GTA), proteins associated either with VSH-1 capsids or with tails were purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of 11 proteins were determined. Degenerate PCR primers were designed from the amino acid sequences and used to amplify several VSH-1 genes from B. hyodysenteriae strain B204 DNA. A lambda clone library of B. hyodysenteriae B204 DNA was subsequently screened by Southern hybridization methods and used to identify and sequence overlapping DNA inserts containing additional VSH-1 genes. VSH-1 genes spanned 16.3 kb of the B. hyodysenteriae chromosome and were flanked by bacterial genes. VSH-1 identified genes and unidentified, intervening open reading frames were consecutively organized in head (seven genes), tail (seven genes), and lysis (four genes) clusters in the same transcriptional direction. Putative lysis genes encoding endolysin (Lys) and holin proteins were identified from sequence and structural similarities of their translated protein products with GenBank bacteriophage proteins. Recombinant Lys protein hydrolyzed peptidoglycan purified from B. hyodysenteriae cells. The identified VSH-1 genes exceed the DNA capacity of VSH-1 virions and do not encode traditional bacteriophage early functions involved in DNA replication. These genome properties explain the noninfectious nature of VSH-1 virions and further confirm its resemblance to known prophage-like, GTAs of other bacterial species, such as the GTA from Rhodobacter capsulatus. The identification of VSH-1 genes will enable analysis of the regulation of this GTA and should facilitate investigations of VSH-1-like prophages from other Brachyspira species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 187 IS 17 BP 5885 EP 5892 DI 10.1128/JB.187.17.5885-5892.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 957XF UT WOS:000231406000004 PM 16109929 ER PT J AU Khan, SR Mavrodi, DV Jog, GJ Suga, H Thomashow, LS Farrand, SK AF Khan, SR Mavrodi, DV Jog, GJ Suga, H Thomashow, LS Farrand, SK TI Activation of the phz operon of Pseudomonas fiuorescens 2-79 requires the LuxR homolog PhzR, N-(3-OH-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone produced by the LuxI homolog PhzI, and a cis-acting phz box SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROAD-HOST-RANGE; PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; SENSING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; N-TERMINAL REGION; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; CHLORORAPHIS PCL1391; DNA-BINDING; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AUREOFACIENS 30-84 AB The phz operon of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79, which produces phenazine-l-carboxylate, is preceded by two genes, phzR and phzI, that are homologs of quorum-sensing gene pairs of the luxR-luxI family. Deleting phzR and phzI from strain 2-79 led to loss of production of the antibiotics, as well as a suite of six acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) that includes four 3-hydroxy-derivatives and two alkanoyl-HSLs. Strain 2-79 accumulates N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL to levels 20 and 30 times those of N-(hexanoyl)-L-HSL and N-(3-hydroxyoctanoyl)-HSL, the next most abundant species produced by this isolate. Expression of a clone of phzI in Escherichia coli and P. fluorescens 1855 resulted in the synthesis of all six acyl-HSLs. Maximal activation of phzA and phzR fused to lacZ and uidA reporters, respectively, required PhzR and the acyl-HSL signals. PhzR-mediated expression of the phzA::lacZ fusion responded with highest sensitivity and greatest magnitude to pure N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL. When exposed to organic extracts of culture supernatants containing the six acyl-HSLs at their normal levels, the reporter responded strongly to N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-HSL but did not respond to any of the other five acyl-HSLs. The transcriptional start sites for the divergently oriented phzA and phzR genes were mapped by primer extension analysis. An 18-bp almost perfect inverted repeat, the phz box, is located between the phzI and phzR promoters. Disrupting this repeat abolished PhzR-dependent activation of phzA and phzR. We conclude that PhzI of strain 2-79 synthesizes 3-OH acyl-HSLs and that P. fluorescens 2-79 uses N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-HSL as its quorum-sensing signal. We also conclude that PhzR, with its quormone, activates expression of phzA and phzR and that this activation requires an intact phz box sequence located in the divergent promoter region. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Farrand, SK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, B103 CLSL,601 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stephenf@uiuc.edu RI Patwardhan, Geetanjali/B-4894-2009; Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM52465, R01 GM052465] NR 60 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 187 IS 18 BP 6517 EP 6527 DI 10.1128/JB.187.18.6517-6527.2005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 965PR UT WOS:000231963200031 PM 16159785 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, JE Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, JE Dawson-Hughes, B TI Sex hormone levels and risk of failing in community-dwelling older persons: A prospective study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503800042 ER PT J AU Crosier, MD Shea, MK Ordovas, JM Gundberg, CM Dawson-Hughes, B Booth, SL AF Crosier, MD Shea, MK Ordovas, JM Gundberg, CM Dawson-Hughes, B Booth, SL TI Apolipoprotein E genotype is a determinant of serum vitamin K, but not BMD, in older men and women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S343 EP S343 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503804188 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Rasmussen, H Harris, SS Dallal, G AF Dawson-Hughes, B Rasmussen, H Harris, SS Dallal, G TI Impact of aromatic versus branched-chain amino acids on calcium excretion, absorption, and bone turnover - Potential role of the calcium sensor receptor. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S308 EP S309 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503804046 ER PT J AU Kamkar, LL Hooshmand, S Soliman, A Soung, DY Collins, JK Lucas, EA Madihally, SV Arjmandi, BH AF Kamkar, LL Hooshmand, S Soliman, A Soung, DY Collins, JK Lucas, EA Madihally, SV Arjmandi, BH TI Polyphenol extract from dried plum dose-dependently increases nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Lab, Lane, OK USA. RI Madihally, Sundararajan/D-9285-2012 OI Madihally, Sundararajan/0000-0001-7498-5760 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S246 EP S246 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503803113 ER PT J AU Lancaster, EA Lucas, EA Collins, J Howard, L Maness, NO Arjmandi, BH Smith, BJ AF Lancaster, EA Lucas, EA Collins, J Howard, L Maness, NO Arjmandi, BH Smith, BJ TI Polyphenolic compounds in dried plum enhance bone recovery following skeletal unloading. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S289 EP S289 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503803297 ER PT J AU McLean, RR Jacques, PF Selhub, J Fredman, L Samelson, EJ Kiel, DP Cupples, LA Hannan, MT AF McLean, RR Jacques, PF Selhub, J Fredman, L Samelson, EJ Kiel, DP Cupples, LA Hannan, MT TI Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with increased hip fracture risk in elderly men and women: The Framingham study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Hebre Senior Life, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503801055 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR Horst, RL AF Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR Horst, RL TI Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin D3 and its metabolites to prevent thiram-induced growth plate dysplasia in chickens. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 23-27, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 USDA ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR USA. USDA ARS, NADC, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 20 IS 9 SU 1 BP S204 EP S204 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 987FM UT WOS:000233503802236 ER PT J AU He, GY Jones, HD D'Ovidio, R Masci, S Chen, MJ West, J Butow, B Anderson, OD Lazzeri, P Fido, R Shewry, PR AF He, GY Jones, HD D'Ovidio, R Masci, S Chen, MJ West, J Butow, B Anderson, OD Lazzeri, P Fido, R Shewry, PR TI Expression of an extended HMW subunit in transgenic wheat and the effect on dough mixing properties SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic transformation; HMW subunit; dough mixing; glutenin polymers ID REPETITIVE DOMAIN; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; STORAGE PROTEINS; TRANSFORMATION; QUALITY; GENES; LINES; BOMBARDMENT; VARIABILITY; VARIETIES AB Wheat line L88-31 was transformed with a gene encoding an extended form of subunit 1Dx5 to study the relationship between subunit size and the effect on dough mixing properties. Four transgenic lines were recovered, one of which expressed a truncated form of the protein with mobility between those of the wild type and extended subunits. Comparison of the Mixograph profiles and gluten protein compositions with those of the control lines and a line expressing the wild type subunit 1Dx5 transgene showed that two of the transgenic lines had poor mixing properties and that this was associated with co-suppression of HMW subunit gene expression. The other two transgenic lines had improved mixing properties (measured as increased mixing time) and this was associated with increased proportions of large glutenin polymers. None of the transgenic lines expressing the extended form of the 1Dx5 subunit showed the 'overstrong' mixing properties exhibited by transgenic lines expressing the wild type 1Dx5 transgene. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, China UK HUST RRes Crop Engn & Genom Joint Lab, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. CSIRO, Div Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Oryzon Genom, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Shewry, PR (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM peter.shewry@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Jones, Huw/B-5211-2008; D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014; Masci, Stefania/B-6690-2013; OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898; Masci, Stefania/0000-0003-2857-4498; jones, huw/0000-0002-7030-0776 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.04.004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 950PU UT WOS:000230870300009 ER PT J AU Chen, F He, ZH Xia, XC Lillemo, M Morris, C AF Chen, F He, ZH Xia, XC Lillemo, M Morris, C TI A new puroindoline b mutation present in Chinese winter wheat cultivar Jingdong 11 SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bread wheat; kernel hardness; puroindolines; Pinb mutation ID GRAIN HARDNESS; GENES; FRIABILIN; TAUSCHII; QUALITY; TRAITS; BREAD AB Kernel hardness is one of the most important characteristics in determining utilization and marketing of bread wheat. Genes coding for puroindoline a and b (PINA and PINB) were located at the Ha locus and designated as Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1, respectively. The coding sequence of the Pinb gene in a Chinese winter wheat cultivar Jingdong 11 (Triticum aestivum L.) was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the obtained 447-by fragment sequenced from two strands, and compared with the eight known Pinb alleles. The results showed that Jingdong 11 possessed a new Pinb allele not reported previously, and was designated as Pinb-D1q. It is characterized by a single base T to G substitution, which results in a tryptophan to leucine substitution (TGG to TTG) at position 44 and is most likely the cause of hard grain texture in Jingdong 11. The characterization of Pinb-D1 alleles would be helpful in manipulating grain hardness of bread wheat in breeding programs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.net.cn; xiaxianchun@caas.net.cn RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.03.004 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 950PU UT WOS:000230870300014 ER PT J AU Wood, WF Terwilliger, MN Copeland, JP AF Wood, WF Terwilliger, MN Copeland, JP TI Volatile compounds from anal glands of the wolverine, Gulo gulo SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wolverine; Gulo gulo; Mustelinae; Mustelidae; scent marking; fear-defense mechanism; short-chain carboxylic acids ID STOAT MUSTELA-ERMINEA; PUTORIUS FORMA FURO; ICTONYX-STRIATUS; STRIPED POLECAT; SAC SECRETION; EVERSMANNI; COMPONENTS; SIBIRICA; MAMMALIA AB Dichloromethane extracts of wolverine (Gulo gulo, Mustelinae, Mustelidae) anal gland secretion were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The secretion composition was complex and variable for the six samples examined: 123 compounds were detected in total, with the number per animal ranging from 45 to 71 compounds. Only six compounds were common to all extracts: 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and a compound tentatively identified as 2-methyldecanoic acid. The highly odoriferous thietanes and dithiolanes found in anal gland secretions of some members of the Mustelinae [ferrets, mink, stoats, and weasels (Mustela spp.) and zorillas (Ictonyx spp.)] were not observed. The composition of the wolverine's anal gland secretion is similar to that of two other members of the Mustelinae, the pine and beech marten (Martes spp.). C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Chem, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Wood, WF (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Chem, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM wfw2@humboldt.edu OI Wood, William/0000-0002-2991-0054 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2117 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-6080-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958TP UT WOS:000231471400010 PM 16132215 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Woodrow, RJ Nelson, LJ Grace, JK AF Haverty, MI Woodrow, RJ Nelson, LJ Grace, JK TI Identification of termite species by the hydrocarbons in their feces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotaxonomy; cuticular hydrocarbons; dampwood termites; drywood termites; fecal pellets; frass; Kalotermitidae; Isoptera; species identification; Termopsidae ID BRITISH-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; ZOOTERMOPSIS ISOPTERA; INSECT HYDROCARBONS; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RHINOTERMITIDAE AB Blends of abundant cuticular hydrocarbons are species-specific for termites (Isoptera) and can be used to identify a given taxon without the diagnostic castes, soldiers or adults. We demonstrate that hydrocarbon extracts of termite fecal pellets from damaged wood can also be characterized and used to identify termites responsible for damage, even though termites are no longer present or easily recovered. In structures infested by drywood termites, it is common to find fecal pellets, but difficult to extract termites from the finished wood in service. Nine species belonging to two families (Kalotermitidae and Termopsidae) were examined to compare the hydrocarbon composition of termites and their fecal pellets. Diversity was extensive: at least one half of the amount of the hydrocarbons from Neotermes connexus, Incisitermes immigrans, Cryptotermes brevis, Cryptotermes cynocephalus, Procryptotermes corniceps, and Zootermopsis nevadensis nuttingi was olefins. Incisitermes minor and Pterotermes occidentis incorporated only small amounts of olefins in cuticular hydrocarbons; Marginitermes hubbardi had no detectable olefins. Hydrocarbons extracted from fecal pellets were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to cuticular extracts and can be used to determine the termite species responsible without the termites present. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM mhaverty@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2119 EP 2151 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-6081-8 PG 33 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958TP UT WOS:000231471400011 PM 16132216 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Marshall, WE AF Lima, IM Marshall, WE TI Adsorption of selected environmentally important metals by poultry manure-based granular activated carbons SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poultry manure; granular activated carbon; adsorption; multiple metal ions ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WASTE AB Water quality and public health impacts of mass produced poultry manure have prompted the need for viable conversion and reuse solutions. Conversion of poultry manure to value-added granular activated carbons for environmental remediation can be such a solution. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of poultry manure-based carbons for the adsorption of selected metal ions (copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc) from solutions containing individual ions or the four metal ions present together. Adsorption properties for poultry manure-based carbons were compared with those of two commercial carbons, P (U) over barR RF and Minotaur, and carbons from three traditional precursors, coal, coconut and wood. Pelletized samples were pyrolyzed at 700 degrees C for 1 h followed by 800 degrees C steam activation at 1, 3 and 5 mL min(-1) water flow rate, for 30 and 45 min, under nitrogen. The carbon's ability to adsorb the metals was influenced by the activation strategy, increasing for longer activation times and higher water flow rates, in the presence of a single metal solution. Saturation conditions were achieved at 20 mm and, at 5 mm, almost all metal ion in solution was adsorbed, except for nickel. Carbons showed similar affinity towards copper, cadmium and zinc, individually. However, when in competition, at 5 mm of each metal, manure-based carbons showed a preference for Cu2+ followed by Zn2+ and Cd2+. Poultry manure-based carbons outperformed all reference carbons and P (U) over barR RF, and, except for Ni2+, Minotaur was also outperformed. Experiments showed that the highest removal rate in a competition situation was obtained for broiler-cake carbon activated for 45 min at 3 mL min(-1), with 93.1%, 50.9% and 85.2% for copper, cadmium and zinc ions, respectively. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM imlima@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1002/jctb.1283 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 954UC UT WOS:000231179400012 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Liang, LL AF Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Hawthorne, KM Liang, LL TI Height and height Z-score are related to calcium absorption in five- to fifteen-year-old girls SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BONE MASS ACCUMULATION; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; MINERAL DENSITY; CHILDREN; PUBERTY; METABOLISM; KINETICS; RETENTION; GROWTH; RATES AB Context: Understanding the relationship between calcium absorption and growth has been limited. We have developed a database of calcium absorption measurements in 315 girls aged 5.0 - 15.0 yr. Design: We have used this database to assess the relationship between height, its age- and gender-normalized value (height Z-score), and calcium absorptive efficiency. Results: Overall, height was significantly related to calcium absorption ( corrected for calcium intake, age, Tanner, stage, and ethnicity) (P = 0.001). Similarly, height Z-score was significantly related to calcium absorption (P < 0.007). About 3 - 3.5% of the variability (eta(2)) of absorption was associated with height or height Z-score. We found that calcium absorption was significantly lower in girls with height Z-score equal to or less than zero compared with those with a height Z-score more than zero (difference, 3.9 +/- 1.4%, mean +/- SEM; P = 0.007). Limiting the analysis to those girls in which Tanner staging was performed or those age 9 yr or older did not substantively affect these relationships. Conclusion: These results indicate that a small but significant component of the variability in calcium absorption is due to height. Identifying genetic risk factors for lowered calcium absorption during growth could lead to individual approaches for prevention of inadequate bone mass. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr & Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43740]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD36591] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 90 IS 9 BP 5077 EP 5081 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-0537 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962DM UT WOS:000231711200012 PM 15899954 ER PT J AU Corella, D Qi, L Sorli, JV Godoy, D Portoles, O Coltell, O Greenberg, AS Ordovas, JM AF Corella, D Qi, L Sorli, JV Godoy, D Portoles, O Coltell, O Greenberg, AS Ordovas, JM TI Obese subjects carrying the 11482G > A polymorphism at the perilipin locus are resistant to weight loss after dietary energy restriction SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; POPULATION; EXPRESSION; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION; HAPLOTYPE; GENETICS; RISK AB Context: Dietary treatment of obesity could be improved if predictive information about the individual's genetic response to diet was available. Adipose tissue has been the focus of efforts to identify candidate genes. Perilipin is a major protein found in adipocytes, and perilipin knockout mice are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association of several polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus with obesity and weight reduction in response to a low-energy diet in obese patients. Design: This study was a 1-yr randomized (depending on the PLIN genotype) trial with three follow-up evaluations. Setting: The study was conducted at a university research center. Subjects: One hundred fifty obese patients (body mass index, 42 +/- 8 kg/m(2)) at baseline and 48 patients who completed the dietary follow-up treatment for weight loss participated in the study. Interventions: Subjects completed a 1-yr low-energy diet. Main Outcomes Measurements: Body weight (BW) at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months was measured. Results: The minor A-allele at the PLIN 11482G > A polymorphism was associated with lower baseline BW. Moreover, we found a gene-diet interaction (P = 0.015) between this polymorphism and weight loss in patients that completed the 1-yr dietary treatment. Diet resulted in significant decreases in BW (from 114.3 +/- 3.9 kg at baseline to 105.5 +/- 3.5 kg at 1 yr; P lineal trend, 0.020) in GG patients (n = 33). Conversely, carriers of the minor A allele (n = 15) did not show significant changes in BW (from 105.0 +/- 4.6 kg at baseline to 104.3 +/- 4.4 kg at 1 yr; P lineal trend, 0.985). This gene- diet interaction remained statistically significant, even after adjustment for differences in BW at baseline and for other potential confounders. Conclusions: PLIN11482A carriers were resistant to weight loss, suggesting that this polymorphism may predict outcome of BW reduction strategies based on low-energy diets. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Dept Prevent Med, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Univ Valencia, Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Valencia, Spain. Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Languages & Syst, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 24 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 90 IS 9 BP 5121 EP 5126 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-0576 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 962DM UT WOS:000231711200019 PM 15985482 ER PT J AU Koo, HC Park, YH Ahn, J Waters, WR Palmer, MV Hamilton, MJ Barrington, G Mosaad, AA Park, KT Jung, WK Hwang, IY Cho, SN Shin, SJ Davis, WC AF Koo, HC Park, YH Ahn, J Waters, WR Palmer, MV Hamilton, MJ Barrington, G Mosaad, AA Park, KT Jung, WK Hwang, IY Cho, SN Shin, SJ Davis, WC TI Use of rMPB70 protein and ESAT-6 peptide as antigens for comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunochromatographic, and latex bead agglutination assays for serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; VIRULENT MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY; TEST-REACTOR CATTLE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; T-CELL RESPONSES; SKIN-TEST; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CULTURE FILTRATE AB Current assays used to detect Mycobacterium bovis infection lack accuracy, especially for recently infected animals, or are impractical for rapid field diagnostic applications. To overcome these limitations with serological assays, a synthetic peptide derived from early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT6-p) and a recombinant major secreted immunogenic protein (rMPB70) of H. bovis were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), an immunochromatographic assay (ICGA), and a latex bead agglutination assay (LBAA). Sera from noninfected, M. bovis-infected, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected (by natural and experimental routes) animals were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis comparing optical density values from the EIA with results of bacterial culture or skin test, the reference test, established suitable cutoff values for assessing sensitivity and specificity. The EIA and LBAA, respectively, had sensitivities of 98.6 and 94.8%, specificities of 98.5 and 92.6%, and kappa values of 0.97 and 0.88 with ESAT6-p. The EIA, ICGA, and LBAA, respectively, had sensitivities of 96.8, 83.0, and 86.7%, specificities of 90.1, 99.4, and 97.8%, and kappa values of 0.87, 0.85, and 0.83 with rMPB70. Examination of serial samples of sera collected from experimentally M. bovis-infected cattle and deer revealed that ESAT6-p-specific responses developed early after infection whereas responses to rMPB70 developed later in the course of disease. The advantage of the LBAA and ICGA as initial tests for multiple species is a rapid reaction obtained in 2 to 3 h by LBAA or 20 min by ICGA without species-specific secondary antibodies under field conditions, thus allowing immediate segregation of suspect animals for further testing before culling. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul, South Korea. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Menoufia Univ, Dept Bacteriol Immunol & Mycol, Coll Vet Med, Minufiya, Egypt. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Bustad Hall,Room 326, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM davisw@vetmed.wsu.edu OI Park, Kun Taek/0000-0001-6177-0373 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4498 EP 4506 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4498-4506.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400029 PM 16145098 ER PT J AU Page, BT Kurtzman, CP AF Page, BT Kurtzman, CP TI Rapid identification of Candida species and other clinically important yeast species by flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; ALBICANS; RESISTANCE; TRENDS; CLADE; DNA AB Two rapid diagnostic assays, utilizing two different Luminex flow cytometry methods, were developed for identification of clinically important ascomycetous yeast species. Direct hybridization and allele-specific primer extension methods were both successful in establishing a DNA-based assay that can rapidly and accurately identify Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis as well as other clinical species. The direct hybridization assay was designed to identify a total of 19 ascomycetous yeast species, and the allele-specific primer extension assay was designed to identify a total of 34 species. Probes were validated against 438 strains representing 303 species. From culture to identification, the allele-specific primer extension method takes 8 h and the direct hybridization method takes less than 5 h to complete. These assays represent comprehensive, rapid tests that are well suited for the clinical laboratory. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-OU1-AI53879-01, U01 AI053879] NR 23 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4507 EP 4514 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4507-4514.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400030 PM 16145099 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Bannantine, JP AF Stabel, JR Bannantine, JP TI Development of a nested PCR method targeting a unique multicopy element, ISMap02, for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in fecal samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; JOHNES-DISEASE; ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCE; CULTURE; IDENTIFICATION; INTERFERON AB This study describes the development of a nested PCR assay that uses a unique element (ISMap02) for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that is present at six copies within the genome. In addition, the sensitivity of the assay with this element was compared to the sensitivity of detection of the IS900 element in both conventional and real-time PCR assays. The specificity of the ISMap02 element was evaluated by PCR of the DNA extracted from isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium, as well as DNA from M. fortuitum, M. scofulaceum, M. phlei, M. smegmatis, and M. gordonae. Only M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA was detectable after amplification with the ISMap02 primers. The sensitivity of detection for the ISMap02 element in either a conventional or a real-time PCR format was less than 100 fg DNA or 10(2) CFU/mI in serial titration curves with pure bacteria. These results were comparable to those obtained for the IS900 element. Experimental spiking of a negative fecal sample followed by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA extraction resulted in detection thresholds of 10(2) CFU/g for the IS900 element and 10(3) CFU/g for the ISMap02 element by using a real-time PCR format, but this sensitivity dropped 10-fold for both elements in a conventional PCR format. Analyses of fecal samples obtained from naturally infected animals demonstrated a sensitivity for the detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA by use of the ISMap02 element similar to that achieved by use of the IS900 element when it was used in a conventional PCR format. The real-time PCR format improved the levels of detection of both elements, but not to a significant degree. In conclusion, the ISMap02 element provides a very sensitive and specific alternative as a diagnostic reagent for use in PCR assays for the detection of paratuberculosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 4744 EP 4750 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4744-4750.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 966LD UT WOS:000232020400067 PM 16145136 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL VanRaden, PM AF Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL VanRaden, PM TI Impact of maturity rate of daughters on genetic ranking of Holstein bulls SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; maturity rate; milk yield; parity ID COMPARISON SIRE EVALUATIONS; 1ST 3 LACTATIONS; LATER RECORDS; PARAMETERS; TRAITS; MODEL AB If genetic evaluations are calculated with a single-trait repeatability model, evaluation changes may be attributed in part to bulls that have daughters that deviate considerably from the typical response to aging. Differences in maturity rate of bull daughters were examined to determine whether they influence change in bull evaluations. Standardized milk records for Holsteins that first calved between 1960 and 1998 were used to calculate 12 tailored predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for each bull. Predicted transmitting abilities were tailored from combinations of 4 annual cut-off dates and 3 parities. Date screening selected cows first calving before January of 1996, 1997, 1998, or 1999. Parity screening selected milk records from the first 1, 2, or 3 parities. Therefore, 4 evaluations (PTA(1)) included only first-parity records available for daughters and contemporaries prior to the respective years designated. Four more evaluations (PTA(1,2)) included the records from the first 2 parities for cows first calving prior to those same year cutoffs; likewise, the last 4 evaluations (PTA(1,2,3)) included records from the first 3 parities. Stability of bull evaluations (standard deviations of differences as well as correlations between bull evaluations) across time was compared. Bulls born after 1984 with >= 500 daughters were of interest because of the high precision of evaluations and recent activity. Tailored PTA of those bulls had more uniformity across years in mean records per daughter than did official USDA PTA. Standard deviation of differences in PTA(1), PTA(1,)2, and PTA(1,2,3) for milk between evaluation years 1996 and 1997 were 28, 28, and 27 kg compared with 63 kg for official evaluations; similarly, between 1996 and 1999, SD were 36, 32, and 32 kg compared with 80 kg. Results suggested that a modification to the current evaluation model to account for maturity rate should reduce fluctuations in individual bull PTA across time and may improve accuracy of evaluations. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 9 BP 3337 EP 3345 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 955XC UT WOS:000231260300034 PM 16107424 ER PT J AU Sawalha, RM Keown, JF Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD AF Sawalha, RM Keown, JF Kachman, SD Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic evaluation of dairy cattle with test-day models with autoregressive covariance structures and with a 305-d model SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autoregressive covariance; genetic evaluation; milk yield; test day ID SOMATIC-CELL SCORE; TEST-DAY RECORDS; MULTIPLE LACTATIONS; CONTEMPORARY GROUPS; BREEDING VALUES; ANIMAL-MODELS; UNITED-STATES; YIELD TRAITS; PARAMETERS; COWS AB This study compared genetic evaluations from 3 test-day (TD) models with different assumptions about the environmental covariance structure for TD records and genetic evaluations from 305-d lactation records for dairy cows. Estimates of genetic values of 12,071 first-lactation Holstein cows were obtained with the 3 TD models using 106,472 TD records. The compound symmetry (CS) model was a simple test-day repeatability animal model with compound symmetry covariance structure for TD environmental effects. The AR(s) and AR(e) models also used TD records but with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure among short-term environmental effects or residuals, respectively. Estimates of genetic values with the TD models were also compared with those from a model using 305-d lactation records. Animals were genetically evaluated for milk, fat, and protein yields, and somatic cell score (SCS). The largest average estimates of accuracy of predicted breeding values were obtained with the AR(s) model and the smallest were with the 305-d model. The 305-d model resulted in smaller estimates of correlations between average predicted breeding values of the parents and lactation records of their daughters for milk and protein yields and SCS than did the CS and AR(e) models. Predicted breeding values with the 3 TD models were highly correlated (0.98 to 1.00). Predicted breeding values with 305-d lactation records were moderately correlated with those with TD models (0.71 to 0.87 for sires and 0.80 to 0.87 for cows). More genetic improvement can be achieved by using TD models to select for animals for higher milk, fat, and protein yields, and lower SCS than by using models with 305-d lactation records. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sawalha, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rami.sawalha@sac.ac.uk NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 88 IS 9 BP 3346 EP 3353 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 955XC UT WOS:000231260300035 PM 16107425 ER PT J AU Riedel, MS Verry, ES Brooks, KN AF Riedel, MS Verry, ES Brooks, KN TI Impacts of land use conversion on bankfull discharge and mass wasting SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed management; forest hydrology; mass wasting; sedimentation ID WESTERN CASCADES; RIVER BASIN; FOREST; OREGON; WATER; RESPONSES; STATES AB Mass wasting and channel incision are widespread in the Nemadji River watershed of eastern Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin. While much of this is a natural response to glacial rebound, sediment coring and tree ring data suggest that land use has also influenced these erosional processes. We characterized land use, inventoried mass wasting, surveyed stream channels and collected discharge data along segments of five streams in the Nemadji River watershed. Due to natural relief in this region, wetlands and agricultural lands are concentrated in the flatter terrain of the uplands of the Nemadji watershed, while forestland (coniferous or deciduous) is concentrated in the deeply incised (50-200% slope) stream valleys. Bankfull discharge was higher where forests had been converted from coniferous to deciduous forests and where there were fewer wetlands. Mass wasting increased exponentially with bankfull flows. While mass wasting was not correlated with forest type conversion and agricultural land use, it was negatively dependent upon wetland extent in headwater areas. Interactions between the spatial distribution of land use and terrain obfuscate any clear cause-and-effect relationships between land use, hydrology and fluvial processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Riedel, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM mriedel@fs.fed.us; sverry@fs.fed.us; kbrooks@umn.edu NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.02.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958MU UT WOS:000231453200006 PM 15932785 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Burger, M Spokas, KA AF Venterea, RT Burger, M Spokas, KA TI Nitrogen oxide and methane emissions under varying tillage and fertilizer management SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; NITRIC-OXIDE; LONG-TERM; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; GREENHOUSE GASES; ORGANIC-CARBON; FLUXES; NO; DENITRIFICATION; OXIDATION AB Comprehensive assessment of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of reduced tillage agricultural systems must consider emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CM), each of which have higher global warming potentials than carbon dioxide (CO2). Tillage intensity may also impact nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which can have various environmental and agronomic impacts. In 2003 and 2004, we used chambers to measure N2O, CM, and NO fluxes from plots that had been managed under differing tillage intensity since 1991. The effect of tillage on non-CO2 GHG emissions varied, in both magnitude and direction, depending on fertilizer practices. Emissions of N2O following broadcast urea (BU) application were higher under no till (NT) and conservation tillage (CsT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). In contrast, following anhydrous ammonia (AA) injection, N2O emissions were higher under CT and CsT compared to NT. Emissions following surface urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application did not vary with tillage. Total growing season non-CO2 GHG emissions were equivalent to CO2 emissions of 0.15 to 1-9 Mg CO2 ha(-1) yr(-1) or 0.04 to 0.53 Mg soil-C ha(-1) yr-1. Emissions of N2O from AA-amended plots were two to four times greater than UAN- and BU-amended plots. Total NO + N2O losses in the UAN treatment were approximately 50% lower than AA and BU. This study demonstrates that N20 emissions can represent a substantial component of the total GHG budget of reduced tillage systems, and that interactions between fertilizer and tillage practices can be important in controlling non-CO2 GHG emissions. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 47 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 11 U2 93 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1467 EP 1477 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300003 PM 16091599 ER PT J AU Vermeire, LT Wester, DB Mitchell, RB Fuhlendorf, SD AF Vermeire, LT Wester, DB Mitchell, RB Fuhlendorf, SD TI Fire and grazing effects on wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SEDIMENT; INFILTRATION; DUST; MICROCLIMATE; PRODUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; RANGELAND; SHRUBLAND AB Selective grazing of burned patches can be intense if animal distribution is not controlled and may compound the independent effects of fire and grazing on soil characteristics. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of patch burning and grazing on wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature in sand sagebrush (Artemisia fllifolia Torr.) mixed prairie. We selected 24, 4-ha plots near Woodward, OK. Four plots were burned during autumn (mid-November) and four during spring (mid-April), and four served as nonburned controls for each of two years. Cattle were given unrestricted access (April-September) to burned patches (<2% of pastures) and utilization was about 78%. Wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature were measured monthly. Wind erosion varied by burn, year, and sampting height. Wind erosion was about 2 to 48 times greater on autumn-burned plots than nonburned plots during the dormant period (December-Aprfl). Growing-season (April-August) erosion was greatest during spring. Erosion of spring-burned sites was double that of nonburned sites both years. Growing-season erosion from autumn-burned sites was similar to nonburned sites except for one year with a dry April-May. Soil water content was unaffected by patch burn treatments. Soils of burned plots were 1 to 3 degrees C warmer than those of nonburned plots, based on mid-day measurements. Lower water holding and deep percolation capacity of sandy soils probably moderated effects on soil water content and soil temperature. Despite poor growing conditions following fire and heavy selective grazing of burned patches, no blowouts or drifts were observed. C1 USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Vermeire, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Fort Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1565 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300012 PM 16091608 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Spokas, K Wang, D AF Zhang, Y Spokas, K Wang, D TI Degradation of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin in forest nursery soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; MOISTURE-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; FUMIGANT; SODIUM; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATION; BROMIDE AB Recent studies have observed enhanced degradation of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) from repeated fumigation in agricultural soils. Little is known about fumigant degradation in forest and nursery soils. This study was conducted to determine degradation rates of MITC and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest soils and the impacts of nursery management on degradation of MITC and CP. The half-life values of MITC and CP were evaluated in the laboratory under isothermal conditions (22 +/- 2 degrees C). Three rates representing 0.5 X, 1 X, and 2X field application rates for each fumigant were used in laboratory incubations. Effect of microbial degradation was determined by conducting incubations with both fresh and sterilized soils. Soil moisture effects were also studied. There was no difference in MITC or CP degradation between fumigated and nonfumigated forest nursery soils. Soil sterilization and high soil moisture content (15% by wt.) reduced MITC and CP degradation. The degradation rates of MITC and CP varied with factors such as nursery history, fumigant application rates, and freshness of tested soils. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM zhang251@umn.edu RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1572 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0374 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300013 PM 16091609 ER PT J AU Grande, JD Karthikeyan, KG Miller, PS Powell, JM AF Grande, JD Karthikeyan, KG Miller, PS Powell, JM TI Corn residue level and manure application timing effects on phosphorus losses in runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ERODED SOIL; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL; TRANSPORT; WISCONSIN AB Growing interest in corn (Zea mays L.) silage utilization on Wisconsin dairy farms may have implications for nutrient losses from agricultural lands. Increasing the silage cutting height will increase residue cover and could reduce off-site migration of sediments and associated constituents compared with conventional silage harvesting. We examined the effects of residue level and manure application timing on phosphorus (P) losses in runoffrom no-till corn. Treatments included conventional corn grain (G) and silage (SL; 10- to 15-cm cutting height) and nonconventional, high-cut (60-65 cm) silage (SH) subjected to different manure application regimes: no manure (N) or surface application in fall (F) or spring (S). Simulated rainfall (76 mm h(-1); 1h) was applied in spring and fall for two years (2002-2003), runoff from 2.0- X 1.5-m plots was collected, and subsamples were analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and P mass distribution in four particle size classes. Total P and DRP loads were inversely related to percent residue cover, but both TP and DRP concentrations were unaffected by residue level. Manure application increased DRP concentrations in spring runoff by two to five times but did not significantly affect DRP loads, since higher concentrations were offset by lower runoff volumes. Spring manure application reduced TP loads in spring runoff by 77 to 90% compared with plots receiving no manure, with the extent of reductions being greatest at the lower residue levels (<24%). The TP concentration in sediments increased as particle size decreased. Manure application increased the TP concentration of the 0- to 2-mu m fraction by 79 to 125%, but elevated the 2- to 10- and 10- to 50-mu m fractions to a lesser extent. Recent manure additions were most influential in enriching transported sediments with P. By itself, higher residue cover achieved by high-cutting silage was often insufficient to lower P losses; however, the combination of manure application and higher residue levels significantly reduced P losses from corn fields harvested for silage. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Karthikeyan, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu NR 46 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1620 EP 1631 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0462 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300019 PM 16091615 ER PT J AU Ferguson, RB Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Woodbury, BL AF Ferguson, RB Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Woodbury, BL TI Long-term effects of sustained beef feedlot manure application on soil nutrients, corn silage yield, and nutrient uptake SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DAIRY MANURE; ORGANIC MANURES; ARABLE LAND; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; LOSSES; MINERALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; NITRATE; CARBON AB A field study was initiated in 1992 to investigate the long-term impacts of beef feedlot manure application (composted and uncomposted) on nutrient accumulation and movement in soil, corn silage yield, and nutrient uptake. Two application strategies were compared: providing the annual crop nitrogen (N) requirement (N-based rate) or crop phosphorus (P) removal (P-based rate), as well as a comparison to inorganic fertilizer. Additionally, effects of a winter cover crop were evaluated. Irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) was produced annually from 1993 through 2002. Average silage yield and crop nutrient removal were highest with N-based manure treatments, intermediate with P-based manure treatments, and least with inorganic N fertilizer. Use of a winter cover crop resulted in silage yield reductions in four of ten years, most likely due to soil moisture depletion in the spring by the cover crop. However, the cover crop did significantly reduce NO3-N accumulation in the shallow vadose zone, particularly in latter years of the study. The composted manure N-based treatment resulted in significantly greater soil profile NO3-N concentration and higher soil P concentration near the soil surface. The accounting procedure used to calculate N-based treatment application rates resulted in acceptable soil profile NO3-N concentrations over the short term. While repeated annual manure application to supply the total crop N requirement may be acceptable for this soil for several years, sustained application over many years carries the risk of unacceptable soil P concentrations. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferguson, RB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, 377 Plant Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rferguson@unl.edu NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1672 EP 1681 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0363 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300024 PM 16091620 ER PT J AU Brauer, D Aiken, GE Pote, DH Livingston, SJ Norton, LD Way, TR Edwards, JH AF Brauer, D Aiken, GE Pote, DH Livingston, SJ Norton, LD Way, TR Edwards, JH TI Amendment effects on soil test phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF AB Applications of animal manures have increased soil test P values in many parts of the USA and thus increased the risk that soil P will be transferred to surface water and decrease water quality. To continue farming these areas, landowners need tools to reduce the risk of P losses. A field experiment was conducted near Kurten, TX, on a Zulch fine sandy loam (thermic Udertic Paleustalfs) with Bray-1 P values exceeding 3000 mg P kg(-1) soil (dry wt.) in the A(p) horizon to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amendments for reducing soil test P values. Soils were amended annually from 1999 to 2001 with 1.5 and 5.0 Mg gypsum ha(-1), 1.4 Mg alum ha(-1), or 24.4 Mg ha(-1) of waste paper product high in Al alone or in combination with 1.5 Mg gypsum ha(-1) and/or 1.4 Mg alum ha-1. These treatments supplied a maximum of 225 and 1163 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of Al and Ca, respectively. Soil Bray-1 P and dissolved reactive P levels were monitored from 1999 to 2004. None of the soil amendment treatments affected Bray-1 P values. Only annual additions of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha-1 from 1999 to 2001 significantly reduced soil dissolved reactive P. Dissolved reactive P levels reached minimal levels after two applications of 5.0 Mg gypsum ha(-1) but increased in 2003 and 2004. These results indicate that soil dissolved reactive P levels can be reduced if sufficient amounts of gypsum were added to supply Ca in amounts similar to the soil test P values. C1 USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA, ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM dbrauer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1686 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0373 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300025 PM 16091621 ER PT J AU Bauder, TA Barbarick, KA Ippolito, JA Shanahan, JF Ayers, PD AF Bauder, TA Barbarick, KA Ippolito, JA Shanahan, JF Ayers, PD TI Soil properties affecting wheat yields following drilling-fluid application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE-PLACEMENT BURIAL; AMMONIUM BICARBONATE-DTPA; FOURWING SALTBUSH; CROP GROWTH; AVAILABILITY; BUFFALOGRASS; COMPACTION; PLANTS; DRAFT; IRON AB Oil and gas drilling operations use drilling fluids (mud) to lubricate the drill bit and stem, transport formation cuttings to the surface, and seal off porous geologic formations. Following completion of the well, waste drilling fluid is often applied to cropland. We studied potential changes in soil compaction as indicated by cone penetration resistance, pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), extractable soil and total straw and grain trace metal and nutrient concentrations, and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'TAM 107) grain yield following water-based, bentonitic drilling-fluid application (0-94 Mg ha(-1)) to field test plots. Three methods of application (normal, splash-plate, and spreader-bar) were used to study compaction effects. We measured increasing SAR, ECe, and pH with drilling-fluid rates, but not to levels detrimental to crop production. Field measurements revealed significantly higher compaction within areas affected by truck travel, but also not enough to affect crop yield. In three of four site years, neither drilling-fluid rate nor application method affected grain yield. Extractions representing plant availability and plant analyses results indicated that drilling fluid did not significantly increase most trace elements or nutrient concentrations. These results support land application of water-based bentonitic drilling fluids as an acceptable practice on well-drained soils using controlled rates. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Barbarick, KA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Ken.Barbarick@colostate.edu RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1696 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0384 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300026 PM 16091622 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE TI Broiler litter as a micronutrient source for cotton: Concentrations in plant parts SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER AB Analytically, poultry litter contains nearly all essential micronutrients but the extent of phytoavailability of these nutrients and whether cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and other crop plants can receive adequate amounts of these nutrients from litter is not fully known. The objective of this research was to determine whether cotton receives sufficient amounts of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn from litter and estimate the efficiency of cotton in extracting these metal nutrients from litter in the absence of any other source of the micronutrients. The greenhouse research used plastic pots filled with approximately 11 kg of a 2:1 (v/v) sand to vermiculite growing mix. Cotton (cv. Stoneville 474) was grown in the pots fertilized with broiler litter at rates of 30, 60, 90, or 120 g pot(-1) in a factorial combination with four supplemental nutrient solution (NS) treatments. The nutrient solutions consisted of full Hoagland's nutrient solution (NS-full); a solution of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg (NS-macro); a solution of the micronutrients Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, B, and Mo (NS-micro); and water (NS-none). Based on tissue nutrient analysis, a one-time broiler litter application supplied adequate amounts of Fe, Cu, and Mn to bring the concentration of these nutrients in upper leaves within published sufficiency ranges. Zinc, with < 17 mg kg(-1) concentration in the upper leaves, was the only micronutrient below the established sufficiency range regardless of the rate of applied liner. Cotton extracted Fe and Mn more efficiently than Cu or Zn, removing as much as 8.8% of Fe and 7.2% of Mn supplied by 30 g litter pot(-1). In contrasts the extraction efficiency was 1.7% for Cu and 1.9% for Zn. Roots accumulated 58% of the total absorbed Fe and 64% of Cu, and leaves accumulated 32% of the Fe and only 13% of the Cu supplied by litter. In contrast, only 16% of the total absorbed Mn and 23% of Zn accumulated in roots while leaves accumulated 64% of the total Mn and 37% of Zn. These results demonstrate that broiler litter is a valuable source of the metal nutrients supplying Fe, Cu, and Mn in full and Zn in part, but a very large fraction of the litter-supplied metal nutrients remained in the growing mix. C1 USDA, ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM htewoldc@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1706 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300027 PM 16091623 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW AF Novak, JM Watts, DW TI An alum-based water treatment residual can reduce extractable phosphorus concentrations in three phosphorus-enriched coastal plain soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SWINE MANURE; RETENTION; MEHLICH-3; TRANSPORT; LOSSES; RUNOFF AB The accumulation of excess soil phosphorus (P) in watersheds under intensive animal production has been linked to increases in dissolved P concentrations in rivers and streams draining these watersheds. Reductions in water dissolved P concentrations through very strong P sorption reactions may be obtainable after land application of alum-based drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs). Our objectives were to (i) evaluate the ability of an alum-based WTR to reduce Mehlich-3 phosphorus (M3P) and water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) concentrations in three P-enriched Coastal Plain soils, (ii) estimate WTR application rates necessary to lower soil M3P levels to a target 150 mg kg(-1) soil M3P concentration threshold level, and (iii) determine the effects on soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Three soils containing elevated M3P (145-371 mg kg(-1)) and WSP (12.323.5 mg kg(-1)) concentrations were laboratory incubated with between 0 and 6% WTR (w w(-1)) for 84 d. Incorporation of WTR into the three soils caused a near linear and significant reduction in soil M3P and WSP concentrations. In two soils, 6% WTR application caused a soil M3P concentration decrease to below the soil P threshold level. An additional incubation on the third soil using higher WTR to soil treatments (10-15%) was required to reduce the mean soil M3P concentration to 178 mg kg(-1). After incubation, most treatments had less than a half pH unit decline and a slight increase in soil EC values suggesting a minimal impact on soil quality properties. The results showed that WTR incorporation into soils with high P concentrations caused larger relative reductions in extractable WSP than M3P concentrations. The larger relative reductions in the extractable WSP fraction suggest that WTR can be more effective at reducing potential runoff P losses than usage as an amendment to lower M3P concentrations. C1 USDA, ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM novak@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1820 EP 1827 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0479 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300037 PM 16151234 ER PT J AU Israel, DW Showers, WJ Fountain, M Fountain, J AF Israel, DW Showers, WJ Fountain, M Fountain, J TI Nitrate movement in shallow ground water from swine-lagoon-effluent spray fields managed under current application regulations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC RIPARIAN SOIL; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION; FATE; BUFFERS; QUALITY; FOREST; DELTA-N-15 AB Rapid increases in the swine (Sus scrofa domestica) population in the 1990s and associated potential for nitrate N pollution of surface waters led the state of North Carolina to adopt stringent waste management regulations in 1993. Our objectives were to characterize (i) nitrate N movement from waste application fields (WAFs) in shallow ground water, and (ii) soil, hydrologic, and biological factors influencing the amount of nitrate N in the adjacent stream. A ground water monitoring study was conducted for 36 mo on a swine farm managed under new regulations. Water table contours and lack of vertical gradients indicated horizontal flow over most of the site. Nitrate N concentrations in water from shallow wells in WAFs averaged 30 +/- 19 mg L-1 and delta(15)N ratios for nitrate N were between +20 and +25 per mil. Nitrate N concentration decreased from field-edge to streamside wells by 22 to 99%. Measurement of delta(18N) and delta(15)N enrichment of nitrate in ground water throughout the WAF-riparian system indicated that denitrification has not caused significant delta(15)N enrichment of nitrate. Over a 24-mo period, delta(15)N ratios for nitrate N in the stream approached delta(15)N ratios for nitrate N in ground water beneath WAFs indicating delivery of some waste-derived nitrate N to the stream in shallow ground water. Nitrate N concentrations in the stream were relatively low, averaging 1 mg L-1. Dilution of high nitrate N water in shallow horizontal flow paths with low nitrate N water from deeper horizontal flow paths at or near the stream, some denitrification as ground water discharges through the stream bottom, and some denitrification in riparian zone contributed to this low nitrate N concentration. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dan_israel@ncsu.edu NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1828 EP 1842 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0338 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300038 PM 16151235 ER PT J AU Sukkariyah, BF Evanylo, G Zelazny, L Chaney, RL AF Sukkariyah, BF Evanylo, G Zelazny, L Chaney, RL TI Recovery and distribution of biosolids-derived trace metals in a clay loam soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; CADMIUM; MOVEMENT; ZINC; ELEMENTS; COPPER; LEAD; EXTRACTION AB The long-term mobility of trace metals has been cited as a potential hazard by critics of EPA 503 rule governing the land application of biosolids. The objectives of this study were to assess the accumulation of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn within the soil profile; the distribution of exchangeable, specifically adsorbed, organic, and oxide fractions of each metal; and mass balance of Cu, Ni, and Zn 17 yr after a single biosolids application. Biosolids were applied to 1.5- X 2.3-m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudult) in 1984 at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha(-1). The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 750, 43, and 600 kg ha(-1) of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Soils were sampled to a depth of 0.9 m and sectioned into 5-cm increments after separating the Ap horizon. Total (EPA-3050B), bioavailable (Mehlich-I), sequential extraction, and dispersible clay analyses were performed on samples from the control, 126 Mg ha(-1), and 210 Mg ha(-1) treatments. Trace metals are still concentrated in the top 0.2 m with slight enrichment down to 0.3 m. More than 85% of applied Cu, Ni, and Zn are still found in the topsoil where biosolids was incorporated and 95% or more of the applied metals were accounted for with mass balance calculations. Mehlich-I results showed a slight increase in metal concentration down to 0.35 m. Biosolids application increased the concentrations of trace metals in all the extracted fractions. The major portions of Cu, Zn, and Ni are associated with the metal-oxides fraction. Dispersible clay content and water-soluble metal contents were low and except for water-soluble Zn they were not affected by biosolids application. Results from this study showed that 17 yr after biosolids application there was negligible movement of trace metals through the soil profile and consequently there is little risk of contamination of ground water at this site. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sukkariyah, BF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM bsukkari@vt.edu NR 48 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1843 EP 1850 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0180 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300039 PM 16151236 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Sheridan, JM AF Lowrance, R Sheridan, JM TI Surface runoff water quality in a. managed three zone riparian buffer SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; NITROGEN INPUT; FILTER STRIPS; SOIL RESPONSE; MODEL REMM; NUTRIENT; SEDIMENT; SYSTEM; FOREST; TRANSPORT AB Managed riparian forest buffers are an important conservation practice but there are little data on the water quality effects of buffer management. We measured surface runoff volumes and nutrient concentrations and loads in a riparian buffer system consisting of (moving down slope from the field) a grass strip, a managed forest, and an unmanaged forest. The managed forest consisted of sections of clear-cut, thinned, and mature forest. The mature forest had significantly lower flow-weighted concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, total Kjeldahl N (TKN), sediment TKN, total N (nitrate + TKN), dissolved molybdate reactive P (DMRP), total P, and chloride. The average buffer represented the conditions along a stream reach with a buffer system in different stages of growth. Compared with the field output, flow-weighted concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, DMRP, and total P decreased significantly within the buffer and flow-weighted concentrations of TKN, total N, and chloride increased significantly within the buffer. All loads decreased significantly from the field to the middle of the buffer, but most loads increased from the middle of the buffer to the sampling point nearest the stream because surface runoff volume increased near the stream. The largest percentage reduction of the incoming nutrient load (at least 65% for all nutrient forms) took place in the grass buffer zone because of the large decrease (68%) in flow. The average buffer reduced loadings for all nutrient species, from 27% for TKN to 63% for sediment P. The managed forest and grass buffer combined was an effective buffer system. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2379 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM Lorenz@tifton.usda.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1851 EP 1859 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0291 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968PK UT WOS:000232174300040 PM 16151237 ER PT J AU Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Khan, IA Schaneberg, BT AF Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Khan, IA Schaneberg, BT TI Essential oil composition of three Italian species of Ephedra SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ephedra distachya; Ephedra fragilis; Ephedra major; Ephedraceae; essential oil composition; ethyl benzoate; (E)-phytol ID WEIGHT-LOSS; EVOLUTION; TRIAL AB The chemical compositions of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ephedra distachya, E. fragilis, and E. major from Italy were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents found in the oil of E. distachya were ethyl benzoate (46.9%), benzaldehyde (8.0%), and cis-calamenene (3.6%). In the oil of E. fragilis, (E)-phytol (10.1%), pentacosane (5.2%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (5.3%), cis-thujopsene (3.5%), and alpha-terpineol (3.0%) were the major components. The oil of E. major contained eugenol (4.3%), alpha-terpineol (3.7%) and methyl linoleate (3.5%) as main compnents. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci,Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kobaisy, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Box 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 542 EP 546 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 959UP UT WOS:000231545100023 ER PT J AU Adl, SM Simpson, AGB Farmer, MA Andersen, RA Anderson, OR Barta, JR Bowser, SS Brugerolle, G Fensome, RA Fredericq, S James, TY Karpov, S Kugrens, P Krug, J Lane, CE Lewis, LA Lodge, J Lynn, DH Mann, DG McCourt, RM Mendoza, L Moestrup, O Mozley-Standridge, SE Nerad, TA Shearer, CA Smirnov, AV Spiegel, FW Taylor, MFJR AF Adl, SM Simpson, AGB Farmer, MA Andersen, RA Anderson, OR Barta, JR Bowser, SS Brugerolle, G Fensome, RA Fredericq, S James, TY Karpov, S Kugrens, P Krug, J Lane, CE Lewis, LA Lodge, J Lynn, DH Mann, DG McCourt, RM Mendoza, L Moestrup, O Mozley-Standridge, SE Nerad, TA Shearer, CA Smirnov, AV Spiegel, FW Taylor, MFJR TI The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; amoebae; ciliates; flagellates; fungi; microbiology; microorganisms; parasites; plankton; protozoa; systematics; taxonomy ID PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; FORAMINIFERA; SEQUENCES; CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; SYSTEMATICS; HELIOZOA; PLASTIDS; PROTOZOA AB This revision of the classification of unicellular eukaryotes updates that of Levine et al. (1980) for the protozoa and expands it to include other protists. Whereas the previous revision was primarily to incorporate the results of ultrastructural studies, this revision incorporates results from both Ultrastructural research since 1980 and molecular phylogenetic studies. We propose a scheme that is based on nameless ranked systematics. The vocabulary of the taxonomy is updated, particularly to clarify the naming of groups that have been repositioned. We recognize six clusters of eukaryotes that may represent the basic groupings similar to traditional "kingdoms." The multicellular lineages emerged from within monophyletic protist lineages: animals and fungi from Opisthokonta, plants from Archaeplastida, and brown algae from Stramenopiles. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Ctr Ultrastruct Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Lamont Dogherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Herzen State Pedag Univ Russia, Fac Biol, St Petersburg 191186, Russia. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO USA. Royal Ontario Museum, Mycol Sect, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Luquillo, PR USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Royal Bot Gardens, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Med Technol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Phycol, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30606 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Invertebrate Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Univ British Columbia, Dept Oceanog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Lynn, DH (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM ddr@uoguelph.ca RI Lynn, Denis/F-4939-2010; Mann, David/I-9018-2014; Smirnov, Alexey/K-3743-2013; Karpov, Sergey/H-3271-2013; Adl, Sina/R-3187-2016; OI Lynn, Denis/0000-0002-1554-7792; Mann, David/0000-0003-0522-6802; Smirnov, Alexey/0000-0002-9844-5344; Karpov, Sergey/0000-0002-1509-1908; Simpson, Alastair/0000-0002-4133-1709; Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271; Moestrup, Ojvind/0000-0003-0965-8645 NR 45 TC 920 Z9 997 U1 13 U2 232 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 399 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x PG 53 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 979GP UT WOS:000232930700001 PM 16248873 ER PT J AU Peterson, J Dwyer, J Bhagwat, S Haytowitz, D Holden, J Eldridge, AL Beecher, G Aladesanmi, J AF Peterson, J Dwyer, J Bhagwat, S Haytowitz, D Holden, J Eldridge, AL Beecher, G Aladesanmi, J TI Major flavonoids in dry tea SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE database; flavan-3-ol; flavonol; flavone; tea ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GREEN TEA; BLACK TEA; FRUIT JUICES; GALLIC ACID; HEALTH; CANCER; POLYPHENOLS; INFUSIONS; CATECHINS AB Data in the food composition analytical literature were reviewed. They were then aggregated and assembled into a provisional database for the major flavonoids in brewed tea. As levels of fermentation increased from green to oolong to black tea, the major flavan-3-ol profiles changed. Total catechins were 13.6 g/100 g in green and 4.2 g/100 g dry weight in black tea. A discussion of methods to calculate the flavonoid content in tea is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN USA. ARS, Food Composit Lab, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Ife, Nigeria. RP Peterson, J (reprint author), 20 Webster Av, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. EM julia.peterson@tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 53 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 18 IS 6 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.05.006 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 909HK UT WOS:000227850800003 ER PT J AU Eblen, DR Levine, P Rose, BE Saini, P Mageau, R Hill, WE AF Eblen, DR Levine, P Rose, BE Saini, P Mageau, R Hill, WE TI Nationwide microbiological baseline data collected by sponge sampling during 1997 and 1998 for cattle, swine, Turkeys, and geese SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CARCASSES; BEEF; EXCISION AB During 1997 and 1998, the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service completed nationwide microbiological baseline studies on four separate categories of livestock and poultry. Data were collected by sponge-sampling techniques. These studies were designed to provide nationwide estimates of the prevalence of Salmonella and prevalence and concentrations of Escherichia coli in cattle (n = 1,881), swine (n = 2,127), turkeys (n = 1,396), and geese (n = 102) in establishments under federal inspection. Salmonella prevalence ranged from 1.2% in cattle to 6.9% in swine, 13.7% in geese, and 19.6% in turkeys. The prevalence of E. coli was 16.6% in cattle (geometric mean = 0.26 CFU/cm(2)), 44.1% in swine (mean = 0.78 CFU/cm(2)), 92.7% in turkey (mean = 2.46 CFU/cm(2)), and 96.5% in geese (mean = 1.97 CFU/cm(2)). These values are similar to or somewhat lower than previous baseline values obtained for steers and heifers, cows and bulls, market hogs, and young turkeys. This study is the first in which nationwide microbiological baseline data have been compiled for geese. These data will be useful to individuals working with hazard analysis critical control point plans and risk assessment and to the research and academic communities. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Levine, P (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM priscilla.levine@fsis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1848 EP 1852 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800009 PM 16161683 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Huang, TS Seymour, TA Wei, CI Kempf, SC Bridgman, CR Momcilovic, D Clemens, RA An, HJ AF Kim, SH Huang, TS Seymour, TA Wei, CI Kempf, SC Bridgman, CR Momcilovic, D Clemens, RA An, HJ TI Development of immunoassay for detection of meat and bone meal in animal feed SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CALDESMON; ANTIBODY; TISSUES AB An immunoassay system was developed for efficient detection of prohibited meat and bone meal (MBM) in animal feed. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against bovine smooth muscle autoclaved at 130 degrees C for 20 min. Among the 1,500 supernatants of hybridoma cells screened, MAbs 3131, 1G3, and 31310 were selected and characterized in this study. The first set of MAbs produced, 3131 and 1G3, had stronger reactivity against MBM than against smooth muscle that was heat treated at 90 degrees C for 10 min. However, reactivity gradually increased against smooth muscle that was autoclaved at 130 degrees C for up to 1 h. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of MBM in animal feed was optimized with the MAb 31310 because of its superior performance. MAb 31310 diluted to 100-fold was used to differentiate bovine MBM from that of other species in ingredients used for commercial animal feeds and could detect down to 0.05% MBM mixed in animal feed. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Human Environm Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Hybridoma Facil, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Human Environm Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM kimshin@okstate.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1860 EP 1865 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800011 PM 16161685 ER PT J AU Brzezinski, JL AF Brzezinski, JL TI Detection of crustacean DNA and species identification using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE PROTEIN TROPOMYOSIN; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MITOCHONDRIAL 16S; SHRIMP ALLERGEN; SEAFOOD ALLERGY; FOOD ALLERGY; SEQUENCES; DECAPODA AB The detection of potentially allergenic proteins, such as those derived from crustaceans, in food products is a major concern for the food processing industry. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was designed to detect the presence of crustacean DNA in food products and to determine the species source of the DNA. This PCR assay amplifies an approximately 205-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene in crustacean species, including shrimp, crab, lobster, and crawfish. This reaction will not amplify DNA derived from mammals, such as cow and sheep. After amplification, the PCR product is digested with differential restriction endonucleases to determine the species source of the crustacean DNA. The specificity of this assay was demonstrated using four species of shrimp, three species of crab, and two species of lobster and crawfish. This assay is sensitive enough to detect crustacean DNA in a raw meat mixture containing < 0.1% shrimp. C1 USDA, Forens Chem Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. RP Brzezinski, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forens Chem Ctr, 6751 Steger Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. EM jennifer.brzezinski@fda.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1866 EP 1873 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800012 PM 16161686 ER PT J AU Edelson-Mammel, SG Porteous, MK Buchanan, RL AF Edelson-Mammel, SG Porteous, MK Buchanan, RL TI Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii in a dehydrated powdered infant formula SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; MILK; CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK AB A quantity of dehydrated powdered infant formula was prepared to contain Enterobacter sakazakii strain 607 at approximately 10(6) CFU/ml when rehydrated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The survival of the microorganism in the dry formula was followed for 2 years, during which samples periodically were rehydrated and analyzed for viable E. sakazakii. During the initial 5 months of storage at room temperature, viable counts declined approximately 2.4 log cycles. During the subsequent 19 months, the concentration of viable E. sakazakii declined an additional 1.0 log cycle. These results indicate that a small percentage of E. sakazakii cells can survive for extended periods in dehydrated powdered infant formula. C1 USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM robert.buchanan@cfsan.fda.gov NR 18 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1900 EP 1902 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800016 PM 16161690 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Kincaid, J Kubota, K Hise, K Hunter, SB Fair, MA Norton, D Woo-Ming, A Kurzynski, T Sotir, MJ Head, M Holt, K Swaminathan, B AF Gerner-Smidt, P Kincaid, J Kubota, K Hise, K Hunter, SB Fair, MA Norton, D Woo-Ming, A Kurzynski, T Sotir, MJ Head, M Holt, K Swaminathan, B TI Molecular surveillance of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 by PulseNet USA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTIONS AB PulseNet USA is the national molecular subtyping network system for foodborne disease surveillance. Sixty-four public health and food regulatory laboratories participate in PulseNet USA and routinely perform pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia colt isolated from humans, food, water, and the environment on a real-time basis. Clusters of infection are detected in three ways within this system: through rapidly alerting the participants in the electronic communication forum, the PulseNet Web conference; through cluster analysis by the database administrators at the coordinating center at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the patterns uploaded to the central server by the participants; and by matching profiles of strains from nonhuman sources with recent human uploads to the national server. The strengths, limitations, and scope for future improvements of PulseNet are discussed with examples from 2002. In that year, notices of 30 clusters of Shiga toxigenic E. coli O157 infections were posted on the Web conference, 26 of which represented local outbreaks, whereas four were multistate outbreaks. Another 27 clusters were detected by central cluster detection performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, of which five represented common source outbreaks confirmed after finding an isolate with the outbreak pattern in the implicated food. Ten food isolates submitted without suspicion of an association to human disease matched human isolates in the database, and an epidemiologic link to human cases was established for six of them. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Lab Serv Div, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mail Stop C03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plg5@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1926 EP 1931 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 961VV UT WOS:000231690800023 PM 16161697 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Impact of ionizing radiation and thermal treatments on furan levels in fruit juice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE furan; ionizing radiation; juice; apple; orange; solid-phase microextraction; thermal treatments ID ORANGE JUICE; IRRADIATION; INACTIVATION; QUALITY; ACID AB The formation of furan in freshly prepared apple and orange juices as affected by ionizing radiation and thermal treatments was studied using a newly developed solid-phase microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results show that furan levels increased linearly as radiation dose increased, from 0 to 5 kGy. Irradiation induced more furan in. apple juice than in orange juice. During, post-irradiation storage at 4 degrees C, furan levels increased in both apple and orange juices, particularly in the 1st 3 d. On the other hand, irradiation degraded deuterated furan (d(4)-furan) spiked in water and fruit juices. The rate of degradation as a function of radiation dose was the highest in water and the lowest in orange juice. Submerging the juice samples in boiling water for 5 min induced higher amounts of furan in orange juice than in apple juice, but autoclaving (121 degrees C, 25 min) resulted in more furan formation in apple juice than in orange juice. Results reported here suggest that both ionizing radiation and thermal treatments induce furan formation in fruit juices. C1 USDA ARS, Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 70 IS 7 BP E409 EP E414 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11468.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 969ET UT WOS:000232216900006 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB Sommers, CH Niemira, BA Mattheis, JP AF Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB Sommers, CH Niemira, BA Mattheis, JP TI Effects of calcium ascorbate and ionizing radiation on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and product quality of fresh-cut 'Gala' apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irradiation; fresh-cut apple; calcium ascorbate; Listeria monocytogenes; quality ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; SENSITIVITY; SALMONELLA; SLICES; RESPIRATION; INNOCUA AB The interactive effects of calcium ascorbate (CaA) and ionizing radiation on viability of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in solutions and on 'Gala' apple slices were investigated. The D-10 values (radiation doses that inactivate 90% of bacterial population) for L. monocytogenes inoculated in water, 3.5%, and 7.0% CaA solutions were 0.32, 0.61, and 0.58 kGy, respectively. The D-10 values of the pathogen on the surface of apple slices treated with water, 3.5%, and 7.0% CaA were 0.24, 0.32, and 0.32 kGy, respectively. To determine the impact of CaA and irradiation on quality of apple slices, apple slices treated with 0%, 3.5%, and 7.0% CaA were exposed to 1.6 kGy gamma radiation (a dose that produced a 5-log reduction of L. monocytogenes) and stored under modified atmosphere at 4 degrees C for 14 d. CaA at levels of both 3.5% and 7.0% prevented the browning of the apple slices. The apple aroma intensity; however, decreased as the concentration of CaA increased. Irradiation at 1.6 kGy did not significantly affect color, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, or apple aroma intensity. The only negative effect of irradiation on apple slices appeared to be a loss of firmness. Our results suggest that CaA used as an antibrowning agent, protected L. monocytogenes from radiation both in solution and on apple slices: but radiation at doses sufficient to inactivate 5-log of the bacterium did not significantly influence product quality attributes except for the loss in firmness. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 e Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 70 IS 7 BP M352 EP M358 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11479.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 969ET UT WOS:000232216900017 ER PT J AU Tomberlin, JK Tertuliano, M Rains, G Lewis, WJ AF Tomberlin, JK Tertuliano, M Rains, G Lewis, WJ TI Conditioned Microplitis croceipes cresson (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) detect and respond to 2,4-DNT: Development of a biological sensor SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PARASITIC WASP; HOST; HELIOTHIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB We examined the ability of M. croceipes to learn, detect, and respond to 2,4-DNT, which is a volatile discriminator of trinitrotoluene (TNT). The percentage of conditioned wasps to detect and respond to the various concentrations of 2,4-DNT for >= 15 sec was measured. Significantly more of the conditioned wasps responded to the concentration of 2,4-DNT used for conditioning than other concentrations examined. Accordingly, percent conditioned wasps to respond >= 15 sec could be used as a suitable measure to screen air samples and distinguish between samples with or without the target odorant. The data recorded in this study indicate the measured behavior could be used to estimate the concentration of target odorants. Data in this study indicate M. croceipes can detect and respond to this compound, which provide further support for its development as a biological sensor. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Crop Management & Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tomberlin, JK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, 1229 NUS Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1520/JFS2005014 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 961KE UT WOS:000231660300025 PM 16225227 ER PT J AU Moser, WK AF Moser, WK TI Appropriate levels of information SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Moser, WK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wkmoser@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300001 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Holden, GR Nelson, MD Liknes, GC Moser, WK Lister, AJ King, SL LaPoint, EB Coulston, JW Smith, WB Reams, GA AF McRoberts, RE Holden, GR Nelson, MD Liknes, GC Moser, WK Lister, AJ King, SL LaPoint, EB Coulston, JW Smith, WB Reams, GA TI Estimating and circumventing the effects of perturbing and swapping inventory plot locations SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE estimation; models; correlation; bias AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service reports data and information about the Notion's forest resources. Increasingly, users request that FIA data and information he reported and distributed in a geospatial context, and they request access to exact plot locations for their own analyses. However, the FIA program is constrained by law from disclosing exact locations and, instead, releases only approximate locations. The results of the study indicate that the effects of using approximate locations are negligible for design-based estimates for circular areas of radii greater than approximately 20 mi (32 km). For model-based estimates, the results are less definitive and depend on the modeling technique, the spatial resolution of units on which variables are observed, spatial correlation in the variables, and the quality of fit of the model to the data. Several methods for circumventing the effects of the approximate locations are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest SErv, Washington Off, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; gholden@fs.fed.us; mdnelson@fs.fed.us; gliknes@fs.fed.us; wkmoser@fs.fed.us; alister@fs.fed.us; sking01@fs.fed.us; elapoint@fs.fed.us; jcoulston@fs.fed.us; bsmith12@fs.fed.us; greams@fs.fed.us NR 6 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300003 ER PT J AU Shaw, JD Steed, BE DeBlander, LT AF Shaw, JD Steed, BE DeBlander, LT TI Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory answers the question: What is happening to pinyon-juniper woodlands? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; FIA; pinyon pines; pinyon-juniper woodlands; drought; mortality; Ips confusus; bark beetles; southwestern United States AB Widespread mortality in the pinyon-juniper forest type is associated with several years of drought in the southwestern United States. A complex of drought, insects, and disease is responsible for pinyon mortality rates approaching 100% in some areas, while other areas have experienced little or no mortality. Implementation of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory in several states coincided with the onset of elevated mortality rates. Adjunct inventories provided supplemental data on damaging agents. Preliminary analysis reveals the status and trends of mortality in pinyon-juniper woodlands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. USDA Forest Hlth Protect, Ogden Field Off, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Shaw, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM jdshaw@fs.fed.us; bsteed@fs.fed.us; ldeblander@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 280 EP 285 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300004 ER PT J AU Reutebuch, SE Andersen, HE McGaughey, RJ AF Reutebuch, SE Andersen, HE McGaughey, RJ TI Light detection and ranging (LIDAR): An emerging tool for multiple resource inventory SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; airborne laser scanning; forest inventory; forest structure; forest monitoring ID FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS; AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; SMALL-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; TREE HEIGHT; DENSITY; BIOMASS; GENERATION; VOLUME AB Airborne laser scanning of forests has been shown to provide accurate terrain models and, at the same time, estimates of multiple resource inventory variables through active sensing of three-dimensional (M) forest vegetation. Brief overviews of airborne laser scanning technology [often referred to as "light detection and ranging" (LIDAR)] and research findings on its use in forest measurement and monitoring are presented. Currently, many airborne laser scanning missions are flown with specifications designed for terrain mapping, often resulting in data sets that do not contain key information needed for vegetation measurement. Therefore, standards and specifications for airborne laser scanning missions are needed to insure their usefulness for vegetation measurement and monitoring, rather than simply terrain mapping (e.g., delivery of all return data with reflection intensity). Five simple, easily understood LIDAR-derived forest data products are identified that would help insure that forestry needs are considered when multiresource LIDAR missions are flown. Once standards are developed, there is an opportunity to maximize the value of permanent ground plot remeasurements by also collecting airborne laser data over a limited number of plots each year. C1 Univ Washington, USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reutebuch, SE (reprint author), Univ Washington, USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 292 Bloedel Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sreutebuch@fs.fed.us; hanserik@u.washington.edu; bmcgaughy@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 21 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300005 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Charney, JJ Liknes, GC Potter, BE AF Woodall, CW Charney, JJ Liknes, GC Potter, BE TI What is the fire danger now? Linking fuel inventories with atmospheric data SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire danger; fine woody fuels; Forest Inventory and Analysis; mesoscale ID UNITED-STATES; COVER AB The combination of forest fuel maps with real-time atmospheric data may enable the creation of more dynamic and comprehensive assessments of fire danger. The goal of this study was to combine fuel maps, based on data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service, with real-time atmospheric data for the creation of a more dynamic index of fire danger. Results indicated fuel loadings and moisture could be estimated for specific points on a meteorological modeling grid network (4 X 4 km; based on FIA's strategic-scale fuel inventory and atmospheric data) enabling the current assessment and 1- to 2-day prediction of fire danger as well as refined understanding of fire danger across forest ecosystems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us; jcharney@fs.fed.us; gliknes@fs.fed.us; bpotter@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300006 ER PT J AU Sader, S Hoppus, M Metzler, J Jin, S AF Sader, S Hoppus, M Metzler, J Jin, S TI Perspectives of Maine forest cover change from Landsat imagery and forest inventory analysis (FIA) SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; Landsat; FIA; forest change AB A forest change detection map was developed to document forest gains and losses during the decade of the 1990s. The effectiveness of the Landsat imagery and methods for detecting Maine forest cover change are indicated by the good accuracy assessment results: forest-no change, forest loss, and forest gain accuracy were 90, 88, and 92%, respectively, and the good correlation of mapped areas of forest cover loss with forest inventory analysis (FIA) tree size class decrease at the county level. The combination of annually collected permanent FIA plots with accurate statewide forest change maps offers a complementary perspective of Maine's forest resource. C1 Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Forest Soc Maine, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04409 USA. RP Sader, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, 260 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM sader@umenfa.maine.edu; mhoppus@fs.fed.us; Jake@fsmaine.org; suming_jin@umit.maine.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300007 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Bechtold, WA Patterson, PL Scott, CT Reams, GA AF McRoberts, RE Bechtold, WA Patterson, PL Scott, CT Reams, GA TI The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program of the USDA Forest Service: Historical perspective and announcement of statistical documentation SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE ends-ways-means; sampling estimation; remote sensing AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service has initiated a transition from regional, periodic inventories to an enhanced national FIA program featuring annual measurement of a proportion of plots in each state, greater national consistency, and integration with the ground sampling component of the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program. The transition has required conceptual and technical changes in the statistical methodology that supports the program. This article provides a brief historical perspective on the FIA program, announces publication of the statistical documentation supporting the program, previews individual chapters in the documentation, and provides a brief discussion of areas where investigations are continuing. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Natl Off, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us; wabechtold@fs.fed.us; plpatterson@fs.fed.us; ctscott@fs.fed.us; greams@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 971WT UT WOS:000232416300008 ER PT J AU Choi, IR Horken, KM Stenger, DC French, R AF Choi, IR Horken, KM Stenger, DC French, R TI An internal RNA element in the P3 cistron of Wheat streak mosaic virus revealed by synonymous mutations that affect both movement and replication SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; TOBACCO ETCH POTYVIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; VPG URIDYLYLATION; CAPSID PROTEIN; CODING SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE SITE; VIRAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CYLINDRICAL INCLUSIONS AB Multiple synonymous substitution mutations in the Wheat streak mosaic virus P3 cistron did not affect translation in vitro but rendered the virus incapable of systemic infection. Multiple synonymous substitutions in the cylindrical inclusion cistron did not alter infectivity or in vitro translation. To assess replication and movement phenotypes, P3 mutations were placed in context with a GUS reporter gene. GUS activity measured in barley protoplasts 36 h post-transfection indicated that mutants with synonymous substitutions in P3 retained the ability to replicate at 22-80% of wild-type levels, Almost no GUS activity was detected in protoplasts transfected with a P3 frame-shift mutant. Histochemical GUS assays conducted 3 days post-inoculation (p.i.) revealed genomes with multiple synonymous substitutions in P3, which were able to establish infection foci limited to small clusters of cells that increased in size only slightly by 5 days p.i. Infection foci produced by wild-type Wheat streak mosaic virus-expressing GUS were much larger at 3 days p.i. and had coalesced by 5 days p.i. No GUS activity was detected in plants inoculated with the frame-shift mutant bearing GUS. Three of four mutants, each with a single synonymous substitution in the 3'-proximal half of the P3 cistron, were wild-type with respect to systemic infectivity. A model RNA secondary structure obtained for the region was disrupted by the debilitating single mutation but not by the other three single mutations. Collectively, these results identify an internal RNA sequence element in the P3 cistron that affects both replication and movement of the viral genome. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP French, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rfrench@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 54 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 86 BP 2605 EP 2614 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81081-0 PN 9 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 958XS UT WOS:000231482100024 PM 16099920 ER PT J AU Van, K Hwang, EY Kim, MY Park, HJ Lee, SH Cregan, PB AF Van, K Hwang, EY Kim, MY Park, HJ Lee, SH Cregan, PB TI Discovery of SNPs in soybean genotypes frequently used as the parents of mapping populations in the United States and Korea SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; PRIMER EXTENSION; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; MARKERS; GENOME; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including insertion/deletions (indels) serve as useful and informative genetic markers. The availability of high-throughput and inexpensive SNP typing systems has increased interest in the development of SNP markers. After fragments of genes were amplified with primers derived from 110 soybean GenBank ESTs, sequencing data of PCR products from 15 soybean genotypes from Korea and the United States were analyzed by SeqScape software to find SNPs. Among 35 gene fragments with at least one SNP among the 15 genotypes, SNPs occurred at a frequency of 1 per 2,038 bp in 16,302 bp of coding sequence and 1 per 191 bp in 16,960 bp of noncoding regions. This corresponds to a nucleotide diversity (theta) of 0.00017 and 0.00186, respectively. Of the 97 SNPs discovered, 78 or 80.4% were present in the six North American soybean mapping parents. The addition of "Hwaeomputkong," which originated from Japan, increased the number to 92, or 94.8% of the total number of SNPs present among the 15 genotypes. Thus, Hwaeomputkong and the six North American mapping parents provide a diverse set of soybean genotypes that can be successfully used for SNP discovery in coding DNA and closely associated introns and untranslated regions. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Natl Inst Agr Biotechnol, Biosafety Div, Suwon 441707, South Korea. ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM sukhalee@snu.ac.kr NR 30 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 96 IS 5 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi069 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 967PN UT WOS:000232103800007 PM 15994422 ER PT J AU Stinard, PS Sachs, MM AF Stinard, PS Sachs, MM TI Spotting factor (Spf) from the spotted-dilute system in maize is a member of the En/Spm controlling element family SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sachs, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM msachs@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 96 IS 5 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi077 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 967PN UT WOS:000232103800015 PM 15958796 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, KD Beuselinck, PR AF Bilyeu, KD Beuselinck, PR TI Genetic divergence between North American ancestral soybean lines and introductions with resistance to soybean cyst nematode revealed by chloroplast haplotype SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GENUS GLYCINE; CULTIVATED SOYBEANS; SUBGENUS SOJA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; SEQUENCE VARIATION; DNA; DIVERSITY; WILD; GENOME; PLANT C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 96 IS 5 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1093/jhered/esi087 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 967PN UT WOS:000232103800017 PM 15947084 ER PT J AU Quinn, VS Hews, DK AF Quinn, VS Hews, DK TI Detection and response to conspecific chemical cues by ornate tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMORAL GLAND SECRETIONS; LACERTA-MONTICOLA; SEXUAL SELECTION; VISUAL-DISPLAY; IGUANID LIZARD; FECAL PELLETS; COMMON LIZARD; COLOR; SIGNALS; DISCRIMINATION AB Although many lizard species detect and respond to conspecific chemical cues, variation in this ability among populations of the same species from different habitat types is less well understood. We compared chemoreceptive behaviors and head-bobs in response to conspecific chemical cues by Ornate Tree Lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) between populations from an upland forested habitat and a lowland desert habitat. Under this experimental design, U. ornatus from different habitats performed chemoreceptive behaviors and head-bobs at similar rates. Rate of chemoreceptive behaviors and head-bobs in response to chemical cues deposited by same- and opposite-sex conspecifics was higher than that of cues deposited by the subject in their home tank, demonstrating that U. ornatus has the ability to detect cues from conspecifics. Head-bob rate was also higher in same- and opposite-sex tanks compared to home tanks, demonstrating that chemical cues alter the rate of a social display behavior. Urosaurus ornatus exhibited chemosensory behavior at rates similar to rates reported for this species and lower than those reported for other phrynosomatid lizards, suggesting a lower reliance on chemical cues in social interactions. C1 Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Quinn, VS (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM vquinn@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1670/207-04N.1 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967TT UT WOS:000232114800022 ER PT J AU Youn, HS Lee, JY Fitzgerald, KA Young, HA Akira, S Hwang, DH AF Youn, HS Lee, JY Fitzgerald, KA Young, HA Akira, S Hwang, DH TI Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: Molecular targets are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; DOMAIN-CONTAINING ADAPTER; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; MITOGEN-INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CUTTING EDGE; FATTY-ACIDS; ACTIVATION AB TLRs can activate two distinct branches of downstream signaling pathways. MyD88 and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) pathways lead, to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN genes, respectively. Numerous reports have demonstrated that resveratrol, a phytoalexin with anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits NF-kappa B activation and other downstream signaling pathways leading to the suppression of target gene expression. However, the direct targets of resveratrol have not been identified. In this study, we attempted to identify the molecular target for resveratrol in TLR-mediated signaling pathways. Resveratrol suppressed NF-kappa B activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells following TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation, but not TLR2 or TLR9. Further, resveratrol inhibited NF-kappa B activation induced by TRIF, but not by MyD88. The activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and the expression of IFN-beta induced by LPS, poly(I:C), or TRIF were also suppressed by resveratrol. The suppressive effect of resveratrol on LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation was abolished in TRIF-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, whereas LPS-induced degradation of I kappa B alpha and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were still inhibited in MyD88-deficient macrophages. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited the kinase activity of TANK-binding kinase 1 and the NF-kappa B activation induced by RIP1 in RAW264.7 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that resveratrol specifically inhibits TRIF signaling in the TLR3 and TLR4 pathway by targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. The results raise the possibility that certain dietary phytochemicals can modulate TLR-derived signaling and inflammatory target gene expression and can alter susceptibility to microbial infection and chronic inflammatory diseases. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. NCI, Expt Immunol Lab, Canc Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Host Def, Microbial Dis Res Inst, Osaka, Japan. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Meyer Hall,1Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dhwang@whnrc.usda.gov RI Akira, Shizuo/C-3134-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK064007, DK41868] NR 61 TC 152 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 2005 VL 175 IS 5 BP 3339 EP 3346 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 966HL UT WOS:000232010600068 PM 16116226 ER PT J AU Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP AF Ugine, TA Wraight, SP Sanderson, JP TI Acquisition of lethal doses of Beauveria bassiana conidia by western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, exposed to foliar spray residues of formulated and unformulated conidia SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE western flower thrips; Frankliniella occidentalis; Beauveria bassiana; bioassay; formulations; foliar spray residues; secondary pick-up ID FUNGUS METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; THYSANOPTERA; FLAVOVIRIDE; OIL; RESISTANCE; INFECTION AB Secondary acquisition of Beauveria bassiana conidia was recorded on the whole bodies and selected body parts of second-instar nymphs and adult female western flower thrips exposed to foliar spray residues of three differently formulated conidial preparations, for 24 h. Conidia were formulated in emulsifiable oil or with clay (wettable powder), or were essentially unformulated conidia (technical grade powder suspended in water with a surfactant). Formulation had no significant effect on dose acquisition and no effect on virulence of acquired conidia. The mean nymphal LC50/LD50 was 116 conidia/mm(2) and 52 conidia/insect, respectively; the values for adults were 19conidia/mm(2) and 5 conidia/insect. Greatest numbers of conidia were recorded on the legs and abdomens of nymphs and on the legs, wings, and thoraces of adults. As would be expected, numbers of conidia acquired increased with residue concentration (application rate). However, an inverse relationship was noted between acquisition rate (conidia acquired/total conidia applied) and residue concentration. The mechanism underlying this response was not determined. However, there was no indication that any body parts (e.g., tarsi) became saturated with spores, which suggests that either the thrips were repelled by the conidial residues or that as the concentrations of conidia on the substrate increased, conidia somehow became more difficult to acquire. Slopes of the LC probit regressions were lower than those of the LD regressions (mean 1.14 vs 1.78), suggesting that the low slopes often obtained in fungal pathogen assays could be partly an artifact of unequal rates of dose acquisition at low vs high application rates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ugine, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tau2@cornell.edu; spw4@cornell.edu; jps3@cornell.edu NR 40 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 90 IS 1 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.07.003 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 976IN UT WOS:000232727000002 PM 16165151 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Kurilich, AC Britz, SJ Clevidence, BA AF Novotny, JA Kurilich, AC Britz, SJ Clevidence, BA TI Plasma appearance of labeled beta-carotene, lutein, and retinol in humans after consumption of isotopically labeled kale SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; vitamin A; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Brassica oleracea ID VITAMIN-A EQUIVALENCE; LC-APCI-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADULT VOLUNTEER; BIOAVAILABILITY; METABOLISM; VEGETABLES; TRACER AB The bioavailability of carotenoids from kale was investigated by labeling nutrients in kale with C-13, feeding the kale to seven adult volunteers, and analyzing serial plasma samples for labeled lutein, beta-carotene, and retinol. Ingested doses of labeled carotenoids were 34 mu mol for beta-carotene and 33 mu mol for lutein. Peak plasma concentrations, areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs), and percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were calculated. Average peak plasma concentrations were 0.38, 0.068, and 0.079 mu M for [C-13]lutein, [C-13] beta-carotene, and [C-13]retinol, respectively. Average AUC values (over 28 days) were 42.8, 13.6, 13.2 mu M h for [C-13]lutein, [C-13]beta-carotene, and [C-13]retinol, respectively. Percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were 3.6, 0.7, and 0.7% for [C-13]lutein, [C-13]beta-carotene, and [C-13]retinol, respectively. A positive relationship was observed between baseline plasma retinol levels and [C-13]retinol plasma response. It is possible that this relationship was mediated either through some aspect of beta-carotene absorption or via the common pathways of metabolism for postdose and endogenous retinoid. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotnyj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1896 EP 1903 DI 10.1194/jlr.M400504-JLR200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 955RG UT WOS:000231244200011 PM 15897604 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE AF Miller, RJ Davey, RB George, JE TI First report of organophosphate-resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) within the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus; Rhipicephalus; pesticide resistance; cattle tick; acaricide ID CATTLE TICK; TEMPERATURE; ANNULATUS; STRAINS AB Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), collected from Starr County, Texas, were determined to be resistant to the organophosphorus acaricides coumsphos and diazinon. Initial bioassay results from wild-collected ticks produced a probit regression slope (SE) of 3.96 (0.22), which was different from that obtained from a susceptible reference population 6.97 (0.38). Resistance ratios (RRs) (95% CI) indicated that the population was resistant to coumaphos 3.6 (3.4-3.8), 5.0 (4.5-5.5), and 6.5 (5.4 -7.7) at the LC50,(90),(99), respectively. A second collection of wild ticks made 12 d after all cattle in the infested pasture were treated with cournaphos produced a slope (SE) that was not significantly different from a susceptible laboratory reference population. A second bioassay found these ticks to be resistant to diazinon, RR (95% CI) = 7.1 (6.5-7.7),11.7 (10.3-13.3),17.7 (14.5-21.5) at the LC50,90,99, respectively. The slope (SE) generated from the diazinon bioassay with the resistant ticks was different than that of a reference strain, 2.98 (0.12) and 6.09 (0.35), respectively. The high-dose strategy used by the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program was able to eradicate coumpahos-resistant B. microplus after just two treatments of coumaphos, 12 d apart. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base,Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0912:FROOBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 963ZX UT WOS:000231846500029 PM 16363176 ER PT J AU Graf, BA Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB AF Graf, BA Milbury, PE Blumberg, JB TI Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and human health: Epidemiological evidence SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Korean-Society-of-Food-Science-and-Nutrition CY NOV 17-19, 2004 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Food Sci & Nutr DE cancer; coronary heart disease; epidemiological evidence; flavanones; flavones; flavonoids; flavonols ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; URINARY-EXCRETION; CANCER-RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT FLAVONOLS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; BLACK TEA; BREAST-CANCER; MALE SMOKERS AB Polyphenolic flavonoids are among a wide variety of phytochemicals present in the human diet. Basic research, animal model, and human studies suggest flavonoid intake may reduce the risk of several age-related chronic diseases. The vast number of flavonoids and mixtures of their subclasses, including flavonols, flavones, and flavanones, and the variety of agricultural practices that affect their concentration in foods have presented a challenge to the development of adequate food composition databases for these compounds. Nonetheless, dietary assessments have been applied to cohort and case-control epidemiological studies, and several reveal an inverse association with risk of some forms of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Those observational studies that have examined these relationships with regard to flavonols, flavones, and flavanones are reviewed. The requirement for caution in interpreting these studies is discussed with regard to the limited information available on the bioavailability and biotransformation of these flavonoids. As the totality of the available evidence on these flavonoids suggests a role in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease, further research is warranted, particularly in controlled clinical trials. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 56 TC 182 Z9 194 U1 2 U2 23 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD FAL PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.281 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 969MU UT WOS:000232239100001 PM 16176136 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Akridge, R Bradford, JM Cook, CG Gazaway, WS Kirkpatrick, TL Lawrence, GW Lee, G McGawley, EC Overstreet, C Padgett, B Rodriguez-Kabana, R Westphal, A Young, LD AF Robinson, AF Akridge, R Bradford, JM Cook, CG Gazaway, WS Kirkpatrick, TL Lawrence, GW Lee, G McGawley, EC Overstreet, C Padgett, B Rodriguez-Kabana, R Westphal, A Young, LD TI Vertical distribution of Rotylenchulus reniformis in cotton fields SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; management; nematode; reniform; Rotylenchutus reniformis; vertical distribution ID DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB The possible impact of Rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth was evaluated by measuring the vertical distribution of R. reniformis and soil texture in 20 symptomatic fields on 17 farms across six states. The mean nematode population density per field, 0 to 122 cm deep, ranged from 0.4 to 63 nematodes/g soil, and in 15 fields more than half of the R. reniformis present were below 30.5 cm, which is the greatest depth usually plowed by farmers or sampled by consultants. In 11 fields measured, root density was greatest in the top 15 cm of soil; however, roots consistently penetrated 92 to 122 cm deep by midseason, and in five fields in Texas and Louisiana the ratio of nematodes to root-length density within soil increased with depth. Repeated sampling during the year in Texas indicated that up to 20% of the nematodes in soil below 60 cm in the fall survived the winter. Differences between Baermann funnel and Sugar flotation extraction methods were not important when compared with field-to-field differences in nematode populations and field-specific vertical distribution patterns. The results Support the interpretation that R. reniformis below plow depth can significantly impact diagnosis and treatment of cotton fields infested with R. reniformis. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Auburn Univ, Brewton Agr Res Unit, Brewton, AL 36427 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, New Traits Dev, Cotton Breeding & Germplasm, Victoria, TX 77905 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Arkansas Cooperat Extens Serv, Hope, AR 71801 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Bleckley Ctr Extens Serv, Cochran, GA 31014 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Extens Serv, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Cooperat Extens Serv, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 002UU UT WOS:000234638000005 PM 19262871 ER PT J AU Robinson, AF Cook, CG Westphal, A Bradford, JM AF Robinson, AF Cook, CG Westphal, A Bradford, JM TI Rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth suppresses cotton yield and root growth SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; fumigation; Gossypium hirsutum; nematode; reniform; Rotylenchulus reniformis; vertical distribution; yield ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SOIL TEXTURE; WATER-USE; NEMATODE; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Damage to cotton by Rotylenchulus renifomis below plow depth was evaluated in a sandy clay loam soil at Weslaco, Texas. In December 1999, 14 holes on 51-cm centers were dug 91 cm deep along the planting bed and adjacent furrow and 2 ml of 1,3-clichloropropene was placed 91, 61, and 30 cin deep as each hole was refilled and packed. This technique eliminated 96%, 81%, and 74% of R. reniformis down to 107 cm at distances 0, 25, and 51 cm laterally from the point of application (P <= 0.05), whereas chisel fumigation at 168 liters/ha 43 cm deep reduced nematode numbers only in the top 61 cm (P <= 0.001). Manual placement of fumigant increased yield 92%; chisel fumigation increased yield 88% (P <= 0.005). A second experiment in February 2001 placed fumigant 43 or 81 cm deep, or at both 43 and 81 cm. Holes alone had no significant effect on nematode density at planting, midseason or harvest, on root length density at midseason, or on cotton lint yield. Fumigant at 43 cm reduced nematode numbers above fumigant application depth at planting 94% (P <= 0.02), at midseason 37% (P <= 0.09), and at harvest 0%, increasing yield 57% (P <= 0.002). Fumigant at 81 cm reduced nematode numbers above fumigant application depth at planting 86% (P <= 0.02), at midscason 74% (P: 0.02), and at harvest 48% (P <= 0.01), increasing yield 53% (P <= 0.002). Fumigating at both 43 and 81 cm reduced nematode numbers above 90 cm 94% at planting and 79% at midseason, increased midseason root-length density 14-fold below 76 cm, and doubled yield (P! 0.02 in all cases). C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, New Traits Dev, Cotton Breeding & Germplasm, Victoria, TX 77905 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robinson, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM frobinson@cpru.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 002UU UT WOS:000234638000009 PM 19262875 ER EF