FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Stansbery, AE AF Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Stansbery, AE TI Reduction of ammonia emissions from treated anaerobic swine lagoons SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE ammonia emissions; ammonia flux; ammonia volatilization; anaerobic swine lagoons; free ammonia; manure; nitrogen ID SYNTHETIC COVERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; NITROUS-OXIDE; VOLATILIZATION; SLURRY; ABATEMENT; SAMPLER; STORAGE AB There is a need for treatment technologies that can effectively address environmental concerns associated with manure in confined animal production, including accurate assessment of their environmental benefit. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nuisance odors from manure. To meet these needs, a wastewater treatment plant was demonstrated at full-scale in one of two 4,360-pig production units on a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. The treatment system installed in the first production unit combined new treatment technologies consisting of solid-liquid separation with removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the liquid phase. The second production unit was used as a control to evaluate emission improvements using traditional anaerobic lagoon technology. Both production units had similar production management and lagoons with similar surface area (about 0.9 ha each) and wastewater design. As the treatment system recovered the manure solids and replaced the anaerobic lagoon liquid with cleaner water, it converted the anaerobic lagoon into a treated water pond. Our objective was to study changes in NH3 emissions as a result of improved water quality. The study was done one year after lagoon conversion into aerated pond as a result of manure treatment and included cold and warm weather conditions. Passive flux samplers were used to measure NH3 gas fluxes from both lagoon systems. Average total ammoniacal N (TAN) concentrations in lagoon liquid were 31 and 388 mg/L for the treated and traditional systems, respectively. We found that free NH3 (FA) concentration, which integrates TAN, temperature, and pH into a single factor, explained 90% of the variation in NH3 emissions from these lagoon systems. Lower N concentrations in the converted lagoon substantially reduced annual NH3 emissions by 90% with respect to those found in the traditional anaerobic lagoon. Ammonia emissions from the converted lagoon totaled 1,210 kg N/lagoon/year (or 1,311 kg N/ha/year). This annual rate compares with NH3 emissions of 12,540 kg N/lagoon/year (13,633 kg N/ha/year) from the traditional lagoon. Overall, these results demonstrate that production of clean water using new wastewater technologies can accelerate lagoon cleanup and substantially reduce ammonia emissions from confined animal production. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM szogi@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 217 EP 225 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200024 ER PT J AU Yang, CC Chao, K Chen, YR Kim, MS Early, HL AF Yang, CC Chao, K Chen, YR Kim, MS Early, HL TI Simple multispectral image analysis for systemically diseased chicken identification SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE food safety; image classification; machine vision; region of interest; poultry ID POULTRY CARCASSES; DECISION-TREE; SPECTRAL VARIATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; INGESTA; MEATS AB A simple multispectral differentiation method for the identification of systemically diseased chickens was developed and demonstrated. Color differences between wholesome and systemically diseased chickens were used to select interference filters at 488, 540, 580, and 610 nm for the multispectral imaging system. Over a period of 6 months, 660 chicken images were collected in three batches. An image processing algorithm to locate the region of interest (ROI) was developed in order to define four classification areas on each image: whole carcass (WC), region of interest (ROI), upper region (UR), and lower region (LR). Three feature types, average intensity (AI), average normalization (AN), and average difference normalization (ADN), were defined using several wavebands for a total of 12 classification features. A decision tree algorithm was used to determine threshold values for each of the 12 classification features in each of the four classification areas. The AI feature type was found to identify wholesome and systemically diseased chickens better than the AN and ADN features types. Classification by AI in the ROI area, using the 540 and 580 nm wavebands, achieved the best accuracies. AI(540) achieved 96.3% and 97.1% classification accuracies for wholesome and systemically diseased chickens, respectively. AL(580) achieved 96.3% and 98.6% classification accuracies for wholesome and systemically diseased chickens, respectively. This simple differentiation method shows potential for automated on-line chicken inspection. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chaok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 245 EP 257 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200028 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Lu, R AF Peng, Y Lu, R TI An LCTF-based multispectral imaging system for estimation of apple fruit firmness: Part I. Acquisition and characterization of scattering images SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE apple; firmness; fruit; modified Lorentzian distribution function; multispectral imaging; near-infrared scattering ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; IMPACT FORCE RESPONSE; SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; SUGAR CONTENT; PREDICTING FIRMNESS; INTERNAL QUALITY; PEACH FIRMNESS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Fruit firmness is still routinely measured with the Magness-Taylor penetration method in the fruit industry. This research developed a multispectral imaging system with a low-cost CCD (charge-coupled device) camera and a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) to capture spectral scattering images from apple fruit in 10 nm increments from 650 to 1000 nm. Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples were tested in this research. A modified Lorentzian distribution (MLD) function with four independent parameters was proposed to characterize spectral scattering images. The, MLD function described scattering profiles accurately for wavelengths between 650 and 1000 nm with an average correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The four MLD parameters for individual wavelengths were used to predict fruit firmness. The correlation between MLD parameters and fruit firmness changed with wavelength; the best firmness estimates for a single wavelength were obtained with r = 0.58 and SEE = 8.81 N for Red Delicious apples, and r = 0.50 and SEE = 8.64 N for Golden Delicious apples. The multispectral imaging system, along with the MLD scattering profile analysis method, provides a means for quantifying spectral scattering characteristics in apples and finding optimal wavelengths for better prediction of fruit firmness. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Peng, Y (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM pengy@msu.edu NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200029 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Lu, R AF Peng, Y Lu, R TI An LCTF-based multispectral imaging system for estimation of apple fruit firmness: Part II. Selection of optimal wavelengths and development of prediction models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE apple; firmness; fruit; modified Lorentzian distribution function; multispectral imaging; near-infrared; scattering ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; IMPACT FORCE RESPONSE; SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; SUGAR CONTENT; PEACH FIRMNESS; INTERNAL QUALITY; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERACTANCE; KIWIFRUIT; IMPULSE AB Firmness of apple fruit is an important quality attribute, which varies in the same lot of fruit due to inherent biological variability, climatic condition, cultural practice, harvest time or maturity level, and postharvest handling and storage. This article reports on prediction of apple fruit firmness by using modified Lorentzian distribution (MLD) parameters of light scattering images, which were acquired by a compact multispectral imaging system over wavelengths between 650 and 1000 nm. Optimal wavelengths for firmness prediction were determined with the multi-linear regression (MLR) and cross-validation method. In addition, diffuse reflectance spectra between 550 and 1100 nm were acquired from Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples by using a visible/near-infrared spectrometer (Vis/NIRS) in interactance mode. Multispectral scattering predictions of fruit firmness were compared with those from Vs/NIRS. For Red Delicious, seven wavelengths (690, 770, 790, 810, 920, 980, and 1000 nm) were optimal for multispectral scattering prediction of fruit firmness, whereas for Golden Delicious, eight wavelengths (650, 690, 740, 750, 820, 880, 910, and 990 nm) were needed. The prediction models established based on the optimal wavelengths gave good firmness predictions with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82 and a standard error of validation (SEV) of 6.64 N for Red Delicious apples, and r = 0.81 and SEV = 6.58 N for Golden Delicious apples. These results were considerably better than those obtained with Vis/NIRS. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Peng, Y (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM pengy@msu.edu NR 40 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LB UT WOS:000238596200030 ER PT J AU Michler, CH Pijut, PM Jacobs, DF Meilan, R Woeste, KE Ostry, ME AF Michler, CH Pijut, PM Jacobs, DF Meilan, R Woeste, KE Ostry, ME TI Improving disease resistance of butternut (Juglans cinerea), a threatened fine hardwood: a case for single-tree selection through genetic improvement and deployment SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hybridization; polymorphism; regeneration; Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum; tree breeding; vegetative propagation ID SIROCOCCUS-CLAVIGIGNENTI-JUGLANDACEARUM; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; SEPTORIA-MUSIVA; CANKER; EMBRYOGENESIS; PLANTATIONS; EXPRESSION; PATHOGEN; OXALATE; WALNUT AB Approaches for the development of disease-resistant butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) are reviewed. Butternut is a threatened fine hardwood throughout its natural range in eastern North America because of the invasion of the exotic fungus. Sirococcus clavigigenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka and Kuntz, which causes butternut canker. Early efforts were made to identify and collect putatively resistant germ plasm, identify vectors and to characterize the disease. More recently, molecular techniques have been employed to genetically characterize both the pathogen and the resistant germ plasm. Much of the host resistance may originate from hybridization with a close Asian relative, Japanese walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia Carr.). and from a few natural phenotypic variants. Further genetic characterization is needed before classical breeding or genetic modification can be used to produce canker-resistant trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Michler, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cmichler@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 009OU UT WOS:000235122500014 PM 16203722 ER PT J AU German, JB Schanbacher, FL Lonnerdal, B Medrano, JF McGuire, MA McManaman, JL Rocke, DM Smith, TP Neville, MC Donnelly, P Lange, M Ward, R AF German, J. Bruce Schanbacher, Floyd L. Lonnerdal, Bo Medrano, Juan F. McGuire, Mark A. McManaman, James L. Rocke, David M. Smith, Timothy P. Neville, Margaret C. Donnelly, Paul Lange, Matthew Ward, Robert TI International milk genomics consortium SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FED INFANTS; BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; MAMMARY-GLAND; PEPTIDES; SECRETION; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEOMICS; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS AB The first international symposium on Milk Genomics & Human Health brought scientists from around the world and across the milk research spectrum to the task of annotating the subsets of mammalian genomes responsible for milk and the nutritional functions of its constituents as food for mammalian offspring. These scientists are a part of The Milk Genomics Consortium, an international consortium for milk genomic research. The general goals of the Milk Genomics Consortium are to link the scientific community through milk and genomics to understand the biological and health-conferring values of milk, to create tools for interactive web-based data exchange, and to coordinate pre-competitive and post-competitive research on the components, functions and health benefits of milk and its components. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80261 USA. USDA, MARC, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Cooperat Res Ctr Innovat Dairy Prod, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP German, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jbgerman@ucdavis.edu RI Ward, Robert/E-1250-2011; Rocke, David/I-7044-2013 OI Ward, Robert/0000-0002-6981-4040; Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 17 IS 12 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.07.010 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 112VK UT WOS:000242555500003 ER PT B AU Zubrzak, P Williams, HJ Coast, GM Reyes-Rangel, G Juaristi, E Zabrocki, J Strey, A Nachman, RJ AF Zubrzak, Pawel Williams, Howard J. Coast, Geoffrey M. Reyes-Rangel, Gloria Juaristi, Eusebio Zabrocki, Janusz Strey, Allison Nachman, Ronald J. BE Blondelle, SE TI Superconductivity at 93 K in a new mixed-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O compound system at ambient pressure SO UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGY USING PEPTIDES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Peptide Soc, AAPPTEC, Amer Peptide Co, Amer Hlth/GE Healthcare, Amgen, BACHEM, BIOMOL Int, C S Bio Co, Cambridge Res Biochem, Chemico Int, Chem Today, Eli Lilly & Co, ESCOM Sci Fdn, Genentech, Hoffman La Roche, Merck Res Labs, Midwest Bio Tech, NeoMPS Inc, New England BioLabs Inc, Novo Nordisk A S, Peptides Int Inc, PharmaChem Lab, PolyPeptide Labs, RSP Amino Acide LLC, Senn Chem USA, Sinopep Pharmaceut Inc, SynPep Corp, Synthetech, UCB Bioproducts ID FAMILY; PEPTIDES C1 [Zubrzak, Pawel] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX USA. [Williams, Howard J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Zubrzak, P (reprint author), USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-26569-4 PY 2006 BP 369 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-26575-9_150 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BFA80 UT WOS:000240543800150 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Cushman, SA McKelvey, KS Hayden, J Engkjer, C AF Schwartz, Michael K. Cushman, Samuel A. McKelvey, Kevin S. Hayden, Jim Engkjer, Cory TI Detecting genotyping errors and describing American black bear movement in northern Idaho SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE allelic dropout; American black bear; genotyping error; microsatellite; population genetics; Ursus americanus ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; BROWN BEARS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GRIZZLY BEARS; CANIS-LATRANS; GENE FLOW; SAMPLES; ASSIGNMENT; IDENTIFICATION AB Non-invasive genetic sampling has become a favored tool to enumerate wildlife. Genetic errors, caused by poor quality samples, can lead to substantial biases in numerical estimates of individuals. We demonstrate how the computer program DROPOUT can detect amplification errors (false alleles and allelic dropout) in a black bear (Ursus americanus) dataset collected in 2003 from northern Idaho, USA, and detect scoring and other database errors (misreads, shifts in scoring, and transcription errors). Removing errors from our sample via computer techniques reduced our minimum number alive index from 187 to 146 bears and was less expensive than commonly used multi-tube approaches. We subsequently estimated gene flow between our 2 study areas (Purcell and Selkirk Mountains), which are separated by a large, open, agricultural valley. Gene flow data suggested that, although this valley was not a complete barrier to movement, its effects on population substructure were not inconsequential. We documented a low level of substructure (GST = 0.097) between study areas. Assignment tests confirmed this, as assignment to the population where the animal was captured was 74% for the Purcell Mountains and 89% for the Selkirk Mountains. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur DAlene, ID 83815 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 NR 53 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT (IBA) PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[138:DGEADA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 099KW UT WOS:000241594400005 ER PT S AU Wessman, SJ AF Wessman, SJ BE Sheets, R Petricciani, J TI Vaccine cell substrates: Bovine and porcine virus considerations SO Vaccine Cell Substrates 2004 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Vaccine Cell Substrates 2004 Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2004 CL Rockville, MD SP NIH, NIAID, Int Assoc Biol ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; PESTIVIRUS CONTAMINATION; PIGS; CIRCOVIRUSES; ANTIBODY; SERUM; LINES AB The use of materials of animal origin to supplement cell cultures used in vaccine production, viral diagnostic testing, or materials testing may lead to contamination of the vaccines, with seroconversion or disease in the vaccinated animals, and possible misdiagnosis of diagnostic samples or incorrect test results. The methods used by the Center for Veterinary Biologics to monitor serum and cell cultures are described. Considerations for the use of animal origin materials, especially bovine and porcine, as substrates or additives, plus the possibility of crossovers to humans are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wessman, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-7999-3 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 123 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BEA67 UT WOS:000236477100026 PM 16566453 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, KA TI A review of corn masa processing residues: Generation, properties, and potential utilization SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID RURAL-URBAN VARIATION; TORTILLA PREPARATION; ALKALINE COOKING; ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE; SORGHUM; FLOURS; GUATEMALA; WOMEN; TIME AB The production of corn masa-based products in the US has been increasing over the last several years, and as a result, so has the quantity of waste materials being generated from this industry. Although currently landfilled, these byproduct streams may have potential for value-added processing and utilization, which are options that simultaneously hold the promise of increased economic benefit for masa processors as well as decreased potential pollution for the environment. Fundamental to any byproduct development effort is knowledge of the characteristics of the residue stream, because physical and chemical properties are vital for the proper design of subsequent processing operations and applications. Data for masa byproduct materials are currently not readily available, however. Thus, the objective of this study was to fully investigate, review, and summarize the existing literature in order to develop a comprehensive knowledge base for these residue streams. The most substantial findings from this study were that masa residues currently are not being utilized as coproducts, but instead are being landfilled;,they have a high fiber content, and thus much untapped potential exists for its extraction and value-added utilization vis-h-vis human and industrial applications, including phytosterol and ethanol production. It was also determined that masa byproducts, due to the high fiber content, may also be suitable for use as livestock feed additives, especially for ruminant animals that can digest these materials. Furthermore, due to substantial calcium content, masa byproducts could also potentially be used as a calcium resource. Under current processing practices, though, these residues have very high moisture contents. Before they can be effectively and economically utilized, they must be dehydrated in order to reduce transportation costs, decrease microbial activity, and increase shelf life. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NGIRL, Crop & Entomol Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NGIRL, Crop & Entomol Res Unit, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.03.010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006XG UT WOS:000234930400010 PM 15936936 ER PT J AU Kjeldsen, P Spokas, K AF Kjeldsen, P Spokas, K TI Third Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kjeldsen, P (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, Bldg 115, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM pk@er.dtu.dk; Spokas@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Kjeldsen, Peter /C-2073-2015; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Kjeldsen, Peter /0000-0003-2738-9960; Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.003 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 019UL UT WOS:000235862100001 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Bogner, J Chanton, JP Morcet, M Aran, C Graff, C Moreau-Le Golvan, Y Hebe, I AF Spokas, K Bogner, J Chanton, JP Morcet, M Aran, C Graff, C Moreau-Le Golvan, Y Hebe, I TI Methane mass balance at three landfill sites: What is the efficiency of capture by gas collection systems? SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COVER SOILS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; OXIDATION; EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURES; DOWNWIND; CARBON AB Many developed countries have targeted landfill methane recovery among greenhouse gas mitigation strategies, since methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Major questions remain with respect to actual methane production rates in field settings and the relative mass of methane that is recovered, emitted, oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria, laterally migrated, or temporarily stored within the landfill volume. This paper presents the results of extensive field campaigns at three landfill sites to elucidate the total methane balance and provide field measurements to quantify these pathways. We assessed the overall methane mass balance in field cells with a variety of designs, cover materials, and gas management strategies. Sites included different cell configurations, including temporary clay cover, final clay cover, geosynthetic clay liners, and geomembrane composite covers, and cells with and without gas collection systems. Methane emission rates ranged from -2.2 to > 10,000 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1). Total methane oxidation rates ranged from 4% to 50% of the methane flux through the cover at sites with positive emissions. Oxidation of atmospheric methane was occurring in vegetated soils above a geomembrane. The results of these studies were used as the basis for guidelines by the French environment agency (ADEME) for default values for percent recovery: 35% for an operating cell with an active landfill gas (LFG) recovery system, 65% for a temporary covered cell with an active LFG recovery system, 85% for a cell with clay final cover and active LFG recovery, and 90% for a cell with a geomembrane final cover and active LFG recovery. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Landfills Inc, Wheaton, IL USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ctr Rech Environm Energie & Dechet, Limay, France. COLLEX Pty Ltd, CReeD, Pyrmont, NSW, Australia. French Agcy Environm & Energy Management, Agence Environm & Maitrise Energie, Angers, France. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM spokas@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 42 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 516 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.021 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 032ME UT WOS:000236777800010 PM 16198554 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD Vose, JM AF Clinton, BD Vose, JM TI Variation in stream water quality in an urban headwater stream in the southern appalachians SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE water quality; surface water; urbanization; forest; sediment; bacteria ID FOREST STREAM; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; RIPARIAN FOREST; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL AB We examined the influence of a forested landscape on the quality of water in a stream originating on an urban landscape and flowing through National Forest lands. Sample sites included an urban stream (URB), a site on the same stream but within a National Forest (FOR) and 2 km downstream from the URB site, and a small, undisturbed, forested reference tributary of the main stream (REF). We monitored stream water quality from March 2002 through June 2003. Average base flows for the three stream sites were URB = 184 L s(-1.) FOR = 420 L s(-1.), and REF = 17 L s(-1.) We analyzed weekly stream water samples for NO3- NH4+. PO4+. Cl-. K, Ca, Mg, SO4, SiO2, pH, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), and bacteria on a monthly basis. Most solutes were higher in concentration at the URB site, as were conductivity, TSS, and bacteria counts. Reductions in NO3-.NH4+. and PO4+. concentrations between the URB and FOR sites were inferred from changes in nutrient:chloride ratios. Bacteria populations were greater and more responsive to stream temperature at the URB site. Water quality responses to changes in stream discharge varied among sites but were greater at the URB site. By all measures, water quality was consistently higher at the FOR site than at the URB site. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM bclinton@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 169 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-2812-x PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 998JP UT WOS:000234315000020 ER PT J AU Burkart, M James, D Liebman, M van Ouwerkerk, E AF Burkart, M James, D Liebman, M van Ouwerkerk, E TI Integrating principles of nitrogen dynamics in a method to estimate leachable nitrogen under agricultural systems SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th IWA International Conference on Diffuse/Nonpoint Pollution CY OCT 25-29, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IWA DE agriculture; leaching; nitrate; soil ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; BODY-COMPOSITION; WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE; ALFALFA; AMMONIA; CARBON; GRASSLANDS; FIXATION AB Surplus nitrogen (N) in ground and surface water is of concern in intensive agricultural regions. Surplus N leaches during lengthy periods where annual crop systems are used in temperate regions. This paper presents a model to estimate the surplus N available for leaching to ground water beneath agricultural systems and applies the model to watersheds in an intensive maize and soybean production system. The model utilizes commonly available georeferenced data on soils, crops, and livestock, making it applicable to watersheds in many regions. The model links stocks of N in soil, crops, livestock, fertilizer and the atmosphere. Nitrogen flow centers on exchange between the soil N stocks. Nitrogen mineralization rates are defined for three soil organic matter pools, crop residue, and manure based on carbon:N ratios. Nitrogen exports from the system are harvested crops, livestock and losses to the atmosphere. Application of the model in 26 Iowa watersheds finds surpluses of 18 to 43 kg-N/ha. Surpluses exceeded measured annual nitrate-N loads in regional streams by amounts equivalent to denitrification rates in groundwater. Deficits in soil N were sufficiently small to suggest that the system is in equilibrium with soils of the region. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Burkart, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM burkart@nstl.gov; james@nstl.gov; mliebman@iastate.edu; evo@iastate.edu RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.2166/wst.2006.063 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 031BO UT WOS:000236679300031 PM 16594348 ER PT J AU Hirase, K Hoagland, RE AF Hirase, Kangetsu Hoagland, Robert E. TI Characterization of aryl acylamidase activity from propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aryl acylamidase; barnyardgrass; propanil; resistance ID RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; JUNGLE-RICE; METABOLISM; 3',4'-DICHLOROPROPIONANILIDE; PLANTS; COLONA; 3,4-DICHLOROPROPIONANILIDE; INSECTICIDES; HYDROLYSIS; TOLERANCE AB The enzyme, aryl acylamidase, was characterized in propanil-susceptible and propanil-resistant barnyardgrass with respect to kinetic parameters, the effects of inhibitors, and the levels of activity in dark- and light-grown tissues. The enzyme reaction in the resistant tissue preparation proceeded linearly with time over a 5 h time course, while activity in the susceptible tissue preparation was 2- to 4-fold lower and the activity tended to decrease after 2 h. The apparent K-m values were 62.1 mmol L-1 and 3.1 mmol L-1 for the enzyme activity in the susceptible and resistant tissue preparations, respectively. Two herbicides (anilofos and piperophos), previously shown to synergize propanil injury against the resistant biotype, were found to be potent inhibitors of the in vitro aryl acylamidase activity. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), 138-1 Machibo, Chiba 2970022, Japan. EM kangetsuhirase@aol.com NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1444-6162 EI 1445-6664 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00218.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 096WH UT WOS:000241407000003 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Dotray, PA Light, GG Dawson, KR AF Mahan, JR Dotray, PA Light, GG Dawson, KR TI Thermal dependence of bioengineered glufosinate tolerance in cotton SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glutamine synthetase; Michaelis-Menten constant; phosphinothricin acetyl transferase ID RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; SYNTHASE; ENZYME; PLANTS; RANGE AB Tolerance to dufosinate has been bioengineered into cotton through the expression of a gene encoding the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT). Studies were conducted to determine thermal limitations on herbicide efficacy in bioengineered cotton. The 50% inhibition (I-50) of glufosinate of the target-site enzyme glutamine synthetase was thermally dependent with the lowest values between 25 and 35 C. Larger Values Of 150 were measured above and below the 25 to 35 C range. The apparent Michaelis constant K-M of the enzyme PAT was relatively stable from 15 to 30 C and increased more rapidly from 30 to 45 C. The two components in combination suggest the aggregate tolerance to glufosinate would not be thermally limited between 15 and 45 C. The thermal dependence of the aggregate tolerance in cotton suggests that glufosinate would not damage the crop over a range of temperatures. This prediction is in agreement with the results of field studies carried out over a number of years, which showed the glufosinate-tolerant cotton to be undamaged by glufosinate over a wide range of temperatures. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Honors Coll, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM jmahan@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1614/WS-05-042R.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900001 ER PT J AU Sanyal, D Bhowmik, PC Reddy, KN AF Sanyal, D Bhowmik, PC Reddy, KN TI Leaf characteristics and surfactants affect primisulfuron droplet spread in three broadleaf weeds SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epicuticular wax; droplet spread; leaf surface morphology; scanning electron microscopy; surfactant ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; ADJUVANTS; NICOSULFURON; VELVETLEAF; GLYPHOSATE; EFFICACY; HISTORY; WAX AB Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the leaf surface, epicuticular wax content, and spray droplet behavior on common lambsquarters, common purslane, and velvetleaf. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and leaf wax was extracted and quantified for all three weed species. The spread of 1-mu l droplets of distilled water, primisulfuron solution (without surfactant), primisulfuron solution with a nonionic low foam wetter/spreader adjuvant (0.25% v/v), and with an organosilicone wetting agent (0.1% v/v) was determined on the adaxial leaf surfaces of each of the weed species. Glands and trichomes were present on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of velvetleaf. Common purslane had neither elands nor trichomes on either side of the leaf Common lambsquarters did not have any glands or trichomes, but it had globular bladder hairs on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Stomata were present on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in all three weed species. Common purslane had a much lower number of stomata per unit area of leaf as compared with velvetleaf or common lambsquarters. Common lambsquarters had the highest epicuticular wax content on the leaf surface (274.5 mu g cm(-2)), followed by common purslane (153.4 mu g cm(-2)) and velvetleaf (7.4 mu g cm(-2)). There were no significant variations in the spread of the 1-mu l droplet of distilled water and primisulfuron (without adjuvant) among the species. Spread of primisulfuron droplets with surfactant was highest on the leaf surface of velvetleaf that had the lowest wax content. Droplet spread was greatest with organosilicone surfactant followed by the nonionic surfactant. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sanyal, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM debanjan@psis.umass.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1614/WS-05-019R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900003 ER PT J AU Chao, WS Serpe, MD Anderson, JV Gesch, RW Horvath, DP AF Chao, WS Serpe, MD Anderson, JV Gesch, RW Horvath, DP TI Sugars, hormones, and environment affect the dormancy status in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; dormancy ID CORRELATIVE INHIBITION; APICAL DOMINANCE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; ABSCISIC-ACID; CYTOKININ CONCENTRATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ROOT BUDS; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Signals from both leaves and apical or axillary meristems of leafy spurge are known to inhibit root bud growth. To test the hypothesis that carbohydrates and growth regulators affect root bud growth, decapitated leafy spurge plants were hydroponically treated with glucose, sucrose, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. Both glucose and sucrose caused suppression of root bud growth at concentrations of 30 mM. The inhibitory effect of sucrose was counteracted by GA at 15 mu M. In contrast, BA, ABA, NAA, and paclobutrazol inhibited root bud growth at concentrations as low as 1, 2, 1, and 16 mu M, respectively. Sugar and starch levels were also determined in root buds at various times after decapitation. Buds of intact plants contained the highest level of sucrose compared with buds harvested 1 3, and 5 d after decapitation. To determine how seasonal changes affect root bud dormancy, growth from root buds of field-grown plants was monitored for several years. Root buds of field-grown leafy spurge had the highest level of innate dormancy from October to November, which persisted until a prolonged period of freezing occurred in November or early December. Our data support the hypothesis that carbohydrates may be involved in regulating dormancy status in root buds of leafy spurge. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USDA, ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaow@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 19 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1614/WS-05-088R.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900008 ER PT J AU Perkins, DL Parks, CG Dwire, KA Endress, BA Johnson, KL AF Perkins, DL Parks, CG Dwire, KA Endress, BA Johnson, KL TI Age structure and age-related performance of sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age determination; age distribution; demography; herbaceous perennials; population biology ID SPECIES HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; ANNUAL RINGS; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; FOREST; FORBS AB Age distributions of sulfur cinquefoil populations were determined on sites that were historically grazed, cultivated, and mechanically disturbed. From 12 sites, a total of 279 reproductively active plants were collected and aged by using herbchronology (counting rings in the secondary root xylem of the root crown) to (1) estimate the age structure of the populations, (2) relate plant size and flower production to plant age, and (3) examine the relation of population age structure to environmental variables and disturbance history. Results indicated that the mean age for all sampled plants was 3.5 ( +/- 1.74 SD) yr and ranged from 1 to 10 yr. Age was not related to number of flowers, plant size (number of stems per plant or plant height), or site disturbance type but was positively correlated with site elevation (P < 0.001). The pooled age distribution from all 12 sites was right-skewed with fewer old plants than young plants. We conclude that sulfur cinquefoil plants sampled in northeast Oregon are able to colonize, establish, and reproduce at disturbed sites rapidly. We suggest that herbchronology may be a useful technique to improve understanding of invasion biology and ecology for invasive plant species that form annual rings. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Bur Land Management, Challis Field Off, Challis, ID 83226 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perkins, DL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1614/WS-05-004R2.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900011 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Boydston, RA AF Williams, MM Boydston, RA TI Volunteer potato interference in carrot SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; critical time of weed removal; critical weed-free period; economic threshold; yield loss ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM CONTROL; IN-FIELD CORN; WEED-CONTROL; ARTHROPOD HERBIVORY; DAUCUS-CAROTA; BULB ONION; ZEA-MAYS; CULTIVATION; YIELD; COMPETITION AB Weed management systems in carrot are limited in part by a lack of fundamental understanding of crop-weed interactions. Irrigated field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of volunteer potato density and duration of interference on carrot yield and to determine relationships among weed density, duration of weed growth, and volunteer potato tuber production. A season-long volunteer potato density of 0.06 plants m(-2) produced from 150 to 230 g tubers m(-2) and resulted in an estimated 5% crop yield loss. At two volunteer potato plants m(-2), the same level of crop loss was estimated with a duration of interference of 430 growing degree days (GDD), a time at which the weed had already produced 130 g tubers m-2. Volunteer potato height at the time of weed removal predicted carrot yield loss (R-2 = 0.77) and may be useful for timing of management strategies such as hand weeding. Functional relationships describing carrot-volunteer potato interactions provide simple information that is useful for developing weed management recommendations for carrot, a crop that relies on multiple tactics for managing weeds, and rotational crops that are negatively affected by persistence of volunteer potato. C1 Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Invas Weed Management Res, USDA, ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@uiuc.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1614/WS-05-044R.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900012 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Forcella, F AF Spokas, K Forcella, F TI Estimating hourly incoming solar radiation from limited meteorological data SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energy balance; germination modeling; light; microclimate; weed development ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; DIFFUSE; CANOPY; SYSTEM AB Two major properties that determine weed seed germination are soil temperature and moisture content. Incident radiation is the primary variable controlling energy input to the soil system and thereby influences both moisture and temperature profiles. However, many agricultural field sites lack proper instrumentation to measure solar radiation directly. To overcome this shortcoming, an empirical model was developed to estimate total incident solar radiation (beam and diffuse) with hourly time steps. Input parameters for the model are latitude, longitude, and elevation of the field site, along with daily precipitation with daily minimum and maximum air temperatures. Field validation of this model was conducted at a total of 18 sites, where sufficient meteorological data were available for validation, allowing a total of 42 individual yearly comparisons. The model performed well, with an average Pearson correlation of 0.92, modeling index of 0.95, modeling efficiency of 0.80, root mean square error of 111 W m(-2), and a mean absolute error of 56 W m(-2). These results compare favorably to other developed empirical solar radiation models but with the advantage of predicting hourly solar radiation for the entire year based on limited climatic data and no site-specific calibration requirement. This solar radiation prediction tool can be integrated into dormancy, germination, and growth models to improve microclimate-based simulation of development of weeds and other plants. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM spokas@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1614/WS-05-098R.1 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 004QI UT WOS:000234766900024 ER PT J AU Donald, WW AF Donald, WW TI Between-observer differences in relative corn yield vs. rated weed control SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rating; weed; Setaria faberii (L.) beauv. # SETFA; Amaranthus rudis sauer. # AMATA ID RESIDUAL HERBICIDE; CRITICAL PERIOD; ACCURACY AB Crop yield and weed control rating have been used to measure weed and crop response to weed management treatments, eliminate unacceptable weed management treatments, and select "best" treatments for recommendation to farmers. However, the mathematical relationship between crop yield and rated weed control has not been reported before from such treated screening experiments. Likewise, differences have not been reported before in rated weed control among experienced observers (i.e., reliability) when rating the same experiments and for an experienced observer over time (i.e., repeatability). Data from published experiments on zone herbicide application in field corn in which weeds reduced yield to various amounts were reanalyzed to examine these issues. For this study, relative corn yield was calculated as a percentage of the 1 x broadcast herbicide rate for two observers and either three experimental site-years or their average. For observer A, relative corn yield (%) increased linearly as rated total weed control (%) increased for all 3 site-yr and their average. For observer B, equations were curvilinear in 2 of 3 site-yr. For both observers, equations accounted for little data variability in relative corn yield (r(2) = 0.25 and 0.25 in site-year 1, respectively, 0.38 and 0.36 in site-year 2, 0.58 and 0.57 in site-year 3, and 0.43 and 0.42 for their average). When rated total weed control by observer A was graphed against that of observer B, the relationship was a nearly ideal 1:1 linear relationship in only 1 of 3 site-yr. In two other site-years, equations were nonlinear, indicating that one observer distinguished smaller differences between treatments at lower rated control than the other observer. Between-row total weed cover and in-row total weed height influenced observer weed control rating. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1614/WT-04-294R.1 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 024XG UT WOS:000236229200007 ER PT J AU Donald, WW AF Donald, WW TI Preemergence banded herbicides followed by only one between-row mowing controls weeds in corn SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative weed control; banding; banded application; cutting; mechanical weed control; nonchemical weed control; reduced rate herbicide ID NO-TILL CORN; ZEA-MAYS; CRITICAL PERIOD; GLYCINE-MAX; CULTIVATION; MANAGEMENT; ATRAZINE AB Research was conducted to determine the minimum number of between-row mowings necessary to control annual weeds, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, without corn yield loss. Over 2 yr in Missouri, the between-row mowing systems that were evaluated consisted of a 38-cm band of PRE atrazine plus metolachlor at 2.2 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha applied over corn grown in 76-cm rows shortly after planting followed by one, two, or three between-row mowings close to the soil surface. Based on rated total weed control, between-row total weed cover, and corn yield, the weed-free check was statistically indistinguishable from a treatment in which banded PRE herbicide was followed by only one between-row mowing, late, when weeds were relatively large. When mowed once at 52 to 64 days after planting (DAP), giant foxtail and common waterhemp were greater than 85 cm tall. The yield was not increased by mowing earlier or more than once. C1 UMC, USDA, ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), UMC, USDA, ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM cny00431@centurytel.net NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1614/WT-04-329R2.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 024XG UT WOS:000236229200023 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Prostko, EP Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, WC Prostko, EP Mullinix, BG TI Phytotoxicity of delayed applications of flumioxazin on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hull-scrape method; peanut injury; peanut maturity ID WEED MANAGEMENT; PREEMERGENCE; DICLOSULAM; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB Trials were conducted under weed-free conditions in 2001, 2002, and 2003 on a loamy sand soil in Georgia to investigate the phytotoxicity of flumioxazin on peanut, and in separate trials, the effects on peanut maturity. The first study evaluated time of flumioxazin application (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 d after planting [DAP]) and flumioxazin rate (nontreated, 7 1, and 105 g ai/ha). Peanut (variety 'C99R') were seeded 3.2 cm deep and irrigated immediately after seeding. Flumioxazin applied to peanut 6, 8, and 10 DAP significantly injured peanut (20 to 59%) early season, with more phytotoxicity from flumioxazin at 105 g/ha than 71 g/ha. However, peanut stand was not reduced by any of the times of application or rates. Peanut recovered by midseason, except in cases of severe (up to 49%) visual phytotoxic injury. Peanut yields were not affected by either flumioxazin application timing or rate. The second study (variety 'Georgia Green') evaluated flumioxazin applied at 105 g/ha at varying intervals after planting to determine the phytotoxic effects on peanut maturity using the hull-scrape method. Peanut maturity was delayed by flumioxazin when applied I d after planting and later. These results show that the optimum time of application is from immediately after planting to 2 d after planting, but ideally, the application should be made immediately after planting. The highest recommended flumioxazin rate, 105 g/ha, is not significantly phytotoxic when applied within the recommended range of timings and has no effect on yield. However, there is potential for yield loss as peanut maturity is delayed in cases of severe injury. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM cjohnson@tifton.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1614/WT-04-328R.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 024XG UT WOS:000236229200025 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Westra, P Nissen, S AF Shaner, DL Westra, P Nissen, S TI AMADS increases the efficacy of glyphosate formulations on corn SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium sulfate; rainfastness; surfactant ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; TRANSLOCATION; SALTS; TRIMETHYLSULFONIUM; ISOPROPYLAMINE AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS) as a spray adjuvant on the efficacy of three different glyphosate formulations, the isopropylamine salt (glyphosate-IPA), potassium salt (glyphosate-K), and the acid of glyphosate dissolved in AMADS (glyphosate-A). All formulations were tested at multiple rates with and without AMADS (2% v/v) on greenhouse-grown corn, and growth inhibition was determined by measuring the elongation of the newest emerging leaf between 1 and 7 d after treatment. AMADS increased the efficacy of all three glyphosate formulations by threefold to fourfold. The IC50 values for glyphosate-IPA, glyphosate-K, and glyphosate-A without AMADS on corn were 77, 54, and 53 g ae/ha, respectively; and with AMADS the values were 20, 18, and 21 g/ha, respectively. AMADS was more effective than ammonium sulfate (2% w/v) in overcoming the antagonism of hard water (200 parts per million Ca+2) on glyphosate-K efficacy on corn. The rainfastness of glyphosate-IPA, glyphosate-A, and glyphosate-K was improved with AMADS. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dale.shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1614/WT-04-332R3.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 024XG UT WOS:000236229200028 ER PT J AU Yandoc, CB Rosskopf, EN Pitelli, RLCM Charudattan, R AF Yandoc, CB Rosskopf, EN Pitelli, RLCM Charudattan, R TI Effect of selected pesticides on conidial germination and mycelial growth of Dactylaria higginsii, a potential bioherbicide for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; bioherbicide; pesticide sensitivity; conidial germination ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; COMPATIBILITY; INTERFERENCE; FUNGICIDES; HERBICIDES; AGENT AB The suitability of a bioherbicide as a component of an integrated weed management program not only relies on its field efficacy, but also on its compatibility with other pest control measures that may be employed during the cropping season. The effects of selected pesticides applied according to label rates on Dactylaria higginsii, a biological control agent for purple nutsedge, were determined using mycelial growth on pesticide-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) and conidial germination as indicators of pesticide sensitivity. Among the pesticides tested, the herbicides oxyfluorfen and sethoxydim and the fungicides fosetyl-Al and thiophanate methyl inhibited D. higginsii mycelial growth and reduced or completely inhibited conidial germination; the herbicide diuron, the fungicides metalaxyl and copper hydroxide, and the insecticide cyromazine reduced mycelial growth but did not reduce conidial germination. The miticide dicofol reduced mycelial growth and completely inhibited conidial germination while the herbicide imazapyr had no adverse effect on either the mycelial growth or conidial germination of D. higginsii. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ERosskopf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1614/WT-04-326R1.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 024XG UT WOS:000236229200038 ER PT J AU Shepperd, WD Edminster, CB Mata, SA AF Shepperd, WD Edminster, CB Mata, SA TI Long-term seedfall, establishment, survival, and growth of natural and planted ponderosa pine in the Colorado front range SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; silviculture; regeneration; seed viability AB Seedfall, natural regeneration establishment, and growth of planted seedlings was observed from 1981 to 2001 under shelterwood and seedtree overstories in a replicated study in ponderoso pine in the Manitou Experimental Forest in the Colorado Front Range. Good seed crops were produced only every 4 to 6 years, With almost no viable seed produced in intervening years. With seed Predation, only 14% of total seedfall was available for germination. Shelterwood overstories containing between 6 and 14 m(2) ha(-1) stem basal area over scarified seedbeds provided optimal conditions for natural seedling establishment. Survival and growth of planted seedlings was much better than that of natural seedlings. However, poor survival and slow initial growth may require many years to establish a fully stocked forest of natural seedlings. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Shepperd, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM wshepperd@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 012GH UT WOS:000235325800004 ER PT J AU McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO AF McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO TI Plant species diversity in young conifer plantations in northern and central California SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE conifer seedlings; ecology; plantation release; lant species richness; vegetation management AB In this age of ecosystem management, plant species have value as an integral component of an ecosystem., as possible sustenance for animals, and even as a provider of medicines or food for humans. Plant species in plantations are no exception. But what species are present, how long are they present, and does their number increase or decrease? Are some species found in most plantations? Such knowledge could enhance the management of vegetation in plantations as well. In 21 study areas (plantations) in northern and central California with at least 10 years of data, we found 237 species in six categories (conifers, hardwoods, shrubs, forbs, graminoids, ferns). The average number of species in each plantation was 23 at the beginning of the studies and 28 after 10 years. The range of species was 13 to 61, with high variability and no trend of species richness to site productivity or age of vegetation. Three species and 10 genera were common to a majority of plantations. The vegetation manager now has some knowledge about species composition in young plantations in northern and central California and how it changes during the first 10 years after site preparation and release. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP McDonald, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM gfiddler@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 012GH UT WOS:000235325800008 ER PT J AU Caudell, JN Conover, MR AF Caudell, JN Conover, MR TI Behavioral and physiological responses of Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) to variations in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) densities SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Eared grebe; Podiceps nigricollis; mass; behavior; brine shrimp; Artemia franciscana; Great Salt Lake; brine shrimp densities; migration ID POPULATION; MIGRATION AB Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) use the Great Salt Lake (GSL) primarily as a fall staging area. They feed on brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) to build up energy reserves to complete their southward migration. Whereas it has been speculated that timing of grebe departure from the GSL is due to declining shrimp density, this hypothesis has not been tested. We monitored grebe weight, behavior, and departure dates to test this hypothesis and to determine the effects of declining shrimp densities on Eared Grebes during 1999, 2000, and 2001 when there were different shrimp densities. Despite differences in shrimp densities, grebes left the GSL about the same time each year. juvenile and subadult mass was significantly lighter (P < 0.001) in 1999 than in 2000 or 2001; however, adult grebe mass was similar in 1999 and 2000, despite the large difference in available of food. While there was no difference (P > 0.05) in dive or surface duration between 1999 and 2000, there were differences in the percentage of time spent foraging. Our results indicated that at shrimp densities < 0.1 shrimp (.) L-1, grebes increased their foraging effort to offset the declining food resource instead of departing the GSL at an earlier date. C1 Utah State Univ, Jack H Berryman Inst, Logan, UT USA. RP Caudell, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, SMTH Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[12:BAPROE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015DA UT WOS:000235530900002 ER PT J AU Sheley, RL Denny, MK AF Sheley, RL Denny, MK TI Community response of nontarget species to herbicide application and removal of the nonindigenous invader Potentilla recta L. SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE species richness; species diversity; herbicides; forbs; native plants; Potentilla recta ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; DIVERSITY; RANGELAND; 2,4-D; BIODIVERSITY; INVASIBILITY; INVASION; YIELD; FORB AB Our main objective was to improve understanding of herbicide effects on community dynamics to refine the use of technology and advance the development of ecologically based weed management strategies. We hypothesized that native grasslands would exhibit reductions in culturally sensitive forb cover, biomass, and density relative to the rate of application of selective rangeland herbicides, and that hand-removal of sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) would increase indigenous species cover, biomass, density, species richness, and diversity. Treatments consisted of 3 rates each of 2,4-D + clopyralid (0.28 kg ai (.) ha(-1) + 0.0532 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.56 kg ai (.) ha(-1) + 0.1064 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.84 kg ai (.) ha(-1) + 0.1596 kg ai (.) ha(-1)); 2,4-D amine (0.532 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 1.064 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 1.596 kg ai (.) ha(-1)); metsulfuron (0.0042 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.021 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.032 kg ai (.) ha(-1)); picloram (0.14 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.28 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.56 kg ai (.) ha(-1)); and clopyralid (0.05025 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.21 kg ai (.) ha(-1), 0.42 kg ai (.) ha(-1)). This experiment was replicated 3 times at 2 lateseral, noninfested sites in southeastern Montana. In a companion study, sulfur cinquefoil was removed adjacent to paired nonremoved controls in 5 replicates at 2 sites in 1-m(2) plots for 2 growing seasons. Canopy cover, density, and biomass were collected 24 months after initial treatment at all sites. Indigenous perennial grass cover and biomass increased with herbicide application; however, picloram, metsulfuron, and clopyralid reduced native forb density at I site, and picloram reduced forb cover at both sites regardless of rate. Effects of herbicides on species richness or diversity were not detected. Hand-removing sulfur cinquefoil increased total plant richness, especially that of native forbs. Restoring species richness and diversity may be difficult using selective broadleaf herbicides because key functional groups, such as forbs, appear to be at risk. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Sheley, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 67826 A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2006 VL 66 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[55:CRONST]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015DA UT WOS:000235530900005 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Langdon, CA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Edwards, JW Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Langdon, CA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Edwards, JW Miller, KV TI Movements of female white-tailed deer to bait sites in West Virginia, USA SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; CAMERAS AB We present a comparison of movements of adult female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in response to seasonal bait sites in the central Appalachians of West Virginia, USA. Our objectives were to compare bait-site use among seasons, evaluate home-range and core-area sizes between baiting and non-baiting periods, and compare distance from the geographic centres of activity to nearest bait site between baiting and non-baiting periods. From June 2000 to May 2001, we radio-monitored 52 deer and determined their use of 29 seasonal bait sites with automated camera systems. We collected 6461 locations and 1333 photographic observations of radio-collared deer. Bait-site use did not differ among four seasonal baiting periods. Additionally, home-range and core-area sizes did not differ between baiting and non-baiting periods. However, deer shifted their centres of activity closer to bait sites during baiting periods. High variability in deer behaviour should be considered when implementing deer-management activities that require all deer to use bait sites, such as infrared-triggered camera surveys. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Tyler.A.Campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1071/WR04090 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 018ZJ UT WOS:000235804000001 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Martin, RE Smith, HT Woolard, J Crady, CK Constantin, B Stahl, M Groninger, NP AF Engeman, Richard M. Martin, R. Erik Smith, Henry T. Woolard, John Crady, Carrie K. Constantin, Bernice Stahl, Margo Groninger, N. Paige TI Impact on predation of sea turtle nests when predator control was removed midway through the nesting season SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; RACCOON; DENSITY; FLORIDA; PARK AB The beach at Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR) is a high-density nesting beach serving three species of threatened and endangered sea turtles. Historically, Lip to 95% of turtle nests at HSNWR were lost to predation by raccoons and armadillos. Consequently.. predator control was identified as the most important conservation tool at HSNWR, and predator control optimised by predator monitoring led to highly successful results whereby predation had been reduced to low levels (7-13.5% of monitored nests) in 2002 and 2003. In 2004, funding shortfalls caused predator control to be Curtailed with similar to 1.5-2 months remaining in the nesting/hatching season. We analysed the resulting effects on turtle nest predation levels compared with the results from 2002 and 2003. The predation rate in 2004 compared favourably with that of 2002 and 2003 until the end of June, after which control was curtailed. Thereafter, predation rapidly accelerated, with the 2004 predation rate increasing to 1.5-3 times the rates from 2002 and 2003 by the end of August. The discrepancy in all likelihood would have grown further, except Hurricane Frances destroyed all remaining nests with 1.5-2 months left in the nesting/hatching season. Product-limit survival analyses demonstrated substantial differences in turtle nest survival between 2004 versus 2002 and 2003, but not between 2002 and 2003. When analysed as cohorts based on month of nest deposition, no differences were found among 2002, 2003, 2004 for nests deposited in May. These nests received full protection from predation in each of the three years. However, the survival analyses for nests deposited in June, and those deposited in July showed inferior survival for 2004 when predator control was removed for the last half of nesting/hatching. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ecol Associates Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34958 USA. Florida Pk Serv, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Hobe Sound Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engemann@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1071/WR05049 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 060EX UT WOS:000238786300004 ER PT J AU Engeman, R Woolard, JW Perry, ND Witmer, G Hardin, S Brashears, L Smith, H Muiznieks, B Constantin, B AF Engeman, Richard Woolard, John W. Perry, Neil D. Witmer, Gary Hardin, Scott Brashears, Lawrence Smith, Henry Muiznieks, Britta Constantin, Bernice TI Rapid assessment for a new invasive species threat: the case of the Gambian giant pouched rat in Florida SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRICETOMYS-GAMBIANUS; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; PARADIGM AB The Gambian giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) is a large rodent that has established a breeding population in the Florida Keys. Should it successfully disperse to mainland Florida, it could continue spreading through much of North America where significant negative ecological and agricultural consequences could result. We rapidly developed the information for implementing an efficient and successful eradication program before dispersal to the mainland occurs. This included development of monitoring and indexing methods and their application to define the animal's range, the development of baits attractive to Gambian giant pouched rats, efficacy testing of toxicants, and development of bait-delivery devices that exclude native animals. Gambian giant pouched rats appeared confined to the western two-thirds of Grassy Key, but have dispersed across a soil-filled causeway west to Crawl Key. We identified preferred habitat characteristics and potential dispersal pathways. We developed photographic and tracking tile methods for detecting and indexing Gambian giant pouched rats, both of which work well in the face of high densities of non-target species. We identified a commercial anticoagulant bait and we developed a zinc phosphide (an acute toxicant) bait matrix that were well accepted and effective for controlling Gambian giant pouched rats. We also developed a bait station for delivering toxic bait to Gambian giant pouched rats without risk to native species. We consider that the criteria are met for a successful eradication to commence. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Florida Pk Serv, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Engeman, R (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 6 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1071/WR06014 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 090PU UT WOS:000240964000001 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Clark, L AF Werner, SJ Clark, L TI Effectiveness of a motion-activated laser hazing system for repelling captive Canada geese SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE behavioral extinction; Branta canadensis; Canada geese; Doppler radar motion detector; habituation; human-wildlife conflicts; nonlethal dispersal; repellent system; wildlife damage management ID UNITED-STATES; AVOIDANCE; WILDLIFE; BIRDS AB Effective management techniques are needed to disperse Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and reduce the human-wildlife conflicts associated with high population densities. We evaluated the effectiveness of a motion-activated laser hazing system for repelling captive Canada geese. The system decreased occupancy of 8 pairs of geese on the treated subplot by 83% during habituation trials. When an additional pair of geese were added to the experiment, occupancy of the treated subplot decreased > 92% during each of the 20 nights of the extended habituation test. Avoidance (conditioned during the test) remained < 80% of pretreatment levels during the 2 days immediately following the habituation test but extinguished 3 days subsequent to the permanent inactivation of the laser hazing system. The motion-activated laser hazing system effectively repelled Canada geese in captivity. Additional field research is needed to determine the spatial extent of the laser hazing system and the effectiveness of the Doppler radar motion detector for repelling wild geese. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM scott.j.werner@aphis.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[2:EOAMLH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300002 ER PT J AU Seamans, TW VerCauteren, KC AF Seamans, TW VerCauteren, KC TI Evaluation of ElectroBraid (TM) fencing as a white-tailed deer barrier SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE deer; electric fence; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management ID DENSITY AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations continue to increase, resulting in direct threats to public safety and increased agricultural losses. A variety of fencing methods are used to reduce deer presence at airports and agricultural areas. Electric fences may offer a less expensive alternative to expensive woven-wire. fences. We tested an electric fence product, ElectroBraid (TM) (Yarmouth, N.S., Canada), on free-ranging deer in northern Ohio. We conducted both 1- and 2-choice tests, measuring deer intrusions and corn consumption at 10 sites encompassed with charged, noncharged or no fence. Mean daily deer intrusions decreased in each test when the fence was powered. When power was immediately applied to the fence, intrusions decreased 88-99%. When power was delayed for 10 weeks, intrusions were reduced 90%. When power was turned on and off within a 4-week period, intrusions decreased 57%. Mean corn consumption differed between treated (< 2-6.4 kg/day) and control sites (15-32 kg/day). Under the conditions and time duration of this test, the fence was an effective deer barrier. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Seamans, TW (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM thomas.w.seamans@usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[8:EOEFAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300003 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Hygnstrom, SE AF VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Hygnstrom, SE TI A simulation model for determining cost-effectiveness of fences for reducing deer damage SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cost; damage; deer; exclusion; fence; model; Odocoileus spp.; wildlife damage management ID WILDLIFE AB The installation of fences to protect agricultural products, natural resources, or other areas from deer (Odocoilous spp.) can be expensive and potential benefits of fencing are difficult to quantify. A rational method is needed to help evaluate whether fencing can be cost-effective and which fence designs will be optimal for particular applications. We describe an interactive, dynamic simulation model that conducts economic analyses and predicts economic benefit associated with fences for crops relative to area and perimeter of protected plot, value of crop, percentage of crop damaged by deer annually prior to fencing, efficacy of fence, and costs of fence materials and labor. Users of the model can easily adjust these variables to fit their individual situations and needs. By running a series of simulations, model users can answer questions related directly to fence efficacy and cost-effectiveness. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis-usda.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[16:ASMFDC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300004 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Lance, N Callahan, P AF Breck, SW Lance, N Callahan, P TI A shocking device for protection of concentrated food sources from black bears SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black bear; human-wildlife conflict; Minnesota; nuisance bear controller; Ursus americanus ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB Conflicts with American black bears (Ursus arnericanus) are increasing in rural and suburban areas throughout the United States. Human encroachment on bear range has increased availability of garbage, bird feeders, beehives, and other food sources. Preventing bears from attaining food from anthropogenic sources could mitigate these conflicts. We tested a new shocking mechanism that is being marketed to deter black bears from attaining food from clumped anthropogenic food sources. The Nuisance Bear Controller (NBC) has two 6-volt batteries wired to an automobile vibrator coil/condenser that emits 10,000-13,000 volts through a disk that triggers the device. Activation of the NBC only occurs when a bear or other animal contacts the disk. We tested the NBC in a rural area of central Minnesota by placing both unprotected and protected simulated bird feeders at 10 independent sites during summer and autumn 2004 and measuring the fate of each feeder. During the test period no protected feeders were robbed or destroyed by black bears, whereas 40%, of unprotected feeders were robbed or destroyed (P = 0.043. one-tailed Fisher's exact test). The NBC is an inexpensive ($200. 00), portable, and adaptable system that potentially can be used in a variety of situations to deter bears from accessing concentrated food sources. C1 USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Wildlife Sci Ctr, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[23:ASDFPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300005 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Lance, N Bourassa, J AF Breck, SW Lance, N Bourassa, J TI Limitations of receiver/data loggers for monitoring radiocollared animals SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE data logger; presence/absence; radiotelemetry; signal strength variation; wildlife ID RADIOTELEMETRY; TELEMETRY; SYSTEM AB We evaluated the effectiveness of receiver/data loggers for monitoring the presence/absence of radiocollared animals in discrete areas. Our primary objective was to determine how variation in transmitter signal strength affected the size of area being monitored. This information will help researchers better manage the uncertainty related to determining an animal's location relative to a discrete boundary. We used an adjustable attenuator to measure signal strength to determine the minimum number of decibels (dB) required to eliminate detection of a radio signal by receiver/data loggers. We quantified how dB varied depending upon orientation of the transmitter on the animal and distance from receiver/data logger (radius of detection). Based upon this signal strength variation, we then calculated a zone of uncertainty (i.e., the area in which detection of a radio signal was uncertain at a particular radius of detection). The zone of uncertainty increased exponentially with a linear increase in radius of detection. We do not recommend using receiver/data loggers to monitor radiocollared animals in discrete areas unless uncertainty is acceptable. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[111:LODLFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300016 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Hygnstrom, S AF VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Hygnstrom, S TI Fences and deer-damage management: A review of designs and efficacy SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE barrier; exclusion; fence; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ELECTRIC FENCES; MULE DEER; VEHICLE COLLISIONS; WILDLIFE DAMAGE; TUBERCULOSIS; RESPONSES; MICHIGAN; GUARDS AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) may cause more damage than any other species of wildlife. These damages include crop loss, automobile and aviation collisions, disease transmission, environmental degradation, and destruction of ornamental plantings. One practical method of controlling deer damage is the use of exclusionary fences. The relatively high cost of labor and materials required to build effective fences has limited most applications to the protection of orchards, vegetable farms, other high-value resources, and mitigation of human health and safety risks. Improvements in fence technology resulting in less expensive, yet effective fences have expanded the use of fences to manage damage caused by deer. Fences typically installed to manage white-tailed deer damage include wire or plastic mesh, electrified high-tensile steel wire, and electrified polytape or polyrope fence. We reviewed the scientific literature on fencing to determine which fence designs would be the most effective for excluding deer in a variety of situations. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 76 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[191:FADMAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300029 ER PT J AU Ferland, CL Forsman, ED Hargis, CD AF Ferland, CL Forsman, ED Hargis, CD TI A field test of the northern goshawk bioregional monitoring design: Is it cost effective? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; bioregional monitoring; broadcast survey costs; northern Goshawk; southern Colorado AB Monitoring of northern goshawks typically occurs at nest sites, which is an effective approach for obtaining information on nesting activity and reproductive success, but less effective at providing information on goshawk distribution or abundance. In 2002 the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service began the process of designing a method for monitoring occupancy rates of goshawks over large spatial scales. In 2003 we conducted a field test of the Forest Service's bioregional monitoring design in southwestern Colorado. Our goal was to determine how much it would cost to implement. Average costs for surveying each primary sample unit were $1,060.34 and average per station survey-visit costs were $6.99. It is important to recognize that our primary sample unit survey cost estimate is higher than might be expected on average because our surveys were conducted during a poor nesting year for goshawks. This information will be instrumental to wildlife managers, whether conducting bioregional monitoring or local project level surveys for goshawks. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Natl Headquarters, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ferland, CL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cheron.ferland@oregonstate.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[215:AFTOTN]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 046FR UT WOS:000237797300034 ER PT J AU Diaz-Bonilla, E Thomas, M Robinson, S Cattaneo, A AF Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio Thomas, Marcelle Robinson, Sherman Cattaneo, Andrea BE DiazBonilla, E Frandsen, SE Robinson, S TI Food Security and the World Trade Organization: a Typology of Countries SO WTO NEGOTIATIONS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES' POLICIES ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio] Inter Amer Dev Bank, Washington, DC 20577 USA. [Thomas, Marcelle] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Markets Trade & Inst Div, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Robinson, Sherman] Univ Sussex, Dept Econ, Sch Social Sci, Brighton BN1 9SN, E Sussex, England. [Cattaneo, Andrea] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Diaz-Bonilla, E (reprint author), Inter Amer Dev Bank, 1300 New York Ave NW,Room NE1137, Washington, DC 20577 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-050-9 PY 2006 BP 162 EP 183 DI 10.1079/9781845930509.0162 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BWA40 UT WOS:000293267200009 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Huwe, J Low, M Rutherford, D Larsen, G AF Hakk, H Huwe, J Low, M Rutherford, D Larsen, G TI Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2 ',4,4 ',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) in male Sprague-Dawley rats SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article DE brominated diphenyl ethers; metabolism; tissue disposition; mass spectrometry; brominated flame-retardants; rat ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DIPHENYL ETHERS; MICE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; CONTAMINANTS; TRENDS AB The absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) was studied in conventional and bile-duct cannulated male rats. In conventional rats, > 70% of the radiolabelled oral dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver and lungs. Urinary excretion of BDE-100 was very low (0.1% of the dose). Biliary excretion of BDE-100 was slightly greater than that observed in urine, i.e. 1.7% at 72 h, and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. Thiol metabolites were not observed in the bile as had been reported in other PBDE metabolism studies. Almost 20% of the dose in conventional male rats and over 26% in bile-duct cannulated rats was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent, although large amounts of non-extractable radiolabel were also observed. Extractable metabolites in faeces were characterized by mass spectrometry. Monohydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were detected; mono-and di-hydroxylated metabolites with accompanying oxidative debromination were also observed as faecal metabolites. Tissue residues of [C-14] BDE-100 in liver, gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue contained only parent material. The majority of the 0 - 72- h biliary radioactivity was associated with an unidentified 79-kDa protein or to albumin. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Concordia Coll, Dept Chem, Moorhead, MN USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM hakkh@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1080/00498250500491675 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 016LZ UT WOS:000235623000006 PM 16507514 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Koster, RD Reichle, RH Sharif, HO AF Crow, WT Koster, RD Reichle, RH Sharif, HO TI Relevance of time-varying and time-invariant retrieval error sources on the utility of spaceborne soil moisture products SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENT; AMSR-E; MICROWAVE; MODELS; IMPACT; WATER AB Errors in remotely-sensed soil moisture retrievals originate from a combination of time-invariant and time-varying sources. For land modeling applications such as forecast initialization, some of the impact of time-invariant sources can be removed given known differences between observed and modeled soil moisture climatologies. Nevertheless, the distinction is seldom made when evaluating remotely-sensed soil moisture products. Here we describe an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) for radiometer-only soil moisture products derived from the NASA Hydrosphere States ( Hydros) mission where the impact of time-invariant errors is explicitly removed via the linear rescaling of retrievals. OSSE results for the 575,000 km(2) Red-Arkansas River Basin indicate that climatological rescaling may significantly reduce the perceived magnitude of Hydros soil moisture retrieval errors and expands the geographic areas over which retrievals demonstrate value for land surface modeling applications. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Rm 104,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 24 AR L24405 DI 10.1029/2005GL024889 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 001AZ UT WOS:000234506100007 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Gerling, D Blackburn, MA AF Gelman, DB Gerling, D Blackburn, MA TI Host-parasitoid interactions relating to penetration of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, by the parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus mundus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ectoparasitoid; endoparasitoid capsule formation; ecdysteroids ID ENCARSIA-FORMOSA HYMENOPTERA; HORNWORM MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; ARGENTIFOLII AB It has been reported that the aphelinid wasp Eertmocerus mundus parasitizes all four nymphal instars of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Biotype B), with 3(rd) instars being the preferred hosts. The parasitoid lays its egg on the leaf underneath the host nymph. First instars hatch and later penetrate the whitefly. Previous studies have shown that the initiation of parasitoid penetration induces the host to form a cellular capsule around the parasitoid. As described here, females never oviposited once the 4(th) instar whitefly nymph had initiated adult development. First instar E. mundus larvae were observed under 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instar whitefly nymphs, however, penetration did not occur until the whitefly had reached the 4(th) instar. The non-penetrating E. mundus larva almost always induced permanent developmental arrest in its 4(th) instar whitefly host and also caused a reduction in whole body host ecdysteroid titers. Therefore, unless there is a peak in molting hormone titer in the area local to penetration, it appears that the induction of capsule formation is not due to an increase in ecdysteroid titer. As the capsule formed around the penetrating parasitoid, host epidermal cells multiplied and became cuboidal and columnar, and relatively thick layers of new cuticle were deposited within the developing capsule, particularly near its ventral opening. The newly formed host cuticle was thinner in the dorsal part of the capsule and appeared to be absent at its apex. These results provide new information regarding the timing and dynamics of parasitoid oviposition and egg hatch as related to larval penetration, parasitoid-induced changes in whitefly development, molting hormone titers and the process of capsule formation. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 46 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059AS UT WOS:000238706300001 PM 17119628 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH AF Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH TI Cross-species investigation of Helicoverpa armigera microsatellites as potential markers for other related species in the Helicoverpa-Heliothis complex SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Helicoverpa armigera; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Heliothis subflexa; microsatellites ID SIZE HOMOPLASY; LOCI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ALLELES; HUBNER; DNA AB Primers previously designed to amplify microsatellite DNA markers in the Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, larvae were tested in three closely related species: the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and Heliothis subflexa. Of the fourteen loci surveyed, only four loci (HaB60, HaC14, HaC87, HarSSR(1)) consistently demonstrated scorable single-copy microsatellite bands. Of these four, length polymorphism was identified only in the HaB60 marker (160 bp, 140 bp) of the H. virescens and H. subflexa sampled laboratory populations. Partial DNA sequences of all the identified single-copy microsatellites are presented as well as alignments to their respective H. armigera microsatellite. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 47 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059AS UT WOS:000238706300002 PM 17119629 ER PT J AU Neupert, S Predel, R Russell, WK Davies, R Pietrantonio, PV Nachman, RJ AF Neupert, S Predel, R Russell, WK Davies, R Pietrantonio, PV Nachman, RJ TI Identification of tick periviscerokinin, the first neurohormone of Ixodidae: Single cell analysis by means of MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry; neuropeptide; periviscerokinin; Boophilus; Ixodes; tick; single cell analysis ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; NEUROPEPTIDES; INSECTS; RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE; FAMILY; SEQUENCE AB The first peptidergic neurohormone from the ticks Ixodes ricinus and Boophilus rnicroplus has been identified by using a combination of immunocytochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis of single cells. The novel peptide (Ixori-PVK, PALIPFPRV-NH2) shows a high sequence homology with members of the insect periviscerokinin/CAP2(b) peptides that in insects are involved in the regulation of water balance. The function of this peptide in ticks is still unknown, but these pests consume large amounts of blood in a single blood meal which is a challenge for the regulation of diuretic processes. Thus, the novel peptide may be involved in one of the key physiological processes in ticks. High energy collision-induced dissociation was successfully used to distinguish between Leu/Ile ambiguities in single cell preparations. This is the first successful de novo sequencing of a peptide from single cell preparations of arthropods. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Cattle Tick Fever Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neupert, S (reprint author), Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, Erberstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM mail@susanne-neupert.de RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR019587] NR 25 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 338 IS 4 BP 1860 EP 1864 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.165 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 991LQ UT WOS:000233815900029 PM 16289040 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Biresaw, G Jackson, MA AF Dunlap, CA Biresaw, G Jackson, MA TI Hydrophobic and electrostatic cell surface properties of blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; surface energy; blastospores; contact angle; zeta potential ID MICROBIAL-CELLS; RUSSIAN WHEAT; ADHESION; EFFICACY; CONIDIA; INFECTIVITY; GERMINATION; CULTURE; SYSTEMS; CUTICLE AB The physicochemical surface properties of blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were examined. Contact angle measurements were performed on microbial lawns composed of blastospores of P. fumosoroseus to quantify their cell surface energy components. In addition, suspensions of the blastospores were characterized with the microbial adhesion to solvents assay. Zeta potential measurements were used to quantify the surface charge and determine the zero potential of the blastospores. The results show blastospores of P.fumosoroseus are best described as having a basic monopolar surface and classified as hydrophilic. Blastospores are also negatively charged under neutral conditions with an isoelectric point of 3.4. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunlap, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dunlapc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.014 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 007LJ UT WOS:000234970200009 PM 16388935 ER PT J AU McNamara, JP Chandler, D Seyfried, M Achet, S AF McNamara, JP Chandler, D Seyfried, M Achet, S TI Soil moisture states, lateral flow, and streamflow generation in a semi-arid, snowmelt-driven catchment SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE runoff generation; soil moisture; semi-arid; snowmelt; hydraulic connectivity ID WATER-CONTENT; HILLSLOPE AB Hydraulic connectivity on hillslopes and the existence of preferred soil moisture states in a catchment have important controls on runoff generation. In this study we investigate the relationships between soil moisture patterns, lateral hillslope flow, and streamflow generation in a semi-arid, snowmelt-driven catchment. We identiy five soil moisture conditions that occur during a year and present a conceptual model based on field studies and computer simulations of how streamflow is generated with respect to the soil moisture conditions. The five soil moisture conditions are (1) a summer dry period, (2) a transitional fall wetting period, (3) a winter wet, low-flux period, (4) a spring wet, high-flux period, and (5) a transitional late-spring drying period. Transitions between the periods are driven by changes in the water balance between rain, snow, snowmelt and evapotranspiration. Low rates of water input to the soil during the winter allow dry soil regions to persist at the soil-bedrock interface, which act as barriers to lateral flow. Once the dry-soil flow barriers are wetted, whole-slope hydraulic connectivity is established, lateral flow can occur, and upland soils are in direct connection with the near-stream soil moisture. This whole-slope connectivity can alter near-stream hydraulics and modify the delivery of water, pressure, and solutes to the stream. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84319 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Roosevelt Univ, Sch Sci & Math, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP McNamara, JP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM jmcnamar@boisestate.edu RI Chandler, David/E-4543-2013; McNamara, James/F-1993-2011 OI Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892; NR 19 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 20 BP 4023 EP 4038 DI 10.1002/hyp.5869 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 003TT UT WOS:000234705200006 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JR Aime, MC Henkel, TW AF Hernandez, JR Aime, MC Henkel, TW TI The rust fungi (Uredinales) of Guyana SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; Malupa pakaraimensis; neotropical; Pakaraima mountains; Ravenelia guyanensis; Uredo baruensis; Uromyces neotropicalis AB This compilation of the rust fungi of Guyana is based on collections made recently in Guyana, specimens in the US National Fungus Collection (BPI), and literature reports. Here, 5 5 species of Uredinales are recorded for Guyana, including 20 new records for the country and four new species: Malupa pakaraimensis, Ravenelia guyanensis, Uredo baruensis, and Uromyces neotropicalis. A host-fungus list by plant family is provided. C1 ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Hernandez, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jose@nt.ars-grin.gov; cathie@nt.ars-grin.gov; twh5@humboldt.edu NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2 BP 189 EP 222 PG 34 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 009WR UT WOS:000235144700005 ER PT J AU Golde, WT Pacheco, JM Duque, H Doel, T Penfold, B Ferman, GS Gregg, DR Rodriguez, LL AF Golde, WT Pacheco, JM Duque, H Doel, T Penfold, B Ferman, GS Gregg, DR Rodriguez, LL TI Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus confers complete clinical protection in 7 days and partial protection in 4 days: Use in emergency outbreak response SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease virous; rapid acting vaccines; emergency outbreak response ID CONTACT TRANSMISSION; CARRIER STATE; ANIMALS; REDUCTION; DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP AB Recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) demonstrate that this highly contagious viral infection of cloven hoofed animals continues to be a significant economic problem worldwide. Debate about the most effective way to respond to outbreaks of FMDV in disease free countries continues to center on the use of vaccines. In this report, we present data showing that a commercially available, standard dose vaccine formulation can fully protect cattle against direct challenge with the virus in as little as 7 days with no carrier transmission to naive animals. Cattle challenged 4 days after vaccination have reduced disease severity, no detectable virus in blood and little virus shedding from nasal secretions. These significant effects at 4 days post vaccination, confirmed in two separate trials, support the value of using currently available vaccines as a first line of defense against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Food & Mouth Dis Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Merial Anim Hlth Ltd, Pirbright, Surrey, England. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Food & Mouth Dis Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM wgolde@piadc.ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 30 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 50 BP 5775 EP 5782 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.043 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 997FM UT WOS:000234230500011 PM 16153756 ER PT J AU Hanson, CL Moffet, CA Wight, JR Mowbray, JE AF Hanson, CL Moffet, CA Wight, JR Mowbray, JE TI Ekalaka, Montana small watershed data set: Precipitation, runoff, air temperature, and soil water, 1968-1980 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A 12-year (1968-1980) hydrologic database has been developed for three sets of watersheds on the frail land resource area located near Ekalaka in southeast Montana. These records contain daily maximum and minimum air temperature, precipitation, runoff, soil water measured monthly and more often during the growing season, and breakpoint precipitation and runoff for summer runoff events. These data can be accessed from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, Idaho database through the anonymous ftp site ftp.nwrc.ars.usda.gov. C1 Agr Res Serv, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Hanson, CL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM cmoffet@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 29 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 AR W12435 DI 10.1029/2005WR004286 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 001BV UT WOS:000234508500002 ER PT J AU Corbit, RM Ferreira, JFS Ebbs, SD Murphy, LL AF Corbit, RM Ferreira, JFS Ebbs, SD Murphy, LL TI Simplified extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) for high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE American ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; HPLC-UV; liquid chromatography; ginsenoside extraction ID LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; ASSISTED EXTRACTION; TISSUE-CULTURES; ASIAN GINSENG; ROOTS; SAPONINS; LEAF; MICROWAVE; PRODUCTS AB Four methods were tested for extraction and recovery of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) found in roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius): method A, sonication in 100% methanol (MeOH) at room temperature (rt); method B, sonication in 70% aqueous MeOH at rt; method C, water extraction (90 degrees C) with gentle agitation; and method D, refluxing (60 degrees C) in 100% MeOH. After 0.5-1 h, the samples were filtered and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV. A second extraction by methods C and D was done, but 85-90% of ginsenosides were obtained during the first extraction. Lyophilization of extracts did not influence ginsenoside recovery. Method D resulted in the highest significant recoveries of all ginsenosides, except Rg1. Method C was the next most effective method, while method A resulted in the lowest ginsenoside recoveries. Method B led to similar recoveries as method C. All methods used one filtration step, omitted time-consuming cleanup, but maintained clear peak resolution by HPLC, and can be used for quantitative screening of ginsenosides from roots and commercial ginseng preparations. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM jorge.ferreira@ars.usda.gov OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 56 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 26 BP 9867 EP 9873 DI 10.1021/jf051504p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 997PU UT WOS:000234259700004 PM 16366667 ER PT J AU Warner, K AF Warner, K TI Effects on the flavor and oxidative stability of stripped soybean and sunflower oils with added pure tocopherols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; delta-tocopherol; gamma-tocopherol; flavor; oxidation; oxidative stability; soybean oil; sunflower oil; tocopherol; volatile compounds ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; EDIBLE OILS AB Effects of tocopherols on the oxidative stability of stripped vegetable oils were studied by adding pure tocopherols-alpha, beta, gamma, and delta = in their naturally occurring proportions in soybean and sunflower oils to the triacylglycerols (TAG) of soybean and sunflower oils. Soybean and sunflower oils were purified by stripping all minor constituents, leaving the triacylglycerols. Pure tocopherols in the proportion typical of sunflower oil-high alpha, low gamma, and low delta-were added to purified sunflower oil and to purified soybean oil. Pure tocopherols in the proportion typical of soybean oil-low alpha, high gamma, and high delta-were added to the purified oils. Oils were subjected to accelerated autoxidation using oven storage at 60 degrees C in the dark and accelerated photooxidation at 7500 Ix light intensity at 30 degrees C. Oxidation levels of aged oils were measured by the formation of both peroxides and volatile compounds and by flavor analysis. Results from substituting the tocopherol profile from one oil type to another varied on the basis of whether they were oxidized in the dark or in the light. For example, during autoxidation in the dark, soybean oil with the typical soybean tocopherol profile had the lowest levels of peroxides and total volatile compounds, whereas sunflower oil with the sunflower tocopherol profile had the highest levels. In flavor analyses of the same oils, sunflower oil with the soybean tocopherol profile was the most stable. Soybean oil with the profile of sunflower tocopherols was the least stable in dark oxidation. In contrast to the data from autoxidation in the dark, addition of tocopherols typical of sunflower oil significantly improved light stability of both oil types compared to the addition of soybean tocopherols to sunflower oil. The tocopherol profile typical of soybean oil was significantly more effective in inhibiting autoxidation in the dark; however, the tocopherol profile typical of sunflower oil inhibited light oxidation significantly more than the soybean tocopherol profile. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM warnerk@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 26 BP 9906 EP 9910 DI 10.1021/jf0517593 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 997PU UT WOS:000234259700010 PM 16366673 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Foster, JG Neel, JPS Fedders, JM AF Clapham, WM Foster, JG Neel, JPS Fedders, JM TI Fatty acid composition of traditional and novel forages SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; forage; ruminant nutrition; forage-finished beef; conjugated linoleic acid ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; FISH-OIL; MILK; DIETS; CATTLE; GRASS AB Managing the fatty acid composition of grazing ruminant diets could lead to meat and milk products that have higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations, but forage fatty acid dynamics must be more fully understood for a range of forages before grazing systems can be specified. The fatty acid profiles of 13 different forages, including grasses, legumes, and forbs, grown under greenhouse conditions, were determined. Three separate harvests, at 3-week intervals, were made of each plant material. a-Linolenic [C18:3, 7.0-38.4 mg g(-1) of dry matter (DM)], linoleic (C18:2, 2.0-10.3 mg g(-1) of DM), and palmitic (C16:0, 2.6-7.5 mg g(-1) of DM) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all species at each harvest, together representing similar to 93% of the fatty acids present. Concentrations of fatty acids declined as plants developed, but the fractional contribution of each fatty acid to total fatty acids remained relatively stable over time. Grasses had a uniform composition across species with a mean of 66% of total fatty acids provided by C18:3, 13% by C18:2, and 14% by C16:0. The fractional contribution of C18:3 to total fatty acids was lower and more variable in forbs than in grasses. Intake of fatty acid by grazing ruminants would be affected by the forage species consumed. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM william.clapham@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 26 BP 10068 EP 10073 DI 10.1021/jf0517039 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 997PU UT WOS:000234259700033 PM 16366696 ER PT J AU Chappell, MA Laird, DA Thompson, ML Evangelou, VP AF Chappell, MA Laird, DA Thompson, ML Evangelou, VP TI Cosorption of atrazine and a lauryl polyoxyethylene oxide nonionic surfactant on smectite SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide formulations; atrazine; PEO surfactants; Brij 35; smectite; crystalline swelling; sorption ID CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; SOIL; PESTICIDES; SYSTEM; WATER; MOBILITY; LAYER AB Commercial atrazine formulations commonly contain nonionic surfactants that serve as solubilizing and wetting agents for enhancing the stability and efficacy of the herbicide. The fate of atrazine in soils has been extensively investigated; yet, few studies have considered the effects of formulation components on the fate of atrazine in soils. In this study, we investigated the influence of the nonionic surfactant, Brij 35 (Brij), on the sorption of atrazine on Ca- and K-saturated samples of a reference smectite, Panther Creek (PC). In general, Brij concentrations of 50 and 200 mg L-1 had little effect on atrazine sorption, but sorption was substantially inhibited by Brij concentrations of 2100 mg L-1. For Brij concentrations of 6300 mg L-1, atrazine sorption was intermediate between that observed for the 200 and 2100 mg L-1 Brij systems. Brij molecules themselves were very strongly sorbed by PC, with sorption maxima exceeding 200 g kg(-1). X-ray diffraction analysis of Brij-treated PC indicated that the sorbed Brij was intercalated into interlayers of the smectite. At Brij concentrations of 2100 mg L-1, Brij competed with atrazine for interlayer sorption sites. In contrast, at the initial Brij concentration of 6300 mg L-1, the clay interlayers were largely filled with Brij, and excess Brij probably accumulated on external surfaces of the clay as surface micelles. We hypothesize that atrazine partitioning into surfactant micelles on external surfaces of the clay led to enhanced retention by the solid phase. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chappell, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM machap@iastate.edu RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 26 BP 10127 EP 10133 DI 10.1021/jf052126r PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 997PU UT WOS:000234259700042 PM 16366705 ER PT J AU Engle-Stone, R Yeung, A Welch, R Glahn, R AF Engle-Stone, R Yeung, A Welch, R Glahn, R TI Meat and ascorbic acid can promote Fe availability from Fe-phytate but not from Fe-tannic acid complexes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; tannic acid; iron bioavailability; in vitro digestion; Caco-2 ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; NONHEME-IRON-ABSORPTION; PHYTIC-ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MONOFERRIC PHYTATE; FOOD IRON; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; DIFFERENT NUMBERS; ANIMAL PROTEINS; CACO-2 CELLS AB This study utilized an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to determine the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and "meat factor" needed to promote Fe absorption from Fe complexed with phytic acid (PA) or tannic acid (TA). AA reversed the inhibition of Fe absorption by PA beginning at a molar ratio of 1:20:1 (Fe:PA:AA) but essentially had no effect on the Fe complexed with TA. Fish also reversed the inhibition of Fe uptake by PA but not by TA. TA and fish decreased total Fe solubility. Iron in the presence of PA was highly soluble. AA, but not fish, increased the percentage of soluble Fe as Fe2+ in the presence of both inhibitors. The results indicate that monoferric phytate is a form of Fe that can be available for absorption in the presence of uptake promoters. In contrast, a TA-Fe complex is much less soluble and unavailable in the presence of promoters. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rpg3@cornell.edu NR 51 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 26 BP 10276 EP 10284 DI 10.1021/jf0518453 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 997PU UT WOS:000234259700064 PM 16366727 ER PT J AU Park, S Li, JS Pittman, JK Berkowitz, GA Yang, HB Undurraga, S Morris, J Hirschi, KD Gaxiola, RA AF Park, S Li, JS Pittman, JK Berkowitz, GA Yang, HB Undurraga, S Morris, J Hirschi, KD Gaxiola, RA TI Up-regulation of a H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) as a strategy to engineer drought-resistant crop plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE root development; biotechnology; water deficit stress; tomato ID WATER-STRESS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; STOMATAL CONTROL; ROOT-GROWTH; TOLERANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; TOMATO; CLONES AB Engineering drought-resistant crop plants is a critically important objective. Overexpression of the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) AVP1 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana results in enhanced performance under soil water deficits. Recent work demonstrates that AVP1 plays an important role in root development through the facilitation of auxin fluxes. With the objective of improving crop performance, we expressed AVP1 in a commercial cultivar of tomato. This approach resulted in (i) greater pyrophosphate-driven cation transport into root vacuolar fractions, (ii) increased root biomass, and (iii) enhanced recovery of plants from an episode of soil water deficit stress. More robust root systems allowed transgenic tomato plants to take up greater amounts of water during the imposed water deficit stress, resulting in a more favorable plant water status and less injury. This study documents a general strategy for improving drought resistance of crops. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Gaxiola, RA (reprint author), 1390 Storrs Rd,U-163, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM roberto.gaxiola@uconn.edu OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 NR 38 TC 135 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 27 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 52 BP 18830 EP 18835 DI 10.1073/pnas.0509512102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 998WG UT WOS:000234350000012 PM 16361442 ER PT J AU Hicks, NS Smith, JA Miller, AJ Nelson, PA AF Hicks, NS Smith, JA Miller, AJ Nelson, PA TI Catastrophic flooding from an orographic thunderstorm in the central Appalachians SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; WESTERN CASCADES; FLASH-FLOOD; STORM; RAINFALL; STREAMS; HILLSLOPE; VIRGINIA; IMPACTS; WSR-88D AB [1] An orographic thunderstorm system in Pendleton County, West Virginia, produced 125 - 150 mm of rainfall in less than 1 hour on 9 August 2003. Rainfall and fluvial impacts were concentrated in the ungauged 2.1 km(2) Saul's Run watershed. Despite the short duration of the event the flood produced significant fluvial impacts and abrupt changes in the extent of incision and channel widening. Hydrometeorological analyses of the storm are based on WSR-88D radar reflectivity observations and rain gauge observations. The small multicell thunderstorms that produced the Saul's Run flood were not markedly different from other storms in the central Appalachian region on 9 August 2003. Detailed surveys of high watermarks and channel/floodplain geometry are used for hydraulic analyses of the Saul's Run flood, including estimation of peak discharge at four locations. Peak discharge estimates at the 1 km(2) scale cluster around 18 m(3) s(-1), placing this event on the flood envelope curve for the mid-Atlantic region. Observed rainfall, estimated peak discharge, and observer notes on timing of peak discharge are used along with a distributed hydrologic model to reconstruct hydrographs at multiple locations. Hydrologic modeling indicates that land use effects may have significantly influenced extreme flood response in Saul's Run. The wide range of fluvial impacts is consistent with patterns of boundary shear stress and unit stream power derived from a simulation of the Saul's Run flood using a 2-D depth-averaged hydraulic model. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. RP Hicks, NS (reprint author), ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, USDA, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM hicks@coshocton.ars.usda.gov RI Nelson, Peter/C-9538-2017 OI Nelson, Peter/0000-0002-8679-3982 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 24 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 12 AR W12428 DI 10.1029/2005WR004129 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 999EE UT WOS:000234370800002 ER PT J AU Seymour, LM Mowry, TM Day, WH Barbour, JD AF Seymour, LM Mowry, TM Day, WH Barbour, JD TI Parasitism of Lygus spp. nymphs by the parasitoid wasp, Peristenus howardi, in the alfalfa seed-growing region of the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; MIRIDAE; HEMIPTERA; BUGS; ABUNDANCE; HESPERUS; BIOLOGY AB The parasitoid, Peristenus howardi Shaw (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been found to parasitize a large proportion of Lygus species in some Washington and Idaho alfalfa seed fields. During 2002-2003 a survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) parasitized and the amount of that parasitism attributable to P. howardi in crop and non-crop plants attacked by Lygus in the alfalfa seed growing region of southwestern Idaho and eastern Oregon. Percentage parasitism was estimated from dissection of field-collected Lygus nymphs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify DNA extracted from parasitoid larvae followed by restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR products to distinguish P. howardi from other potentially co-occurring Peristenus species. Peak parasitism of Lygus nymphs occurred between the first and third weeks of July for both years for all host plants sampled. Of the parasitoid larvae recovered from Lygus nymphs in our study, 75% to 8o% tested positive as Peristenus spp. and 76% of these matched the endonuclease digestion banding pattern for P. howardi. The identity of the remaining 20% to 25% of the parasitoids is not known. C1 Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Parma, ID 83660 USA. USDA ARS, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Barbour, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, 29603 U I Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jbarbour@uidaho.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 44 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059AR UT WOS:000238706200004 PM 17119626 ER PT J AU Machida, M Asai, K Sano, M Tanaka, T Kumagai, T Terai, G Kusumoto, KI Arima, T Akita, O Kashiwagi, Y Abe, K Gomi, K Horiuchi, H Kitamoto, K Kobayashi, T Takeuchi, M Denning, DW Galagan, JE Nierman, WC Yu, JJ Archer, DB Bennett, JW Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Fedorova, ND Gotoh, O Horikawa, H Hosoyama, A Ichinomiya, M Igarashi, R Iwashita, K Juvvadi, PR Kato, M Kato, Y Kin, T Kokubun, A Maeda, H Maeyama, N Maruyama, J Nagasaki, H Nakajima, T Oda, K Okada, K Paulsen, I Sakamoto, K Sawano, T Takahashi, M Takase, K Terabayashi, Y Wortman, JR Yamada, O Yamagata, Y Anazawa, H Hata, Y Koide, Y Komori, T Koyama, Y Minetoki, T Suharnan, S Tanaka, A Isono, K Kuhara, S Ogasawara, N Kikuchi, H AF Machida, M Asai, K Sano, M Tanaka, T Kumagai, T Terai, G Kusumoto, KI Arima, T Akita, O Kashiwagi, Y Abe, K Gomi, K Horiuchi, H Kitamoto, K Kobayashi, T Takeuchi, M Denning, DW Galagan, JE Nierman, WC Yu, JJ Archer, DB Bennett, JW Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Fedorova, ND Gotoh, O Horikawa, H Hosoyama, A Ichinomiya, M Igarashi, R Iwashita, K Juvvadi, PR Kato, M Kato, Y Kin, T Kokubun, A Maeda, H Maeyama, N Maruyama, J Nagasaki, H Nakajima, T Oda, K Okada, K Paulsen, I Sakamoto, K Sawano, T Takahashi, M Takase, K Terabayashi, Y Wortman, JR Yamada, O Yamagata, Y Anazawa, H Hata, Y Koide, Y Komori, T Koyama, Y Minetoki, T Suharnan, S Tanaka, A Isono, K Kuhara, S Ogasawara, N Kikuchi, H TI Genome sequencing and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; GENE; EVOLUTION; TRANSFORMATION; PLASMID; PROGRAM; FLAVUS; YEAST; TAGS; DNA AB The genome of Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus important for the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages in Japan, has been sequenced. The ability to secrete large amounts of proteins and the development of a transformation system(1) have facilitated the use of A. oryzae in modern biotechnology(2-4). Although both A. oryzae and Aspergillus flavus belong to the section Flavi of the subgenus Circumdati of Aspergillus, A. oryzae, unlike A. flavus, does not produce aflatoxin, and its long history of use in the food industry has proved its safety. Here we show that the 37-megabase (Mb) genome of A. oryzae contains 12,074 genes and is expanded by 7 - 9 Mb in comparison with the genomes of Aspergillus nidulans(5) and Aspergillus fumigatus(6). Comparison of the three aspergilli species revealed the presence of syntenic blocks and A. oryzae-specific blocks ( lacking synteny with A. nidulans and A. fumigatus) in a mosaic manner throughout the genome of A. oryzae. The blocks of A. oryzae-specific sequence are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, particularly those for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Specific expansion of genes for secretory hydrolytic enzymes, amino acid metabolism and amino acid/sugar uptake transporters supports the idea that A. oryzae is an ideal microorganism for fermentation. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Inst Biol Resources & Funct, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. AIST, Computat Biol Res Ctr, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. Natl Inst Technol & Evaluat, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1510066, Japan. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. Natl Res Inst Brewing, Hiroshima 7390046, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo 1830054, Japan. Univ Manchester, Manchester M23 9PL, Lancs, England. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008185, Japan. Gekkeikan Sake Co Ltd, Res Inst, Fushimi Ku, Kyoto 6128361, Japan. Amano Enzyme Inc, Gifu 5090108, Japan. INTEC Web & Genome Informat Corp, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1368637, Japan. Kikkoman Foods Inc, Chiba 2780037, Japan. Ozeki Co Ltd, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 6638227, Japan. Axiohelix, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. Higeta Shoyu Ltd, Chiba 2888680, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Nara 6300101, Japan. RP Machida, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Inst Biol Resources & Funct, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. EM m.machida@aist.go.jp RI Juvvadi, Praveen/G-9380-2012; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Ogasawara, Naotake/B-7971-2011; Yamagata, Youhei/H-6602-2013; TAKEUCHI, Michio/H-6592-2013; Kobayashi, Tetsuo/I-6901-2014; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Abrams, Natalie/F-4845-2011; OI Juvvadi, Praveen/0000-0002-5112-7824; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Galagan, James/0000-0003-0542-3291; Kobayashi, Tetsuo/0000-0002-4008-454X; Abrams, Natalie/0000-0001-9698-2819; KATO, Masashi/0000-0002-8951-3640; Wortman, Jennifer/0000-0002-8713-1227; Denning, David/0000-0001-5626-2251 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [CFB17726] NR 28 TC 609 Z9 1170 U1 15 U2 145 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7071 BP 1157 EP 1161 DI 10.1038/nature04300 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 995OF UT WOS:000234111500051 PM 16372010 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L Jenkins, EJ AF Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L Jenkins, EJ TI Global warming is changing the dynamics of Arctic host-parasite systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; Arctic; Canada; parasitology; emerging disease ID UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI; ELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-RANGIFERI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUMAN HEALTH; NEMATODA; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; TEMPERATURE; GASTROPODS; ECOLOGY AB Global climate change is altering the ecology of infectious agents and driving the emergence A disease in people, domestic animals, and wildlife. We present a novel, empirically based, predictive model for the impact of climate warming on development rates and availability of an important parasitic nematode of muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic, a region that is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Using this model, we show that warming in the Arctic may have already radically altered the transmission dynamics of this parasite, escalating infection pressure for muskoxen, and that this trend is expected to continue. This work establishes a foundation for understanding responses to climate change of other host-parasite systems, in the Arctic and globally. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med Vet, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM susan.kutz@usask.ca NR 35 TC 133 Z9 144 U1 15 U2 91 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1581 BP 2571 EP 2576 DI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3285 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 992VA UT WOS:000233910900002 PM 16321777 ER PT J AU Clay, LA Wang, SY Wolters, WR Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC AF Clay, LA Wang, SY Wolters, WR Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC TI Molecular characterization of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) gene in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE development; hormone; growth; microsatellite; linkage ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; TIME RT-PCR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; BINDING PROTEIN; FISH; GH; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; RECEPTORS AB The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene was characterized in channel catfish. Partial cDNA sequence, missing exon 1 and part of exon 2, was obtained in 5'- and 3'-RACE experiments. Direct sequencing of two bacterial artificial chromosome clones revealed gene structure and provided sequence from 640 bp upstream of the initiator methionine to 136 bp beyond the polyadenylation site. Genomic sequence contained a putative TATA box 506 bp upstream of the initiator methionine. The 477-bp reading frame within five exons encoded a 159-amino acid (aa) prepropeptide highly similar to IGF-I in higher vertebrates. The:sequence encoding the signal peptide was unique in catfish and contained 70% G + C content with the potential for a stable stem-loop structure. Full-length cDNA was only maintained in recombination-deficient (DH10B) strain E. coli. Levels of lGF-I mRNA were highest in liver, followed by brain and muscle, then heart and kidney (P < 0.05). A CT/GA dinucleotide microsatellite in intron I was highly polymorphic in commercial channel catfish, and permitted placement of the IGF-I gene on the catfish genetic map. However, specific IGF-I alleles were not correlated with differences in growth rate from 100 to 130 days post-hatch in USDA103 line catfish. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Maine, USDA, ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 1731 IS 3 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.10.001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 992CD UT WOS:000233861000001 PM 16298440 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Means, NE Kim, S AF Kremer, RJ Means, NE Kim, S TI Glyphosate affects soybean root exudation and rhizosphere micro-organisms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on the Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Vail, CO DE glyphosate; immunosorbent assay; Fusarium; rhizosphere micro-organisms; soybean root exudates ID JAPONICUM; HERBICIDE; STRAINS; BIOMASS AB Glyphosate is a non- selective, broad- spectrum herbicide that kills plants by inhibiting the enzyme 5- enolpyruvylshikimic acid- 3- phosphate synthase ( EPSPS), which is necessary for synthesis of aromatic amino acids. A secondary mode of action involves infection of roots of glyphosate- susceptible plants by soil- borne micro- organisms due to decreased production of plant protection compounds known as phytoalexins. Varieties of several crops, including glyphosate- resistant ( GR) or Roundup Ready soybean, are genetically modified to resist the herbicidal effects of glyphosate and provide farmers with an effective weed- management tool. After glyphosate is applied to GR soybean, glyphosate that is not bound to glyphosate- resistant EPSPS is translocated throughout the plant and accumulates primarily in meristematic tissues. We previously reported that fungal colonization of GR soybean roots increased significantly after application of glyphosate but not after conventional postemergence herbicides. Because glyphosate may be released into soil from GR roots, we characterized the response of rhizosphere fungi and bacteria to root exudates from GR and non- GR ( Williams 82; W82) cultivars treated with and without glyphosate at field application rates. Using an immunoassay technique, glyphosate at concentrations > 1000 ng plant (-1) were detected in exudates of hydroponically grown GR soybean at 16 days post- glyphosate application. Glyphosate also increased carbohydrate and amino acid contents in root exudates in both soybean cultivars. However, GR soybean released higher carbohydrate and amino acid contents in root exudates than W82 soybean without glyphosate treatment. In vitro bioassays showed that glyphosate in the exudates stimulated growth of selected rhizosphere fungi, possibly by providing a selective C and N source combined with the high levels of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids associated with glyphosate treatment of the soybean plants. Increased fungal populations that develop under glyphosate treatment of GR soybean may adversely affect plant growth and biological processes in the soil and rhizosphere. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu NR 31 TC 89 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 15 BP 1165 EP 1174 DI 10.1080/03067310500273146 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 988AT UT WOS:000233564500006 ER PT J AU French, R Stenger, DC AF French, R Stenger, DC TI Population structure within lineages of Wheat streak mosaic virus derived from a common founding event exhibits stochastic variation inconsistent with the deterministic quasi-species model SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE potyvirus; tritimovirus; population genetics; genetic drift; genetic bottlenecks ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; EVOLUTION; MUTATIONS; RECOMBINATION; HETEROGENEITY; TRITIMOVIRUS; POLYMORPHISM AB Structure of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) populations derived from a common founding event and subjected to serial passage at high multiplicity of infection (MOI) was evaluated. The founding population was generated by limiting dilution inoculation. Lineages of known pedigree were sampled at passage 9 (two populations) and at passage 15, with (three populations) or without mixing (four populations) of lineages at passage 10. Polymorphism within each population was assessed by sequencing 17-21 clones containing a 1371 nt region (WSMV-Sidney 81 nts 8001-9371) encompassing the entire coat protein cistron and flanking regions. Mutation frequency averaged -5.0 x 10(-4)/nt across all populations and ranged from 2.4 to 11.6 x 10(-4)/nt within populations, but did not consistently increase or decrease with the number of passages removed from the founding population. Shared substitutions (19 synonymous, 10 synonymous, and 3 noncoding) occurred at 32 sites among 44 haplotypes. Only four substitutions became fixed (frequency = 100%) within a population and nearly one third (10/32) never achieved a frequency of 10% or greater in any sampled population. Shared substitutions were randomly distributed with respect to genome position, with transitions Outnumbering transversions 5.4:1 and a clear bias for A to G and U to C substitutions. Haplotype composition of each population was unique with complexity of each population varying unpredictably, in that the number and frequency of haplotypes within a lineage were not correlated with number of passages removed from the founding population or whether the population was derived from a single or mixed lineage. The simplest explanation is that plant virus lineages, even those propagated at high MOI, are subject to frequent, narrow genetic bottlenecks during systemic movement that result in low effective population size and stochastic changes in population structure upon serial passage. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.037 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 997QQ UT WOS:000234262100004 PM 16181653 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Anastassiades, M AF Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ Anastassiades, M TI Combination of analyte protectants to overcome matrix effects in routine GC analysis of pesticide residues in food matrixes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; PULSED SPLITLESS INJECTION; ON-COLUMN INJECTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; RESPONSE ENHANCEMENT; PERFORMANCE AB Analyte protectants were previously defined as compounds that strongly interact with active sites in the gas chromatographic (GC) system, thus decreasing degradation, adsorption, or both of coinjected analytes. In this study, we evaluated various combinations of promising analyte protectants for the volatility range of GC-amenable pesticides using GC/quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) and 1-mu'L hot splitless injection for sample introduction. A mixture of ethylglycerol, gulonolactone, and sorbitol (at 10, 1, and 1 mg/mL, respectively, in the injected samples) was found to be the most effective in minimizing losses of susceptible analytes and significantly improving their peak shapes (due to reduction of peak tailing). When added to final sample extracts and matrix-free calibration standards alike, these analyte protectants induced a similar response enhancement in both instances, resulting in effective equalization of the matrix-induced response enhancement effect even after a large number of fruit and vegetable extract injections. As compared to matrix-matched standardization, the analyte protectant approach offers a more convenient solution to the problems associated with calibration in routine GC/MS analysis of pesticide residues and possibly other susceptible analyte types in diverse samples. Moreover, the use of analyte protectants also substantially reduced another adverse matrix-related effect caused by gradual build-up of nonvolatile matrix components in the GC system, thus improving ruggedness and, consequently, reducing need for frequent maintenance. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Chem & Veterinaruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, D-70736 Fellbach, Germany. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 16 TC 122 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 24 BP 8129 EP 8137 DI 10.1021/ac0515576 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 995DD UT WOS:000234079200037 PM 16351165 ER PT J AU Nagle, DG Zhou, YD Mohammed, KA Hossain, CF Hodges, TW Kim, YP Mora, FD Baerson, SR Agarwal, AK Zhang, L Bruick, RK Jones, DK AF Nagle, DG Zhou, YD Mohammed, KA Hossain, CF Hodges, TW Kim, YP Mora, FD Baerson, SR Agarwal, AK Zhang, L Bruick, RK Jones, DK TI Potent new small molecule inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT AACR/NCI/EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics CY NOV 14-18, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP AACR, NCI, EORTC, AMGEN, AstraZeneca, Britol-Myers Squibb Co, Pfizer, Sanofi Aventis, Bayer Hlth Car Pharmaceut, Lilly, Genentech, GSK GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson &Johnson, MERCK, NOVARTIS ONCOL, Centocor, OSI Oncol, Schering-Plough, BTG, Servier, RADPHARM, Cvitkovic & Associes C1 Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. UT SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 24 SU S BP 9083S EP 9083S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 999IJ UT WOS:000234382701059 ER PT J AU Lombard, JE Garry, FB McCluskey, BJ Wagner, BA AF Lombard, JE Garry, FB McCluskey, BJ Wagner, BA TI Risk of removal and effects on milk production associated with paratuberculosis status in dairy cows SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID JOHNES-DISEASE; SUBCLINICAL PARATUBERCULOSIS; PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; ECONOMIC-LOSSES; HERD; INFECTION; SIMULATION; MICHIGAN; CATTLE; IMPACT AB Objective-To determine effects on production and risk of removal related to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection at the individual animal level in dairy cattle. Design-Longitudinal study. Animals-7,879 dairy cows from 38 herds in 16 states. Procedure-A subset of dairy cattle operations that participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System Dairy 2002 study was evaluated via a serum ELISA for antibodies against MAP and categorized according to ELISA score. Dairy Herd Improvement Association records were obtained to collect current and historical lactation data and removal (ie, culling) information. Production variables were evaluated on the basis of serum ELISA category. Results-Cows with strong positive results had mature equivalent (ME) 305-day milk production, ME 305-day maximum milk production, and total lifetime milk production that were significantly lower than cows in other categories. No differences were observed for ME 305-day fat and protein percentages, age, lactation, and lactation mean linear somatic cell count score between cows with strong positive results and those with negative results. After accounting for lactation number and relative herd-level milk production, cows with strong positive results were significantly more likely to have been removed by 1 year after testing. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Without management changes designed to reduce the farm-level prevalence of MAP infection, paratuberculosis will continue to reduce farm income by decreasing milk production and potentially increasing premature removal from the herd. C1 Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B-2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 12 BP 1975 EP 1981 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1975 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 994BS UT WOS:000234005500031 PM 16379637 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Schuster, GU Gregg, JP Xiao, JH Chandraratna, RAS Stephensen, CB AF Rasooly, R Schuster, GU Gregg, JP Xiao, JH Chandraratna, RAS Stephensen, CB TI Retinoid X receptor agonists increase Bc12a1 expression and decrease apoptosis of naive T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; NF-KAPPA-B; CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; ACID RECEPTOR; ALL-TRANS; FAS LIGAND; VITAMIN-A; RXR-ALPHA; MEDIATE APOPTOSIS AB Vitamin A affects many aspects of T lymphocyte development and function. The vitamin A metabolites all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid regulate gene expression by binding to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), while 9-cis-retinoic acid also binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Naive DO11.10 T lymphocytes expressed mRNA and protein for RAR-alpha, RXR-alpha, and RXR-beta. DNA microarray analysis was used to identify RXR-responsive genes in naive DO11.10 T lymphocytes treated with the RXR agonist AGN194204. A total of 128 genes was differentially expressed, including 16 (15%) involved in cell growth or apoptosis. Among these was Bcl2a1, an antiapoptotic Bc12 family member. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed this finding and demonstrated that Bc12a1 mRNA expression was significantly greater in nonapoptotic than in apoptotic T lymphocytes. The RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid also increased Bc12a1 expression, although all-trans-retinoic acid and ligands for other RXR partner receptors did not. Treatment with AGN194204 and 9-cis-retinoic acid significantly decreased apoptosis measured by annexin V staining but did not affect expression of Bc12 and Bcl-x(L). Bc12a1 promoter activity was examined using a luciferase promoter construct. Both AGN194204 and 9-cis-retinoic acid significantly increased luciferase activity. In summary, these data demonstrate that RXR agonists increase Bc12a1 promoter activity and increase expression of Bc12a1 in naive T lymphocytes but do not affect Bc12 and Bcl-x(L) expression in naive T lymphocytes. Thus, this effect on Bcl2a1 expression may account for the decreased apoptosis seen in naive T lymphocytes treated with RXR agonists. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Allergan, Dept Biol, Retinoid Res, Irvine, CA 92693 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 3243 Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI 50863] NR 63 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 175 IS 12 BP 7916 EP 7929 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 994KJ UT WOS:000234030400018 PM 16339527 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Viscoelastic properties of ionic polymer composites reinforced by soy protein isolate SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE composites; elastomers; proteins; soy; viscoelastic properties ID CARBON-BLACK; LATEX FILMS; FRACTAL STRUCTURES; FILLED ELASTOMERS; RECOVERY KINETICS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; INTERFACES; SIZE AB Both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of ionic polymer composites reinforced by soy protein isolate (SPI) were studied. Viscoelastic properties were related to the aggregate structure of fillers. The aggregate structure of SPI is consisted of submicron size of globule protein particles that form an open aggregate structure. SPI and carbon black (CB) aggregates characterized by scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer indicate that CB aggregates have a smaller primary particle and aggregate size than SPI aggregates, but the SPI composites have a slightly greater elastic modulus in the linear viscoelastic region than the CB composites. The composite containing 3-40 wt % of SPI has a transition in the shear elastic modulus between 6 and 8 vol % filler, indicating a percolation threshold. CB composites also showed a modulus transition at < 6 vol %. The change of fractional free volume with filler concentration as estimated from WLF fit of frequency shift factor also supports the existence of a percolation threshold. Nonlinear viscoelastic properties of filler, matrix, and composites suggested that the filler-immobilized rubber network generated a G' maximum in the modulus-strain curves and the SPI formed a stronger filler network than the CB in these composites. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Dept Agr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Dept Agr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 24 BP 3503 EP 3518 DI 10.1002/polb.20608 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 989MP UT WOS:000233678400001 ER PT J AU French, AN Jacob, F Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Timmermans, W Gieske, A Su, Z Su, H McCabe, MF Li, F Prueger, J Brunsell, N AF French, AN Jacob, F Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Timmermans, W Gieske, A Su, Z Su, H McCabe, MF Li, F Prueger, J Brunsell, N TI Surface energy fluxes with the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) at the Iowa 2002 SMACEX site (USA) (vol 99, pg 55, 2005) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP French, AN (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 4331 E Braodway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM afrench@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Timmermans, Wim/D-3850-2009; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011; Su, Hongbo/C-9490-2009; Brunsell, Nathaniel/G-2904-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 99 IS 4 BP 471 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 998AY UT WOS:000234291500009 ER PT J AU Kimura, K Harp, JA Goff, JP Olsen, SC AF Kimura, K Harp, JA Goff, JP Olsen, SC TI Lymphocytes from one side of the bovine mammary gland migrate to the contra lateral gland and lymph node tissue SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; lvmphocyte migration; mammary gland; mastitis ID MEDIATED IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INTERFERON-GAMMA; SUBPOPULATIONS; SECRETIONS; MEMORY; ACTIVATION; LACTATION; MASTITIS AB The four quarters of bovine mammary glands are completely separated and two quarters on each side (right or left) are connected to ipsi lateral supra mammary lymph nodes. It is not clear whether cells infused into the cistern of the mammary gland are capable of migrating to lymph nodes or the general circulation. To examine cell migration, a prescapular lymph node was removed from each of two lactating and three non-lactating dairy cows, and isolated lymphocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342. Autologous stained cells were infused into the mammary gland and then activated by intramammary infusion of zymosan-stimulated serum (source of C5a). After 17 h, Escherichia coli J5 bacterin was infused into the contra lateral mammary gland to mimic infection. After 43 h cows were euthanized and tissue samples (mammary quarters, right and left supra mammary, mesenteric, ileocecal and prescapular lymph nodes, liver and spleen) were collected for microscopic examination as well as flow cytometric analysis. Hoechst stained cells were detected not only in infused quarters, but also in contra lateral quarters as well as in both supra mammary lymph nodes. This indicates that cells infused into the mammary gland migrate to contra lateral tissues and supra mammary lymph nodes. C1 USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kimura, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kkimura@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2005 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.05.014 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 982HO UT WOS:000233148900015 PM 16111770 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Lee, X Baker, JM Sargent, SD King, JY AF Griffis, TJ Lee, X Baker, JM Sargent, SD King, JY TI Feasibility of quantifying ecosystem-atmosphere (COO)-O-18-O-16 exchange using laser spectroscopy and the flux-gradient method SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotopes; carbon dioxide; water vapor; tunable diode laser (TDL); ecosystem discrimination; flux partitioning ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE CONTENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BOREAL FOREST; CO2 EXCHANGE; RESPIRED CO2; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; WATER-VAPOR AB Stable isotopes of carbon dioxide (CO,) can be used as natural tracers to better understand carbon cycle processes and exchange pathways between the biosphere and atmosphere. In this study, we used a tunable diode laser (TDL) technique for continuous fast measurement of the stable isotopomers (COO)-O-18-O-16 and (CO)-O-16, and their ratio, Sa. The TDL system was configured to measure mixing ratios of [(CO2)-O-16] and [(COO)-O-18-O-16] at wavenumber frequencies of 2308.225 and 2308.416 cm(-1), respectively. Two-minute precision (I standard deviation) was 0.0004, 0.09 mu mol mol(-1), and 0.26 parts per thousand for [(COO)-O-18-O-16], [(CO)-O-16] and S., respectively. Comparison of TDL and mass spectrometry flask measurements showed relatively good agreement (r(2) = 0.94) with a standard deviation of 0.55 parts per thousand for the residual values. Estimates of the isotope signature of ecosystem flux components over a soybean (Glycine max) field were examined. These data represent one of the first continuous flux measurements of (COO)-O-18-O-16. The isotope signature of net ecosystem CO2 exchange at night ranged from -15 to -7 parts per thousand and during the daytime from -40 to -20 parts per thousand. A simple estimate of canopy-scale photosynthetic discrimination showed significant diurnal variation and averaged 10.5 parts per thousand ( +/- 8.8 parts per thousand). The large difference between the isotope signature of respiration and midday canopy photosynthesis represented significant isotopic disequilibrium. Coupled with recent advances in measuring water vapor isotopomers with the TDL technique, a new opportunity is emerging to better understand the dynamics, complex interactions, and discrimination mechanisms controlling land-atmosphere (COO)-O-18-O-16 exchange. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Twin Cities,Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 NR 60 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 44 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.10.002 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 021WY UT WOS:000236017800004 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC Hoheisel, GA Pena, JEP AF Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC Hoheisel, GA Pena, JEP TI Asymmetrical canopy architecture due to prevailing wind direction and row orientation creates an imbalance in irradiance at the fruiting zone of grapevines SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; vineyard; shoot azimuth; shoot angle; thigmomorphogenesis; solar radiation; growth ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MECHANICAL STIMULATION; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; RADIATION REGIME; VINEYARD; THIGMOMORPHOGENESIS; TEMPERATURE; LEAF; MICROCLIMATE; SUNLIGHT AB Much effort is invested in trellising and training grapevines to maximize radiation interception by the canopy and to manage the radiation environment of the fruit clusters. Slope permitting, conventional wisdom among winegrape growers prompts many to adhere to north-south row orientations to balance between the two sides of the canopy both photosynthetic efficiency and the exposure of fruiting zones to solar radiation. In windy sites, thigmomorphogenesis in annually renewed shoots can reshape a bilaterally balanced canopy. We measured irradiance at the fruiting zone and shoot geometry in two contiguous vineyards differing only in row orientation. The prevailing west-southwest winds were roughly parallel to the rows of one vineyard and at an oblique angle to the rows of the second vineyard. Mean wind velocity in the prevailing direction was 3.3 m s(-1) during the growing season. Shoots were grouped into four classes based on row orientation and shoot azimuth from the cordon. Windward shoots were significantly shorter (26-29%) than all other classes of shoots because of fewer nodes per shoot. Mean intemode length per shoot (,: 5 cm) did not vary between shoot classes and was not related to row orientation. Regardless of row orientation or initial shoot azimuth, shoot tips tended to be displaced eastward (leeward). In rows oriented roughly parallel to the prevailing wind, shoots exhibited distinct down-row streamlining and vines had a bilaterally uniform canopy about the cordon. In rows at an oblique angle to the prevailing wind the vines did not form a uniform canopy about the cordon. Both row orientations resulted in similar differences between sides of the canopy in total irradiance at the fruiting zone (+5.4 MJ m(-2) d(-1) on the west side of rows oriented at an oblique angle to the wind; +6.0 MJ m(-2) d(-1) on the south side of rows oriented parallel to the wind); however, the timing of peak intensity on the side receiving higher irradiance differed by row orientation (11.9 LST at south-facing fruit; 13.7 LST at west-facing fruit). Wind-induced canopy asymmetry could result in unequal berry ripening in areas of high irradiance where peak insolation of the berries coincides with the highest temperatures of the day. Results indicate that in consistently windy cations, growers should establish row orientation based both on sun-earth geometry for maximizing radiation interception by the canopy, and on the consequences of radiation distribution at the fruiting zone due to wind-induced canopy asymmetry. In established vineyards, growers could compensate for non-uniform canopy architecture to some extent with modifications to the trellis system and standard training practices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. INTA, RA-5507 Mendoza, Argentina. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jtarara@wsu.edu NR 38 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.11.011 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 021WY UT WOS:000236017800013 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, XC TI Spatial downscaling of global climate model output for site-speciftc assessment of crop production and soil erosion SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change impact assessment; spatial downscaling; weather generator ID STOCHASTIC WEATHER GENERATOR; WHEAT PRODUCTION; CHANGE SCENARIOS; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; FORECASTS; VARIABLES; IMPACTS AB Spatial and temporal mismatches between coarse resolution projections of global climate models (GCMs) and fine resolution data requirements of ecosystems models are the major obstacles for assessing the site-specific climatic impacts of climate change on natural resources and ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop a simple method for statistically downscaling GCM monthly output at the native GCM grid scale to station-scale using transfer functions, and (ii) further demonstrate the site-specific impact assessment of climate change on water resources, soil erosion, and crop production at Kingfisher, OK, US using the water erosion prediction project (WEPP) model. Monthly precipitation and temperature projected by the UK Hadley Centre's Climate Model (HadCW3) under the GGa emissions scenario were downloaded for the periods of 1900-1999 and 2070-2099 for the grid box containing the target station. Univariate transfer functions were derived by calibrating probability distributions of GCM-projected monthly precipitation and temperature to match those of local climatology for the 1950-1999 period. Derived functions, which were tested for 1900-1949, were used to spatially downscale the HadCM3 monthly projections of 2070-2099 to the target station. Downscaled monthly data were further disaggregated to daily weather series using a stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN) for driving the. WEPP model. Disaggregated daily series preserve the monthly means and variances of precipitation and temperature of the downscaled HadCM3 output. Simulated annual runoff under the changed climate, compared with the present climate, increased by 40-48% despite the projected 5% decrease in precipitation. Simulated plant transpiration, soil evaporation, and long-term soil water reserve decreased by 5, 16.5, and 5.5%, respectively. Simulated soil loss rates were increased by some 44% under conventional tillage and doubled under conservation tillage and no-till. Simulated wheat yield increased by approximately 14% in all three tillage systems. The overall results show that the proposed downscaling technique is simple and sound, which provides an effective alternative for assessing the site-specific impacts of climate change on soil erosion and crop production. Nevertheless, the technique suffers from the same shortcomings as all other statistical downscaling methods, as it largely relies upon the accuracy of GCM projections as well as the applicability of transfer functions to future climate. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.11.016 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 021WY UT WOS:000236017800019 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Creemer, LC Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ AF Beier, RC Creemer, LC Ziprin, RL Nisbet, DJ TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the antibiotic tilmicosin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; ELISA; immunoassay; Mabs; macrolicle antibiotics; monoclonal antibodies; tilmicosin; tylosin ID CALVES; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; EFFICACY; PORCINE; TYLOSIN; ASSAY AB Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were developed that specifically bind tilmicosin. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates were used for the immunogen and plate coating antigen, respectively. The conjugates were synthesized by different methods, resulting in different linkages. Six hybridoma cell lines were isolated that produced Mabs that competed with tilmicosin, and have IgG1 isotype. The Til-1 and Til-5 Mabs had IC50 values for tilmicosin of 9.6 and 6.4 ng/well (48 and 32 ng/mL), respectively, and limits of detection at IC20 Of 1.84 and 0.89 ng/well (9.2 and 4.45 ng/mL), respectively. The Mabs demonstrated high cross-reactivity to the macrolides containing 3,5-dimethylpiperidine at C20 and the amino sugar at C5. No cross-reactivity was observed for tylosin and other macrolides that did not contain 3,5-dimethylpiperidine. A competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the antibiotic tilmicosin by use of the developed Mabs. These Mabs may be excellent candidates for the determination and immunolocalization of tilmicosin. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Elanco Anim Hlth, Div A, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rcbeier@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 25 BP 9679 EP 9688 DI 10.1021/jf051987x PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 992NV UT WOS:000233891700006 PM 16332115 ER PT J AU Lee, S Warner, K Inglett, GE AF Lee, S Warner, K Inglett, GE TI Rheological properties and baking performance of new oat beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oat; beta-glucan; hydrocolloids; cookies; rheology; sensory evaluation ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MOLECULAR-SIZE; POLYSACCHARIDE; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; CAKES; SHEAR AB Two new oat beta-glucan hydrocollolds (designated C-trim20 and C-trim30) obtained through a thermalshearing process were evaluated for their potential use in food products as functional ingredients. Their rheological characteristics were investigated using steady and dynamic shear measurements. Both samples exhibited typical shear-thinning and viscoelastic properties of random coil polysaccharides. The Cross equation was also used to examine the dependence of their apparent viscosity on shear rates. Furthermore, the effects of flour replacement with C-trim20 on the physical, rheological, and sensory properties of cookies were studied. The cookies containing C-trim20 exhibited reduced spreading characteristics compared with the control due to their increased elastic properties. Also, higher water content and water activity were observed in the C-trim20 cookies. However, flour replacement with C-trim20 up to 10% produced cookies with instrumental texture properties similar those of the control, which was in good agreement with the sensory results. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Inglett@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 25 BP 9805 EP 9809 DI 10.1021/jf051368o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 992NV UT WOS:000233891700026 PM 16332135 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ DeLucia, EH Gielen, B Calfapietra, C Giardina, CP King, JS Ledford, J McCarthy, HR Moore, DJP Ceulemans, R De Angelis, P Finzi, AC Karnosky, DF Kubiske, ME Lukac, M Pregitzer, KS Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE Schlesinger, WH Oren, R AF Norby, RJ DeLucia, EH Gielen, B Calfapietra, C Giardina, CP King, JS Ledford, J McCarthy, HR Moore, DJP Ceulemans, R De Angelis, P Finzi, AC Karnosky, DF Kubiske, ME Lukac, M Pregitzer, KS Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE Schlesinger, WH Oren, R TI Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CO2 fertilization; global change; leaf area index; net primary productivity ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; POPLAR PLANTATION; LITTER PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; FACE EXPERIMENTS; TREMBLING ASPEN; ENRICHMENT FACE AB Climate change predictions derived from coupled carbon-climate models are highly dependent on assumptions about feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere. One critical feedback occurs if C uptake by the biosphere increases in response to the fossil-fuel driven increase in atmospheric [CO2] ("CO2 fertilization"), thereby slowing the rate of increase in atmospheric [CO2]. Carbon exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere are often first represented in models as net primary productivity (NPP). However, the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the future global C cycle has been uncertain, especially in forest ecosystems that dominate global NPP, and models that include a feedback between terrestrial blosphere metabolism and atmospheric [CO2] are poorly constrained by experimental evidence. We analyzed the response of NPP to elevated CO2 (approximate to 550 ppm) in four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest stands. We show that the response of forest NPP to elevated [CO2] is highly conserved across a broad range of productivity, with a stimulation at the median of 23 +/- 2%. At low leaf area indices, a large portion of the response was attributable to increased light absorption, but as leaf area indices increased, the response to elevated [CO2] was wholly caused by increased light-use efficiency. The surprising consistency of response across diverse sites provides a benchmark to evaluate predictions of ecosystem and global models and allows us now to focus on unresolved questions about carbon partitioning and retention, and spatial variation in NPP response caused by availability of other growth limiting resources. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Program EvolutIonary Biol & Ecol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wales, Sch Agr & Forest Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rjn@ornl.gov; schiesin@duke.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; De Angelis, Paolo/A-6863-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Lukac, Martin/A-4379-2013; Moore, David/A-6268-2013; Calfapietra, Carlo/E-2269-2015; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016 OI McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; De Angelis, Paolo/0000-0001-8310-8831; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Lukac, Martin/0000-0002-8535-6334; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; NR 43 TC 507 Z9 526 U1 12 U2 245 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 13 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 50 BP 18052 EP 18056 DI 10.1073/pnas.0509478102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 994DL UT WOS:000234010500032 PM 16330779 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Teng, Q Wicker, L AF Kim, Y Teng, Q Wicker, L TI Action pattern of Valencia orange PME de-esterification of high methoxyl pectin and characterization of modified pectins SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PME; modified pectin; charge and charge distribution; NMR; IEX; molecular weight; xi-potential ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INTERMOLECULAR DISTRIBUTION; ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE; INDUSTRIAL PECTINS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; METHYL ESTERASE; LIME PECTINS; JUICE AB Valencia pectinmethylesterase (PME) fractions, B-PME, containing 36 and 13 kDa protein bands and U-PME, containing a 36 and 27 kDa protein bands, were used to de-esterify original pectin (O-Pec) from 73% degree of esterification (%DE) to 63% (B-Pec) and 61% DE (U-Pec), respectively. Most O-Pec eluted from ion exchange chromatography at low salt concentration and a smaller component eluted at higher ionic strength. B-Pec and U-Pec eluted as one broad peak at higher ionic strength. PME modification did not change molecular weight: O-pectin (134,000 g/mol), U-Pec (133,850 g/mol), and B-Pec (132,250 g/mol). The NMR signal of GG and GGG increased after modification, whereas the signal of EE and EEE decreased. The negative zeta-potential increased with pH for all pectins. U-PME and B-PME created differently modified pectins that vary in degree and length of multiple attacks and fraction of the pectin population that was modified. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Food Qual Unit, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wicker, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Food Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lwicker@uga.edu NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 17 BP 2620 EP 2629 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.09.013 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 987GK UT WOS:000233506200006 PM 16216228 ER PT J AU Berghaus, RD Lombard, JE Gardner, IA Farver, TB AF Berghaus, RD Lombard, JE Gardner, IA Farver, TB TI Factor analysis of a Johne's disease risk assessment questionnaire with evaluation of factor scores and a subset of original questions as predictors of observed clinical paratuberculosis SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; questionnaire; risk assessment; factor analysis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; JIFFY; HERD AB Factor analysis was used to examine the interrelationships among 38 variables collected as part of a Johne's disease risk assessment questionnaire completed in 2002 on 815 U.S. dairy operations. Eleven factors were extracted, accounting for two-thirds of the variance encountered in the original variables. Responses to many of the risk assessment questions were closely related. Standardized scores on the I I factors were calculated for operations providing complete information, and were evaluated as predictors in a.model-based logistic regression analysis with the outcome being whether operations had observed one or more cows with clinical signs suggestive of paratuberculosis during the previous year. A logistic regression model was also used to evaluate the predictive ability of a reduced subset of approximately one-third of the original variables that was selected to represent the derived factors. The performance of both sets of predictors was comparable with respect to goodness-of-fit and predictive ability. In conclusion, the length of the current risk assessment instrument couldbe reduced considerably without a substantial loss of information by removing or combining questions that are strongly correlated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Berghaus, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rdberghaus@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.07.011 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 993HL UT WOS:000233945100006 PM 16139906 ER PT J AU Curran, MP Miller, RE Howes, SW Maynard, DG Terry, TA Heninger, RL Niemann, T van Rees, K Powers, RF Schoenholtz, SH AF Curran, MP Miller, RE Howes, SW Maynard, DG Terry, TA Heninger, RL Niemann, T van Rees, K Powers, RF Schoenholtz, SH TI Progress towards more uniform assessment and reporting of soil disturbance for operations, research, and sustainability protocols SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE soil compaction; rutting; monitoring; adaptive management; criteria and indicators; Montreal Process ID GROWTH; COMPACTION AB International protocols, such as those of the Montreal Process (MP), specify desired outcomes without specifying the process and components required to attain those outcomes. We suggest that the process and its components are critical to achieve desired outcomes. We discuss recent progress in northwestern North America, on three topics that will facilitate development of and reporting in sustainability protocols: (1) common terms and comparable guidelines for soil disturbance, (2) cost-effective techniques for monitoring and assessing soil disturbance, and (3) improved methods to rate soils for risk of detrimental soil disturbance. Uniform terms for soil disturbance will facilitate reporting and exchange of information. Reliable monitoring techniques and tracking the consequences of soil disturbance for forest growth and hydrology are paramount for improving understanding and predictions of the practical consequences of forest practices. To track consequences, we urge creation of regional research and operations databases that can be used to: (1) address MP values, (2) define detrimental soil disturbances, (3) develop risk rating systems for operational application, and (4) improve best management practices (BMPs) and ameliorative treatments that avoid or correct detrimental disturbances. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kootenay Lake Forestry Ctr, BC Minist Forests, Forest Sci Program, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Weyerhaeuesr Co, Springfield, OR 97478 USA. Forest Practices Branch, BC Minist Forests, Victoria, BC V8W 9C2, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Curran, MP (reprint author), Kootenay Lake Forestry Ctr, BC Minist Forests, Forest Sci Program, 1907 Ridgewood Rd, Nelson, BC V1L 6K1, Canada. EM mike.curran@gems5.gov.bc.ca NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.002 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300002 ER PT J AU Powers, RF Scott, DA Sanchez, FG Voldseth, RA Page-Dumroese, D Elioff, JD Stone, DM AF Powers, RF Scott, DA Sanchez, FG Voldseth, RA Page-Dumroese, D Elioff, JD Stone, DM TI The North American long-term soil productivity experiment: Findings from the first decade of research SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE LTSP; soil compaction; harvesting impacts; sustained productivity; biomass; carbon ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY; RADIATA PINE; NEW-ZEALAND; FOREST; COMPACTION; GROWTH; NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION; DISTURBANCE AB First decade findings on the impacts of organic matter removal and soil compaction are reported for the 26 oldest installations in the nation-wide network of long-term soil productivity sites. Complete removal of surface organic matter led to declines in soil C concentration to 20 cm depth and to reduced nutrient availability. The effect is attributed mainly to the loss of the forest floor. Soil C storage seemed undiminished, but could be explained by bulk density changes following disturbance and to decomposition inputs of organic C from roots remaining from the harvested forest. Biomass removal during harvesting had no influence on forest growth through 10 years. Soil compaction effects depended upon initial bulk density. Soils with densities greater than 1.4 Mg m(-3) resisted compaction. Density recovery was slow, particularly on soils with frigid temperature regimes. Forest productivity response to soil compaction depended both on soil texture and the degree of understory competition. Production declined on compacted clay soils, increased on sands, and generally was unaffected if an understory was absent. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Inst, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Powers, RF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkway, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM rpowers@c-zone.net OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 62 TC 157 Z9 169 U1 7 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.003 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300003 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Logsdon, SD Van Brahana, J Murdoch, JF AF Sauer, TJ Logsdon, SD Van Brahana, J Murdoch, JF TI Variation in infiltration with landscape position: Implications for forest productivity and surface water quality SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE infiltration; landscape position; soil properties ID SWINE LAGOON EFFLUENT; VARIABLE SOURCE AREAS; POULTRY LITTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; STORM RUNOFF; SOIL; SIMULATION; PASTURE; GENERATION; PATTERNS AB Variation of infiltration rates with landscape position influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. Knowledge of runoff patterns gives land managers the opportunity to affect changes that optimize water use efficiency and reduce the risk of water quality impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of landscape position and associated soil properties on infiltration in a small (147 ha) forest/pasture watershed in the Ozark Highlands. Three previously reported studies measured infiltration rates using double ring, sprinkling, single ring, and tension infiltrometers on soils at varying landscape positions. Although large variation in infiltration rates was observed among measurement techniques, upland and side slope soils (Nixa and Clarksville) had consistently lower infiltration rates compared to the soil in the valley bottom (Razort). A conceptual understanding of watershed runoff is developed from these data that includes infiltration excess runoff from the Nixa and Clarksville soils and saturation excess runoff on the Razort soil. Management of the soil water regime based on this understanding would focus on increasing infiltration in upland soils and maintaining the Razort soil areas in forest. Forest productivity would be enhanced by increasing plant-available water in upland soils and decreasing flooding on the Razort soil. Surface water quality would be improved by reducing the transport of potential water contaminants from animal manure applied to upland pastures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.009 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300009 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Murphy, JF Susfalk, RB Caldwell, TG Miller, WW Walker, RF Powers, RF AF Johnson, DW Murphy, JF Susfalk, RB Caldwell, TG Miller, WW Walker, RF Powers, RF TI The effects of wildfire, salvage logging, and post-fire N-fixation on the nutrient budgets of a Sierran forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE wildfire; carbon; nitrogen; salvage logging; volatilization; N-fixation; nutrients ID NITROGEN ACCRETION; FIRE; CHEMISTRY; CEANOTHUS; PINE; AVAILABILITY; CALIFORNIA; STREAMS; LOSSES; NEVADA AB The effects of fire, post-fire salvage logging, and revegetation on nutrient budgets were estimated for a site in the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains that burned in a wildfire in 1981. Approximately two decades after the fire, the shrub (former fire) ecosystem contained less C and more N than the adjacent forest ecosystem. Reconstruction of pre-fire nutrient budgets suggested that most C was exported in biomass during salvage logging and will not be recovered until forest vegetation occupies the site again. Salvage logging may have resulted in longer-term C sequestration in wood products than would have occurred had the logs been left in the field to decay, however. Reconstructed budgets suggested that most N was lost via volatilization during the fire rather than in post-fire salvage logging (assuming that foliage and 0 horizons were cornbusted). Comparisons of the pre-fire and present day N budgets also suggested that the lost N was rapidly replenished in 0 horizons and mineral soils, probably due to N-fixation by snowbush (Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.), the dominant shrub on the former fire site. There were no significant differences in ecosystem P, K, or S contents and no consistent, significant differences in soil extractable P or S between the shrub and forested plots. Exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were consistently and significantly greater in shrub than in adjacent forested soils, however, and the differences were much larger than could be accounted for by estimated ash inputs. In the case of Ca, even the combustion of all aboveground organic matter could not account for more than a fraction of the difference in exchangeable pools. We speculate that the apparent large increased in soil and ecosystem Ca content resulted from either the release of Ca from non-exchangeable forms in the soil or the rapid uptake and recycling of Ca by post-fire vegetation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.011 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300012 ER PT J AU Homann, PS Harmon, M Remillard, S Smithwick, EAH AF Homann, PS Harmon, M Remillard, S Smithwick, EAH TI What the soil reveals: Potential total ecosystem C stores of the Pacific Northwest region, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE C sequestration; total ecosystem C; soil organic C; old-growth forest; Pacific Northwest ID DOUGLAS-FIR; ORGANIC-CARBON; FOREST-ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN OREGON; STORAGE; UREA; WASHINGTON; NITROGEN; DIOXIDE; BIOMASS AB How much organic C can a region naturally store in its ecosystems? How can this be determined, when land management has altered the vegetation of the landscape substantially? The answers may lie in the soil: this study synthesized the spatial distribution of soil properties derived from the state soils geographic database with empirical measurements of old-growth forest ecosystem C to yield a regional distribution of potential maximum total-ecosystem organic C stores. The region under consideration is 179,000 square kilometers extending from the southern Oregon border to the northern Washington border, and from the Pacific Ocean to the east side of the Cascade Mountains. Total ecosystem organic C (TEC) was measured in 16 diverse old-growth forests encompassing 35 stands and 79 pedons to a depth of 100 cm. The TEC ranged between 185 and 1200 Mg C ha(-1). On an average, 63% of TEC was in the vegetation, 13% in woody detritus, 3% in the forest floor, 7% in the 0-20 cm mineral soil, and 13% in 20-100 cm mineral soil. The TEC was strongly related to soil organic C (SOC) in the 0-20 cm mineral soil, yielding a monotonically increasing, curvilinear relation. To apply this relation to estimate the TEC distribution throughout the region, 211 map units of the state soils geographic database (STATSGO) were used. The SOC in the 0-20 cm mineral soil of the map units was consistent with values from previously measured pedons distributed throughout the region. Resampling of 13 second-growth forests 25 years after initial sampling indicated no regional change in mineral SOC, and supported the use of a static state soils map. The SOC spatial distribution combined with the quantitative old-growth TEC-SOC relation yielded an estimate of potential TEC storage throughout the region under the hypothetical condition of old-growth forest coverage. The area-weighted TEC was 760 Mg C ha(-1). This is similar to 100 Mg C ha(-1) more than a previous estimate based on a coarser resolution of six physiographic provinces, and similar to 400 Mg C ha(-1) more than current regional stores. The map of potential TEC may be useful in forecasting regional C dynamics and in land-management decisions related to C sequestration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Homann, PS (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM homann@cc.wwu.edu OI Smithwick, Erica/0000-0003-3497-2011 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 270 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.035 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300019 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Reynolds, BC Crossley, DA Swank, WT AF Knoepp, JD Reynolds, BC Crossley, DA Swank, WT TI Long-term changes in forest floor processes in southern Appalachian forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th North American Forest Soils Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL Saulte St Marie, CANADA DE long-term changes; litter decomposition; decay rates; nutrient release; microarthropods ID NORTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; PINE NEEDLE LITTER; WESTERN RED CEDAR; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSITION RATES; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOLIAR LITTER; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Soil nutrient concentrations decreased in an aggrading southern Appalachian forest over a 20-year period. Construction of nutrient budgets showed significant nutrient sequestration aboveground including increased forest floor mass. We hypothesized that the changes in forest floor mass resulted from decreased litter decomposition rates because of decreased litter quality. In 1992 and 1993, we repeated a litter decomposition experiment conducted in 1969 and 1970 to test this hypothesis. In addition, we examined microarthropod populations and functional groups as litter decomposed. For four of the five species tested, first-year decomposition rates were about the same in both experiments. Initial litter nutrient concentrations of P were lower in all tree species in the most recent sampling. N, Ca, and Mg concentrations also declined in some species. These declines often resulted in decreased nutrient release rates during decomposition. Microarthropod populations differed significantly among litter species, as well as between years (probably resulting from differences in growing-season rainfall). For some litter species we found significant relationships between microarthropod populations and nutrient concentration (primarily C and N); however, most r(2)-values were low. Data suggest that changes in forest floor mass probably resulted from decreased litter quality and that those changes may have an effect on microarthropod populations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn,3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jknoepp@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.019 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 985GM UT WOS:000233365300021 ER PT J AU Cameira, MR Fernando, RM Ahuja, L Pereira, L AF Cameira, MR Fernando, RM Ahuja, L Pereira, L TI Simulating the fate of water in field soil-crop environment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RZWQM; model calibration; model validation; soil hydraulic properties; crop evapotranspiration; crop growth ID QUALITY MODEL; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; SPARSE CROPS; CONDUCTIVITY; MOVEMENT; PORTUGAL; MAIZE; RZWQM; NO3-N; PLANT AB This paper presents an evaluation of the Root Zone Water Quality Model(RZWQM) for assessing the fate of water in the soil-crop environment at the field scale under the particular conditions of a Mediterranean region. The RZWQM model is a one-dimensional dual porosity model that allows flow in macropores. It integrates the physical, biological and chemical processes occurring in the root zone, allowing the simulation of a wide spectrum of agricultural management practices. This study involved the evaluation of the soil, hydrologic and crop development sub-models within the RZWQM for two distinct agricultural systems, one consisting of a grain corn planted in a silty loam soil, irrigated by level basins and the other a forage corn planted in a sandy soil, irrigated by sprinklers. Evaluation was performed at two distinct levels. At the first level the model capability to fit the measured data was analyzed (calibration). At the second level the model's capability to extrapolate and predict the system behavior for conditions different than those used when fitting the model was assessed (validation). In a subsequent paper the same type of evaluation is presented for the nitrogen transformation and transport model. At the first level a change in the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) formulation was introduced, based upon the definition of the effective leaf area, resulting in a 51% decrease in the root mean square error of the ETc simulations. As a result the simulation of the root water uptake was greatly improved. A new bottom boundary condition was implemented to account for the presence of a shallow water table. This improved the simulation of the water table depths and consequently the soil water evolution within the root zone. The soil hydraulic parameters and the crop variety specific parameters were calibrated in order to minimize the simulation errors of soil water and crop development. At the second level crop yield was predicted with an error of 1.1 and 2.8% for grain and forage corn, respectively. Soil water was predicted with an efficiency ranging from 50 to 95% for the silty loam soil and between 56 and 72% for the sandy soil. The purposed calibration procedure allowed the model to predict crop development, yield and the water balance terms, with accuracy that is acceptable in practical applications for complex and spatially variable field conditions. An iterative method was required to account for the strong interaction between the different model components, based upon detailed experimental data on soils and crops. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Dept Agr Engn, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. USDA, ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Dept Agr Engn, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal. EM roscameira@isa.utl.pt RI Fernando, Rui/F-9204-2010; Cameira, Maria/F-8982-2010; Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Cameira, Maria/0000-0002-2186-5172; Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 315 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.020 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 993UP UT WOS:000233981000001 ER PT J AU Garen, DC Marks, D AF Garen, DC Marks, D TI Spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt modelling in a mountainous river basin: estimation of meteorological inputs and verification of model results SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial interpolation; meteorological variables; snowmelt; energy balance; spatially distributed hydrologic modelling ID DAILY AIR TEMPERATURES; RAIN-ON-SNOW; INTERPOLATING MAXIMUM; ALPINE CATCHMENT; SOLAR-RADIATION; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; BOREAL FOREST; TERRAIN; COVER; PRECIPITATION AB A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model has been applied to a 2150 km(2) drainage basin in the Boise River, ID, USA, to simulate the accumulation and melt of the snowpack for the years 1998-2000. The simulation was run at a 3 h time step and a spatial resolution of 250 m. Spatial field time series of meteorological input data were obtained using various spatial interpolation and simulation methods. The variables include precipitation, air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and solar and thermal radiation. The goal was to use readily available data and relatively straightforward, yet physically meaningful, methods to develop the spatial fields. With these meteorological fields as input, the simulated fields of snow water equivalent, snow depth, and snow covered area reproduce observations very well. The simulated snowmelt fields are also used as input to a spatially distributed hydrologic model to estimate streamflow. This gives an additional verification of the snowmelt modelling results as well as provides a linkage of the two models to generate hydrographs for water management information. This project is a demonstration of spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt modelling in a large mountainous catchment using data from existing meteorological networks. This capability then suggests the potential for developing new spatial hydrologic informational products and the possibility of improving the accuracy of the prediction of hydrologic processes for water and natural resources management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Garen, DC (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd,Suite 802, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM david.garen@usda.gov NR 49 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 10 PY 2005 VL 315 IS 1-4 BP 126 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.026 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 993UP UT WOS:000233981000008 ER PT J AU Lamb, D Erskine, PD Parrotta, JA AF Lamb, D Erskine, PD Parrotta, JA TI Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID COSTA-RICA; ABANDONED PASTURES; BIODIVERSITY; PLANTATIONS; CONSERVATION; REGENERATION; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; AMAZONIA; ECOLOGY AB The current scale of deforestation in tropical regions and the large areas of degraded lands now present underscore the urgent need,for interventions to restore biodiversity, ecological functioning, and the supply of goods and ecological services previously used by poor rural communities. Traditional timber plantations have supplied some goods but have made only minor contributions to fulfilling most of these other objectives. New approaches to reforestation are now emerging, with potential for both overcoming forest degradation and addressing rural poverty. C1 Univ Queensland, Rainforest Cooperat Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. US Forest Serv, Res & Dev, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Lamb, D (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Rainforest Cooperat Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM d.lamb@uq.edu.au RI Minerals Institute, Sustainable/F-8043-2010 NR 30 TC 474 Z9 517 U1 43 U2 313 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 9 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5754 BP 1628 EP 1632 DI 10.1126/science.1111773 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 993NV UT WOS:000233961700032 PM 16339437 ER PT J AU Schoene, NW Kelly, MA Polansky, MM Anderson, RA AF Schoene, NW Kelly, MA Polansky, MM Anderson, RA TI Water-soluble polymeric polyphenols from cinnamon inhibit proliferation and alter cell cycle distribution patterns of hematologic tumor cell lines SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; G2/M phase; Jurkat; U937; phosphatase; cinnamon; polyphenols; cancer ID PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; INSULIN; KINASE; VANADATE; CANCER; TEA AB To explore possible anti-cancer properties of water-soluble, polymeric polyphenols from cinnamon, three myeloid cell lines (Jurkat, Wurzburg, and U937) were exposed to increasing concentrations of an aqueous extract prepared from cinnamon (CE) for 24 h. Cell growth and cell cycle distribution patterns responded in a dose-dependent manner to CE. That is, an increase in the percentage of cells distributed in G2/M was observed in all three cell lines as the amount of CE increased. At the highest dose of CE, the percentage of Wurzburg cells in G2/M was 1.5- and 2.0-fold higher than those observed for Jurkat and U937 cells, respectively. Wurzburg cells lack the CD45 phosphatase and may be more sensitive to imbalances in signaling through kinase/phosphatase networks that promote growth. The results suggest the potential of CE to interact with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signaling activities to reduce cellular proliferation in tandem with a block at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schoene, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307C,Rm 227,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM schoenen@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2005 VL 230 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.039 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 985OP UT WOS:000233387900015 PM 16253769 ER PT J AU Sankaran, M Hanan, NP Scholes, RJ Ratnam, J Augustine, DJ Cade, BS Gignoux, J Higgins, SI Le Roux, X Ludwig, F Ardo, J Banyikwa, F Bronn, A Bucini, G Caylor, KK Coughenour, MB Diouf, A Ekaya, W Feral, CJ February, EC Frost, PGH Hiernaux, P Hrabar, H Metzger, KL Prins, HHT Ringrose, S Sea, W Tews, J Worden, J Zambatis, N AF Sankaran, M Hanan, NP Scholes, RJ Ratnam, J Augustine, DJ Cade, BS Gignoux, J Higgins, SI Le Roux, X Ludwig, F Ardo, J Banyikwa, F Bronn, A Bucini, G Caylor, KK Coughenour, MB Diouf, A Ekaya, W Feral, CJ February, EC Frost, PGH Hiernaux, P Hrabar, H Metzger, KL Prins, HHT Ringrose, S Sea, W Tews, J Worden, J Zambatis, N TI Determinants of woody cover in African savannas SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TREE-GRASS COEXISTENCE; QUANTILE REGRESSION; FIRE; VEGETATION; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody cover is a chief determinant of ecosystem properties(1-3). The availability of resources ( water, nutrients) and disturbance regimes ( fire, herbivory) are thought to be important in regulating woody cover(1,2,4,5), but perceptions differ on which of these are the primary drivers of savanna structure. Here we show, using data from 854 sites across Africa, that maximum woody cover in savannas receiving a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of less than similar to 650 mm is constrained by, and increases linearly with, MAP. These arid and semi-arid savannas may be considered 'stable' systems in which water constrains woody cover and permits grasses to coexist, while fire, herbivory and soil properties interact to reduce woody cover below the MAP-controlled upper bound. Above a MAP of similar to 650 mm, savannas are 'unstable' systems in which MAP is sufficient for woody canopy closure, and disturbances ( fire, herbivory) are required for the coexistence of trees and grass. These results provide insights into the nature of African savannas and suggest that future changes in precipitation(6) may considerably affect their distribution and dynamics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CSIR, Div Forest Sci & Technol, ZA-001 Pretoria, South Africa. Forest Serv, USDA, Commanche Natl Grassland, Springfield, CO 81073 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol,Ecole Normale Super, F-75230 Paris, France. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Sekt Okosyst Anal, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557,Microbial Ecol Lab, USC INRA 1193, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CSIRO Plant Ind, CSIRO Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Bot, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Port Elizabeth Technikon, Dept Agr & Game Management, ZA-6000 Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ctr Suivi Ecol, Dakar, Senegal. Univ Nairobi, Dept Range Management, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Zimbabwe, Inst Environm Studies, Harare, Zimbabwe. CESBIO, F-31401 Toulouse, France. Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-002 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Res Ctr, Maun, Botswana. Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Kruger Natl Pk, Sci Serv, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. RP Sankaran, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mahesh@nrel.colostate.edu RI Caylor, Kelly/B-7734-2008; Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Augustine, David/H-6167-2011; Higgins, Steven/A-5138-2012; Ludwig, Fulco/N-7732-2013; Noojipady, Praveen/B-2511-2010; OI Caylor, Kelly/0000-0002-6466-6448; Higgins, Steven/0000-0001-5695-9665; Sea, William/0000-0001-6631-6735; Ardo, Jonas/0000-0002-9318-0973; Scholes, Robert/0000-0001-5537-6935; Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306 NR 30 TC 679 Z9 699 U1 79 U2 322 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 8 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7069 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1038/nature04070 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990XX UT WOS:000233777800049 PM 16341012 ER PT J AU Nearing, MA Kimoto, A Nichols, MH Ritchie, JC AF Nearing, MA Kimoto, A Nichols, MH Ritchie, JC TI Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition in two small, semiarid watersheds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA Rumanian DT Article ID ROCK-FRAGMENT COVER; VEGETATION; ARIZONA; RUNOFF; RATES; FLOW; HILLSLOPE; SEDIMENT; NEVADA AB [1] This work investigates spatial patterns of hillslope erosion and sediment yields in a semiarid ecosystem considering influences of vegetation, slope, rocks, and landscape morphology. The Cs-137 inventories were measured on one shrub and one grassed watershed in southeastern Arizona. Calculated mean erosion rates in eroding areas were 5.6 and 3.2 t ha(-1) yr(-1), and net erosion rates for the entire watershed, including depositional areas, were 4.3 and nearly 0 t ha(-1) yr(-1) for the shrub and grass watersheds, respectively, over the past four decades. Differences in hillslope erosion rates between the two watersheds were apparently due to vegetation: while on the shrub site, runoff pathways were unobstructed, on the grass site, runoff was obstructed by vegetation patches and litter. Hillslope erosion rates within the watersheds were not correlated to slope gradient or curvature but were correlated to rocks in the upper soil profile. These results are interpretable in terms of slope-velocity equilibrium wherein overland flow velocities became independent of slope gradient because of differential rock cover, which evolved as a result of preferential erosion of fine material on the steeper slopes prior to Cs-137 deposition. Watershed morphology and channel incision controlled sediment yield. Most of the eroded soil was deposited in swales of the grassed watershed. Most of the soil eroded in the shrub watershed was exported from the watershed outlet by way of a well-incised channel system. The study shows that measurement of sediment yield from a watershed can be a poor indicator of erosion taking place within the watershed. C1 ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mnearing@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 110 IS F4 AR F04020 DI 10.1029/2005JF000290 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 997LZ UT WOS:000234248300001 ER PT J AU Gao, X LaValley, MP Tucker, KL AF Gao, X LaValley, MP Tucker, KL TI Prospective studies of dairy product and calcium intakes and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; META-REGRESSION; OVARIAN-CANCER; HEART-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MILK CONSUMPTION; ANIMAL PRODUCTS; DIET AB Background. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 recommends that Americans increase their intake of dairy products. However, some studies have reported that increasing dairy product intake is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine associations between intakes of calcium and dairy products and the risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We searched Medline for prospective studies published in English-language journals from 1966 through May 2005. We identified 12 publications that used total, advanced, or fatal prostate cancer as end points and reported associations as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cls) by category of dairy product or calcium intake. Data were extracted using standardized data forms. Random-effects models were used to pool study results and to assess dose-response relationships between dairy product or calcium intakes and the risk of prostate cancer. We conducted sensitivity analyses by changing criteria for inclusion of studies or by using fixed-effects models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Men with the highest intake of dairy products (RR =1.11 [95% Cl 1.00 to 1.22], P =.047) and calcium (RR = 1.39 [95% Cl 1.09 to 1.77], P =.018) were more likely to develop prostate cancer than men with the lowest intake. Dose-response analyses suggested that dairy product and calcium intakes were each positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer (P-trend =.029 and.014, respectively). Sensitivity analyses generally supported these associations, although the statistical significance was attenuated. The pooled relative risks of advanced prostate cancer were 1.33 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.78; P =.055) for the highest versus lowest intake categories of dairy products and 1.46 (95% CI = 0.65 to 3.25; P>.2) for the highest versus lowest intake categories of calcium. Conclusions: High intake of dairy products and calcium may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, although the increase appears to be small. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; LaValley, Michael/0000-0002-8488-5170 NR 72 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 7 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 23 BP 1768 EP 1777 DI 10.1093/jnci/dji402 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 993AL UT WOS:000233925000012 PM 16333032 ER PT J AU Posada, FJ Vega, FE AF Posada, FJ Vega, FE TI A new method to evaluate the biocontrol potential of single spore isolates of fungal entomopathogens SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypothenemus hampei; coffee berry borer; broca; Beauveria; bioassays ID COFFEE BERRY BORER; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VIRULENCE AB Fifty Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) strains isolated from the coffee berry borer were used to develop a novel screening method aimed at selecting strains with the highest biocontrol potential. The screening method is based on percent insect mortality, average survival time, mortality distribution, percent spore germination, fungal life cycle duration, and spore production on the insect. Based on these parameters, only 11 strains merited further study. The use of a sound scientific protocol for the selection of promising fungal entomopathogens; should lead to more efficient use of time, labor, and financial resources in biological control programs. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD DEC 6 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 37 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 059AP UT WOS:000238706000001 PM 17119619 ER PT J AU Risatti, GR Holinka, LG Lu, Z Kutish, GF Tulman, ER French, RA Sur, JH Rock, DL Borca, MV AF Risatti, GR Holinka, LG Lu, Z Kutish, GF Tulman, ER French, RA Sur, JH Rock, DL Borca, MV TI Mutation of El glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus affects viral virulence in swine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CSFV; virulence; pathogenesis; attenuation; vaccine; protection; glycoproteins; transposon; mutagenesis ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; PROTEINS E-RNS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; HEPARAN-SULFATE; CHINESE STRAIN; INFECTIOUS RNA; CELL-CULTURE; IN-VIVO AB Transposon linker insertion mutagenesis of a full-length infectious clone (IC) (pBIC) of the pathogenic classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Brescia was used to identify genetic determinants of CSFV virulence and host range. Here, we characterize a virus mutant, RB-C22v, possessing a 19-residue insertion at the carboxyl terminus of El glycoprotein. Although RB-C22v exhibited normal growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures, the major target cell of CSFV in vivo, it was markedly attenuated in swine. All RB-C22v-infected pigs survived infection remaining clinically normal in contrast to the 100% mortality observed for BICv-infected animals. Comparative pathogenesis studies demonstrated a delay in RB-C22v spread to, and decreased replication in the tonsils, a 10(2) to 10(7) log(10) reduction in virus titers in lymphoid tissues and blood, and an overall delay in generalization of infection relative to BICv. Notably, RB-C22v-infected animals were protected from clinical disease when challenged with pathogenic BICv at 3, 5, 7, and 21 days post-RB-C22v inoculation. Viremia, viral replication in tissues, and oronasal shedding were reduced in animals challenged at 7 and 21 DPI. Notably BICv-specific RNA was not detected in tonsils of challenged animals. These results indicate that a carboxyl-terminal domain of El glycoprotein affects virulence of CSFV in swine, and they demonstrate that mutation of this domain provides the basis for a rationally designed and efficacious live-attenuated CSF vaccine. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM Guillermo.Risatti@uconn.edu; lbolinka@piadc.ars.usda.gov; zlu@piadc.ars.usda.gov; gkutish@asrr.arsusda.gov; edan.tulman@uconn.edu; RICHARD.FRENCH@uconn.edu; jsur@konkuk.ac.kr; dlrock@uiuc.edu; mborca@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 343 IS 1 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.015 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 993BE UT WOS:000233926900010 PM 16168455 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, B Kirimer, N Baser, KHC Bedir, E Khan, IA Wedge, DE AF Tabanca, N Demirci, B Kirimer, N Baser, KHC Bedir, E Khan, IA Wedge, DE TI Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of essential oils from Pimpinella aurea, Pimpinella corymbosa, Pimpinella peregrina and Pimpinella puberula gathered from Eastern and Southern Turkey SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Pimpinella aurea; Pimpinella corymbosa; Pimpinella peregrina; Pimpinella puberula; essential oils; GC; GC-MS; phenylpropanoids; sesquiterpenes; monoterpenes ID GENUS PIMPINELLA; CANARY-ISLANDS; AERIAL PARTS; CONSTITUENTS; IRAN; DC AB Essential oils from fruits, stems and leaves and roots of Pimpinella aurea DC., P. corymbosa Boiss., P. peregrina L. were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Fruits and aerial parts of P. puberula (DC.) Boiss were also evaluated. A total of 140 different compounds were identified, and significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the samples. In fact, the main constituents of each species were different and only the oils extracted from roots shared the same principal compound, epoxy pseudoisoeugenyl-2-methyl butyrate (26.8-42.8%). The other fractions were dominated by different sesquiterpene compounds although in three of them, P. aurea stem and leaves, P. puberula fruits and P. puberula stems and leaves, monoterpene constituents also appear as main ones. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Bioengn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Baser, KHC (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. EM khcbaser@anadolu.edu.tr RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Bedir, Erdal/0000-0003-1262-063X; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 2 PY 2005 VL 1097 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.047 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 989KL UT WOS:000233672400024 PM 16269150 ER PT J AU Menalled, FD Kohler, KA Buhler, DD Liebman, M AF Menalled, FD Kohler, KA Buhler, DD Liebman, M TI Effects of composted swine manure on weed seedbank SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE weed seedbank; composted swine manure; seed persistence; seedling emergence ID COMMON WATERHEMP; GIANT FOXTAIL; EMERGENCE; CORN; GERMINATION; TILLAGE; PERFORMANCE; VELVETLEAF; STRATEGIES; VIABILITY AB Deep-bedded hoop structures where pigs are raised on a thick layer of crop residues represent a promising swine production system that allows recycling of farm waste products. A field study was conducted to evaluate the impact of swine compost on weed seedbank abundance, seed persistence, and seedling emergence. Experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2001 in a chisel plow corn-soybean-winter wheat rotation. In the fall of 1998, and before compost application. weed seedbank abundance, species composition, and viability were characterized. Annual weed seed inputs attributed to compost were assessed between 1998 and 2000 and seedbanks were characterized again in the fall of 2001. Giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, common waterhemp, and Pennsylvania smartweed comprised 99.5 and 80.7% of seeds detected in the seedbank and compost, respectively. Between 1 +/- 1 and 169 +/- 48 weed seeds m(-2) of soil surface (mean +/- S.E.M.) were incorporated through compost amendments, the mean number of viable seeds in the compost being less than 8 seeds m(-2). Weed seed density in the seedbank ranged from 0 +/- 0 to 26,662 +/- 8683 seeds m(-2) to a depth of 10 cm. Compost did not modify seed abundance, but there was a species-specific response to year of study and crop sequence. Weed seed longevity and seedling emergence were not affected by compost, but more seeds were recovered with a higher viability in 2000 than in 2001. These results indicate that use of composted swine manure represents a small risk to directly increase weed seed abundance in the seedbank. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Menalled, FD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 720 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM menalled@montana.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.04.027 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978VX UT WOS:000232902200007 ER PT J AU Milchunas, DG Mosier, AR Morgan, JA LeCain, DR King, JY Nelson, JA AF Milchunas, DG Mosier, AR Morgan, JA LeCain, DR King, JY Nelson, JA TI Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: Forage quality versus quantity for ruminants SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE compensatory regrowth; digestibility; nitrogen fertilization; grassland; herbivory; lignin ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GRAZING HISTORY; FACE EXPERIMENT; WATER-RESOURCE; C-4 GRASSES; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB We assessed the effects of elevated atmospheric CO, on ruminant forage quality and nutrient yields during 4 years in semiarid shortgrass steppe where grazing by domestic livestock is the primary land-use. A defoliation and a nitrogen fertilization treatment were superimposed on CO2 treatments in large open-top chambers. CO2 effects on forage soluble and fiber (celluloses, lignin) constituents were small, even though mid-growing season yield and end of season production increased. However, large negative effects of elevated CO2 were evident in crude protein concentrations and digestibility of forages. While the effects were more negative mid-growing season than autumn, a reduction in already poor quality autumn forage may be more critical to animals. Crude protein concentrations of autumn forage on the elevated CO, treatment fell below critical maintenance requirements 3 out of 4 years, compared to 1 of 4 for ambient and control treatments. Forage digestibility declined 14% midseason and 10% in autumn with elevated CO2 Negative effects of elevated CO2 on animal performance mediated through forage quality are likely to be greater than the positive effects of increased quantity, because quality drops to critically low levels that can inhibit utilization. Further, elevated CO2 shifted the proportional availability of protein and energy to a species of lower overall quality and the species most negatively affected by drought. Current-year defoliation increased both quality and production of protein and energy compared to non-defoliated plots, but no CO2 by defoliation treatment interactions were observed. Nitrogen fertilization increased crude protein concentrations and digestibilities, but not in the least nutritious species that increased with elevated CO2 or in autumn when quality was lowest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrients Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Daniel.Milchunas@ColoState.edu RI King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-4 BP 166 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.014 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978VX UT WOS:000232902200016 ER PT J AU Goosey, HB Hatfield, PG Lenssen, AW Blodgett, SL Kott, RW AF Goosey, HB Hatfield, PG Lenssen, AW Blodgett, SL Kott, RW TI The potential role of sheep in dryland grain production systems SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sheep; soil bulk density; fallow; weeds; wheat stem sawfly ID STEM SAWFLY HYMENOPTERA; SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WHEAT; COMPACTION; CEPHIDAE; PARASITISM; MONTANA; LAMBS AB In dryland farming areas of Montana, annual precipitation is not sufficient for annual planting of cereal grains. Instead, a crop-summer fallow farming system is used to conserve soil moisture and increase available nitrogen for subsequent crop growth. Managing this summer fallow, either by mechanical means or with herbicides, is the highest variable cost associated with dryland grain production in Montana. Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is the most damaging insect pest to Montana's US$ 1 billion per year grain industry. Weed management is the largest variable cost associated with dryland grain production and summer fallow management. Six fields, located on four commercial Montana grain operations, were grazed by sheep and goats from October 2002 to May 2003 to determine the impact grazing has on C. cinctus populations, weed and volunteer cereal growth, soil compaction, and gravimetric water concentrations. Percent C. cinctus larval mortality and percent reduction of weed biomass was greater in grazed compared to non-grazed areas (P <= 0.01). No differences in soil bulk density or gravimetric water concentrations were found between treatments (P > 0. 11). Grazing fallow with sheep and goats appears to successfully improve C cinctus and weed management in grain production systems without impacting soil compaction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA, ARS, ASRU, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Goosey, HB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, 119 Linfield Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM hgoosey@montana.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-4 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.06.003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978VX UT WOS:000232902200029 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Schumann, CM AF Feldhake, CM Schumann, CM TI Tree establishment for a temperate agro-forest in central Appalachia, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE edge effects; PAR; protection; soil moisture ID GROWTH; ROTATION; OAK AB Small farms in Appalachia are economically challenged due to complex topography and soil constraints that limit productivity. Most farms have considerable acreage in forest, some of which is on the least productive sites, which contributes little income. The purpose of this study was to determine management and microclimate impacts on the establishment of an agro-forest for increasing the economic value of the forested land resource. A 1.2 ha forest clear-cut was planted with red oak (Quercus rubra) as the desired mature forest species alternated with rows of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), pawpaw (Asimina triloba), hazelnut (Corylus americana), and white pine (Pinus strobus) for generating income as the forest matures. Oak and chestnut required protection from deer. Oak had the lowest survival rate (61%) and chestnut had the highest survival rate (94%). While providing protection, Tubex plastic tubes also resulted in spindly tree growth. Plastic tubes did, however, improve pawpaw survival. Oak did best on well-drained locations. Chestnut and hazelnut were negatively impacted by forest edge more than oak or pawpaw. Overall there was a high degree of variability in tree growth suggesting that on low productivity sites, a planting density substantially higher than the desired final stand may be warranted to optimize the tree-vigor/micro-site match. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM charlie.feldhake@.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-0505-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 983OZ UT WOS:000233243300003 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Pote, H Ares, A AF Burner, DM Pote, H Ares, A TI Management effects on biomass and foliar nutritive value of Robinia pseudoacacia and Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis in Arkansas, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE black locust; crude protein; fertilization; in vitro digestibility; pollard; thornless honey locust ID BLACK LOCUST; HONEY LOCUST; WATER-STRESS; TREE; NITROGEN; GOATS AB The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha(-1), than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha(-1). Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (<= 170 and 534 g kg(-1), respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha(-1)), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dburner@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-0923-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 983OZ UT WOS:000233243300005 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Neel, JPS Belesky, DP Mathias, EL AF Feldhake, CM Neel, JPS Belesky, DP Mathias, EL TI Light measurement methods related to forage yield in a grazed northern conifer silvopasture in the Appalachian region of eastern USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forage yield; grazing; hemispherical photography; photosynthetically active radiation; shade ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; AGROFORESTRY; REGIMES; MICROCLIMATE; ENVIRONMENT; PASTURE; GRASSES AB The Appalachian region is characterized by hilly topography and a humid temperate climate. In most areas agriculture is limited to pasture although the native climax vegetation is a species-diverse forest. Silvopasture systems can help diversify and increase farm income. Information is needed on the yield response of forage grown as an understory crop among trees. The light environment of a conifer silvopasture was characterized by three methods, a hand-held photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) meter for quick measurements over a large area, fixed PAR meters recorded using data loggers for a large number of measurements over time, and hemispherical photography with software to calculate seasonal direct beam radiation. Light data were considered in terms of forage yield. Plots were harvested when forage reached 20-25 cm in height after which the entire area was grazed by sheep. There were limitations to all methods of quantifying radiation environment for predicting yield. Yield decreased linearly with decreased PAR; however, data variability was high and correlations, while statistically significant, were weak. Grazed silvopastures are dynamic with shifting yield patterns in response to the interactions between the spatially variable soil, changing seasonal environment, and spatially variable animal impacts for each grazing event. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM charlie.feldhake@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-1667-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 983OZ UT WOS:000233243300008 ER PT J AU Min, H Im, ES Seo, JS Mun, JA Burri, BJ AF Min, H Im, ES Seo, JS Mun, JA Burri, BJ TI Effects of chronic ethanol ingestion and folate deficiency on the activity of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in rat liver SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethanol; folate deficiency; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; homocysteine; rat ID ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS; BINDING-PROTEIN; HYDROLASE; DISEASE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; HOMOCYSTEINE; METABOLISM; TOXICITY AB Background: We recently observed that ethanol feeding impairs 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (10-FTHF) dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.6.) and 10-FTHF hydrolase activity in rats. In the present study, we explored the effects of folate deficiency or sufficiency combined with alcoholic intake on 10-FTHF and possible mechanisms by which chronic ethanol ingestion produces folate deficiency. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either folate-sufficient (FS) or folate-deficient (FD) diets; with or without ethanol (E) for four weeks. Hepatic 10-FTHF dehydrogenase and hydrolase activity, plasma folate and homocysteine were measured at baseline and after feeding experimental diets. Results: Liver weight increased slightly with either folate deficiency or ethanol consumption. In rats fed the folate-sufficient diet with ethanol (FSE), plasma folate was decreased slightly (p < 0.05) and plasma homocysteine elevated compared to rats fed the FS diet without ethanol. Ethanol did not affect plasma folate and plasma homocysteine in FD rats. Red-blood cell (RBC) folate was increased similarly in rats by ethanol feeding (FSE and FDE > FS and FD). Feeding folate deficient or ethanol (FSE, FD and FDE) diets depressed hepatic activities of 10-FTHF dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidative deformylation of 10-FTHF to tetrahydrofolate (THF) and carbon dioxide. Rats consuming the FDE diet bad the lowest enzyme activities of the experimental groups, implying that folate deficiency and ethanol consumption each affect enzyme activity. Conclusions: We confirm that ethanol decreases hepatic 10-FTHF dehydrogenase activity and show that this decrease occurs irrespective of folate status. This shows that modulation of 10-FTHF is one possible mechanism by which ethanol intake decreases folate status and affects one-carbon metabolism. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Hannam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Taejon, South Korea. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Seo, JS (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, 214-1 Dae Dong, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM jsseo@yu.ac.kr NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2188 EP 2193 DI 10.1097/01.alc.0000191756.02856.a8 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 999KV UT WOS:000234389100013 PM 16385189 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Jadczak, T AF Pettis, J. S. Jadczak, T. TI Detecting coumaphos resistance in Varroa mites SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUVALINATE RESISTANCE; JACOBSONI; DESTRUCTOR AB Beekeepers rely heavily upon chemical treatments to control the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. One of these products, CheckMite(+), was recently found to provide ineffective Varroa control in limited areas of the U. S. In the current study we tested mite populations in three states to further survey for resistance and to develop a field assay to detect coumaphos-resistant mites. We tested a single commercial beekeeping operation in Maine and compared the mites found in forty colonies using an ether roll method to the mites found on sticky boards after 24 hours of treatment with either Apistan or Checkmite(+) The addition of 2 or 4 new CheckMite(+) strips did not result in increased mite drop over twenty-four hours when compared to natural mite drop. In contrast, the addition of 2 Apistan strips resulted in a near 10-fold increase in mite numbers compared to natural mite drop. A field assay (modified from one used to detect fluvalinate resistance) using coumaphos, the active ingredient in Checkmite(+), was conducted on these colonies, and the mites on bees in Maine exhibited only 13% mortality on average, while mites in Beltsville, Maryland exhibited on average 93% mortality using the coumaphos field assay under similar conditions. Additional testing of the assay in two apiaries in Florida yielded mite mortality averages of 80% and 6.3%. The assay was shown to work well in a temperature range of 20-30 C and six hours was sufficient to yield consistent results. Additionally, the assay should be conducted with new strips as used strips were shown to be less reliable. We would encourage beekeepers and bee inspectors to use the assay periodically before mite treatments are applied to test for resistance to both Apistan and Checkmite(+) and thus insure an effective treatment is being applied. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Maine Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 145 IS 12 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 090SD UT WOS:000240970700018 ER PT J AU Taliercio, E Hendrix, B Stewart, JM AF Taliercio, E Hendrix, B Stewart, JM TI DNA content and expression of genes related to cell cycling in developing Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) fibers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cyclin B; fiber DNA content; flow cytometry; Gossypium hirsutum; minichromsomal maintenance protein; Naked Seed mutant; retinoblastoma protein ID RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED PROTEINS; ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; A-TYPE CYCLINS; COTTON FIBERS; REPLICATION; GROWTH; PLANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVISION AB The cell cycle in cotton (Gossypium hirsitum) fibers is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cell cycle status and DNA content in developing cotton fibers. The DNA content and cell cycle distribution in fiber and hypocotyl cells were determined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of minichrosomal maintenance protein (mcm), cyclin B, and a retinoblastoma-like protein (rb) genes were determined with real-time PCR in fibers and dividing and nondividing tissues. No endoreduplication occurred. nor did genome size or percentage of G1-phase nuclei differ between hypocotyls and fibers. Approximately 13 and 17% of fiber nuclei were in the S phase in 14 days after anthesis (d) fibers and 25 d fibers, respectively. The mcm and cyclin B were expressed at higher levels in fibers than in mature leaves, but expression levels in fibers were less than 15% of meristematic tissues. Rb was expressed in fibers at levels less than 50% of mature leaves or meristematic tissues. Based on an apparent increase in S-phase cells as fibers mature and the low level of expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression, we conclude that S-phase arrest occurs in developing cotton fiber. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Arkansas, CSES Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Taliercio, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ETaliercio@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1942 EP 1947 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.12.1942 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 990RU UT WOS:000233761700002 PM 21646111 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR AF Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR TI Genic diversity, genetic structure, and mating system of Brewer spruce (Pinaceae), a relict of the Arcto-Tertiary forest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; genetic structure; heterozygosity; isozymes; relict species; selfing ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WHITE SPRUCE; PICEA-BREWERIANA; RARE ALLELES; NUMBER; PINE; LOAD; HETEROZYGOSITY; INDICATORS AB Brewer spruce (Picea breweriana), a relict of the widespread Arcto-Tertiary forests, is now restricted to a highly fragmented range in the Klamath Region of California and Oregon. Expected heterozygosity for 26 isozyme loci, averaged over 10 populations, was 0.121. More notable than the relatively high level of diversity when compared to other woody endemics was the strong decrease in expected heterozygosity with latitude. Differentiation (F,) was 0.152, higher than values for many north temperate conifers with larger distributions. The number of migrants per generation (N-m) was 1.34 or 2.70. depending on the method of estimation. Inbreeding appeared low; F, was only 0.003, in agreement with multilocus population outcrossing rates (t(m)) which were generally well above 0.90. No difference in t(m) was found between isolated vs. clustered trees. However, the number of seeds per cone was greatest in the densest populations; t(m) is a measure of effective outcrossing after mortality in the embryonic stage, whereas a reduced number of seeds per cone indicates self pollination. Selling increased after logging; outcrossing rate before logging was 0.961 and after logging, 0.756. Despite Brewer spruce's narrow, fragmented distribution, the outlook for its conservation was good, with the exception of possible negative effects of logging. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Mail Stop 6,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tledig@ucdavis.edu NR 82 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1975 EP 1986 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.12.1975 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 990RU UT WOS:000233761700007 PM 21646116 ER PT J AU Syring, J Willyard, A Cronn, R Liston, A AF Syring, J Willyard, A Cronn, R Liston, A TI Evolutionary relationships among Pinus (Pinaceae) subsections inferred from multiple low-copy nuclear loci SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE incongruence; nuclear genes; phylogeny; Pinaceae; Pinus ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SEQUENCE DATA; TAEDA L.; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SUBGENUS PINUS; PICEA PINACEAE; COMBINING DATA AB Sequence data from nrITS and cpDNA have failed to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships among Pinus species. Four low-copy nuclear genes, developed from the screening of 73 mapped conifer anchor loci, were sequenced from 12 species representing all subsections. Individual loci do not uniformly support either the nrITS or cpDNA hypotheses and in some cases produce unique topologies. Combined analysis of low-copy nuclear loci produces a well-supported subsectional topology of two subgenera, each divided into two sections, congruent with prior hypotheses of deep divergence in Pinus. The placements of P. nelsonii, P. krempfii, and P. contorta have been of continued systematic interest. Results strongly support the placement of P. nelsonii as sister to the remaining members of sect. Parrya, suggest a moderately well-supported and consistent position of P. krempfii as sister to the remaining members of sect. Quinquefoliae, and are ambiguous about the placement of P. contorta. A successful phylogenetic strategy in Pinus will require many low-copy nuclear loci that include a high proportion of silent sites and derive from independent linkage groups. The locus screening and evaluation strategy presented here can be broadly applied to facilitate the development of phylogenetic markers from the increasing number of available genomic resources. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Liston, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM listona@science.oregonstate.edu NR 81 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 17 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 92 IS 12 BP 2086 EP 2100 DI 10.3732/ajb.92.12.2086 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 990RU UT WOS:000233761700016 PM 21646125 ER PT J AU Ramos, MI Allen, LH Mungas, DM Jagust, WJ Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW AF Ramos, MI Allen, LH Mungas, DM Jagust, WJ Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW TI Low folate status is associated with impaired cognitive function and dementia in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; homocysteine; cognitive function; dementia; Modified Mini-Mental State Examination; vitamin B-12; creatinine; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; elderly; aging; Latinos ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ELDERLY POPULATION; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; VITAMIN-B-12; PERFORMANCE; DEPRESSION; NUTRITION; MARKER AB Background: Low folate status is associated with poor cognitive function and dementia in the elderly. Since 1998, grain products in the United States have been fortified with folic acid, which has reduced the prevalence of folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. Objective: We investigated whether folate status is associated with cognitive function and dementia in a cohort of elderly Latinos (aged >= 60 y; n = 1789) exposed to folic acid fortification. Design: Global cognitive function was assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and specific cognitive functions by cross-culturally validated neuropsychological tests. Dementia was diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition revised, and California Alzheimer Disease Diagnostic and Treatment criteria. Red blood cell (RBC) folate was measured by automated chemiluminescence and total plasma homocysteine by HPLC. Results: The prevalence of folate deficiency (RBC folate <= 160 ng/mL) was <1%. After control for confounding by homocysteine, vitamin B-12, creatinine, demographic variables, and depressive symptom score, RBC folate was directly associated with 3MSE (P = 0.005) and delayed recall (P = 0.007) scores. In addition, adjusted odds ratios for low 3MSE score (!;78) and dementia diagnosis per unit increase in RBC folate were significantly below unity (P 0.008), which indicated that the relative risks of cognitive impairment and dementia decreased with increasing RBC folate concentration. In contrast, adjusted odds ratios for low 3MSE score and dementia diagnosis per unit increase in homocysteine were not significant. Conclusion: RBC folate is directly associated with cognitive function scores and is inversely associated with dementia in elderly Latinos despite folic acid fortification. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Neurosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Res 3,Room 3200A,4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwmiller@ucdavis.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12975, AG10220, R03 AG033751, AG10129]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060753] NR 35 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1346 EP 1352 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993BC UT WOS:000233926700026 PM 16332669 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Marcet, PL Graham, DH Dahl, ER Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Marcet, Paula L. Graham, Douglas H. Dahl, Erica R. Dubey, J. P. TI Worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lehmann, Tovi] NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Marcet, Paula L.; Graham, Douglas H.; Dahl, Erica R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD, Chamblee, GA USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 25 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000026 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Wilson, WC Manninen, K AF Campbell, Corey L. Wilson, William C. Manninen, Katja TI Characterization of differentially expressed midge genes in orbivirus vector populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Campbell, Corey L.; Wilson, William C.] USDA, Laramie, WY USA. [Manninen, Katja] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 144 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000145 ER PT J AU Ovarnstrom, Y Bishop, H Sullivan, JJ Hollingsworth, R da Silva, AJ AF Ovarnstrom, Yvonne Bishop, Henry Sullivan, James J. Hollingsworth, Robert da Silva, Alexandre J. TI PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in slugs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ovarnstrom, Yvonne; Bishop, Henry; Sullivan, James J.; da Silva, Alexandre J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hollingsworth, Robert] USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 187 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000188 ER PT J AU Parr, JB Sevilleja, JE Alcantara, C Stroup, SE Fayer, R Guerrant, RL AF Parr, Jonathan B. Sevilleja, Jesus Emmanuel Alcantara, Cirle Stroup, Suzanne E. Fayer, Ron Guerrant, Richard L. TI Detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium Parvum in human fecal specimens using real-time PCR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parr, Jonathan B.; Sevilleja, Jesus Emmanuel; Alcantara, Cirle; Stroup, Suzanne E.; Guerrant, Richard L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Fayer, Ron] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 663 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001086 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Solano-Aguilar, G Beshah, E Jones, E Urban, JF AF Dawson, Harry D. Solano-Aguilar, Gloria Beshah, Ethiopia Jones, Eudora Urban, Joseph F. TI Increased TH2-associated immunity in Ascaris-infected swine treated with retinoic acid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dawson, Harry D.; Solano-Aguilar, Gloria; Beshah, Ethiopia; Jones, Eudora; Urban, Joseph F.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 770 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001193 ER PT J AU Pesce, JT Kaviratne, MK Cheever, AW Young, DA Collins, M Grusby, MJ Urban, JF Wynn, TA AF Pesce, John T. Kaviratne, Mallika Kaviratne Cheever, Allen W. Young, Deborah A. Collins, Mary Grusby, Michael J. Urban, Joseph F. Wynn, Thomas A. TI IL-21 receptor deficiency decreases Th2 responses following helminth infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pesce, John T.; Kaviratne, Mallika Kaviratne; Wynn, Thomas A.] NIAID, NIH, LPD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cheever, Allen W.] Biomed Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Young, Deborah A.; Collins, Mary] Wyeth Ayerst Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Grusby, Michael J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 999 BP 328 EP 328 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001422 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Beshah, E Jones, E Dawson, H AF Urban, Joseph F. Beshah, Ethiopia Jones, Eudora Dawson, Harry TI A targeted functional genomic assessment of local and systemic responses to Trichuris Suis indicates resistance or susceptibility to adult worm infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Urban, Joseph F.; Beshah, Ethiopia; Jones, Eudora; Dawson, Harry] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1022 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001445 ER PT J AU Anthony, RM Urban, JF Alem, F Hamed, H Van Rooijen, N Gause, WC AF Anthony, Robert M. Urban, Joseph F. Alem, Farhang Hamed, Hossein Van Rooijen, Nico Gause, William C. TI Alternatively activated macrophages accumulate at the host: Parasite interface and contribute to protection against a nematode parasite SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Anthony, Robert M.] USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alem, Farhang; Hamed, Hossein; Gause, William C.] UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA. [Van Rooijen, Nico] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1023 BP 336 EP 336 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001446 ER PT J AU Keane-Myers, AM Urban, J Norris, H Bundoc, V Boesen, A Wetzel, B AF Keane-Myers, Andrea M. Urban, Joseph Norris, Hillary Bundoc, Virgilio Boesen, Agnieszka Wetzel, Brittany TI Abrogation of allergic inflammation by Ascaris Suum pseudoceolomic fluid (pcf) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keane-Myers, Andrea M.; Norris, Hillary; Bundoc, Virgilio; Boesen, Agnieszka; Wetzel, Brittany] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Urban, Joseph] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 1027 BP 337 EP 337 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990001450 ER PT J AU Santaella, J McLean, R Hall, JS Gill, JS Bowen, RA Hadow, HH Clark, L AF Santaella, J McLean, R Hall, JS Gill, JS Bowen, RA Hadow, HH Clark, L TI West Nile Virus serosurveillance in Iowa white-tailed deer (1999-2003) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; ANTIBODIES; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; SERUM AB Sera from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were collected in Iowa during the winter months (1999-2003), 2 years before and after West Nile virus (WNV) was first reported in Iowa (2001), and were analyzed for antibodies to WNV. Samples from 1999 to 2001 were antibody negative by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Prevalence derived from bELISA (2002, 12.7%; 2003,11.2%) and WNV PRNT90 (2002, 7.9%; 2003, 8.5%) assays were similar. All samples were negative for antibodies against St. Louis encephalitis virus as determined by PRNT90. Antibodies to flaviviruses were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) prior to the first WNV cases reported in Iowa (1999-2001) with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 3.2%, suggesting the circulation of an additional undescribed flavivirus prior to the introduction of WNV into the area. Flavivirus prevalence as determined by iELISA increased in 2002 and 2003 (23.3% and 31.9%, respectively). The increase in prevalence exceeded estimates of WNV prevalence, suggesting that conditions favored general flavivirus transmission (including WNV) during the 2002-2003 epizootic. These data indicate that serologic analysis of deer sera collected from hunter harvests may prove useful for surveillance and evidence of local transmission of WNV and other pathogens and identify white-tailed deer as a species for further studies for host competency. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Caldas, Manizales, Colombia. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. Coe Coll, Dept Biol, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Jeffery.S.Hall@aphis.usda.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1042 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 998XT UT WOS:000234353900010 PM 16354809 ER PT J AU Echeverry, A Loneragan, GH Wagner, BA Brashears, MM AF Echeverry, A Loneragan, GH Wagner, BA Brashears, MM TI Effect of intensity of fecal pat sampling on estimates of Escherichia coli O157 prevalence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Food-Protection CY AUG, 2004 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Int Assoc Food Protect ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; BEEF FEEDLOT CATTLE; MIDWESTERN USA; UNITED-STATES; FECES; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; CULTURE; WATER AB Objective-To evaluate site-to-site variation within fecal pats from cattle with regard to detection of Escherichia coli O157 and determine the effect on the accuracy of prevalence estimates of assay of multiple samples collected from the same fecal pat. Sample Population-120 freshly voided fecal pats collected from 2 beef feedlots. Procedures-5 samples were systematically collected from each fecal pat and analyzed for E coli O157 via selective preenrichment techniques, immunomagnetic separation, and biochemical tests. Presumptive isolates were definitively identified via agglutination assays and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Best estimators of prevalence were calculated from the distribution of E coli O157-positive samples per pat. Results-Of the 120 fecal pats, 96, 13, 4, 2, 3, and 2 fecal pats had 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 E coli O157-positive samples, respectively. The greatest estimate of E coli 0 157 prevalence (20%) was achieved when all 5 samples were assessed; this estimate represented a 2.4-fold increase in prevalence, compared with that provided via analysis of 1 sample/pat (8.2%). Compared with assessment of 5 sites/pat, the relative sensitivity of detecting an E coli O157-positive fecal pat via analysis of 1 site/pat was 40.1%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that estimates of E coli O157 prevalence derived from sampling of 1 location/pat are likely underestimates of the true prevalence of this pathogen in fecal pats (and by extension, cattle). Additional research is warranted to confirm these results in situations of high and low prevalence and across different feedlots. C1 W Texas State Univ, Coll Agr Nursing & Nat Sci, Div Agr, Feedlot Res Grp, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Loneragan, GH (reprint author), W Texas State Univ, Coll Agr Nursing & Nat Sci, Div Agr, Feedlot Res Grp, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RI Echeverry, Alejandro/A-6079-2013 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2023 EP 2027 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.2023 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 989SK UT WOS:000233693900002 PM 16379641 ER PT J AU Tiwary, AK Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Hall, JO AF Tiwary, AK Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Hall, JO TI Evaluation of the respiratory elimination kinetics of selenium after oral administration in sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SODIUM SELENITE; VOLATILE SELENIUM; METABOLISM; LAMBS; EXCRETION; TOXICITY; RATS; TRIMETHYLSELENONIUM; SELENOMETHIONINE; METHYLATION AB Objective-To evaluate the respiratory excretion and elimination kinetics of organic and inorganic selenium after oral administration in sheep. Animals-38 crossbred sheep. Procedures-Selenium was administered PO to sheep as a single dose of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg as sodium selenite or selenomethionine. Expired air was collected and analyzed from all sheep at 4, 8, and 16 hours after administration. Results-Clinical signs consistent with selenium intoxication were seen in treatment groups given sodium selenite but not in treatment groups given the equivalent amount of selenium as selenomethionine. However, a distinct garlic-like odor was evident in the breath of all sheep receiving 2 to 4 mg of selenium/kg. The intensity of odor in the breath did not correlate with clinical signs in affected animals receiving sodium selenite treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The concentration of selenium in expired air was greater in sheep receiving selenium as selenomethionine than sodium selenite. The concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving high doses of selenium (3 and 4 mg of selenium/kg) was larger and selenium was expired for a longer duration than the concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving low doses of selenium (1 and 2 mg of selenium/kg). C1 Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Hall, JO (reprint author), Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, 950 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2142 EP 2148 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.2142 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 989SK UT WOS:000233693900021 PM 16379660 ER PT J AU Chriel, M Salman, MD Wagner, BA AF Chriel, M Salman, MD Wagner, BA TI Evaluation of surveillance and sample collection methods to document freedom from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; VIRUS; HERPESVIRUS-1; HERDS; MILK AB Objectives-To assess the sensitivity of the current surveillance program used in Denmark for detecting outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) at the herd level and to evaluate the impact of alternative sample collection strategies on the sensitivity of the system in an acceptable time frame. Sample Population Data from the Danish Central Husbandry Register on cattle of 24,355 and 25,233 beef herds and on 13,034 and 12,003 dairy herds in the years 2000 and 2001, respectively. Procedures-Surveillance programs were evaluated under current sample collection conditions and under 3 alternative scenarios by use of simulation modeling. Data from the current detection component of the surveillance system were used as input, taking into consideration the sensitivity and specificity of bulk-tank milk and serologic testing. Results-The current system identifies infected dairy herds within a 3-month period with desired accuracy largely because of the test characteristics and number of bulk-tank milk samples. The system is less likely to detect infected beef herds in a timely manner because surveillance in beef herds depends solely on serologic testing at the time of slaughter. The efficiency of surveillance in dairy cattle herds was not decreased substantially when the slaughter-surveillance component was omitted. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Geographically targeted sample collection during the high-risk season (winter) was predicted to increase the probability of rapid detection of IBR infection in cattle. This approach can be used for assessing other surveillance systems to determine the best strategies for detection of infected herds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Danish Dairy Board, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2153 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.2149 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 989SK UT WOS:000233693900023 PM 16379661 ER PT J AU Karsi, A Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC AF Karsi, A Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC TI Assignment of immune-related genes to the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, genetic map SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BAC; catfish; comparative; linkage; mapping; microsatellite ID LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; CLONING AB Eighteen new genes, adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), complement component 4-beta (C4b), complement component 8-beta (C8b), chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25), chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), interleukin 1-beta (IL1B), integrin II-beta (ITGB2), novel immune type receptor 2 (NITR2), novel immune type receptor 4 (NITR4), natural killer cell lysin (NKLYSIN), nucleotide excision repair (RAD23B) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). were assigned to the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) genetic linkage map. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for NITR2, NITR4 and RAD23B from short-tandem repeats in the available sequence. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the remaining 15 genes by short-tandem repeat-anchored primer sequencing of catfish bacterial artificial chromosomes. Two gene clusters (MYOG-NRAMP-ADORA1) and (CCR4-CCR2-CCR5) displayed conservation of synteny between catfish and mammals. Assignment of 18 new genes to the catfish linkage map will further advance integration of genetic and physical maps and comparative mapping between channel catfish and map rich species. C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov OI Karsi, Attila/0000-0001-6845-3346 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01345.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 990KM UT WOS:000233741800007 PM 16293124 ER PT J AU Nonneman, D Smith, TPL Freking, BA Rohrer, GA AF Nonneman, D Smith, TPL Freking, BA Rohrer, GA TI Assignment of 12 genes to porcine chromosome 1 by linkage and radiation hybrid mapping SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME; PIGS; POPULATION; MAP C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM nonneman@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01378.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 990KM UT WOS:000233741800023 PM 16293140 ER PT J AU Li, RW Silverstein, PS Waldbieser, GC AF Li, RW Silverstein, PS Waldbieser, GC TI Genomic characterization and expression analysis of the baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2 (BIRC2) gene in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID APOPTOSIS; DEATH C1 ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Waldbieser, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01382.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 990KM UT WOS:000233741800027 PM 16293144 ER PT J AU St Clair, JB Mandel, NL Vance-Boland, KW AF St Clair, JB Mandel, NL Vance-Boland, KW TI Genecology of Douglas fir in western Oregon and Washington SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga menziesii; genecology; geographical variation; adaptation; growth; phenology ID MENZIESII VAR GLAUCA; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; SEEDLING GROWTH; COASTAL RANGES; GREAT-BASIN; BUD-BURST; POPULATIONS AB Background and Aims Genecological knowledge is important for understanding evolutionary processes and for managing genetic resources. Previous studies of coastal Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) have been inconclusive with respect to geographical patterns of variation, due in part to limited sample intensity and geographical and climatic representation. This study describes and maps patterns of genetic variation in adaptive traits in coastal Douglas fir in western Oregon and Washington, USA. Methods Traits of growth, phenology and partitioning were measured in seedlings of 1338 parents from 1048 locations grown in common gardens. Relations between traits and environments of seed sources were explored using regressions and canonical correlation analysis. Maps of genetic variation as related to the environment were developed using a geographical information system (GIS). Key Results Populations differed considerably for adaptive traits, in particular for bud phenology and emergence. Variation in bud-set, emergence and growth was strongly related to elevation and cool-season temperatures. Variation in bud-burst and partitioning to stem diameter versus height was related to latitude and summer drought. Seedlings from the east side of the Washington Cascades were considerably smaller, set bud later and burst bud earlier than populations from the west side. Conclusions Winter temperatures and frost dates are of overriding importance to the adaptation of Douglas fir to Pacific Northwest environments. Summer drought is of less importance. Maps generated using canonical correlation analysis and GIS allow easy visualization of a complex array of traits as related to a complex array of environments. The composite traits derived from canonical correlation analysis show two different patterns of variation associated with different gradients of cool-season temperatures and summer drought. The difference in growth and phenology between the westside and eastside Washington Cascades is hypothesized to be a consequence of the presence of interior variety (P. menziessii var. glauca) on the eastside. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP St Clair, JB (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bstclair@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1199 EP 1214 DI 10.1093/aob/mci278 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985SO UT WOS:000233399000005 PM 16246849 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Berry, ED Varel, VH AF Wells, JE Berry, ED Varel, VH TI Effects of common forage phenolic acids on Escherichia coli O157 : H7 viability in bovine feces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; MANURE COMPOST; BEEF-CATTLE; SURVIVAL; PREVALENCE; SLAUGHTER; RUMEN; INACTIVATION; PERSISTENCE AB Ruminant animals are carriers of Escherichia coli O157:117, and the transmission of E. coli O157:117 from cattle to the environment and to humans is a concern. It is unclear if diet can influence the survivability of E. coli O157:117 in the gastrointestinal system or in feces in the environment. Feces from cattle fed bromegrass hay or corn silage diets were inoculated with E. coli O157:117, and the survival of this pathogen was analyzed. When animals consumed bromegrass hay for < 1 month, viable E. coli O157:117 was not recovered after 28 days postinoculation, but when animals consumed the diet for > 1 month, E. coli O157:117 cells were recovered for > 120 days. Viable E. coli O157:117 cells in feces from animals fed corn silage were detected until day 45 and differed little with the time on the diet. To determine if forage phenolic acids affected the viability of E. coli O157:117, feces from animals fed corn silage or cracked corn were amended with common forage phenolic acids. When 0.5% trans-cinnamic acid or 0.5% para-coumaric acid was added to feces from silage-fed animals, the E. coli O157:117 death rate was increased significantly (17-fold and 23-fold, respectively) compared to that with no addition. In feces from animals fed cracked corn, E. coli O157:117 death rates were increased significantly with the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% trans-cinnamic acid (7- and 13-fold), 0.1% and 0.5% p-coumaric acid (3- and 8-fold), and 0.5% ferulic acid (3-fold). These data suggest that phenolic acids common to forage plants can decrease viable counts of E. coli O157:H7 shed in feces. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wells, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM wells@email.marc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 7974 EP 7979 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.7974-7979.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600041 PM 16332775 ER PT J AU Gilbreth, SE Call, JE Wallace, FM Scott, VN Chen, YH Luchansky, JB AF Gilbreth, SE Call, JE Wallace, FM Scott, VN Chen, YH Luchansky, JB TI Relatedness of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from selected ready-to-eat foods and listeriosis patients in the United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROCESSING PLANTS; PRODUCTS; STRAINS; MEAT; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serotyping were performed for 544 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, including 502 isolates recovered from contaminated samples from 31,705 retail ready-to-eat (RTE) food products and 42 isolates recovered from human cases of listeriosis. The isolates were from Maryland (294 isolates) and California (250 isolates) and were collected in 2000 and 2001. The isolates were placed into 16 AscI pulsogroups (level of relatedness within each group, >= 66%), 139 AscI pulsotypes (levels of relatedness, >= 25% to 100%), and eight serotypes (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 4b, 4c, and 4d). The most frequently found pulsotypes belonged to either pulsogroup A (150 food isolates plus 4 clinical isolates) or pulsogroup B (104 food isolates plus 5 clinical isolates). The majority of the 502 food isolates were either serotype 1/2a (298 isolates) or serotype 1/2b (133 isolates), whereas the majority of the 42 clinical isolates were either serotype 1/2a (19 isolates) or serotype 4b (15 isolates). Additionally, 13 clinical isolates displayed pulsotypes also found in food isolates, whereas the remaining 29 clinical isolates displayed 24 unique pulsotypes. These data indicate that most (86%) of the L. monocytogenes subtypes found in the RTE foods sampled belonged to only two serotypes and that 90% of the isolates displayed 73 pulsotypes, with 107 isolates displaying pulsotype 1. These data should help define the distribution and relatedness of isolates found in RTE foods in comparison with isolates that cause listeriosis. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Natl Food Processors Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 8115 EP 8122 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8115-8122.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600059 PM 16332793 ER PT J AU Balaji, B O'Connor, K Lucas, JR Anderson, JM Csonka, LN AF Balaji, B O'Connor, K Lucas, JR Anderson, JM Csonka, LN TI Timing of induction of osmotically controlled genes in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, determined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; KDP OPERON EXPRESSION; INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROLINE TRANSPORT; TURGOR PRESSURE; HIGH-OSMOLALITY; PROU OPERON; STRESS; OSMOREGULATION AB The signals that control the transcription of osmoregulated genes are not understood satisfactorily. The "turgor control model" suggested that the primary osmoregulatory signal in Enterobacteriaceae is turgor loss, which induces the kdp K+ transport operon and activates the Trk K+ permease. The ensuing increase in cytoplasmic K+ concentration was proposed to be the signal that turns on all secondary responses, including the induction of the proU (proline-glycine betaine transport) operon. The "ionic strength model" proposed that the regulatory signal for all osmotically controlled responses is the increase in the cytoplasmic ionic strength or macromolecular crowding after an osmotic upshift. The assumption in the turgor control model that the induction of kdp is a primary response to osmotic shock predicts that this response should precede all secondary responses. Both models predict that the induction of all osmotically activated responses should be independent of the chemical nature of the solute used to impose osmotic stress. We tested these predictions by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the expression of six osmotically regulated genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. After shock with 0.3 M NaCl, proU was induced at 4 min, proP and rpoS were induced at 4 to 6 min, kdp was induced at 8 to 9 min, and otsB and ompC were induced at 10 to 12 min. After an equivalent osmotic shock with 0.6 M sucrose,proU was induced with kinetics similar to those seen with NaCl, but induction of kdp was reduced 150-fold in comparison to induction by NaCl. Our results are inconsistent with both the turgor control and the ionic strength control models. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Csonka, LN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lcsonka@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu NR 52 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 8273 EP 8283 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8273-8283.2005 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600079 PM 16332813 ER PT J AU Manderson, K Pinart, M Tuohy, KM Grace, WE Hotchkiss, AT Widmer, W Yadhav, MP Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Manderson, K Pinart, M Tuohy, KM Grace, WE Hotchkiss, AT Widmer, W Yadhav, MP Gibson, GR Rastall, RA TI In vitro determination of prebiotic properties of oligosaccharides derived from an orange juice manufacturing by-product stream SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; PECTIC-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PREPARATIVE HPLC; HUMAN GUT; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; COLONIC BACTERIA; HUMAN VOLUNTEER; HUMAN FECES; FERMENTATION AB Fermentation properties of oligosaccharides derived from orange peel pectin were assessed in mixed fecal bacterial culture. The orange peel oligosaccharide fraction contained glucose in addition to rhamnogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan pectic oligosaccharides. Twenty-four-hour, temperature- and pH-controlled, stirred anaerobic fecal batch cultures were used to determine the effects that oligosaccharides derived from orange products had on the composition of the fecal microbiota. The effects were measured through fluorescent in situ hybridization to determine changes in bacterial populations, fermentation end products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to assess short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and subsequently, a prebiotic index (PI) was determined. Pectic oligosaccharides (POS) were able to increase the bifidobacterial and Eubacterium rectale numbers, albeit resulting in a lower prebiotic index than that from fructo-oligosaccharide metabolism. Orange albedo maintained the growth of most bacterial populations and gave a PI similar to that of soluble starch. Fermentation of POS resulted in an increase in the Eubacterium rectale numbers and concomitantly increased butyrate production. In conclusion, this study has shown that POS can have a beneficial effect on the fecal microflora; however, a classical prebiotic effect was not found. An increase in the Eubacterium rectale population was found, and butyrate levels increased, which is of potential benefit to the host. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, POB 226, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. EM r.a.rastall@rdg.ac.uk RI Tuohy, Kieran/G-9142-2011; Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009; Pinart, Mariona/L-1931-2015 OI Tuohy, Kieran/0000-0001-6882-7192; Pinart, Mariona/0000-0002-8223-1325 NR 48 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 8383 EP 8389 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8383-8389.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600091 PM 16332825 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, B Boue, SM Bhatnagar, D AF Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, B Boue, SM Bhatnagar, D TI An aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene encodes a novel oxidase required for conversion of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NIDULANS; CLONING; EXPRESSION; CHAETOMIUM; LACCASE; ENZYME AB Disruption of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene aflY (hypA) gave Aspergillus parasiticus transformants that accumulated versicolorin A. This gene is predicted to encode the Baeyer-Villiger oxidase necessary for formation of the xanthone ring of the aflatoxin precursor demethylsterigmatocystin. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,RE Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 8963 EP 8965 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8963-8965.2005 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600166 PM 16332900 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, M Hidalgo, A Haas, M Bornscheuer, UT AF Di Lorenzo, M Hidalgo, A Haas, M Bornscheuer, UT TI Heterologous production of functional forms of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in Escherichia coli SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL PRODUCTION; PICHIA-PASTORIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DELEMAR LIPASE; EXPRESSION; FUNGI; GENE AB To date, expression of the lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) in Escherichia coli always led to the formation of inclusion bodies and inactive protein. However, the production of active ROL and its precursor ProROL in soluble form was achieved when E. coli Origami(DE3) and pET-11d were used as expression systems. C1 Univ Greifswald, Inst Chem & Biochem, Dept Tech Chem & Biotechnol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Chem Engn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Bornscheuer, UT (reprint author), Univ Greifswald, Inst Chem & Biochem, Dept Tech Chem & Biotechnol, Soldmannstr 16, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. EM uwe.bornscheuer@uni-greifswald.de RI Bornscheuer, Uwe/C-4612-2012 OI Bornscheuer, Uwe/0000-0003-0685-2696 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 8974 EP 8977 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8974-8977.2005 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 999VB UT WOS:000234417600169 PM 16332903 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, CT TI Effect of environmental factors on the production of oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids from linoleic acids by Bacillus megaterium ALA2 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION; SUBTILIS; PATHWAY; PLANT AB We identified [Hou CT (2003) New uses of vegetable oils: novel oxygenated fatty acids by biotransformation. SIM News 53:56-61] many novel oxygenated fatty acids produced from linoleic acid by Bacillus megaterium ALA2: 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13, 17-THOA); 12,13,16-triliydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12, 13,16-THOA); 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid; and 12,17;13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid. 12,13,17-THOA, the main product, has antiplant pathoaenic fungal activity. To develop an industrial process for the production of these new oxygenated fatty acids by strain ALA2, the effect of environmental factors on the production and their impact on the amount of various products were studied. Dextrose at 5 g/l was the optimum amount for the carbon source. A combination of 15 g yeast extract and 10 g tryptone showed good results as nitrogen sources. Among the metal ions tested, the optimum concentrations for the reaction for the different ions were as follows (in mM): magnesium 2.0, iron 0.5, zinc 0.1, nickel 0.01, and cobalt 0.05. Copper ions did not affect the production of oxygenated products; however, manganese ions inhibited the reaction. Addition of these metal ions did not alter the distribution of products. The optimum temperature and pH for the production of THOAs were 30 degrees C and pH 6.5. Time course studies showed 40-48 h is the optimum for the production of both THOAs. These data provide the basis for engineering scale-up production of these new products. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM houct@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 69 IS 4 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s00253-005-1999-x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 999HP UT WOS:000234380700013 PM 15895222 ER PT J AU Dixit, V Tewari, JC Cho, BK Irudayaraj, JMK AF Dixit, V Tewari, JC Cho, BK Irudayaraj, JMK TI Identification and quantification of industrial grade glycerol adulteration in red wine with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using chemometrics and artificial neural networks SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared; FT-IR; micro-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy; mATR; multivariate analysis; neural networks; genetic algorithm ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; CALIBRATION; ORIGIN; JUICE AB Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) single bounce micro-attenuated total reflectance (mATR) spectroscopy, combined with multivariate and artificial neural network (ANN) data analysis, was used to determine the adulteration of industrial grade glycerol in selected red wines. Red wine samples were artificially adulterated with industrial grade glycerol over the concentration range from 0.1 to 15% and calibration models were developed and validated. Single bounce infrared spectra of glycerol adulterated wine samples were recorded in the fingerprint mid-infrared region, 900-1500 cm(-1). Partial least squares (PLS) and PLS first derivatives were used for quantitative analysis (r(2) = 0.945 to 0.998), while linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used for classification and discrimination. The standard error of prediction (SEP) in the validation set was between 1.44 and 2.25%. Classification of glycerol adulterants in the different brands of red wine using CVA resulted in a classification accuracy in the range between 94 and 98%. Artificial neural network analysis based on the quick back propagation network (BPN) and the radial basis function network (RBFN) algorithms had classification success rates of 93% using BPN and 100% using RBFN. The genetic algorithm network was able to predict the concentrations of glycerol in wine up to an accuracy of r(2) = 0.998. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tewari, JC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jtewari@purdue.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1553 EP 1561 DI 10.1366/000370205775142638 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 996PW UT WOS:000234187500016 PM 16390596 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Gerling, D Blackburn, MB Hu, JS AF Gelman, DB Gerling, D Blackburn, MB Hu, JS TI Host-parasite interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiological and Behavioral Host-Parasitoid Interactions CY AUG, 2004 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE host-parasite interactions; Bemisia tabaci; Ytialeurodes vaporariorum; Trialeurodes lauri; Encarsia formosa; Eretmocerus mundus; Encarsia scapeata ID ENCARSIA-FORMOSA HYMENOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI; TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM; DIAPAUSE INDUCTION; ERETMOCERUS-MUNDUS; APHIDIUS-ERVI; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; ARGENTIFOLII; APHELINIDAE AB There is relatively little information available concerning the physiological and biochemical interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids. In this report, we describe interactions between aphelinid parasitoids and their aleyrodid hosts that we have observed in four host-parasite systems: Bemisia tabaci/Encarsia formosa, Trialeurodes vaporariorum E. formosa, 8. tabaci/Eretmocerus mundus, and T lauri/Encarsia scapeata. In the absence of reported polydnavirus and teratocytes, these parasitoids probably inject and/or produce compounds that interfere with the host immune response and also manipulate host development to suit their own needs. In addition, parasitoids must coordinate their own development with that of their host. Although eggs are deposited under all four instars of 8. tabaci, Eretmocerus larvae only penetrate 4th instar 8. tabaci nymphs. A pre-penetrating I mundus first instar was capable of inducing permanent developmental arrest in its host, and upon penetration stimulated its host to produce a capsule (epidermal in origin) in which the parasitoid larva developed. T vaporariorum and B. tahaci parasitized by E. formosa initiated adult development, and, on occasion, produced abnormal adult wings and eyes. In these systems, the site of parasitoid oviposition depended on the host species, occurring within or pressing into the ventral ganglion in T vaporariorum and at various locations in 8. tobaci. E. formosa's final larval molt is cued by the initiation of adult development in its host. In the T lauri-E. scarpeata system, both the host whitefly and the female parasitoid diapause during most of the year, i.e., from June until the middle of February (T lauri) or from May until the end of December (E scapeata). It appears that the growth and development of the insects are directed by the appearance of new, young foliage on Arbutus andrachne, the host tree. When adult female parasitoids emerged in the spring, they laid unfertilized male-producing eggs in whiteflies containing a female parasitoid [autoparasitism (development of male larvae utilizing female parasitoid immatures for nutrition)]. Upon hatching, these male larvae did not diapause, but initiated development, and the adult males that emerged several weeks later mated with available females to produce the next generation of parasitoid females. Thus, the interactions that exist between whiteflies and their parasitoids are complex and (an be quite diverse in the various host-parasitoid systems. C1 USDA, ARS, IBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, IBL, Rm 214,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1002/arch.20101 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 991YH UT WOS:000233850300007 PM 16304614 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, MM Jahn, MM AF Cadle-Davidson, MM Jahn, MM TI Resistance conferred against bean common mosaic virus by the incompletely dominant I locus of Phaseolus vulgaris is active at the single cell level SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS; PROTEIN; RNA AB A protoplast transfection system was used in Phaseolus vulgaris to study the incompletely dominant resistance locus I. The genetic materials in the study were cultivar 'Black Turtle Soup' lines nearly isogenic for I and their F-1. Accumulation of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV; genus Potyvirus) RNA and virions was assayed following BCMV RNA electrotransfection of protoplasts from each genotype. BCMV RNA and virions accumulated in all genotypes tested but the relative rates of RNA accumulation differed. This suggests that the I allele is active at the single cell level and in a dosage-dependent fashion and supports previous work in this area. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mmc27@cornell.edu RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 150 IS 12 BP 2601 EP 2608 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0592-z PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 985BS UT WOS:000233351700016 PM 16132184 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Beasley, JN Rath, NC Johnson, MG Nannapaneni, R AF Huff, GR Huff, WE Beasley, JN Rath, NC Johnson, MG Nannapaneni, R TI Respiratory infection of turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; turkeys; respiratory infection; turkey osteomyelitis complex; food safety ID GREEN LIVER DISCOLORATION; OSTEOMYELITIS COMPLEX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BROILER-CHICKENS; SLAUGHTERHOUSE LEVEL; AIRBORNE INFECTION; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; POULTRY PRODUCTS; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE AB The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied 4 by challenging day-old male turkey poults by air sac inoculation with tryptose phosphate broth containing 10(7) cfu (control), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) cfu (low challenge), or 10(7) and 108 cfu (high challenge) of the Scott A (serotype 4b) strain of L. monocytogenes. Mortality at 2 wk postinfection (PI) ranged from 25% for low challenge to 100% for high challenge (P = 0.0001). Gross and histopathological lesions were observed in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and bursa of Fabricius of mortalities at 4 days PI. Listeria monotytogenes challenge resulted in significantly decreased relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and increased relative weight of the spleen, and L. monocytogenes was isolated by direct plating of liver, pericardium, brain, and both left and right stifle joint synovium (knee) cultures, as well as gall bladder, yolk sac, and cecal tonsil from transfer swabs onto Listeria-selective agar. Isolates were confirmed as positive using Gram stain, biochemical tests, and the Biolog system. High challenge resulted in confirmed L. monocytogenes isolation from 48% of left knee and 59% of right knee cultures. Low challenge resulted in isolation of L. monocytogenes from 11% of both left and right knee cultures. These results suggest that L. monocytogenes Scott A colonization of turkey knee synovial tissue can initiate in day-of-age poults and that L. monocytogenes Scott A can be invasive through air sac infection. C1 USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1637/7375-05040R.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995CK UT WOS:000234077300014 PM 16404998 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Wilson, JL Bailey, JS Cosby, DE Bourassa, DV AF Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Wilson, JL Bailey, JS Cosby, DE Bourassa, DV TI Recovery of Campylobacter jejuni in feces and semen of caged broiler breeder roosters following three routes of inoculation SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; broiler breeder roosters; feces; semen; ductus deferens ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; SAMPLES; TRACT; HENS; SPP. AB We previously reported the recovery of Campylobacter (naturally colonized) from the ductus deferens of 5 of 10 1 broiler breeder roosters, and four of those five positive roosters had previously produced Campylobacter-positive semen samples. Those results prompted further evaluation to determine if inoculation route influenced the prevalence or level of Campylobacter contamination of semen, the digestive tract, or reproductive organs. Individually caged roosters, confirmed to be feces and semen negative for Campylobacter, were challenged with a marker strain of Campylobacter jejuni either orally using 1.0 ml of a diluted cell suspension (log(10)4.3 to 6.0 cells), by dropping 0.1 ml of suspension (log(10)5.3 to 7.0 cells) on the everted phallus immediately after semen collection or by dip coating an ultrasound probe in the diluted cell suspension (log(10)4.3 to 6.0 cells) and then inserting the probe through the vent into the colon. Six days postinoculation, individual feces and semen samples were again collected and cultured for Campylobacter. Seven days postinoculation, roosters were killed, the abdomen aseptically opened to expose the viscera, and one cecum, one testis, and both ductus deferens were collected. The samples were then suspended I : 3 (weight/volume) in Bolton enrichment broth for the culture of Campylobacter. Samples were also directly plated onto Cefex agar to enumerate Campylobacter. Campylobacter was recovered 6 days after challenge from feces in 82% of samples (log(10)4.1 colony-forming units [CFU]/g sample), 85% of semen samples (log(10)2.9 CFU/ml), and on the seventh day postchallenge from 88% of cecal samples (log(10)5.8 CFU/g sample). Campylobacter was not directly isolated from any testis sample but was detected following enrichment from 9% (3/33) of ductus deferens samples. Roosters challenged with Campylobacter orally, on the phallus, or by insertion of a Campylobacter dip-coated ultrasound probe were all readily colonized in the ceca and produced Campylobacter-positive semen and feces on day 6 after challenge. The low prevalence of recovery of Campylobacter from the ductus deferens samples and failure to recover from any testis sample suggests that semen may become Campylobacter positive while traversing the cloaca upon the everted phallus. The production of Campylobacter-positive semen could provide a route in addition to fecal-oral for the horizontal transmission of Campylobacter from the rooster to the reproductive tract of the hen. C1 USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Mircobiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Mircobiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Mircobiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1637/7337-020205R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995CK UT WOS:000234077300018 PM 16405002 ER PT J AU Jackwood, MW Hilt, DA Lee, CW Kwon, HM Callison, SA Moore, KM Moscoso, H Sellers, H Thayer, S AF Jackwood, MW Hilt, DA Lee, CW Kwon, HM Callison, SA Moore, KM Moscoso, H Sellers, H Thayer, S TI Data from 11 years of molecular typing infectious bronchitis virus field isolates SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IBV; molecular typing; RT-PCR; RFLP; incidence; distribution; variant; disease outbreaks; emerging strains ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEROTYPE AB In 1993, a new molecular typing method for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was introduced. This method uses reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the spike gene to obtain RFLP patterns that correlate with serotype. Using that test at the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center (PDRC, University of Georgia, Athens, GA), we have identified a total of 1523 IBV isolates in the past I I yr. The data were obtained from clinical samples submitted to our laboratory from birds with clinical signs characteristic of IBV infection. The samples are primarily from the southeastern United States but are also from many other states as well as from outside the United States. Most of the isolations occurred during July, followed by May, April, November, October, and January. The fewest number of isolates identified on an annual basis was 20 in 2003. An unusually high number of isolations occurred in 1997 (318 isolations) and 1999 (246 isolations), which coincided with the GAV variant virus and GA98 variant virus outbreaks respectively. By far, the Ark-DPI strain was the most frequently identified type of IBV and ranged from 23% to 65% of total isolations per year. Ark-like isolates, defined as having a similar but unique RFLP pattern from the Ark-DPI vaccine strain were identified every year of the study except in 1996. In addition, new Ark-like isolates continued to emerge each year (except in the year 2000) beginning in 1997, reflecting the ability of that IBV type to undergo genetic drift. Eighty-two different variant viruses were identified although only two (GAV and GA98) became persistent and caused widespread disease. Some viruses tended to be geographically restricted to a given area (CAV in California and MX97-8147 in Mexico), whereas others were widespread (Ark-DPI, Conn, DE072, and Mass). The Florida, Gray, Holte, Iowa, and JMK types were not detected during the 11-yr period, and no foreign virus types were detected in the United States. These data show that IBV variant viruses are consistently circulating in commercial poultry and are capable of causing disease outbreaks. Our observations highlight the importance of constantly monitoring IBV as well as other coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus that have the ability to change and emerge to cause disease in a susceptible host. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Dept Vet Med, Lab Vet Microbiol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Jackwood, MW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 49 IS 4 BP 614 EP 618 DI 10.1637/7389-052905R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 995CK UT WOS:000234077300026 PM 16405010 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Are lab-cultured Anaphes iole females strictly proovigenic? SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; egg load; egg parasitoid; Lygus hesperus; oviposition behavior ID LYGUS-HESPERUS KNIGHT; PARASITOID WASPS; EGG LOAD; EXPOSURE TIME; BODY-SIZE; HYMENOPTERA; MYMARIDAE; FECUNDITY; GIRAULT; MIRIDAE AB Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a solitary egg parasitoid of Lygus bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) in North America. Circumstantial evidence suggests that A. iole females are strictly proovigenic. This study was designed to determine if honey-fed A. iole females could in fact mature additional eggs if exposed to hosts for a few days then removed from hosts and held at 25 degrees C for 0, 3, or 6 days. Contrary to expectation, honey-fed A. iole females matured considerably more eggs when deprived of hosts for 3 or 6 days rather than 0 days. This research suggests that A. iole females are not strictly proovigenic. However, they do have proovigenic tendencies, since most females emerge with at least 71% of their potential fecundity. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67,59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ewriddick@ars.usda.gov OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-1311-0 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 979CM UT WOS:000232919800005 ER PT J AU Weaver, M Kenerley, C AF Weaver, M Kenerley, C TI Density independent population dynamics by Trichoderma virens in soil and defined substrates SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma virens; population regulation; biocontrol fungi ID GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; ALGINATE PELLETS; BIOCONTROL; FUNGI; ENUMERATION; HARZIANUM; GENE AB Classical models of population dynamics predict that with increasing initial population densities the per capita growth will diminish. Observations over a broad range of initial densities with a wild-type and a genetically engineered strain of the filamentous fungus, Trichoderma virens (Arx), in soil and autoclaved soil differed from these predictions. The per capita growth response of T. virens in vitro was found to be density dependent on potato dextrose agar, but density independent on water agar. Further experiments with a defined, carbon-free medium (Vogel's medium) and, with the same medium containing sucrose, indicated that density dependent per capita growth occurred in the nutrient-rich medium but not the oligotrophic medium. This hypothesis was tested and supported experimentally through observation of density dependent per capita growth after adding nutrients to autoclaved soil. Development of better models of population dynamics will be important to predict successfully the likelihood and extent of establishment after field release of microorganims. C1 ARS, USDA, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Weaver, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SWSRU, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mweaver@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 8 BP 847 EP 857 DI 10.1080/09583150500187108 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 984EU UT WOS:000233286100006 ER PT J AU Koprowski, JL Alanen, MI Lynch, AM AF Koprowski, JL Alanen, MI Lynch, AM TI Nowhere to run and nowhere to hide: Response of endemic Mt. Graham red squirrels to catastrophic forest damage SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Tamiasciurus; bark beetle; aphid; forest health; climate change; catastrophe; Arizona ID GYPSY-MOTH; EXTINCTION; CONSERVATION; PERSISTENCE; DYNAMICS; OUTBREAK; TAMIASCIURUS; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; MOUNTAINS AB A consequence of isolation is increased susceptibility to catastrophe. Insect damage to fragmented and isolated forests has the potential to serve as a catastrophic force; such damage has increased worldwide due to climate change and fire suppression policies. We examined the response of endangered endemic Mt. Graham red squirrels to catastrophic insect damage due to moths, beetles, and introduced aphids. Insects changed the forest environment significantly for the endemic squirrel by reducing basal area and stem densities of live stems, while increasing number and basal area of standing dead stems. Availability of two major foods, fungi and tree seeds, declined in insect-damaged forests relative to trends in undamaged forests. Numbers of Mt. Graham red squirrels declined precipitously in insect-damaged forests suggesting a catastrophe. Conservation options are limited in such situations. Forest-insect induced catastrophes are likely to become more common in the near future as forest health declines due to past management tactics and climate change. Prudent conservation measures include the anticipation of insect outbreaks and effective forest treatments to decrease likelihood of such catastrophes to species of precarious, conservation status, while avoiding abrupt changes to critical habitat. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Wildlife Conservat & Management, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Koprowski, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Wildlife Conservat & Management, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM squirrel@ag.arizona.edu NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 126 IS 4 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.06.028 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981DK UT WOS:000233067300005 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Menzel, MA Rodrigue, JL Menzel, JM Johnson, JB AF Ford, WM Menzel, MA Rodrigue, JL Menzel, JM Johnson, JB TI Relating bat species presence to simple habitat measures in a central Appalachian forest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE acoustical survey; Anabat; central Appalachians; bats; forests; Riparian areas ID LONG-EARED BAT; ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; OF-FIT TESTS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; WEST-VIRGINIA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS; INDUSTRIAL FOREST AB We actively sampled the bat community at 63 sites using detection and non-detection metrics on the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) in the central Appalachians of West Virginia using Anabat acoustical equipment May-June 2001-2003 to relate species presence to simple habitat measures such as proximity to riparian areas, forest canopy cover, forest canopy gap width, and forest canopy height. We acoustically detected eight species on the FEF, including the endangered Myotis sodalis. The presence of Lasiurus cinereus, M. lucifugus, M. sodalis, and Pipistrellus subflavus was associated more with riparian areas than upland areas. Both univariate comparisons and multiple logistic regression modeling showed that the probability that clutter-adapted foraging species such as M. septentrionalis and M. sodalis would be detected was greater as forest canopy cover increased or forest canopy gap size decreased, whereas the opposite was true for open-adapted foraging species such as Eptesicus fuscus and L. cinereus. The overall proportion of unidentifiable bat echolocation sequences to those identified to species was related to upland sites with increasing forest canopy cover indicating some sampling bias between cluttered and uncluttered habitats. However, given sufficient sample points, bat community surveys using acoustical detection show the ability to quickly develop generalized habitat associations for rugged areas such as the central Appalachians where traditional mist-net survey efforts often are logistically difficult and are lacking in scope. Moreover, these acoustical surveys also could lend themselves to species-specific predictive mapping of foraging habitat as well as allowing researchers to formulate testable hypotheses about detailed bat habitat relationships to be definitively tested with radio-telemetry techniques. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Alston & Bird LLP, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Environm Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 91 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 126 IS 4 BP 528 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.003 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981DK UT WOS:000233067300009 ER PT J AU Carruthers, RI D'Antonio, CM AF Carruthers, RI D'Antonio, CM TI Science and decision making in biological control of weeds: Benefits and risks of biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Carruthers, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St,Room 2002, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ric@pw.usda.gov; dantonio@es.ucsb.edu NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.001 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800001 ER PT J AU McClay, AS Balciunas, JK AF McClay, AS Balciunas, JK TI The role of pre-release efficacy assessment in selecting classical biological control agents for weeds - applying the Anna Karenina principle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE biological control; weeds; agent selection; efficacy assessment; pre-release studies; cost-effectiveness; modeling ID BIOCONTROL AGENT; ONOPORDUM THISTLES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; HELIOTROPIUM-EUROPAEUM; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; LIXUS-CARDUI; IMPACT; AUSTRALIA; GROWTH AB The goals in selecting classical biological control agents for weeds are to identify agents that will be both safe for release and effective in controlling their target plants. The release of ineffective agents should be avoided, as these add to the costs and risks of biological control without contributing to its benefits. While the principles of host-specificity testing and risk assessment for weed biological control agents have been extensively debated and refined, there has been less attention given to assessing the probable efficacy of agents prior to release. This reluctance to undertake pre-release efficacy assessment (PREA) is probably based on concerns that it will both add to the cost of screening biological control agents and introduce a risk of wrongly rejecting effective agents. We used a project simulation model to investigate the implications of using PREA as an additional filter in the agent selection process. The results suggest that, if it can be done at a lower cost than host-specificity testing, the use of PREA as the first filter can make agent selection more cost-effective than screening based on host-specificity alone. We discuss examples of PREA and potential approaches. The impact of biocontrol agents is a function of their range, abundance, and per-capita damage. While it will always be difficult to predict the post-release abundance of biological control agents from pre-release studies, some estimates of potential range can be obtained from studies of climatic adaptation. For agents that affect the vegetative growth or survival of their target weeds, experimental measurement of per-capita damage is feasible and can contribute to a reduction in the numbers of ineffective agents released. The Anna Karenina principle states that success in complex undertakings does not depend on a single factor but requires avoiding many separate causes of failure. We suggest that, in biological control of weeds, the use of agents that are not sufficiently damaging is one such cause that can be partially avoided by the use of pre-release efficacy assessment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 McClay Ecosci, Sherwood Pk, AB T8H 1H8, Canada. USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McClay, AS (reprint author), McClay Ecosci, 15 Greenbriar Crescent, Sherwood Pk, AB T8H 1H8, Canada. EM alec.mcclay@shaw.ca NR 70 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.018 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800003 ER PT J AU Caesar, A AF Caesar, A TI Melding ecology, classical weed biocontrol, and plant microbial ecology can inform improved practices in controlling invasive plant species SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE insect-plant pathogen interaction; synergism; multitrophic interactions; negative feedback; microbial communities; multidisciplinary; classical weed biocontrol ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE; LEAFY SPURGE; SOIL BIOTA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NATURAL VEGETATION; NORTHERN PLAINS; BLACK-CHERRY; PATHOGENICITY AB Early research leading to the successful biological control of invasive species such as Opuntia spp., and Hypericum perforatum set examples and provided data useful for research programs that would follow. However, this early work failed to become established as a source of applicable principles for later workers in weed biocontrol. Recently, retrospective and parallel studies have been suggested as a means to reengage with earlier work to derive useful ideas and data to enhance future programs in weed biocontrol. Parallel studies by workers in plant community ecology on the nature of feedback elicited by plant species in their invaded and native range have shown the importance of soil microbial communities in effecting feedback. Retrospective reexamination of previous studies would likely provide clues to other insect plant pathogen interactions in addition to those described by the author and others. The effects of invasive species in profoundly altering soil microbial communities point to the need for further studies on key microbial species contributing to or driving the impact of biocontrol. These collective data suggest that the desired goal of selecting for and utilizing stronger biocontrol agents to reduce nontarget effects and to increase the impact of biological control programs would be best served by prerelease studies that assess the propensity of a candidate agent for direct or indirect interaction with other agents. This could be assessed through the use of survival analysis. Overall, parallel empirical and retrospective studies should be a necessary part of how biological control is practiced. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Res Plant Pathol, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Plant Pathol, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM caesara@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.06.001 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800007 ER PT J AU Dudley, TL Kazmer, DJ AF Dudley, TL Kazmer, DJ TI Field assessment of the risk posed by Diorhabda elongata, a biocontrol agent for control of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), to a nontarget plant, Frankenia salina SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE biological control; host range testing; nontarget impacts; saltcedar; Tamarix; Diorhabda elongata; Frankenia ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ASIAN LEAF BEETLE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB The biological control program for saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has led to open releases of a specialist beetle (Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda elongata) in several research locations. but the controversy over potential impacts to native, nontarget plants of the genus Frankenia remains unresolved. To assess the potential for nontarget impacts Under field conditions, we installed cultivated Frankenia spp. (primarily two forms of Frankenia salina but also including Frankenia jamesii) at locations in Nevada and Wyoming where D. elongata densities and saltcedar defoliation were expected to be very high, so insects would be near starvation with high probability of attacking nontargets if these were Suitable hosts. Subsequent insect abundance was high, and only minor impact (<4% foliar damage) was observed on both forms of F salina under these 'worst case' conditions; there was no impact to F .salina. No oviposition nor larval development were observed on any plants, there was no dieback of damaged F salina sterns, and plants Continued growing once insect populations subsided. These results under 'natural' field conditions contrast with caged host-range tests in which feeding, development and minor ovipsition Occurred on the nontarget plant. Other ecological factors, such as distance from target plants to natural Frankenia spp. populations, inhospitable conditions for agent survival in Such sites, and intrinsic insect behavior that makes colonization and/or genetic adaptation highly unlikely, lead LIS to Conclude that nontarget impacts following program implementation will be insignificant or absent. Host range testing of new agents, while necessary to ensure safety, Must put greater attention on assessing the ecological context where agents will be establishing, and on balancing speculated risks against potential benefits of biological control. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Dudley, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tdudley@msi.ucsb.edu; dkazmer@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.002 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800010 ER PT J AU Sing, SE Peterson, RKD Weaver, DK Hansen, RW Markin, GP AF Sing, SE Peterson, RKD Weaver, DK Hansen, RW Markin, GP TI A retrospective analysis of known and potential risks associated with exotic toadflax-feeding insects SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE toadflax; biological control; invasive weeds; non-target effects; environmental risk ID LINARIA-VULGARIS SCROPHULARIACEAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; MECINUS-JANTHINUS GERMAR; DALMATIAN TOADFLAX; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; PLANT VOLATILES; COMMON TOADFLAX AB To date, eight exotic toadflax-feeding insect species have been accidentally or intentionally introduced to North America. Reports on their establishment and impact have been recorded for more than 60 years. Environmental risks linked to biological control of toadflax were identified in terms of host resources and undesirable impacts on the target species through the critical review of this record. Data gaps revealed during this retrospective analysis are addressed through suggestions for future research and associated experimental methodologies. Known and potential impacts of toadflax-feeding insects on both invasive toadflax and non-target species are examined. Recent programmatic demands for demonstrated agent efficacy and stringent host selectivity during the prerelease screening process clearly illustrate that classical biological control of invasive toadflax in North America is progressing beyond the so-called lottery approach. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sing, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn,1648 S 7th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ssing@fs.fed.us NR 143 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.08.004 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800011 ER PT J AU Pearson, DE Callaway, RM AF Pearson, DE Callaway, RM TI Indirect nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents: Implications for biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE biological control; nontarget effects; host specificity; indirect effects; efficacy; natural enemies; multiple release approach; lottery approach; Peromyscus maniculatus; Centaurea maculosa; Agapeta zoegana ID COLEOPHORA-PARTHENICA LEPIDOPTERA; CALMARIENSIS L. COLEOPTERA; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; MACULOSA LAM COMPOSITAE; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; BIOTIC INTERFERENCE; PLANT COMPETITION; RUSSIAN THISTLE; ROOT HERBIVORY AB Classical biological control of weeds currently operates under the assumption that biological control agents are safe (i.e., low risk) if they do not directly attack nontarget species. However, recent studies indicate that even highly host-specific biological control agents can impact nontarget species through indirect effects. This finding has profound implications for biological control. To better understand the causes of these interactions and their implications, we evaluate recent case studies of indirect nontarget effects of biological control agents in the context of theoretical work in community ecology. We find that although particular indirect nontarget effects are extremely difficult to predict, all indirect nontarget effects of host specific biological control agents derive from the nature and strength of the interaction between the biological control agent and the pest. Additionally, recent theoretical work suggests that the degree of impact of a biological control agent on nontarget species is proportional to the agent's abundance, which will be highest for moderately successful control agents. Therefore, the key to safeguarding against indirect nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents is to ensure the biological control agents are not only host specific, but also efficacious. Biological control agents that greatly reduce their target species while remaining host-specific will reduce their own populations through density-dependent feedbacks that minimize risks to nontarget species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us NR 92 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.011 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800012 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS D'Antonio, CM AF Denslow, JS D'Antonio, CM TI After biocontrol: Assessing indirect effects of insect releases SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE direct effects; invasive plants; nontarget impacts; target plants; vegetation management; post-release assessments ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WATER LETTUCE; SOUTH-AFRICA; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; PISTIA-STRATIOTES; SENECIO-JACOBAEA AB Development of biological control agents for weeds has been motivated by the need to reduce the abundance and distribution Of a pest plant where chemical and mechanical control were not cost effective. Primary objectives have been direct reduction in abundance of the target and, secondarily, the increase of desirable species. Recently, wildland weeds have become a focus of biological control projects. Here, desired outcomes include both reduction of the target and indirect effects of increased diversity and abundance of native species and restoration of ecosystem services. However., goals and benefits of biocontrol programs are not always well-articulated and direct and indirect impacts are not easily predicted. We evaluated the extent to which several Successful biological control projects for weeds of rangelands and waterways measured indirect impacts on invaded ecosystems. We also examined biocontrol of a wildland pest tree for which the principal objective is restoration or ecosystem services. We found few quantitative assessments of the impacts of pest plant reduction on community composition or ecosystem processes. All examples documented variation in the impacts of agent(s) across the invasive range of the target plant as well as variation in impacts on the invaded ecosystem. However, without appropriate quantitative information, we cannot evaluate site characteristics that may influence vegetation responses. Most Successful weed management programs integrated the use of biocontrol agents with other weed management strategies, especially modifications of disturbance and competing vegetation. Discussion and evaluation of responses of nontarget species would improve our understanding of the context-specificity Of Outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.02.008 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800014 ER PT J AU Delfosse, ES AF Delfosse, ES TI Risk and ethics in biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds CY JAN, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE biological control; risk analysis; hazard; exposure; risk perception; risk assessment; ethics ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; CONTROL AGENTS; UNCERTAINTY; WEEDS; BIOCONTROL; POLICY AB All introduced natural enemies present a degree of risk to nontarget species. Since most biological control programs use relatively host-specific natural enemies, the risk to nontarget species is generally very low, particularly from biological control of weeds, which uses extensively tested and validated host-specifi city testing procedures to predict risk. However, many of the published comments about risks of biological control are superficial or misleading, often inappropriately lumping risk from all taxa of agents as "the risk of biological control," and ignore the potential benefits, rather than dealing with species-by-species risk and benefits. Particularly confounding accurate predictions is the common mixing of parameters of hazard and exposure in discussions of risk. In this paper, traditional risk analysis techniques are discussed and adapted for biological control. How people perceive risk is the key to understanding their attitude to risk. Some of the criticisms of biological control relating to inadequate post-release monitoring are valid and the ethical responsibilities of biological control scientists in this area are also discussed. Biological control scientists should address objectively the criticisms of biological control, continue to review and adjust current host-specificity testing procedures and make appropriate changes. This process will result in better science, ultimately delivering more focused programs, and altering the perception of risk from biological control agents by objective observers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Program Leader Weed Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delfosse, ES (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Program Leader Weed Sci, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM esd@ars.usda.gov NR 95 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.009 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 988QW UT WOS:000233616800015 ER PT J AU Sipes, SD Tepedino, VJ AF Sipes, SD Tepedino, VJ TI Pollen-host specificity and evolutionary patterns of host switching in a clade of specialist bees (Apoidea : Diadasia) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diet breadth; Emphorini; host choice; oligolecty; pollination character evolution ID EXAPTATIONS LINK EVOLUTION; PLANT SPECIALIZATION; SOLITARY BEES; ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NESTING BIOLOGY; HYMENOPTERA; ANTHOPHORIDAE; GENUS AB We examined the levels of pollen-host specificity in North American Diadasia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), a clade of specialist bees. We analysed the scopal pollen loads of 409 individuals representing 25 of the 30 species of Diadasia that occur in North America. Each Diadasia species showed a preference for one of five plant families. However, the 25 species varied in their level of host specificity: the average percentage by volume of the preferred host in pollen loads ranged from > 99% to < 75%. In 17 of the 25 species, all or most individuals examined contained pure loads of one host taxon, while in eight species individuals were less specialized and carried mixtures of several unrelated host taxa. Mapping these host preferences onto a phylogenetic tree indicated that Malvaceae is the most likely ancestral host for the genus, and use of other hosts can be explained by a single switch to each of the other four host-plant families. Thus, most speciation events were not associated with a host switch; this pattern does not support host switching as a niche partitioning strategy to avoid competition. Diadasia species are more likely to use host-plant families that are used by other Diadasia and Emphorine bees; however, there was no evidence of residual adaptation to ancestral hosts. Diet breadth appears to be a labile trait: transitions from narrower to broader host use, as well as vice versa, were observed. The observed patterns of host-use evolution may be driven, in part, by host morphology and/or chemistry. (c) 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 86, 487-505. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sipes, SD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM ssipes@plant.siu.edu NR 93 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 487 EP 505 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00544.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 988SO UT WOS:000233621200006 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL AF Suarez, DL TI Overview of avian influenza DIVA test strategies SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Marker Vaccines and Differential Diagnostic Tests in Disease Control and Eradication CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Ames, IA SP Int Assoc Biol DE avian influenza; vaccination; DIVA; NS1; hemagglutinin; neuraminidase; antigenic drift ID VACCINATED ANIMALS STRATEGY; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; A VIRUS; TURKEYS; H5; RECOMBINANT; INFECTION; NS1 AB The use of vaccination in poultry to control avian influenza has been increasing in recent years. Vaccination has been primarily with killed whole virus-adjuvanted vaccines. Proper vaccination can reduce or prevent clinical signs, reduce virus shedding in infected birds, and increase the resistance to infection. Historically, one limitation of the killed vaccines is that vaccinated birds cannot be differentiated serologically from naturally infected birds using the commonly available diagnostic tests. Therefore, surveillance for avian influenza becomes much more difficult and often results in trade restrictions because of the inability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Several different DIVA strategies have been proposed for avian influenza to overcome this limitation. The most common is the use of unvaccinated sentinels. A second approach is the use of subunit vaccines targeted to the hemagglutinin protein that allows serologic surveillance to the internal proteins. A third strategy is to vaccinate with a homologous hemagglutinin to the circulating field strain, but a heterologous neuraminidase subtype. Serologic surveillance can then be performed for the homologous NA subtype as evidence of natural infection. The fourth strategy is to measure the serologic response to the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The NS1 protein is produced in large quantities in infected cells, but it is not packaged in the virion. Since killed vaccines for influenza are primarily made with whole virions, a differential antibody response can be seen between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. However, poultry vaccines are not highly purified, and they contain small amounts of the NS1 protein. Although vaccinated chickens will produce low levels of antibody to the NS1 protein, virus infected chickens will produce higher levels of NS1 antibody, and the two groups can be differentiated. All four DIVA strategies have advantages and disadvantages. and further testing is needed to identify the best strategy to make vaccination a more viable option for avian influenza. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Association for Biologicals. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 19 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.08.003 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 996BH UT WOS:000234148900006 PM 16257543 ER PT J AU Grubman, MJ AF Grubman, MJ TI Development of novel strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: Marker vaccines and antivirals SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Marker Vaccines and Differential Diagnostic Tests in Disease Control and Eradication CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Ames, IA SP Int Assoc Biol DE foot-and-mouth disease; empty capsids; vaccines; antivirals; adenovirus; interferon ID VIRUS CAPSID PROTEINS; PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS; PARTIAL PROTECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EMPTY PARTICLES; SUBUNIT VACCINE; VIRAL PROTEIN AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is economically the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. The disease is highly contagious and FMD virus (FMDV) replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. Outbreaks in previously FMD-free countries, including Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and Uruguay, and the potential use of FMDV by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit disease spread. The current vaccine, an inactivated whole virus preparation, has a number of limitations for use in outbreaks in disease-free countries. We have developed an alternative approach using a genetically engineered FMD subunit vaccine that only contains the portions of the viral genome required for virus capsid assembly and lacks the coding region for most of the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins including the highly immunogenic 3D protein. Thus, animals inoculated with this marker vaccine can readily be differentiated from infected animals using diagnostic assays employing the NS proteins not present in the vaccine and production of this vaccine, which does not contain infectious FMDV, does not require expensive high-containment manufacturing facilities. One inoculation of this subunit vaccine delivered in a replication-defective human adenovirus vector can induce rapid, within 7 days, and relatively long-lasting protection in swine. Similarly cattle inoculated with one dose of this recombinant vector are rapidly protected from direct and contact exposure to virulent virus. Furthermore, cattle given two doses of this vaccine developed high levels of FMDV-specific neutralizing antibodies, but did not develop antibodies against viral NS proteins demonstrating the ability of FMD subunit vaccinated animals to be differentiated from infected animals. To stimulate early protection prior to the vaccine-induced adaptive immune response we inoculated swine with the antiviral agent, type I interferon, and induced complete protection within 1 day. Protection can last for 3-5 days. The combination of the FMD marker vaccine and type I interferon can induce immediate, within 1 day, and long-lasting protection against FMD. Thus, this combination approach successfully addresses a number of concerns of FMD-free countries with the current disease control plan. By rapidly limiting virus replication and spread this strategy may reduce the number of animals that need to be slaughtered during an outbreak. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Association for Biologicals. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mgrubman@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.08.009 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 996BH UT WOS:000234148900007 PM 16289996 ER PT J AU Foley, PL Hill, RE AF Foley, PL Hill, RE TI Regulatory considerations for marker vaccines and diagnostic tests in the US SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Marker Vaccines and Differential Diagnostic Tests in Disease Control and Eradication CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Ames, IA SP Int Assoc Biol DE veterinary; marker; vaccine; diagnostic; regulatory; disease; licensing ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; ANIMALS STRATEGY; SWINE; EFFICACY; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; DISEASE AB Marker vaccines and diagnostic tests can prove to be invaluable in disease eradication and control programs, as was found in the pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease) virus eradication program in the U.S. During that campaign, numerous gene-deleted Vaccines and companion diagnostic test kits were used to differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals, in a strategy that ultimately led to eradication of the disease in commercial swine herds. The United States Department of Agriculture played a key role in delivery of that success by developing biologics policy, evaluating each product, and ensuring that the conditions of licensure were met. What was most critical in the overall eradication effort, however, was the detailed and dedicated interaction among key players: the biologics regulators, manufacturers, Federal, State, and local regulatory partners, veterinary researchers, industry associations, and animal owners. A good disease control program has to include all of these. The regulatory requirements for licensure of marker vaccines and diagnostic test kits are not different from that for other products. There are several mechanisms for vaccine approval, some more rapid than others, but only a few that could apply to these products. Generally, the platforms that might support marker vaccines and companion diagnostic kits are those based on genetic engineering or protein manipulation. If the product is derived from the application of biotechnology, then additional regulatory considerations are applicable. Most important of these are the considerations found in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), wherein deliberate release of any organism containing recombinant DNA into the environment is subject to review and approval by appropriate federal agencies. Environmental release and NEPA compliance are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Association for Biologicals. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Foley, PL (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 510 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM patricia.l.foley@aphis.usda.gov; rick.e.hill@aphis.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.08.010 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 996BH UT WOS:000234148900011 PM 16257538 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Torres, DT Lawrence, NA George, J Parlow, AF Lee, AV Fiorotto, ML AF Hadsell, DL Torres, DT Lawrence, NA George, J Parlow, AF Lee, AV Fiorotto, ML TI Overexpression of des(1-3) insulin-like growth factor 1 in the mammary glands of transgenic mice delays the loss of milk production with prolonged lactation SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor receptor; kinases; lactation; mechanisms of hormone action; prolactin; persistence; transgenic ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ONCE-DAILY MILKING; IGF-I; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; EXTENDED LACTATION; RECEPTOR-BINDING; CELL-POPULATION; SERUM PROLACTIN; DAIRY ANIMALS; FEMALE RATS AB During prolonged lactation, the mammary gland gradually loses the capacity to produce milk. In agricultural species, this decline can be slowed by administration of exogenous growth hormone (GH), which is believed to act through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Our previous work demonstrated delayed natural mammary gland involution in des(1-3)IGF1-overexpressing transgenic mice (Tg[Wap-des{1-3}IGF1]8266 Jmr), hereafter referred to as WAP-DES mice. The present study tested the hypothesis that overexpressed des(1-3)IGF1 would delay the loss of milk production during prolonged lactation. Accordingly, we examined lactational performance in WAP-DES mice by artificially prolonging lactation with continual litter cross-fostering. Over time, lactational capacity and mammary development declined in both WAP-DES and control mice. However, the rate of decline was 40% slower in WAP-DES mice. Mammary cell apoptosis increased by 3-fold in both groups during prolonged lactation but was not different between genotypes. Plasma concentrations of murine IGF1 were decreased in WAP-DES mice, while those of the transgenic human IGF1 were elevated during prolonged lactation. Phosphorylation of the mammary IGF1 receptor was increased in the WAP-DES mice, but only during prolonged lactation. Plasma prolactin decreased with prolonged lactation in nontransgenic mice but remained high in WAP-DES mice. The WAP-DES mice maintained a higher body mass and a greater lean body mass during prolonged lactation. These data support the conclusion that overexpressed des(13)IGF1 enhanced milk synthesis and mammary development during prolonged lactation through localized and direct activation of the mammary gland IGF1 receptor and through systemic effects on prolactin secretion and possibly nutrient balance. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Cty Harbor Med Ctr, Natl Hormone Peptide Program, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94118]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52197] NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1125 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.105.043992 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 988GM UT WOS:000233580700006 PM 16079306 ER PT J AU Lacerda, SHD Ingber, B Rosenzweig, N AF Lacerda, SHD Ingber, B Rosenzweig, N TI Structure-release rate correlation in collagen gels containing fluorescent drug analog SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE collagen; EDAC; cross linking; drug delivery; chondroitin-6-sulfate; collagenase ID CROSS-LINKING AGENTS; DELIVERY; MATRICES; GROWTH; KERATINOCYTES; FIBROBLASTS; DEGRADATION; DIFFUSION; DIAMINES AB The paper examines the release properties of collagen gels that contain covalently bound fluorescent drug analogs. Collagen gels were prepared by fibrilogenesis. The gels were stabilized by cross linking with EDAC/NHS. SEM studies showed that increasing the cross-linking time with EDAC/NHS resulted in decreasing pore size and increasing gel density. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements showed a clear correlation between decreasing pore size and increasing gel density, and lower release rate from the gels. Additives like chondrotitin-6-sulfate (CS) and amino acids altered the release properties of the cross-linked collagen gels. CS increased the stability of collagen gels to enzymatic degradation and non-enzymatic degradation. This was attributed to increasing gel rigidity due to carbohydrate-protein interactions. The amino acid lysine increased the stability of collagen gels which was attributed to increasing cross-linking level between the collagen fibrils and the primary amine group on the lysine side chain. The amino acid histidine decreased the stability of the gels, particularly to non-enzymatic degradation. These results correlated with increasing pore size following treatment with histidine. Our study shows, for the first time, a clear correlation between structure and release properties of collagen gels. It describes in detail the effect of additives on the structural and release properties of collagen gels. The study focused on gels that were prepared through fibrillogenesis and were therefore similar in structure to native collagen. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, AMRI, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rosenzweig, N (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, AMRI, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM nrosenzw@uno.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 34 BP 7164 EP 7172 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.032 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 957CW UT WOS:000231348000038 ER PT J AU Shier, WT Lao, YB Steele, TWJ Abbas, HK AF Shier, WT Lao, YB Steele, TWJ Abbas, HK TI Yellow pigments used in rapid identification of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus strains are anthraquinones associated with the aflatoxin blosynthetic pathway SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Apergillus flavus; anthraquinone pigment; aflatoxigenicity test; biosynthetic intermediates ID VERSICOLORIN-A; UNITED-STATES; FLAVUS; CONTAMINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SOIL; POPULATIONS; MISSISSIPPI; PARASITICUS; REDUCTION AB Studies on biological control of aflatoxin production in crops by pre-infection with non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains have created a need for improved methods to screen isolates for aflatoxigenicity. We have evaluated two empirical aflatoxigenicity tests: (i) yellow pigment production, and (ii) the appearance of a plum-red color in colonies exposed to ammonium hydroxide vapor. Yellow pigments from aflatoxigenic A. flavus were shown to function as pH indicator dyes. Seven pigments representing most of the pigmentation in extracts have been isolated using color changes when chromatography spots were exposed to ammonium hydroxide vapor to guide fractionation. Their structures have been shown to be norsolorinic acid, averantin, averufin, versicolorin C, versicolorin A, versicolorin A hemiacetal and nidurufin, all of which are known anthraquinone pigments on, or associated with, the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus spp. Thus, the basis of both empirical tests for aflatoxigenicity is detecting production of excess aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shier, WT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM shier001@umn.edu RI Steele, Terry/B-7162-2012 OI Steele, Terry/0000-0001-8596-9619 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 426 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2005.09.002 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 993GZ UT WOS:000233943900002 PM 16260026 ER PT J AU Van Bloem, SJ Murphy, PG Lugo, AE Ostertag, R Costa, MR Bernard, IR Colon, SM Mora, MC AF Van Bloem, SJ Murphy, PG Lugo, AE Ostertag, R Costa, MR Bernard, IR Colon, SM Mora, MC TI The influence of hurricane winds on Caribbean dry forest structure and nutrient pools SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; disturbance; forest structure; hurricane; litterfall; mortality; nutrients; Puerto Rico; subtropical dry forest; wind ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; SUBTROPICAL WET; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; EVERGREEN FOREST; TREE MORTALITY; WEST-INDIES; DAMAGE; IMPACT AB In 1998, we measured the effects of Hurricane Georges after it passed over long-term research sites in Puerto Rican dry forest. Our primary objectives were to quantify hurricane effects oil forest structure, to compare effects in a large tract of forest versus a series of nearby forest fragments, to evaluate short-term response 10 hurricane disturbance in terms of mortality and sprouting, and to assess the ability of hurricanes to maintain forest structure. We sampled damage from 33 plot's (1.3 ha) across a 3000-ha tract of forest as well as in 19 fragments. For steins with 2.5-cm minimum diameter, 1004 sterns/ha (12.4%) suffered Structural damage, while 69 percent of the undamaged steins were at least 50 percent defoliated. Basal area lost 10 Structural damage equaled 4.0 m(2)/ha (22%) in south-facing native forests. Structural damage and defoliation increased with stern diameter and were more common in certain dry forest species. South-Facing forests and those on ridgetops incurred more damage than north-facing forests or chose comprised primarily of introduced species. Stein mortatity was only 2 percent of all steins after 9 me. Structural damage did not necessarily result in stern mortality Hurricane-induced mortality was not associated with stem height or diameter, but was ten times greater than background mortality. Basal sprouting was proportional to the amount of structural damage incurred in a stand. Forest fragments experienced the same patterns of hurricane effects as the reference forest. The low, dense structure of Caribbean dry forest can be maintained by hurricane damage to larger steins and induction of basal sprouting to generate multistemmed trees. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Puerto Rico, Ctr Invest Cient Rev Tosello Giangiacomo, Ponce, PR 00717 USA. Dept Recursos Nat & Ambientales, Bosque Seco Guanica, Guanica, PR 00653 USA. RP Van Bloem, SJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Suelos, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM svanbloem@uprm.edu RI Van Bloem, Skip/A-5109-2010; Van Bloem, Skip/C-5315-2016 OI Van Bloem, Skip/0000-0001-7165-6646 NR 70 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00074.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990TT UT WOS:000233766800009 ER PT J AU Keele, JW Wray, JE AF Keele, JW Wray, JE TI Software agents in molecular computational biology SO BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE software agents; computational biology; bioinformatics; data integrations; artificial intelligence; integration ID GENERATION; PROTEIN AB Progress made in applying agent systems to molecular computational biology is reviewed and strategies by which to exploit agent technology to greater advantage are investigated. Communities of software agents could play an important role in helping genome scientists design reagents for future research. The advent of genome sequencing in cattle and swine increases the complexity of data analysis required to conduct research in livestock genomics. Databases are always expanding and semantic differences among data are common. Agent platforms have been developed to deal with generic issues such as agent communication, life cycle management and advertisement of services (white and yellow pages). This frees computational biologists from the drudgery of having to re-invent the wheel on these common chores, giving them more time to focus on biology and bioinformatics. Agent platforms that comply with the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) standards are able to interoperate. In other words, agents developed on different platforms can communicate and cooperate with one another if domain-specific higher-level communication protocol details are agreed upon between different agent developers. Many software agent platforms are peer-to-peer, which means that even if some of the agents and data repositories are temporarily unavailable, a subset of the goals of the system can still be met. Past use of software agents in bioinformatics indicates that an agent approach should prove fruitful. Examination of current problems in bioinformatics indicates that existing agent platforms should be adaptable to novel situations. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Keele, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM keele@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HENRY STEWART PUBLICATIONS PI LONDON PA RUSSELL HOUSE, 28/30 LITTLE RUSSELL ST, LONDON WC1A 2HN, ENGLAND SN 1467-5463 J9 BRIEF BIOINFORM JI Brief. Bioinform. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 4 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.1093/bib/6.4.370 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 002DY UT WOS:000234592900007 PM 16420735 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Castle, S Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC AF Prabhaker, N Castle, S Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC TI Assessment of cross-resistance potential to neonicotinoid insecticides in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE whiteflies; imidacloprid resistance; acetamiprid; dinotefuran; thiamethoxam ID EVOLUTION; HOMOPTERA AB Laboratory bioassays were carried out with four neonicotinoid insecticides on multiple strains of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) to evaluate resistance and cross-resistance patterns. Three imidacloprid-resistant strains and field populations from three different locations in the southwestern USA were compared in systemic uptake bioassays with acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. An imidacloprid-resistant strain (IM-R) with 120-fold resistance originally collected from Imperial Valley, California, did not show cross-resistance to acetamiprid, dinotefuran or thiamethoxam. The Guatemala-resistant strain (GU-R) that was also highly resistant to imidacloprid (RR=109-fold) showed low levels of cross-resistance when bioassayed with acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. However, dinotefuran was more toxic than either imidacloprid or thiamethoxam to both IM-R and GU-R strains as indicated by low LC(50)s. By contrast, a Q-biotype Spanish-resistant strain (SQ-R) of B. tabaci highly resistant to imidacloprid demonstrated high cross-resistance to the two related neonicotinoids. Field populations from Imperial Valley (California), Maricopa and Yuma (Arizona), showed variable susceptibility to imidacloprid (LC(50)s ranging from 3.39 to 115 mu g ml(-1)) but did not exhibit cross-resistance to the three neonicotinoids suggesting that all three compounds would be effective in managing whiteflies. Yuma populations were the most susceptible to imidacloprid. Dinotefuran was the most toxic of the four neonicotinoids against field populations. Although differences in binding at the target site and metabolic pathways may influence the variability in cross-resistance patterns among whitefly populations, comparison of whitefly responses from various geographic regions to the four neonicotinoids indicates the importance of ecological and operational factors on development of cross-resistance to the neonicotinoids. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM nilima.castle@ucr.edu NR 25 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 12 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1079/BER2005385 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 991PJ UT WOS:000233825600005 PM 16336702 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Naranjo, SE Bi, JL Byrne, FJ Toscano, NC AF Castle, SJ Naranjo, SE Bi, JL Byrne, FJ Toscano, NC TI Phenology and demography of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) in southern California citrus and implications for management SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE citrus; USA; Homalodisca coagulata; imidacloprid; control; seasonal dynamics; sex ratio; phenology ID LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; INSECT PHENOLOGY; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT; IPM AB Populations of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) were sampled from citrus orchards in southern California, USA to characterize and quantify seasonal occurrences of nymphs and adults with the goal of identifying management opportunities through well-timed treatments and/or natural enemy releases. Higher densities of H. coagulata in 2001 contributed to a complete seasonal profile that began in early spring with the emergence of first instar nymphs and their progression through five nymphal instars lasting until mid-August. Adult emergence began in mid-June with peak adult densities attained from mid to late August followed by a gradual decline through autumn. A persistent and significant male bias was observed in the adult sex ratio from the time of first emergence through mid-October in oranges; the same trend was present in lemons, but with more variability. Adult densities gradually declined through the winter months into the following spring before rapidly increasing again in June as the 2002 spring generation of nymphs began emerging as adults. The seasonal timing of nymphs and adults in 2002 was nearly identical to that observed the previous year. Phenology data from both years were incorporated into a stochastic, temperature-dependent model that predicts the occurrences of H. coagulata stages through time. Applications of imidacloprid early in the spring generation of nymphs proved very effective at reducing nymphs and sustaining lower densities of adults through summer. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM scastle@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 621 EP 634 DI 10.1079/BER2005394 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 991PJ UT WOS:000233825600013 PM 16336710 ER PT J AU Garrison, BA Wachs, RL Triggs, ML AF Garrison, BA Wachs, RL Triggs, ML TI Responses of forest squirrels to group-selection timber harvesting in the central Sierra Nevada SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; TAMIASCIURUS-DOUGLASII; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; SMALL MAMMALS; FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; DESIGNS; STANDS AB Responses of Douglas' squirrels, Tamiasciurus douglasii, and western gray squirrels, Sciurus griseus, to group-selection timber harvesting were studied between 1995-2002 using point counts at four 21.2-ha stands in the central Sierra Nevada, California. Each stand had paired and adjacent 10.6-ha treatment and control plots, and four 0.6-ha group-selection harvest units were randomly placed and harvested in each treatment plot in 1998 and 1999. Effects were assessed using the Before-After/Control-Impact-Pairs (BACIP) design. The harvest reduced (P < 0.05) tree basal area (m(2)/ha) and density (#/ha) by approximately 30% and snag density by approximately 45% within treatment stands. Douglas' squirrel populations differed among stands (P < 0.001) and among treatment and control plots nested within stands (P < 0.079). Douglas' squirrel populations were variously affected in the treatment plots during the post-treatment period because there was interaction (P < 0.065) between the stands and treatment period. Between-plot differences in Douglas' squirrel abundance varied among stands (P = 0.002) and there were greater post-treatment population declines (P = 0.095) in the control plots than treatment plots. These changes for Douglas' squirrels were not biologically significant because 90% confidence intervals overlapped for abundances and between-plot differences even though the mean difference from the post-treatment period differed by > 100% from the pre-treatment period. Populations of western gray squirrels did not vary (P > 0.229) among stands, plots, or treatment periods. There were equivalent between-plot differences for western gray squirrels between treatment periods (P > 0.142). There were no significant relationships with acorn crops for either squirrel for any population measure (P > 0.340). We concluded that the group-selection harvesting had generally neutral effects to Douglas' squirrels and western gray squirrels due to the relatively small scale of ground and forest stand disturbance, relatively large amounts of unharvested adjacent forest, and retention of habitat attributes including oaks, Quercus spp., and pines, Pinus spp. Populations of these squirrels should be maintained in comparable habitat conditions when similarly implemented group-selection harvesting is done in the central Sierra Nevada. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento Valley Cent Sierra Reg, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. Foresthill Ranger Dist, US Forest Serv, Foresthill, CA 95631 USA. RP Garrison, BA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento Valley Cent Sierra Reg, 1701 Nimbus Rd, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM bgarrison@dfg.ca.gov; rwachs@hotmail.com; mtriggs@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 886OJ UT WOS:000226237900001 ER PT J AU Joyce, C Deneau, A Peterson, K Ockenden, I Raboy, V Lott, JNA AF Joyce, C Deneau, A Peterson, K Ockenden, I Raboy, V Lott, JNA TI The concentrations and distributions of phytic acid phosphorus and other mineral nutrients in wild-type and low phytic acid Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain parts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Inorganic Carbon Utilization by Aquatic Photosynthetic Organisms CY AUG 24-28, 2004 CL St Sauveur, CANADA SP Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Canadian Soc Plant Physiologists DE inositol phosphates; low phytic acid; phosphorus; Triticum aestivum; wheat; grains ID CUCURBITA-MAXIMA; ELEMENT COMPOSITION; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; SEED PHOSPHORUS; PROTEIN BODIES; PHYTATE; PHENOTYPE; GLOBOIDS; RICE; COTYLEDONS AB Concentrations of P, phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), and other mineral storage elements were studied in wild-type and low phytic acid (lpa) genotype Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos and rest-of-grain fractions. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images revealed a decreased average size and an increased number of aleurone layer globoids in lpa grains compared with the wild type. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of unfixed aleurone layer and scutellum cell cytoplasm revealed mainly C, O, P, K, and Mg in both grain types. The starchy endosperm contained virtually no P, K, or Mg, demonstrating no shift of mineral nutrients to that compartment. Scanning transmission electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of scutellum and aleurone layer globoids in both genotypes revealed that P, K, and Mg were the main mineral nutrients in globoids with low amounts of Ca, Fe, and Zn. Traces of Mn were only in scutellum globoids. Total P was similar between genotypes for the rest-of-grain fractions, which are 97% of grain mass. The main inositol phosphate was IP6, but a small amount of IP5 was present. Both lpa grain fractions exhibited major reductions in IP6 compared with the wild type and a threefold increase in inorganic P. The concentration of K decreased in both fractions, while Ca increased 25% in the Js-12-LPA rest-of-grain compared with the wild type. The lack of large differences in mineral concentration and distribution between the wild type and Js-12-LPA indicates that there is no direct role of localization of IP6 synthesis in mineral distribution. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Lott, JNA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM lott@mcmaster.ca NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1599 EP 1607 DI 10.1139/b05-128 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 039LI UT WOS:000237306700008 ER PT J AU Kenning, RS Ducey, MJ Brissette, JC Gove, JH AF Kenning, RS Ducey, MJ Brissette, JC Gove, JH TI Field efficiency and bias of snag inventory methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLOT SIZE; DISTANCE; DENSITY; NEIGHBOR AB Snags and cavity trees are important components of forests, but can be difficult to inventory precisely and are not always included in inventories because of limited resources. We tested the application of N-tree distance sampling as a time-saving snag sampling method and compared N-tree distance sampling to fixed-area sampling and modified horizontal line sampling in mixed pine-hardwood forests of southern Maine and New Hampshire. We also present a novel modification of N-tree distance sampling that limits the distance from plot center that an observer must search to find tally trees. A field test shows N-tree to be quick, but generally biased and characterized by high variability. Distance-limited N-tree sampling mitigates these problems, but not completely. We give recommendations for operational snag inventory in similar forest types. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2900 EP 2910 DI 10.1139/X05-207 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000014 ER PT J AU Goodman, RC Jacobs, DF Karrfalt, RP AF Goodman, RC Jacobs, DF Karrfalt, RP TI Evaluating desiccation sensitivity of Quercus rubra acorns using X-ray image analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SEEDS; STORAGE; CONSERVATION; TOLERANCE; VIABILITY; INDIANA; WATER AB Desiccation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) acorns can impact seed viability. We examined use of X-ray image analysis of cotyledon damage in dried acorns to predict germination capacity and seedling vigor. Acorns collected from five half-sib sources were X-rayed before and after drying to one of four moisture content (MC) levels (30%, 25%, 20%, or 15%) or maintained as nondesiccated controls (35%-38% MC). X-ray images were scored qualitatively according to degree of cotyledon-cotyledon and cotyledon-pericarp separation. Following sowing, acorns were evaluated for number of days to reach each of three developmental stages (emergence of radicle, epicotyl, and first leaf flush) and growth for 80 d. Both MC and family significantly affected all variables. The percentage of acorns to reach each developmental stage, as well as final height and root-collar diameter declined with decreasing MC and dropped most notably between 20% and 15% MC. X-ray separation scores more effectively predicted the percentage of acorns to reach each of the first three developmental stages than MC level (R-2 = 0.49-0.63 vs. 0.40-0.59). Our results confirm the recalcitrant nature of northern red oak acorns and demonstrate the potential of X-ray image analysis to provide a rapid and nondestructive means to successful predict acorn viability. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Natl Tree Seed Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Jacobs, DF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM djacobs@purdue.edu NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2823 EP 2831 DI 10.1139/X05-209 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000007 ER PT J AU Lentile, LB Smith, FW Shepperd, WD AF Lentile, LB Smith, FW Shepperd, WD TI Patch structure, fire-scar formation, and tree regeneration in a large mixed-severity fire in the South Dakota Black Hills, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; CENTRAL COLORADO; HISTORY; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; REGIMES; OREGON; HETEROGENEITY; CALIFORNIA AB We compared patch structure, fire-scar formation, and seedling regeneration in patches of low, moderate, and high burn severity following the large (similar to 34 000 ha) Jasper fire of 2000 that occurred in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) forests of the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. This fire created a patchy mosaic of effects, where 25% of the landscape burned as low, 48% as moderate, and 27% as high severity. Dead cambium on a significant portion of tree circumference in a tree with live cambium and a vigorous crown was taken as evidence of incipient fire-scar formation. Tree mortality was approximately 21%, 52%, and 100% in areas of low, moderate, and high burn severity, respectively. Dead cambium was detected on approximately 24% and 44% of surviving trees in low and moderate burn severity patches, respectively. Three years postfire, regeneration densities were similar to 612 and 450 seedlings(.)ha(-1) in low and moderate burn severity patches, respectively, and no regeneration was observed in the interior of high burn severity patches. Fire-scars will be found on 73% of the area burned in this fire, and large patches of multicohort forest will be created. Mixed-severity fire may have been common historically in the Black Hills, and in conjunction with frequent surface fire, played an important role in shaping a spatially heterogeneous, multicohort ponderosa pine forest. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lentile, LB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lentile@uidaho.edu NR 88 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2875 EP 2885 DI 10.1139/X05-205 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000012 ER PT J AU Dumroese, RK Page-Dumroese, DS Salifu, KF Jacobs, DF AF Dumroese, RK Page-Dumroese, DS Salifu, KF Jacobs, DF TI Exponential fertilization of Pinus monticola seedlings: nutrient uptake efficiency, leaching fractions, and early outplanting performance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS AB We evaluated nutrient uptake efficiency and subsequent leaching fractions for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings grown with exponentially increasing or conventional (constant) fertilization in a greenhouse. Conventional fertilization was associated with higher leachate electrical conductivity and greater nutrient losses, which were more pronounced for the more mobile NO3-N than for NH4-N. Exponential fertilization increased seedling nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency (75%), which helped reduce leaching losses compared to conventional fertilization (50%). Although exponentially fertilized plants received 45% less fertilizer (20 mg N(.)plant(-1)) during the establishment and accelerated growth phases compared with conventional cohorts (36 mg N(.)plant(-1)), seedling morphological characteristics and nutrient status were similar at the end of greenhouse culture and after 2 years of growth in the field, except that exponential fertilization increased root volume after the first year and also increased ectomycorrhizal colonization. Reduction of applied fertilizer quantities and enhanced fertilizer uptake efficiency through exponential fertilization allows for production of high-quality seedlings while simultaneously minimizing fertilizer inputs and mitigating potential environmental contamination. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM kdumroese@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 31 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2961 EP 2967 DI 10.1139/X05-226 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000020 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Holden, GR Nelson, MD Liknes, GC Gormanson, DD AF McRoberts, RE Holden, GR Nelson, MD Liknes, GC Gormanson, DD TI Using satellite imagery as ancillary data for increasing the precision of estimates for the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the USDA Forest Service SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LAND-COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; VOLUME; TM AB Forest inventory programs report estimates of forest variables for areas of interest ranging in size from municipalities, to counties, to states or provinces. Because of numerous factors, sample sizes are often insufficient to estimate attributes as precisely as is desired, unless the estimation process is enhanced using ancillary data. Classified satellite imagery has been shown to be an effective source of ancillary data that, when used with stratified estimation techniques, contributes to increased precision with little corresponding increase in cost. Stratification investigations conducted by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the USDA Forest Service are reviewed, and a new approach to stratification using satellite imagery is proposed. The results indicate that precision may be substantially increased for estimates of both forest area and volume per unit area. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2968 EP 2980 DI 10.1139/X05-222 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000021 ER PT J AU Raymond, CL Peterson, DL AF Raymond, CL Peterson, DL TI Fuel treatments alter the effects of wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest, Oregon, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; CONIFER FORESTS; CROWN-FIRE; POSTFIRE SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; DAMAGE AB We had the rare opportunity to quantify the relationship between fuels and fire severity using prefire surface and canopy fuel data and fire severity data after a wildfire. The study area is a mixed-evergreen forest of southwestern Oregon with a mixed-severity fire regime. Modeled fire behavior showed that thinning reduced canopy fuels, thereby decreasing the potential for crown fire spread. The potential for crown fire initiation remained fairly constant despite reductions in ladder fuels, because thinning increased surface fuels, which contributed to greater surface fire intensity. Thinning followed by underburning reduced canopy, ladder, and surface fuels, thereby decreasing surface fire intensity and crown fire potential. However, crown fire is not a prerequisite for high fire severity; damage to and mortality of overstory trees in the wildfire were extensive despite the absence of crown fire. Mortality was most severe in thinned treatments (80%-100%), moderate in untreated stands (53%-54%), and least severe in the thinned and underburned treatment (5%). Thinned treatments had higher fine-fuel loading and more extensive crown scorch, suggesting that greater consumption of fine fuels contributed to higher tree mortality. Fuel treatments intended to minimize tree mortality will be most effective if both ladder and surface fuels are treated. C1 Univ Washington, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Raymond, CL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM clrfire@u.washington.edu NR 48 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2981 EP 2995 DI 10.1139/X05-206 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 010XK UT WOS:000235231000022 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Cleveland, TE Wedge, DE AF De Lucca, AJ Cleveland, TE Wedge, DE TI Plant-derived antifungal proteins and peptides SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE antifungal; peptides; phytopathogenic; plants; proteins ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS; WHEAT-GERM-AGGLUTININ; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; SUGAR-BEET LEAVES; RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS; POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN; WOUND-INDUCED ACCUMULATION; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; CHITIN-BINDING PROTEINS AB Plants produce potent constitutive and induced antifungal compounds to complement the structural barriers to microbial infection. Approximately 250 000 - 500 000 plant species exist, but only a few of these have been investigated for antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, a wide spectrum of compound classes have been purified and found to have antifungal properties. The commercial potential of effective plant-produced antifungal compounds remains largely unexplored. This review article presents examples of these compounds and discusses their properties. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Res Unit, SRRC, FFS, 4115 Gourrier Ave, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM adelucca@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 184 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1001 EP 1014 DI 10.1139/W05-063 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 014LY UT WOS:000235482900001 PM 16462858 ER PT J AU McAlpin, CE Wicklow, DT AF McAlpin, CE Wicklow, DT TI DNA fingerprinting analysis of Petromyces alliaceus (Aspergillus section Flavi) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus alliaceus; Circumdati; DNA probe; genotypic diversity; hybridization patterns; ochratoxin; Southern blot ID OCHRATOXIN-A; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; OCHRACEUS GROUP; PEANUT FIELD; STRAINS; PENICILLIUM; PARASITICUS; SEQUENCES; PROBE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Aspergillus flavus pAF28 DNA probe to produce DNA fingerprints for distinguishing among genotypes of Petromyces alliaceus (Aspergillus section Flavi), a fungus considered responsible for the ochratoxin A contamination that is occasionally observed in California fig orchards. P. alliaceus (14 isolates), Petromyces albertensis (one isolate), and seven species of Aspergillus section Circumdati (14 isolates) were analyzed by DNA fingerprinting using a repetitive sequence DNA probe pAF28 derived from A. flavus. The presence of hybridization bands with the DNA probe and with the P. alliacens or P. albertensis genomic DNA indicates a close relationship between A. flavus and P. alliaceus. Twelve distinct DNA fingerprint groups or genotypes were identified among the 15 isolates of Petromyces. Conspecificity of P. alliaceus and R albertensis is suggested based on DNA fingerprints. Species belonging to Aspergillus section Circumdati hybridized only slightly at the 7.0-k-b region with the repetitive DNA probe, unlike the highly polymorphic hybridization patterns obtained from P alliaceus and A. flavus, suggesting very little homology of the probe to Aspergillus section Circumdati genomic DNA. The pAF28 DNA probe offers a tool for typing and monitoring specific P alliaceus clonal populations and for estimating the genotypic diversity of P. alliaceus in orchards. vineyards, or crop fields. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wicklodt@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1044 DI 10.1139/W05-097 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 014LY UT WOS:000235482900005 PM 16462862 ER PT J AU Meyer, MD North, MP Kelt, DA AF Meyer, MD North, MP Kelt, DA TI Fungi in the diets of northern flying squirrels and lodgepole chipmunks in the Sierra Nevada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; TRUFFLE ABUNDANCE; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL-FUNGI; SPOROCARP PRODUCTION; RED SQUIRRELS; FOOD-HABITS; CONSUMPTION; MAMMALS AB The diets of a fungal specialist, northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)), and a dietary generalist, lodgepole chipmunk (Neotamias speciosus (Merriam, 1890)), were examined in the old-growth, mixed-conifer forest at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in California's southern Sierra Nevada. Spores of fungi were identified from fecal pellets collected from both species during spring and summer of 1999 through 2002. Frequency of fungi in the diets of both squirrel species was consistently high across all seasons and years of study. Overall, G. sabrinus diets contained about 30% greater richness and evenness of fungal taxa than N. speciosus diets. There were no seasonal differences in richness and evenness of fungal taxa in squirrel diets. Richness of fungal taxa in diets was positively correlated with hypogeous sporocarp biomass and rainfall from June through August for N. speciosus but not for G. sabrinus. Dietary overlap between G. sabrinus and N. speciosus was high with respect to the most frequently consumed fungal taxa, although Gautieria and Gastroboletus were consumed in greater proportions by G. sabrinus than N. speciosus. Our results indicate that in the southern Sierra Nevada both G. sabrinus and N. speciosus were frequent consumers of a similar, diverse assemblage of fungal taxa and that consumption was proportional to seasonal differences in availability. For the more strongly mycophagist G. sabrinus, however, diet had a greater proportion of select fungal taxa and avoidance of less desirable taxa. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meyer, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marcmeyer@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1589 DI 10.1139/Z05-156 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 000PH UT WOS:000234473800009 ER PT J AU Cartmel, B Bowen, D Ross, D Johnson, E Mayne, ST AF Cartmel, B Bowen, D Ross, D Johnson, E Mayne, ST TI A randomized trial of an intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake in curatively treated patients with early-stage head and neck cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SUPPLEMENTAL BETA-CAROTENE; DIETARY INTERVENTION; DECISIONAL BALANCE; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; SMOKING-CESSATION; PATTERNS; DISEASE; ADULTS; TUMORS; FAT AB The leading cause of death in patients who have had curatively treated early-stage head and neck cancer is a second primary cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (lung, esophagus, larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity cancers). Low fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with increased risk of primary head and neck cancer and the available data suggest that increasing intake following diagnosis may reduce the risk of a second primary cancer. The goal of this study was to develop and test an easily administered intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake in these patients following diagnosis and treatment. The 6-month intervention was based on the Stage of Change model. Seventy-five early-stage head and neck cancer patients were randomized to either the intervention group or to the "blinded" control group, with diet change data available on 65 patients. Fruit and vegetable intake, assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured at baseline and at the end of the study period. The change in self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables (servings per day) over the study period was significantly greater (P = 0.009) in the intervention group (n = 35; +2.1) compared with the control group (n = 30; +0.5). Total plasma carotenoids, a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake, increased by 70 nmol/L in the intervention group as compared with a reduction of 42 nmol/L in the control group, a relative difference of 12% (nonsignificant). An intervention that can be delivered in a physician's office resulted in a significant increase in intake of fruit and vegetables in early-stage head and neck cancer patients. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Canc, New Haven, CT USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cartmel, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 200 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM brenda.certmel@yale.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 74567] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2848 EP 2854 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0191 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 994UB UT WOS:000234055600005 PM 16364999 ER PT J AU Thangavel, P Sumathiral, K Karthikeyan, S Ramaswamy, M AF Thangavel, P Sumathiral, K Karthikeyan, S Ramaswamy, M TI Endocrine response of the freshwater teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) to dimecron exposure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE dimecron; endocrine response; triiodothyronine; thyroxine; cortisol; prolactin; insulin; Sarotherodon mossambicus ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; CATFISH CLARIAS-BATRACHUS; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; CORTISOL SECRETION; IN-VITRO; TILAPIA-MOSSAMBICA AB The endocrine response in a freshwater teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) under dimecron (an organophosphate pesticide) toxicity was investigated by estimating the serum levels of T-3 (triiodothyronine), T-4 (thyroxine), cortisol, prolactin and insulin in control and sub-lethal (0.001 ml l(-1)) dimecron-exposed fish for 1, 6, 12, 24 h and 5 days. In control S. mossambicus, the serum levels of T-3 ranged from 0.80 +/- 0.01 to 0.82 +/- 0.01 ng ml(-1); T-4 from 2.20 +/- 0.01 to 2.25 +/- 0.01 mu g dl(-1); cortisol from 8.30 +/- 0.03 to 8.34 +/- 0.01 mu g dl(-1); prolactin from 1.50 +/- 0.01 to 1.54 +/- 0.01 mu g ml(-1); insulin from 9.70 +/- 0.01 to 9.76 +/- 0.01 mu U ml(-1) up to a maximum period of 5 days maintained in pollutant-free tap water. Exposure of fish to sub-lethal concentration of dimecron caused varying changes in the levels of serum hormones studied. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that (i) the fish adaptively maintains a probable low metabolic rate, as indicated by the reduced levels of thyroid hormone (T-3) as well as the glucocorticoid hormone (cortisol), which could be considered advantageous for the fish to indirectly reduce the toxic impact of the pesticide, (ii) the elevated levels of prolactin in the fish under pesticide stress is indicative of a possible hydromineral regulatory effect of the hormone (probably by influencing specific organs such as gills and kidney) under pesticide toxicity, (iii) the increased insulin level in the fish under pesticide stress is indicative of its role in favouring an adaptive tissue glycogenesis besides a possible increased lipogenesis to sequester the pesticide residue thereby reducing the toxic effect of the pesticide and (iv) the prolonged exposure of the fish (for 5 days) to sub-lethal dimecron appeared to exhibit a uniform recovery response in the different hormonal levels of the fish. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bharathiar Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. Govt Arts Coll Autonomous, Dept Zool, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Thangavel, P (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NERS, 271 Mast Rd,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM thanvel@yahoo.com NR 87 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.045 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 985MF UT WOS:000233381100004 PM 15882891 ER PT J AU Wilde, EW Brigmon, RL Dunn, DL Heitkamp, MA Dagnan, DC AF Wilde, EW Brigmon, RL Dunn, DL Heitkamp, MA Dagnan, DC TI Phytoextraction of lead from firing range soil by Vetiver grass SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; Vetiver grass; soil; lead-contamination; EDTA ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; LAND AB Phytoextraction techniques utilizing a sterile strain of Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanoides) along with soil amendments were evaluated for removing lead and other elements such as Zn, Cu, and Fe from the soil of a 50-year old active firing range at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Lead-contaminated soil (300-4500 ppm/kg) was collected, dried, placed in pots, fertilized, and used as a medium for growing transplanted Vetiver grass plants in a greenhouse. The uptake of metals by the plants was evaluated in response to various fertilization and pre-harvest treatment schemes. Baseline metal concentrations in the soil of all pots were measured prior to planting and when the plants were harvested. Plants grew better when fertilized with Osmocote (R) fertilizer in comparison to plants fertilized with 10-10-10 (NPK) fertilizer. Application of a chelating agent, EDTA, one week prior to harvest significantly increased the amount of lead that was phytoextracted. Lead concentrations of up to 1390-1450 ppm/kg in tissue samples were detected. Maximum Pb levels were observed in root tissues. The addition of non-lethal doses of a slow-release herbicide in combination with EDTA did not appear to further enhance phytoextraction or the translocation of Pb into shoots. The study indicated that the use of Vetiver grass coupled with the use of chelating soil amendments has considerable potential for use as a remedial strategy for lead-contaminated soils such as those associated with firing ranges. (c) 2005 WSRC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM r03.brigmon@srs.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1457 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.059 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995CX UT WOS:000234078600008 PM 15964059 ER PT J AU Griffin, JFT Spittle, E Rodgers, CR Liggett, S Cooper, M Bakker, D Bannantine, JP AF Griffin, JFT Spittle, E Rodgers, CR Liggett, S Cooper, M Bakker, D Bannantine, JP TI Immunoglobulin G1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Johne's disease in red deer (Cervus elaphus) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; NEW-ZEALAND; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; ELISA; PROTEIN; CATTLE AB This study was designed to develop a customized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Johne's disease (JD) in farmed deer. Two antigens were selected on the basis of their superior diagnostic readouts: denatured purified protein derivative (PPDj) and undenatured protoplasmic antigen (PpAg). ELISA development was based on the antigen reactivity of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype, which is a highly specific marker for mycobacterial disease seroreactivity in deer. Sensitivity estimates and test parameters were established using 102 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected animals from more than 10 deer herds, and specificity estimates were determined using 508 uninfected animals from 5 known disease-free herds. A receiver-operated characteristic analysis determined that at a cut point of 50 ELISA units, there was a specificity of 99.5% and sensitivities of 84.0% with PPDj antigen, 88.0% with PpAg, and 91.0% when the antigens were used serially in a composite test. Estimated sensitivity was further improved using recombinant protein antigens unique for M. paratuberculosis, which identified infected animals that were unreactive to PPDj or PpAg. While 80% of animals that were seropositive in the IgG1 ELISA had detectable histopathology, the assay could also detect animals with subclinical disease. The test was significantly less sensitive (75%) for animals that were culture positive for M. paratuberculosis but with no detectable pathology than for those with pathological evidence of JD (> 90%). When the IgG1 ELISA was used annually over a 4-year period in a deer herd with high levels of clinical JD, it eliminated clinical disease, increased production levels, and reduced JD-related mortality. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, Dunedin, New Zealand. Cent Inst Anim Dis Control CIDC Lelystad, Lab Mycobacterial Infect & Brucellosis, Lelystad, Netherlands. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Griffin, JFT (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dis Res Lab, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM frank.griffin@stonebow.otago.ac.nz OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1401 EP 1409 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1401-1409.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 994WH UT WOS:000234061400008 PM 16339063 ER PT J AU McDermott, AY Terrin, N Wanke, C Skinner, S Tchetgen, E Shevitz, AH AF McDermott, AY Terrin, N Wanke, C Skinner, S Tchetgen, E Shevitz, AH TI CD4(+) cell count, viral load, and highly active antiretroviral therapy use are independent predictors of body composition alterations in HIV-infected adults: A longitudinal study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background. To understand the concurrent effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the immune system, and antiretroviral therapy on body composition alterations, we examined annualized composition changes in HIV-infected adults who were receiving stable antiretroviral therapy. Methods. With use of data from the Nutrition For Healthy Living Study, we performed multivariate analyses using longitudinal models to evaluate the relationship of CD4(+) cell count, viral load, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or antiretroviral therapy (ART) with changes in trunk and extremity composition for 110 men and 42 women who provided data relating to 194 study intervals (i.e., intervals of time between 2 assessment visits). Of these intervals, 165 involved HAART use (89.7% involved protease inhibitor-based regimens), and 29 did not involve HAART use. Patients receiving HAART or ART ( who had continuous use during the interval) were compared with HAART- or ART-naive subjects. Results. The median length of intervals between visits was 12.9 months (interquartile range, 12.1-17.6 months). In models adjusted for HAART or ART use, baseline CD4(+) cell count was positively associated with increased trunk fat ( mean increase per year, 2.3% per 100 cells/mm(3); 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-3.9%]) and, in men, with increased extremity fat (mean increase per year, 1.8% per 100 cells/mm(3); 95% CI, 0.6%-3.0%). Increase in CD4(+) cell count predicted increased extremity lean mass (mean increase per year, 0.6% per 100 cells/mm(3); 95% CI, 0.05-1.1%). Higher baseline viral load predicted fat loss ( trunk fat loss per year, -5.0% per log(10) copies/mL; 95% CI, -9.4% to -0.7%; extremity fat loss per year, -3.4% per log(10) copies/mL; 95% CI, -6.1% to -0.6%), as did zidovudine use ( trunk fat loss per year, -10.8%; 95% CI, -20.4% to -1.4%; extremity fat loss per year, -4.9%; 95% CI, -9.8% to -0.01%). HAART use independently predicted decreased bone mineral content ( extremity bone mineral content loss per year, -1.6%; 95% CI, -3.1% to -0.08%) but did not predict changes in fat or lean mass. Receipt of protease inhibitor-based HAART predicted a -1.9% decrease in extremity bone mineral content per year ( 95% CI, -3.6% to -0.2%), and zidovudine use predicted a -2.6% decrease in trunk bone mineral content per year ( 95% CI, -4.4% to -0.8%). Conclusions. Baseline viral load, CD4(+) cell count, and change in CD4(+) cell count predicted alterations in trunk fat, extremity fat, and lean mass. HAART use and zidovudine use were associated with bone loss, and zidovudine use was associated with fat loss, but HAART use was not associated with fat mass changes. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Nutr Infect Dis Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McDermott, AY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St,Rm 527, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ann.mcdermott@tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI42853]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK45734, F32 DK064512-03, P30-DK46200] NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1662 EP 1670 DI 10.1086/498022 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 980KY UT WOS:000233018600018 PM 16267741 ER PT J AU Karcher, DM McMurtry, JP Applegate, TJ AF Karcher, DM McMurtry, JP Applegate, TJ TI Developmental changes in amniotic and allantoic fluid insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II concentrations of avian embryos SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amnion; chicken; duck; insulin-like growth factors; turkey ID FACTOR-I; CHICKEN-EMBRYO; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BINDING-PROTEINS; AMINO-COMPOUNDS; SMALL-INTESTINE; FETAL SHEEP; EXPRESSION; TURKEY; EMBRYOGENESIS AB In the literature, IGFs in the developing embryo are usually determined by blood serum concentrations. For this study, IGF-I/II was quantified in the amniotic and allantoic fluids of fertile commercial broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) (n=222), Pekin duck (Anas platyrhyncha) (n = 250), and turkey (Meleagridis gallopavo) eggs (n = 200) during incubation. Amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected from embryos starting at 6 days of incubation for chickens and 8 days of incubation for ducks and turkeys. IGF concentrations within the fluids were determined by radioimmunoassay. Chicken ammotic IGF-I concentration at stage 29 of development was significantly higher (P <= 0.05) than the duck or turkey. At stage 36 of development the concentration of IGF-II in the ammotic fluid was 2.8 times greater in the chicken versus the duck (P <= 0.05) and 2 times greater than in the turkey (P <= 0.05). Within species, chicken IGF-I concentration in the amniotic fluid had a cubic trend (P <= 0.001), duck IGF-I increased linearly (P <= 0.001), and turkey concentrations declined quadratically (P <= 0.001) throughout development. In all species, the IGF-II concentration was higher than the IGF-I concentration in the amniotic and allantoic fluids. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Karcher, DM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Agr Res Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dkarcher@purdue.edu OI Applegate, Todd/0000-0002-2406-5058 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 142 IS 4 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.027 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 004HV UT WOS:000234743500003 PM 16290084 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Sikora, LJ AF Adler, PR Sikora, LJ TI Mesophilic composting of Arctic char manure SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; SOIL; NUTRIENT; LITTER; WASTES; EXCHANGEABILITY AB Manure in coldwater aquaculture production systems is typically settled in quiescent zones created within raceways to concentrate it prior to being pumped to storage in off-line settling basins. As the water passes through the off-line settling basins, the solids settle out and the excess water is discharged to surface water. Since the basins are not frequently emptied, the organic solids mineralize and nutrients flow out of the basins with the surface water discharge. A system was tested to remove solids from settling basins frequently and treat by mesophilic composting. Two carbon (C) sources (wheat straw or oak sawdust) were evaluated. Manure was applied to beds of carbon sources at a rate of about 1cm of arctic char manure (8% solids) every 10 days using a vacuum tank spreader modified for side discharge over the plots. The open and porous structure of wheat straw resulted in several advantages over the oak sawdust; there was not runoff during application even during freezing winter temperatures when the oak sawdust compost was frozen solid, aerobic conditions were maintained with lower amounts of C, and decomposition rates were higher resulting in less time needed to reach stability (about 90d vs. 140d). Inorganic nitrogen (N) increased as the organic matter decomposed with either C source. Mineralization and nitrification rates were higher with wheat straw. Water-extractable P decreased as the organic matter from both C sources decomposed. Land requirements are about 0.001 ha to compost the manure for each 1 Mg Arctic char produced annually, but could be significantly higher for the wheat straw since experimental loading rates were limited by the reduced capacity of the oak sawdust compost. A layered mesophilic compost system may be a viable manure management system to store and treat manure and replace long-term storage in off-line settling basins for fish farmers. In this system, solids would continue to be settled in the off-line settling basins but pumped onto straw nearby for storage and stabilization on land thereby minimizing discharge of nutrients to surface water. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Coal & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 914CL UT WOS:000228202200005 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Strausbaugh, CA Sojka, RE AF Entry, JA Strausbaugh, CA Sojka, RE TI Compost amendments decrease Verticillium dahliae infection on potato SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; METHYL-BROMIDE; SOIL; POLYACRYLAMIDE; MICROORGANISMS; ACRYLAMIDE; BACTERIA; NITROGEN; WATER AB Indigenous soil microorganisms contribute to disease suppression in cropping systems by reducing and competing with pathogen populations, thereby limiting disease severity. Various communities of indigenous microorganisms in any particular soil have adapted to the specific environmental conditions. If the soil around the plant roots could be altered to favor the indigenous soil microorganisms relative to the plant pathogen, the survival and proliferation of indigenous soil microorganisms, and thus effectiveness of biological control, may be increased. Wood chip-polyacrylamide (PAM) cores were used to alter the soil environment in a greenhouse study to favor indigenous soil microorganisms in vegetable and manure compost to reduce Verticillium dahliae infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. Potato plants growing in soils amended with vegetable compost-wood chip-PAM cores had significantly lower visible (V-vis) and isolation (V-iso) V. dahliae infection rates than control soils and soils with dairy or vegetable compvolsst alone. Soils amended with wood chip-PAM-dairy compost cores had significantly lower V-vis and isolation V-iso than control soils and soils with dairy compost. Soils with wood chip-PAM cores and soils with wood chip PAM-vegetable compost had greater microbial biomass/Verticillium dahliae biomass (MB / VB) ratios in soil than control soils or in soils amended with compost alone. MB / VB ratios in wood chip-PAM cores and wood chip-PAM-vegetable compost were greater than in wood chip-PAM-dairy compost cores. V-vis correlated in a quadratic relationship with the MB / VB ratio (r =0.76). As MB / VB ratio increased V-vis decreased. Although field studies with several crops and economic evaluations are necessary, this greenRouse study provides evidence that a wood chip-PAM or wood chip- PAM-vegetable compost soil amendment may be a viable method to control some soil diseases in high value crops. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 914CL UT WOS:000228202200006 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, SJ Mahaffee, WF AF Scheuerell, SJ Mahaffee, WF TI Microbial recolonization of compost after peak heating needed for the rapid development of damping-off suppression SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID CONTAINER MEDIA; PYTHIUM-APHANIDERMATUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ULTIMUM AB Compost removed from the hot (> 55 degrees C) core of yard trimmings compost piles was incubated under sterile conditions to observe if suppression could develop due to cooling, or if inoculation with an exogenous source of microbes is a critical factor. Suppression of damping-off caused by P. ultimum did not develop in the cooled compost over seven days of incubation, but compost inoculated 10% v/v with cured yard trimmings compost became suppressive after incubating three to five days. This indicated that the microbial community surviving thermophilic composting is not sufficient to support damping-off suppression and that recolonization of this material is needed to rapidly and consistently produce Pythium suppressive compost for use in greenhouse propagation of seedlings. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Scheuerell, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 914CL UT WOS:000228202200009 ER PT J AU van Lier, QD Sparovek, G Flanagan, DC Bloem, EM Schnug, E AF van Lier, QD Sparovek, G Flanagan, DC Bloem, EM Schnug, E TI Runoff mapping using WEPP erosion model and GIS tools SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; DEGRADATION; FLOODS AB Soil erosion, associated with environmental impacts and crop productivity loss, is usually considered the most impacting of surface hydrology processes. Runoff plays a major role in the erosion process, but it is also important by itself as it directly influences several surface hydrologic processes. In this paper, a computer interface (Erosion Database Interface, EDI) is described that allows processing the surface hydrology output database of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) erosion prediction model, resulting in a georeferenced estimation of runoff. WEPP output contains non-georeferenced daily information about estimated runoff at the lower end of each Overland Flow Element. EDI, when running with WEPP, allows extracting WEPP-calculated runoff values, transforming them into annual means and relocating them in a georeferenced database readable by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). EDI was applied to a 1990 ha watershed in southeast Brazil, with vegetation of mainly sugarcane, forest, and pasture. A 100-year climate simulation was used as input to WEPP, and erosion values were calculated at about six points per hectare and interpolated to a raster format. EDI was successful in preparing the database for automatic calculation of erosion and hydrologic parameters with WEPP and to restore georeferences to mean annual accumulated runoff data that were imported in the GIs as a vector database. Of all the resulting maps, the runoff map is the one that integrates all of the input parameters required for WEPP simulation, thus reflecting not only the physical environment but also crop growth and management and tillage operations. A very small correlation between runoff and erosion shows them to behave independently. Moreover, it is concluded that on analyzing runoff related to agricultural management, georeferenced runoff studies are especially important. In this context, EDI may be a useful tool to assess the effect of tillage and crop management on runoff production. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fed Agr Res Ctr FAL, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Univ Sao Paulo, CP 9, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM qdjvlier@esalq.usp.br RI de Jong van Lier, Quirijn/C-8054-2012; Sparovek, Gerd/C-4402-2012 OI de Jong van Lier, Quirijn/0000-0002-7131-5523; Sparovek, Gerd/0000-0001-8301-8529 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1270 EP 1276 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.03.017 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 983LJ UT WOS:000233232800008 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Martin, LM Polley, HW AF Wilsey, BJ Martin, LM Polley, HW TI Predicting plant extinction based on species-area curves in prairie fragments with high beta richness SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta diversity; biodiversity; extinction theory fragmentation; island biogeography theory; plant; species-area curves ID ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SCALE DEPENDENCE; GAMMA-DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITY; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPES; HETEROGENEITY AB Species-area relationships and island biogeography theory are commonly used to predict how species richness will decline with fragmentation. There arc, a variety of largely untested assumptions in these approaches, including the assumptions that populations are distributed uniformly before fragmentation, and that local extinctions are due to effects of small population sizes. If populations arc, not distributed uniformly, then populations can be abundant locally but rare globally This would cause extinction rates to be smaller than predicted. We tested extinction theory by developing estimates of the number of plant species that should be present in small tallgrass prairie fragments and then testing the uniformity assumption by partitioning species richness into alpha (within site) and beta (among site) components in Iowa prairies. Many more native prairie plant species were present in surveys of prairie fragments (491) than was predicted based on theory (27-207). A large proportion (75%) of the total species richness was beta richness. We suggest that the high proportion of richness wets responsible for the shallow species-area slopes and The lower than expected number of species losses and that a better understanding of what determines beta diversity will. improve predictions of fragmentation effects on richness of plants. We also suggest that plants in prairie remnants may be best conserved by protecting different prairie types rather than by protecting a few large areas containing a single prairie type. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 353 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bwilsey@iastate.edu OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1835 EP 1841 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00250.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 993ET UT WOS:000233938100024 ER PT J AU Schulte, LA Pidgeon, AM Mladenoff, DJ AF Schulte, LA Pidgeon, AM Mladenoff, DJ TI One hundred fifty years of change in forest bird breeding habitat: Estimates of species distributions SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian ecology; conservation planning; habitat suitability modeling; historical range of variability; landscape ecology; pre-Euro-American settlement; Wisconsin ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; POPULATION TRENDS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; UNITED-STATES; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; WARBLERS AB Evaluating bird population trends requires baseline data. In, North America the earliest population data available are those from the late 1960s. Forest conditions in the northern Great Lake states (U.S.A.), however, have undergone succession since the region was originally cut over around the turn of the twentieth century, and it is expected that bird populations have undergone concomitant change. We propose pre-Euro-American settlement as an alternative baseline for assessing changes in bird populations. We evaluated the amount, quality, and distribution of breeding bird habitat during the mid-1800s and early 1990s for three forest birds. the Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus), Blackburnian Warbler (D. fusca), and Black-throated Green Warbler (D. virens). We constructed models of bird and habitat relationships based on literature review and regional data sets of bird abundance and applied these models to widely available vegetation data. Original public-land survey records represented historical habitat conditions, and a combination of forest inventory and national land-cover data represented current conditions. We assessed model robustness by comparing current habitat distribution to actual breeding bird locations from the Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas. The model showed little change in the overall amount of Pine Warbler habitat, whereas both the Blackburnian Warber and the Black-throated Green Warbler have experienced substantial habitat losses. For the species we examined, habitat quality has degraded since presettlement and the spatial distribution of habitat shifted among ecoregions, with range expansion accompanying forest incursion into previously open habitats or The replacement of native forests with pine plantations. Sources of habitat loss and degradation include loss of conifers and loss of large trees. Using widely available data sources in a habitat suitability model framework, our method provides a long-term analysis of change in bird habitat and a presettlement baseline for assessing current conservation priority. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs 120, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schulte, LA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 124 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lschulte@iastate.edu NR 78 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1944 EP 1956 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00254.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 993ET UT WOS:000233938100034 ER PT J AU Harris, GM Jenkins, CN Pimm, SL AF Harris, GM Jenkins, CN Pimm, SL TI Refining biodiversity conservation priorities SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic forest; GIS; hotspots; prioritization; remote sensing ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; RESERVE SELECTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION; BIRDS; DEFORESTATION; HOTSPOTS AB Although there is widespread agreement about conservation priorities at large scales (i.e., biodiversity hotspots), their boundaries remain too coarse for setting practical conservation goals. Refining hotspot conservation means identifying specific locations (individual habitat patches) of realistic size and scale for managers to protect and politicians to support. Because bot. pots have lost most of their original habitat, species endemic to them rely oil what remains. The issue now becomes identifying where this habitat is and these species are. We accomplished this by using straightforward remote sensing and GIS techniques, identifying specific locations in Brazil's Atlantic Forest hotspot important for bird conservation. Our method requires a regional map of current forest cover so we explored six popular products for mapping and quantifying forest: MODIS continuous fields and a MODIS land cover (preclassified products), AVHRR, SPOT VGT, MODIS (satellite images), and a GeoCover Landsat thematic mapper mosaic (jpg). We compared subsets of these forest covers against a forest map based oil a Landsat enhanced thematic mapper The SPOT VGT forest cover predicted forest area and location well, so we combined it with elevation delta to refine coarse distribution maps for forest endemic birds. Stacking these species distribution maps enabled identification of the subregion richest in threatened birds the lowland forests of Rio de Janeiro State. We highlighted eight priority fragments, focusing on one with finer resolved imagery for detailed study This method allows prioritization of at-eels for conservation front a region >1 million km(2) to forest fragments of lens of square kilometers. To set priorities for biodiversity conservation, coarse biological information is sufficient. Hence, our method is attractive for tropical and biologically rich locations, where species location information is sparse. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Harris, GM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 3301 C St,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM gmharris@fs.fed.us RI Jenkins, Clinton/D-6134-2011 OI Jenkins, Clinton/0000-0003-2198-0637 NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1957 EP 1968 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00307.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 993ET UT WOS:000233938100035 ER PT J AU Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Corella, D Ordovas, JM TI Integration of environment and disease into 'omics' analysis SO CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE diet; disease; drugs; gene-environment interaction; genomics; proteomics ID HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GENETIC-VARIATION; LIPID-METABOLISM; TOBACCO SMOKING; HEALTH RESEARCH AB Over the last decade, 'omics' technologies have been heralded as 'dream toolboxes' that will make revolutionary changes in disease prevention and treatment possible. However, these expectations have yet to be fulfilled. These promises were made and prospects predicted without full appreciation of the intrinsic complexity of common diseases and the significant contribution of environmental factors to disease risk and causation, which have hardly been considered in the omic approaches. The concept of gene-environment interaction, as well as the limitations, difficulties and urgent need to integrate environment into omics analysis are reviewed and discussed. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia 46010, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 77 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1P 6LB, ENGLAND SN 1464-8431 J9 CURR OPIN MOL THER JI Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 569 EP 576 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 992NU UT WOS:000233891600008 PM 16370380 ER PT J AU Williams, L Fletcher, JC AF Williams, L Fletcher, JC TI Stem cell regulation in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ZIPPER GENE FAMILY; WUSCHEL; FATE; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; CLV3; ORGANOGENESIS; ORGANIZATION; MAINTENANCE; THALIANA AB The aerial structure of higher plants is generated dynamically throughout the life cycle through the activity of stem cells that are located at the growing shoot tip, the apical meristem. The stem cells continuously divide to renew themselves and provide cells for leaf, stem and flower formation. Stem cell maintenance is governed by intercellular communication between the apical stem cells and the underlying organizing centre. Recent advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms that induce shoot stem cell identity, and that control the position and size of the organizing centre. Elements such as chromatin remodeling factors, transcription factors and microRNAs; are newly implicated in these regulatory processes. These advances provide a framework for our understanding of how signals are integrated to specify and position the stem cell niche in the shoot apical meristem. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 85 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 22 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 582 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.09.010 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 983KW UT WOS:000233231400004 PM 16183326 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Das, SK Hajduk, CL Golden, J Saltzman, E Stark, PC Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB AF Pittas, AG Das, SK Hajduk, CL Golden, J Saltzman, E Stark, PC Greenberg, AS Roberts, SB TI A low-glycemic load diet facilitates greater weight loss in over-weight adults with high insulin secretion but not in overweight adults with low insulin secretion in the CALERIE trial SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BODY-WEIGHT; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; STARCH PROMOTES; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; OBESE WOMEN; LOWER RATES; INDEX DIET; LOW-FAT C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 750 Washington St,268, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tufts-nemc.org FU NIA NIH HHS [U01 AG 20480]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK 61506] NR 35 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2939 EP 2941 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.12.2939 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 988HJ UT WOS:000233583500020 PM 16306558 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y AF Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y TI Lineage-specific decay of folate biosynthesis genes suggests ongoing host adaptation in phytoplasmas SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANISMS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; ENZYMES; ASTERIS AB Phytoplasmas are nonculturable cell wall-less, obligate intracellular pathogens of plants and insect vectors. In their descent from walled bacterial ancestors, phytoplasmas underwent massive genome reduction, resulting in some of the smallest cellular genomes known in nonsymbiotic bacteria. While requirements for in vitro culture of phytoplasmas remain unknown, two opposing reports have appeared concerning genes encoding the ability of phytoplasmas to synthesize folates de novo. One study found pseudogene homologs of folP and folK, obviating folate synthesis in "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris"-related strain CPh, whereas, a separate study found intact genes encoding a complete folate biosynthesis pathway in "Ca. Phytoplasma asteris"-related strain OY. To resolve the apparent conflict, we hypothesized that evolutionary adaptation to the availability of folate and/or other metabolites in host cells is an ongoing process in the phytoplasma clade that is reflected in part by differences among phytoplasmas in the status of genes of the folate biosynthesis pathway. By studying folP and folK loci in 11 closely related phytoplasmas, we determined that these essential folate biosynthesis genes are intact in some phytoplasmas but are deteriorating in closely related strains. We suggest that the status of the folate biosynthesis pathway and the course of gene decay are lineage-specific, predicting the eventual, lineage-related loss of recognizable folP and folK homologs in phytoplasma genomes. C1 Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Fitovirus Lab, Microbial Mol Biol Grp, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Room 118,Bldg 004,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 12 BP 832 EP 840 DI 10.1089/dna.2005.24.832 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 994TL UT WOS:000234054000007 PM 16332180 ER PT J AU Theobald, DM Spies, T Kline, J Maxwell, B Hobbs, NT Dale, VH AF Theobald, DM Spies, T Kline, J Maxwell, B Hobbs, NT Dale, VH TI Ecological support for rural land-use planning SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the Ecological-Society-of-America CY AUG, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP Ecol Soc Amer DE environmental indicators; exurban development; rural land-use planning ID SMALL DECISIONS; PRIVATE LANDS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; COVER; OREGON; ALTERNATIVES; INFORMATION; ECOSYSTEMS; WISCONSIN AB How can ecologists be more effective in supporting ecologically informed rural land-use. planning and policy? Improved decision making about rural lands requires careful consideration of how ecological information and analyses can inform specific planning and policy-needs. We provide a brief overview of rural land-use planning, including recently developed approaches to conservation. Effective participation in land-use planning requires ecologists to understand trade-offs-for example, the need to balance a land owner's desire for a fair and predictable process with the "learn as you go" approach,of adaptive management-and the importance of integrating local knowledge with landscape-level information. Four primary challenges require attention from ecologists to improve rural land-use planning. First is the mismatch between the spatial and temporal scales in which, ecological processes occur and the scales and tempos of land-use. planning. Second, ecologists must engage in interdisciplinary research to critically evaluate and determine how, if, and when ecological information influences: rural land-use outcomes. Third, a comprehensive land-use framework is needed. to better place ecological studies within a broader landscape context. Finally, ecologists have a key role in developing environmental indicators that directly inform local, rural land-use planning efforts. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Recreat & Tourism, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Theobald, DM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davet@nrel.colostate.edu RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009; Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 NR 57 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1906 EP 1914 DI 10.1890/03-5331 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 992BL UT WOS:000233858900006 ER PT J AU Burkett, VR Wilcox, DA Stottlemyer, R Barrow, W Fagre, D Baron, J Price, J Nielsen, JL Allen, CD Peterson, DL Ruggerone, G Doyle, T AF Burkett, VR Wilcox, DA Stottlemyer, R Barrow, W Fagre, D Baron, J Price, J Nielsen, JL Allen, CD Peterson, DL Ruggerone, G Doyle, T TI Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case studies and policy implications SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Review DE nonlinear dynamics; thresholds; ecosystems; climate change; natural resource management ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; CHINESE TALLOW TREE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SUB-ARCTIC QUEBEC; SEBIFERUM L ROXB; SALMON O-NERKA; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LAKE-LEVEL; VEGETATION DYNAMICS AB Many biological, hydrological, and geological processes are interactively linked in ecosystems. These ecological phenomena normally vary within bounded ranges, but rapid, nonlinear changes to markedly different conditions can be triggered by even small differences if threshold values arc exceeded. Intrinsic and extrinsic ecological thresholds can lead to effects that cascade among systems, precluding accurate modeling and prediction of system response to climate change. Ten case studies from North America illustrate how charges in climate can lead to rapid, threshold-type responses within ecological communities;, the case studies also highlight the role of human activities that alter the rate or direction of system response to climate change. Understanding and anticipating nonlinear dynamics are important aspects of adaptation planning since responses of biological resources to changes in the physical climate system are not necessarily proportional and sometimes, as in the case of complex ecological systems, inherently nonlinear. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Glacier Natl Pk Headquaters, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Burkett, VR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM virginia_burkett@usgs.gov RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 258 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 357 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.04.010 PG 38 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987NF UT WOS:000233523900003 ER PT J AU Oliver, WT Rosenberger, J Lopez, R Gomez, A Cummings, KK Fiorotto, ML AF Oliver, WT Rosenberger, J Lopez, R Gomez, A Cummings, KK Fiorotto, ML TI The local expression and abundance of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins in skeletal muscle are regulated by age and gender but not local IGF-I in vivo SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; FACTOR (IGF)-BINDING PROTEIN-6; TRANSGENIC MICE; FACTOR SYSTEM; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; L6A1 MYOBLASTS; VITRO; OVEREXPRESSION AB We wished to determine whether sustained IGF-I production in skeletal muscle increases local IGF binding protein (IGFBP) abundance, thereby mitigating the long-term stimulation of muscle growth by IGF-I. Muscle growth of transgenic mice that overexpress IGF-I in muscle (SIS2) and of wild-type (Wt) mice was compared. At 3, 5, 10, and 20 wk of age, hind-limb muscle weights and IGFBP-3, -4, -5, and -6 mRNA and protein abundances were quantified. Additional mice were injected with IGF-I or LR3-IGF-I, and phosphorylation of the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) was compared. Muscle mass was 20% greater in SIS2 compared with Wt mice by 10 wk of age (P < 0.01), and this difference was maintained to 20 wk. IGFBP mRNA and protein abundances were unaffected by genotype. IGFBP-4 and -5 protein abundances increased with age, whereas for IGFBP-3 and -6, there was a sexual dimorphic response (P < 0.01); after 5 wk of age, IGFBP-3 decreased in males but increased in females, whereas IGFBP-6 decreased in females and remained unchanged in males. These protein expression patterns resulted from differences at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. LR3-IGF-I stimulated IGF-1R phosphorylation to a greater extent than IGF-I at both 5 and 10 wk of age (P < 0.01), regardless of gender or genotype (P > 0.21). Thus, variations in local IGF-I levels do not appear to regulate muscle IGFBP expression. The age- and gender-specific differences in muscle IGFBP expression are not sufficient to alter the response of the muscle to the IGFs but may impact the IGF-independent effects of these IGFBPs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA,ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fiorotto, ML (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA,ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM martaf@bcm.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR46308] NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 146 IS 12 BP 5455 EP 5462 DI 10.1210/en.2005-0714 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 984JY UT WOS:000233301000048 PM 16166219 ER PT J AU Torres, CSAD Matthews, RW Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ AF Torres, CSAD Matthews, RW Ruberson, JR Lewis, WJ TI Role of chemical cues and natal rearing effect on host recognition by the parasitic wasp Melittobia digitata SO ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemoreception; Eulophidae; host location; Hymenoptera; olfaction; olfactometer ID PREFERENCE; INSECT; HYMENOPTERA; HYPOTHESIS; EULOPHIDAE; DROSOPHILA; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB Parasitoids are expected to have the ability to find, recognize, and perhaps to discern potential hosts that can best support the development of their progeny. Melittobia Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are gregarious ectoparasitoids, which primarily attack mud daubers (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). How Melittobia females locate their host is not well known, but the process may involve host-related chemical signals. In this study, we investigated the roles of host chemical cues and natal rearing effect in host recognition by Mel. digitata Dahms. In an olfactometer that contained prepupae of Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), puparia of Neobellieria bullata (Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), empty or intact host cocoons, or nest mud, Mel. digitata females spent significantly more time in air fields that contained T Politum (prepupae + cocoon) and Meg. rotundata (prepupae + cocoon) than in N. bullata and control fields. Nest mud and natal host had no attraction for parasitoid host choice. Most first and last choices of Mel. digitata females in the olfactometer were not consistent, suggesting an initial random dispersion, although they responded positively towards hosts in cocoons. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, CPES, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Tifton, GA USA. RP Torres, CSAD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, CPES, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM sherleyjbt@yahoo.com OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1343-8786 EI 1479-8298 J9 ENTOMOL SCI JI Entomol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2005.00135.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 996WA UT WOS:000234204900006 ER PT J AU Progar, RA AF Progar, RA TI Five-year operational trial of verbenone to deter mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; Coleoptera : Scolytidae) attack of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone; verbenone; mountain pine beetle; lodgepole pine ID HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; STANDS; ANTIAGGREGATION; INFESTATION; REDUCTION; VOLATILES; CARBARYL AB The antiaggregation pheromone verbenone was operationally tested for 5 yr to deter mass attack by the mountain pine beetle on lodgepole pine in campgrounds and administrative areas surrounding Redfish and Little Redfish Lakes at the Sawtooth National Recreation Area in central Idaho. Each year, five-gram verbenone pouches were evenly distributed (approximate to 10 m apart) within seven of 14 0.2-ha plots. During the first 2 yr of the study a median of 12% of the host trees > 13 cm dbh were attacked and killed on the treated plots, whereas trees on the untreated plots incurred a median mortality of 59%. When approximate to 50% of the trees on the untreated plots were killed a detectable beetle response to verbenone on the treated plots dramatically declined. After 5 yr, mountain pine beetle had killed a median of 87% of the lodgepole pine trees > 13 cm in untreated plots and 67% in plots containing verbenone pouches. Beetle pressure was higher on untreated plots in 2000 and 2001, nearly equal between treatments in 2002, higher on verbenone-treated plots in 2003, and similar between treatments in 2004. It is hypothesized that the lack of response to verbenone after 2 yr may be related to both population size and spatial scale, i.e., large numbers of vigorous beetles in a local area with a reduced number of preferred large-diameter trees become crowded and stressed, causing a decline in the response to verbenone. The 2-yr delay in widespread pine mortality caused by verbenone would have given land managers time to use other management tactics to deter catastrophic loss of trees caused by mountain pine beetle. C1 US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Progar, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM rprogar@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1402 EP 1407 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400004 ER PT J AU Koppenhofer, AM Polavarapu, S Fuzy, EM Zhang, AJ Ketner, K Larsen, T AF Koppenhofer, AM Polavarapu, S Fuzy, EM Zhang, AJ Ketner, K Larsen, T TI Mating disruption of oriental beetle (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) in turfgrass using microencapsulated formulations of sex pheromone components SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turfgrass; mating disruption; Anomala orientalis; sex pheromone; (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one ID COMMUNICATION; BLUEBERRIES AB The feasibility of mating disruption in the oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, with microencapsulated sprayable formulations of (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one, the major sex pheromone component, was evaluated in turfgrass areas. The effect of the applications was measured by monitoring male A. orientalis captures in pheromone-baited traps throughout the flight period and estimating A. orientalis larval densities in September in soil/sod samples. Trap captures were 90-100% lower in the treated areas during the first 7-10 d after treatment, but started to increase thereafter. Therefore, applications were repeated after 14 d in most treatments. The formulation tested in 2002 and 2003 reduced trap captures by 87-88% with two applications of each 12.5 or 50 g pheromone/ha but only by 74% by a single application of 75 g pheromone/ha. Reductions of A. orientalis larval populations by 68-74% were not significant because of very high variability of larval densities in the nontreated areas. Two different formulations tested in 2004 were less effective. Significant amounts of the pheromone remained on grass foliage after application, but 51 and 73% of this residue were washed off the foliage with 3.2- and 6.4-mm post-treatment irrigation, respectively. Shoes walked at I day after treatment through pheromone-treated areas were sufficiently contaminated with pheromone to attract high numbers of A. orientalis males in nontreated areas. Mating disruption is a promising strategy for A. orientalis management in turfgrass. However, more persistent formulations need to be developed that have a lower potential to contaminate shoes and other clothing articles with pheromone. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Suterra LLC, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Koppenhofer, AM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blake Hall,93 Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM koppenhofer@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1417 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400005 ER PT J AU Chege, PG Clark, TL Hibbard, BE AF Chege, PG Clark, TL Hibbard, BE TI Alternate host phenology affects survivorship, growth, and development of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera; phenology; alternate host; resistance management ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; HERBIVORE; NEBRASKA; ASSAYS; RANGE AB The commercial release of transgenic maize with resistance to rootworms incorporated with glyphosate tolerance has become a reality, and questions have arisen regarding the impact of grassy weed phenology on the biology of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. A study to determine the impact of host plant phenology on the survivorship (percentage larval recovery), growth (dry-weight gain), and development (change in bead capsule width) of western corn rootworm larvae was conducted in a split-split-plot randomized complete block design experiment under greenhouse conditions. Six host species were evaluated under eight weekly infestations of 15 neonate western corn rootworm larvae that were sampled for larval recovery after 7, 14, and 21 d, each with five replications. Percentage larval recovery, change in head capsule width and weight gain were significantly impacted by infestation time and host species. Other than from maize, Zea mays L., larval survivorship was highest in large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop, followed by giant foxtail, Setaria faberi, R. A. W. Herrm, witchgrass, Panicum capillare L., woolly cupgrass, Eriochloa gracilis, and green foxtail, Setaria viridis L. P. Beauv. Infestation in weeks 4,5, and 6 supported western corn rootworm survivorship, growth, and development better than infestation at later times. Alternate host phenology may be an important larval movement factor between grassy weeds and transgenic rootworm-resistant maize. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Clark, TL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, 1-31 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM clarkth@missouri.edu NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1447 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400009 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Whitmire, SL AF Tobin, PC Whitmire, SL TI Spread of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) and its relationship to defoliation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; biological invasions; invasive species; forecasting ID NORTH-AMERICA; COUNTS AB Gypsy moth management is divided into three components: eradication, suppression, and transition zone management. All three components require knowledge of the boundaries that delimit these areas. Additional interest is also placed on the relationship between population spread and defoliation to prepare for the gypsy moth advance in new areas and minimize its impact. We developed relationships between advancing population boundaries, which were estimated using an algorithm implemented under the USDA Forest Service Gypsy Moth Slow-the-Spread Project and defoliation records collected by State and Federal agencies. We used current data from Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Virginia and historical data from the lower peninsula of Michigan. We observed that in West Virginia, Virginia, and Michigan, defoliation generally occurred in areas where moth abundance exceeded 300 male moths per pheromone-baited trap (i.e., the 300-moth population boundary), whereas in Wisconsin, it generally occurred between the 100- and 300-moth population boundaries. We also detected temporal changes in Michigan in the relationship between boundaries and defoliation, where the transition time between the 10-moth population boundary and defoliation was 4-5 yr. Recent data from Wisconsin suggest a similar transitional time, whereas recent data from West Virginia and Virginia do not seem to contradict an earlier study suggesting a transition time of roughly 8 yr. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1455 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400010 ER PT J AU Aluja, M Sivinski, J Rull, J Hodgson, PJ AF Aluja, M Sivinski, J Rull, J Hodgson, PJ TI Behavior and predation of fruit fly larvae (Anastrepha spp.) (Diptera : Tephritidae) after exiting fruit in four types of habitats in tropical Veracruz, Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE predation; mortality factors; antipredator behavior; Anastrepha; Tephritidae ID FORMICA-RUFA HYMENOPTERA; LIMESTONE WOODLAND; NORTHWEST ENGLAND; SPIDER PREDATORS; ANT; DIAPRIIDAE; HAWAII; FLIES; PUPAE AB Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larval behavior on the ground was quantified, and biotic and abiotic mortality factors were identified from the moment larvae exit fruit until they secure pupation sites in the soil in four environments that differed in climate, soil structure, and fruit tree composition in tropical Mexico (State of Veracruz). Distribution of pupae was influenced by fruit position on the ground but not by shade, litter depth, average soil temperature, soil pH, vegetation cover, and number of predacious insects per surface unit. At all sites, most larvae (90%) entered the soil after exiting the fruit within 10 min, but only at one site did larvae die because of sun exposure during the hottest part of the day. The most important biotic mortality factor at all sites was predation by ants, which in turn was influenced by temperature, humidity, and soil dampness, and varied significantly among host trees within a site. Ants commonly attacked larvae within 5 min of exit from fruit at all but one site. In laboratory experiments, larvae exposed to ant attack pupated at greater depths than larvae exposed to ants but that were not attacked (which in turn pupated at greater depths than larvae not exposed to ants). C1 Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM alujam@ecologia.edu NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400018 ER PT J AU Bancroft, JS AF Bancroft, JS TI Dispersal and abundance of Lygus hesperus in field crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal; pest management; mark-recapture; western tarnished plant bug ID MOVEMENT; ALFALFA; COTTON; MIRIDAE; BUGS; HETEROPTERA; DISTANCE; BARRIERS; INSECTS AB To predict Lygus hesperus Knight population dynamics in the field, a quantitative understanding of dispersal is needed. L. hesperus is a major pest of cotton and other seed crops in the San Joaquin Valley. Mark recapture experiments were performed that measured movement and abundance of L. hesperus in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and blackeye bean (Vigna sinensis L.). Male L. hesperus moved farther than females (4.6 versus 3.6 m/d). Movement was greater in the east-west axis than the north-south axis (7.0 versus 2.4 m/d). Calculations based on mark-recapture data suggest that a random walk model describes L. hesperus dispersal well. Diffusion estimates predict 98% movement radiuses in cotton, alfalfa, and bean as 15.6, 14.4, and 7.3 m/d, respectively. Estimates of absolute L. hesperus abundance were 45,000/ha in alfalfa during the August peak, approximately five times those in cotton. The results Suggest that management of L. hesperus may be affected by greater dispersal along the east-west axis and the strong male bias in sweep-net samples. C1 USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Bancroft, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 12053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM jsbancroft@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1523 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400019 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Canas, LA AF Blackmer, JL Canas, LA TI Visual cues enhance the response of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera : Miridae) to volatiles from host plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light-emitting diode; olfactory cues; western tarnished plant bug; additive response; synergistic response ID APPLE MAGGOT FLIES; LYGOCORIS-PABULINUS; LINEOLARIS HEMIPTERA; ABIOTIC FACTORS; POTATO PLANTS; COTTON PLANTS; STICKY TRAPS; BUG; EMISSIONS; HOMOPTERA AB Studies were conducted to examine the behavioral response of fifth-instar and adult Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) to odors associated with a host plant (alfalfa) when presented singly or in combination with a visual plant cue (530nm,green light-emitting diode [LED]). Bioassays were conducted in a modified Y-tube olfactometer, where incoming air was filtered and humidified before passing through chambers that held plant/conspecific treatments. A LED, placed behind an organdy screen at the end of one arm of the Y-tube, simulated a visual plant cue. In agreement with our previous findings, fifth-instar and adult female L. herperus were attracted to plant/conspecific odor combinations, but adult males were not. Independently, the LED also was attractive to immature and adult female L. hesperus, and for all life stages, a much larger percentage of the bugs walked to the extreme end of the Y-tube when the visual cue was present. When visual and volatile cues were presented simultaneously, responses by both immature and adult (male and female) L. hesperus were significantly enhanced. Plant/conspecific treatments that had been marginally acceptable when only volatile stimuli were available showed the greatest enhancement in response with the addition of the visual cue. Presentation of visual and volatile cues together led to a mean increase in the percentage of bugs that walked to the extreme end of the Y-tube (nymphs, 36.6%; females, 23.4%; males, 26.1%). Results are discussed in terms of stage-specific responses and how these behavioral differences will likely play a role in developing effective trapping and monitoring systems for this important pest. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1533 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400020 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW AF Sappington, TW TI First-flight adult European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) distribution in roadside vegetation relative to cropping patterns and corn phenology SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; European corn borer; spatial distribution; landscape; dispersal ID AGGREGATION SITES; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; EGG MASSES; PYRALIDAE; POPULATION; OVIPOSITION; PREFERENCE; DISPERSAL; CORNFIELD AB The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is a serious pest of commercial maize throughout the U.S. Corn Belt. Adults in the central and eastern Corn Belt aggregate in grassy areas around and within the cornfield where they spend the daylight hours resting and where mating activity occurs at night. Mated females leave the aggregation sites at night to oviposit in cornfields, thus using the grass as a staging area. Flush samples were taken in borrow ditches in central Iowa during the first (spring) flight of moths in 2003 and 2004 to determine if cropping patterns and crop phenology influence moth distribution across the landscape. Significantly more moths were present in ditches with an adjacent cornfield on at least one side of the road than in those with no corn on either side. In contrast, effects of corn stubble from the previous year's crop, tillage, and corn phenology were weak or not detectable. Evidence suggests that some moths emerging from corn stubble may aggregate in adjacent grass but that they redistribute themselves in the landscape within a short time. Thus, the presence or absence of adjacent corn was the overwhelming factor affecting spatial distribution of first-flight European corn borer moths among grassy roadside ditches. C1 Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1548 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400022 ER PT J AU Edde, PA Phillips, TW Toews, MD AF Edde, PA Phillips, TW Toews, MD TI Responses of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) to its aggregation pheromones as influenced by trap design, trap height, and habitat SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored-product insects; lesser grain borer; pheromones ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; F COLEOPTERA; GRAIN; SCOLYTIDAE; FLIGHT; CERAMBYCIDAE; COMPONENTS; RESISTANCE; CAPTURE AB Lindgren multiple funnel traps and Japanese beetle traps captured more lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), than did Pherocon H sticky traps or bucket traps when all were baited with the same aggregation pheromones. Bucket traps captured six-fold fewer beetles than Lindgren four-Unit traps. Retentions of captured R. dominica were not significantly different in traps with soapy water or dry insecticide as killing agents for either trap design but were significantly higher than those retained in traps lacking a killing agent. Lindgren eight-unit funnel traps captured a similar number of R. dominica compared with the four-unit funnel traps. More beetles were captured near grain storage facilities than in forests or in open fields. Trap height (1, 2, or 4 in above the ground) had no detectable effect across habitat but significantly interacted with habitat. Traps placed I or 2 m high near grain elevators and in open fields captured similar numbers of beetles and yielded higher catches of R. dominica than traps placed 4 in high in these habitats. The reverse was true in forest habitats. Captured R. dominica were similarly female-biased in all trap designs, and the proportion of females to males did not differ among trap heights or habitats in which the), were trapped. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Edde, PA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM peter_edde@yahoo.com NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1549 EP 1557 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400023 ER PT J AU King, JR Porter, SD AF King, JR Porter, SD TI Evaluation of sampling methods and species richness estimators for ants in upland ecosystems in Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Florida; Formicidae; rarefaction; species richness estimation; structured inventory ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; STRUCTURED INVENTORY; POPULATION-SIZE; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; CONSERVATION; MADAGASCAR; DIVERSITY AB The growing emphasis on including invertebrates in global biodiversity conservation efforts has prompted air increase in the study of invertebrate assemblages. Invertebrate sampling designs and the bias of individual methods, nevertheless, remain poorly understood for a variety of habitats. We used a structured inventory approach to sampling ants in five upland ecosystems in Florida. We evaluated the efficiency of quantitative and nonquantitative methods for sampling ants. We also evaluated the performance of four species richness estimators. A total of 3,774 species occurrences were distributed among 1,732 samples that contained 94 species from 31 genera. Twenty unique species and 10 duplicate species were collected. Compared with a comprehensive species list for Florida, sampling captured approximate to 66% of the regional fauna and approximate to 70-90% of species within the ecosystems studied. Combinations of sampling methods were much more effective for assessing species richness. Individual methods were complementary and sampled only part of the entire assemblage. Nonparametric estimators (air incidence-based coverage estimator [ICE I and a jackknife estimator [Jack-2]) performed better than lognormal fitting, and Michaelis-Menten curve extrapolation. However, none of the estimators was stable, and their estimates should be viewed with skepticism. The results of this study provide support for the use of the Ants of the Leaf Litter (ALL) protocol for thoroughly sampling ant assemblages in temperate and subtropical ecosystems. Furthermore, our results indicate that even in relatively species-poor (compared with the tropics) temperate and subtropical regions, a large sampling effort that includes multiple sampling methods is the most effective manner of thoroughly sampling an ant assemblage. Therefore, we suggest that structured inventory should be adopted for a wider variety of terrestrial invertebrate studies. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP King, JR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jking@bio.fsu.edu NR 71 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1578 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400025 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Wiedenmann, RN AF Lundgren, JG Wiedenmann, RN TI Tritrophic interactions among Bt (CryMb1) corn, aphid prey, and the predator Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; predation; Rhopalosiphum; transgenic crop; trophic interactions ID CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA NEUROPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; TRANSGENIC CORN; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; CRY1AB TOXIN; POLLEN; CHRYSOPIDAE; BEETLE; MAIZE; ENDOTOXINS AB The ability of the transgenic corn rootworm resistant corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid, MON 863, to affect the predator Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) through the consumption of corn-fed aphid (Rhopalosiphum. maidis, Homoptera: Aphididae) prey was examined in the laboratory. Aphid weight was used as an index of prey quality. Larvae of C. maculata were reared to pupation oil aphids that had consumed transgenic or nontransgenic (susceptible) corn plants. Larval duration, survivorship to pupation, postmortem adult dry weight (taken at 30 d after eclosion), adult mobility, and fecundity were compared for G maculata between treatments. Fitness parameters of C. maculata were similar between transgenic and susceptible treatments, despite a 33% reduction in the weight of aphid prey reared oil MON 863. Using immunostrip tests, Cry3Bb1 was detectable in the leaves of MON 863 but not in the Susceptible plant, aphids, or C. maculata, that were fed aphids. We conclude that transgenic corn that expresses Cry3Bb1 does not inflict acute or chronic degradations in fitness on individual C. maculata through aphid prey, but these results do not necessarily apply to other natural enemies, herbivores, or insect-resistant corn hybrids. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1621 EP 1625 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994KT UT WOS:000234031400030 ER PT J AU De Oliveira, MF Johnston, CT Premachandra, GS Teppen, BJ Li, H Laird, DA Zhu, DQ Boyd, SA AF De Oliveira, MF Johnston, CT Premachandra, GS Teppen, BJ Li, H Laird, DA Zhu, DQ Boyd, SA TI Spectroscopic study of carbaryl sorption on smectite from aqueous suspension SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL CLAY COMPONENTS; ADSORPTION MECHANISMS; SUBSTITUTED NITROBENZENES; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER; MONTMORILLONITE; DENSITY; MINERALS AB Sorption of carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) from aqueous suspension to smectite was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (for batch sorption), and quantum chemical methods. The amount of carbaryl sorbed was strongly dependent on the surface-charge density of the smectite with more sorption occurring on the two "low" surface-charge density smectites (SHCa-1 and SWy-2) compared to that of the high surface-charge SAz-1 smectite. In addition, the amount of carbaryl sorbed was strongly dependent on the nature of the exchangeable cation and followed the order of Ba similar to Cs similar to Ca > Mg similar to K > Na similar to Li for SWy-2. A similar trend was found for hectorite (SHCa-1) of Cs > Ba > Ca > K similar to Mg > Na similar to Li. Using the shift of the carbonyl stretching band as an indicator of the strength of interaction between carbaryl and the exchangeable cation, the observed order was Mg > Ca > Ba similar to K > Na > Cs. The position of the carbonyl stretching band shifted to lower wavenumbers with increasing ionic potential of the exchangeable cation. Density functional theory predicted a cation-induced lengthening of the C=O bond, resulting from the carbonyl group interacting directly with the exchangeable cation in support of the spectroscopic observations. Further evidence was provided by a concomitant shift in the opposite direction by several vibrational bands in the 1355-1375 cm(-1) region assigned to stretching bands of the carbamate N-C-carbonyl and O-ether-C-carbonyl bonds. These data indicate that carbaryl sorption is due, in part, to site-specific interactions between the carbamate functional group and exchangeable cations, as evidenced by the FTIR data. However, these data suggest that hydrophobic interactions also contribute to the overall amount of carbaryl sorbed, For example, the FTIR data indicated that the weakest interaction occurred when Cs+ was the exchangeable cation. In contrast, the highest amount of carbaryl sorption was observed on Cs-exchanged smectite. Of all the cations studied, Cs has the lowest enthalpy of hydration. It is suggested that this low hydration energy provides the carbaryl with greater access to the hydrophobic regions of the siloxane surface. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Corp & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnston, CT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cliffjohnston@purdue.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 23 BP 9123 EP 9129 DI 10.1021/es048108s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989ZK UT WOS:000233712700024 PM 16382933 ER PT J AU Jia, G Chen, PD Qin, GJ Bai, GH Wang, X Wang, SL Zhou, B Zhang, SH Liu, DJ AF Jia, G Chen, PD Qin, GJ Bai, GH Wang, X Wang, SL Zhou, B Zhang, SH Liu, DJ TI QTLs for Fusarium head blight response in a wheat DH population of Wangshuibai/Alondra's' SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Fusarium graminearun; DH population; wheat scab resistance; SSR; QTL mapping; epistasis ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SPRING WHEAT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCAB RESISTANCE; II RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; AFLP MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; LINKAGE AB A doubled haploid (DH) wheat population derived from the cross Wangshuibai/Alondra's was developed through chromosome doubling of haploids generated by anther culture of hybrids. Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated for three years from 2001 to 2003 in Jianyang, Fujian Province, China, where epidemics of FHB have been consistently severe. After 307 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened, 110 pairs were polymorphic between Wangshuibai and Alondra's, and used to construct a genetic linkage map for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A stable QTL for low FHB severity was detected on chromosomes 3B over all three years, and QTLs on chromosomes 5B, 2D, and 7A were detected over two years. Additional QTLs on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6B and 7B showed marginal significance in only one year. Six QTLs were detected when phenotypic data from three years were combined. In addition, significant additive-by-additive epistasis was detected for a QTL on 6A although its additive effect was not significant. Additive effects (A) and additive-by-additive epistasis (AA) explained a major portion of the phenotypic variation (76.5%) for FHB response. Xgwm533-3B and Xgwm335-5B were the closest markers to QTLs, and have potential to be used as selectable markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, PD (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM pdchen@njau.edu.cn RI Lee, Francis BS/G-9323-2014 OI Lee, Francis BS/0000-0001-7828-7900 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 146 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9001-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 019VX UT WOS:000235865900001 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE AF Xu, XY Bai, GH Carver, BF Shaner, GE TI A QTL for early heading in wheat cultivar Suwon 92 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE AFLP; heading date; QTL mapping; SSR; Triticum aestivum ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DAY-LENGTH RESPONSE; FLOWERING TIME; VERNALIZATION REQUIREMENT; PHOTOPERIOD-RESPONSE; FROST-RESISTANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; EMERGENCE TIME; LATENT PERIOD; MAJOR GENES AB Heading date is an important trait that determines wheat adaptation to environments. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from CI 13227 x Suwon 92 was employed to tag the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for early heading in Suwon 92. This population was phenotyped for heading date in 1994, 1995, and 1997, and analyzed with AFLP and SSR markers. Two AFLP markers (XGCTG.CGCT118 and XGCTG.CGCT60) closely associated with heading date were identified. Across years, XGCTG.CGCT118 and XGCTG.CGCT60 explained 40.4% and 32.2% of the total phenotypic variances, respectively. Interval analysis revealed a major QTL for heading date, designated QHd.pser-2DS, between AFLP marker XGCTG.CGCT118 and SSR marker Xgwm261. Based on the linkage map, QHd.pser-2DS was about 41.2 cM proximal to the distal end of chromosome 2DS, and explained 40.5% of the phenotypic variance across three years. The identified markers associated with the early heading QTL have the potential to be used in wheat breeding programs. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 146 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-9017-z PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 019VX UT WOS:000235865900006 ER PT J AU Arnold, RW AF Arnold, RW TI The paradigm of pedology: How we learn what we learn SO EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Perceptions are the basis of our reality and how we learn. Although Dokuchaev founded a new science, in America our learning about pedology in the 1950s was mostly experiential. Hindsight provides different perceptions and a desire to summarize the principles derived from the basic axiom of our paradigm. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Arnold, RW (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1064-2293 J9 EURASIAN SOIL SCI+ JI Eurasian Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1286 EP 1289 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 994KR UT WOS:000234031200005 ER PT J AU Villa, JD Danka, RG AF Villa, JD Danka, RG TI Caste, sex and strain of honey bees (Apis mellifera) affect infestation with tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acarapis woodi; Apis mellifera; drone; queen; resistance; tracheal mite ID RESISTANCE; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; TARSONEMIDAE; SELECTION; COLONIES; RENNIE; ACARI AB Worker honey bees from genetic strains selected for being resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to tracheal mites typically show large differences in infestation in field colonies and in bioassays that involve controlled exposure to infested bees. We used bioassays exposing newly emerged individuals to infested workers to compare the propensity for tracheal mites to infest queens, drones and workers from R and S colonies. In tests with queens, newly emerged R and S queens were either simultaneously confined in infested colonies (n = 95 and 87 respectively), or individually caged with groups of 5-20 infested workers (n = 119 and 115 respectively). Mite prevalence (percentage of individuals infested) and abundance (foundress mites per individual) after 4-6 days did not differ between R and S queens. In another test, five newly emerged drones and workers from both an R and an S colony, and a queen of one of the two strains, were caged in each of 38 cages with 20 g of workers infested at 60-96% prevalence. Infestations of the R queens (n = 17) and S queens (n = 19) did not differ significantly, but R workers had half the mite abundance of S workers, while R drones received about a third more migrating mites than S drones. In tests to evaluate possible mechanisms, removal of one mesothoracic leg from R and S workers resulted in 2- to 10-fold increase in mite abundance on the treated side, but excising legs did not affect infestation of the corresponding tracheae in drones. This suggests that differences in infestation between R and S workers, but not drones, are largely determined by their ability to remove mites through autogrooming. If autogrooming is the primary mechanism of colony resistance to tracheal mites, selection for resistance to tracheal mites using infestation of hemizygous drones may be inefficient. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM jvilla@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s10493-005-2647-y PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990GR UT WOS:000233731700001 PM 16323047 ER PT J AU Li, AY Davey, RB Miller, RJ George, JE AF Li, AY Davey, RB Miller, RJ George, JE TI Mode of inheritance of amitraz resistance in a Brazilian strain of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE amitraz resistance; Boophilus microplus; cattle tick; genetics; inheritance ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; SPIDER-MITE ACARI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; TETRANYCHIDAE; INSECTICIDES; LEPIDOPTERA; RECEPTORS; AUSTRALIA; DIAZINON AB The southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), has developed resistance to amitraz in several countries in recent years. A study was conducted at the USDA Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory in Texas to investigate the mode of inheritance of amitraz resistance with cross-mating experiments. The Munoz strain, a laboratory reared acaricide-susceptible reference strain, was used as the susceptible parent and the Santa Luiza strain, originating in Brazil, was used as the resistant parent. A modified Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test was used to measure the levels of susceptibility of larvae of the parental strains, F-1, backcross, F-2, and F-3 generations. Results of reciprocal crossing experiments suggested that amitraz resistance was inherited as an incomplete recessive trait. There was a strong maternal effect on larval progeny's susceptibility to amitraz in both the F-1 and the subsequent generations. The values of the degree of dominance were estimated at -0.156 and -0.500 for the F-1 larvae with resistant and susceptible female parents, respectively. Results of bioassays on larval progeny of the F-1 backcrossed with the resistant parent strain and that of the F-2 generations suggested that more than one gene was responsible for amitraz resistance in the Santa Luiza strain. Comparisons of biological parameters (engorged female weight, egg mass weight, and female-to-egg weight conversion efficiency index) indicated significant differences between different genotypes. The differences appeared to be heritable, but not related to amitraz resistance. Results from this study may have significant implications for the management of amitraz resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Li, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM andrew.li@ars.isda.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10493-005-3260-9 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 990GR UT WOS:000233731700004 PM 16323050 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Stoffregen, WS AF Olsen, Steven C. Stoffregen, W. S. TI Essential role of vaccines in brucellosis control and eradication programs for livestock SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE Brucella; brucellosis; control and eradication programs; vaccines; zoonosis ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; MELITENSIS REV-1 VACCINE; BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PREGNANT CATTLE; OVIS INFECTION; CALFHOOD VACCINATION; CONJUNCTIVAL ROUTES; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY AB Brucellosis, in particular infections with Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis or Brucella suis, remains a significant human health threat in many areas of the world. The persistence of pathogenic Brucella spp. in domestic livestock or free-ranging wildlife remains unresolved, despite decades of regulatory efforts worldwide. Although vaccination is probably the most economic control measure, administration of currently available vaccines alone is not sufficient for elimination of brucellosis in any host species. Complacency in brucellosis control programs usually results in failure, or at best, limited reductions in disease prevalence or incidence of human infections. New brucellosis vaccines with high efficacy and safety are needed that address the diversity in host species and can be more widely applied under field conditions. Development of safer and more efficacious vaccines alone, or combined with enhancements or increased emphasis on other regulatory program components, could have tremendous impact on reducing the worldwide prevalence of brucellosis and the associated zoonotic infections. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov; Wstoffregen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 117 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 915 EP 928 DI 10.1586/14760584.4.6.915 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 089ZT UT WOS:000240921100020 PM 16372886 ER PT J AU Comas, S Cross, D AF Comas, S Cross, D TI The Hutton Junior fisheries Biology Program: The USDA Forest Service experience - A valued partnership SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Comas, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM scomas@fs.fed.us; dcross01@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 12 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 992ZM UT WOS:000233922500006 ER PT J AU White, WH Adamski, D Fine, G Richard, EP AF White, WH Adamski, D Fine, G Richard, EP TI Stemborers associated with smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae), in a nursery habitat SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Crambidae; Coleophoridae; pest introductions; sugarcane ID PLANTHOPPERS; COMPETITION; MARSH AB Extensive ecological studies have been conducted on insects inhabiting native stands of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel; however, this is not the case for insects found in smooth cordgrass in a nursery habitat. We investigated species composition and larval disposition among stemborers (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae and Crambidae) infesting stems of smooth cordgrass in nursery plots. One thousand and forty stems of smooth cordgrass were randomly selected in 2003 and examined for presence of stemborer larvae. Height of larvae on or within stem, height of stem from ground level to top-visible dewlap, and condition of the leaf-whorl were documented. Stemborers representing six species of Lepidoptera were recovered. These species were Blastobasis graminea Adamski (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae); a four-species complex comprised of Diatraea saccharalis (F.), Chilo demotellus Walker, Chilo plejadellus Zincken, and Thaumatopsis probably actuella Barnes & McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); and Donacaula probably unipunctella Robinson (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Larvae were generally on different parts of the stem and, with the possible exception of larvae of the four species complex, seemed unlikely to contact one another. Blastobasis graminea was the most abundant species collected (n = 128; 52%) and was located at the base of the stem (eq (x) over bar eqx- = 6.7 +/- 5.4 cm). The four-species complex was the next most abundant (n = 85; 35%) and was always found within the stalk about mid-way up the stem (eq (x) over bar = 16.7 +/- 8.6 cm). Donacaula sp. was the least abundant species (n. 32; 13%) and was always found in the tight leaf-whorl just above the stem meristem (eq (x) over bar = 23.6 +/- 15.4 cm). A total of 544 (52%) of the stems sampled had a dead leaf-whorl, but only 140 (26%) were infested. Stemborer species did not significantly affect the number of plants with and without deadhearts. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC USA. USDA, NRCS Golden Meadow Plant Mat Ctr, Galliano, LA 70364 USA. RP White, WH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[390:SAWSCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700006 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Mizell, RF Bloem, KA Hight, SD Carpenter, JE AF Bloem, S Mizell, RF Bloem, KA Hight, SD Carpenter, JE TI Laboratory evaluation of insecticides for control of the invasive Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insecticides; invasives; Cactoblastis cactorum; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; cypermethrin; emamectin benzoate; abamectin; spinosad; azadirachtin; fenoxycarb; imidacloprid; acephate; Bacillus thuringiensis ID NORTH-AMERICA AB We conducted laboratory assays of mile products registered for use on ornamental plants in Florida for their ovicidal and larvicidal activity against the invasive cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum. One-hundred percent mortality (or 0% survival) of 1-day-old eggs was obtained when eggstick sections were treated with cypermethrin, spinosad, or imidacloprid. These products were equally as effective when assayed against eggs that were fully embryonated (28 days old), when cladodes of Opuntia stricta were exposed to neonates 24 hours after dipping, or to cladodes that were dipped and stored for 30 days before exposure. When Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel(R)) was used to prevent neonate penetration into treated cladodes of O. stricta, 100% mortality (or 0% survival) was recorded in the laboratory. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, ARS,CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. ARS, USDA, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[395:LEOIFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700007 ER PT J AU Weathersbee, AA McKenzie, CL AF Weathersbee, AA McKenzie, CL TI Effect of a neem biopesticide on repellency, mortality, oviposition, and development of Diaphorina citri (Homoptera : Psyllidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; Diaphorina citri; citrus; neem; azadirachtin ID AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; FIELD-EVALUATION; SEED EXTRACT; HYMENOPTERA; APHIDS; GROWTH; INSECTICIDE; ENCYRTIDAE; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY AB The biological effects of a neem-based biopesticide, containing 4.5% azadirachtin, were assessed against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a recently introduced insect pest and potential disease vector of citrus in the United States. Over the concentration range 11-180 ppm azadirachtin, no mortality of adult psyllids was observed when exposed to treated plants. Adult psyllids demonstrated a small but significant repellent effect from treated plants in a choice experiment, but showed no preference to oviposit on treated or untreated plants. Psyllid nymphs were susceptible to azadirachtin at very low concentrations and activity perhaps was due to developmental inhibition. At a concentration of 22.5 ppm azadirachtin, ecdysis was not observed past 4 days after treatment and all nymphs were dead within 7 days. The densities of psyllid nymphs on treated plants exposed to a greenhouse population were significantly reduced by concentrations as low as 10 ppm azadirachtin. Over the range of concentrations used in these experiments, the product caused no phytotoxicity to tender foliage of either citrus or orange jasmine plants. Field trials are warranted to determine suitability of neem-based biopesticides for inclusion in citrus integrated pest management programs. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Weathersbee, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[401:EOANBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700008 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Mislevy, P AF Meagher, RL Mislevy, P TI Trapping Mocis spp. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) adults with different attractants SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mocis latipes; Mocis disseverans; Mocis marcida; acetic acid; 3-methyl-1-butanol; grass loopers ID STRIPED GRASS LOOPER; XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; LATIPES LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; ACETIC-ACID; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS; LACANOBIA-SUBJUNCTA; FLORAL COMPOUNDS; MOTHS AB Experiments conducted in a pasture agroecosystem in central Florida showed that two-component lures composed of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol placed in Unitraps collected adults of three species of grass looper. Mocis disseuerans (Walker), M. latipes (Guenee), and M. marcida (Guenee) males and females were collected from July through November, with peaks from late September through late October. Other noctuid moths also were captured, but constituted less than 33% of the total moths collected. In 2001 and 2002, 67.7 and 72.4% of the Mocis spp. moths collected were females, respectively. Phenylacetaldehyde-baited traps collected fewer Mocis spp. moths. The trapping system suggested by our results will aid growers in monitoring for a pest complex that lacks commercially-available sex pheromone lures. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[424:TMSLNA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700011 ER PT J AU Conklin, T Blaske-Lietze, VU Becnel, JJ Boucias, DG AF Conklin, T Blaske-Lietze, VU Becnel, JJ Boucias, DG TI Infectivity of two isolates of Helicosporidium spp. (Chlorophyta : Trebouxiophyceae) in heterologous host insects SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Helicosporidium spp.; entomopathogenic alga; mosquitoes; citrus root weevil; bioassays ID SP PROTOZOA; PARAMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; NAVEL ORANGEWORM; PARASITICUM; MOSQUITOS; THAILAND AB Members of the genus Helicosporidium are the first described algal insect pathogens. They have a close affinity to the non-photosynthetic algae of the genus Prototheca, and have a wide host range, infecting many species of aquatic and terrestrial insects. In this study the infectivity of two Helicosporidium spp. isolates, originating from a black fly (SjHe) and an aquatic weevil (CsHe), was tested against a weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) and three mosquito species Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Aedes aegypti (L.). The weevil constitutes a new experimental host record for helicosporidia. The CsHe isolate was more virulent than the SjHe isolate in D. abbreviatus. Anopheles quadrimaculatus was the most susceptible mosquito species measured by infection rate and mortality. The infectivity and virulence of SjHe and CsHe isolates did not differ in any of the mosquito species. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 431 EP 440 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[431:IOTIOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700012 ER PT J AU Burns, SN Vander Meer, RK Teal, PEA AF Burns, SN Vander Meer, RK Teal, PEA TI The effect of age and social environment on dealation in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) female alates SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE fire ant; primer pheromone; mating flight ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; PRIMER PHEROMONE; NESTMATE RECOGNITION; COLONIES; QUEENS; BUREN AB The fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) queen produces a primer pheromone that prevents dealation (wing removal) of cohabiting female alates presumably by suppressing endogenous titers of juvenile hormone (JH). Alates are released from the effects of this primer pheromone when they are separated from the queen by physical disturbance, queen death, or mating flights. We investigated whether maturity influences the time at which female alates shed their wings. Results indicated that dealation rates were not different for newly-eclosed (sexually immature) or sexually mature alates. The dealation inhibitory pheromone did not suppress the casting of wings in newly-eclosed female alates that were relieved of their antennae. Dealation normally occurs within 1 h of a mating flight, whereas uninseminated alates isolated from colony members shed their wings significantly later. Therefore, dealation in the context of the colony and after mating flights appears to occur via separate mechanisms. C1 Alabama State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Burns, SN (reprint author), Alabama State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, 915 S Jackson St, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[452:TEOAAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700015 ER PT J AU Miller, DR AF Miller, DR TI Selected scale insect groups (Hemiptera : Coccoidea) in the southern region of the United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA AB This publication includes general discussions on the Conchaspididae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Ortheziidae, Pseudococcidae, and Putoidae. Keys are presented for genera in the families Eriococcidae, Ortheziidae, and Pseudococcidae. Material for each family include introduction, field appearance, diagnosis, life history, important references, illustration of a slide-mounted adult female, and a checklist of the species occurring in the Southern Region of the United States and their distribution by state. C1 PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, USDA, Room 137,Bldg 005,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 69 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 482 EP 501 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[482:SSIGHC]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700018 ER PT J AU Hodges, GS Evans, GA AF Hodges, GS Evans, GA TI An identification guide to the whiteflies (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) of the southeastern United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Aleyrodidae; Aleyrodinae; Aleurodicinae; whiteflies; key; illustrated key AB Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) are some of the most potentially detrimental pests for agricultural crops and the ornamental plant industry in the southeastern U.S. Generic and species-level identification can be difficult for entomology identifiers that have not received specialized training, but correct identification is essential for (1) the detection of exotic, invasive species and (2) providing proper management recommendations for established pest problems. In order to assist in the identification of commonly occurring specimens in the southeastern U.S. and promote the early detection of exotic species, a generic level key with corresponding distribution records has been developed for thirty four genera and/or whitefly species. Photographs of slide-mounted specimens are provided for each species. C1 Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hodges, GS (reprint author), Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 518 EP 534 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[518:AIGTTW]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700020 ER PT J AU Held, DW Boyd, D Lockley, T Edwards, GB AF Held, DW Boyd, D Lockley, T Edwards, GB TI Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae) in the southeastern United States: Distribution and review of biology SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LAUREL THRIPS THYSANOPTERA C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Mississippi Dept Agr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Commerce Bur Plant Ind, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Held, DW (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, 1815 Popps Ferry Rd, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. EM david.held@msstate.edu; dboyd@ars.usda.gov; tim@mdac.state.ms.us; edwardg@doacs.state.fl.us NR 10 TC 20 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 538 EP 540 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[538:GUTPIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700023 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Pereira, RM AF Valles, SM Pereira, RM TI Developmental expression of a transferrin in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; JUVENILE-HORMONE; UP-REGULATION; INFECTION; CDNA; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[541:DEOATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700024 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Houston, O AF Blanco, CA Houston, O TI Manufacture and use of a trap to assess Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) adult emergence SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; SURVIVAL; TEXAS C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 544 EP 546 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[544:MAUOAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700025 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E AF Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E TI Lack of an irradiation effect on the mating performance of mass-reared males of the Mediterranean fruit fly SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; FLIES DIPTERA; FIELD CAGES; TEPHRITIDAE; COMPETITIVENESS; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; WILD; COURTSHIP C1 APHIS, USDA, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 4 BP 547 EP 548 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[547:LOAIEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006WP UT WOS:000234928700026 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Keum, YS Li, QX Fodey, TL Elliott, CT AF Shelver, WL Keum, YS Li, QX Fodey, TL Elliott, CT TI Development of an immunobiosensor assay for the beta-adrenergic compound zilpaterol SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analysis; beta-agonists; immunosensor; residue; SPR; zilpaterol ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; OPTICAL IMMUNOBIOSENSOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AGONIST RACTOPAMINE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; BIOSENSOR ANALYSIS; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; ILLEGAL USE; URINE; MILK AB A surface plasmon resonance biosensor method was developed to measure zilpaterol residues in sheep urine. A CM-5 sensor chip previously reacted with ethylenediamine to produce an aminoethyl group was coupled with 4-carboxybutyl zilpaterol activated using EDC/NHS. Five polyclonal and four monoclonal antibodies were screened for their suitability to detect low levels of zilpaterol using the biosensor technology. Total binding was greater for polyclonal than monoclonal antibodies, but a less diluted antibody solution was required for polyclonal antibodies. A fixed antibody concentration and various concentrations of zilpaterol were injected to obtain a standard curve for each antibody to allow for B-0 and IC50 determination. The stability of the assay was assessed by the consistency of B0 in repeated experiments extending at least six hours. A measure of non-specific binding allowed the assessment of the specificity of the antibody-immobilized ligand interaction. The effect of varying concentrations of urine on B-0 and IC50 was evaluated to assess the degree of "matrix'' effect that would be present in an assay. Based on these criteria the most promising antibody (2E10, a monoclonal antibody) was selected for further evaluation. This antibody had good sensitivity with IC50 = 4.47 +/- 0.41 ng/ml (n = 11) in buffer). Both intra- and inter-assay variation studies showed excellent recovery and reproducibility for concentrations between 2 ng/ml and 8 ng/ml. A comparison of the biosensor method with a previously developed ELISA demonstrated that both methods give equivalent results ( slope of the correlation plot = 1.02) with a high correlation (r(2) = 0.91) between them. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1080/09540100500253279 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 997ZM UT WOS:000234287600004 ER PT J AU Brabban, AD Hite, E Callaway, TR AF Brabban, AD Hite, E Callaway, TR TI Evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA STRAINS; TOXIN-ENCODING BACTERIOPHAGES; TRANSDUCING ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; HIGH-FREQUENCY-TRANSDUCTION; DAY ENROFLOXACIN TREATMENT; MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS; SHIGA-TOXIN AB Temperate bacteriophages have always been central to the evolution of bacteria, although their importance has been consistently underestimated compared to transformation and conjugation. In the last 20 years, as more gene and genome sequences have become available and researchers have more accurately determined bacteriophage populations in the environment, we are gaining a clearer picture of their role in the past and potential role in the future. The transductive and lysogenic capacities of this class of bacteriophages have contributed to the evolution and shaping of emerging foodborne pathogenic bacteria through the dissemination of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. For example, the genome sequences of Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and the Stx-encoding bacteriophages demonstrate the critical role bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer events played in the evolution of these high-profile human pathogens. In this review, we describe the basic genetic exchange mechanisms mediated by temperate bacteriophages and how these mechanisms have been central to the dissemination of virulence genes, such as toxins and antibiotics from one species to another (the shiga-like toxins, and multiple antibiotic resistance dissemination in Salmonella are used as specific examples). Data demonstrating the role of bacteriophages in the spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, including interspecies transduction, are also presented. That temperate bacteriophages play a role in the on-going evolution of emerging pathogenic bacteria is obvious, but it is also clearly an on-going process with a breadth that must be appreciated as well as studied further if we are to be able to foresee what new challenges will arise to imperil food safety. C1 Evergreen State Coll, Sci Inquiry Planning Unit, Lab 2, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Brabban, AD (reprint author), Evergreen State Coll, Sci Inquiry Planning Unit, Lab 2, 2700 Evergreen Pkwy, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. EM brabbana@evergreen.edu NR 135 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.287 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100003 PM 16366852 ER PT J AU Kim, LM Gray, JT Harmon, BG Jones, RD Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Kim, LM Gray, JT Harmon, BG Jones, RD Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from growing piglets receiving antimicrobial feed additives SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID REPLICA PLATING METHOD; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FECAL COLIFORMS; SUBTHERAPEUTIC CONCENTRATIONS; INTESTINAL FLORA; UNITED-STATES; SWINE; PIGS; CHLORTETRACYCLINE; BACTERIA AB Concerns regarding an apparent association between the use of antimicrobial feed additives (AFAs) in food animal production and a concomitant increase in antimicrobial drug resistance among zoonotic enteropathogens have provided the impetus to propose cessation of their use. While AFAs have been used in food animal production for nearly 50 years, the future use of AFAs will require an understanding of the effects of different classes of antimicrobials on the antimicrobial resistance of commensal flora. The present study examines the effect of three AFAs (apramycin, carbadox, and chlortetracycline) on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli in growing piglets and on animal performance. Three replicate trials were conducted using growing piglets fed standard diets with and without antimicrobial feed additives (AFAs). Fecal samples were cultured selectively for F. coli at regular intervals from all piglets from birth to market and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli isolates was performed using a replica-plate screening method and a broth microdilution method. While resistance to tetracycline in E. coli varied widely by sample, group, and trial, a significant increase in the percentage of resistant isolates was observed in piglets receiving AFAs when compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Resistance to apramycin increased in E. coli from piglets fed apramycin when compared to controls (p < 0.0001). However, upon removal of apramycin, resistance in E. coli declined to baseline levels by day 75. Piglets receiving AFAs demonstrated improved feed efficiency during phase 4 (p < 0.001), and higher average daily gains in phases 3 and 4 (p < 0.0001). This study suggests that antimicrobial resistance to AFAs in E. coli is drug-dependent and that some antimicrobials may be suitable for continued use in feeds during specified growth periods without concern for persistence of resistant E. coli populations. C1 ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 304 EP 316 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.304 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100004 PM 16366853 ER PT J AU Kim, LM Gray, JT Bailey, JS Jones, RD Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Kim, LM Gray, JT Bailey, JS Jones, RD Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI Effect of porcine-derived mucosal competitive exclusion culture on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from growing piglets SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; REPLICA PLATING METHOD; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; PIGS; SALMONELLA; SWINE; AGENTS; FLORA; COLONIZATION AB While use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock production has made a significant impact on animal health, welfare, and productivity, interest in suitable alternatives such as pre/probiotics, organic acids, and cultures of normal flora or "competitive exclusion" cultures from young animals has increased significantly in the wake of the antimicrobial resistance issue. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of porcine-derived mucosal competitive exclusion (PCE) culture on both the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal E. coli and on growth performance in piglets. Two replicate trials were conducted using growing piglets fed standard antimicrobial-free production diets. Piglets in the treatment group were orally dosed with PCE (10(10) cfu/mL) twice within 24 h of birth, at weaning, and 18-24 h post-weaning; control group piglets were dosed with sterile broth as a placebo. Fecal samples from all piglets were cultured for commensal E. coli at dosing times and when feed type was changed. A significantly higher proportion of E. coli from PCE-treated piglets demonstrated resistance to tetracycline (p < 0.0001), and streptomycin (p < 0.0001) when compared to controls. Resistance to streptomycin resistance in E. coli from piglets treated with PCE culture was variable, returning to baseline levels by day 21 (weaning). Piglets treated with the PCE culture demonstrated improved feed efficiencies when compared to control piglets (p < 0.005) during feeding of the starter and first growth diets. The PCE culture used in the present study had previously been shown to effectively exclude Salmonella in pigs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report characterizing the effect of a competitive exclusion culture on antimicrobial resistance of commensal E. coli. C1 ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pcray@saa-ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.317 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100005 PM 16366854 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Strohmeyer, RA Morley, PS Hyatt, DR Salman, MD AF Dargatz, DA Strohmeyer, RA Morley, PS Hyatt, DR Salman, MD TI Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from cattle feed ingredients SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DAIRY HERDS; INFECTION; PRODUCTS AB The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the frequency with which feed ingredients or mixed feeds in cattle feedlots were contaminated with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. and (2) to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of non-type-specific Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. recovered from feed ingredients or mixed feeds. Approximately 30 individual samples were collected from each of several feed commodities present on two cattle feedlots each month for 1 year. Half of the samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, and the other half were cultured for Salmonella spp. E. coli was recovered from 48.2% (516/1070) of the samples and from all feed ingredient types at least once. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 5.3% (57/1070) of samples. Overall, 40.3% (207/514) of E. coli isolates and 54.4% (31/57) of Salmonella spp. isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested in the panel. Bacterial contamination of feed ingredients used at cattle feedlots with enteric bacteria is relatively common. In some cases, the enteric organisms are resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Feed ingredients may be a source of genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance for feedlot cattle. To be successful in minimizing foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in the cattle feedlot setting, it is important to consider the myriad of potential sources of these organisms or genetic elements. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B MS 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; NR 16 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.341 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100007 PM 16366856 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, S TI Survival, injury, and virulence of freeze-stressed plasmid-bearing virulent Yersinia enterocolitica in ground pork SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The effect of freezing at -20 degrees C on survival, injury, stability of the virulence plasmid, and expression of virulence-associated determinants of Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) in ground pork was assessed. The viable counts on nonselective and selective media after 12 weeks of freezing were similar to counts obtained before freezing, indicating that the YEP+ strain survived the freezing process. There was no evidence of freeze-stress injury. Results of a PCR assay targeting plasmid-associated virF gene and virulence determinants indicate that YEP+ subjected to freezing are potentially capable of causing food-borne illness and freezing is not a substitute for safe handling and proper cooking of pork. C1 ARS, MFS Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, MFS Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM sbhaduri@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.353 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 052RU UT WOS:000238252100009 PM 16366858 ER PT J AU Hudgins, JW McDonald, GI Zambino, PJ Klopfenstein, NB Franceschi, VR AF Hudgins, JW McDonald, GI Zambino, PJ Klopfenstein, NB Franceschi, VR TI Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE PINACEAE; WESTERN WHITE-PINE; POLYPHENOLIC PARENCHYMA CELLS; BEETLE-ASSOCIATED FUNGUS; RESIN DUCT FORMATION; BLUE STAIN FUNGI; BLISTER RUST; DEFENSE RESPONSES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE AB White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) causes extensive damage to white pines and their associated ecosystems across North America. The anatomical and cellular characteristics of C. ribicola colonization in Pinus monticola branch and stem tissues were studied as a basis for understanding host tree reactions that may be related to resistance. Samples examined showed typical fusiform swelling and some had produced aecia. The reaction of phloem and xylem tissues was compared with non-infected tissue using light and electron microscopy. Cortical parenchyma and phloem polyphenolic parenchyma cells underwent mitotic division, cell swelling, and ca sixfold greater accumulation of phenolic compounds in colonized vs. control stems. In the cortex and secondary phloem, haustoria were common in parenchymatous cells, and hyphae were abundant in the intercellular spaces, but cell death was rare, unless aecia had ruptured the stem cortex. Hyphae were also common in xylem rays, tracheids and between tracheids. Disease-induced changes in the cambial zone included development of cambium-derived xylem traumatic resin ducts. Results demonstrate that diverse host defence responses were activated in the bark of apparently susceptible trees, but lack of mechanical damage by C. ribicola to the phenol-containing host cells and the resin duct system allowed extensive colonization and development of aecia despite elicitation of these stem defences. Interactions between P. monticola and C. ribicola are discussed and compared with other conifer-fungus pathosystems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Klopfenstein, NB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 423 EP 443 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00425.x PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 986FF UT WOS:000233434800004 ER PT J AU Schimleck, LR Jones, PD Clark, A Daniels, RF Peter, GF AF Schimleck, LR Jones, PD Clark, A Daniels, RF Peter, GF TI Near infrared spectroscopy for the nondestructive estimation of clear wood properties of Pinus taeda L. from the southern United States SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INCREMENT CORES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STIFFNESS; RADIATA; DENSITY; SAMPLES AB The estimation of specific gravity (SG), modulus of elasticity (MOR), and modulus Of rupture (MOR) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clear wood samples from a diverse range of sites across the southern United States was investigated using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial and cross sectional (original, rough,and sanded) surfaces of blocks cut from the ends of 280 clear wood samples (140 matching juvenile and mature wood). Calibrations based only on juvenile Or mature wood samples had weak calibration statistics and failed to perform well when applied to a separate test set. Calibrations developed using both juvenile and mature wood NIR spectra provided good relationships for all properties with coefficients of determination (r(2)) ranging from 0.82 (MOE, radial face)to 0.90 (SG, radial face)demonstrating that it is possible to obtain Multi-Site calibrations for SG, MOE, and MOR estimation. Prediction r(2) ranged from 0.77 (MOE, radial face and SG, original cross-sectional face) to 0.86 (MOR, sanded cross-sectional face). Though differences between surfaces were small, on average the sanded cross-sectional surface provided the best calibration and prediction statistics. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Schimleck, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lschimleck@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; pdj7477@owl.forestry.uga.edu; aclark@fs.fed.us; ddaniels@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; gfpeter@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900004 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Morrell, JJ Simonsen, J Lebow, S AF Kang, SM Morrell, JJ Simonsen, J Lebow, S TI Creosote movement from treated wood immersed in fresh water SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Creosote has a long history of successful use as a wood preservative, but polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this preservative have raised environmental concerns, particularly when creosote-treated wood is used in aquatic environments. A number of models have been developed to predict the risk of creosote use in aquatic environments, but one limitation of these models is a lack of data oil the initial rates of creosote migration from treated wood. In this study, the effect of flow rates oil creosote migration from freshly treated wood immersed in fresh water were examined. Seven of 16 polyaromatic hydrocarbons listed as hazardous pollutants were detectable with the analytical protocol developed. Creosote component levels declined from values in the tens of mu g/cm(2) day to undetectable levels within 7 days, with the exception of phenanthrene, indicating that creosote migration decreased sharply after initial exposure. These data provide the experimental foundation for the development of mathematical models to predict emissions from creosote-treated wood into the aquatic environment. C1 Korea Forest Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), Korea Forest Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. EM simonsen@oregonstate.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900007 ER PT J AU Clarke, JW White, MS Araman, PA AF Clarke, JW White, MS Araman, PA TI Comparative performance of new, repaired, and remanufactured 48-by 40-inch GMA-style wood pallets SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The pallet repair industry has been growing at significant rates in the United States. It It has been estimated that the repair industry received 299 million pal lets in 2001, and a majority went back into the marketplace as repaired or remanufactured pal lets. Many question how well these pallets perform when compared to new pallets. The purpose of this research was to provide a benchmark for the relative performance (strength, stiffess, and durability) of new, repaired, and remanufactured 48- by 40-inch, three-stringer, partial four-way, flush, non-reversible, Grocery Manufacturers of America (GMA)-type pallets. GMA-type pallets were selected because they are the most common wood pallets repaired and remanufactured in the United States. The pallets in this study were sampled in 1995 from locations throughout the United States. Repaired pallets were separated into three grades. Performance tests showed differences between new, repaired, and remanufactured pallets. Bending strength and stiffness spanning pallet stringers declined and variation increased as repair quality decreased. This was expected because repair quality is segregated according to stringer repair level. There was little difference in the bending strength and stiffness of new and used GMA-style pallets spanning the deckboards. Stringer repair had a small effect on performance when spanning deckboards. Remanufactured pallets were less strong and stiff due to nail holes in many of the used parts. The new, remanufactured, and Grade A GMA-type wood pallets performed similarly when tested for structural durability and should have comparable service lire in use. Greater standardization of repair practices would result ill performance improvements of repaired wood pallets. C1 Nelson Co, Baltimore, MD USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Clarke, JW (reprint author), Nelson Co, Baltimore, MD USA. EM mswhite@vt.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900014 ER PT J AU Alderman, D Luppold, W AF Alderman, D Luppold, W TI Examination of regional hardwood roundwood markets in West Virginia SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB West Virginia's large and diverse hardwood resource ranges from oak-hickory forests in the Southern and northwestern regions of the state to northern hardwood stands in the northeastern region. West Virginia is home to a diverse group of primary hardwood processing industries including hardwood grade mills, industrial hardwood sawmills, engineered wood-product manufacturers, rustic-fence plants, face-veneer manufacturers, I hardwood plywood mill, and several roundwood and pulpwood concentration yards that supply mills in Ohio and Virginia. Each of these primary hardwood-processing industries has specific roundwood requirements with respect to species and quality resulting in a diverse set of roundwood markets. The diversity of West Virginia's roundwood markets were examined based oil a detailed survey of 30 logging and associated roundwood merchandising operations. The harvesting operations Surveyed merchandise roundwood to an average Of four markets each. The production of sawlogs or peeler logs, however, appears to be driving these operations. Other roundwood markets appear less important or secondary but Still influence the profitability of logging operations. Of the species harvested in West Virginia, yellow-poplar is the most versatile because of its use for sawlogs, peeler logs, and rustic fencing. Yellow-poplar also is utilized most often in the production of oriented strandboard. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Alderman, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Princeton, NJ USA. EM dalderman@fs.fed.us; wluppold@fs.fed.us RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900026 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA West, M AF Clausen, CA West, M TI Test method for assessing resistance of pine lumber and waferboard to mold SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Methods are needed to evaluate the ability of framing lumber and composite construction materials to withstand mold growth when they are exposed to rain between manufacture and installation. A laboratory-control led rain chamber was developed to expose biocide-treated specimens of pine lumber and waferboard to bi-weekly wetting followed by re-inoculation with test fungi. In the rain chamber mold test, an experimental biocide, which contained propiconazole, performed as well as the positive control, which contained iodo carbamate and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. However, results from the rain chamber test method did not correlate with results from a standard ASTM laboratory mold test for the experimental biocide. In additional tests of kiln-dried, rewetted, and unseasoned pine, untreated specimens showed heavy mold growth after 7 days regardless of their original moisture content. Results for a matching set of specimens dip-treated in disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) revealed that rewetted and unseasoned specimens Supported mold growth equally well after a 4-week incubation in the laboratory mold test, while DOT-treated kiln-dried specimens moderately inhibited mold growth. These specimens likely retained more treatment than did their wet counterparts. Ideally, waferboard and kiln-dried pine should be rewetted to adequately Support mold growth in the standard laboratory mold test. The rain chamber mold test provided prolonged conditions of high moisture, even for kiln-dried pine and waferboard specimens, and mimicked exposure Of Construction materials to moisture during storage. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forser Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forser Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us; west_white@watervalley.net NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 164 EP 166 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900028 ER PT J AU Wang, QW Wang, WH Winandy, JE AF Wang, QW Wang, WH Winandy, JE TI Effects of a new GUP-B fire retardant on mechanical properties of Korean pine when exposed to elevated temperature SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREATED WOOD; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; STRENGTH AB The bending properties of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) treated with a newly formulated guanylurea phosphate (GUP) fire retardant were evaluated. The chemical processing method used to formulate this fire retardant (called FRW) results in an organic phosphate fire-retardant system with less acidic pH and fewer impurities. The fire-retardant chemical studied consisted of high purity GUP, boric acid (B), and a minor amount of additives. The clear specimens of pine treated with FRW were either air-dried after treatment of kiln-dried at 70 degrees C and were then subjected to various durations of a steady-state exposure at 66 degrees Cand 75 percent relative humidity. No significant differences in thermal degradation between the untreated controls and the FRW-treated pine were found regardless of whether it was air-dried or kiln-dried after treatment. However, for other tested fire retardants with much lower pH values, kiln-redrying induced significantly more degradation compared with air-redried material. On exposure to elevated temperature, the strength and stiffness of FRW-treated Korean pine experienced deterioration, but the extent was less than that previously reported for other GUP-B formulations produced using different manufacturing processes. Because of its milder acidity which results from the modified manufacturing process, enhanced stability related to thermal degradation was noted for this enhanced GUP-B(ERW). C1 NE Forestry Univ, Res Inst Wood Sci & Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wang, QW (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Res Inst Wood Sci & Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China. EM qwwang@mail.hr.hl.cn; jwinandy@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900037 ER PT J AU Fleming, MR Janowiak, JJ Kimmel, JD Halbrendt, JM Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K AF Fleming, MR Janowiak, JJ Kimmel, JD Halbrendt, JM Bauer, LS Miller, DL Hoover, K TI Efficacy of commercial microwave equipment for eradication of pine wood nematodes and cerambycid larvae infesting red pine SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREES AB The feasibility of using commercial 2.45-GHz microwave equipment to kill cerambycid larvae and pine wood nematodes (PWN) [Bursaphelenchux xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer)Nickle] infesting lumber was investigated. Research goals were to test a system of seperating green material into moisture content (MC) ranges and to determine the feasibility of using internal wood tenperature as the critical lethal treatment parameter. Prior research suggested the MC is a critical factor to consider in scaling up from laboratory-scale experiments with small volume specimens to full-sized lumber using commercial treatment processes. Commercial units used for this study were a chamber design unit for batch irradiation treatment and a continuous conveying tunnel design of microwave equipment fitted with optimal air heaters. Because red pine is a preferred host of PWN and has high wood MC, microwave irradiation trials were conducted with red pine directly obtained from freshly sawn logs. The trials conducted using batch irradiation resulted in 100-percent mortality in all treated red pine materials (4- by 4- by 20-in cant samples) infested with PWN or beetle larvae above a measured wood temperature of 62 degrees C, regardless of wood MC. In contrast, treatments of 1-inch-thick boards using continuous feed microwave irradiation achieved 100-percent morality at lower wood temperatures. These results werew encouraging and indicate commercial microwave (2.45 GHz) treatment may be a feasible alternative to concentional heat treatment or methyl bromide fumigation. C1 Penn State Univ, Forest Resources Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Fruit Res Ctr, Biglerville, PA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fleming, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Forest Resources Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mrf813@yahoo.com; jjj2@psu.edu; jdk121@psu.edu; jmh23@psu.edu; lsbaeur@msu.edu; debmiller@fs.fed.us; kxh25@psu.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900039 ER PT J AU Mitchell, HL White, M Araman, P Hamner, P AF Mitchell, HL White, M Araman, P Hamner, P TI Hardwood pallet cant quality and pallet part yields SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Raw materials are the largest cost component in pallet manufacturing. The primary raw material used to produce pallet parts are pallet cants. Therefore, pallet cant quality directly impacts pallet part processing and material costs. By knowing the quality of the cants being processed, pallet manufacturers can predict these costs and improve manufacturing efficiency. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate hardwood cant grading rules for use by pallet manufacturers and Suppliers. Yield Studies were necessary to accurately quantify the relationship between pallet part yield and cant quality. Twenty-eight yield Studies were conducted throughout the Eastern United States at pallet mills producing parts from hardwood cants. Three preliminary pallet cant grades were used to segregate the cants according to the Volume Of unsound wood. A total of 47,258 board feet of hardwood cants were graded and processed into pallet parts. Pallet part yield and yield losses were determined for each preliminary cant grade. The average pallet part yield from the preliminary cant Grades 1, 2, and 3 were 83, 77, and 47 percent, respectively. Yield losses attributed to unsound defects were 2, 8, and 39 percent for preliminary Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. It was shown that although the grade rules produced statistically different quality divisions between grades, a more practical approach is to establish a single minimum cant quality based oil yield and an economic assessment of cant and pallet part value. A new cant grading procedure is proposed specifying a single cant grade permitting LIP to one-third (33%) unsound volume. C1 Atlanta Hardwoods Corp, Mableton, GA 30059 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Mitchell, HL (reprint author), Atlanta Hardwoods Corp, Mableton, GA 30059 USA. EM hmitchell@hardwoodweb.com; mswhite@vt.edu; paraman@vt.edu; phamner@vt.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900040 ER PT J AU Gu, HM Wang, SQ Neimsuwan, T Wang, SG AF Gu, HM Wang, SQ Neimsuwan, T Wang, SG TI Comparison study of thickness swell performance of commercial oriented strandboard flooring products SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLAKEBOARD MANUFACTURE; FUNDAMENTALS; MAT; OSB AB The multiple layer structure of oriented strandboard (OSB) has I significant influence oil its performance, including thickness swell (TS). TS is recognized as an important performance property for OSB products. Optimization of TS through layer property manipulation to achieve the lowest total TS while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties is attainable if the influence of OSB panel parameters oil layer TS is known. In this Study, the effect of wood species, resin type, and vertical density profile (VDP) oil the total and layer TS were examined. Results from a small sample of commercial OSB panels indicated that aspen OSB exhibited the lowest total TS among the three commonly used materials for OSB panels (Southern yellow pine, aspen, and yellow-poplar) in North America. Comparison of the product's VDP indicated the panel characterized with a flat density in the face and core regions and all abrupt drop in density from face to core forming a "u-shaped" profile may provide good dimensional stability (layer TS) due to the structural uniformity in each region. The high-density Surface layers placed a significant effect oil the panel's total TS. Seventy-three, 70,65, and 55 percent of the total TS occurred in the top and bottom face regions, which accounted for less than 50 percent of the panel thickness, at 2-, 8-, 24-, and 96-hour water exposure times. With the increase of water exposure time, face dominating TS decreased. Statistically significant linear relationships were found between the edge TS and TS at I inch inside from the edge, which is the standard TS for panel products in ASTM D 1037 at each water-exposure time. The difference between the two TSs decreased with the time of water exposure. The trends demonstrated by this research, while not inclusive of all commercial OSB, may be useful for assessing manufacturing process changes to improve TS performance. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Alberta Res Council, Edmonton, AB T6H 5X2, Canada. RP Gu, HM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM hgu@fs.fed.us; swang@utk.edu; tneimsuwan@utk.edu; Sunguo@arc.ab.ca NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 55 IS 12 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 994QS UT WOS:000234046900041 ER PT J AU Ylioja, T Slone, DH Ayres, MP AF Ylioja, T Slone, DH Ayres, MP TI Mismatch between herbivore behavior and demographics contributes to scale-dependence of host susceptibility in two pine species SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial scale; hierarchical transition; disturbance; Scolytinae; Pinus ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ATTACK BEHAVIOR; PEST-MANAGEMENT; BEETLE; SCOLYTIDAE; TREE; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; MODEL AB The impacts on forests of tree-killing bark beetles can depend on the species composition of potential host trees. Host susceptibility might be an intrinsic property of tree species, or it might depend on spatial patterning of alternative host species. We compared the susceptibility of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (P. virginiana) to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) at two hierarchical levels of geographic scale: within beetle infestations in heterospecific stands (extent ranging from 0.28 to 0.65 ha), and across a forest landscape (extent 72,500 ha) that was dominated by monospecific stands. In the former, beetles preferentially attacked Virginia pine (tree mortality = 65-100% in Virginia pine versus 0-66% in loblolly pine), but in the latter, loblolly stands were more susceptible than Virginia stands. This hierarchical transition in host susceptibility was predicted from knowledge of (1) a behavioral preference of beetles, for attacking loblolly versus Virginia pine, (2) a negative correlation between preference and performance, and (3) a mismatch in the domain Of scale between demographics and host selection by individuals. There is value for forest management in understanding the processes that can produce hierarchical transitions in ecological patterns. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ylioja, T (reprint author), Finnish Forest Res Inst, Suonenjoki Res Stn, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland. EM tiina.ylioja@metla.fi; dslone@usgs.gov; matthew.p.ayres@dartmouth.edu OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 522 EP 531 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 993RY UT WOS:000233973800002 ER PT J AU Dimov, LD Chambers, JL Lockhart, BR AF Dimov, LD Chambers, JL Lockhart, BR TI Spatial continuity of tree attributes in bottomland hardwood forests in the southeastern United States SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial dependence; geostatistics; variogram; cross-varioram ID STAND STRUCTURE; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; TOOLS; AREA AB Sustainable forest management and conservation require understanding of underlying basic structural and competitive relationships. To gain insight into these relationships, we analyzed spatial continuity of tree basal area (BA) and crown projection area (CPA) on twelve 0.64-ha plots in four mixed bottomland hardwood stands in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Variogram range indicated that BA spatial continuity of trees with dbh > 10.0 cm extended an average 4.5 m. This distance equaled the quadratic mean crown radius (QMCR) of the overstory trees. Overall, 95% of the variability in BA was accounted for by the spatially structured variance and could be modeled as spatial dependence. Removal of suppressed trees from the analyses reduced the variability in BA at small separation distances and increased the variogram range. The average spatial continuity of unsuppressed trees averaged 18.2 m and was 17.6, 18.5, and 18.5 in based on the BA variograms, CPA variograms, and cross-variograms, respectively. This distance corresponded to four times the QMCR of the overstory trees and extended far enough to encompass the first- and second-order neighbors. The results suggest an existence of complex competitive influences and confirm findings in nonwoody vegetation that competitive effects can propagate beyond the direct neighbors. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dimov, LD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ldimov1@lsu.edu; jchamb@lsu.edu; blockhart@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 532 EP 540 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 993RY UT WOS:000233973800003 ER PT J AU Ward, BC Mladenoff, DJ Scheller, RM AF Ward, BC Mladenoff, DJ Scheller, RM TI Simulating landscape-level effects of constraints to public forest regeneration harvests due to adjacent residential development in northern Wisconsin SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; landscape modeling; landscape composition; landscape structure ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES REGION; LAND-USE; HARDWOOD FORESTS; URBAN FRINGE; FIRE REGIMES; OLD-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; TIMBER AB Residential development in rural forests is currently one of the most prominent land use changes in the United States. Such development can have important effects on ecosystem processes and landscape patterns. It can also constrain forest management on public lands, influencing tree species composition and age structure at the landscape scale. We used the forest landscape simulation model LANDIS-II to analyze changes to the landscape patterns of tree species composition, age structure, windthrow disturbance, and aboveground live biomass across a range of constraints to public forest timber harvests on a northern Wisconsin landscape. Our results demonstrate that decreasing harvest area through the use of buffers reduces the dominance of early-successional species, increases the dominance of mid to later-successional species, and shifts the stand age distribution within the landscape toward older forests. These buffers increase the spatial heterogeneity of dominant species and age structure at the landscape scale, and lead to more windthrow disturbance. We believe that our study can inform policyrnakers, forest managers, and scientists about potential long-term landscape-level effects of interaction between residential development and forest management. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ward, BC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM bward@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 NR 95 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 616 EP 632 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 993RY UT WOS:000233973800012 ER PT J AU Maerz, JC Brown, CJ Chapin, CT Blossey, B AF Maerz, JC Brown, CJ Chapin, CT Blossey, B TI Can secondary compounds of an invasive plant affect larval amphibians? SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian larvae; Bufo americanus; detritus; Hyla versicolor; invasive plants; phenolics ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; LEAF-LITTER; STREAM ECOSYSTEM; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; DECOMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; DETRITUS AB 1. There is significant concern over the impacts of plant invasions on habitat quality for native fauna. Recent research suggests that non-native Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) invasions may negatively affect the performance of larval American Toad tadpoles (Bufo americanus), and that compounds leached from L. salicaria leaves play a direct or indirect role in this effect. 2. We raised individual B. americanus and Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles on high-quality diets in aqueous extracts of senescent leaves from L. salicaria, native Broad-Leaf Cattail (Typha latifolia), and control water to determine whether loosestrife extracts directly affect anuran tadpole performance. 3. Even at high artificial food levels, B. americanus survival was significantly lower in L. salicaria extracts compared with T. latifolia extracts and a water control. Food level strongly affected B. americanus development, but tadpoles raised in L. salicaria extract were less developed compared with conspecifics raised in cattail extract or water. Unlike B. americanus, Hyla performance was not affected by exposure to any plant extract compared with the water control. 4. Our study implicates secondary plant compounds as a mechanism underlying the impact of an invasive plant on some but not all native fauna. We hypothesize that high tannin concentrations of L. salicaria leaves have the potential to create environments that are directly toxic to B. americanus tadpoles. We hypothesize that obligate gill breathers such as B. americanus tadpoles are highly sensitive to gill damage caused by high concentrations of phenolics. Other anuran species such as H. versicolor that develop well-functioning lungs early may be less affected by high tannin concentrations. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ecol & Management Invas Plants Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, PPRU Fed Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Maerz, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ecol & Management Invas Plants Program, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jmaerz@forestry.uga.edu NR 32 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 970 EP 975 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01054.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 994JR UT WOS:000234028500008 ER PT J AU Posada-Buitrago, ML Frederick, RD AF Posada-Buitrago, ML Frederick, RD TI Expressed sequence tag analysis of the soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phakopsora pachyrhizi; genome analysis; cDNA sequencing; expressed sequence tags; gene expression ID FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; RICE BLAST FUNGUS; V CHITIN SYNTHASE; MOTOR-LIKE DOMAIN; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; GENE-EXPRESSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; CONIDIAL GERMINATION AB Soybean rust is caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow. A unidirectional cDNA library was constructed using mRNA isolated from germinating P. pachyrhizi urediniospores to identify genes expressed at this physiological stage. Single pass sequence analysis of 908 clones revealed 488 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs, unigenes) of which 107 appeared as multiple copies. BLASTX analysis identified 189 unigenes with significant similarities (E-value < 10(-5)) to sequences deposited in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. A search against the NCBI dbEST using the BLASTN algorithm revealed 32 ESTs with high or moderate similarities to plant and fungal sequences. Using the Expressed Gene Anatomy Classification, 31.7% of these ESTs were involved in primary metabolism, 14.3% in gene/protein expression, 7.4% in cell structure and growth, 6.9% in cell division, 4.8% in cell signaiing/cell communication, and 4.8% in cell/organism defense. Approximately 29.6% of the identities were to hypothetical proteins and proteins with unknown function. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Frederick, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM rfrederick@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; POSADA, MARTHA/G-7927-2012 NR 73 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 12 BP 949 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.06.004 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 992MB UT WOS:000233886900001 PM 16291502 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Islam-Faridi, MN Klein, PE Stelly, DM Price, HJ Klein, RR Mullet, JE AF Kim, JS Islam-Faridi, MN Klein, PE Stelly, DM Price, HJ Klein, RR Mullet, JE TI Comprehensive molecular cytogenetic analysis of sorghum genome architecture: Distribution of euchromatin, heterochromatin, genes and recombination in comparison to rice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; MAIZE GENOME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHYSICAL MAPS; SSR MARKERS; DNA; EVOLUTION; BICOLOR; SIZE AB Cytogenetic maps of sorghum chromosomes 3-7, 9, and 10 were constructed on the basis of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of similar to 18-30 BAC probes mapped across each of these chromosomes. Distal regions of euchromatin and pericentromeric regions of heterochromatin were delimited for all 10 sorghum chromosomes and their DNA content quantified. Euchromatic DNA spans similar to 50% of the sorghum genome, ranging from similar to 60% of chromosome 1 (SBI-01) to similar to 33% of chromosome 7 (SBI-07). This portion of the sorghum genome is predicted to encode similar to 70% of the sorghum genes (similar to 1 gene model/12.3 kbp), assuming that rice and sorghum en code a similar number of genes. Heterochromatin spans similar to 411 Mbp of the sorghum genome, a region characterized by a similar to 34-fold lower rate of recombination and similar to 3-fold lower gene density compared to euchromatic DNA. The sorghum and rice genomes exhibit a high degree of macrocolinearity; however, the sorghum genome is similar to 2-fold larger than the rice genome. The distal euchromatic regions of sorghum chromosomes 3-7 and 10 are similar to 1.8-fold larger overall and exhibit an similar to 1.5-fold lower average rate of recombination than the colinear regions of the homeologous rice chromosomes. By contrast, the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions of these chromosomes are on average similar to 3.6-fold larger in sorghum and recombination is suppressed similar to 15-fold compared to the colinear regions of rice chromosomes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jmullet@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 76 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 10 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1963 EP 1976 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.048215 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 999RB UT WOS:000234407100046 PM 16143604 ER PT J AU Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB AF Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB TI Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium in cold-hardiness- and wood quality-related candidate genes in Douglas fir SO GENETICS LA English DT Review ID CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; DNA-SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; HIGH-SALINITY STRESSES; EXPRESSION PROFILES; FREEZING TOLERANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX TRAITS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POPULATION GENOMICS AB Nuclear sequence variation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) were studied in 15 cold-hardiness- and 3 wood quality-related candidate genes in Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. This set of genes was selected on the basis of its function in other plants and collocation with cold-hardiness-related quantitative trait loci (QTL). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery panel represented 24 different trees from six regions in Washington and Oregon plus parents of a segregating population used in the QTL study. The frequency of SNPs was one SNP per 46 by across coding and noncoding regions on average. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were also moderately high with H-d = 0.827 +/- 0.043 and pi = 0.00655 +/- 0.00082 on average, respectively. The nonsynonymous (replacement) nucleotide substitutions were almost five times less frequent than synonymous ones and substitutions in noncoding regions. LD decayed relatively slowly but steadily within genes. Haploblock analysis was used to define haplotype tag SNPs (htSNPs). These data will help to select SNPs for association mapping, which is already in progress. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv,Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 102 TC 99 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 12 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 171 IS 4 BP 2029 EP 2041 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.044420 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 999RB UT WOS:000234407100051 PM 16157674 ER PT J AU Danzmann, RG Cairney, M Davidson, WS Ferguson, MM Gharbi, K Guyomard, R Holm, LE Leder, E Okamoto, N Ozaki, A Rexroad, CE Sakamoto, T Taggart, JB Woram, RA AF Danzmann, RG Cairney, M Davidson, WS Ferguson, MM Gharbi, K Guyomard, R Holm, LE Leder, E Okamoto, N Ozaki, A Rexroad, CE Sakamoto, T Taggart, JB Woram, RA TI A comparative analysis of the rainbow trout genome with 2 other species of fish (Arctic charr and Atlantic salmon) within the tetraploid derivative Salmonidae family (subfamily : Salmoninae) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE linkage analysis; genetic markers; polyploidy; tetrasomic inheritance; segregation distortion; recombination rate ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LINKAGE MAP; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; HOUSE MOUSE; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; LOCI; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB We updated the genetic map of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for 2 outcrossed mapping panels, and used this map to assess the putative chromosome structure and recombination rate differences among linkage groups. We then used the rainbow trout sex-specific maps to make comparisons with 2 other ancestrally polyploid species of salmonid fishes, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to identify homeologous chromosome affinities within each species and ascertain homologous chromosome relationships among the species. Salmonid fishes exhibit a wide range of sex-specific differences in recombination rate, with some species having the largest differences for any vertebrate species studied to date. Our current estimate of female:male recombination rates in rainbow trout is 4.31:1. Chromosome structure and (or) size is associated with recombination rate differences between the sexes in rainbow trout. Linkage groups derived from presumptive acrocentric type chromosomes were observed to have much lower sex-specific differences in recombination rate than metacentric type linkage groups. Arctic charr is karyotypically the least derived species (i.e., possessing a high number of acrocentric chromosomes) and Atlantic salmon is the most derived (i.e., possessing a number of whole-arm fusions). Atlantic salmon have the largest female:male recombination ratio difference (i.e., 16.81:1) compared with rainbow trout, and Arctic charr (1.69:1). Comparisons of recombination rates between homologous segments of linkage groups among species indicated that when significant experiment-wise differences were detected (7/24 tests), recombination rates were generally higher in the species with a less-derived chromosome structure (6/7 significant comparisons). Greater similarity in linkage group syntenies were observed between Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, suggesting their closer phylogenetic affinities, and most interspecific linkage group comparisons support a model that suggests whole chromosome arm translocations have occurred in the evolution of this group. However, some possible exceptions were detected and these findings are discussed in relation to their influence on segregation distortion patterns. We also report unusual meiotic segregation patterns in a female parent involving the duplicated (homeologous) linkage group pair 12/16 and discuss several models that may account for these patterns. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. INRA, Lab Fish Genet, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. Danish Inst Agr Sci, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Inst Res & Innovat, Dept Biotechnol, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770861, Japan. RP Danzmann, RG (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rdanzman@uoguelph.ca RI Holm, Lars-Erik/A-4678-2013; Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013; Gharbi, Karim/C-5771-2012; SAKAMOTO, Takashi/O-1949-2014; OI Holm, Lars-Erik/0000-0002-5312-3579; Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290; Gharbi, Karim/0000-0003-1092-4488; SAKAMOTO, Takashi/0000-0002-8399-851X; Taggart, John/0000-0002-3843-9663 NR 48 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 31 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1051 DI 10.1139/G05-067 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 000OZ UT WOS:000234473000012 PM 16391673 ER PT J AU Kuhl, JC Havey, MJ Martin, WJ Cheung, F Yuan, QP Landherr, L Hu, Y Leebens-Mack, J Town, CD Sink, KC AF Kuhl, JC Havey, MJ Martin, WJ Cheung, F Yuan, QP Landherr, L Hu, Y Leebens-Mack, J Town, CD Sink, KC TI Comparative genomic analyses in Asparagus SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE asparagus; GC content; duplication ID BASE COMPOSITION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; PLANTS; MAIZE; OFFICINALIS; SOFTWARE; ORIGIN; RICE; SIZE AB Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) belongs to the monocot family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales. Onion (Allium cepa L.) and Asparagus officinalis are 2 of the most economically important plants of the core Asparagales, a well supported monophyletic group within the Asparagales. Coding regions in onion have lower GC contents than the grasses. We compared the GC content of 3374 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from A. officinalis with Lycoris longituba and onion (both members of the core Asparagales), Acorus americanus (sister to all other monocots), the grasses, and Arabidopsis. Although ESTs in A. officinalis and Acorus had a higher average GC content than Arabidopsis, Lycoris, and onion, all were clearly lower than the grasses. The Asparagaceae have the smallest nuclear genomes among all plants in the core Asparagales, which typically have huge genomes. Within the Asparagaceae, European Asparagus species have approximately twice the nuclear DNA of that of southern African Asparagus species. We cloned and sequenced 20 genomic amplicons from European A. officinalis and the southern African species Asparagus plumosus and observed no clear evidence for a recent genome doubling in A. officinalis relative to A. plumosus. These results indicate that members of the genus Asparagus with smaller genomes may be useful genomic models for plants in the core Asparagales. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Penn State Univ, Mueller Lab 612, Dept Biol & Life Sci Consortium, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sink, KC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sink@msu.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1060 DI 10.1139/G05-073 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 000OZ UT WOS:000234473000013 PM 16391674 ER PT J AU Lee, BS Kim, MY Wang, RRC Waldron, BL AF Lee, BS Kim, MY Wang, RRC Waldron, BL TI Relationships among 3 Kochia species based on PCR-generated molecular sequences and molecular cytogenetics SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RAPD; STS; ndhF; GISH; FISH; mixoploidy; forage kochia ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PROSTRATA L SCHRAD; RDNA LOCI; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; DELPHINIUM SPP.; CHROMOSOMES; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB Forage kochia (Kochia prostrata ssp. virescens 'Immigrant' is native to the arid and semiarid regions of central Eurasia. It was introduced into the United States in 1966 as PI 314929 and released as a perennial forage shrub in 1984. Kochia americana is a perennial native to the United States, whereas Kochia scorparia is an introduced annual species that became a weed. To assess both the breeding potential and the possibility of genetic contamination, relationships among the 3 Kochia species were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, sequence tagged site (STS) marker sequences of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase gene (ndhF), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (MC-FISH). Seventy decamer random primers yielded 458 polymorphic bands from 9 plants of K. americana, 20 plants of K. prostrata, and 7 plants of K. scoparia. Fifty-four and 55 species-specific RAPD markers were identified for K. americana and K. prostrata, whereas 80 RAPD markers were specific to K. scoparia. Based on the presence or absence of informative RAPD markers, the 3 species always grouped into 3 distinct clusters in a NTSYSpc2.01b-generated dendrogram. The same relationships were found among the 3 Kochia species based on ndhF DNA sequence divergence. Using a set of 7 STS markers that can identify each Kochia species, we did not find a single interspecific hybrid from artificial hybridizations among the 3 Kochia species. In GISH studies, chromosomes of 1 species fluoresced in green only when they were probed by genomic DNA of the same species. Cross-hybridization by genomic DNA of another species was not observed. In FISH studies using pTa71 (for 18S-5.8S-26S rDNAs) and pScT7 (for 5S rDNA) as probes, there were 1, 1 and 3 pTa71 sites and 2, 1, and 1 pScT7 sites in each haplome of K. prostrata, K. americana, and K. scoparia, respectively. It is concluded that these 3 Kochia species are so genomically distinct that gene introgression among them would be extremely rare. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Jeonju Univ, Dept Biol, Sch Nat Sci, Jeonju 560759, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Div Biol Sci, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rrcwang@cc.usu.edu NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1115 DI 10.1139/G05-070 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 000OZ UT WOS:000234473000018 PM 16391679 ER PT J AU Lamoureux, D Peterson, DG Li, WL Fellers, JP Gill, BS AF Lamoureux, D Peterson, DG Li, WL Fellers, JP Gill, BS TI The efficacy of Cot-based gene enrichment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE gene enrichment; renaturation kinetics; gene; rich regions; bread wheat ID MAIZE GENOME; DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; DNA; DATABASE AB We report the results of a study on the effectiveness of Cot filtration (CF) in the characterization of the gene space of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a large genome species (1C = 16 700 Mb) of tremendous agronomic importance. Using published Cot data as a guide, 2 genomic libraries for hexaploid wheat were constructed from the single-stranded DNA collected at Cot values > 1188 and 1639 M center dot s. Compared with sequences from a whole genome shotgun library from Aegilops tauschii (the D genome donor of bread wheat), the CF libraries exhibited 13.7-fold enrichment in genes, 5.8-fold enrichment in unknown low-copy sequences, and a 3-fold reduction in repetitive DNA. CF is twice as efficient as methylation filtration at enriching wheat genes. This research suggests that, with improvements, CF will be a highly useful tool in sequencing the gene space of wheat. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. INRA Ameliorat & Sante Plantes, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsgill@ksu.edu OI Peterson, Daniel/0000-0002-0274-5968 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2005 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1139/G05-080 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 000OZ UT WOS:000234473000020 PM 16391681 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Tanner, GW AF Greenberg, CH Tanner, GW TI Spatial and temporal ecology of oak toads (Bufo quercicus) on a Florida landscape SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE amphibian populations; anuran breeding; Bufo quercicus; ephemeral ponds; hydroperiod; metapopulation; oak toads; temporary wetlands; wetlands ID RANA-CAPITO; POND; DYNAMICS; RESTORATION; AMPHIBIANS; SANDHILLS; COMMUNITIES AB We used data from 10 years of continuous, concurrent monitoring of oak toads at eight isolated, ephemeral ponds in Florida longleaf pine-wiregrass uplands to address: (1) did weather variables affect movement patterns of oak toads?; (2) did pond hydrology and the condition of surrounding uplands affect pond selection by adults or juvenile recruitment?; (3) were population trends evident?; and (4) did a classical metapopulation model best represent their population ecology? Of 4076 oak toads captured, 92.2% were adults. Substantial (n >= 30 exiting juveniles) recruitment Occurred only three times (once each at three ponds during two years). Males outnumbered females (average for all years 2.3:1). Most captures occurred during May-September. Adult captures during June-August increased with heavier rainfall but were not influenced by the durations of preceding dry periods. Movement patterns of metamorphs suggested that oak toads emigrated when moisture conditions become favorable. Pond use by adults was correlated with maximum change in Pond depth (May-September). juvenile recruitment was negatively correlated with minimum pond depth and the number of weeks since a pond was last dry, and positively correlated with the maximum number of weeks a pond held water continuously. The number of breeding adults and juvenile recruitment were highest at Ponds within the hardwood-invaded upland matrix. The direction of most immigrations and emigrations was nonrandom, but movement occurred from all directions, and the mean direction of pond entry and exit did not always correspond. A total of 21.1% of individuals was recaptured; 13.3% of first captures were recaptured during the same year, and 7.7% during a subsequent year. Only 1.9% of captured oak toads moved among ponds, mostly within a distance of 132 m. We did not detect adult population trends over the 10 yr studied. Presence or absence at ponds in any, given year was a poor indicator of overall use. We saw little evidence of local extinction or "rescue," but were unable to determine whether juveniles returned to natal ponds or colonized new Ponds for breeding as adults. Oak toad conservation can best be ensured by maintaining multiple ponds within a landscape to increase the probability of recruitment within the landscape neighborhood during at least some years and at some ponds, and to increase the likelihood of interpond movement. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Benk Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Benk Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 4 BP 422 EP 434 DI 10.1655/04-89.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 987KS UT WOS:000233517400010 ER PT J AU Cousins, P AF Cousins, P TI Rootstock breeding: An analysis of intractability SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 18-21, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci AB Breeding rootstocks for fruit crops is slower than scion breeding in the same species. This is due to the testing requirements of rootstocks that reduce the opportunity for comprehensive first tests on individual plants and to expanding selection criteria for rootstocks. Rootstock breeding is a relatively new discipline of fruit crop improvement and novel functions of rootstocks still are being understood and developed; this increases the requirements of rootstocks without diminishing the testing requirements. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cousins, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1945 EP 1946 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200003 ER PT J AU Owens, CL AF Owens, CL TI Breeding temperate fruit crops for improved freezing tolerance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science CY JUL 18-21, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Horticultural Sci ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; RESPONSIVE GENE-EXPRESSION; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; PLANT COLD-ACCLIMATION; PERSICA L BATSCH; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; APPLE-TREES; DROUGHT AB Low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors limiting crop plant growth, distribution, and productivity. New cultivars with improved freezing tolerance are a common breeding objective of many temperate fruit breeding programs. Improved freezing tolerance would prevent crop loss due to low temperature and reduce yearly fluctuations in crop quantity and quality. Breeding temperate fruit cultivars for improved freezing tolerance is made difficult by several factors, including complexity of the phenotype, difficulty in accurate measurement of the phenotype, and lack of fundamental knowledge concerning the inheritance and genetic control of this trait. Results from inheritance studies of freezing tolerance in temperate fruit crops as well as recent research in forestry genetics highlight some of the challenges and opportunities for further elucidating the inheritance of freezing tolerance in temperate fruit crops. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted describing the molecular biology and signal transduction of the cold acclimation response in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings have begun the transfer to research in agriculturally important crops and hold great promise for elucidating novel methods for generating new fruit cultivars; with improved freezing tolerance. C1 Cornell Univ, Plant Genet Resources Unit, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Owens, CL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plant Genet Resources Unit, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1950 EP 1953 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200005 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Okie, EG AF Okie, WR Okie, EG TI Check digits for detecting recording errors in horticultural research: Theory and examples SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding; error detection; modular arithmetic; data collection; modulus ID SYSTEMS AB Check digit technology is frequently used in commercial applications such as shipping labels and credit cards to flag errors in numbers as they are used. Most systems use modular arithmetic to calculate a check digit from the digits in the identification number. Check digits are little used in horticultural research because the guidelines for implementing them are neither well known nor readily accessible. The USDA-ARS stone fruit breeding program at Byron, Ga., plants thousands of trees annually, which are identified using a 2-digit year prefix followed by a sequential number that identifies the tree location in the rows. Various records are taken over the life of the tree including bloom and fruit characteristics. Selected trees are propagated and tested further. To improve the accuracy of our records we have implemented a system which uses a check number which is calculated from the identification number and then converted to a letter that is added onto the end of the identification number. The check letter is calculated by summing the products of each of the digits in the number multiplied by sequential integers, dividing this sum by 23, and converting the remainder into a letter. Adding a single letter suffix is a small change and does not add much complexity to existing data collection. The types of errors caught by this system are discussed, along with those caught by other common check digit systems. Check digit terminology and theory are also covered. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Radford Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Radford, VA 24142 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1956 EP 1962 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200007 ER PT J AU Paul, LC Metzger, JD AF Paul, LC Metzger, JD TI Impact of vermicompost on vegetable transplant quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE earthworm castings; Eisenia fetida; tomato; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; eggplant; Solanum melongena L.; pepper; Capsicum annuum L.; soilless media; peat alternatives ID PROCESSED ORGANIC WASTES; PLANT-GROWTH; HUMIC ACIDS; PIG MANURE; COMPOST; MEDIA; N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; EARTHWORMS; SEEDLINGS; TOMATOES AB Vermicomposting is a promising method of transforming unwanted and virtually unlimited supplies of organic wastes into usable substrates. In this process, the digestive tracts of certain earthworm species (e.g., Eisenia fetida) are used to stabilize organic wastes. The final product is an odorless peat-like substance, which has good structure, moisture-holding capacity, relatively large amounts of available nutrients, and microbial metabolites that may act as plant growth regulators. For these reasons, vermicompost has the potential to make a valuable contribution to soilless potting media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transplant quality and field performance of vegetable transplants grown in vermicompost. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants were grown in a commercial soilless mix including 0%, 10%, or 20% (v/v) worm-worked cattle manure. Growth of vegetable transplants was positively affected by addition of vermicompost, perhaps by altering the nutritional balance of the medium. Transplant quality was improved in peppers and eggplants while tomato transplant quality was slightly reduced. There were no significant differences in field performance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Metzger, JD (reprint author), USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Res & Dev Div, 3251 Old Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM metzger.72@osu.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2020 EP 2023 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200021 ER PT J AU Frantz, JM Locke, JC Pitchay, DS Krause, CR AF Frantz, JM Locke, JC Pitchay, DS Krause, CR TI Actual performance versus theoretical advantages of polyacrylamide hydrogel throughout bedding plant production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOIL; GROWTH; MEDIA; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; IMPACT; SALTS; CO2 AB An appropriate blend of growing media components increases water holding capacity and reduces irrigation frequency. Synthetic commercial materials, referred to as hydrogels, have remarkable hydrating properties, but can add significantly (about 15%) to the cost of growing media. The literature generally states that the physical characteristics of hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), are altered by the presence of divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+). Few studies, however, have simultaneously investigated plant growth and development and media characteristics on a daily basis throughout plant production. Thus, the mechanisms explaining the reported beneficial and/or detrimental effects from PAM incorporation remain hidden. In this study, canopy ground cover of two species [pansy (riola x wittrockiana Gams) and new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull)] was measured daily, from transplanting to marketable size, using digital imaging to determine growth differences of plants grown in media containing different amounts of PAM. Media water content was determined with time-domain reflectance probes every 10 minutes in media treatments. Total number of irrigation events, time between irrigation events, root development after 4 and 8 weeks of growth, flower number, flower longevity, and dry masses of the shoot were also measured. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant structural differences in hydrated PAM depending on water quality. The pansy canopy coverage was significantly greater with hydrogels, and root growth early in production was enhanced with PAM. No such effect was observed for new guinea impatiens. Total flower numbers and flower longevity of new guinea impatiens decreased-with increasing amount of PAM (16.7% or higher) in the media. PAM incorporation reduced the need for irrigation early in production for both species, but by the end of production, those new guinea impatiens plants were smaller (less shoot dry mass) and required irrigation as often as plants grown without PAM. This effect coincided with reduced media volume, air capacity, and total porosity in PAM-containing media. Theoretical analysis of the potential benefits from hydrogels confirms the potential benefit early in production with little to no benefit later in production and in post-production. These data will assist growers in determining if the benefits derived from the use of PAM justify the added cost of medium. C1 Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Frantz, JM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, Mail Stop 604,2801 W Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2040 EP 2046 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200026 ER PT J AU Hogmire, HW Miller, SS AF Hogmire, HW Miller, SS TI Relative susceptibility of new apple cultivars to arthropod pests SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; cultivar evaluation; insect susceptibility ID NE-183 REGIONAL PROJECT; MAGGOT DIPTERA; RESISTANCE; TEPHRITIDAE; FRUIT; PERFORMANCE; TREES; APHID AB As part of a regional NE-183 project (Multidisciplinary Evaluation of NewApple Cultivars), 23 apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) cultivars were evaluated for arthropod pest susceptibility. Incidence or injury data were collected from six foliage and eight fruit pests under field conditions over a four year period (2000-03). Cultivars were ranked based on susceptibility (least to most) to each pest, and rankings were summed for members of the foliage and fruit pest group to develop a susceptibility rating for foliage, fruit and all pests combined. Cultivars with lowest susceptibility to foliage pests included 'GoldRush' and 'Pioneer Mac', whereas 'Yataka' and 'Cameo' were most susceptible. For fruit pests, susceptibility was lowest for 'Pristine' and 'Sunrise', and highest for 'Cameo', 'Fuji Red Sport #2', and 'Gala Supreme'. When both foliage and fruit pests were combined, susceptibility was lowest for 'Sunrise' and 'Pioneer Mac', and highest for 'Cameo'. Some increasingly popular cultivars had high levels of injury from a few pests, including plum curculio and apple maggot on 'Ginger Gold', codling moth and oriental fruit moth on 'Cameo', and japanese beetle, plum curculio and apple maggot on 'Honeycrisp'. A positive and significant correlation was found between day of harvest and percent fruit injury from codling moth/oriental fruit moth and tufted apple bud moth/redbanded leafroller, with later maturing cultivars experiencing higher injury levels presumably due to more exposure to later generations of these pests. Differences among cultivars in pest incidence and injury can be used by growers to improve pest management through cultivar selection, or by making modifications in control programs based on cultivar susceptibility. C1 W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hogmire, HW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Kearneysville Tree Fruit Res & Educ Ctr, POB 609, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Henry.Hogmire@mail.wvu.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2071 EP 2075 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200032 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Davis, RF Mueller, JD Fery, RL Langston, DB Miller, G AF Thies, JA Davis, RF Mueller, JD Fery, RL Langston, DB Miller, G TI Host resistance and metam sodium for managing root-knot nematodes in a pepper-cucumber rotation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Cucumis sativus; Meloidogyne incognita; metam sodium; nematode resistance; root-knot nematode ID BELL PEPPER; SQUASH; YIELD AB Root-knot nematode-resistant 'Charleston Belle'bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) and metam sodium treatment were evaluated for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall-cropped cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). 'Charleston Belle' and its susceptible recurrent parent, 'Keystone Resistant Giant', were planted as spring crops at Blackville, S.C., and Tifton, Ga. 'Charleston Belle'exhibited high resistance and 'Keystone Resistant Giant'was susceptible at both locations. After termination of the bell pepper crop, one-half of the plots were treated with metam sodium delivered through the drip irrigation system. Cucumber yields and numbers of fruit were highest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following either 'Charleston Belle' or 'Keystone Resistant Giant'; however, root gall severity and numbers of M. incognita eggs in the roots were lowest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following 'Charleston Belle'. Conversely, root gall severity and nematode reproduction were highest for cucumber grown in plots following 'Keystone Resistant Giant' without metam sodium treatment. Application of metam sodium through the drip irrigation system following a spring crop of root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper should reduce severity of root galling and reproduction of M. incognita as well as increase fruit yield of fall-cropped cucumber. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. Univ Georgia, Rural Dev Ctr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM jthies@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2080 EP 2082 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200034 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Eisele, TA Drake, MA Elfving, DC Drake, SL Visser, DB AF Drake, SR Eisele, TA Drake, MA Elfving, DC Drake, SL Visser, DB TI The influence of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and ethephon on objective and sensory quality of 'Delicious' apples and apple juice at harvest and after storage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; growth regulators; bioregulators; fruit quality ID COLOR DEVELOPMENT; PREHARVEST DROP; GROWTH; ETHYLENE; ACID; INCREASE; FRUITS; CHERRY; TREES; AVG AB This study was conducted over three crop seasons using 'Delicious'(Scarletspur strain) apple trees on MM.111 ' rootstock. The bioregulators aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and ethephon (ETH) were applied alone or in combinations at various time intervals before harvest. Fruit response to bioregulators was evaluated at harvest and after storage. AVG applied 4 weeks before first harvest retarded starch loss at harvest, retained greater firmness, and reduced internal ethylene concentration and watercore of fruit at harvest and after both regular and controlled atmosphere storage. AVG did not influence peel color (hue values), but the flesh color of treated apples was more green. AVG in all instances tended to reduce the sensory scores for apples and apple juice. In contrast, ETH enhanced starch hydrolysis, flesh color development (green to more yellow), and soluble solids concentration while reducing titratable acidity levels. ETH had no influence on fruit firmness at harvest, but reduced firmness levels after storage in an inverse relationship to the concentration applied. Sensory values for whole apples were not influenced by ETH treatment, but ETH improved sensory preference for apple juice, particularly at early harvest. Applying AVG before ETH enhanced soluble solids and sensory scores for both fruit and juice. Treating with AVG followed by ETH at 150 mg-L-1 permitted the maintenance of satisfactory firmness values (> 53.4 N) after long-term storage along with better quality and sensory perceptions. Using specific combinations of both AVG and ETH permitted ETH-mediated improvements in objective and perceived fruit quality to be obtained without the losses in flesh firmness and storability due to uncontrolled ethylene evolution and ripening typically observed when ETH is applied alone preharvest. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Tree Top Inc, Selah, WA 98942 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2102 EP 2108 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200039 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Dickson, E Shenk, R Johnson, RS Crisosto, CH Trout, TJ AF Bryla, DR Dickson, E Shenk, R Johnson, RS Crisosto, CH Trout, TJ TI Influence of irrigation method and scheduling on patterns of soil and tree water status and its relation to yield and fruit quality in peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; evapotranspiration; microirrigation; soil water content; stem water potential; water relations ID REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION; RESTRICTED ROOT VOLUME; TRICKLE IRRIGATION; CROP LOAD; MINERAL-NUTRITION; GRAPEFRUIT TREES; GROWTH; DRIP; DENSITY; STRESS AB A 3-year study was done to determine the effects of furrow, microspray, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on production and fruit quality in mature 'Crimson Lady'peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow and microspray irrigations were scheduled weekly or biweekly, which is common practice in central California, while surface and subsurface drip irrigations were scheduled daily. Trees were maintained at similar water potentials following irrigation by adjusting water applications as needed. Tree size and fruit number were normalized among treatments by pruning and thinning each season. Surface and subsurface drip produced the largest fruit on average and the highest marketable yields among treatments. Drip benefits appeared most related to the ability to apply frequent irrigations. Whether water was applied above or below ground, daily irrigations by drip maintained higher soil water content within the root zone and prevented cycles of water stress found between less-frequent furrow and microspray irrigations. With furrow and microsprays, midday tree water potentials reached as low as -1.4 MPa between weekly irrigations and -1.8 MPa between biweekly irrigations, which likely accounted for smaller fruit and lower yields in these treatments. To reduce water stress, more frequent irrigation is probably impractical with furrow systems but is recommended when irrigating during peak water demands by microspray. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Parlier, Dept Plant Sci, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM brylad@onid.orst.edu OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170; Johnson, Randall/0000-0002-4084-6639 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2118 EP 2124 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200042 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Klassen, W Li, YC Codallo, M Abdul-Baki, AA AF Wang, QR Klassen, W Li, YC Codallo, M Abdul-Baki, AA TI Influence of cover crops and irrigation rates on tomato yields and quality in a subtropical region SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cowpea; soil N; sorghum sudangrass; sunn hemp; velvetbean ID HAIRY VETCH; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; NITROGEN; SOIL; MULCH; FERTILIZATION; RESIDUES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; WATER AB Intensive rainfall during summer causes substantial nutrient leaching in a subtropical region, where most vegetable lands lay fallow during this period. Also, an excessive amount of irrigation water supplied during the winter vegetable growing season leads to soil nutrient loss, which greatly impacts vegetable yields, especially in soils that possess a low capacity to retain soil water and nutrients. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various summer cover crops and irrigation rates on tomato yields and quality, and on soil fertility in a subtropical region of Florida. The cover crops were sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.)'Tropic Sun'], cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp,'Iron Clay'], velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], and sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.], with a weed-free fallow as a control. The cover crops were planted during late Spring 2001 and 2002, incorporated into the soil in the fall, and tomatoes [Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) 'Sanibel'] were grown on raised beds during Winter 2001-02 and 2002-03, respectively. Irrigation in various treatments was controlled when tensiometer readings reached -5, -10, -20, or -30 kPa. The cover crops produced from 5.2 to 12.5 Mg-ha(-1) of above ground dry biomass and 48 to 356 Mg-ha(-1) of N during 2001-02 and from 3.6 to 9.7 Mg-ha(-1) of dry biomass and 35 to 277 kg-ha(-1) of N during 2002-03. The highest N contribution was made by sunn hemp and the lowest by sorghum sudangrass. Based on 2-year data, tomato marketable yields were increased from 14% to 27% (p <= 0.05) by growing cover crops, and the greatest increase occurred in the sunn hemp treatment followed by the cowpea treatment. Irrigation at -10, -20, and -30 kPa significantly improved marketable yields by 14%, 12%, and 25% (p :5 0.05) for 2001-02, and 18%, 31%, and 34% (p <= 0.05) for 2002-03, respectively, compared to yields at the commonly applied rate, -5 kPa (control). Irrigation at -30 kPa used about 85% less water than at -5 kPa. Yields of extra-large fruit in the sunn hemp and cowpea treatments from the first harvest in both years averaged 12.6 to 15.2 Mg-ha(-1), and they were significantly higher than yields in the fallow treatment (10.2 to 11.3 Mg-ha(-1)). Likewise at -30 kPa yields of extra-large fruit from the first harvest for both years were 13.0 to 15.3 Mg-ha(-1) compared to 9.8 to 10.7 Mg-ha(-1) at -5 kPa. Soil NO3 -N and total N contents in sunn hemp and cowpea treatments were significantly higher than those in fallow. The results indicate that growing legume summer cover crops in a subtropical region, especially sunn hemp and cowpea, and reducing irrigation rates are valuable approaches to conserve soil nutrients and water, and to improve soil fertility and tomato yields and quality. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM yunli@ifas.ufl.edu RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2125 EP 2131 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200043 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Hall, HK Martin, RR Qian, M AF Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Hall, HK Martin, RR Qian, M TI 'Black Diamond' thornless trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus; fruit breeding; spineless ID RUBUS; ANTHOCYANINS; MARION C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. New Zealand HortRes Inc, Motueka, New Zealand. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2175 EP 2178 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200053 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR Qian, M AF Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR Qian, M TI 'Black Pearl' thornless trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus sp.; fruit breeding; spineless ID MARION; RUBUS C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2179 EP 2181 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200054 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR AF Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR TI 'Nightfall' thornless trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus; fruit breeding; spineless; processing ID MARION; RUBUS C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2182 EP 2184 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200055 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR Kempler, C AF Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR Kempler, C TI 'Obsidian' trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus; fruit breeding; fresh market ID RUBUS; ANTHOCYANINS; CULTIVARS C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agr Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2185 EP 2188 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200056 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR AF Finn, CE Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR TI 'Metolius' trailing blackberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus; fruit breeding; fresh market; early ripening ID CULTIVARS; RUBUS C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2189 EP 2191 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200057 ER PT J AU Kempler, C Daubeny, HA Harding, B Finn, CE AF Kempler, C Daubeny, HA Harding, B Finn, CE TI 'Esquimalt' red raspberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Rubus idaeus; fruit breeding; fruit quality; fresh market; yield; disease resistance ID SELECTIONS; CULTIVARS C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kempler, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, POB 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2192 EP 2194 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200058 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM AF NeSmith, DS Draper, AD Spiers, JM TI 'Vernon' rabbiteye blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium ashei; fruit breeding; cultivar; ripening date C1 Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP NeSmith, DS (reprint author), Georgia Stn, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2200 EP 2201 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200061 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Peterson, SJ AF Ledbetter, CA Peterson, SJ TI 'Apache' and 'Kettleman': Two early season apricots for the fresh market SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fruit breeding; fruit quality; Prunus armeniaca L.; self-incompatibility C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2202 EP 2203 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200062 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Lombardini, L AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Lombardini, L TI 'Waco' pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Carya illinoinensis; cultivar; breeding; genetics C1 USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pecan Genet & Breeding Program, 10200 FM50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2207 EP 2208 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 989UA UT WOS:000233698200064 ER PT J AU Grassi, D Blumberg, JB Ferri, C AF Grassi, D Blumberg, JB Ferri, C TI Chocolate consumption and incidence of hypertension - Response SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Letter ID BLOOD-PRESSURE C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA Jean Mayer, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Grassi, D (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Internal Med & Publ Hlth, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RI Grassi, Davide/O-6519-2015; OI Grassi, Davide/0000-0003-1005-4689; Ferri, Claudio/0000-0002-3594-2503 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD DEC PY 2005 VL 46 IS 6 BP E22 EP E22 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 987ZX UT WOS:000233557700031 ER PT J AU Traul, DL Bhushan, B Eldridge, JA Crawford, TB Li, H Davies, CJ AF Traul, DL Bhushan, B Eldridge, JA Crawford, TB Li, H Davies, CJ TI Characterization of Bison bison major histocompatibility complex class IIa haplotypes SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bison bison; major histocompatibility complex; MHC class II; polymorphism; immunogenetics ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; ANTIGEN BOLA WORKSHOP; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; TAXONOMIC STATUS; JOINT REPORT; CATTLE; POLYMORPHISM; GENES; REGION; SHEEP AB American bison (Bison bison) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) evolved from a common ancestor 1-1.4 million years ago. Nevertheless, they show dramatic differences in their susceptibility to infectious diseases, including malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Although bison are highly susceptible to ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) associated MCF, about 20% of healthy domesticated and wild bison are positive for OvHV-2 antibody. We are interested in testing the hypothesis that, within the bison population, the polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes influences resistance to MCF. However, since little was known about the MHC class II genes of bison, it was necessary to first characterize class II haplotypes present in Bi. bison (Bibi). Thus, the MHC class II haplotypes carried by 14 bison were characterized by the PCR-based cloning and sequencing of their DRB3, DQA, and DQB alleles. Twelve MHC class II haplotypes were identified in the 14 bison. These haplotypes comprised six previously reported and six new Bibi-DRB3 alleles, along with 11 Bibi-DQA and 10 Bibi-DQB alleles. For each bison class II allele, it was possible to identify closely related cattle sequences. The closest bison and bovine DQA, DQB, and DRB3 alleles, on average, differed by only 1.3, 3.5, and 5.8 amino acids, respectively. Furthermore, bison MHC haplotypes with both nonduplicated and duplicated DQ genes were identified; these haplotypes appear to have originated from the same ancestral haplotypes as orthologous cattle haplotypes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Indian Vet Res Inst, Div Anim Genet, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Davies, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cdavies@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 57 IS 11 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0042-9 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 995PB UT WOS:000234115200007 PM 16331512 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Brown, WC Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM Brown, WC Lewis, GS Knowles, DP TI Identification and phylogenetic analysis of 15 MHC class II DRB1 beta 1 expressed alleles in a ewe-lamb flock SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE MHC class II; sheep; Ovar; DRB1; exon 2; mRNA ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; BOLA-DRB3 ALLELES; OVINE MHC; GENES; SHEEP; POLYMORPHISM; DISEASE; CATTLE; NOMENCLATURE; RESISTANCE AB Ovar-DRB1 is part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II of sheep and functions by presenting extracellular-derived peptides to the immune system. Although there are over 100 different Ovar-DRB1 DNA sequences reported in GenBank, only two Ovar-DRB1 mRNA sequences have been reported. As a first step in understanding MHC Class II function as it relates to disease progression in sheep, Ovar-DRB1 transcripts encoding the peptide-binding site or the first domain (beta 1) of Ovar-DRB1 in a 32-ewe-lamb flock were identified and characterized by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Fourteen new Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences out of a total of 15 Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences in a ewe-lamb flock of 32 sheep were identified. One Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequence was 100% identical to M93432, one of the two Ovar-DRB1 mRNA sequences reported in GenBank. Twelve out of 15 Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences were 100% identical to the corresponding previously reported Ovar-DRB1 genomic DNA sequences, indicating that these Ovar-DRB1 genomic DNA sequences are also transcribed. One of three of the remaining Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences, DRB1*07012, had a synonymous substitution resulting in an identical deduced amino acid sequence to DRB1*0701. Two of the remaining three Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences had nucleotide differences and subsequent deduced amino acid sequence differences when compared to known Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 genomic DNA sequences, and therefore, DRB1*0206 and DRB1*0353 represent new Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 expressed alleles. Phylogenetic analysis of the 15 Ovar-DRB1 beta 1 cDNA sequences revealed that DRB1*0206 had a strong phylogenetic relationship to DRB1*0203, and DRB1*0353 had a strong phylogenetic relationship to DRB1*0303. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 57 IS 11 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0050-9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 995PB UT WOS:000234115200008 PM 16244883 ER PT J AU Elliott, DE Blum, A Metwali, A Ince, NM Setiawan, T Winkler, S Wang, Y Urban, JF Summers, RW Weinstock, JV AF Elliott, DE Blum, A Metwali, A Ince, NM Setiawan, T Winkler, S Wang, Y Urban, JF Summers, RW Weinstock, JV TI Helminths modulate mucosal immunity and inflammation SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Tufts NEMC 8387, Boston, MA 02111 USA. ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 116 SU 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 987QC UT WOS:000233531400085 ER PT J AU Husband, RW OConnor, BM Ochoa, R AF Husband, RW OConnor, BM Ochoa, R TI Two new species of Orthapolipus (Acari : Podapolipidae), parasites of Central American Tettigoniidae (Hexapoda : Orthoptera), with a rediagnosis of the genus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Podapolipidae; Orthapolipus; Tettigoniidae; parasites; Costa Rica; Panama AB Two new species of podapolipid mites are described from Central American Tettigoniidae, Orthapolipus balboanae n. sp. collected from Balboana tibialis (Wattenwyl) from Costa Rica, and Orthapolipus beeri n. sp. from Microcentrum sp. from Panama. The new species are compared with Orthapolipus nicsarae (Husband, 1988) from the Republic of Palau and O. blattae (Oudemans, 1911) from Indonesia. All Orthapolipus are considered to be parasites of tettigoniid species. C1 Adrain Coll, Dept Biol, Adrian, MI 49221 USA. Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Husband, RW (reprint author), Adrain Coll, Dept Biol, Adrian, MI 49221 USA. EM husbandadrian@aol.com; bmoc@umich.edu; rochoa@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 989PJ UT WOS:000233685800003 ER PT J AU Stewart, H Blisard, N Jolliffe, D Bhuyan, S AF Stewart, H Blisard, N Jolliffe, D Bhuyan, S TI The demand for food away from home: Do other preferences compete with our desire to eat healthfully? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE convenience; food away from home; nutrition; omitted-variable bias preferences; social marketing ID AWAY-FROM-HOME; PROBIT MODELS; INFORMATION; QUALITY; MARKET AB Health-oriented government agencies have had limited success at encouraging Americans to eat a healthful diet. One reason may be that other preferences compete with our desire to eat healthfully. We explore the effect of consumer preferences on the demand for food away from home, including frequency of eating out and choice of outlet type. Preferences for convenience and ambience are found to influence behavior. Furthermore, omitting these variables from econometric models can bias the estimated effect of preferences for a healthful diet. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Stewart, H (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 520 EP 536 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 995MC UT WOS:000234103400008 ER PT J AU Torell, LA Rimbey, NR Ramirez, OA McCollum, DW AF Torell, LA Rimbey, NR Ramirez, OA McCollum, DW TI Income earning potential versus consumptive amenities in determining ranchland values SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE consumptive value; grazing fees; grazing permit value; hedonic model; land value; lifestyle agriculture; public land grazing; voluntary grazing permit buyout ID PUBLIC LAND; PRICE ANALYSIS; GRAZING USE; WEST AB The relative importance of income earning potential versus consumptive values in setting ranchland prices is examined using a truncated hedonic model. The market value of New Mexico ranches is related to annual income earning potential and other ranch characteristics including ranch size, location, elevation, terrain, and the amount of deeded, public, and state trust land on the ranch. We found ranch income to be a statistically important determinant of land value, but yet a relatively small percentage of ranch value was explained by income earnings. Ranch location, scenic view, and the desirable lifestyle influenced ranch value more than ranch income. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Idaho, Caldwell Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Caldwell, ID USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Torell, LA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 3 BP 537 EP 560 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 995MC UT WOS:000234103400009 ER PT J AU Affleck, DLR Gregoire, TG Valentine, HT AF Affleck, DLR Gregoire, TG Valentine, HT TI Edge effects in line intersect sampling with segmented transects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE boundary overlap; inclusion region; reflection method; transect configuration ID UNBIASED ESTIMATION; BOUNDARY OVERLAP; INTERCEPT METHOD; FOREST AB Transects consisting of multiple, connected segments with a prescribed configuration are commonly used in ecological applications of line intersect sampling. The transect configuration has implications for the probability with which population elements are selected and for how the selection probabilities can be modified by the boundary of the tract being sampled. As such, the transect configuration also affects the performance of methods designed to eliminate edge-effect bias. We show that the reflection method solves the edge-problem for designs that use symmetric radial transects (e.g., straight-line and X-shaped transects centered at the sample point). This method also applies to designs that use asymmetric radial transects, provided the orientation is selected uniformly at random. Asymmetric radial transects include straight lines emanating from the sample point, and L- and Y-shaped transects. The reflection method does not apply to designs where polygonal transects (e.g., triangular, square, and hexagonal transects) are used, or where the orientations of asymmetric radial transects are fixed. We provide a new method that eliminates edge-effect bias for designs that use asymmetric radial transects with fixed orientation, but a workable solution for polygonal transects remains elusive. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Affleck, DLR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM david.affleck@yale.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 BP 460 EP 477 DI 10.1198/108571105X81355 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 992WS UT WOS:000233915300005 ER PT J AU Casas, E Freking, BA Leymaster, KA AF Casas, E Freking, BA Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale breeds of sheep: V. Reproduction of F-1 ewes in spring mating seasons SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeds; fertility rate; reproduction; sheep; spring mating ID LIFE-CYCLE EFFICIENCY; WOOL PRODUCTION; LAMB; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; SUFFOLK; TRAITS; ESTRUS AB Objectives were to estimate effects of sire breed (Dorset, Finnsheep, Romanov, Texel, and Montadale), dam breed [Composite III (CIII) and northwestern whiteface (WF)], mating season (March and May), and their interactions on reproductive traits of mature F, ewes in spring mating seasons. A total of 1,099 F, ewes produced 1,754 litters of 2,995 lambs from exposures to Suffolk rams during March and May mating seasons in 1995 through 1999. Fertility rate and ewe longevity were measured. Number born and litter birth weight were recorded, and number and weight at weaning and 20 wk of age were analyzed separately for dam- and nursery-reared litter mates. Total productivity from 4 to 6 yr of age for each ewe entering the breeding flock was calculated as the sum of 20-wk weights for dam-reared lambs and separately for nursery-reared lambs. Interactions of sire breed x mating season, ewe age x mating season, and ewe age x dam breed were often significant. Interactive effects of sire breed and mating season on fertility rate (P < 0.001) were primarily due to differences in magnitude. Fertility rates of sire breeds for March and May matings, respectively, were 92 and 89% for Romanov, 91 and 72% for Finnsheep, 90 and 52% for Texel, 88 and 52% for Montadale, and 83 and 62% for Dorset. Sire breed x mating season also affected number born (P < 0.03); March and May values were 2.12 and 2.05 for Romanov, 2.00 and 1.94 for Finnsheep, 1.39 and 1.41 for Texel, 1.37 and 1.51 for Montadale, and 1.37 and 1.55 for Dorset, respectively. Interaction of sire breed x dam breed on fertility rate (P < 0.01) was due to change in rank as well as magnitude. Romanov- and Dorset-sired ewes out of CIII dams had greater fertility rates than Romanov- and Dorset-sired ewes out of WF dams. The opposite situation existed for ewes by Finnsheep, Texel, and Montadale sires. Differences between dam breeds (CIII and WF) in total productivity of damreared lambs were not detected, whereas ewes exposed in March (78 kg) were more productive (P < 0.01) than those exposed in May (68 kg). Means of sire breeds for total productivity of dam-reared lambs were 47, 65, 70, 70, and 111 kg for Texel, Montadale, Dorset, Finnsheep, and Romanov, respectively (P < 0.001). Superior reproduction of Romanov-sired ewes was primarily due to greater fertility rate and prolificacy at each mating season and ewe age. Use of Romanov-crossbred ewes would increase fertility during spring mating, an important constraint of the sheep industry. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 83 IS 12 BP 2743 EP 2751 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PF UT WOS:000235848500006 PM 16282612 ER PT J AU Yen, JT Klindt, J Kerr, BJ Buonomo, FC AF Yen, JT Klindt, J Kerr, BJ Buonomo, FC TI Lysine requirement of finishing pigs administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE finishing pig; lysine requirement; porcine somatotropin; sustained-release implant ID GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CROSSBRED WHITE; DIETARY LYSINE; OBESE BOARS; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; CARCASS; GILTS; SALBUTAMOL; BARROWS AB To alleviate the need for daily injection of porcine somatotropin (pST), a sustained-release implant (pSTSR) was devised that continuously delivers a daily dose of 2 mg of pST for 42 d. Ninety-six white composite (Large White x Landrace) finishing barrows (83.6 +/- 1.2 kg BW) were assigned to receive zero or two pSTSR implants (4 mg pST/d) and to consume one of six diets differing in total Lys concentration (0.29, 0.52, 0.75, 0.98, 1.21, or 1.44%, as-fed basis). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and based on the ideal protein concept. Pigs were housed individually, allowed ad libitum access to feed and water, and slaughtered at 112 kg of BW. The pSTSR affected neither ADG (P = 0.88) nor 10th rib LM area (LMA; P = 0.51), but it decreased (P < 0.01) ADFI, average backfat thickness, 10th rib fat depth, weights of leaf fat and ham fat, improved (P < 0.05) G:F, and increased (P < 0.01) weights of four trimmed lean cuts (T-cuts), and percentages of ham lean and bone. Increasing total Lys increased ADG (quadratic; P < 0.05) and ADFI (linear; P < 0.01). The G:F, plasma urea N concentrations (PUN), and T-cuts were affected by the interaction pSTSR x dietary Lys (P < 0.01). Without pSTSR, the G:F did not differ (P = 0.37) among pigs fed 0.52% and greater total Lys. With pSTSR, the G:F was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 0.52% than 0.98 and 1.44% total Lys. Increases in dietary total Lys resulted in increased PUN (P < 0.01), and incremental increases were less in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Maximal yield of T-cuts was at 0.98% dietary total Lys in nonimplanted pigs and 1.21% total Lys in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Estimates of total Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.52 and 0.86% for growth (ADG and G:F) and 0.73 and 0.88% for lean production (LMA and T-cuts). Equivalent apparent ileal digestible Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.44 and 0.68% for growth, and 0.62 and 0.75% for lean production. With ADFI of 3.5 kg daily, an intake of approximately 26.1 g of total daily Lys (0.75%) or 22.4 g of apparent ileal digestible Lys is needed to maximize lean production in finishing barrows receiving 4 mg pST/d via sustained-release implant. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA, ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Klindt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Klindt@email.marc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 83 IS 12 BP 2789 EP 2797 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 019PF UT WOS:000235848500011 PM 16282617 ER PT J AU Kinscherf, TG Willis, DK AF Kinscherf, TG Willis, DK TI The biosynthetic gene cluster for the beta-lactam antibiotic tabtoxin in Pseudomonas syringae SO JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS LA English DT Article DE beta-lactam; antibiotic; integrase; synthase; clavam; MFS multidrug-resistance ID PV-TABACI; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PATHOGENICITY; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; AVIRULENCE; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; SEQUENCE AB DNA sequence analysis revealed that the biosynthetic genes of the unusual beta-lactam antibiotic tabtoxin reside at the att site adjacent to the lysC tRNA gene in Pseudomonas syringae BR2. ORFs encoded within the region included ones with similarity to beta-lactam synthase and clavaminic acid synthase, as well as amino acid synthesis enzymes. Novel ORFs were present in a portion of the biosynthetic region associated with a toxin hypersensitivity phenotype. Tabtoxin resistance was associated with a fragment containing a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkwillis@wisc.edu NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU JAPAN ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH ASSOC PI TOKYO PA 2 20 8 KAMIOSAKI SHINAGAWA KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0021-8820 J9 J ANTIBIOT JI J. Antibiot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 58 IS 12 BP 817 EP 821 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 013HQ UT WOS:000235400800008 PM 16506699 ER PT J AU Tcheslavskaia, K Brewster, C Thorpe, K Sharov, A Leonard, D Roberts, A AF Tcheslavskaia, K Brewster, C Thorpe, K Sharov, A Leonard, D Roberts, A TI Effects of intentional gaps in spray coverage on the efficacy of gypsy moth mating disruption SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; disparlure; pheromone; plastic flakes; spray coverage; swath width ID SEX ATTRACTANT; PHEROMONE; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; SUCCESS AB The study was conducted during 2001 and 2002 in forested areas in Virginia, US to examine the effects of gaps in coverage of pheromone on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae), mating disruption. Gypsy moth male moth catches in pheromone-baited traps were significantly reduced in plots treated with the gypsy moth sex pheromone, disparlure, at an overall application rate of 37.5 g of active ingredient (AI)/ha but with untreated gaps of 30 or 90 m between 30-m wide treated swaths. In one of the two plots with 90 m gaps, significantly more males were captured in traps in the untreated areas compared with the treated areas within the plot. However, in another plot, significant differences in trap catches between treated and untreated areas were not observed. No difference in male moth catches in the pheromone-baited traps was observed between treated and untreated areas within the plots treated with 30 m gaps. Female mating success did not differ significantly between treated and untreated areas within the one plot in which it was measured. These results suggest that it may be possible to lower costs associated with gypsy moth mating disruption applications by alternating treated and untreated swaths, which would reduce flight time and fuel costs, without a reduction in efficacy. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NIA, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Tcheslavskaia, K (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, 202 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ktchesla@vt.edu RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 129 IS 9-10 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00997 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 982GR UT WOS:000233146600002 ER PT J AU de Assis, FM Stavisky, J Reitz, SR Deom, CM Sherwood, JL AF de Assis, FM Stavisky, J Reitz, SR Deom, CM Sherwood, JL TI Midgut infection by tomato spotted wilt virus and vector incompetence of Frankliniella tritici SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; fluorescence microscopy; thrips; transmission; TSWV ID S-RNA SEGMENT; INSECT VECTOR; THRIPS; OCCIDENTALIS; TRANSMISSION; TOSPOVIRUS; REPLICATION; COMPETENCE; INGESTION; CELLS AB The mechanism leading to vector competence of thrips species to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is not well characterized. We investigated the interaction of TSWV and the non-vector species Frankliniella tritici. A monoclonal antibody to the non-structural protein (NSs) of the TSWV was used to detect TSWV replication within the thrips by immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay (ELISA). TSWV was acquired by F. tritici, replicated and moved within the alimentary canal of F. tritici similar to a known vector of TSWV, Frankliniellaoccidentalis. However, virus was not found in the salivary glands of F. tritici, which is a prerequisite to virus transmission. Thus, movement to the salivary glands may determine vector incompetence of F. tritici. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NYSAES, NYS Integrated Pest Management Program, Geneva, NY USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP de Assis, FM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Miller Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 129 IS 9-10 BP 548 EP 550 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.01006 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 982GR UT WOS:000233146600012 ER PT J AU Bennett, DS Higgins, SE Moore, R Byrd, JA Beltran, R Corsiglia, C Caldwell, D Hargis, BM AF Bennett, DS Higgins, SE Moore, R Byrd, JA Beltran, R Corsiglia, C Caldwell, D Hargis, BM TI Effect of addition of hydrated lime to litter on recovery of selected bacteria and poult performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrated lime; litter; turkey ID BROILER-CHICKENS; SALMONELLA AB Recently, we demonstrated that 10 or 20% (wt/vol) hydrated lime used in poultry litter significantly reduced Salmonella enteritidis survival in vitro. However, preliminary studies with day-of-hatch poults suggested that lime in excess of 5% (wt/vol) in new litter caused mild but apparent ocular and respiratory irritation and thus was not further evaluated. Presently, we evaluated the effect of lower concentrations of hydrated lime in new dry pine wood shavings (0, 0.2, 1, or 5% wt/vol) on recovery of Salmonella, Campylobacter, coliforms, total aerobic colony forming units, and poult performance (hatch to 7 wk). Although lime did not affect body weight at 3 wk of age, at 7 wk of age turkeys from 0.2% lime-treated pens were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier (219 g/bird) than turkeys grown in control pens. Even though incorporation of lime at the selected concentrations did not reduce Campylobacter or Salmonella recovery, lime did reduce overall aerobic cotony-forming units and significantly increased weight gain in this experiment, possibly through reduction of other low level pathogens not measured in this study. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Foster Farms, Delhi, CA 95315 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bhargis@uark.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 721 EP 727 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QF UT WOS:000234476400009 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Leigh, SA Branton, SL Collier, SD Pharr, GT Bearson, SMD AF Evans, JD Leigh, SA Branton, SL Collier, SD Pharr, GT Bearson, SMD TI Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Current and developing means to control the avian pathogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccine; attenuated vaccine; recombinant vaccine; chronic respiratory disease; mycoplasmosis; poultry ID TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; CYTADHERENCE-DEFICIENT; COMMERCIAL LAYERS; MIXED INFECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; EGG-PRODUCTION; PMGA GENES; STRAIN-R; CHICKENS; VACCINE AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a persistent, highly transmissible chicken and turkey pathogen. Infections of the organism can yield significant losses in performance and associated economics to all sectors of the poultry industry. In this paper, potential and realized effects of MG on the poultry industry are discussed along with currently available and developing control methods. Available methods of MG control largely include stringent biosecurity and biosurveillance practices within the turkey and broiler sectors of the poultry industry and live attenuated MG vaccine strains that are approved for use only within the commercial egg layer industry. Although largely effective, MG breaks within these industries still occur, demonstrating that further means of control are required. Alternative means for consideration include bacterins and subunit vaccines, although their applicability may be limited by associated vaccination protocols. Further means under consideration include novel live attenuated MG strains and recombinant bacterial and viral species. Optimally, control methods would be applicable to all poultry and be safe, cost effective, and efficacious. Current research regarding novel MG vaccines is addressed herein. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jdevans@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 757 EP 763 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000QF UT WOS:000234476400014 ER PT J AU Bronstein, PA Marrichi, M Cartinhour, S Schneider, DJ DeLisa, MP AF Bronstein, PA Marrichi, M Cartinhour, S Schneider, DJ DeLisa, MP TI Identification of a twin-arginine translocation system in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and its contribution to pathogenicity and fitness SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTEIN EXPORT SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; TAT PATHWAY; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) causes disease in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato plants, and it elicits the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants such as Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. While these events chiefly depend upon the type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins that this system translocates into plant cells, additional factors have been shown to contribute to DC3000 virulence and still many others are likely to exist. Therefore, we explored the contribution of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system to the physiology of DC3000. We found that a tatC mutant strain of DC3000 displayed a number of phenotypes, including loss of motility on soft agar plates, deficiency in siderophore synthesis and iron acquisition, sensitivity to copper, loss of extracellular phospholipase activity, and attenuated virulence in host plant leaves. In the latter case, we provide evidence that decreased virulence of tatC mutants likely arises from a synergistic combination of (i) compromised fitness of bacteria in planta; (ii) decreased efficiency of type III translocation; and (III) cytoplasmically retained virulence factors. Finally, we demonstrate a novel broad-host-range genetic reporter based on the green fluorescent protein for the identification of Tat-targeted secreted virulence factors that should be generally applicable to any gram-negative bacterium. Collectively, our evidence supports the notion that virulence of DC3000 is a multifactorial process and that the Tat system is an important virulence determinant of this phytopathogenic bacterium. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP DeLisa, MP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM md255@cornell.edu RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; DeLisa, Matthew/0000-0003-3226-1566 NR 68 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 187 IS 24 BP 8450 EP 8461 DI 10.1128/JB.187.24.8450-8461.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 992JK UT WOS:000233880000027 PM 16321949 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Wicks, CM Moss, PL AF Lerch, RN Wicks, CM Moss, PL TI Hydrologic characterization of two karst recharge areas in Boone County, Missouri SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID DEVILS ICEBOX CAVE; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; AQUIFER; EVOLUTION; KENTUCKY; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; USA AB The Bonne Femme watershed, located in central Missouri, is a karst watershed in a rapidly urbanizing area. This study was undertaken to characterize the hydrology of two karst aquifers within this watershed before significant increases in impervious surfaces take place. The specific objectives of this study were to: 1) use dye tracing to delineate the recharge area for Hunters Cave (HC); 2) quantify and summarize annual and monthly stream discharge at the resurgence of HC and Devils Icebox (DI) caves; and 3) characterize the chemical and physical status of the cave streams relative to temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The quantity and quality of the water at the resurgence of both cave streams was monitored from April 1999 to March 2002. Both recharge areas were determined to be of similar size (33.3 km(2) for HC and 34.0 km(2) for DI) and were formed in the same geologic strata. Average annual discharge was 55,900 m(3) km-(2) at DI and 35,200 m(3) km(-1) at HC. Relative discharge, as a percent of annual precipitation, averaged 6.1% at DI and 3.8% at FIC. Average monthly discharge was 2,930 m(3) km(-2) at HC and 4,650 m(3) km(-2) at DI; however, median instantaneous discharge over the three years was about 18% higher at HC (74 m(3) h(-1)) compared to DI (63 m(3) h(-1)). Turbidity and pH showed the largest differences between sites over the three years. The higher turbidity and lower pH at DI reflected the greater magnitude and duration of runoff events for this system. The physical characteristics of the two recharge areas explained the observed differences in discharge. The HC recharge area is characterized by limited sub-surface conduit development, small conduits, short flow paths from surface to resurgence, and predominantly allogenic recharge. The DI recharge area is characterized by extensive subsurface-conduit development, large conduits, long flow paths to the resurgence, and autogenic and allogenic recharge. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping SYst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ozark Underground Lab, Protem, MO 65733 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping SYst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lerchr@missouri.edu; philipmoss@juno.com RI Wicks, Carol/B-3598-2013 OI Wicks, Carol/0000-0001-8224-0267 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 158 EP 173 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 004HI UT WOS:000234742200003 ER PT J AU Bialonska, D Dayan, FE AF Bialonska, D Dayan, FE TI Chemistry of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes transplanted to an industrial region SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; heavy metals; sulfur; secondary metabolites; biomarkers ID RED PINE NEEDLES; AIR-POLLUTION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; NECROTIC AREAS; METAL CONTENT; HEAVY-METALS; BIOINDICATORS; STRESS; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION AB Lichens produce a great number of secondary metabolites that participate in ecological interactions and respond to environmental changes. We examined the influence of heavy metal accumulations on lichen secondary metabolism. Thalli of Hypogymnia physodes were transplanted for 6 months to the Cracow-Silesia industrial region. Based on heavy metal accumulations in lichen, two of the investigated sites were classified as highly polluted. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn were found in lichens transplanted in the vicinity of a Zn-Pb smelter. Significant accumulations of Cr and Ni were detected in Hypogymnia transplanted near a chemical industry. Physodic, physodalic, hydroxyphysodic acids, and atranorin were identified and analyzed in extracts obtained from specimen samples. The most detrimental changes were observed in lichen transplanted into the vicinity of a chemical industry producing chromium, phosphor, and sulfur compounds that contained 340-fold higher Cr levels than control thalli. Decreases in the levels of physodic acid, hydroxyphysodic acid, and atranorin were detected, and one additional polar compound (probably product of degradation of lichen acids) appeared in the extract. The content of physodalic acid increased in every thalli sample transplanted, suggesting a possible role of this compound in defense against stress caused by accumulated pollutants. The levels of physodic acid decreased in thalli from both of the most polluted sites compared to those of the controls-but were not changed in thalli transplanted to less polluted sites. Our results illustrate that lichen compounds are sensitive to heavy metal accumulation and could be used as biomarkers in environmental studies. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. Univ Mississippi, USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Bialonska, D (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, 7 Gronostajowa St, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. EM bialo@eko.uj.edu.pl RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 47 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2975 EP 2991 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-8408-x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PF UT WOS:000234115600016 PM 16365718 ER PT J AU Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ TI Bone assessment in children - Comparison of fan-beam DXA analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE DXA; body composition; bone densitometry; clinical/pediatrics; growth and development ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-CALIBRATION; PENCIL-BEAM; MINERAL CONTENT; SOFTWARE; OSTEOPOROSIS; SCANNERS AB The newest version of whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis software from Hologic (Discovery 12.1) is designed to enhance bone detection in smaller subjects. We re-analyzed 1127 pediatric scans (ages 1.8-18.5 yr) previously analyzed using software version 11.2. Regression analysis compared new and original results for bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and DXA-derived body weight. Changes in total and regional bone results were compared with age, weight, and height. New results were highly correlated with original analyses (R-2 >= 0.9), but there were large differences at the individual subject level. The BA and BMC values increased in subjects less than 40 kg weight, resulting in a lower BMD. Original and new results were equivalent by about age 14 yr in both genders. Regional bone data showed the greatest changes in the legs. The newest software produces significant changes in bone values in subjects weighing less than 40 kg, compared with earlier versions. This effect increases with decreasing body weight. This will impact interpretation of longitudinal pediatric DXA studies, as well as existing pediatric whole body bone reference databases. Investigators must recognize which DXA software version they are using, and which version produced any reference database they may use for comparison. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shypailo@bcm.tmc.edu NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1385/JCD:8:4:445 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 990GH UT WOS:000233730700011 PM 16311430 ER PT J AU Jara, AA Goldberg, S Mora, ML AF Jara, AA Goldberg, S Mora, ML TI Studies of the surface charge of amorphous aluminosilicates using surface complexation models SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amorphous aluminosilicates; surface charge; zero point charge; point of zero salt effect; isoelectric point; mechanistic models ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; ANION ADSORPTION; IONIZATION; IONS; FERRIHYDRITE; ALLOPHANE; GOETHITE; SOILS AB Synthetic noncrystalline alummosilicates with variable charge, similar to allophanes present naturally in volcanic soils, were studied. The surface charge behavior was determined by zero point charge (ZPC) measured by electrophoretic mobility (isoelectric points, IEP) and determined by potentiometric titration (point of zero salt effect, PZSE). The ZPC calculated by Parks model (ZPC(c)), compared with IEP values, showed that the aluminosilicate (AlSi) surface was slightly enriched by AlOH (34% Al2O3 and 66% SiO2) compared with the bulk composition (29% Al2O3 and 71 % SiO2). For aluminosilicate coated with iron oxide (AlSiFe) the ZPC, (4.4) was lower than the IEP (8.46), showing that the surface composition is formed mainly from iron oxide. The PZSE values for AlSi and AlSiFe were 6.2 and 4.8, respectively. The differences between the IEP and PZSE are attributed to the formation of Si-O-Fe or Si-O-Al bonds; therefore, the reactivity of Fe and Al atoms was modified on the surface. Two mechanistic models, the constant capacitance model (CCM) and the triple layer model (TLM), using the program FITEQL 3.2 were able to describe the surface behavior of both synthetic aluminosilicates. The acidity constants determined using both models for the aluminosilicates showed differences with respect to pure oxide, mainly attributed to the presence of SiOH sites on the internal surfaces. The ionic strength showed a good relation with the parameters obtained using the CCM (pK(a1)(int), pK(a2)(int) and capacitance values) and the TLM (pK(a1)(int), pK(a2)(int), pK(a2)(int), pK(K+)(int), and inner capacitance) for both alummosilicates. However, the TLM was able to describe the acidity and complexation constants better since it considered the formation of the outer sphere complex between the background electrolyte and the surface. Then, the TLM makes it possible to describe real systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Quim, Temuco, Chile. USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencias Quim, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile. EM aljara@ufro.cl NR 46 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 292 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.083 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 982QC UT WOS:000233175700022 PM 16051258 ER PT J AU Misselbrook, TH Powell, JM AF Misselbrook, TH Powell, JM TI Influence of bedding material on ammonia emissions from cattle excreta SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia emission; bedding material; cattle; urine ID DEEP-LITTER SYSTEMS; DAIRY-COWS; PIG SLURRY; VOLATILIZATION; NITROGEN; PREFERENCES; SAWDUST; STRAW AB Dairy cattle barns are a major source of NH3 emissions to the atmosphere. Previous studies have shown that the bedding material used in the barn can influence the magnitude of NH3 emissions, but little is known about which bedding characteristics are important in this respect. The aims of this study were to assess, at a laboratory scale, the relative importance of the chemical [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), C:N] and physical (urine absorbance capacity, bulk density) characteristics of 5 bedding materials (chopped wheat straw, sand, pine shavings, chopped newspaper, chopped corn stalks, and recycled manure solids) on NH3 emissions from dairy cattle urine. Recycled manure solids were the most absorbent of the bedding types (4.2 g of urine/g of bedding), and sand was the least (0.3 g of urine/g of bedding). When beddings were soaked in urine to their absorbance capacities, NH3 emissions over 48 h (expressed as a proportion of the urine N absorbed) were not significantly different among bedding types, despite differences in initial bedding pH, CEC, and C: N. When equal volumes of urine were applied to equal depths of dry bedding, NH3 emissions over 48 h were significantly less from sand and pine shavings (23 and 42% of applied urine N, respectively) than from chopped newspaper, chopped corn stalks, and recycled manure solids (62, 68, and 65% of applied urine N, respectively), whereas emissions from chopped wheat straw (55% applied urine N) only differed significantly from that from sand. Differences in the chemical characteristics of the beddings did not explain differences in emission; NH3 emissions increased linearly with CEC contrary to expectations, and there was no significant relationship with initial bedding pH. The physical characteristics of bedding materials were of more importance, as NH3 emissions increased linearly with absorbance capacity and decreased as the bulk density of the packed beddings increased. C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Misselbrook, TH (reprint author), Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. EM tom.misselbrook@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Misselbrook, Tom/N-2385-2014 OI Misselbrook, Tom/0000-0002-4594-3606 NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 12 BP 4304 EP 4312 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 984KA UT WOS:000233301200020 PM 16291621 ER PT J AU Rius, AG Connor, EE Capuco, AV Kendall, PE Auchtung-Montgomery, TL Dahl, GE AF Rius, AG Connor, EE Capuco, AV Kendall, PE Auchtung-Montgomery, TL Dahl, GE TI Long-day photoperiod that enhances puberty does not limit body growth in Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photoperiod; protein; heifer; growth ID PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; MILK-PRODUCTION; MAMMARY GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; PROLACTIN RECEPTOR; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; SKELETAL GROWTH; SERUM PROLACTIN; DRY PERIOD AB Previous research has demonstrated that extended photoperiod accelerates pubescence in dairy heifers thereby limiting time for mammary development, which could be detrimental to future milk yield. We hypothesized that the potential negative effects of rapid growth and puberty through long-day photoperiod (LDPP) exposure could be overcome with a greater supply of metabolizable protein in dairy heifers fed rumen-undegradable protein (RUP). In an initial slaughter study, we compared deuterium oxide (D2O) and direct chemical analysis to assess body composition at 5 and 7 mo of age in heifers (n = 20) exposed to LDPP or short-day photoperiod (SDPP). Before slaughter, D2O dilution was used to estimate body composition and results were compared with actual values determined by direct chemical analysis of body tissue. In 5-mo-old heifers, the correlations between estimates of body protein, water, and mineral contents as determined by D2O dilution and direct chemical analysis of body tissue were 0.86, 0.85, and 0.76, respectively; however, fat content values were not correlated (r = -0.068). In 7-mo-old heifers, we were unable to accurately estimate body composition using the D2O dilution method. A second study was conducted to determine if LDPP, which has previously been shown to hasten puberty, could be combined with RUP to promote lean growth without limiting body stature in prepubertal heifers. Thirty-two weaned heifers (86 +/- 2 d old; 106.2 +/- 17.3 kg of body weight) were assigned to LDPP or SDPP and RUP or control diet in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement until the onset of puberty. Relative to SDPP, LDPP increased prolactin secretion and promoted lean growth. Exposure to LDPP also enhanced body weight, withers height, and heart girth. Furthermore, RUP supplementation increased withers height and heart girth. There was a significant interaction between LDPP and RUP for hip height. Moreover, LDPP hastened the onset of puberty. In summary, D2O was a feasible method to estimate lean composition in heifers at younger ages; however, it failed to accurately estimate body composition in heifers around puberty. Long-day photoperiod hastened puberty and accelerated lean growth without limiting skeletal growth in dairy heifers. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, BFGL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dahl, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gdahl@uiuc.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 12 BP 4356 EP 4365 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 984KA UT WOS:000233301200026 PM 16291627 ER PT J AU Ferreira, G Mertens, DR AF Ferreira, G Mertens, DR TI Chemical and physical characteristics of corn silages and their effects on in vitro disappearance SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn silage; minimally fragmented starch; corn kernels; particle size ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MILK-PRODUCTION; WHOLE-PLANT; CHOP LENGTH; FORAGE HARVESTER; DIGESTION; MATURITY; DIGESTIBILITY; HYBRID; YIELD AB Estimating the available energy in corn silage provides a unique challenge because the silage contains variable proportions of grain and stover, each of which can differ in availability due to chemical composition and physical form. The objectives of this study were to investigate relationships among chemical components and their relationships with in vitro disappearance of ground and unground dried silages, and to quantify minimally fragmented starch in corn silage and investigate its impact and that of mean particle size (MPS) on in vitro disappearance of unground silages. Thirty-two corn silages were selected to provide diversity in dry matter, protein, fiber, and MPS. Detergent fibers were highly correlated with each other and with nonfiber carbohydrates, and were used to develop prediction equations between these constituents. Sieves with apertures >= 4.75 mm were used to isolate intact kernels and large kernel fragments, which were collected and analyzed to measure minimally fragmented starch (Starch(>4.75)). Dividing Starch(>4.75) by total starch defined the proportion of minimally fragmented starch ( Starch(>4.75/Total)), which ranged from 9 to 100% with a mean of 52%. Starch(>4.75/Total) was positively correlated with MPS (r = 0.46). The inverse of Starch(>4.75/Total) is an index of kernel fragmentation. Silages were prepared as whole material or ground to pass through a 4- or 1-mm screen of a cutter mill. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was greater for ground than for whole samples (71.7 and 61.2%, respectively). Increased IVDMD for ground samples was attributed to greater in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and neutral detergent solubles (NDS) disappearances. The IVDMD of ground samples was related to NDF and acid detergent lignin (R-2 = 0.80). The IVDMD of whole corn silage was related to acid detergent lignin, Starch(>4.75), MPS, and dry matter. When IVDMD was partitioned into in vitro digestible NDS (IVdNDS) and in vitro digestible NDF, the IVdNDS of whole was not uniform or completely fermented. The difference in IVdNDS between ground and whole was related to Starch(>4.75/Total). In conclusion, the proportion of minimally fragmented starch provides a corn silage fragmentation index that is related to the in vitro digestion of whole silages that, if validated by in vivo trials, may be a useful quantitative substitute for the qualitative processing adjustment factor that is used currently in summative equations for estimating the total digestible nutrients of corn silages. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Argentina, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ferreira, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ferreira.19@osu.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 88 IS 12 BP 4414 EP 4425 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 984KA UT WOS:000233301200032 PM 16291633 ER PT J AU Jansson, R Zinko, U Merritt, DM Nilsson, C AF Jansson, R Zinko, U Merritt, DM Nilsson, C TI Hydrochory increases riparian plant species richness: a comparison between a free-flowing and a regulated river SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; fragmentation; hydrochory; riparian vegetation; river continuum; seed dispersal; seed germination; Sweden; vascular plants; vegetative dispersal ID COMMUNITY-LEVEL CONSEQUENCES; BOREAL RIVERS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DISPERSAL; VEGETATION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; LITTER; FLORA AB 1 The importance of dispersal for plant community structure is poorly understood. Previous studies have hypothesized that patterns in the distribution and genetic structure of riparian plant communities were caused by hydrochory, i.e. plant dispersal by water. We separated the relative contributions of propagules from hydrochory and other dispersal vectors by comparing colonization in pairs of plots, one subject to flooding and deposition of hydrochores and the other unflooded. 2 The number of colonizing individuals and the mortality rate of individuals per year did not differ significantly with flooding, but hydrochory increased the number of colonizing species per year and plot by 40-200%. The pool of colonizing species was 36-58% larger per year for flooded than for unflooded plots, indicating that hydrochory increased the diversity by facilitating long-distance dispersal. Hydrochory resulted in more diverse plant communities after 3 years of succession at both plot and reach scales, despite the fact that flooding caused plant mortality. 3 We found no evidence that dams reduce the abundance and diversity of water-dispersed propagules by acting as barriers for plant dispersal. The role of hydrochory for plant colonization was similar between a free-flowing and a regulated river, although in fragmented rivers propagule sources are likely to be more local (within-impoundment). 4 We conclude that plant dispersal by water, as well as fluvial disturbance, is important for enhancing species richness in riparian plant communities. As flowing water may carry buoyant seeds long distances, riparian plant communities may receive a comparatively large proportion of their seeds by long-distance dispersal. C1 Umea Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jansson, R (reprint author), Umea Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM roland.jansson@emg.umu.se RI Jansson, Roland/B-7972-2013 OI Jansson, Roland/0000-0003-1767-7010 NR 36 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 62 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1094 EP 1103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01057.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984FI UT WOS:000233287500006 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Carriere, Y Dennehy, TJ Tabashnik, BE AF Sisterson, MS Carriere, Y Dennehy, TJ Tabashnik, BE TI Evolution of resistance to transgenic crops: Interactions between insect movement and field distribution SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetically modified crops; resistance management; refuge; dispersal; Bacillus thuringiensis ID PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION-MODEL; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT CROPS; EGG VIABILITY; COTTON; GELECHIIDAE; CORN; POPULATIONS AB The refuge strategy is designed to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins. Movement of insects between Bt crops and refuges of non-Bt crops is essential for the refuge strategy because it increases chances that resistant adults mate with susceptible adults from refuges. Conclusions about optimal levels of movement for delaying resistance are not consistent among previous modeling studies. To clarify the effects of movement on resistance evolution, we analyzed simulations of a spatially explicit model based partly on the interaction of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), with Bt cotton. We examined resistance evolution as a function of insect movement under 12 sets of assumptions about the relative abundance of Bt cotton (50 and 75%), temporal distribution of Bt cotton and refuge fields (fixed, partial rotation, and full rotation), and spatial distribution of fields (random and uniform). The results show that interactions among the relative abundance and distribution of refuges and Bt cotton fields can alter the effects of movement on resistance evolution. The results also suggest that differences in conclusions among previous studies can be explained by differences in assumptions about the relative abundance and distribution of refuges and Bt crop fields. With fixed field locations and all Bt cotton fields adjacent to at least one refuge, resistance evolved slowest with low movement. However, low movement and fixed field locations favored rapid resistance evolution when some Bt crop fields were isolated from refuges. When refuges and Bt cotton fields were rotated to the opposite crop type each year, resistance evolved fastest with low movement. Nonrecessive inheritance of resistance caused rapid resistance evolution regardless of movement rate. Confirming previous reports, results described here show that resistance can be delayed effectively by fixing field locations and distributing refuges uniformly to ensure that Bt crop fields are not isolated from refuges. However, rotating fields provided better insect control and reduced the need for insecticide sprays. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM msisterson@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 K12 GM00708] NR 48 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1751 EP 1762 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500001 PM 16539091 ER PT J AU Byers, JA Castle, SJ AF Byers, JA Castle, SJ TI Areawide models comparing synchronous versus asynchronous treatments for control of dispersing insect pests SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IPM; dispersal; modeling; treatment threshold; economic threshold ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; BOLL-WEEVIL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; SUPPRESSION; IPM AB Integrated pest management (IPM) has the goal of combining several control methods that reduce populations of pest insects and their damage to tolerable levels and thereby reduce the use of costly pesticides that may harm the environment. Insect populations can be monitored during the season to determine when the densities exceed an economic threshold that requires treatment, often as an insecticide application. We developed a simulation model where insect populations varied in exponential growth in fields and dispersed to adjacent fields each day of a season. The first model monitored populations of individual fields in a grid of fields and treated any field with insecticide if it exceeded a threshold population (asynchronous model) as done in traditional IPM. The second model treated the entire grid of fields with insecticide when the average population of all fields exceeded the threshold (synchronous model). We found that the synchronous model at all growth and dispersal rates tested had average field populations during a season that were significantly lower and required fewer treatments than the asynchronous method. Parameters such as percentage of fallow fields, number of fields, and treatment threshold had little affect on relative differences between the two models. The simulations indicate that cooperation among growers in areawide monitoring of fields to obtain an average population estimate for use in treatment thresholds would result in significantly less insect damage and fewer insecticide treatments. The synchronous method is more efficient because population refugia are precluded from which dispersal could reintroduce insects. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1763 EP 1773 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500002 PM 16539092 ER PT J AU Pitts-Singer, TL James, RR AF Pitts-Singer, TL James, RR TI Emergence success and sex ratio of commercial alfalfa leafcutting bees from the United States and Canada SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apiformes; Apoidea; Megachilidae; Medicago; lucerne ID MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; OSMIA-LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; POLLINATION; SURVIVAL; DURATION; NESTS AB Samples of overwintering alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), cells were sent to the laboratory as loose cells or in nesting boards from bee managers in the United States and in Canada. X-radiographs of cells were used for determining cell contents. Cells containing live prepupae were incubated, and the sex of emerging adults was recorded daily. Cells from which no adult emerged were dissected to determine the developmental stage of dead bees and sex of dead pupae or adults. Bee cells incubated in commercial settings and placed in alfalfa fields by the same bee managers described above also were evaluated to determine adult emergence success. The proportion of live bees in wood nesting boards from the United States was much lower than the live proportion in polystyrene nesting boards from Canada and loose cells overwintered in the United States. For laboratory-incubated loose cells, survival and sex ratios of bees from Canadian sources were statistically higher than those of U.S. bees, but the onset and duration of emergence times were similar. Fewer bees survived in the commercial setting than in the laboratory. Prepupal mortality was significantly higher than pupal or adult mortality, but there was no significant difference between the sexes in the likelihood of survival during incubation. This study supports the commonly held belief that alfalfa leafcutting bees raised in Canada and then sold to the United States represent a more viable source of bees than most bees produced in the United States. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pitts-Singer, TL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1785 EP 1790 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500004 PM 16539094 ER PT J AU De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Bigalk, M Tubbs, H Bernard, SJ AF De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Bigalk, M Tubbs, H Bernard, SJ TI Russian honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) colonies: Acarapis woodi (Acari : Tarsonemidae) infestations and overwintering survival SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Russian honey bees; Italian honey bees; over-winter; Acarapis woodi; tracheal mites ID MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; RENNIE AB Honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies infested by parasitic mites are more prone to suffer from a variety of stresses, including cold temperature. We evaluated the overwintering ability of candidate breeder lines of Russian honey bees, most of which are resistant to both Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman and Acarapis woodi (Rennie), during 1999-2001. Our results indicate that Russian honey bee colonies (headed by original and supersedure queens) can successfully overwinter in the north, even during adverse weather conditions, owing to their frugal use of food stores and their resistance to tracheal mite infestations. In contrast, colonies of Italian honey bees consumed more food, had more mites, and lost more adult bees than Russian honey bees, even during unusually mild winter conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Golden Ridge Honey Farms, Webb, MS 38966 USA. Tubbs Apiaries, Webb, MS 38966 USA. Bernards Apiaries Inc, Breaux Bridge, LA 70517 USA. RP De Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1796 EP 1801 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500006 PM 16539096 ER PT J AU Hampton, RO Jensen, A Hagel, GT AF Hampton, RO Jensen, A Hagel, GT TI Attributes of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus transmission from clover to snap beans by four species of aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vector; BYMV pathotypes; hypersusceptibility; Trifolium spp.; epidemiology ID RED CLOVER; VIRUS; LEAFHOPPERS; WASHINGTON; STRAINS; SPREAD AB After characterization of the natural spread of necrosis-inducing Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus, BYMVN), nonpersistently transmitted from Clover, Trifolium repens L., to an adjacent field of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in western Oregon, we established a study site enabling us to investigate the virus reservoir, to observe en masse transmission of BYMVN to bean plants, and to identify aphid species associated with virus spread. Colonies of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and Aphis fabae Scopoli associated with virus spread were established in an insectary and shown to vector this virus. Although Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) comprised 68% of aphid alatae taken from bean leaves during virus spread, we were unable to show that this species could vector the virus by using the same methods that were successful for the other species. Instead, we found that when two distinct N. bakeri colonies unexpectedly emerged from the roots of T repens BYMVN source plants (WZwc #6 and #11) that were present in the laboratory (insectary), these aphids transmitted BYMVN at rates comparable with those of M. persicae and A. pisum. Transmission of BYMVN also occurred with two other N. bakeri colonies maintained for 4 mo on Trifolium pratense L. (NZwc Sch 3B and Sch 7C) BYMVN source plants. Each of these four BYMVN transmission successes also demonstrated an unprecedented once-only transmission of BYMVN by N. bakeri colonies. Our experience with western Oregon N. bakeri colonies was compared with descriptions of this native North American species after its 1960-1980s arrival in France, Germany, and Italy. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hampton, RO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hamporc@fmtc.com NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1816 EP 1823 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500009 PM 16539099 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Upton, JE AF Munyaneza, JE Upton, JE TI Beet leafhopper (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) settling behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circulifer tenellus; plant pathogens; settling behavior; survival; reproduction ID TRANSMITTED VIRESCENCE AGENT; CURLY TOP VIRUS; CIRCULIFER-TENELLUS; PREFERENCE; TOMATO; PHYTOPLASMA; WASHINGTON; DISEASE; VECTOR AB Experiments were conducted to determine the settling behavior, survival, and reproduction of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), when maintained on selected host plants. This leafhopper was recently identified in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon as the probable vector of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, causal agent of several vegetable crop diseases, including potato purple top. Plants selected for study were sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L.; radish, Raphanus sativus L.; dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; potato, Solanum, tuberosum L.; carrot, Daucus carota L.; and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Leafhopper adults were confined on caged plants, and settling behavior was observed during a 72-h period and survival was monitored for 40 d. Also, oviposition and nymphal production were investigated by maintaining leafhoppers for approximate to 90 d on each of the selected plants. Sixty to 100% of leafhoppers settled on all studied plants during the first 5 h, but settling on bean and tomato declined sharply thereafter. Leafhopper mortality was very high on bean and tomato, with 95 and 65% of the leafhoppers, respectively, dying in about a week. in contrast, 77, 90, and 95% of leafhoppers maintained on potato, sugar beet, and radish, respectively, survived until the end of the 40-d experimental period. Beet leafhopper oviposition and nymphal production and development only occurred on sugar beet, radish, and potato; reproduction was lower on potato. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1824 EP 1830 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500010 PM 16539100 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Neven, LG Headrick, HL Fritts, R AF Lacey, LA Neven, LG Headrick, HL Fritts, R TI Factors affecting entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinerneniatidae) for control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in fruit bins SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematodes; Cydia pomonella; Steinernema; formulation; fruit bins ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; FORAGING STRATEGY; LARVAE; STORAGE; OLETHREUTIDAE; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION; INFECTION AB Fruit bins infested with diapausing codling moth larvae, Cydia pomonella (L.), are a potential source of reinfestation of orchards and may jeopardize the success of mating disruption programs and other control strategies. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were tested as a potential means of control that could be applied at the time bins are submerged in dump tanks. Diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae in miniature fruit bins were highly susceptible to infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) in a series of experiments. Cocooned larvae are significantly more susceptible to infection than are pupae. Experimental treatment of bins in suspensions of laboratory produced S. feltiae ranging from 10 to 100 IJs/ml of water with wetting agent (Silwet L77) resulted in 51-92% mortality. The use of adjuvants to increase penetration of hibernacula and retard desiccation of S. feltiae in fruit bins resulted in improved efficacy. The combination of a wetting agent (Silwet L77) and humectant (Stockosorb) with 10 S. feltiae IJs/ml in low and high humidity resulted in 92-95% mortality of cocooned codling moth larvae versus 46-57% mortality at the same IJ concentration without adjuvants. Immersion of infested bins in suspensions of commercially produced nematodes ranging from 10 to 50 IJs/ml water with wetting agent in an experimental packing line resulted in mortality in cocooned codling moth larvae of 45-87 and 56-85% for S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae, respectively. Our results indicate that EPNs provide an alternative nonchemical means of control that could be applied at the time bins are submerged in dump tanks at the packing house for flotation of fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Certis, Clovis, CA 93619 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1863 EP 1869 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500015 PM 16539105 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE AF Bruck, DJ Shapiro-Ilan, DI Lewis, EE TI Evaluation of application technologies of entomopathogenic nematodes for control of the black vine weevil SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host cadavers; ornamentals; black vine weevil; Heterorhabditis; Steinernema ID OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS COLEOPTERA; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; INFECTED HOSTS; CURCULIONIDAE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; RHABDITIDA; STRAWBERRY; INFECTIVITY; EFFICACY; LARVAE AB Black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), is a severe pest of small fruit and nursery crops around the world. These studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis marelatus, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and Steinernema riobrave) applied in infected host cadavers or as aqueous applications for black vine weevil larval control. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and outdoors. Application of three infected host cadavers or 40 infective juvenile nematodes (IJs)/cm(2) were made to pots of Impatiens walleriana 5-7 d after larval infestation. Efficacy was assessed at 14 d in the greenhouse and at 14 and 28 d after nematode application in outdoor trials. In the greenhouse, all treatments with the exception the S. riobrave (cadaver and aqueous applications) provided nearly 100% efficacy after 14 d. The S. riobrave applications, although significantly better than the control, only provided 40-70% control and were not included in the outdoor trials. Nematode efficacy was slowed in the outdoor trials particularly in the cadaver applications. In the initial outdoor trial (soil temperatures < 12 degrees C), there were no significant differences between any nematode treatment and the control after 14 d. The nematode efficacy in the initial outdoor trial after 28 d was improved from the 14-d evaluation but not to the level seen in the second trial. In the second outdoor trial, in which soil temperatures were higher (> 12 degrees C), the aqueous applications of H. marelatus and H. bacteriophora provided nearly complete control after 14 d. The cadaver applications also provided nearly complete control in the second outdoor trial after 28 d. Even though the potential total number of IJs estimated per pot was higher in the cadaver-applied treatments, cool soil temperatures apparently delayed or potentially reduced IJ emergence from cadavers resulting in delayed control. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, SAA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM bruckd@onid.orst.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1889 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500019 PM 16539109 ER PT J AU Liu, YB AF Liu, YB TI Ultralow oxygen treatment for postharvest control of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera : Aphididae) on iceberg lettuce SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultralow oxygen; postharvest; quarantine treatment; aphid; lettuce ID BROWN STAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUALITY; ATMOSPHERES; STORAGE AB The aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) is a common pest of lettuce in the United States. It hinders export of U.S. lettuce to the overseas market such as Japan where it is a quarantined pest. Ultralow oxygen treatments were studied for control of the insect on iceberg lettuce. Small-scale ultralow oxygen treatments in plastic jars were conducted at 1, 5, and 10 degrees C for different durations to determine effective treatment against nymphs and alates of N. ribisnigri, At oxygen levels of 0.015-0.025%, N. ribisnigri can be controlled in 3 d at 1 degrees C, 2 d at 5 degrees C, and I d at 10 degrees C. Large-scale ultralow oxygen treatments were conducted in bulk container treatment chambers with commercial iceberg lettuce heads for 2 d at 6 degrees C with oxygen levels of 0.015 and 0.025% and for 3 d at 3 degrees C with oxygen level of 0.015%. All treatments achieved complete control of N. ribisnigri, No negative impact on lettuce quality was detected after 2 wk of posttreatment storage. Therefore, the selected treatments have potential to be commercially developed for postharvest control of N. ribisnigri on iceberg lettuce. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Liu, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1899 EP 1904 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500021 PM 16539111 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Wang, SJ Tang, J AF Hallman, GJ Wang, SJ Tang, J TI Reaction orders for thermal mortality of third instars of Mexican fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; heat treatment; phytosanitary; quarantine; commodity treatment ID DEATH KINETICS; LEPIDOPTERA; AIR AB Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), is a quarantine pest of several fruit, including citrus, avocados, and mangoes, from extreme southern Texas to Costa Rica. To provide information for modeling heat phytosanitary treatments, third instars were heated with an aluminum heating block between 44 and 50 degrees C for time intervals up to those causing 100% mortality. At 44 and 50 degrees C, 100% mortality was achieved at 100 and 2 min, respectively. Each 2 degrees C increase in temperature resulted in a three-fourths reduction in the amount of time required to achieve 100% mortality. Mortality was modeled using thermal death kinetics, and the most suitable reaction order was the 0.5th. The thermal death activation energy was 560.7 kJ/mol, which is very similar to the value found for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in a previous study, indicating similar modes of action for heat mortality. However, the Mexican fruit fly had a lower threshold for heat-induced mortality, resulting in less time at all temperatures studied to achieve 100% mortality compared with the Mediterranean fruit fly. This type of information being gathered for fruit flies could lead to the development of generic phytosanitary heat treatments, which are available for other major phytosanitary treatments, such as cold storage, methyl bromide fumigation, and ionizing irradiation. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1910 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500022 PM 16539112 ER PT J AU Kemp, WP Bosch, J AF Kemp, WP Bosch, J TI Effect of temperature on Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) prepupa-adult development, survival, and emergence SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solitary bees; Osmia; pollinator; diapause ID PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ALMOND ORCHARDS; POLLINATOR; ADAPTATION; METABOLISM; INSECTS; TIME; BEES AB The solitary bee Osmia lignaria Say continues to be developed as an orchard pollinator in the United States and southern Canada. Female bees are active during the early spring and construct nests consisting of a linear series of unlined cells delimited by mud partitions. Cells are provisioned with a pollen/nectar mass on which an egg is deposited, and nests are sealed with a mud plug. In 1997, we initiated two experiments on the development, mortality, and emergence of O. lignaria at selected laboratory temperature regimes and outdoors. In the first experiment (published previously), we compared temperature treatments for their adequacy in maintaining healthy O. lignaria populations. In a second experiment (reported here), we determined the relationship between rearing temperatures and prepupa-adult development rates as well as emergence time and longevity after wintering and incubation the following spring. We observed important differences in O. lignaria prepupa versus pupa responses to selected temperature treatments. The relationship between temperature and days to pupa was U-shaped, with additional time to transit the prepupa-pupa interval at temperatures above and below 26 degrees C. The negative relationship between temperature and the length of the pupa to adult interval contrasts with the U-shaped thermal response observed for prepupae. Thus, with each increase in thermal beat units over the range of temperature treatments tested, we observed an additional reduction in the pupa-adult interval. Individuals reared at constant 18 degrees C required 2.4 times as many days to transit the pupa-adult interval compared with those at constant 32 degrees C. Our results suggest that there is a need for the development of regionally adapted, latitude-specific breeding populations of this outstanding orchard crop pollinator. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & System Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Unit Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Kemp, WP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & System Lab, 5310 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1917 EP 1923 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500024 PM 16539114 ER PT J AU Hofmeyr, JH Carpenter, JE Bloem, S AF Hofmeyr, JH Carpenter, JE Bloem, S TI Developing the sterile insect technique for Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Influence of radiation dose and release ratio on fruit damage and population growth in field cages SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptophlebia leucotreta; field cages; release ratios; insect competitiveness ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; INHERITED STERILITY; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; PYRALIDAE AB The effect of radiation dose and different release ratios of treated (T) to untreated (U) Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on the incidence of fruit damage, the competitiveness of the treated males, and population growth was examined inside field cages. Navel orange trees were individually enclosed in large nylon mesh cages. Newly emerged adult moths treated with either 150 or 200 Gy of gamma radiation were released into the cages at ratios of 5T:1U or 10T:1U. The fruit was collected after 4 wk, and the number of damaged fruit and larval entries per cage were recorded for each treatment. Infested fruit was maintained in the laboratory until all emerging F-1 progeny were collected and outcrossed to untreated moths of the opposite sex. Treatment had a significant effect on the mean number of larval entries and on the number of undamaged fruit per cage. The number of larval entries as well as the number of F-1 progeny per cage decreased as the overflooding ratio increased. A significant reduction in egg hatch was observed in the progeny of crosses between F-1 females or F-1 males originating from the treatment cages compared with crosses of F-1 moths originating from the control cages. The lowest mean number of fertile F-1 adult females and males was obtained from the 150 Gy and 10T:1U ratio treatment. This treatment also showed the lowest per generation rate of increase (< 1 from the parental [P-1] to the F-1 generation), suggesting that growth in the fertile population would have been prevented if releases of treated moths at this dose and ratio were maintained in the field. C1 Citrus Res Int, Citrusdal, South Africa. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. IAEA, Raleigh, NC 27613 USA. RP Hofmeyr, JH (reprint author), Citrus Res Int, POB 212, Citrusdal, South Africa. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1924 EP 1929 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500025 PM 16539115 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Mangan, RL AF Thomas, DB Mangan, RL TI Nontarget impact of spinosad GF-120 bait sprays for control of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Texas citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE secondary pests; bait sprays; Anastrepha ID PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; TRAP COLOR; INSECTS; HOMOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; DIASPIDIDAE; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; FLORIDA AB Bait sprays containing the toxicant spinosad (GF-120) were applied to citrus groves in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas where Mexican fruit flies were detected in surveillance traps. The sprays were applied as a supplement to a continuous sterile insect release program. Sterile fly captures were 47-63% lower in the treated groves compared with control groves. Eight of 10 secondary pest populations declined in the test groves subsequent to spray applications, but they also declined in the control groves, suggesting that the decline was a seasonal phenomenon rather than a result of the bait sprays. Citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), populations increased modestly and citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Ashby), populations remained unchanged compared with pretreatment levels. Thus, no outbreaks of secondary pests occurred as a result of the spinosad bait sprays in this instance, as has been reported for malathion bait sprays in citrus. The bait sprays had no detectable effect on populations of specific indicator species of parasitoids (including Aphytis spp. and Comperiella bifasciata Howard), or on numbers of beneficial insects in general, in the treated groves. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1950 EP 1956 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500029 PM 16539119 ER PT J AU Begna, SH Fielding, DJ AF Begna, SH Fielding, DJ TI Response of barley to grasshopper defoliation in interior Alaska: Dry matter and grain yield SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; yield; subarctic; harvest index; sink-limitation ID SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; ACRIDIDAE DAMAGE; MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS; CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE; SPRING BARLEY; WHEAT; ORTHOPTERA; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; INTERFERENCE AB Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is well adapted to subarctic Alaska growing conditions, but little is known about its response to grasshopper defoliation. A field experiment was conducted to study dry matter and grain yield in response to a combination of grasshopper defoliation and weeds in 2002 and 2003 near Delta junction, AK (63 degrees 55 degrees N, 145 degrees 20 degrees W). Barley plants at third to fourth leaf stage were exposed to a combination of two levels of weeds (present or absent) and four densities of grasshoppers (equivalent to 0, 25, 50, and 75 grasshoppers per m(2)) of third to fourth instars of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F). Dry matter accumulation by the barley plants was determined at three times during the growing seasons: approximate to 10 d after introduction of the grasshoppers, shortly after anthesis, and at maturity. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield were much lower in 2003 than in 2002, probably due to very low levels of soil moisture early in the growing season of 2003, Head clipping accounted for a greater portion of yield loss in 2003 than in 2002. The percentage of reduction in harvestable yield due to grasshoppers remained fairly constant between years (1.9 and 1.4 g per grasshopper per M-2 in 2002 and 2003, respectively) despite a large difference in overall yield. Examination of the yield components suggest that yields were reduced by the early season drought in 2003 primarily through fewer seeds per bead, whereas grasshoppers in both years reduced average seed weight, but not numbers of seeds. C1 USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Begna, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1969 EP 1976 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500031 PM 16539121 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Robinson, JRC AF Showler, AT Robinson, JRC TI Proactive spraying against boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) reduces insecticide applications and increases cotton yield and economic return SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; cotton; insecticide; proactive; threshold ID TEXAS ROLLING PLAINS; OVIPOSITION; SEASON; FRUIT; SIZES; AGE AB The current standard practice of two to three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (whenever 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, control does not provide a reliably positive impact on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., yields in subtropical conditions. This study showed that four fewer spray applications in a "proactive" approach, where spraying began at the start of large (5.5- 8-mm-diameter) square formation and continued at 7- to 8-d intervals while large squares were abundant, resulted in fewer infested squares and 46-56% more yield than the standard treatment at two locations during 2004. The combination of fewer sprays and increased yield made the proactive approach 115-130% more profitable than the standard. The proactive approach entails protection only at the crop's most vulnerable stage (large squares) that, as a source of food, accelerates boll weevil reproduction. In contrast, the standard approach protects early season small squares and later season bolls, both of which contribute less to boll weevil reproduction than large squares. Proaction is an in-season crop protection approach that can be used to increase yield in individual fields during the same season and that could be incorporated into boll weevil eradication strategy that involves later diapause sprays. Because proaction is based on an important relationship between the cotton plant and boll weevil reproduction, the tactic will probably be effective regardless of climate or region. C1 APMRU, USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1977 EP 1983 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500032 PM 16539122 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Isbell, TA AF Behle, RW Isbell, TA TI Evaluation of Cuphea as a rotation crop for control of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn rootworm; crop rotation; Cuphea; Diabrotica ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; LARVAL INJURY; DAMAGE; EMERGENCE; SOYBEANS; IMPACT; BEETLE; HOSTS AB The ability to prevent significant root feeding damage to corn, Zea mays L., by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, by crop rotation with soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been lost in portions of the Corn Belt because this pest has adapted to laying eggs in soybean fields. Cuphea spp. has been proposed as a new broadleaf crop that may provide an undesirable habitat for rootworm adults because of its sticky surface and therefore may reduce or prevent oviposition in these fields. A 4-yr study (1 yr to establish seven rotation programs followed by 3 yr of evaluation) was conducted to determine whether crop rotation with Cuphea would provide cultural control of corn rootworm. in support of Cuphea as a rotation crop, fewer beetles were captured by sticky traps in plots of Cuphea over the 4 yr of this study compared with traps in corn and soybean, suggesting that fewer eggs may be laid in plots planted to Cuphea. Also, corn grown after Cuphea was significantly taller during vegetative growth, had significantly lower root damage ratings for 2 of 3 yr, and had significantly higher yields for 2 of 3 yr compared with continuous corn plots. In contrast to these benefits, growing Cuphea did not prevent economic damage to subsequent corn crops as indicated by root damage ratings > 3.0 recorded for corn plants in plots rotated from Cuphea, and sticky trap catches that exceeded the threshold of five beetles trap(-1) day(-1). Beetle emergence from corn plots rotated from Cuphea was significantly lower, not different and significantly higher compared with beetle emergence from continuous corn plots for 2002, 2003 and 2004 growing seasons, respectively. A high number of beetles were captured by emergence cages in plots planted to Cuphea, indicating that rootworm larvae may be capable of completing larval development by feeding on roots of Cuphea, although peak emergence lagged approximate to 4 wk behind peak emergence from corn. Based on these data, it is unlikely that crop rotation with Cuphea will provide consistent, economical, cultural control of corn rootworm. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1984 EP 1991 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500033 PM 16539123 ER PT J AU Myers, SW Hogg, DB Wedberg, JL AF Myers, SW Hogg, DB Wedberg, JL TI Determining the optimal timing of foliar insecticide applications for control of soybean aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) on soybean SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis glycines; insect control; aphid density ID HOMOPTERA; NITROGEN AB Field experiments were performed over 3 yr to examine the impact of insecticide application timing to control soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations and to prevent soybean yield losses. Experiments were conducted in early and late-planted soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Insecticide applications were made based on soybean growth stages. In 2001, applications were made at VI, V3, R2, and R3 growth stages; in 2002 and 2003, applications were made at R2, R3, and R4 stages. Additional treatments consisted of an unsprayed control and a multiple spray treatment that received insecticide applications at 7-10-d intervals. Soybean aphid densities were recorded throughout the growing season, and yields were measured. Soybean aphid populations varied considerably across years and planting dates. In general, late-planted soybean exhibited higher aphid pressure than early planted soybean, and experiments in 2002 had lower aphid numbers than those in 2001 and 2003. The multiple spray treatment significantly increased yield over the control in four of the six experiments, the exceptions being 2002 late planted and 2003 early planted. This suggests that soybean aphid populations were not large enough to cause yield losses in these two experiments. The R3 spray treatment increased yield in three of the six experiments (2001 late planting, 2002 early planting, and 2003 late planting), the R2 spray treatment increased yield in two of six experiments (2001 and 2003 late plantings), and the V1 application increased yield over the control in the 2001 late-planted experiment. Results suggest that when aphid populations are high insecticide applications made at R2 and R3 plant stages are most effective in preventing yield loss. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Myers, SW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398,W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2006 EP 2012 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500036 PM 16539126 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Riedell, WE Langham, MAC Osborne, SL AF Hesler, LS Riedell, WE Langham, MAC Osborne, SL TI Insect infestations, incidence of viral plant diseases, and yield of winter wheat in relation to planting date in the northern great plains SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhopalosiphum padi; cereal aphids; Barley yellow dwarf virus; planting date ID BARLEY-YELLOW-DWARF; CHERRY-OAT APHIDS; CEREAL APHIDS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; VIRUS; HOMOPTERA; LOSSES; AUTUMN; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS AB Planting date effects on arthropod infestation and viral plant disease are undocumented for winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in South Dakota and the northern Great Plains. Winter wheat was planted over three dates (early, middle, and late; generally from late August to late September) to determine the effect on abundance of insect pests, incidence of plant damage, incidence of viral plant disease, and grain yield. The study was conducted simultaneously at two sites in South Dakota over three consecutive cropping seasons for a total of six site yr., Cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) were abundant in three site yr. Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), bird cherry-oat aphid, was the most abundant cereal aphid at the Brookings site, whereas Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), greenbug, predominated at Highmore. Aphid-days were greater in early versus late plantings. Aphid abundance in middle plantings depended on aphid species and site, but it usually did not differ from that in early plantings. Incidence of Barley yellow dwarf virus (family Luteoviridae, genus Luteovirus, BYDV) declined with later planting and was correlated with autumnal abundance of cereal aphids. Incidence of BYDV ranged from 24 to 81% among 1999 plantings and was < 8% in other years. Damage to seedling wheat by chewing insects varied for two site-years, with greater incidence in early and middle plantings. Wheat streak mosaic virus, spring infestations of cereal aphids, wheat stem maggot, and grasshoppers were insignificant. Yield at Brookings was negatively correlated with BYDV incidence but not cereal aphid abundance, whereas yield at Highmore was negatively correlated with aphid abundance but not BYDV incidence. Planting on 20 September or later reduced damage from chewing insects and reduced cereal aphid infestations and resulting BYDV incidence. C1 USDA ARS, No Grains Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2020 EP 2027 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500038 PM 16539128 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Asaro, C AF Miller, DR Asaro, C TI Ipsenol and ipsdienol attract Monochamus titillator (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) and associated large pine woodborers in southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monochamus titillator; Acanthocinus obsoletus; ipsenol; ipsdienol; trap lure ID BARK BEETLES; IPS-PINI; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; SCUTELLATUS COLEOPTERA; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; SCOLYTIDAE; PHEROMONE; LANIERONE; ENGRAVER; INSECTS AB We determined the responses of the southern pine sawyer, Monochamus titillator (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambyeidae), to the pheromones (ipsenol, ipsdienol, and lanierone) used by pine engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the southeastern United States. (+/-)-Ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, or a combination increased catches of M. titillator in Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, and North Carolina. Catches of Acanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier) (Cerambyeidae) were increased by (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol in Florida and North Carolina, whereas only (+/-)-ipsenol was attractive in Georgia. (+/-)-Ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol were attractive to Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Florida, whereas only (+/-)-ipsdienol was active in Louisiana. In Florida, catches of M. titillator, A. obsoletus, and P. picivorus were greatest in traps baited with both (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol. In Louisiana, catches of the woodborer Chalcophora virginiensis (Drury) (Buprestidae) were increased by (+/-)-ipsenol. Lanierone did not affect trap catches of the aforementioned species. The combination of (+/-) -ipsenol and (+/-) -ipsdienol may be a cost-effective lure for these four species because we found no evidence of interruption in attraction to baited traps, and the cost of the lure combination is relatively low. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), Virginia Dept Forestry, 900 Nat Resources Dr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2040 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500040 PM 16539130 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Huber, DPW AF Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Huber, DPW TI Nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone disrupt response of western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), to attractant-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; pest management; disruptant; antiaggregation pheromone; nonhost volatiles ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; PONDEROSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; PHEROMONE RESPONSE; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; OLFACTORY RECOGNITION; AMBROSIA BEETLE AB Nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone were tested for their ability to disrupt the response of western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to attractant-baited multiple funnel traps. Verbenone significantly reduced attraction; however, no difference was observed between 4 and 50 mg/24-h release rates. Combinations of six bark volatiles (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, trans-conophthorin, guaiacol, nonanal, and salicylaldehyde), three green leaf volatiles [(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol,and (Z)-2-bexen-1-ol], and the nine compounds combined did not significantly reduce D. brevicomis response to attractant-baited traps. However, a significant effect was observed when the bark and green leaf volatiles were combined with verbenone. The nine nonhost angiosperm volatiles (NAVs) significantly augmented the effect of both release rates of verbenone, reducing trap catches to levels significantly below that of either release rate of verbenone alone. trans-Conophthorin, a compound reported to have behavioral activity in a number of other scolytids, was not critical to the efficacy of our NAV blend. Our results suggest that the addition of nonhost angiosperm volatiles to verbenone could be important for developing successful semiochemical-based management techniques for D. brevicomis. C1 Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us OI Huber, Dezene/0000-0002-6495-1759 NR 63 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2048 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500041 PM 16539131 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Booth, DC Wallace, MS AF Coyle, DR Booth, DC Wallace, MS TI Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) species, flight, and attack on living eastern cottonwood trees SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; fertilization; invasive species; Populus deltoides; Xyleborini ID GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION BALANCE; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL FLIGHT; NORTH-AMERICA; BARK BEETLES; PLANTS; FERTILIZATION; CURCULIONIDAE; PLANTATION AB In spring 2002, ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infested an intensively managed 22-ha tree plantation on the upper coastal plain of South Carolina. Nearly 3,500 scolytids representing 28 species were captured in ethanol-baited traps from 18 June 2002 to 18 April 2004. More than 88% of total captures were exotic species. Five species [Dryoxylon onoharaemum (Murayama), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmermann), Xyleborus atratus Eicbboff, and Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff I) were collected in South Carolina for the first time. Of four tree species in the plantation, eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides Bartram, was the only one attacked, with nearly 40% of the trees sustaining ambrosia beetle damage. Clone ST66 sustained more damage than clone S7C15. ST66 trees receiving fertilization were attacked more frequently than trees receiving irrigation, irrigation + fertilization, or controls, although the number of S7C15 trees attacked did not differ among treatments. The study location is near major shipping ports; our results demonstrate the necessity for intensive monitoring programs to determine the arrival, spread, ecology, and impact of exotic scolytids. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu NR 55 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2057 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500042 PM 16539132 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Asaro, C Berisford, CW AF Miller, DR Asaro, C Berisford, CW TI Attraction of southern pine engravers and associated bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) to ipsenol, ipsdienol, and lanierone in southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ips; exotic lure; quarantine; pheromone ID IPS-PINI; PHEROMONE; GRANDICOLLIS; AVULSUS AB We determined the response of the small southern pine engraver, Ips avulsus (Eichhoff); eastern fivespined ips, Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff); sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar); and pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) to the pheromones (+/-)-ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, and lanierone in the southeastern United States. Catches of L avulsus and L grandicollis to baited multiple-funnel traps were increased by (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and North Carolina. In all four localities, the highest numbers of I. avulsus were caught in traps baited with the combination of (+/-)-ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, and lanierone. In Florida, the highest numbers of L grandicollis were captured in traps baited with the combination of (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol (with or without lanierone). In the remaining three localities, the largest catches of L grandicollis occurred in traps baited with (+/-)-ipsenol alone or the combination of (+/-)-ipsenoland (+/-)-ipsdienol (with or without lanierone). (+/-)-Ipsdienol was the only consistent attractant for L calligraphus and I. pini. Attraction of I. pini in North Carolina to (+/-)-ipsdienol-baited traps was synergized by lanierone but interrupted with (+/-)-ipsenol. The interruptive effect of (+/-)-ipsenol on attraction of L pini to (+/-)-ipsdienol was negated by lanierone. (+/-)-Ipsdienol was attractive to black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), in Florida but not North Carolina, whereas (+/-)-ipsdienol was attractive to L calligraphus in Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida. Both (+/-)-ipsenol and (+/-)-ipsdienol affected catches of Gnathotrichus materiarus (Fitch) in North Carolina. Trap catches of Hylurgops rugipennis pinifex (Fitch), Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, and Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff were unaffected by the pheromone treatments. The combination of (+/-)-ipsenol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, and lanierone may be a cost-effective general lure for L avulsus, L grandicollis, and I. pini. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller03@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2058 EP 2066 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500043 PM 16539133 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT AF Sullivan, BT TI Electrophysiological and Behavioral responses of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) to volatiles isolated from conspecifics SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scolytinae; semiochemical; pheromone; GC-EAD; repellent ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; PONDEROSAE HOPKINS; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; SCOLYTIDAE INFESTATIONS; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; QUANTITATIVE VARIATION; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ENDO-BREVICOMIN; FIELD RESPONSE AB Olfactory sensitivity of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to compounds isolated from the mid/hindguts of newly emerged conspecific adults was assayed with coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. All previously reported pheromones for D. frontalis plus eight additional compounds (fenchyl alcohol, myrtenal, cis-verbenol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, trans-myrtanol, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) consistently elicited antennal responses from at least one sex. The eight additional compounds were assayed individually at three release rates (0.4 - 0.8, 3-9, and 25-100 mg/d) for the ability to alter D. frontalis responses to traps baited with D.frontalis attractant (4 mg/d frontalin and 17 mg/d a-pinene). At the high release rate, cis-verbenol enhanced attraction of D. frontalis females, whereas the other seven compounds significantly reduced attraction of one or both sexes. Acetophenone significantly reduced attraction of male D. frontalis at the low release rate, and five compounds (fenchyl alcohol, trans-pinocarveol, acetophenone, cis-myrtanol, and 2-phenylethanol) reduced attraction of one or both sexes at the intermediate rate. Only acetophenone significantly altered the sex ratio of beetles trapped, decreasing the proportion of males. Attraction of predatory checkered beetles (Cleridae) was enhanced by cis-verbenol released at the high rate but was not altered by any compound inhibitory to D.frontalis. Analyses of volatiles from individual D. frontalis indicated that the majority of the eight compounds were produced in greater quantities by newly emerged beetles than ones attacking pine bolts. Five of the compounds were associated predominantly with one sex. Possible ecological roles of these compounds in the biology of D. frontalis are discussed. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2067 EP 2078 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500044 PM 16539134 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ Glenn, DM Pluta, RC AF Puterka, GJ Glenn, DM Pluta, RC TI Action of particle films on the biology and behavior of pear psylla (Homoptera : Psyllidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE whitewash; kaolin; deterrent; repellent; physical barrier ID COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; SUPPRESSION; OVIPOSITION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; DUSTS AB Particle films with different properties have been developed for arthropod pest control. Two basic film types are hydrophobic and hydrophilic films. The hydrophilic film formulations differ in the amount and kind of spreader-sticker that is incorporated into the kaolin particles. The effects of particle film type (hydrophobic versus hydrophilic) and formulation (Surround versus Surround WP) on the biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were investigated on pear in a series of laboratory studies. Scanning electron microscopy determined that the number of particles that attached to the front tibia of adult psylla differed by particle formulation but the particle sizes were fairly uniform and ranged from 3.6 to 4.5 mu m in diameter. Adults had difficulty grasping particle film-treated leaves, and this effect was influenced by film type and leaf surface. Choice and no-choice tests indicated that adult settling and oviposition were very low, regardless of film type or formulation. Under no-choice conditions, adult mortality was low, in part, because the adults were able to feed through all 3% particle films, but at reduced rates. However, the mortality of adults sprayed with 3% particle film solutions ranged from 22.2 to 62.5% within 72 h after treatment, and mortalities differed most between the hydrophilic formulations. Nymphs born on particle film-treated foliage incurred high mortalities ranging from 58.9 to 82.0% by the time they reached the fifth instar and were affected most by particle film type. Nymphal development was not affected by particle film type or formulation. Egg fertility and nymphal hatch also were unaffected by particle films. These studies determined that there are a number of biological effects particle films have on pear psylla beyond the deterrence of adult settling and oviposition. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2079 EP 2088 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500045 PM 16539135 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Bergh, C AF Leskey, TC Bergh, C TI Factors promoting infestation of newly planted, nonbearing apple orchards by dogwood borer (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; dogwood borer; Sesiidae; apple; rootstocks ID SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA LEPIDOPTERA; NEW-YORK; ROOTSTOCKS; PHEROMONE; BIOLOGY; TREES AB The initiation and level of infestation by dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris), was tracked over three consecutive years in two nonbearing apple (Malus spp.) orchards in West Virginia and Virginia. The orchards were planted on a number of rootstock-variety (approximate to cultivar) combinations and grown using different cultural practices. Infestations were detected during the first season after planting and continued to increase annually. The amount of burr knot tissue had the greatest impact on dogwood borer populations, because increasing amounts of burr knot tissue resulted in higher infestation rates. The use of plastic spiral wrap tree guards seemed to increase the development of burr knot tissue, resulting in significantly greater infestation compared with trees without tree guards in the West Virginia orchard. Variety also had a significant effect, because 'Idared' trees on M.26 had significantly greater levels of infestation compared with 'Buckeye Gala' on M.26, with or without tree guards, in the Virginia orchard. Mounding soil around the rootstock to a height just above the graft union prevented or tremendously curtailed infestation by dogwood borer, but it led to scion rooting that seemed to have an impact on size-controlling features of dwarfing rootstocks. Removal of the mounds at the beginning of the third growing season resulted in infestation of the rooted tissue during the same season. As long as apple cultivars continue to be planted on size-controlling rootstocks, dogwood borer will likely remain a serious pest, requiring either chemical treatments or a behavioral control strategy, such as mating disruption, to protect trees from infestation and damage. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2121 EP 2132 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500051 PM 16539141 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR AF Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR TI Effect of imidacloprid soil treatments on occurrence of Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in independent monitors SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; termite; imidacloprid; dwellings ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; SORPTION-DESORPTION; INSECTICIDES; BEHAVIOR; TERMITICIDES; EXPOSURE AB Periodic sampling of 30 independent monitors, initially active with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil treated with imidacloprid on nearby termite activity. Monitors were located adjacent (1-3 m) to the buildings. Soil around and under the buildings was treated with 0.05% imidacloprid. None of the termites collected showed latent mortality attributed to imidacloprid intoxication. Imidacloprid soil treatments did not measurably reduce C. formosanus populations adjacent to the treatments. Imidacloprid does not seem to fit the liquid-bait model. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Osbrink, WLA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2160 EP 2168 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500056 PM 16539146 ER PT J AU Teran-Vargas, AP Rodriguez, JC Blanco, CA Martinez-Carrillo, JL Cibrian-Tovar, J Sanchez-Arroyo, H Rodriguez-Del-Bosque, LA Stanley, D AF Teran-Vargas, AP Rodriguez, JC Blanco, CA Martinez-Carrillo, JL Cibrian-Tovar, J Sanchez-Arroyo, H Rodriguez-Del-Bosque, LA Stanley, D TI Bollgard cotton and resistance of tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to conventional insecticides in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; insecticide resistance; Bollgard; pyrethroids; Heliothis virescens ID BT TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PYRETHROIDS; PERMETHRIN; MANAGEMENT; GENETICS; ECOLOGY; SAFETY AB Insecticide susceptibility in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was determined for 8 yr (1991-2001) with larvae sampled from cotton in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Before 1996, when Bollgard cotton expressing the Cry1A(c) delta-endotoxin was introduced into the region, two important patterns were documented. The first was economically significant increases in resistance to certain insecticide groups. The second was occurrence of virtually complete control failures in the field during 1994 and 1995. The largest resistance changes were recorded for the type U pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin. These products are the most widely used products in the region. Resistance ratios for these products increased up to >100-fold from 1991 to 1995. After 1996, the resistance levels declined. These findings did not occur with other products of scant use (e.g., permethrin, profenofos, and endosulfan) or low tobacco budworm efficacy coupled to a high use pattern (e.g., methyl parathion). This clear trend toward reversal of resistance to type H pyrethroids can be understood, in part, with respect to two factors: 1) the high adoption rate of transgenic cotton in the region, from 31.2% in the beginning (1996) to approximate to 90% in 1998; this has considerably curbed the use of synthetic insecticides, with the attending loss of selection pressure on this pest; and 2) the potential immigration to the region of susceptible tobacco budworms from cultivated and wild suitable hosts as well as from transgenic cotton might have influenced the pest population as a whole. The influence of transgenic cotton on southern Tamaulipas can be more clearly seen by the drastic reduction of insecticide use to control this important pest. Now tobacco budworms in this region are susceptible to type H pyrethroids. Two effective and fundamentally different pest management tools are now available to cotton growers in southern Tamaulipas: transgenic cotton, coupled with careful use of pyrethroids, offers the possibility of sustainable and profitable cotton production. C1 Colegio Postgrad, Inst Fitosan, Montecillo 56230, Edo de Mexico, Mexico. USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. INIFAP, CIR Noroeste, Campo Expt Valle Yaqui, Obregon 85000, Son, Mexico. INIFAP, CIR Noreste, Rio Bravo 88900, Tam, Mexico. USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Teran-Vargas, AP (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Inst Fitosan, Km 36-5 Carretera Mecico Texcoco, Montecillo 56230, Edo de Mexico, Mexico. RI RODRIGUEZ-MACIEL, CONCEPCION/A-5730-2011 OI RODRIGUEZ-MACIEL, CONCEPCION/0000-0002-1018-2229 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2203 EP 2209 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500062 PM 16539152 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Maghirang, EB Dowell, FE Baker, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Maghirang, EB Dowell, FE Baker, JE TI Insect fragments in flour: Relationship to lesser grain borer (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) infestation level in wheat and rapid detection using near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; stored products; flour; insect fragments; near-infrared spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GRANARY-WEEVIL; STORED WHEAT; KERNELS AB We determined that the number of insect fragments, quantified using the standard flotation method, in flour milled from wheat infested with larvae, pupae, or preemergent adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), was proportional to infestation level. Wheat infested with a single preemergent adult contributed 28 and 10X as many fragments as wheat infested with a single larva or pupa, respectively. Using regression models that were developed from these data, we predicted that the maximum infestation level that would result in flour with fragment counts below the Food and Drug Administration defect action level (75 fragments/50g of flour) was 0.95 and 1.5% (380-640 infested kernels/kg of wheat) for pupae and larvae, but it decreased to 0.05% (20 infested kernels/kg) when the grain was infested with preemergent adults. We also reexamined the accuracy and sensitivity of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for detecting insect fragments in flour by testing three different NIR spectrometers. NIRS-predicted numbers of insect fragments were correlated with the actual number of fragments. NIRS is less precise than the standard flotation method, but it is rapid, nondestructive, does not require extensive sample preparation, and could easily be automated for a more sophisticated sampling protocol for flour based on prescreening samples with NIRS followed up by use of the standard flotation method when necessary. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2282 EP 2291 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500071 PM 16539161 ER PT J AU Wang, BD Gao, RT Mastro, VC Reardon, RC AF Wang, BD Gao, RT Mastro, VC Reardon, RC TI Toxicity of four systemic neonicotinoids to adults of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imidacloprid; dinotefuran; thiamethoxam; clothianidin; LC50 ID SEED TREATMENTS; DINOTEFURAN; HOMOPTERA; PESTS AB As part of the ongoing evaluation of different systemic insecticides for prophylactic treatment of trees, responses of the beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to different doses of four systemic neonicotinyl insecticides were studied. Adult beetles were provided with twigs or leaves of trees treated with different concentrations of imidacloprid to evaluate the toxicity of the insecticide through ingestion or contact or through both. Adult beetles also were provided with twigs of host plant treated with clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam to establish dose response of the beetle to these insecticides. Levels of individual insecticides in twigs and leaves were determined by using the "parent" method with high-performance liquid chromatography, and these levels were compared with the applied concentrations to determine their relationship. The LC50 values for detected level of each insecticide in twigs was 5.1 ppm at 24 h, 2.9 at 48 h, and 1.9 ppm at 72 h for imidacloprid; 1.1 ppm at 72 h for clothianidin; 2.2 ppm at 72 h for dinotefuran; and 1.0 ppm at 72 h for thiamethoxam. Our results indicate that mortality of adult beetles resulted not only from the ingestion and contact toxicity but also possibly from the antifeedant effect of imidacloprid. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, BD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Bldg 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2292 EP 2300 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500072 PM 16539162 ER PT J AU Allen, ML Scholl, PJ AF Allen, ML Scholl, PJ TI Quality of transgenic laboratory strains of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; mass rearing; quality control; transgenic insect; sterile insect technique ID SCREWWORM DIPTERA; TRANSFORMATION; ERADICATION; FITNESS; DIET AB Genetically modified, mass reared insects present novel possibilities for the future of insect control. One concern about manipulation of insects is a possible loss of strain quality due to the introduction of a foreign gene of any sort into the insect genome. Eight transgenic strains of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were compared with the wild-type parental laboratory strain in laboratory culture. Measurements of average fertility, fecundity, larval productivity, and longevity were analyzed. Two transgenic strains had significantly lower larval productivity than controls, one of which was explained by a homozygous lethal insertion of the transgene. Another strain produced significantly fewer eggs than controls. Overall strain characteristics, including measurements from egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, were compared. Transgenic colonies did not consistently show significantly lower individual or aggregate strain quality characteristics than the control parental colony; hence, the presence of the transgene used to produce the strains tested did not incur a discrete cost to the colonies of laboratory-reared C. hominivorax. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Allen, ML (reprint author), Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Allen, Margaret/0000-0002-4758-1290 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 98 IS 6 BP 2301 EP 2306 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 993ZQ UT WOS:000233999500073 PM 16539163 ER PT J AU Patterson, ME Williams, DR AF Patterson, ME Williams, DR TI Maintaining research traditions on place: Diversity of thought and scientific progress SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSUMER RESEARCH; SENSE; PSYCHOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; IDENTITY; SCIENCE; PERSPECTIVE; ATTACHMENT; GEOGRAPHY; PARADIGM AB Since the 1990s, numerous authors have expressed concerns about lack of conceptual clarity in research on place. Some authors suggest that place research has failed to evolve into a systematic and coherent body of knowledge. We believe recent critiques do not adequately characterize the state of knowledge in place research, but responding to the issues raised requires investigating epistemological foundations of place research traditions. Specifically, seeing systematic coherence requires a pluralistic world view that understands place, not as a single research tradition but as a domain of research informed by many disciplinary research traditions at the research program and paradigmatic level. This paper introduces a framework for discussing epistemological foundations of research traditions then uses it to: characterize the body of place research, analyse recent critiques regarding the state of place research, make a case for the value of diversity in thought, and explore the notion of scientific progress in relation to place research. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Patterson, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mike@forestry.umt.edu; drwilliams@fs.fed.us RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 88 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-4944 J9 J ENVIRON PSYCHOL JI J. Environ. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 361 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.10.001 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 027UI UT WOS:000236440700001 ER PT J AU Probst, JR Donner, DM Worland, M Weinrich, J Huber, P Ennis, KR AF Probst, JR Donner, DM Worland, M Weinrich, J Huber, P Ennis, KR TI Comparing census methods for the endangered Kirtland's Warbler SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE census; Dendroica kirtlandii; Kirtland's Warbler; population trends; spot-mapping; transect counts ID POPULATION AB We compared transect counts used for the annual official count of male Kirtland's Warblers (Dendroica kirtlandii) to an observation-based mapping method of individually sighted males in 155 stands over 10 yrs. The annual census count almost tripled from 1990 to 1999. The transect and observation-based mapping method showed the same increasing trend in population between 1990 and 1999, except from 1992 to 1993. The annual official census transect count was consistently higher than the mapping method for stands censused in common. After standardizing for sample size, the annual number of Kirtland's Warblers per stand increased through time with the transect method, while there was a positive, non-significant trend with the mapping method. After 1992, the two methods began diverging in the number of males per stand. The relationship between the differences in count between methods (mapping count minus transect count) to the official transect count varied among years. At the stand level, the transect-method count was greater than the mapping count in 60% of the stands, while the mapping count was greater than the transect count in 16.3% of the stands. The difference in count between methods at the stand level ranged from -43 to +10. We illustrate the difficulties with interpreting transect counts due to Kirtland's Warblers' large territory sizes, occasional double territories, and active territorial defense during early morning hours. We suggest improvements to help correct these Sources of error. We conclude that the official census transect counts are a satisfactory relative index, but results should not be interpreted as an absolute count. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Roscommon, MI 48653 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Mio, MI 48647 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Huron Manistree Natl Forest, Cadillac, MI 49601 USA. RP Probst, JR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jprobst@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 50 EP 60 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 886OX UT WOS:000226239300008 ER PT J AU Garrison, BA Triggs, ML Wachs, RL AF Garrison, BA Triggs, ML Wachs, RL TI Short-term effects of group-selection timber harvest on landbirds in montane hardwood-conifer habitat in the central Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACI design; bird abundance; forestry impacts; group selection; point counts; Sierra Nevada ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; FOREST; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; DESIGNS; BACI AB We studied short-term responses by 16 species of breeding landbirds to group-selection timber harvest at four 21.2-ha replicated study stands in montane hardwood-conifer habitat in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1995-2002. The group-selection timber harvest was done to enhance stand conditions for California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), the dominant hardwood. Birds were censused using point counts, and harvesting effects were assessed using the Before-After/Control-Impact Pairs (BACIP) design where the response variables were the differences in landbird abundances between paired treatment and control plots for pre- and posttreatment periods. Each stand had paired and adjacent 10.6-ha treatment and control plots, and four 0.6-ha groupselection units were randomly placed and harvested in each treatment plot in 1998 and 1999. In the treatment plots, tree basal areas and tree densities were reduced approximately 30% and snag densities were reduced approximately 45% with the harvest. Abundance differences between pre- and post-treatment periods differed among stands for 11 (69%) species. Significant differences in abundance between the pre- and post-treatment periods were found for Stellers Jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus), and Western Wood-Pewees (Contopus sordidulus). Significant interactions between stands and treatment periods were found for Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) and Western Wood-Pewees, indicating that responses differed among stands. Significant differences between treatment periods were due to proportionately greater decreases in post-treatment period abundance in control plots than in treatment plots (Evening Grosbeak, Steller's Jay, Warbling Vireo) or a proportionately lesser increase in post-treatment period abundance in the control plots than in treatment plots (Western WoodPewee). We conclude that group-selection harvesting had neutral or positive short-term effects on the species studied. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. US Forest Serv, Tahoe Natl Forest, Foresthill, CA 95631 USA. RP Garrison, BA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento Valley,Cent Sierra Reg,1701 Nimbus Rd, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM bgarrison@dfg.ca.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 886OX UT WOS:000226239300010 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH AF Nislow, K. H. TI Forest change and stream fish habitat: lessons from 'Olde' and New England SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forestry; land use conversion; New England; salmonids; stream fish habitat; U.K . AB The North Atlantic region has a long history of land use change that has influenced and will continue to influence stream ecosystems and fisheries production. This paper explores and compares the potential consequences of changes in forest cover for fish production in upland, coldwater stream environments in New England, U.S.A. and the British Isles, two regions which share important similarities with respect to overall physical, biotic and socio-economic setting. Both regions were extensively deforested and essentially no extensive old-growth forest stands remain. In New England, recovering forests, consisting almost entirely of naturally-regenerated native species, now cover > 60% of the landscape. Associated with this large-scale reforestation, open landscapes, common in the 19th and first half the 20th century, are currently rare and declining in this region. In the British Isles, forests still cover < 20% of the landscape, and existing forests largely consist of exotic conifer plantations stocked at high stand densities and harvested at frequent rotations. While forest restoration and conservation is frequently recommended as a fisheries habitat conservation and restoration tool, consideration of the way in which forests affect essential aspects of fish habitat suggests that response of upland stream fish to landscape change is inherently complex. Under certain environmental settings and reforestation practices, conversion of open landscapes to young-mature forests can negatively impact fish production. Further, the effects of re-establishing old-growth forests are difficult to predict for the two regions (due to the current absence of such landscapes), and are likely to depend strongly on the extent to which critical ecosystem attributes (large-scale disturbances, fish migrations, keystone species, large woody debris recruitment) are allowed to be re-established. Understanding these context-dependencies is critical for predicting fish responses, and should help managers set realistic conservation, management and restoration goals. Management may best be served by promoting a diversity of land cover types in a way that emulates natural landscape and disturbance dynamics. This goal presents very different challenges in New England and the British Isles due to differences in current and predicted land use trajectories, along with differences in ecological context and public perception. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 USDA Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 SU B BP 186 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00913.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V43QT UT WOS:000202950300012 ER PT J AU Damon, M Zhang, NZ Haytowitz, DB Booth, SL AF Damon, M Zhang, NZ Haytowitz, DB Booth, SL TI Phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) content of vegetables SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE phylloquinone; vegetables; HPLC; vitamin K ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOOD COMPOSITION; TOTAL DIET; ABSORPTION; WOMEN AB Assessment of vitamin K (VK) dietary intakes has been limited by incomplete VK food composition data for the US food supply. The phylloquinone (VK-1 or vitamin K-1) concentrations of a variety of geographically representative vegetables (n = 218) were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Green leafy and flower vegetables including broccoli, broccoli raab, spinach, and certain lettuces, contained > 100 mu g phylloquinone/100 g vegetable. In contrast, raw tubers and roots contained < 10 mu g phylloquinone/100 g vegetable. Iceberg lettuce, a primary dietary source of phylloquinone, contained 24.1 mu g phylloquinone/100 g vegetable, which is less than previously listed in nutrient databases. Potential factors affecting phylloquinone concentrations include processing and varietal type of leafy vegetables. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 18 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.07.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 939ER UT WOS:000230055700002 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Bhagwat, SA Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Dwyer, JT Peterson, J Beecher, GR Eldridge, AL Balentine, D AF Holden, JM Bhagwat, SA Haytowitz, DB Gebhardt, SE Dwyer, JT Peterson, J Beecher, GR Eldridge, AL Balentine, D TI Development of a database of critically evaluated flavonoids data: application of USDA's data quality evaluation system SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; data quality evaluation; confidence codes ID POTENTIALLY ANTICARCINOGENIC FLAVONOIDS; CATECHIN CONTENTS; FRUIT JUICES; QUANTITATION; NETHERLANDS; VEGETABLES; GLYCOSIDES; PHENOLICS; FOODS; ANTHOCYANINS AB The USDA Special Interest Database for flavonoid content of selected foods contains 26 most abundant compounds within 5 predominant subclasses of flavonoids-flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins. All the data were evaluated for 5 quality evaluation categories (sampling plan, sample handling, analytical method, analytical quality control and number of samples), using the data quality evaluation system developed by the USDA scientists. Confidence Codes (A-through D) were then assigned to every value. The database contains acceptable values for 225 selected foods. Only 97 sources out of approximately 475 collected included acceptable analytical data. The overall quality of data was good with 64% of the observations receiving A or B confidence codes; the flavan-3-ols subclass received better ratings than other subclasses. While this is the first comprehensive database for flavonoids in foods, the majority of data came from Europe and countries other than the US. Due to the observed variability in the values it will be important to have data for US foods. The evaluation of data quality helps set priorities and further identifies the foods to be analyzed as well as areas to improve data quality. Furthermore, release of data quality confidence codes with data provides necessary information to investigators to assess the impact of flavonoid intake on risk of various chronic diseases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Unilever BestFoods N Amer, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. RP Holden, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 005,Rm 201,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM holdenj@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 829 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.07.002 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 939ER UT WOS:000230055700008 ER PT J AU Naugle, AL Holt, KG Levine, P Eckel, R AF Naugle, AL Holt, KG Levine, P Eckel, R TI Sustained decrease in the rate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7-positive raw ground beef samples tested by the food safety and inspection service SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Letter C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Tech Serv Ctr, USDA, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Naugle, AL (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2504 EP 2505 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000002 PM 16355818 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Plata, MX Amezquita, A Blankenship, E Burson, DE Juneja, V Thippareddi, H AF Sanchez-Plata, MX Amezquita, A Blankenship, E Burson, DE Juneja, V Thippareddi, H TI Predictive model for Clostridium perfringens growth in roast beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by organic acid salts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE ABUSE; BACILLUS-CEREUS; TURKEY BREAST; COOKED BEEF; GROUND-BEEF; PRODUCTS; MEAT; VACUUM; RATES; SPORULATION AB Spores of foodborne pathogens can survive traditional thermal processing schedules used in the manufacturing of processed meat products. Heat-activated spores can germinate and grow to hazardous levels when these products are improperly chilled. Germination and outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens spores in roast beef during chilling was studied following simulated cooling schedules normally used in the processed-meat industry. Inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on germination and outgrowth of C perfringens spores during chilling and the survival of vegetative cells and spores under abusive refrigerated storage was also evaluated. Beef top rounds were formulated to contain a marinade (finished product concentrations: 1% salt, 0.2% potassium tetrapyrophosphate, and 0.2% starch) and then ground and mixed with antimicrobials (sodium lactate and sodium lactate plus 2.5% sodium diacetate and buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate plus 1.3% sodium diacetate). The ground product was inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C perfringens spores (NCTC 8238, NCTC 8239, and ATCC 10388), mixed, vacuum packaged, heat shocked for 20 min at 75 degrees C, and chilled exponentially from 54.5 to 7.2 degrees C in 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 h. C perfringens populations (total and spore) were enumerated after heat shock, during chilling, and during storage for up to 60 days at 10 degrees C using tryptose-sultite-cycloserine agar. C. perfringens spores were able to germinate and grow in roast beef (control, without any antimicrobials) from an initial population of ca. 3.1 log CFU/g by 2.00, 3.44, 4.04, 4.86, and 5.72 log CFU/g after 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 h of exponential chilling. A predictive model was developed to describe sigmoidal C. perfringens growth curves during cooling of roast beef from 54.5 to 7.2 degrees C within 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 h. Addition of antimicrobials prevented germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens regardless of the chill times. C. perfringens spores could be recovered from samples containing organic acid salts that were stored up to 60 days at 10 degrees C. Extension of chilling time to >= 9 h resulted in > 1 log CFU/g growth of C. perfringens under anaerobic conditions in roast beef. Organic acid salts inhibited outgrowth of C. perfringens spores during chilling of roast beef when extended chill rates were followed. Although C. perfringens spore germination is inhibited by the antimicrobials, this inhibition may represent a hazard when such products are incorporated into new products, such as soups and chili, that do not contain these antimicrobials, thus allowing spore germination and outgrowth under conditions of temperature abuse. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Thippareddi, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hthippareddi2@unl.edu RI Amezquita, Alejandro/B-4854-2008 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2594 EP 2605 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000015 PM 16355831 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Development and validation of primary, secondary, and tertiary models for growth of Salmonella typhimurium on sterile chicken SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; LAG TIME; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; CONTAMINATION; PH AB Models are used in the food industry to predict pathogen growth and to help assess food safety. However, criteria are needed to determine whether models provide acceptable predictions. In the current study, primary, secondary, and tertiary models for growth of Salmonella Typhimurium (10(4.8) CFU/g) on sterile chicken were developed and validated. Kinetic data obtained at 10 to 40 degrees C were fit to a primary model to determine initial density (N-0), lag time (lambda), maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)), and maximum population density (N-max). Secondary models for N-0, lambda, mu(max), and N-max as a function of temperature were developed and combined with the primary model to create a tertiary model that predicted pathogen density (N) at times and temperatures used and not used in model development. Performance of models was evaluated using the acceptable prediction zone method in which experimental error associated with growth parameter determinations was used to set criteria for acceptable model performance. Models were evaluated against dependent and independent (validation) data. Models with 70% prediction or relative errors (RE) in an acceptable prediction zone from -0.3 to 0.15 for mu(max), -0.6 to 0.3 for lambda, and -0.8 to 0.4 for N, N-0, and N-max were classified as acceptable. All secondary models had acceptable goodness of fit and were validated against independent (interpolation) data. Percent RE in the acceptable prediction zone for the tertiary model was 90.7 for dependent data and 97.5 for independent (interpolation) data. Although the tertiary model was validated for interpolation, an unacceptable %RE of 2.5 was obtained for independent (extrapolation) data obtained with a lower N-0 (10(0.8) CFU/g). The tertiary model provided overly fail-dangerous predictions of N from a lower No. Because Salmonella concentrations on chicken are closer to 10(0.8) than 10(4.8) CFU/g, the tertiary model should not be used to help assess chicken safety. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2606 EP 2613 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000016 PM 16355832 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD Drake, A Angulo, FJ AF Frenzen, PD Drake, A Angulo, FJ CA Emerging Infections Program TI Economic cost of illness due to Escherichia coli O157 infections in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH; LIFE AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (O157 STEC) infections cause 73,000 illnesses annually in the United States, resulting in more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths. In this study, the economic cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections transmitted by food or other means was estimated based on the CDC estimate of annual cases and newly available data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of the CDC Emerging Infections Program. The annual cost of illness due to O157 STEC was $405 million (in 2003 dollars), including $370 million for premature deaths, $30 million for medical care, and $5 million in lost productivity. The average cost per case varied greatly by severity of illness, ranging from $26 for an individual who did not obtain medical care to $6.2 million for a patient who died from hemolytic uremic syndrome. The high cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections suggests that additional efforts to control this pathogen might be warranted. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Frenzen, PD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov NR 44 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2623 EP 2630 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000018 PM 16355834 ER PT J AU Campbell, LD Scott, HM Bischoff, KM Anderson, RC Harvey, RB AF Campbell, LD Scott, HM Bischoff, KM Anderson, RC Harvey, RB TI Prevalence of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes among enteric bacteria found in multisite group-level cohorts of humans and swine SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; FOOD ANIMALS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY; SPREAD AB The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genotypic characteristics (class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes) among commensal Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in a semiclosed, integrated farrow-to-fork population was evaluated in a cross-sectional study. The objective of this study was to establish baseline antimicrobial resistance patterns of enteric bacteria from animals and humans within the study population; specifically, genotypic traits both unique and common to commensal E. coli derived from the different sources were evaluated. There were significant differences between host species; swine isolates were more likely to harbor integrons (odds ratio = 2.33, P = 0.0487). No significant differences were found for facility location, facility type, human housing cohort, or time of day (P > 0.05). There were significant differences (P = 0.006) among swine production groups (fecal samples from boars, dry sows, finishers, growers, intake boars, lactating sows, the lagoon, nursery piglets, influent, and piglets); the grower group was less likely than the nursery group to harbor a class I integron (nursery as referent: odds ratio = 0.22, P = 0.04). Among all isolates with an integron present, human isolates were more likely to harbor an antimicrobial resistance gene cassette (odds ratio = 6.36, P = 0.003). When isolates that possessed gene cassettes coding for resistance to specific antimicrobials were compared, no significant differences between host species (P > 0.05) were observed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Scott, HM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hmscott@cvm.tamu.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2693 EP 2697 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000028 PM 16355844 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Cox, NA Cosby, DE Richardson, LJ AF Bailey, JS Cox, NA Cosby, DE Richardson, LJ TI Movement and persistence of Salmonella in broiler chickens following oral or intracloacal inoculation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; FABRICIUS; BURSA; TYPHIMURIUM; ORGANS; TRACT AB The dissemination of Salmonella into various lymphoid-like organs in young broiler chicks after oral and intracloacal inoculation was studied. A three-strain cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Montevideo, and Salmonella Enteritidis was administered either orally or intracloacally to day-old chicks. After 1 h, I day, or I week, the ceca, thymus, liver and gallbladder, spleen, and bursa were sampled for the presence of Salmonella. There was a marked difference in the recovery of Salmonella 1 h postinoculation. Only 6 of 50 samples from orally inoculated chicks were positive compared with 33 of 50 samples from cloacally inoculated samples. In comparison, 24 h and I week after inoculation, there was no difference in the number of positive samples between oral or cloacal inoculation. The rapidity of the translocation of the Salmonella from the cloacal inoculum compared to the oral inoculum is likely due to the transient time required for Salmonella to move through the alimentary tract. The method of inoculation did not affect the distribution of serogroups. Of the three serotypes in the composite inoculum, the Salmonella Enteritidis (group D) was recovered only twice in replication 1 and not at all in replication 2. Both the Salmonella Typhimurium (serogroup B) and the Salmonella Montevideo (serogroup C 1) were recovered extensively throughout the study. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2698 EP 2701 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000029 PM 16355845 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Gorski, L Perdue, ML AF Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Gorski, L Perdue, ML TI Subtyping Listeria monocytogenes from bulk tank milk using automated repetitive element-based PCR SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; SALMONELLA; PATHOGENS; LINEAGES; DISTINCT AB Sixty-one Listeria monocytogenes strains from raw milk were analyzed with an automated repetitive element-based PCR (rep-PCR) system to examine the utility of this system for serotype grouping and to determine whether specific regional relationships could be identified. Results of the similarity analysis revealed two primary clusters of L. monocytogenes isolates. Cluster 2 exclusively contained serogroup 1/2a isolates; however, two 1/2a isolates were also found in cluster 1. Isolates of serogroups 1/2b, 4b, 3b, and 4c were also in cluster 1. Clusters I and 2 were separated at a relative similarity of 86%. Listeria species other than L. monocytogenes (L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. grayi, and L innocua) had similarity scores of less than 80% in pairwise comparisons with the L. monocytogenes isolates. Thus, this method may be useful for species identification once an isolate is characterized as Listeria. When rep-PCR fingerprints of the L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolates were compared, there was no apparent regional grouping. However, discrimination between isolates suggests that the rep-PCR assay might be useful for tracking L. monocytogenes 1/2a and for tracking isolates across regions or within smaller ecological niches. The automated rep-PCR method could not discriminate between serotypes 1/2b and 4b but may be useful for discriminating between 1/2a and other serotypes and for tracking isolates within serotype 1/2a. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jkessel@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2707 EP 2712 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 989US UT WOS:000233700000031 PM 16355847 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Walton, JT Dwyer, JF Kaya, LG Myeong, S AF Nowak, DJ Walton, JT Dwyer, JF Kaya, LG Myeong, S TI The increasing influence of urban environments on US forest management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE urban forests; urban forestry; urban growth; forest sustainability ID POPULATION-GROWTH; FUTURE; TIMBER AB The expansion of urban land promises to have an increasingly significant influence on US forest management in the coming decades. Percent of the coterminous United States classified as urban increased from 2.5% in 1990 to 3.1 % in 2000, an area about the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined. Patterns of urban expansion reveal that increased growth rates are likely in the future. The most urbanized regions of the United States are the Northeast (9.7%) and the Southeast (7.5%), with these regions also exhibiting the greatest increase in percent urban land between 1990 and 2000. Forests near urban communities face a special set of challenges that will only intensify as these communities grow in area, population, and complexity. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us; jeffreywalton@fs.fed.us; JDwyer@montonarb.org; lgkaya@karaelmas.edu.tr; smyeong@mailbox.syr.edu NR 17 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 103 IS 8 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998AF UT WOS:000234289500004 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Walton, JT AF Nowak, DJ Walton, JT TI Projected urban growth (2000-2050) and its estimated impact on the US forest resource SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE urbanization; urban sprawl; forest loss; forest sustainability; urban forests ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION-GROWTH; TIMBER AB Urban land in the United States is projected to increase from 3.1 % in 2000 to 8.1 % in 2050, an area 2 of 392,400 km, which is larger than the state of Montana. By 2050, four states (Rhode Island, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Connecticut) are projected to be more than one-half urban land. The total projected amount of US forestland estimated to he subsumed by urbanization between 2000 and 2050 2 is about 118,300 km, an area approximately the size of Pennsylvania. Because of this urban growth, a more regional planning and management may be needed to sustain forest products and ecosystem M. services required by a growing urban population. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dnowak@fs.fed.us; jeffreywalton@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 103 IS 8 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998AF UT WOS:000234289500005 ER PT J AU Chavez, DJ AF Chavez, DJ TI Natural areas and urban populations: Communication and environmental education challenges and actions in outdoor recreation SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE communication; environmental education; interface; Latinos; urbanization AB Challenges, opportunities, and actions exist in areas where large urban populations interface with natural areas, such as outdoor recreation sites in southern California. Challenges in the interface include intense recreation use, public safety issues, and complex information strategies. Research results on communications and environmental education offer opportunities to address information challenges. Actions taken include the use of Eco-Teams (delivers environmental messages), a forest information van (delivers information of interest to visitors), and Hawkins Natural Park in South Central Los Angeles (delivers environmental education). Each exemplifies well-planned ways to address interface issues. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Chavez, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dchavez@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 103 IS 8 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998AF UT WOS:000234289500009 ER PT J AU McPherson, G Simpson, JR Peper, PJ Maco, SE Xiao, QF AF McPherson, G Simpson, JR Peper, PJ Maco, SE Xiao, QF TI Municipal forest benefits and costs in five US cities SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE urban forest valuation; economic analysis; urban forest management AB Increasingly, city trees are viewed as a best management practice to control stormwater, an urban-heat-island mitigation measure for cleaner air, a CO2-reduction option to offset emissions, and an alternative to costly new electric power plants. Measuring benefits that accrue from the community forest is the first step to altering forest structure in ways that will enhance future benefits. This article describes the structure, function, and value of street and park tree populations in Fort Collins, Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; Bismarck, North Dakota; Berkeley, California; and Glendale, Arizona. Although these cities spent $13-65 annually per tree, benefits ranged from $31 to $89 per tree. For every dollar invested in management, benefits returned annually ranged from $1.37 to $3.09. Strategies each city can take to increase net benefits are presented. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, US Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McPherson, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, US Forest Serv, SW Res Stn, MS-6,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM egmcpherson@ucdavis.edu; jrsimpson@ucdavis.edu; pjpeper@ucdavis.edu; SMaco@davey.com; qxiao@ucdavis.edu NR 22 TC 81 Z9 100 U1 10 U2 51 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 103 IS 8 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 998AF UT WOS:000234289500010 ER PT J AU Slade, JG Dibble, ED Smiley, PC AF Slade, JG Dibble, ED Smiley, PC TI Relationships between littoral zone macrophytes and the fish community in four urban Minnesota lakes SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ASSEMBLAGES; VEGETATION; BLUEGILLS; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; PLANTS; PREY AB We evaluated relationships between macrophyte and fish communities in the littoral zone of four eutrophic lakes in the metropolitan area of Minneapolis, Minnesota. We observed relationships between slender arrowhead (Sagittaria graminea), tape grass (Vallisneria americana), and sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinatus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum), tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis). C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Slade, JG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1080/02705060.2005.9664785 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982ER UT WOS:000233141200003 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH AF Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH TI The soil moisture-atmosphere coupling experiment (SMACEX): Background, hydrometeorological conditions, and preliminary findings SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) was conducted in conjunction with the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEXO2) during June and July 2002 near Ames, Iowa - a corn and soybean production region. The primary objective of SMEX02 was the validation of microwave soil moisture retrieval algorithms for existing and new prototype satellite microwave sensor systems under rapidly changing crop biomass conditions. The SMACEX study was designed to provide direct measurement/ remote sensing/modeling approaches for understanding the impact of spatial and temporal variability in vegetation cover, soil moisture, and other land surface states on turbulent flux exchange with the atmosphere. The unique dataset consisting of in situ and aircraft measurements of atmospheric, vegetation, and soil properties and fluxes allows for a detailed and rigorous analysis, and the validation of surface states and fluxes being diagnosed using remote sensing methods at various scales. Research results presented in this special issue have illuminated the potential of satellite remote sensing algorithms for soil moisture retrieval, land surface flux estimation, and the assimilation of surface states and diagnostically modeled fluxes into prognostic land surface models. Ground- and aircraft-based remote sensing of the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer properties are used to quantify heat fluxes at the tower footprint and regional scales. Tower- and aircraft-based heat and momentum fluxes are used to evaluate local and regional roughness. The spatial and temporal variations in water, energy, and carbon fluxes from the tower network and aircraft under changing vegetation cover and soil moisture conditions are evaluated. An overview of the experimental site, design, data, hydrometeorological conditions, and results is presented in this introduction, and serves as a preface to this special issue highlighting the SMACEX results. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 19 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 791 EP 804 DI 10.1175/JHM456.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600002 ER PT J AU Meek, DW Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL AF Meek, DW Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Hatfield, JL TI Determining meaningful differences for SMACEX eddy covariance measurements SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIFE 1989 AB Two eddy covariance instrument comparison studies were conducted before and after the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) field campaign to 1) determine if observations from multiple sensors were equivalent for the measured variables over a uniform surface and to 2) determine a least significant difference ( LSD) value for each variable to discriminate between daily and hourly differences in latent and sensible heat and carbon dioxide fluxes, friction velocity, and standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity from eddy covariance instruments placed in different locations within the study area. The studies were conducted in early June over an alfalfa field and in mid-September over a short grass field. Several statistical exploratory, graphical, and multiple-comparison procedures were used to evaluate each daily variable. Daily total or average data were used to estimate a pooled standard error and corresponding LSD values at the P = 0.05 and P = 0.01 levels using univariate procedures. There were no significant sensor differences in any of the daily measurements for either intercomparison period. Hourly averaged data were used to estimate a pooled standard error and corresponding LSD values at the P = 0.05 and P = 0.01 levels using mixed model procedures. Sensor differences for pre- and post-intercomparisons were minimal for hourly and daily values of CO2, water vapor, sensible heat, friction velocity, and standard deviation for vertical wind velocity. Computed LSD values were used to determine significant daily differences and threshold values for the variables monitored during the SMACEX campaign. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Romote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Meek, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM meek@nstl.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 805 EP 811 DI 10.1175/JHM458.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600003 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Senwo, Z Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL AF Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Senwo, Z Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL TI Relationship of soil respiration to crop and landscape in the walnut creek watershed SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CO2 FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FIELD CONDITIONS; CORN CROP; NO-TILL; VARIABILITY; CANOPIES; SYSTEMS; FOREST AB Soil respiration is an important component of the carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Many factors exert controls on soil respiration, including temperature, soil water content, organic matter, soil texture, and plant root activity. This study was conducted to quantify soil respiration in the Walnut Creek watershed in central Iowa, and to investigate the factors controlling this process. Six agricultural fields were identified for this investigation: three of the fields were cropped with soybean [ Glycine max ( L.) Merr.] and three were cropped with corn (Zea mays L.). Within each field, soil respiration was measured at nine locations, with each location corresponding to one of three general landscape positions ( summit, side slope, and depression). Soil respiration was measured using a portable vented chamber connected to an infrared gas analyzer. Soil samples were collected at each location for the measurement of soil water content, pH, texture, microbial biomass, and respiration potential. Field respiration rates did not show a significant landscape effect. However, there was a significant crop effect, with respiration from cornfields averaging 37.5 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) versus an average respiration of 13.1 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) in soybean fields. In contrast, laboratory measurements of soil respiration potential, which did not include plant roots, showed a significant landscape effect and an insignificant cropping system effect. Similar relationships were observed for soil organic C and microbial biomass. Additional analyses indicate that corn roots may be more important than soybean roots in their contribution to surface CO2 flux, and that root respiration masked landscape effects on total soil respiration. Also, the failure to account for soil respiration may lead to biased estimates of net primary production measured by eddy covariance. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 812 EP 824 DI 10.1175/JHM459.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600004 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Prueger, JH MacPherson, JI Wolde, M Li, FQ AF Kustas, WP Prueger, JH MacPherson, JI Wolde, M Li, FQ TI Effects of land use and meteorological conditions on local and regional momentum transport and roughness for Midwestern cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; DISPLACEMENT HEIGHT; HOMOGENEOUS TERRAIN; CANOPY HEIGHT; PLANT CANOPY; AREA INDEX AB Eddy covariance measurements of wind speed u and shear velocity u(*) from tower- and aircraft-based systems collected over rapidly developing corn- (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields were used in determining the local and regional ( effective) surface roughness length z(o) and < zo >, respectively. For corn, canopy height increased from similar to 1 to 2 m and the leaf area index changed from similar to 1 to 4 during the study period, while for soybean, canopy height increased from similar to 0.1 to 0.5 m and the leaf area index increased from similar to 0.5 to 2. A procedure for the aggregation of local roughness values from the different land cover types based on blending-height concepts yielded effective surface roughness values that were from similar to 1/2 to 1/4 of the magnitude estimated with the aircraft data. This indicated additional kinematic stress caused by form drag from isolated obstacles (i.e., trees, houses, and farm buildings), and the interaction of adjacent corn- and soybean fields were probably important factors influencing the effective surface roughness length for this landscape. The comparison of u* measurements from the towers versus the aircraft indicated that u(*) from aircraft was 20%-30% higher, on average, and that u * over corn was 10%-30% higher than over soybean, depending on stability. These results provide further evidence for the likely sources of additional kinematic stress. Although there was an increase in z(o) and < z(o)> over time as the crops rapidly developed, particularly for corn, there was a more significant trend of increasing roughness length with decreasing wind speed at wind speed thresholds of around 5 m s(-1) for the aircraft and 3 m s(-1) for the tower measurements. Other studies have recently reported such a trend. The impact on computed sensible heat flux H using < z(o)> derived from the aggregation of zo from the different land cover types, using the blending-height scheme, and that estimated from the aircraft observations, was evaluated using a calibrated single-source/bulk resistance approach with surface-air temperature differences from the aircraft observations. An underestimate of < z(o)> by 50% and 75% resulted in a bias in the H estimates of approximately 10% and 15%, respectively. This is a relatively minor error when considering that the root-mean-square error (rmse) value between single-source estimates and the aircraft observations of H was 15 W m(-2) using the aircraft-derived < z(o)>, and only increased to approximately 20 and 25 W m(-2) using the 1/2 and 1/4 < z(o)> values, as estimated from the blending-height scheme. The magnitude of the excess resistance relative to the aerodynamic resistance to heat transfer was a major contributing factor in minimizing the error in heat flux calculations resulting from these underestimations of < z(o)>. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. NRC, Inst Aerosp Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 825 EP 839 DI 10.1175/JHM460.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600005 ER PT J AU Wen, J Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Hsu, AY Su, ZB AF Wen, J Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Hsu, AY Su, ZB TI Retrieval of soil moisture and vegetation water content using SSM/I data over a corn and soybean region SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; AMSR-E; INDEX; RADIOMETERS; EMISSION; FREEZE/THAW; ALGORITHM; SALINITY AB The potential for soil moisture and vegetation water content retrieval using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) brightness temperature over a corn and soybean field region was analyzed and assessed using datasets from the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). Soil moisture retrieval was performed using a dual-polarization 19.4-GHz data algorithm that requires the specification of two vegetation parameters-single scattering albedo and vegetation water content. Single scattering albedo was estimated using published values. A method for estimating the vegetation water content from the microwave polarization index using SSM/I 37.0-GHz data was developed for the region using extensive datasets developed as part of SMEX02. Analyses indicated that the sensitivity of the brightness temperature to soil moisture decreased as vegetation water content increased. However, there was evidence that SSM/I brightness temperatures changed in response to soil moisture increases resulting from rainfall during the later stages of crop growth. This was partly attributed to the lower soil and vegetation thermal temperatures that typically followed a rainfall. Comparisons between experimentally measured volumetric soil moisture and SSM/I-retrieved soil moisture indicated that soil moisture retrieval was feasible using SSM/I data, but the accuracy highly depended upon the levels of vegetation and atmospheric precipitable water; the standard error of estimate over the 3-week study period was 5.49%. The potential for using this approach on a larger scale was demonstrated by mapping the state of Iowa. Results of this investigation provide new insights on how one might operationally correct for vegetation effects using high-frequency microwave observations. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 854 EP 863 DI 10.1175/JHM462.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600007 ER PT J AU Li, FQ Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Neale, CMU Jackson, TJ AF Li, FQ Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Neale, CMU Jackson, TJ TI Utility of remote sensing-based two-source energy balance model under low- and high-vegetation cover conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; HEAT-FLUX; VAPOR TRANSFER; LAND-SURFACE; CANOPY; SOIL; COEFFICIENTS; RADIATION; HEIGHT AB Two resistance network formulations that are used in a two-source model for parameterizing soil and canopy energy exchanges are evaluated for a wide range of soybean and corn crop cover and soil moisture conditions during the Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). The parallel resistance formulation does not consider interaction between the soil and canopy fluxes, whereas the series resistance algorithms provide interaction via the computation of a within-air canopy temperature. Land surface temperatures were derived from high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) scenes and aircraft imagery. These data, along with tower-based meteorological data, provided inputs for the two-source energy balance model. Comparison of the local model output with tower-based flux observations indicated that both the parallel and series resistance formulations produced basically similar estimates with root-mean-square difference (RMSD) values ranging from approximately 20 to 50 W m(-2) for net radiation and latent heat fluxes, respectively. The largest relative difference in percentage [ mean absolute percent difference ( MAPD)] was for sensible heat flux, which was approximate to 35%, followed by a MAPD approximate to 25% for soil heat flux, approximate to 10% for latent heat flux, and a MAPD approximate to 5% for net radiation. Although both series and parallel versions gave similar results, the parallel resistance formulation was found to be more sensitive to model parameter specification, particularly in accounting for the effects of vegetation clumping resulting from row crop planting on flux partitioning. A sensitivity and model stability analysis for a key model input variable, that is, fractional vegetation cover, also show that the parallel resistance network is more sensitive to the errors vegetation cover estimates. Furthermore, it is shown that for a much narrower range in vegetation cover fraction, compared to the series resistance network, the parallel resistance scheme is able to achieve a balance in both the radiative temperature and convective heat fluxes between the soil and canopy components. This result appears to be related to the moderating effects of the air temperature in the canopy air space computed in the series resistance scheme, which represents the effective source height for turbulent energy exchange across the soil - canopy atmosphere system. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fcl@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 40 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.1175/JHM464.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600009 ER PT J AU Anderson, MC Norman, JM Kustas, WP Li, FQ Prueger, JH Mecikalski, JR AF Anderson, MC Norman, JM Kustas, WP Li, FQ Prueger, JH Mecikalski, JR TI Effects of vegetation clumping on two-source model estimates of surface energy fluxes from an agricultural landscape during SMACEX SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; STATISTICAL-DYNAMIC APPROACH; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; CLIMATE-MODELS; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; WATER-CONTENT; HETEROGENEITY; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; SOIL AB The effects of nonrandom leaf area distributions on surface flux predictions from a two-source thermal remote sensing model are investigated. The modeling framework is applied at local and regional scales over the Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) study area in central Iowa, an agricultural landscape that exhibits foliage organization at a variety of levels. Row-scale clumping in area corn- and soybean fields is quantified as a function of view zenith and azimuth angles using ground-based measurements of canopy architecture. The derived clumping indices are used to represent subpixel clumping in Landsat cover estimates at 30-m resolution, which are then aggregated to the 5-km scale of the regional model, reflecting field-to-field variations in vegetation amount. Consideration of vegetation clumping within the thermal model, which affects the relationship between surface temperature and leaf area inputs, significantly improves model estimates of sensible heating at both local and watershed scales in comparison with eddy covariance data collected by aircraft and with a ground-based tower network. These results suggest that this economical approach to representing subpixel leaf area hetereogeneity at multiple scales within the two-source modeling framework works well over the agricultural landscape studied here. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observat Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcanders@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 63 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 892 EP 909 DI 10.1175/JHM465.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600010 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Neale, CMU Hipps, LE Prueger, JH Kustas, WP AF Chavez, JL Neale, CMU Hipps, LE Prueger, JH Kustas, WP TI Comparing aircraft-based remotely sensed energy balance fluxes with eddy covariance tower data using heat flux source area functions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLUXES; SCALAR FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; CALIBRATION; EMISSIVITY; SOIL AB In an effort to better evaluate distributed airborne remotely sensed sensible and latent heat flux estimates, two heat flux source area ( footprint) models were applied to the imagery, and their pixel weighting/integrating functionality was investigated through statistical analysis. Soil heat flux and sensible heat flux models were calibrated. The latent heat flux was determined as a residual from the energy balance equation. The resulting raster images were integrated using the 2D footprints and were compared to eddy covariance energy balance flux measurements. The results show latent heat flux estimates (adjusted for closure) with errors of ( mean +/- std dev) -9.2 +/- 39.4 W m(-2), sensible heat flux estimate errors of 9.4 +/- 28.3 W m(-2), net radiation error of -4.8 +/- 20.7 W m(-2), and soil heat flux error of -0.5 +/- 24.5 W m(-2). This good agreement with measured values indicates that the adopted methodology for estimating the energy balance components, using high-resolution airborne multispectral imagery, is appropriate for modeling latent heat fluxes. The method worked well for the unstable atmospheric conditions of the study. The footprint weighting/integration models tested indicate that they perform better than simple pixel averages upwind from the flux stations. In particular the flux source area model ( footprint) seemed to better integrate the resulting heat flux image pixels. It is suggested that future studies test the methodology for heterogeneous surfaces under stable atmospheric conditions. C1 Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Remote Sensing Serv Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Plant Soils & Biometeorol Dept, Logan, UT USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Neale, CMU (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Remote Sensing Serv Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM cneale@cc.usu.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 923 EP 940 DI 10.1175/JHM467.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600012 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Li, FQ Kustas, WP AF Crow, WT Li, FQ Kustas, WP TI Intercomparison of spatially distributed models for predicting surface energy flux patterns during SMACEX SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; HEAT-FLUX; BALANCE PROCESSES; VARIABLE WATER; SENSING DATA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; ASSIMILATION; COEFFICIENTS AB The treatment of aerodynamic surface temperature in soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models can be used to classify approaches into two broad categories. The first category contains models utilizing remote sensing (RS) observations of surface radiometric temperature to estimate aerodynamic surface temperature and solve the terrestrial energy balance. The second category contains combined water and energy balance ( WEB) approaches that simultaneously solve for surface temperature and energy fluxes based on observations of incoming radiation, precipitation, and micrometeorological variables. To date, few studies have focused on cross comparing model predictions from each category. Land surface and remote sensing datasets collected during the 2002 Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) provide an opportunity to evaluate and intercompare spatially distributed surface energy balance models. Intercomparison results presented here focus on the ability of a WEB-SVAT approach [ the TOPmodel-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS)] and an RS-SVAT approach [ the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model] to accurately predict patterns of turbulent energy fluxes observed during SMACEX. During the experiment, TOPLATS and TSEB latent heat flux predictions match flux tower observations with root-mean-square (rms) accuracies of 67 and 63 W m(-2), respectively. TSEB predictions of sensible heat flux are significantly more accurate with an rms accuracy of 22 versus 46Wm(-2) for TOPLATS. The intercomparison of flux predictions from each model suggests that modeling errors for each approach are sufficiently independent and that opportunities exist for improving the performance of both models via data assimilation and model calibration techniques that integrate RS- and WEB-SVAT energy flux predictions. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Res Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Res Sensing Lab, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsudsa.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 941 EP 953 DI 10.1175/JHM468.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600013 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP Hipps, LE MacPherson, JI Neale, CMU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Parkin, TB AF Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Kustas, WP Hipps, LE MacPherson, JI Neale, CMU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Parkin, TB TI Tower and aircraft eddy covariance measurements of water vapor, energy, and carbon dioxide fluxes during SMACEX SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A network of eddy covariance (EC) and micrometeorological flux (METFLUX) stations over corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max ( L.) Merr.] canopies was established as part of the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment ( SMACEX) in central Iowa during the summer of 2002 to measure fluxes of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide (CO2) during the growing season. Additionally, EC measurements of water vapor and CO2 fluxes from an aircraft platform complemented the tower-based measurements. Sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 fluxes showed the greatest spatial and temporal variability during the early crop growth stage. Differences in all of the energy balance components were detectable between corn and soybean as well as within similar crops throughout the study period. Tower network averaged fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and CO2 were observed to be in good agreement with area-averaged aircraft flux measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT USA. NRC Inst Aerosp Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Prueger, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prueger@nstl.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 6 IS 6 BP 954 EP 960 DI 10.1175/JHM457.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 003KC UT WOS:000234679600014 ER PT J AU van Bergen, MAP Simons, G van der Graaf-van Bloois, L van Putten, JPM Rombout, J Wesley, I Wagenaar, JA AF van Bergen, MAP Simons, G van der Graaf-van Bloois, L van Putten, JPM Rombout, J Wesley, I Wagenaar, JA TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism based identification of genetic markers and novel PCR assay for differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFLP; HYBRIDIZATION; STRAINS; JEJUNI AB Differentiation of Campylobacter fetus into C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is important for both clinical and economic reasons. In the past, several molecular typing methods have been used for differentiation, including amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In this study, AFLP was employed to identify C. fetus subspecies specific markers that can serve as a basis for design of novel PCR primer sets for Cfv. Four groups of C. fetus strains with different phenotypic or genotypic traits were examined by AFLP using 22 different Ddel/Mbol primer combinations, Specific AFLP fragments were deduced and sequenced resulting in 41 sequences. Based on the obtained sequences, five potential subspecies-specific PCR assays were developed. Extensive evaluation of the five selected PCRs with a set of 65 diverse C. fetus strains identified primer set Cf C05 as subspecies Cfv-specific. This newly developed PCR is fully consistent with the AFLP subspecies differentiation results. The data indicate AFLP as a powerful tool for comparing closely related genomes and for exploiting this information to develop a specific PCR with extensive typing potential. C1 Anim Sci Grp, Div Infect Dis, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. OIE Reference Lab Campylobacteriosis, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. Keygene NV, Dept Microbial Genom, Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Fac Med Vet, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, OIE Reference Lab Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Wagenaar, JA (reprint author), Anim Sci Grp, Div Infect Dis, POB 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. EM jaap.wagenaar@wur.nl OI van Putten, Jos/0000-0002-4126-8172 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1217 EP 1224 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46186-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 991RJ UT WOS:000233831000015 PM 16278437 ER PT J AU Ravva, SV Stanker, LH AF Ravva, SV Stanker, LH TI Real-time quantitative PCR detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and differentiation from other mycobacteria using SYBR Green and TaqMan assays SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE real-time PCR; TaqMan; quantitation; detection; SYBR green; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; JOHNES-DISEASE; FECAL SAMPLES; NESTED PCR; DNA; MILK; CULTURE; FECES; IDENTIFICATION AB Sensitive real-time sequence detection methods based on two different chemistries were developed for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle. One is based on the detection of SYBR Green bound to PCR products and the second method is more specific, detecting the cleavage of a fluorogenic (TaqMan) probe bound to a target sequence during primer extension phase. Novel primers and probes that amplify small fragments (< 80 bp) of the Map specific insertion sequence, IS900 were designed. Both the SYBR Green and TaqMan assays are sensitive, able to detect 4 fg of DNA extracted from Map strain ATCC19698. This amount of DNA corresponds to the detection of 0.8 cells. Map cells were quantified directly from 7H9 broth using the SYBR Green assay and compared to dilutions of DNA extracted from an equivalent number of cells. The SYBR Green assay of 7H9 broth resulted in a minimum detectable limit of 0.07 cells (equivalent to 0.34 fg of DNA). Media ingredients were not observed to interfere with the assay. Since no extraction step was necessary in the direct cell measurements, direct detection was ten-fold more sensitive than detection of extracted DNA. Both SYBR Green and TaqMan assays are highly specific for the detection of Map. They did not detect any closely related members of the avium complex, other species of mycobacteria, or related genera that are likely to be present in environmental samples. No reporter signal was detected during TaqMan assays performed with 100 pg of template DNA from the non-Map organisms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravva, SV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM subba@pw.usda.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 3 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.04.004 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 987AB UT WOS:000233489700010 PM 15927290 ER PT J AU Tucker, ML Xue, P Raina, A El-Ehrnfried, ML Asif, M Thai, VK AF Tucker, ML Xue, P Raina, A El-Ehrnfried, ML Asif, M Thai, VK TI Characterization of several Heterodera glycines mRNA that encode small proteins with putative signal peptides SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-microbial; Heterodera glycines; reproductive system; peptides; soybean cyst nematode; subtraction library ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; GENE FAMILIES; NEMATODES; ASABF; CDNA AB Two subtraction libraries were prepared from RNA extracted at early and late stages in the development of soybean cyst nematodes (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in soybean roots. The cDNA from inoculated roots vvere subtracted were cDNA prepared from non-inoculated roots and SCN eggs, and 384 clones front each library were sequenced. BLAST searches revealed that 191 of the cDNA in the late library vvere most probably of nematode origin. Alignment of the 191 sequences produced 28 unigenes and 1 singlet. The size of the transcripts for the nematode genes was confirmed by RNA blot hybridization. Thirteen SCN transcripts were selected for further study because they included short open reading frames encoding predicted proteins of < 20 kDa with signal peptides at their amino-terminus. Ten of the 13 encode predictect peptides < 10 kDa. Although most of the 13 transcripts were fairly abundant in the SCN dbEST, most were of unknown function based oil BLAST similarities. Nevertheless, several had characteristics common to anti-microbial peptides, and in situ hybridization indicated that three of the selected transcripts were expressed in the telltale reproductive system. C1 USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, BARC W, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tuckerm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 422 EP 428 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041EV UT WOS:000237437300004 PM 19262886 ER PT J AU Agudelo, P Robbins, RT Stewart, JM Bell, A Robinson, AF AF Agudelo, P Robbins, RT Stewart, JM Bell, A Robinson, AF TI Histological observations of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Gossypium longicalyx and interspecific cotton hybrids SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutumm; Gossypium longicalyx; histopathology; reniform nematode; resistance; Rotylenchulus reniformis ID INCOGNITA RACE 3; RESISTANCE; HIRSUTUM AB Observations on the development of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) on roots of Gossypium longicalyx, G. hirsutum, and two interspecific hybrids derived front them were made by light microscopy. Gossypium longicalyx is reported to be immune to reniform nematode, but the mechanism(s) for resistance are unknown. Penetration of G. longicalyx roots by female nematodes was confirmed, and incipient swelling of the females, indicating initiation of maturation of the reproductive system, was observed. Female maturation occurred up to the formation of a single embryo inside the female body but not beyond this point. In both hybrids, development was inhibited but progressed further than in the immune parent. Reactions ranged from highly compatible, with the formation of active syncylia and full development of females, to incompatible with little or no development of the female. Compatible plants showed characteristic hypertrophied cells, enlarged nuclei, dense cytoplasm, and partial dissolution of cell walls, whereas incompatible plant reactions included lignification of the cells adjacent to the nematode head, or the complete collapse and necrosis of the cells involved. The need to characterize reactions and to carefully select among the plants descended from the hybrids during the introgression process, as well as the importance of combining the results of reproduction tests with histological observation of the plant-nematode interactions, is discussed. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Nematol Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Agudelo, P (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, 118 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pagudel@uark.edu NR 9 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 444 EP 447 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041EV UT WOS:000237437300007 PM 19262889 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Chellemi, DO Peries, X AF Kokalis-Burelle, N Chellemi, DO Peries, X TI Effect of soils from six management systems on root-knot nematodes and plant growth in greenhouse assays SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cropping systems; cucumber; Cucumis sativus; fungal egg parasites; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne incognita; root-knot nematode; tomato ID MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA EGGS; TROPICAL ROTATION CROPS; POWDERED PINE BARK; PARASITIC NEMATODES; PHYTONEMATODE PATHOLOGY; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; POPULATIONS; AMENDMENTS AB The effects of soil management systems oil root-knot. nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) eggs and gal incidence oil tomato (Lycopersicon. esculentum) mid cucumber (Cucumis sativus) following tomato were evaluated. Soil was collected from a replicated field experiment in which six management systems were being assessed for vegetable production. Soil management systems were conventional production, organic production, babiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pasture, bahiagrass: Stylosanthes (Stylosanthes guainensis) pasture, bare ground fallow, and weed fallow. Soil was collected from field plots and used in greenhouse experiments. Identification of egg-parasitic fungi and the incidence of root-knot nematode galling were assessed both oil tomato and cucumber planted in the same pots following the removal of tomato plants. Organic,bare ground fallow and conventional production treatments reduced galling both on tomato and on cucumber following tomato. Although no treatment consistently enhanced egg-parasitic fungi, management system did affect egg viability and the types of fungi isolated from parasitized eggs. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. ISARA, F-69288 Lyon 02, France. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nburelle@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041EV UT WOS:000237437300010 PM 19262892 ER PT J AU Ou, LT Thomas, JE Allen, LH McCormack, LA Vu, JC Dickson, DW AF Ou, LT Thomas, JE Allen, LH McCormack, LA Vu, JC Dickson, DW TI Effects of application methods and plastic covers on distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in root zone SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; distribution; fumigant; fumigation; methyl bromide alternative; polyethylene mulch; root zone; virtually impermeable film ID FLORIDA SANDY SOIL; ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILIZATION; METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; FIELD APPLICATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DEGRADATION; MOISTURE; FILM; PERMEABILITY AB This study examined the effects of three application methods (chisel injection, Avenger coulter injection, and drip irrigation) and two plastic films (polyethylene film [PE] and virtually impermeable film [VIF]) on distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in a Florida sandy soil after application of Telone C35 or Telone In-Line. Regardless of application method, VIF retained greater amounts of cis- and trans-1,3-D and CP in the root zone with longer residential Little than PE. There was better retention of the three compounds in the root zone when applied with the Avenger coulter injection rig than chisel injection, especially in combination with VIF. Distribution of the three compounds in the root zone was less predictable when applied by drip irrigation. Following drip irrigation, more than 50% of the three compounds in the PE and VIF-covered beds waS found near the end of the drip tapes in one experiment, whereas the distribution was much more uniform in the root zone in a second experiment. Among the three biologically active compounds, CP disappeared from the root zone more rapidly than cis- and trans-13-D, especially in the PE-covered beds. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ou, LT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lto@ifas.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 041EV UT WOS:000237437300013 PM 19262895 ER PT J AU Jang, HR Mason, JB Choi, SW AF Jang, HR Mason, JB Choi, SW TI Genetic and epigenetic interactions between foliate and aging in carcinogenesis SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Research Conference on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 14-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int DE folate; aging; 1-carbon metabolism; DNA methylation; uracil misincorporation ID ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION; L-ISOASPARTYL RESIDUES; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; HUMAN CANCERS; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; EXCISION-REPAIR; DIETARY-FOLATE AB Folate is among the most strongly implicated dietary components to convey protection against colon cancer, and diminished folate status is associated with an enhanced risk of colon cancer. Age is also regarded as one of the most important risk factors for colonic carcinogenesis. It is therefore of considerable interest to determine whether the process of aging influences folate metabolism in the colon and whether folate supplementation might prevent the procarcinogenic effects associated with aging. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the colonic mucosa of elder rats is more susceptible to folate depletion than that of young rats. Depletion of folate results in a shift in the forms of folate in the colon as well as increased uracil incorporation into DNA, a purported mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis. However, modest folate supplementation eliminates evidence of inadequate folate status in the colons of elder rats, suggesting that the relation between age and folate status in the colon might be one mechanism by which aging modulates colorectal cancer risk. Interactions between folate and aging also affect a spectrum of epigenetic and genetic phenomena such as uracil misincorporation, DNA methylation, protein methylation, mitochondrial deletion, and critical gene expression, which could be related to carcinogenesis. Aging and inadequate dietary folate may interact and collectively induce derangements in folate metabolism, thereby provoking subsequent molecular aberrations, which may enhance carcinogenesis. However, folate supplementation appears to reverse these adverse effects of aging, which is potentially of substantial import because the latter is an unmodifiable risk factor. C1 Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 100048, U54 CA 100971] NR 64 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 135 IS 12 SU S BP 2967S EP 2971S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993SS UT WOS:000233975900007 PM 16317156 ER PT J AU Wang, XD AF Wang, XD TI The ferret: A unique model for studying lung cancer prevention with carotenoids. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 14-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 135 IS 12 SU S BP 3034S EP 3034S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993SS UT WOS:000233975900023 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, SA Haytowitz, DB Harnly, J Holden, JM AF Bhagwat, SA Haytowitz, DB Harnly, J Holden, JM TI Update of the USDA database for the flavonoid content of selected foods. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 14-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int C1 USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 135 IS 12 SU S BP 3050S EP 3050S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993SS UT WOS:000233975900072 ER PT J AU Zhao, CW Andrews, K Holden, J Schweitzer, A Roseland, J Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Betz, J Saldanha, L Yetley, E Fisher, K Radimer, K AF Zhao, CW Andrews, K Holden, J Schweitzer, A Roseland, J Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Betz, J Saldanha, L Yetley, E Fisher, K Radimer, K TI Antioxidant supplements reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Research Conference on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer CY JUL 14-15, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Inst Canc Res, World Canc Res Fund Int C1 USDA, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 135 IS 12 SU S BP 3055S EP 3056S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 993SS UT WOS:000233975900088 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Barfield, RC AF Fetterer, RH Miska, KB Barfield, RC TI Partial purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from Eimeria tenella SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCCIDIOSIS; STRATEGIES; PROTEIN AB Our previous investigation demonstrated the expression in Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts of an aminopeptidase (AP) with strong homology to AP N. To further understand the role of proteases during development, we investigated the molecular and biochemical properties of E. tenella AP Greater than 95% AP activity was present in a soluble extract during sporulation of oocysts with highest activity in fully sporulated oocysts. The AP activity was inhibited by the AP inhibitors bestatin and 1,6-phenanthroline, but not by serine protease inhibitors. The AP had specificity for synthetic endopeptidase substrates that contain arginine, alanine, or glycine at the N terminus. Partial purification of the enzyme yielded a major protein band with an M-r of about 106 kDa and an isoelectric point (Ip) of 5.1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the gene for AP is expressed during sporulation, but expression is absent or greatly reduced in the sporozoites and merozoites. On the basis of the deduced gene structure, the predicted M-r is 110 kDa with a pI of 5.59. Database search indicates that the E. tenella AP shares significant homology with the AP from Apicomplexan taxa: Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis. Together, these results confirm the presence of a cytosolic AP related to AP N, which is expressed and active during sporulation of E. tenella oocysts. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfettere@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1280 EP 1286 DI 10.1645/GE-554R.1 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400008 PM 16539006 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Jenkins, EJ Rosenthal, B Wong, M Erbe, EF Kutz, SJ Polley, L AF Hoberg, EP Jenkins, EJ Rosenthal, B Wong, M Erbe, EF Kutz, SJ Polley, L TI Caudal polymorphism and cephalic morphology among first-stage larvae of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Protostrongylidae : Elaphostrongylinae) in Dall's sheep from the Mackenzie Mountains, Canada SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; NEMATODA; METASTRONGYLOIDEA; CERVIDS; HOST; DEER; EVOLUTION; PARASITE; RDNA AB We demonstrate polymorphism in the structure of the tail among first-stage larvae of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Protostrongylidae). Two distinct larvae, both with a characteristic dorsal spine, include (1) a morphotype with a kinked conical tail marked by 3 distinct transverse folds or joints and a symmetrical terminal tail spike and (2) a morphotype with a digitate terminal region lacking folds or joints and with an asymmetrical, subterminal tail spike. These divergent larval forms had been postulated as perhaps representing distinct species of elaphostrongyline nematodes. Application of a multilocus approach using ITS-2 sequences from the nuclear genome and COX-II sequences from the mitochondrial genome confirmed the identity of these larvae as P. odocoilei. Additionally, based on scanning electron microscopy (low-temperature field emission), the cephalic region of these larvae consisted of a cuticular triradiate stoma surrounded by 6 single circumoral papillae of the inner circle, 10 papillae of the outer circle (4 paired and 2 single), and 2 lateral amphids. Our's is the first demonstration of structural polymorphism among larval conspecifics in the Metastrongyloidea and Strongylida. The basis for this polymorphism remains undetermined, but such phenomena, if discovered to be more widespread, may contribute to continued confusion in discriminating among first-stage larvae for species, genera, and subfamilies within Protostrongylidae. C1 ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA,Beltsville Area Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA,Beltsville Area Res Ctr E, Bldg 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1325 DI 10.1645/GE-3503.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400014 PM 16539011 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lenhart, A Castillo, CE Alvarez, L Marcet, P Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Lenhart, A Castillo, CE Alvarez, L Marcet, P Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T TI Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens from Venezuela: Isolation, tissue distribution, and molecular characterization SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; BRAZIL; CATS; GENOTYPE; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; PARANA; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 46 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Venezuela was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 16 (32%) chickens with titers of 1:5 in 1, 1: 10 in 2, 1:40 in 2, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 2, 1:320 in 3, 1: 640 in 2, and 1: 1,280 or higher in 2. Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of 13 chickens with MAT titers of 1:40 or more were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues of each of 3 chickens with titers of 1:5 or 1:10 were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissues from the remaining 30 seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to I T gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts; it did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 12 of 13 chickens with MAT titers of 1:40 or more. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from pooled tissues of I of 2 chickens with titers of 1:10. Eight of these 13 isolates were virulent for mice. Genotyping of 13 of these isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that 10 were type III, and 3 were type II. Phenotypically and genetically these isolates were different from T. gondii isolates from North America and Brazil. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Venezuela. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1332 EP 1334 DI 10.1645/GE-500R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400016 PM 16539013 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Marcet, PL Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Marcet, PL Lehmann, T TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Argentina SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; SHEEP AB The prevalence of Taxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 61 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from provinces of Santiago del Estero and Entre Rios, Argentina was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and were found in 25 chickens; titers were 1:5 in 6 chickens, 1:10 in 1 chicken, 1:20 in 2 chickens, 1:40 in 1 chicken, 1:80 in 2 chickens, 1:60 in 4 chickens, 1:120 in 2 chickens, 1:640 in 3 chickens, and 1: 1,280 or higher in 4 chickens. Hearts, pectoral muscles, and brains of 22 seropositive (MAT 1:10 or higher) chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissue from 39 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less were pooled and fed to 3 T gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts, but none was found. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 17 of 22 chickens with MAT titers of 1: 10 or higher. Genotyping of these 17 isolates using polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 4 were Type I, 3 were Type II, and 10 were Type III. Toxoplasma gondii isolates (2 Type I and 1 Type III) from 3 chickens were virulent for mice and 1 Type I was not mouse virulent. Prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in chickens varied among regions, being 3 times greater in the humid Pampeana region (61.2%) than in the semiarid plain of Santiago del Estero (20%). C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1335 EP 1339 DI 10.1645/GE-575R.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400017 PM 16539014 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rajapakse, RPVJ Ekanayake, DK Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Rajapakse, RPVJ Ekanayake, DK Sreekumar, C Lehmann, T TI Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens from Sri Lanka SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING CHICKENS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; BRAZIL; CATS; GENOTYPE; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; PARANA AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 100 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sri Lanka was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies were found in 39 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 8, 1:20 in 4, 1:40 in 5, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 2, 1:640 or more in 2. Hearts and brains of 36 chickens with MAT titers of 1:5 or more were bioassayed in mice. Tissues of 3 chickens with doubtful titers of 1:5 were pooled and fed to a cat; the cat shed T gondii oocysts in its feces. Tissues from 61 chickens with titers of less than 1:5 were pooled and fed to 2 T. gondii-free cats; the cats did not shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 11 of 36 seropositive chickens by bioassay in mice. All 12 T. gondii isolates were avirulent for mice. Genotyping of 12 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that 6 were type III, and 6 were type II. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii from any host in Sri Lanka. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Peradeniya, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1482 DI 10.1645/GE-479R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400039 PM 16539035 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Kaur, T Mitchell, SM Goodwin, DG Strobl, J Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Kaur, T Mitchell, SM Goodwin, DG Strobl, J Dubey, JP TI Buprenorphine does not affect acute murine toxoplasmosis and is recommended as an analgesic in Toxoplasma gondii studies in mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROFILE AB Groups of mice were infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii, treated with the opioid analgesic buprenorphine, sodium sulfadiazine, a combination of buprenorphine and sodium sulfadiazine, or nothing in the drinking water, on days -1 to 12 postinfection. Mice in the T. gondii-infected buprenorphine-treated group did not live significantly longer (P > 0.05) than mice given T. gondii and not treated with buprenorphine. Clinical observations of mice indicated that buprenorphine treatment reduced distress and pain in mice with acute toxoplasmosis. Mice treated with sodium sulfadiazinc alone or sodium sulfadiazine combined with buprenorphine survived the 28-day study. Mice treated with buprenorphine and not infected with T gondii also survived the 28 days. This study demonstrates that buprenorphine does not adversely interfere with acute T gondii infection and indicates that buprenorphine can be given to mice to alleviate pain and distress associated with a T gondii infection, and not adversely influence the results of toxoplasmosis studies. Analgesic (buprenorphine) treatment should now be the standard of care for mice in acute toxoplasmosis studies. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Edward Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1488 EP 1490 DI 10.1645/GE-732R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 013GS UT WOS:000235398400043 PM 16544426 ER PT J AU Zaharia, LI Walker-Simmon, MK Rodriguez, CN Abrams, SR AF Zaharia, LI Walker-Simmon, MK Rodriguez, CN Abrams, SR TI Chemistry of abscisic acid, abscisic acid catabolites and analogs SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABA; abscisic acid; ABA metabolism; ABA analogs; ABA binding proteins; hormone profiling; structure-activity studies ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; (+)-ABSCISIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; ABA 8'-HYDROXYLASE; INTERNAL STANDARDS; BINDING PROTEINS AB Recently there have been breakthroughs on a number of fronts in abscisic acid (ABA) biology research that have advanced the field significantly, including discovery of genes involved in ABA metabolism, along with progress in understanding of ABA signaling (Finkelstein and others 2002; Kushiro and others 2004; Lim and others 2005; Saito and others 2004). At the same time, the chemistry of ABA has advanced. New analytical methods have been developed for profiling ABA and catabolites (Ross and others 2004; Zaharia and others 2005). Novel bioactive catabolites have been discovered from feeding studies with deuterated ABA and catabolites (Zaharia and others 2004; Zhou and others 2004). This review covers recent advances and prospects in natural products chemistry, analysis of ABA catabolism, and applications of ABA analogs for biochemical studies and horticultural uses. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Salamanca, Dept Plant Physiol, Salamanca 37007, Spain. RP Abrams, SR (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, 110 Gymnasium Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. EM sue.abrams@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Nicolas, Carlos/O-8746-2014 OI Nicolas, Carlos/0000-0002-2484-545X NR 68 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s00344-005-0066-2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 998DP UT WOS:000234299100003 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Golden, M Cooke, P Paoli, G Gehring, A AF Tu, SI Golden, M Cooke, P Paoli, G Gehring, A TI Detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 through the formation of sandwiched complexes with immunomagnetic and fluorescent beads SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; RAPID DETECTION; FOODS; O157/H7; WATER AB A new fluorescent sandwich method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef was developed. Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) precoated with anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody were used to capture and concentrate E. coli O157:H7 present in ground beef. Streptavidin-coated fluorescent beads with anti-E. coli O157:H7 to form immunofluorescent beads (IFBs) were used to detect the E. coli O157:H7 captured by the IMBs by forming IMBM-E. coli O157:H7(N)-IFBO sandwich complexes, where the subscripts M, N and O were variable but integral numbers. This sandwich technique was able to detect 500 cfu of the bacteria in a 0.5-mL sample taken from a quantified and diluted broth culture. The method was then applied to detect E. coli O157:H7 in artificially contaminated ground beef. Known quantities of freshly cultured E. coli O157:H7 cells were added to 25-g ground beef patties held in sterile bags with filters. The inoculated patties were stored at 7C overnight; 75 mL of E. coli broth was added to each sample, and the bags were incubated at 40C with shaking at 160 rpm for 4.5 h. After the enrichment, E. coli O157:H7 in the filtrate was captured and concentrated with IMBs and further conjugated with IFBs for detection. The results demonstrate that, after a 4.5-h enrichment period, the developed procedure can detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef previously spiked with 1 cfu/g. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM stu@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 269 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2005.00026.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 995QE UT WOS:000234118100004 ER PT J AU Forsman, ED Kaminski, TJ Lewis, JC Maurice, KJ Sovern, SG Ferland, C Glenn, EM AF Forsman, ED Kaminski, TJ Lewis, JC Maurice, KJ Sovern, SG Ferland, C Glenn, EM TI Home range and habitat use of northern Spotted Owls on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; home range; habitat use; radiotelemetry; Olympic Peninsula; Washington ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; MITIGATION; YOUNG; PREY; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; VOLES AB We studied movements and habitat selection of 20 adult northern Spotted Owls (Strix ocidentalis caurina) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington in 1987-89. Median annual home range size of individual owls was 1147 ha based on the 75% isopleth of the Fixed Kernel (FK), 2406 ha based on the 95% FK, and 2290 ha based on the 100% Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP). Annual ranges of individual owls tracked > 1 yr overlapped by a mean of 70-73%, depending on which estimator was used. Size of annual and cumulative ranges was negatively correlated with the amount of old forest within the cumulative MCP home range and within a 4.3 km radius of the center of activity. Overlap of annual ranges of owls that were paired averaged 64 +/- 5% based oil the MCP and 69 +/- 5% based on the 95% FK. On average, ranges used during the nonbreeding season overlapped breeding season ranges by 65.0 +/- 4.5%, and breeding season ranges overlapped nonbreeding season ranges by 62.6 +/- 4.9%. Compositional analysis of habitat selection indicated that old forests were the most preferred cover type for foraging and roosting and that clear-cuts and non-forest cover types were rarely used. There was little evidence that owls selected riparian areas or forest edges for foraging or roosting. Our observations are consistent with the hypotheses that northern Spotted Owls use larger foraging areas in regions where northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) are their primary source of food, that they prefer old forests for foraging and roosting, and that their home ranges become larger as the amount of old forest declines. The large size of annual ranges on the Olympic Peninsula may be a response to low prey biomass. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Forsman, ED (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM eforsman@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 21 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 365 EP 377 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 015MZ UT WOS:000235556800002 ER PT J AU Camara, MD Griffith, SM Evans, S AF Camara, MD Griffith, SM Evans, S TI Can selective breeding reduce the heavy metals content of pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), and are there trade-offs with growth or survival? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea gigas; cadmium; copper; lead; zinc; heavy metals contamination; depuration; quantitative genetics; genetic correlation ID METALLOTHIONEIN GENES; AMERICAN OYSTER; OSTREA-EDULIS; TRACE-METALS; VIRGINICA; ACCUMULATION; DEPURATION; THUNBERG; CONTAMINATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Oyster producers in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States export large quantities of oysters to international markets. Proposed changes to international limits for heavy metals content in shellfish could drastically curtail exports and impact the viability of this environmentally-friendly industry. "Supply-side" solutions such as moving oyster farms to uncontaminated sites or short-term depuration would incur substantial costs in terms of labor and infrastructure and displace workers in already economically challenged coastal communities, whereas selective breeding could benefit both producers and consumers within the current infrastructure. We studied the feasibility of selective breeding to reduce heavy metal content through a quantitative genetic analysis of heavy metals accumulation in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas by opportunistically sampling a factorial mating experiment initiated in 2000 to study the effects of parent size on offspring growth and survival. The experiment consisted of all possible crosses among six males (sires) and five females (dams). At harvest, we measured four performance traits (yield, survival, whole oyster live weight and shucked meat dry weight) and the accumulated levels of four heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc and cadmium). Analyses of variance testing for sire and dam effects and bootstrap estimates of heritability showed that all of these traits have a genetic basis. Further. half-and full-sib family means correlations revealed genetic trade-offs between copper and cadmium content and performance traits. Preliminary indications are that selective breeding to reduce heavy metals accumulation is possible, but that genetic trade-offs between metal content and performance should be taken into account in designing any program of selective breeding in this species. C1 USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USDA ARS, Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. RP Camara, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Mark.Camar@oregonstate.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 979 EP 986 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039IM UT WOS:000237299200012 ER PT J AU Debboun, M Strickman, DA Klun, JA AF Debboun, M Strickman, DA Klun, JA TI Repellents and the military: Our first line of defense SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Repellents held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Med Zool Branch, Acad Hlth Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Debboun, M (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Med Zool Branch, Acad Hlth Sci, 3151 Scott Rd Ste 0408A, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[4:RATMOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 003JC UT WOS:000234676900002 PM 16921676 ER PT J AU Barnard, DR AF Barnard, DR TI Biological assay methods for mosquito repellents SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Repellents held at the Annual Meeting of the American-Mosquito-Control-Association CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Mosquito Control Assoc ID INSECT REPELLENTS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; COMPARATIVE SENSITIVITY; ANOPHELES-DIRUS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; ALBOPICTUS; EFFICACY; SKIN; DEET AB Three biological assay procedures for repellents are currently documented in the literature: 1) ASTM E951-94. Laboratory testing of non-commercial repellent formulations on the skin. 2) ASTM E939-94, Field testing topical applications of compounds as repellents for medically important and pest arthropods. 1. Mosquitoes. 3) WHO/CTD/WHOPES/IC/96.1, Report of WHOPES informal consultation on the evaluation and testing of insecticides. One public draft set of repel lent-testing guidelines is available on the internet: 4) USEPA OPPTS 810.3700, Product performance test guidelines. Insect repellents,for human skin and outdoor premises. In practice, the outcome of a repellent bioassay using any of these procedures is affected by the absorption, penetration, and chemical modification of repellent on skin and by evaporation, abrasion, and perspiration. Other abiotic factors that influence mosquito responses to repellent stimuli are light, temperature, humidity, repellent dose, exposure time, and test-cage shape and size. Biotic variables in repellent bioassays are larval nutrition, carbohydrate availability for adult mosquitoes, age and parity of females, and differences in the innate attraction/ repellency of test subjects. Geographic location and seasonal and diel activity cycles in mosquitoes determine when and where repellents can be tested in the field. Critical knowledge of these sources of variation can be converted to improved precision and accuracy in repellent bioassays and the resulting information used to efficiently select new repellent compounds for toxicological evaluation and field testing. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Barnard, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[12:BAMFMR]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 003JC UT WOS:000234676900004 PM 16921678 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, S Davey, RB Kline, DL AF Miller, RJ Wing, J Cope, S Davey, RB Kline, DL TI Comparison of carbon dioxide- and octenol-baited encephalitis virus surveillance mosquito traps at the Shoal Water Bay Training area, Queensland, Australia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE octenol; US military; Ross River virus; Australia; ochlerotatus vigilax ID 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; LIGHT AB The use of octenol in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2)-baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) mosquito traps was evaluated under Simulated wartime operational conditions during Operation Tandem Thrust (TT01) at the Shoalwater Bay Training area, Queensland, Australia in 2001. A greater number of mosquito species were Captured in traps baited with octenol plus CO2 than those baited with CO2 or octenol in the saltwater marsh, Freshwater Beach. In the inland environments of Camp Growl and Raspberry Creek, the addition of octenol did not significantly increase the numbers of Mosquito species captured. Trap treatment (octenol only, CO2 only, or octenol plus CO2) influenced the species captured at Freshwater Beach. More Ochlerotatus vigilax, Mansonia uniformis, and Coquillettidia xanthogaster were captured in traps baited with octenol plus CO2, and more Anopheles were captured in traps baited With CO2 only. The most commonly Captured (83%) mosquito species in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area during TT01 was the salt marsh breeder and Ross River virus vector, Oc. vigilax. C1 USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USN, Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Moore Air Base, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)21[497:COCDAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 001WR UT WOS:000234573900031 PM 16506585 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS Tetlow, R AF Kuk, MS Tetlow, R TI Gossypol removal by adsorption from cottonseed miscella SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; cottonseed extraction; gossypol removal; hexane; mineral adsorbents; miscella; regeneration ID SOYBEAN OIL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SOAPSTOCK; MIXTURES; SILICA; ACID AB A variety of aluminas (acidic, basic, and neutral), silica, and synthetic magnesium silicates were screened to evaluate their potential use as adsorbents for reducing the content of gossypol and related compounds from hexane-based cotton-seed miscella. Among the tested adsorbents, one type of silica and two types of magnesium silicate with a relatively high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area (>= 240 m(2)/g) showed a superior adsorption capacity in reducing gossypol from hexane miscella. As a possible regenerating method for the spent adsorbents, washing with acetone was tested. The effect of pH in the washing solvent was also evaluated. Adsorbents that were regenerated by washing with acetone at pH values between 7 and 7.5 performed better than those at pH values between 6.5 and 7. The pH values of washing solvent were adjusted by using a small amount of caustic and 1 M HCl. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kuk, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM mskuk@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 82 IS 12 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s11746-005-1163-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AA UT WOS:000234866300009 ER PT J AU Garen, DC Moore, DS AF Garen, DC Moore, DS TI "Curve number hydrology in water quality modeling: Uses, abuses, and future directions," - Reply to discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Garen, DC (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd,Suite 802, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM David.Garen@por.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1494 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03816.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 002MH UT WOS:000234615100018 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TB Haag, WR AF Kennedy, TB Haag, WR TI Using morphometrics to identify glochidia from a diverse freshwater mussel community SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; Unionidae; glochidia; fish-host relationship; drift; discriminant function ID ANODONTA-CATARACTA SAY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PERCA-FLAVESCENS; LIFE-HISTORY; MOBILE BASIN; YELLOW PERCH; HOST FISHES; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; MOLLUSCA AB We measured shell length, hinge length, and height of glochidia from 21 freshwater mussel species occurring in the Sipsey River, Alabama, to test our ability to identify species based on these glochidial morphometrics. Glochidial size and shape differed widely among species; for all 3 dimensions, mean values for the largest species were 5 to 7X greater than for the smallest species. Within-species variation in glochidia size was low for all species with the exception of Pleurobema decisum, which was represented by 2 glochidial morphotypes; variation within each morphotype was similar in magnitude to variation within other species. We were able to classify 72 to 79% of total glochidia (n = 870 or 750, respectively) to the correct species with discriminant function analysis. Percentage of correct classification ranged from 40 to 100% for individual species. Misclassifications were caused by overlap in shell dimensions between some species, but even species with poor classification success were confounded with an average of only 2.2 to 3.0 other species. Unlike previous studies, we found that glochidia of closely related species were not necessarily more similar to each other than to glochidia of more distantly related species. For example, species in the tribe Quadrulini were widely divergent in glochidium size and represented some of both the smallest and largest glochidia in our study. These 3 shell measurements and subsequent application of discriminant function analysis can be useful for identification of unknown glochiclia or for rapidly narrowing the range of potential species identifications to smaller groups of species with similar glochidia. C1 Univ Alabama, Aquat Biol Program, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USDA ARS, US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kennedy, TB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Aquat Biol Program, POB 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM kenne033@bama.ua.edu; whaag@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 880 EP 889 DI 10.1899/05-001.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 991UJ UT WOS:000233839300013 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Kato, Y Champagne, ET AF Chung, SY Kato, Y Champagne, ET TI Polyphenol oxidase/caffeic acid may reduce the allergenic properties of peanut allergens SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE polyphenol oxidase; tyrosinase; caffeic acid; peanut allergens; Ara h 1; Ara h 2; cross-linking; IgE; dityrosine antibodies ID CROSS-LINKING; CAFFEIC ACID; PROTEINS; PEROXIDASE; DITYROSINE; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; OXIDASE AB Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine residues of proteins and, therefore, their cross-linking. Previously we demonstrated that cross-links produced by peroxidase (POD), which also catalyzes tyrosine oxidation, led to a reduction in the allergenic properties of peanut allergens.(11) We postulated in this study that PPO can also reduce the allergenic properties by cross-linking the allergens. Because caffeic acid, a phenolic compound, can cross-link proteins, its effect on peanut allergens was also examined. In the experiments, peanut extracts were treated with and without PPO, PPO/caffeic (pH 8, 37 degrees C for 1 h) and caffeic acid (pH 10.5, overnight), respectively. The samples were then analyzed for cross-links and IgE binding by SDS-PAGE, Western blots, and competitive inhibition ELISA. Results showed that, in all cases, cross-links and a decrease of the levels of two peanut major allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, were observed. Of the three treatments, PPO/caffeic was the most effective in reducing IgE binding or the allergenic properties of peanut allergens. The availability of tyrosine residues was also demonstrated in a POD-treated system, using a monoclonal antibody against dityrosine. We concluded that PPO/caffeic acid reduced the allergenic properties of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 by cross-linking and decreasing the levels of allergens. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Hyogo, Sch Human Sci & Environm, Himeji, Hyogo 6700092, Japan. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sychung@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 85 IS 15 BP 2631 EP 2637 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2302 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984YG UT WOS:000233342700019 ER PT J AU Li, MH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG AF Li, MH Robinson, EH Bosworth, BG TI Effects of periodic feed deprivation on growth, feed efficiency, processing yield, and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PRODUCTION PONDS; HYBRID SUNFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Two studies were conducted in 110-L flow-through aquaria and 0.4-ha ponds to evaluate effects of periodic feed deprivation on the growth performance of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were deprived of feed 0, 1, 2, or 3 consecutive d/wk, 1 d per 5-d period, or 3 consecutive d per 10-d period and fed to satiation on days fish were fed. In Experiment 1, fish fed less frequently than daily consumed significantly less feed (over the experimental period) and gained significantly less weight than fish fed daily, except that feed consumption of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily. Compared with fish fed daily, fish deprived of feed 2 d/wk had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, and visceral fat increased linearly as the number of days that fish were fed increased. In Experiment 2, there were no significant differences in the amount of feed fed between fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk and those fed daily. Net production of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk or 1 d per 5-d period was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower net production than fish fed daily. Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk or 1 d per 5-d period was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish on other treatments had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis showed that as the number of days fed increased the amount of feed fed and net production increased quadratically. Feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, visceral fat, and fillet fat increased, while fillet moisture decreased linearly as the number of days fed increased. Although feeding less frequently than daily may improve feed efficiency, and fish deprived of feed may demonstrate compensatory growth when a full feeding regime is resumed, it may be difficult to provide enough feed to satiate all size-classes of fish under a multiple-batch cropping system without causing water quality problems. Under normal economic conditions, fish should be fed daily to apparent satiation without waste and without causing water quality problems. However, during periods of unfavorable economic conditions, channel catfish raised from advanced fingerlings to market size may be fed less frequently than daily to reduce production cost. Results from the present study indicated that feeding channel catfish to satiation 5 or 6 d/wk (not feeding on one or two weekend days) could provide some benefits in reducing production cost through reduced feed and labor costs for food-sized channel catfish during periods of low fish prices and high feed prices. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, MH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00392.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 998NE UT WOS:000234324800003 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ AF Geden, Christopher J. TI Methods for monitoring outdoor populations of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE house fly; Musca domestica; trapping; sampling; monitoring ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LAYER POULTRY HOUSES; BAITED JUG-TRAP; FLY DIPTERA; SALMONELLA AB Relative collections of house flies were compared on two Florida dairy farms using several monitoring methods: sticky cylinders, baited jug traps (Farnam Terminator and Victor Fly Magnet), and bait strips (Wellmark QuikStrike). Bait strips were placed over collecting pans and under 61 cm square plywood roofs to protect the toxicant from sunlight ("sheltered QuikStrike traps"). Sticky cylinders collected the fewest flies (515-679 flies/trap/day) and sheltered QuikStrike traps the most (5,659-8,814 flies/trap/day). The sheltered QuikStrike traps are promising tools for disease surveillance programs. The two baited jugs collected a similar and intermediate number of flies, with collections highest during the first 2 days after placement (2,920-5,462 flies/trap/day). Jug trap collections were low after 4 days of use in the field, apparently due to deterioration in the attractiveness of the bait over time. Jug traps collected mostly females, whereas sticky cylinders and sheltered QuikStrike traps collected mostly males. Exposure of jug trap bait (Farnam) to fly cadavers for 3 days did not increase attractiveness of the bait. Combinations of the Farnam and Victor attractants were more attractive than either attractant alone and 25-43% more attractive than expected based on the sum of collections in the single-attractant jug traps. A 25% solution of farm-grade blackstrap molasses was as effective as either of the two proprietary baits tested, offering a low-cost alternative for fly population monitoring. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 2 BP 244 EP 250 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 082NH UT WOS:000240393100012 PM 16599159 ER PT J AU Bennett, RS LaRue, R Shaw, D Yu, QZ Nagaraja, KV Halvorson, DA Njenga, MK AF Bennett, RS LaRue, R Shaw, D Yu, QZ Nagaraja, KV Halvorson, DA Njenga, MK TI A wild goose metapneumovirus containing a large attachment glycoprotein is avirulent but immunoprotective in domestic turkeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; BROILER BREEDER CHICKENS; LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE; B AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUSES; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; SUBGROUP-B; RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; COMMERCIAL TURKEYS; F-GLYCOPROTEIN AB The genomic structure and composition of an avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) recently isolated from wild Canada geese (goose 15a/01) in the United States, together with its replication, virulence, and immunogenicity in domestic turkeys, were investigated. The sizes of seven of the eight genes, sequence identity, and genome organization of goose aMPV were similar to those of turkey aMPV subtype C (aMPV/C) strains, indicating that it belonged to the subtype. However, the goose virus contained the largest attachment (G) gene of any pneumovirus or metapneumovirus, with the predicted G protein of 585 amino acids (aa) more than twice the sizes of G proteins from other subtype C viruses and human metapneumovirus and more than 170 aa larger than the G proteins from the other aMPV subtypes (subtypes A, B, and D). The large G gene resulted from a 1,015-nucleotide insertion at 18 nucleotides upstream of the termination signal of the turkey aMPV/C G gene. Three other aMPV isolates from Canada geese had similarly large G genes, whereas analysis of recent aMPV strains circulating in U.S. turkeys did not indicate the presence of the goose virus-like strain. In vitro, the goose virus replicated to levels (2 x 10(5) to 5 X 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective dose) comparable to those produced by turkey aMPV/C strains. More importantly, the virus replicated efficiently in the upper respiratory tract of domestic turkeys but with no clinical signs in either day-old or 2-week-old turkeys. The virus was also horizontally transmitted to naive birds, and turkey infections with goose 15a/01 induced production of aMPV-specific antibodies. Challenging day-old or 2-week-old turkeys vaccinated with live goose aMPV resulted in lower clinical scores in 33% of the birds, whereas the rest of the birds had no detectable clinical signs of the upper respiratory disease, suggesting that the mutant virus may be a safe and effective vaccine against aMPV infection outbreaks in commercial turkeys. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Anim Diagnost Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM njeng001@umn.edu OI Bennett, Richard/0000-0002-7227-4831 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 79 IS 23 BP 14834 EP 14842 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14834-14842.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984CE UT WOS:000233279300038 PM 16282483 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Schultz-Cherry, S Solorzano, A Van Rooijen, N Katz, JM Basler, CF AF Tumpey, TM Garcia-Sastre, A Taubenberger, JK Palese, P Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Schultz-Cherry, S Solorzano, A Van Rooijen, N Katz, JM Basler, CF TI Pathogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus: Functional roles of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in limiting virus replication and mortality in mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUSES; SPANISH INFLUENZA; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HOST-DEFENSE; INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-2; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; VIRAL-INFECTION; LUNG INJURY AB The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 swept the globe and resulted in the deaths of at least 20 million people. The basis of the pulmonary damage and high lethality caused by the 1918 H1N1 influenza virus remains largely unknown. Recombinant influenza viruses bearing the 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins were rescued in the genetic background of the human A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) (1918 HA/NA:Tx/91) virus. Pathogenesis experiments revealed that the 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus was lethal for BALB/c mice without the prior adaptation that is usually required for human influenza A H1N1 viruses. The increased mortality of 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91-infected mice was accompanied by (i) increased (>200-fold) viral replication, (H) greater influx of neutrophils into the lung, (iii) increased numbers of alveolar macrophages (AMs), and (iv) increased protein expression of cytokines and chemokines in lung tissues compared with the levels seen for control Tx/91 virus-infected mice. Because pathological changes in AMs and neutrophil migration correlated with lung inflammation, we assessed the role of these cells in the pathogenesis associated with 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus infection. Neutrophil and/or AM depletion initiated 3 or 5 days after infection did not have a significant effect on the disease outcome following a lethal 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus infection. By contrast, depletion of these cells before a sublethal infection with 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus resulted in uncontrolled virus growth and mortality in mice. In addition, neutrophil and/or AM depletion was associated with decreased expression of cytokines and chemokines. These results indicate that a human influenza H1N1 virus possessing the 1918 HA and NA glycoproteins can induce severe lung inflammation consisting of AMs and neutrophils, which play a role in controlling the replication and spread of 1918 HA/NA:Tx/91 virus after intranasal infection of mice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Influenza Branch, Mail Stop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI058113, P01 AI058113-01] NR 77 TC 292 Z9 305 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 79 IS 23 BP 14933 EP 14944 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14933-14944.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 984CE UT WOS:000233279300047 PM 16282492 ER PT J AU Arbetman, AE Lochrie, M Zhou, SZ Wellman, J Scallan, C Doroudchi, MM Randlev, B Patarroyo-White, S Liu, TY Smith, P Lehmkuhl, H Hobbs, LA Pierce, GF Colosi, P AF Arbetman, AE Lochrie, M Zhou, SZ Wellman, J Scallan, C Doroudchi, MM Randlev, B Patarroyo-White, S Liu, TY Smith, P Lehmkuhl, H Hobbs, LA Pierce, GF Colosi, P TI Novel caprine adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid (AAV-Go.1) is closely related to the primate AAV-5 and has unique tropism and neutralization properties SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-THERAPY VECTORS; INFECTIOUS CLONES; HEART-FAILURE; GENERATION; DELIVERY; CLONING; EXPRESSION; PARTICLES; ADENOVIRUS; MONKEYS AB Preexisting humoral immunity to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors may limit their clinical utility in gene delivery. We describe a novel caprine AAV (AAV-Go.1) capsid with unique biological properties. AAV-Go.1 capsid was cloned from goat-derived adenovirus preparations. Surprisingly, AAV-Go.1 capsid was 94% identical to the human AAV-5, with differences predicted to be largely on the surface and on or under the spike-like protrusions. In an in vitro neutralization assay using human immunoglobulin G (IgG) (intravenous immune globulin [IVIG]), AAV-Go.1 had higher resistance than AAV-5 (100-fold) and resistance similar to that of AAV-4 or AAV-8. In an in vivo model, SCID mice were pretreated with WIG to generate normal human IgG plasma levels prior to the administration of AAV human factor IX vectors. Protein expression after intramuscular administration of AAV-Go.1 was unaffected in WIG-pretreated mice, while it was reduced 5- and 10-fold after administration of AAV-1 and AAV-8, respectively. In contrast, protein expression after intravenous administration of AAV-Go.1 was reduced 7.1-fold, similar to the 3.8-fold reduction observed after AAV-8 administration in WIG-pretreated mice, and protein expression was essentially extinguished after AAV-2 administration in mice pretreated with much less IVIG (15-fold). AAV-Go.1 vectors also demonstrated a marked tropism for lung when administered intravenously in SCID mice. The pulmonary tropism and high neutralization resistance to human preexisting antibodies suggest novel therapeutic uses for AAV-Go.1 vectors, including targeting diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Nonprimate sources of AAVs may be useful to identify additional capsids with distinct tropisms and high resistance to neutralization by human preexisting antibodies. C1 Avigen Inc, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Arbetman, AE (reprint author), 1301 Harbor Bay Pkwy, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. EM AArbetman@Avigen.com NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 79 IS 24 BP 15238 EP 15245 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.24.15238-15245.2005 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 997VK UT WOS:000234276700025 PM 16306595 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Gao, S Dahlgren, RA AF Chow, AT Gao, S Dahlgren, RA TI Physical and chemical fractionation of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors: A review SO JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA LA English DT Review DE disinfection by-products; dissolved organic carbon; drinking water quality; size exclusion chromatography; ultrafiltration; XAD fractionation ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT; PERCENT AROMATIC CARBON; SHALLOW EUTROPHIC LAKE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NATURAL-WATERS; UV SPECTROSCOPY; RECLAIMED WATER AB High levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), during drinking water treatment raise challenges to management of source waters worldwide. Not all DOM is equally reactive in DBP formation during water disinfection and various physical and chemical fractionation techniques have been applied to identify the major reactive DBP components in DOM. in this review paper, we evaluate three commonly used fractionation techniques used in THM precursor research: XAD fractionation, ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. Research findings from different source waters worldwide are summarized in order to understand the role of various DOM fractions in THM formation and to identify knowledge gaps. The hydrophobic fraction and the fraction with an apparent molecular weight of 1-10 kDa have been implicated as the primary source of THM precursors, but exceptions have been observed. Differences in isolation procedures, chlorination methodologies, origins of DOM and nomenclature used to describe DOM fractions may contribute to discrepancies in results among some studies. Advancement of fractionation techniques in conjunction with sensitive spectroscopic techniques (e.g. UV absorbance and fluorescence) is essential for effectively evaluating DOM quality and quantity in source waters and optimizing water treatment processes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chow, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atchow@ucdavis.edu; sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov; radahlgren@ucdavis.edu RI Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 NR 149 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 66 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0003-7214 J9 J WATER SUPPLY RES T JI J. Water Supply Res Technol.-Aqua PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 8 BP 475 EP 507 PG 33 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 001JD UT WOS:000234528500001 ER PT J AU Mou, P Jones, RH Guo, DL Lister, A AF Mou, P Jones, RH Guo, DL Lister, A TI Regeneration strategies, disturbance and plant interactions as organizers of vegetation spatial patterns in a pine forest SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dichanthelium; forest disturbance; geostatistics; Myrica cerifera; Pinus elliottii; plant regeneration; Quercus; Rhus copallina; spatial heterogeneity ID OLD-FIELD SUCCESSION; TREE ESTABLISHMENT; SPECIES-RICHNESS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SOIL-MOISTURE; HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; MECHANISMS AB To determine how vegetation pattern in early successional forests may be related to plant traits and types of disturbance, we measured percent cover of individual taxa annually in a South Carolina Pinus elliottii forest, starting one year before, and ending four years after harvest and tree girdling disturbances were applied. The 17 most important taxa surveyed were grouped into four regeneration strategies chosen a priori, and the spatial patterns of these groups and of the soil were investigated using global variability, semivariograms and kriged maps. We also examined spatial correlations across years, across taxa, and between species and soil disturbance. Seed bank taxa represented by Dichanthelium spp. increased rapidly and formed large patches, and then quickly declined. Taxa that regenerate by newly dispersed seeds, represented by Rhus copallina and Rubus spp. occurred at first in a few patches, and became widespread later. Stump sprouters, represented by Quercus spp. and Myrica cerifera, had rapid increases in cover, but their spatial patterns were largely determined by their pre-disturbance patterns. Prunus serotina, which relies on both sprouting and dispersed seed, had moderate cover and a random distribution. Within-species temporal correlation of spatial pattern was lower in girdled than in harvested plots, and was not clearly related to regeneration strategy. Forest floor disturbance was patchy and affected the pattern of Dichanthelium spp. in the harvested plots. Negative correlations between herbs and woody plants in harvested plots reflected the role of biotic (i.e., successional) filters on vegetation pattern. Surprisingly, no spatial correlations were detected between the nitrogen fixer, Myrica cerifera and other taxa in this N-limited system. In comparing the spatial and temporal patterns, we found kriged maps more informative than analysis of semivariograms alone. The maps and correlation statistics demonstrated that regeneration traits, spatial patterns of soil disturbances, and interactions among taxa influence dynamics of the spatial patterns of the plants. We also demonstrated that disturbance types affected the importance and interactions among these three factors, and caused different spatial patterns of the plant taxa. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Mou, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM ppmou@uncg.edu RI Guo, Dali/C-3498-2012; Guo, Dali/G-2158-2014 NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 971 EP 987 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-7007-0 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 980RR UT WOS:000233036400006 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Shogren, RL Holser, RA Willett, JL Swift, G AF Doll, KM Shogren, RL Holser, RA Willett, JL Swift, G TI Polymerization of L-aspartic acid to polysuccinimide and copoly(succinimide-aspartate) in supercritical carbon dioxide SO LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polysuccinimide; copoly(succinimide-aspartate); polyaspartic acid; supercritical carbon dioxide; natural polymer; amino acid polymer ID POLY(ASPARTIC ACID); GREEN CHEMISTRY; POLY(SUCCINIMIDE); POLYCONDENSATION; BEHAVIOR; H-1 AB We have prepared two polymeric materials from L-aspartic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide, polysuccinimide and copoly(succinimide-aspartate). The polysuccinimide was characterized by IR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. The copoly(succinimide-aspartate) product was also characterized by titrometric analysis. These natural materials may prove useful in reducing our dependence on petroleum products. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Folia Inc, Birmingham, AL 35211 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dollkm@ncaur.usda.gov; shogrenrl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1786 J9 LETT ORG CHEM JI Lett. Org. Chem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.2174/157017805774717553 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 993BK UT WOS:000233927500003 ER PT J AU Johansen, KA Overturf, K AF Johansen, KA Overturf, K TI Quantitative expression analysis of genes affecting muscle growth during development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MRF; MEF; myostatin; hyperplasia; hypertrophy; rainbow trout ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; 2 MYOSTATIN GENES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ATLANTIC SALMON; SATELLITE CELLS; ADULT MYOGENESIS; KNOCK-DOWN; MEF2 AB The molecular characterization of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy that characterize postembryonic muscle development in rainbow trout is of great interest to aquaculturists because of the commercial value of the species. Determination of temporal expression levels of the genes that control muscle development is an important step in molecular analysis. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize expression in the muscle of 3 MRF, 2 MEF, and 2 myostatin genes during 9 stages of trout development. Expression of genes that promote muscle growth (MRF and MEF) peaked in swim-up fry, and in some cases again in 25-g, 140-g, and spawning fish. Myostatin genes, which restrict muscle growth, were expressed at very low levels early in development, but their expression levels were elevated in 140-g and spawning fish. Expression levels and the known function of each tested gene were used to infer the extent of hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and restriction of muscle growth during each stage. Both hyperplasia and hypertrophy appeared to peak in swim-up fry and spawning females, and hyperplasia also appeared to peak in 25-g fish. These results should provide valuable information for developmental biologists and those interested in understanding muscle growth in fish. C1 ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM kennetho@uidaho.edu NR 44 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 576 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s10126-004-5133-3 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 987WJ UT WOS:000233548000002 PM 16027990 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Mramba, F Sutton, BD Bernier, UR Geden, CJ Mori, K AF Carlson, DA Mramba, F Sutton, BD Bernier, UR Geden, CJ Mori, K TI Sex pheromone of the tsetse species, Glossina austeni: isolation and identification of natural hydrocarbons, and bioassay of synthesized compounds SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glossina austeni; sex pheromone; mate recognition; Africa ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; RECOGNITION PHEROMONE; PALPALIS-PALPALIS; FLIES GLOSSINA; FLY; PALLIDIPES; STEREOISOMERS; TACHINOIDES; COMPONENTS; MORSITANS AB Copulatory responses of male Glossina austeni (Newstead) (Diptera: Glossinidae), that were elicited after contact with frozen female tsetse, were not observed after solvent washing of cuticular lipids. Chromatographic analysis of extracts from laboratory-reared and field-collected G. austeni females yielded natural hydrocarbons that were highly stimulatory to males. Most of this activity was produced by compounds in the alkene fraction. Gas chromatograms (GC) contained five natural alkenes; these were separated by preparative GC for bioassays conducted in Tanzania. The two major alkenes were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to be 13,17-dimethyltritriacont-1-ene and 13,17-dimethylpentatriacont-1-ene, after the samples had undergone derivatization using dimethyl disulphide and saturation with deuterium. These alkenes and natural alkanes were quantified from G. austeni of both sexes from laboratory and field samples to confirm that their presence was consistent in this species. Trials of synthetic samples resulted in the order of biological activity for the stereoisomers of 13,17-dimethyltritriacont-1-ene as follows: S,R-33:1 > R,S- 33:1 > S,S-33:1 > R,R-33:1. Dose-response data showed an ED50 at 5 mu g per treated, solvent-washed male decoy. Of the four stereoisomers of 13,17-dimethylpentatriacont-1-ene, R,R-35:1 showed the most activity. This is the first report of alkene-induced sexual activity in males of the genus Glossina. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Tanzanian Tsetse Res Inst, Tanga, Tanzania. State Florida, Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Insect Pheromones & Traps Div, Hamura, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM dcarlson@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2005.00596.x PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 991IY UT WOS:000233807900016 PM 16336312 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Jordan, H Chung, M Lichtenstein, AH Lathrop, DA Lau, J AF Matthan, NR Jordan, H Chung, M Lichtenstein, AH Lathrop, DA Lau, J TI A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on selected arrhythmia outcomes in animal models SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Review ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY FISH-OIL; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION THRESHOLD; EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; NA+ CHANNELS; N-3; ISCHEMIA AB Epidemiological studies and clinical trials report the beneficial effects of fish or fish oil consumption on cardiovascular disease outcomes including sudden death. We performed a systematic review of the literature on controlled animal studies that assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on selected arrhythmia outcomes. On the basis of predetermined criteria, 27 relevant animal studies were identified; 23 of these were feeding studies, and 4 were infusion studies. Across species, fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid appear to have beneficial effects on ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) in ischemia- but not reperfusion-induced arrhythmia models; no effect on the incidence of death and infarct size; and inconsistent results with regard to arrhythmia score, VF threshold, ventricular premature beats or length of time in normal sinus rhythm, compared to omega-6, monounsaturated, or saturated fatty acids, and no treatment controls. In a metaanalysis of 13 studies using rat models, fish oil but not alpha-linolenic acid supplementation showed a significant protective effect for ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias by reducing the incidence of VT and VF. It is not known whether omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation has antiarrhythmic effects in other disease settings not related to ischemia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Care Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Tufts New England Med Ctr Evidence Based Practice, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Div Heart & Vasc Dis, Heart Res Program, Arrhythmias Ischemia & Sudden Cardiac Death Sci R, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu RI LATHROP, David/A-2758-2008 NR 59 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1557 EP 1565 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.05.026 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 995TU UT WOS:000234127800001 PM 16311086 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Roh, MS Schnell, RJ AF Meerow, AW Roh, MS Schnell, RJ TI Sixteen microsatellite loci from Halesia tetraptera (Styracaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Carolina silverbell; Halesia; microsatellite; population genetics; SSR ID PLANTS AB Sixteen microsatellite loci isolated from Halesia tetraptera are described. All 16 are polymorphic, with four to 13 alleles across 15-19 members of a single half-sib family. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.067 to 1. One locus departs significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our test family. The test population shows significant heterozygote deficiency at this and two other loci. Thirteen loci exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium. These loci will be utilized in paternity analyses of geographically diverse half-sib families. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Arboretum, Florist & Nursery Crops Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM miaam@ars-grin.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 777 EP 779 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01060.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994SJ UT WOS:000234051200019 ER PT J AU Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J AF Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J TI Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from Phaedranassa tunguraguae (Amaryllidaceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Amaryllidaceae; conservation; microsatellite; Phaedranassa; population genetics; SSR ID SEQUENCES AB Phaedranassa tunguraguae is an endangered species endemic to Ecuador. Eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library for this species. Levels of polymorphism were evaluated using a total of 31 individuals from a single natural population. An average of 14.1 alleles per locus was detected, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.387 to 0.903. All but one locus depart significantly from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. These loci are the first microsatellite primers isolated for Amaryllidaceae and will be utilized to investigate patterns of genetic variation of P. tunguraguae, which will contribute data relevant to the conservation of the species. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Oleas, NH (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM nolea002@fiu.edu RI Oleas, Nora/D-3869-2013; OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 791 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01064.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994SJ UT WOS:000234051200023 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Young, S Simons, LH Maldonado, JE AF Ortega, J Young, S Simons, LH Maldonado, JE TI Characterization of six microsatellite DNA loci for Sorex arizonae SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE heterozygosity; microsatellites; polymorphic loci; rare species; Sorex arizonae ID SHREW AB Sorex arizonae is a rare species that occupies a narrow range of habitat types in several mountain ranges of New Mexico, Arizona and Northern Mexico. Here we identify and characterize six microsatellite loci for this species. We screened 63 individuals from four different localities from New Mexico and Arizona to analyse genetic variability. Alleles ranged from three to 16. Heterozygosity ranged from 40% to 78%. Most polymorphic loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the exception of one locus. Primers appear to have reasonable cross-species applicability as five loci amplified in another shrew species (Sorex monticolus). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Shasta Trinity Nat Recreat Area, Reddingf, CA 96003 USA. RP Ortega, J (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Macroecol, Dept Ecol Biodivers, Inst Ecol, Circuito Exterior Junto Jardin Bot,Ciudad Univ,Ap, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM artibeus2@aol.com RI Young, Sarah/E-2883-2014 OI Young, Sarah/0000-0002-8301-5106 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01086.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994SJ UT WOS:000234051200043 ER PT J AU Slotta, TAB Foley, ME Horvath, D AF Slotta, TAB Foley, ME Horvath, D TI Development of polymorphic markers for Cirsium arvense, Canada thistle, and their amplification in closely related taxa SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Cirsium; intersimple sequence repeats; microsatellites AB Suppression of invasive Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense, with biological control agents has stalled because introduced agents were not host-specific. To aid in the development of more effective management strategies, molecular markers are needed to examine the genetic structure of Canada thistle populations. Microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers were developed and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were tested for North American populations. An average of nine polymorphic alleles per microsatellite locus and 11 per ISSR locus were detected. These will be used to examine the genetic structure of C. arvense in the northern Great Plains and their transferability to endemic Cirsium spp. C1 USDA ARS BRL, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Slotta, TAB (reprint author), USDA ARS BRL, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM slottat@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 917 EP 919 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01112.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994SJ UT WOS:000234051200065 ER PT J AU Boccacci, P Akkak, A Bassil, NV Mehlenbacher, SA Botta, R AF Boccacci, P Akkak, A Bassil, NV Mehlenbacher, SA Botta, R TI Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite loci in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) and their transferability to other Corylus species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE cross-species amplification; filbert; polymorphism; simple sequence repeats AB In this work, 18 microsatellite loci were developed in the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using three enriched genomic libraries. They were evaluated on a set of 20 accessions of this species on the basis of number of alleles (mean: 7.1), expected heterozygosity (mean: 0.67), power of discrimination (mean: 0.77) and polymorphism information content (mean: 0.64). Cross-species transferability was evaluated using seven other Corylus species. All primer pairs amplified in all species, except for CaT-C505 in Corylus ferox and CaT-A114 in Corylus californica. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Colture Arboree, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Botta, R (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Colture Arboree, Via Leonardo Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. EM roberto.botta@unito.it OI Boccacci, Paolo/0000-0001-8574-0478 NR 8 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 934 EP 937 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01121.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 994SJ UT WOS:000234051200070 ER PT J AU Blomberg, LA Zuelke, KA AF Blomberg, LA Zuelke, KA TI Expression analysis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene in developing porcine conceptuses SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE STAR; sterodogenesis; preimplantation; transcription factors; embryo development ID SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; SERIAL ANALYSIS; PIG; CELLS; CHOLESTEROL; ELONGATION; ENZYMES; BIOSYNTHESIS; STIMULATION; BLASTOCYSTS AB Steroidogenesis in porcine non-conceptus tissue is regulated by the STAR-dependent transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane. Previous serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) identified a STAR mRNA transcript in the porcine peri-implantation conceptus during trophectoderm elongation and increased conceptus estrogen synthesis between gestational day 11 and 12. To assess a potential role for STAR in the modulation of conceptus steroidogenesis via cholesterol transport, the conceptus STAR transcript was PCR cloned and temporal expression of mRNA and protein were examined. Northern analysis of day 12 corpora lutea and pig conceptus RNA detected multiple STAR transcripts in both tissues and identified the cloned transcript as the longest variant. The transcript had a 99% similarity to a truncated ovarian STAR transcript. The conceptus STAR transcript was temporally regulated during elongation but trace expression was present in day 6 blastocysts and day 25 conceptuses. Differential regulation of STAR mRNA was concomitant with the presence of the stimulatory transcription factor steroidogenic factor 1, and absence of the inhibitory transcription factor dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, critical region on the X chromosome, gene-1, transcripts. In contrast to peak STAR mRNA expression at the filamentous stage, Western blot analyses revealed STAR protein levels were highest in tubular conceptuses. These data confirm the presence of STAR mRNA and protein during porcine conceptus elongation and suggest regulation of STAR at two levels, transcriptionally, in part, through differential regulation of transcription factors, and post-transcriptionally, evidenced by the disparity of protein to RNA in filamentous conceptuses. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blomberg, LA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 124,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lblomberg@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1002/mrd.20369 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 977OF UT WOS:000232812400001 PM 16155961 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Chen, YL Fujjoka, FM AF Yang, Y Chen, YL Fujjoka, FM TI Numerical Simulations of the island-induced circulations over the Island of Hawaii during HaRP SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; AIR-FLOW; CLOUD BANDS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WINDWARD SIDE; PART I; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL AB The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)/land surface model (LSM) is used to simulate the diurnal island-scale circulations over the island of Hawaii during the Hawaiian Rainband Project (HaRP, 11 July-24 August 1990). The model is initialized with the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. The diurnal variations of the land-sea thermal contrast at the land surface and the planetary boundary layer at Hilo, Hawaii, are well simulated. The main discrepancy Occurs on the leeside areas of mountains or ridges below the trade wind inversion (2 km), where the simulated afternoon land-sea thermal contrast at the surface is 1 degrees-3 degrees C lower than observed mainly due to the misrepresentation of lava rocks by the bare ground category in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data and stronger than observed simulated sea breezes bringing in relatively cool maritime air. The flow deceleration and splitting of the incoming trade wind flow and the evolution of the diurnal circulation cells on the windward side, the thermally driven diurnal winds, and the wake circulations on the lee side are well simulated. The simulated diurnal variations in rainfall are also in good agreement with observations. However, the simulated winds in areas well exposed to the trade wind flow are weaker (1-3 m s(-1)) than observed mainly due to the underestimation of trade wind flow in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. The simulated rainfall over windward lowlands at night is underestimated and the maximum rainfall axis shifts farther toward the coast as compared with observations, due to an underestimation of orographic lifting aloft and a relatively large horizontal extent of the simulated katabatic flow because of the weaker-than-observed trade wind flow in the initial conditions. In the afternoon hours on the windward side, the strongest winds (anabatic/sea breeze and trade wind flow) are simulated in low levels over land in response to the surface heating, with a westerly wind deviation beneath the mean trade wind inversion (2 km) and sinking motion over the adjacent oceans. The simulated low-level flow deceleration of the incoming trade wind flow is most significant in the early morning as a combination of island blocking and nocturnal cooling over land. At that time, the simulated upward motion representing the rising branch of the thermally direct circulation extends more than 40 km offshore. Sensitivity tests show that with better surface conditions in the model coupled with the Oregon State University (OSU) LSM, the simulated thermal forcing over land is improved. The improvements in simulated ground temperature, land-sea thermal contrast at the land surface, and mixing ratio lead to better simulation of the strength of land/sea breezes over the island. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Chen, YL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yileng@hawaii.edu NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 133 IS 12 BP 3693 EP 3713 DI 10.1175/MWR3053.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 001AS UT WOS:000234505200017 ER PT J AU Bae, HH Bowers, JH Tooley, PW Bailey, BA AF Bae, HH Bowers, JH Tooley, PW Bailey, BA TI NEP1 orthologs encoding necrosis and ethylene inducing proteins exist as a multigene family in Phytophthora megakarya, causal agent of black pod disease on cacao SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; REGULATORY SEQUENCES; DEFENSE RESPONSES; CELL-DEATH; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; INFESTANS; LEAVES AB Phytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycete pathogen that causes black pod disease in cacao. Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the necrosis and ethylene inducing protein (Nep1) of Fusarium oxysportum. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs (PmegNEP) have been identified in P. megakarya and four other Phytophthora species (P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P. palmivora, and P. sojae). Genome database searches confirmed the existence of multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs in P. sojae and P. ramorum. In this study, nine different PmegNEP orthologs from P. megakarya strain Mk-1 were identified and analyzed. Of these nine orthologs, six were expressed in mycelium and in P. megakarya zoospore-infected cacao leaf tissue. The remaining two clones are either regulated differently, or are nonfunctional genes. Sequence analysis revealed that six PmegNEP orthologs were organized in two clusters of three orthologs each in the P. megakarya genome. Evidence is presented for the instability in the P. megakarya genome resulting from duplications, inversions, and fused genes resulting in multiple NEP1 orthologs. Traits characteristic of the Phytophthora genome, such as the clustering of NEP1 orthologs, the lack of CATT and TATA boxes, the lack of introns, and the short distance between ORFs were also observed. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bae, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rbae@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 109 BP 1373 EP 1385 DI 10.1017/S0953756205003941 PN 12 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 990HO UT WOS:000233734000006 PM 16353637 ER PT J AU Mani, A Handoo, ZA Livingston, S AF Mani, A Handoo, ZA Livingston, S TI Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in the Sultanate of Oman SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE date palm; distribution; Helicotylenchus digonicus; H. multicinctus; Helicotylenchus sp.; Meloidogyne javanica; nematode survey; population density; Pratylenchus sp.; Rotylenchulus anamictus; Rotylenchulus sp. ID DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; LESION NEMATODES; KEY; IDENTIFICATION; REVISION; COBB AB Surveys were conducted in the Batinah, Interior, Sharqia and Dhahira regions and in the Musandam governorate in the Sultanate of Oman to study the occurrence, population density and geographical distribution of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with date palm. Surveys were conducted during two successive cropping seasons from October to April from 1990 to 1997. A total of 165 soil samples were collected and plant parasitic nematodes were identified from the rhizosphere of date palm. Mixed populations of 32 economically important plant-parasitic nematode species belonging to 17 genera were identified, with fifteen identified to species. Rotylenchulus anamictus was reported for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula, and Helicotylenchus digonicus represents a new record for the Sultanate of Oman. The important parasitic nematodes found in date palm rhizosphere included populations of Helicotylenchus multicinctus, which ranged from 22-3960 nematodes/250 cm(3) soil with high numbers at Seeb, Barka, and Rustaq; Meloidogyne incognito, ranged from 156-7560juveniles/250 cm(3) soil with high numbers at Quriyat and Buraimi; M. javanica, with 20-4000 juveniles/250 cm(3) soil with high numbers at Wadi-Quriyat and Dhank; and Rotylenchulus anamictus with 400-12,600 nematodes/250 cm(3) soil with high populations at Adam, Samail, Nizwa, Bahla, Al Hamra, Wadi-Quriyat, Ibri, Buraimi and Wach Al Tayyin. Additionally, Helicotylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., and Rotylenchulus sp. were often observed at varying population levels. Other nematode genera identified Were insignificant in most instances, usually occurring in low population densities. The effects of nematode damage on growth, vigor and yield of date palm need to be investigated. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mani, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, COM, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM manii@hotmail.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 026HV UT WOS:000236330900005 ER PT J AU Inserra, RN Duncan, LW Dunn, D Handoo, ZA Troccoli, A Rowe, J AF Inserra, RN Duncan, LW Dunn, D Handoo, ZA Troccoli, A Rowe, J TI Pratylenchus jordanensis a junior synonym of P-zeae SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE head patterns; lesion nematodes; morphological analysis; SEM; taxonomy AB Pratylenchus jordanensis paratypes from the Rothamsted Nematode Collection in England and three populations from Oman deposited at the USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, U.S.A. were used for morphological analyses by light (LT I) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). Morphometrics and tail shape of P. jordanensis paratypes and populations from Oman were determined and compared with those reported in the literature for P. zeae. Head patterns of P. jordanensis and P. zeae were examined by SEM Using a 20 year-old P. jordanensis paratype removed from the original slide, specimens of an Oman population from grapevine, and a Florida population of P. zeae from St. Augustine grass. Head patterns of the P. jordanensis specimens showed a smooth face with oral disc and lip sectors fused together and three lip annuli like those of P. zeae. The margin of the third lip annulus was interrupted by a diagonal incisure in both the P. jordanensis paratype and P. zeae. The morphological similarities between P. jordanensis and P. zeae suggest that P. jordanensis is a junior synonym of P. zeae. C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, DPI, Nematol Sect, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Florida, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CNR, Ist Protez Piante, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Rothamsted Res, Nematode Interact Unit, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Inserra, RN (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, DPI, Nematol Sect, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RI Troccoli, Alberto/C-5811-2015 OI Troccoli, Alberto/0000-0002-3582-8209 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 026HV UT WOS:000236330900008 ER PT J AU Lau, FC Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Lau, FC Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPARK Workshop 2004 CY JUL, 2004 CL Bar Harbor, ME DE aging; brain; oxidative stress; inflammation; dietary antioxidants; polyphenols; blueberry supplementation; behavioral deficits; hippocampal plasticity; signaling ID FREE-RADICAL THEORY; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS AB Brain aging is characterized by the continual concession to battle against insults accumulated over the years. One of the major insults is oxidative stress, which is the inability to balance and to defend against the cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS cause oxidative damage to nucleic acid, carbohydrate, protein, and lipids. Oxidative damage is particularly detrimental to the brain, where the neuronal cells are largely post-mitotic. Therefore, damaged neurons cannot be replaced readily via mitosis. During normal aging, the brain undergoes morphological and functional modifications resulting in the observed behavioral declines such as decrements in motor and cognitive performance. These declines are augmented by neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Research from our laboratory has shown that nutritional antioxidants, such as the polyphenols found in blueberries, can reverse a-e-related declines in neurcinal sional transduction as well as counitive and motor deficits. Furthermore, we have shown that short-term blueberry (BB) supplementation increases hippocampal plasticity. These findings are briefly reviewed in this paper. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 89 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD DEC PY 2005 VL 26 SU 1 BP S128 EP S132 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.007 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 995SF UT WOS:000234123400028 ER PT J AU Hughes, NM Neufeld, HS Burkey, KO AF Hughes, NM Neufeld, HS Burkey, KO TI Functional role of anthocyanins in high-light winter leaves of the evergreen herb Galax urceolata SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; antioxidant; carbohydrate; evergreen herb; Galax urceolata; photoinhibition ID DEPENDENT ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SEASONAL DIFFERENCES; QUINTINIA-SERRATA; MAHONIA-REPENS; CHLOROPHYLL-B; SHADE LEAVES; GREEN LEAVES; TURN RED; STRESS; PHOTOPROTECTION AB High-light leaves of the evergreen herb Galax urceolata exhibit a striking color change from green to red during winter months due to anthocyanin synthesis in outermost mesophyll cells. Here we investigate three possible functions of this color change. To test the hypothesis that anthocyanins function as light attenuators, maximum photosystem II efficiency (F-v/F-m) of red and green leaves was measured during and after exposure to wavelengths either strongly or poorly absorbed by anthocyanin. To determine whether anthocyanins elevate radical-scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity of red and green leaves was assessed using the alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl assay. Nonstructural carbohydrate levels were analyzed to test the hypothesis that anthocyanins function as a carbon sink. Declines in F-v/F-m under white and green light were significantly greater for green than red leaves, but were comparable under red light. Anthocyanin content positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Although levels of anthocyanins did not appear to be related to nonstructural carbohydrate concentration, high levels of sugars may be necessary for their photoinduction. Results suggest that anthocyanins function as light attenuators and may also contribute to the antioxidant pool in winter leaves. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Neufeld, HS (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM neufeldhs@appstate.edu NR 44 TC 104 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 168 IS 3 BP 575 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01546.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 982HR UT WOS:000233149200010 PM 16313641 ER PT J AU King, JS Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR McDonald, EP Giardina, CP Quinn, VS Karnosky, DF AF King, JS Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR McDonald, EP Giardina, CP Quinn, VS Karnosky, DF TI Tropospheric O-3 compromises net primary production in young stands of trembling aspen, paper birch and sugar maple in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE aspen FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment); elevated carbon dioxide; global change; net primary production (NPP); tropospheric ozone (O-3) ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES CLONES; UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; FOREST FACE EXPERIMENTS; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; PINUS-TAEDA; SOIL CARBON; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB Concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric ozone (O-3) are rising concurrently in the atmosphere, with potentially antagonistic effects on forest net primary production (NPP) and implications for terrestrial carbon sequestration. Using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, we exposed north-temperate forest communities to concentrations of CO2 and O-3 predicted for the year 2050 for the first 7 yr of stand development. Site-specific allometric equations were applied to annual nondestructive growth measurements to estimate above- and below-ground biomass and NPP for each year of the experiment. Relative to the control, elevated CO2 increased total biomass 25, 45 and 60% in the aspen, aspen-birch and aspen-maple communities, respectively. Tropospheric O-3 caused 23, 13 and 14% reductions in total biomass relative to the control in the respective communities. Combined fumigation resulted in total biomass response of -7.8, +8.4 and +24.3% relative to the control in the aspen, aspen-birch and aspen-sugar maple communities, respectively. These results indicate that exposure to even moderate levels of O-3 significantly reduce the capacity of NPP to respond to elevated CO2 in some forests. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM john_king@ncsu.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 80 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 168 IS 3 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01557.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 982HR UT WOS:000233149200014 PM 16313645 ER PT J AU Jin, H Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD Piotrowski, E Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y AF Jin, H Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD Piotrowski, E Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y TI The uptake, metabolism, transport and transfer of nitrogen in an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE C-13 labeling; N-15 labeling; arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM); arginine (arg); Glomus intraradices; in vitro mycorrhizal culture; mass spectrometry; urea cycle ID FUNGUS GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; IN-VITRO; GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER; PAXILLUS-INVOLUTUS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITRATE; ASSIMILATION AB Nitrogen (N) is known to be transferred from fungus to plant in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, yet its metabolism, storage and transport are poorly understood. In vitro mycorrhizas of Glomus intraradices and Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots were grown in two-compartment Petri dishes. N-15- and/or C-13-labeled substrates were supplied to either the fungal compartment or to separate dishes containing uncolonized roots. The levels and labeling of free amino acids (AAs) in the extraradical mycelium (ERM) in mycorrhizal roots and in uncolonized roots were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Arginine (Arg) was the predominant free AA in the ERM, and almost all Arg molecules became labeled within 3 wk of supplying (NH4+)-N-15 to the fungal compartment. Labeling in Arg represented > 90% of the total N-15 in the free AAs of the ERM. [Guanido-2-N-15]Arg taken up by the ERM and transported to the intraradical mycelium (IRM) gave rise to N-15-labeled AAs. [U-C-13]Arg added to the fungal compartment did not produce any C-13 labeling of other AAs in the mycorrhizal root. Arg is the major form of N synthesized and stored in the ERM and transported to the IRM. However, NH4+ is the most likely form of N transferred to host cells following its generation from Arg breakdown. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Pfeffer, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ppfeffer@arserrc.gov RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084 NR 47 TC 101 Z9 124 U1 10 U2 84 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 168 IS 3 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01536.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 982HR UT WOS:000233149200019 PM 16313650 ER PT J AU Kilgore, M Salk, R Carpenter, C Prichard, T AF Kilgore, M Salk, R Carpenter, C Prichard, T TI State forest resource planning programs in the northeast United States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE planners; forestry; administration AB A survey of state forest resource planning programs in the northeast United States was conducted in 2003. Using a mail-back questionnaire, the lead planners of state forestry agencies provided information on the types of planning processes undertaken, organizational capacity for planning, perceptions of planning effectiveness, planner training needs, adequacy of federal support for state planning efforts, and important barriers to more affective planning programs. Survey results indicate that state forest resource planning continues to evolve in response to important organizational and economic changes, as well as important changes to the state's forest resource base. Each state's forest resource planning program is unique and influenced by such factors as statutory authority and direction, available resources, and political support for planning. Opportunities to improve state forest resource planning include designing more effective and useful planning processes, increasing the visibility of planning efforts and resultant benefits oniong decisionniakers and interest groups, strengthening the professional capocit ' NP of planners to effectively carry out planning processes, and integrating state planning efforts with federal planning initiatives and programs. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Kilgore, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mkilgore@umn.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 004BB UT WOS:000234725900001 ER PT J AU Hornsby, BS Ruiz, AM Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Ford, WM Wood, PB AF Hornsby, BS Ruiz, AM Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Ford, WM Wood, PB TI Fall movements of Allegheny woodrats in harvested and intact stands in West Virginia SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE foraging; home range; movement rate; Neotoma magister; radiotelemetry; timber harvesting ID HOME-RANGE AB Populations of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have experienced declines over the last 30 years, particularly in the northern and western parts of their range. Although relatively untested, silvicultural practices that alter forest structure and composition have been hypothesized as having negative impacts on Allegheny woodrat habitat and populations. To investigate the effects of timber harvesting on Allegheny woodrats in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, we compared home range size and foraging movements between woodrats adjacent to a harvested stand to those in an intact forest stand during fall 1997 using radio telemetry. Mean home range size of all woodrats combined was 0.65 (+/- 0.20) ha. Mean home range, movement rate, and maximum distance traveled from the den did not differ between the harvested and intact stands or between sex or age classes. Home range and foraging movements in fall were considerably smaller than those documented from. summer in Previous studies. It is likely that home range and foraging movements are affected less by surrounding habitat alterations in fall and winter than in summer because of limited movements away from the outcrop and reliance on cached foods. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Loganville High Sch, Loganville, GA 30052 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM scastle@forestry.uga.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 004BB UT WOS:000234725900010 ER PT J AU Bull, EL Heater, TW Shepherd, JF AF Bull, EL Heater, TW Shepherd, JF TI Habitat selection by the American marten in northeastern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOREST; SITES AB Habitat used by 20 adult radiocollared American martens was investigated in northeastern Oregon between 1993 and 1997 to provide land managers with information on habitat management for this species. Martens showed a strong preference for old-structure, unlogged stands in subalpine fir and spruce forests with canopy closures >= 50%, a high density of dead trees and logs, and in close proximity to water. Martens avoided harvested stands, dry forest types, early structural classes, and areas with low densities of dead trees. Factors such as disturbance patterns, tree diseases, forest structure, prey base, and predators are important considerations in a management plan for martens. C1 USDA, Forset Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), USDA, Forset Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ebull@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989BW UT WOS:000233648900005 ER PT J AU Bickford, CP Kolb, TE Geils, BW AF Bickford, CP Kolb, TE Geils, BW TI Host physiological condition regulates parasitic plant performance: Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp cryptopodum on Pinus ponderosa SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Arizona; dwarf mistletoe; forest management; host-parasite physiology; photosynthesis; water relations ID DWARF MISTLETOE ARCEUTHOBIUM; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER RELATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NORTHERN ARIZONA; FOREST CANOPIES; LODGEPOLE PINE; STAND DENSITY; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Much research has focused on effects of plant parasites on host-plant physiology and growth, but little is known about effects of host physiological condition on parasite growth. Using the parasitic dwarf mistletoe Arcelithobilan vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum (Viscaceae) and its host Pinus ponderosa, we investigated whether changes in host physiological condition influenced mistletoe shoot development in northern Arizona forests. We conducted two studies in two consecutive years and used forest thinning (i.e., competitive release) to manipulate host physiological condition. We removed dwarf mistletoe shoots in April, before the onset of the growing season, and measured the amount of regrowth in the first season after forest thinning (Study I: n=38 trees; Study II: eta=35 trees). Thinning increased tree uptake of water and carbon in both studies, but had no effect on leaf N concentration or delta(13)C. Mistletoe shoot growth was greater on trees with high uptake of water and carbon in thinned stands than trees with low uptake in unthinned stands. These findings show that increased resource uptake by host trees increases resources to these heterotrophic dwarf mistletoes, and links mistletoe performance to changes in host physiological condition. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kolb, TE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Tom.Kolb@nau.edu NR 84 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2005 VL 146 IS 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0215-0 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 992HV UT WOS:000233875900002 PM 16086165 ER PT J AU Okland, B Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON Erbilgin, N Krokene, P AF Okland, B Liebhold, AM Bjornstad, ON Erbilgin, N Krokene, P TI Are bark beetle outbreaks less synchronous than forest Lepidoptera outbreaks? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE spatial synchrony; scolytidae; moth; weather; population dynamics ID CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; GYPSY-MOTH; POPULATION SYNCHRONY; ACORN PRODUCTION; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; LARCH BUDMOTH; NORTH-AMERICA; DYNAMICS; SCOLYTIDAE AB Comparisons of intraspecific spatial synchrony across multiple epidemic insect species can be useful for generating hypotheses about major determinants of population patterns at larger scales. The present study compares patterns of spatial synchrony in outbreaks of six epidemic bark beetle species in North America and Europe. Spatial synchrony among populations of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus was significantly higher than for the other bark beetle species. The spatial synchrony observed in epidemic bark beetles was also compared with previously published patterns of synchrony in outbreaks of defoliating forest Lepidoptera, revealing a marked difference between these two major insect groups. The bark beetles exhibited a generally lower degree of spatial synchrony than the Lepidoptera, possibly because bark beetles are synchronized by different weather variables that are acting on a smaller scale than those affecting the Lepidoptera, or because inherent differences in their dynamics leads to more cyclic oscillations and more synchronous spatial dynamics in the Lepidoptera. C1 Agr Univ Norway, Norwegian Forest Res Inst, N-1432 As, Norway. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Agr Univ Norway, Norwegian Forest Res Inst, Hogskoleveien 8, N-1432 As, Norway. EM bjorn.oklando@skogforsk.no RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Okland, Bjorn/C-6599-2008; Health Section, Forest/B-6603-2009; Krokene, Paal/A-1835-2008; Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012; Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014; Section, Forest Health/B-1469-2015 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Krokene, Paal/0000-0002-7205-0715; Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095; NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2005 VL 146 IS 3 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0221-2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 992UC UT WOS:000233908500003 PM 16151861 ER PT J AU Dayton, GH Saenz, D Baum, KA Langerhans, RB DeWitt, TJ AF Dayton, GH Saenz, D Baum, KA Langerhans, RB DeWitt, TJ TI Body shape, burst speed and escape behavior of larval anurans SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; PREDATOR-INDUCED PLASTICITY; RANA-TEMPORARIA TADPOLES; PACIFIC TREE FROG; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MULTIPLE PREDATORS; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; MEDIATED SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY AB Variation in behavior, morphology and life history traits of larval anurans across predator gradients, and consequences of that variation, have been abundantly studied. Yet the functional link between morphology and burst-swimming speed is largely unknown. We conducted experiments with two divergent species of anurans, Scaphiopus holbrookii and Rana sphenocephala, to examine how behavior and morphology influence predator vulnerability, and whether tadpole shape is related to burst-swimming performance. Scaphiopus holbrookii, a species that typically uses ephemeral pools, was more active, exhibited slower burst speeds, and was more susceptible to predation than R. sphenocephala, a species associated with more permanent aquatic sites. Our analysis of morphology and burst speed defined a shared axis of shape variation associated with burst-swimming speed regardless of species. Tadpoles with a deeper tail fin and muscle and a smaller body produced faster speeds. The nature and breadth of the morphology-speed relationship suggests it may represent a generalized ecomorphological paradigm for larval anurans. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75960 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Dayton, GH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tamus 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gdayton@tamu.edu RI Langerhans, R./A-4431-2008 NR 88 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2005 VL 111 IS 3 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2005.14340.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984LQ UT WOS:000233306800018 ER PT J AU Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Hill, DE Miska, KB Lindquist, A Dubey, JP AF Sreekumar, C Vianna, MCB Hill, DE Miska, KB Lindquist, A Dubey, JP TI Differential detection of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Hammondia hammondi; Toxoplasma gondii; ITS-1; PCR; diagnosis ID TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE; OBLIGATE HETEROXENY; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; REDESCRIPTION; SARCOCYSTIS; HEYDORNI; CYSTS; GOATS AB Hammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. In the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the ITS-I region of H. hammondi to differentiate it from T gondii. Attempts were made to detect the presence of H. hammondi DNA in the tissues of mice infected with H. hammondi alone, as well as from mixed infections with T gondii, using the newly designed primers. The de novo primers effectively amplified the H. hammondi-specific target fragment from all samples containing H. hammondi, including those with concomitant T gondii infection. Further, the primers did not amplify any fragment from the related parasites like T gondii, Neospora caninum and Hammondia helvdorni. The new primers provide simple and efficient means to differentially diagnose H. hammondi from T gondii even in samples containing both parasites, thus obviating the need for other labourious techniques like mouse bioassay and in vitro cultivation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2005.06.008 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 971CL UT WOS:000232358600008 PM 16153883 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R AF Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R TI Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern United States SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 1ST DETECTION; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PREVALENCE; MACAQUES; STRAINS; HUMANS; CALVES; WATER; SWINE AB Fecal specimens were obtained from 12-24-month-old dairy heifers on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. PCR positive specimens for Enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 131 of 571 heifers examined (23%) and on all the farms visited. The prevalence of E. bieneusi varied considerably across farms, with the lowest prevalence (4.7%) on MD-2 and the highest prevalence (37.8%) on NY-2. All PCR positive specimens that amplified the ITS region as well as a portion of the flanking large and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced to determine the genotype(s) of the E. bieneusi present and six genotypes were identified. Most were identified as cattle-specific genotypes, previously reported from cattle as BEB1, BEB2, BEB3, and BEB4. Two isolates were genetically identical or similar to E. bienesusi reported as the human pathogens Peru 6 and Peru 9 (or D) genotypes. Although our data demonstrate the presence of zoonotic genotypes in cattle, most genotypes found in cattle were host specific. C1 Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 97 IS 6 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1482-8 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 983QH UT WOS:000233246700015 PM 16167161 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG Cole, SA Mehta, NR Cai, GW Tejero, M Bastarrachea, R Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Comuzzie, AG Cole, SA Mehta, NR Cai, GW Tejero, M Bastarrachea, R Smith, EO TI Quantitative genetic analysis of the metabolic syndrome in Hispanic children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT AB Childhood obesity is associated with a constellation of metabolic derangements including glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, referred to as metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this Study was to investigate genetic and environmental factors contributing to the metabolic syndrome in Hispanic children. Metabolic syndrome, defined as having three or more metabolic risk components, was determined in 1030 Hispanic children, ages 4-19 y, from 319 families enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA study. Anthropometry, body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, clinical signs, and serum biochemistries were measured using standard techniques. Risk factor analysis and quantitative genetic analysis were performed. Of the overweight children, 20%, or 29% if abnormal liver function is included in the definition, presented with the metabolic syndrome. Odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome were significantly increased by body mass index z-score and fasting serum insulin; independent effects of sex, age, puberty, and body composition were not seen. Heritabilities +/- SE for waist circumference, triglycerides (TG), HDL, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, and alanine aminotransfierase (ALT) were highly significant. Pleiotropy (a common set of genes affecting two traits) detected between SBP and waist circumference, SBP and glucose, HDL and waist circumference, ALT and waist circumference, and TG and ALT may underlie the clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome. Significant heritabilities and pleiotropy seen for the components of the metabolic syndrome indicate a strong genetic contribution to the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 39 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1203/01.pdr.0000185272.46705.18 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 985ZB UT WOS:000233416500019 PM 16306201 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Growth components and zinc recovery efficiency of upland rice genotypes SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; grain yield; grain harvest index; zinc harvest index ID HARVEST INDEX; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; YIELD COMPONENTS; LOWLAND RICE AB The objective of this work was to evaluate Zn use efficiency by upland rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ten upland rice genotypes grown on an Oxisol (Typic Hapludox) with no application, and with application of 10 mg kg(-1) Zn, applied as zinc sulfate. Shoot dry weight.. grain yield, Zn harvest index, Zn concentration in shoot and in grain were significantly influenced by soil Zn levels and genotypes. However, panicle number and grain harvest index were significantly affected only by genotype. Genotypes CNA8557, CNA8540 and IR42 produced higher grain yield than other genotypes. Genotypes showed significant variability in Zn recovery efficiency. On average, 13% of the applied Zn was recovered by upland rice genotypes. Genotypes with high Zn recovery efficiency could be used in breeding of Zn efficient upland rice cultivars. Higher level of soil Zn (10 mg kg(-1)) increased significantly the concentrations of plant Cu and Mn. However, Fe concentrations in plant (shoot and grain) were not influenced by soil Zn levels. C1 Embrapa Arroz & Feijao, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. USDA ARS, ACSL, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), Embrapa Arroz & Feijao, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. EM fageria@cnpaf.embrapa.br; vbaligar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA DF PA EMBRAPA INFORMACAO TECNOLOGICA, PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA - PAB, CAIXA POSTAL 040315, 70770-901 BRASILIA DF, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1211 EP 1215 DI 10.1590/S0100-204X2005001200008 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 005NW UT WOS:000234832100008 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Shaner, DL Krutz, LJ Walker, TW Buehring, N Henry, WB Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW AF Koger, CH Shaner, DL Krutz, LJ Walker, TW Buehring, N Henry, WB Thomas, WE Wilcut, JW TI Rice (Oryza satiova) response to drift rates of glyphosate SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drift detection; glyphosate; rice; Oryza sativa; shikimate; visual injury ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; WEED MANAGEMENT; SHIKIMIC ACID; RESISTANT; ACCUMULATION; GLUFOSINATE; SATIVA AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to investigate response of two rice varieties, Priscilla and Cocodrie, to sub-lethal rates of glyphosate in terms of injury, shikimate accumulation and yield. In the greenhouse, more shikimate accumulated in Cocodrie than Priscilla at comparable glyphosate rates applied to plants at the three-leaf stage. In field studies, glyphosate was applied to both varieties when they were 74-cm tall and in the internode separation growth stage. Visual injury, plant height, and leaf-tissue samples for shikimate analysis were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (DAT). Rice yield was also determined. Noticeable visual injury and height reduction to both varieties was observed as early as 7 and 3 DAT in Cocodrie and Priscilla, respectively. Shikimate levels in leaves began to increase in both varieties by 3 DAT in a dose-dependent manner and reached a peak between 7 and 14 DAT. Elevated shikimate levels were still detectable by 28 DAT. Similar levels of shikimate accumulated in both varieties at comparable glyphosate rates. However, glyphosate treatment at comparable rates reduced rice yields more in Cocodrie than in Priscilla. The highest rate of glyphosate reduced yield in Cocodrie by 92% whereas there was only a 60% yield reduction in Priscilla. Shikimate levels in glyphosate-treated rice were strongly correlated to yield reductions across both varieties and appeared to be a better predictor of yield reduction than was visual injury. Visual injury coupled with measured shikimate levels can be used collaboratively to identify glyphosate exposure and estimate subsequent rice yield reductions. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Branch Expt Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ckoger@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1002/pt.1113 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 983LX UT WOS:000233234400003 PM 16189844 ER PT J AU Natarajan, R Basak, SC Balaban, AT Klun, JA Schmidt, WF AF Natarajan, R Basak, SC Balaban, AT Klun, JA Schmidt, WF TI Chirality index, molecular overlay and biological activity of diastereoisomeric mosquito repellents SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mosquito repellency; molecular overlay; Picaridin; AI3-37220 ID TOPOLOGICAL ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; GRAPH-THEORY AB Both 1-methylisopropyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate, (Picaridin (R)) and cyclohex-3-enyl 2-methylpiperidin-1-yl ketone (AI3-37220; 220) have two asymmetric centers, and the four diastereoisomers of each compound are known to have differing degrees of mosquito-repellent activity according to quantitative behavioral assays conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture. Computational chemistry was used to identify the structural and configurational basis for repellent activity. Molecular overlay of the optimized geometries of the lowest energy conformers of the diastereoisomers was investigated to elucidate the role of chiral centers in 220 and Picaridin. It was found that the presence of a chiral carbon alpha to the nitrogen with the S configuration in the piperidine ring is essential to the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms of the pharmacophore for effective repellent activity. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu RI Natarajan, Ramanathan/A-5851-2008 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1201 DI 10.1002/ps.1116 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 983LX UT WOS:000233234400007 PM 16187265 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Bourassa, JB AF Sterner, RT Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Bourassa, JB TI Capsicum oleoresin: development of an in-soil repellent for pocket gophers SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; capsicum oleoresin; pocket gopher; repellent, soil; Thomomys talpoides AB A pre- and post-monitoring study was conducted of the potential use of capsicum oleoresin as an in-soil repellent for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were captured in irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), affixed with radio transmitters, and monitored daily for location. Six plots (4.87 x 4.87 m) each were randomly assigned to capsicum oleoresin and soybean oil treatments; these were set up based upon the centers of initial core areas of gophers. Mean (+/- SD) volumes of capsicum oleoresin and water and soybean oil and water mixtures (10 + 90 by volume) dispensed onto plots equaled 178.5 (+/- 4.7) and 175.7 (+/- 14.0) liters, respectively. Movements (m) of the radio-transmitted gophers from plot centers were computed for four daily readings (i.e., 0801-1000, 1101-1300, 1501-1700 and 1801-2000 h). Spectrophotometric analysis of soil samples from capsicum oleoresin plots validated the presence of capsicum on plots and the absence of capsicum on placebo- and off-plot locations. Analysis of variance for movement distances of gophers yielded a Date main effect [F(I 1, 103) = 2.08, P <= 0.03] and a Date x Reading (time) interaction [F(32, 299) = 3.21, P <= 0.01]. Results showed that gophers were located farther from pilot centers for the 0801-1000 and 1501-1700 h telemetry readings for <= 3 days post-chemical application - a probable 'disturbance' effect rather than a chemical-induced avoidance. In a prior laboratory study, capsicum oleoresin and soil treatments of l.S% w/w capsicum caused nearly a 50% decrease in soil contact time by gophers relative to placebo-exposed control animals. This implies that procedural variables warrant revision before abandoning this approach. The potential for soil insertion of repellents as a technique for expelling pocket gophers from territories and some methodological changes for future research of the technique are discussed. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1202 EP 1208 DI 10.1002/ps.1118 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 983LX UT WOS:000233234400008 PM 16200503 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Roberts, DP Mock, NM Whitaker, BD Deahl, KL Aver'yanov, AA AF Baker, C. Jacyn Roberts, Daniel P. Mock, Norton M. Whitaker, Bruce D. Deahl, Kenneth L. Aver'yanov, Andrey A. TI Apoplastic redox metabolism: Synergistic phenolic oxidation and a novel oxidative burst SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE co-oxidation; phenolics; Glycine max; Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas syringae; oxidative burst; hydrogen peroxide; apoplast; redox metabolism; suspension cells ID TOBACCO SUSPENSION-CULTURE; PLANT DEFENSE; CELLS; XENOBIOTICS; RADICALS; ENHANCEMENT; COOXIDATION; ACTIVATION; GENERATION; INDUCTION AB The plant apoplast is an important mediator of communication between the cell cytoplasm and its surroundings. Plant cell suspensions offer a convenient model system to gain insight into apoplastic physiology. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon that took place when two naturally occurring phenolics were added together to either soybean or tobacco cell suspensions. Acetosyringone (AS) and/or hydroxyacetophenone (HAP), phenolics found in the extracellular/apoplast of tobacco cells, were added to soybean or tobacco cell suspensions undergoing an oxidative burst. Individually, AS appeared to be utilized as a typical peroxidase substrate to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, while HAP was utilized at a much lower rate. However, when added together the rate of utilization of both phenolics increased and surprisingly resulted in the production of hydrogen peroxide. We have further characterized this novel phenomenon in suspension cells. This study demonstrates that certain phenolics in plants can cause co-oxidation which, as in animals, could alter the structure and bioactivity of surrounding phenolics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Res Inst Phytopathol, B Vyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004 Rm 119, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bakerc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2006.04.005 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078KZ UT WOS:000240103000004 ER PT J AU Aneja, M Gianfagna, TJ Hebbar, PK AF Aneja, Madhu Gianfagna, Thomas J. Hebbar, Prakash K. TI Trichoderma harzianum produces nonanoic acid, an inhibitor of spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal activity; biocontrol; witches' broom disease; frosty pod disease; Crinipellis perniciosa; Moniliophthora roreri; Theobroma cacao; pelargonic acid ID FATTY-ACIDS; SELF-INHIBITOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; FUNGI AB An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai from an infected cacao pod produces and secretes nonanoic (pelargonic) acid into a liquid culture medium. Nonanoic acid (NA) was very inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens, Crinipellis perniciosa Stahel and Monihophthora roreri Cif. H.C. Evans. It was highly active causing 75% inhibition of spore germination in an in vitro assay at a rate as low as 0.09 mu M for M. roreri and 0.92 mu M for C. perniciosa. Mycelial growth was comparatively less sensitive to inhibition, but still there was a 75% reduction in growth with 0.62 mu M in M. roreri and 151 mu M NA in C perniciosa. In contrast, NA did not affect Trichoderma mycelial growth or spore germination at concentrations that were inhibitory to the pathogens. 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone was also produced and secreted into the medium by T harzianum, however; it was not antagonistic to the cacao pathogens. Although a number of metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. have been identified in the past, this is the first report of NA production and secretion by any Trichoderma. The results suggest that NA may play a role in the successful use of some Trichoderma spp. isolates in the biocontrol of fungal diseases of plants. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Plant Biol & Pathol Dept, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Masterfoods USA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gianfagna, TJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Plant Biol & Pathol Dept, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM gianfagna@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2006.05.002 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 078KZ UT WOS:000240103000005 ER PT J AU Goswami, RS Kistler, HC AF Goswami, RS Kistler, HC TI Pathogenicity and in planta mycotoxin accumulation among members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex on wheat and rice SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE F. acaciae-mearnsii; F. asiaticum; F. austroamericanum; F. boothii; F. meridonale; F. mesoamericanum; Gibberella zeae ID HEAD BLIGHT; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; REDUCED VIRULENCE; AGGRESSIVENESS; SCAB; DEOXYNIVALENOL; RECOGNITION; RESISTANCE; STRAINS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, is a destructive disease of small grains caused by members of the Fusarium grominearum species complex, comprised of at least nine distinct, cryptic species. Members of this complex are known to produce mycotoxins including the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON) along with its acetylated derivatives and nivalenol (NIV). In this study, 31 strains, belonging to eight species of this complex and originating from diverse hosts or substrates, were tested for differences in aggressiveness and mycotoxin production. Large variation among strains, both in terms of their aggressiveness and the ability to produce trichothecenes on a susceptible cultivar of wheat was found; variation appears to be a strain-specific rather than species-specific characteristic. While pathogenicity was not influenced by the type of mycotoxin produced, a significant correlation was observed between the amount of the dominant trichothecene (DON and its acetylated forms or NIV) produced by each strain and its level of aggressiveness on wheat. Some isolates also were tested for their ability to infect rice cv. M201, commonly grown in the United States. While tested strains were capable of infecting rice under greenhouse conditions and causing significant amount of disease, no trichothecenes could be detected from the infected rice florets. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu NR 40 TC 102 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1397 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 987QR UT WOS:000233532900005 PM 18943550 ER PT J AU Andrade-Piedra, JL Forbes, GA Shtienberg, D Grunwald, NJ Chacon, MG Taipe, MV Hijmans, RJ Fry, WE AF Andrade-Piedra, JL Forbes, GA Shtienberg, D Grunwald, NJ Chacon, MG Taipe, MV Hijmans, RJ Fry, WE TI Qualification of a plant disease simulation model: Performance of the LATEBLIGHT model across a broad range of environments SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE confidence interval test; envelope of acceptance test; metamodelling; revalidation ID POTATO LATE-BLIGHT; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; TOLUCA VALLEY; INTEGRATED CONTROL; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; VALIDATION; RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS; QUANTIFICATION AB The concept of model qualification, i.e., discovering the domain over which a validated model may be properly used, was illustrated with LATEBLIGHT, a mathematical model that simulates the effect of weather, host growth and resistance, and fungicide use on asexual development and growth of Phytophthora infestans on potato foliage. Late blight epidemics from Ecuador, Mexico, Israel, and the United States involving 13 potato cultivars (32 epidemics in total) were compared with model predictions using graphical and statistical tests. Fungicides were not applied in any of the epidemics. For the simulations. a host resistance level was assigned to each cultivar based on general categories reported by local investigators. For eight cultivars, the model predictions fit the observed data. For four cultivars, the model predictions overestimated disease, likely due to inaccurate estimates of host resistance. Model predictions were inconsistent for one cultivar and for one location. It was concluded that the domain of applicability of LATEBLIGHT can be extended from the range of conditions in Peru for which it has been previously validated to those observed in this study. A sensitivity analysis showed that, within the range of values observed empirically, LATEBLIGHT is more sensitive to changes in variables related to initial inoculum and to weather than to changes in variables relating to host resistance. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CIP, Lima 12, Peru. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. CIP, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andrade-Piedra, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM j.andrade@cgiar.org RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1412 EP 1422 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1412 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 987QR UT WOS:000233532900007 PM 18943552 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Chen, TC Hsu, HT Liu, FL Chu, FH Chen, CC Lin, YZ Yeh, SD AF Lin, YH Chen, TC Hsu, HT Liu, FL Chu, FH Chen, CC Lin, YZ Yeh, SD TI Serological comparison and molecular characterization for verification of calla lily chlorotic spot virus as a new tospovirus species belonging to Watermelon silver mottle virus serogroup SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE northern blot; protein blot; S RNA sequence; serological reaction ID BUD NECROSIS TOSPOVIRUS; WILT-LIKE VIRUS; S-RNA SEGMENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISTINCT TOSPOVIRUS; GENUS TOSPOVIRUS; N-GENE; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) isolated from central Taiwan was recently identified as a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). To clarify the serological relationship between the two viruses, rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) to CCSV and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WSMoV NP or CCSV NP were produced in this investigation, using purified nucleocapsid protein (NP) as immunogens. The PAb to CCSV NP reacted stronger with the homologous antigen than with the heterologous antigen, with much lower A(405) readings in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and low-intensity banding in immunoblotting. MAbs produced to CCSV NP or WSMoV NP reacted specifically with the homologous antigens but not with the heterologous antigens in both ELISA and immunoblot analyses. The CCSV S RNA was determined to be 3,172 nucleotides in length, with an inverted repeat at the 5' and 3' ends and two open reading frames encoding the NP and a nonstructural (NSs) protein in an ambisense arrangement. A typical 3'-terminal sequence (5'-AUUGCUCU-3') that is shared by all members of the genus Tospovirus also is present in the CCSV S RNA. The CCSV NP and NSs protein share low amino acid identities of 20.1 to 65.1% and 19.9 to 66.1%, respectively, with those of reported tospoviruses. Phylogenetic dendrogram analysis indicates that CCSV is a distinct member in the genus Tospovirus. The results provide evidence that CCSV is a new species in the genus Tospovirus and belongs to WSMoV serogroup. C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Taichung Dist Agr Improvement Stn, Changsha 515, Taiwan. RP Yeh, SD (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. EM sdyeh@nchu.edu.tw OI CHU, FANG-HUA/0000-0003-2299-5013 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1482 EP 1488 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1482 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 987QR UT WOS:000233532900015 PM 18943560 ER PT J AU Kong, L Ohm, HW Cambron, SE Williams, CE AF Kong, L Ohm, HW Cambron, SE Williams, CE TI Molecular mapping determines that Hessian fly resistance gene H9 is located on chromosome 1A of wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; gene mapping; gene pyramiding; Hessian fly resistance; marker-assisted selection; microsatellite; sequence characterized amplified region ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POWDERY MILDEW; WINTER-WHEAT; GERMPLASM LINES; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; LINKAGE; GENOME; LR10 AB Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is one of the major insect pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Hessian fly resistance gene H9 was previously reported to condition resistance to Hessian fly biotype L that is prevalent in many wheat-growing areas of eastern USA and an RAPD marker, OPO05(1000), linked to H9 in wheat was developed using wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs). However, marker-assisted selection (MAS) with RAPD markers is not always feasible. One of the objectives in this study was to convert an RAPD marker linked to the gene H9 into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker to facilitate MAS and to map H9 in the wheat genome. The RAPD fragment from OPO05(1000) was cloned, sequenced, and converted into a SCAR marker SOPO05(909), whose linkage relationship with H9 was subsequently confirmed in two F-2 populations segregating for H9. Linkage analysis identified one sequence tagged site (STS) marker, STS-Pm3, and the eight microsatellite markers Xbarc263, Xcfa2153, Xpsp2999, Xgwm136, Xgdm33, Xcnl76, Xcnl117 and Xwmc24 near the H9 locus on the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 1A, contrary to the previously reported location of H9 on chromosome 5A. Locus Xbarc263 was 1.2 cM distal to H9, which itself was 1.7 cM proximal to loci Xcfa2153, Xpsp2999 and Xgwm136. The loci Xgwm136, Xcfa2153 and SOPO05(909) were shown to be specific to H9 and not diagnostic to several other Hessian fly resistance genes, and therefore should be useful for pyramiding H9 with other Hessian fly resistance genes in a single genotype. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, MWA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hohm@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 124 IS 6 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01139.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 984LJ UT WOS:000233306100001 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Baker, CA El-Bouhssini, M AF Porter, DR Baker, CA El-Bouhssini, M TI Resistance in wheat to a new North American-Russian wheat aphid biotype SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia; Triticum aestivum; biotype; plant resistance AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. The identification of a new RWA biotype in the USA virulent to all commercially grown winter wheats poses new challenges to wheat breeders. Wheat germplasm was evaluated to identify accessions resistant to the new virulent RWA isolate (biotype 2). Eleven biotype 1-resistant wheats and one susceptible check were challenged with RWA biotype 2. Two resistant wheat entries were identified (one highly resistant and one moderately resistant). This information is useful to wheat breeders searching for sources of resistance to the new RWA biotype to incorporate into their breeding programmes. C1 USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Res Unit, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM david.porter@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 124 IS 6 BP 603 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01165.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 984LJ UT WOS:000233306100015 ER PT J AU Zhong, RQ Pena, MJ Zhou, GK Nairn, CJ Wood-Jones, A Richardson, EA Morrison, WH Darvill, AG York, WS Ye, ZH AF Zhong, RQ Pena, MJ Zhou, GK Nairn, CJ Wood-Jones, A Richardson, EA Morrison, WH Darvill, AG York, WS Ye, ZH TI Arabidopsis fragile fiber8, which encodes a putative glucuronyltransferase, is essential for normal secondary wall synthesis SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CELL WALLS; SIMULTANEOUS DOWN-REGULATION; XYLAN SYNTHETASE-ACTIVITY; PISUM-SATIVUM EPICOTYLS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; XYLOGLUCAN GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCURONOXYLAN SYNTHESIS; CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY AB Secondary walls in vessels and fibers of dicotyledonous plants are mainly composed of cellulose, xylan, and lignin. Although genes involved in biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin have been intensively studied, little is known about genes participating in xylan synthesis. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana fragile fiber8 (fra8) is defective in xylan synthesis. The fra8 mutation caused a dramatic reduction in fiber wall thickness and a decrease in stem strength. FRA8 was found to encode a member of glycosyltransferase family 47 and exhibits high sequence similarity to tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) pectin glucuronyltransferase. FRA8 is expressed specifically in developing vessels and fiber cells, and FRA8 is targeted to Golgi. Comparative analyses of cell wall polysaccharide fractions from fra8 and wild-type stems showed that the xylan and cellulose contents are drastically reduced in fra8, whereas xyloglucan and pectin are elevated. Further structural analysis of cell walls revealed that although wild-type xylans contain both glucuronic acid and 4-O-methylglucuronic acid residues, xylans from fra8 retain only 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, indicating that the fra8 mutation results in a specific defect in the addition of glucuronic acid residues onto xylans. These findings suggest that FRA8 is a glucuronyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of glucuronoxylan during secondary wall formation. C1 Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP York, WS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 220 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM will@ccrc.uga.edu; zhye@plantbio.uga.edu NR 77 TC 168 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3390 EP 3408 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.035501 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 989EM UT WOS:000233655700015 PM 16272433 ER PT J AU Tyree, MI Koh, S Sands, P AF Tyree, MI Koh, S Sands, P TI The determination of membrane transport parameters with the cell pressure probe: theory suggests that unstirred layers have significant impact SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cell pressure probe; hydraulic conductivity; reflection coefficient; solute permeability; unstirred layers ID WATER CHANNELS AQUAPORINS; CHARA-CORALLINA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS; PLASMALEMMA TRANSPORT; NITELLA TRANSLUCENS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; INTERNODES; ELECTROOSMOSIS AB A simulation model was written to compute the time-kinetics of turgor pressure, P, change in Chara corallina during cell pressure probe experiments. The model allowed for the contribution of a membrane plus zero, one, or two unstirred layers of any desired thickness. The hypothesis that a cell with an unstirred layer is a composite membrane that will follow the same kind of kinetics with or without unstirred layers was tested. Typical 'osmotic pulse' experiments yield biphasic curves with minimum or maximum pressures, P-min(max), at time t(min(max)) and a solute exponential decay with halftime T-1/2(s). These observed data were then used to compute composite membrane properties, namely the parameters L-p = the hydraulic conductance, sigma = reflection coefficient and P-s = solute permeability using theoretical equations. Using the simulation model, it was possible to fit an experimental data set to the same values of P-min(max), t(min(max)) and T-1/2(s) incorporating different, likely values of unstirred layer thickness, where each thickness requires a unique set of plasmalemma membrane values of L-p, sigma and P-s. We conclude that it is not possible to compute plasmalemma membrane properties from cell pressure probe experiments without independent knowledge of the unstirred layer thickness. C1 US Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. CSIRO, Forestry & Forest Prod & Cooperat Res Ctr Sustain, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Tyree, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 705 Spear St,POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM mtyree@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1475 EP 1486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01384.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 998UK UT WOS:000234345200002 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Gesch, RW Jia, Y Chao, WS Horvath, DP AF Anderson, JV Gesch, RW Jia, Y Chao, WS Horvath, DP TI Seasonal shifts in dormancy status, carbohydrate metabolism, and related gene expression in crown buds of leafy spurge SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate metabolism; dormancy; gene expression; perennial weeds; sugar ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA; CORRELATIVE INHIBITION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ROOT BUDS; SUCROSE; GROWTH; SUGAR; STRESS; PLANTS; VERNALIZATION AB Crown buds of field-grown leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) were examined to determine relationships between carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression throughout para-, endo-, and eco-dormancy during the transition from summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The data indicates that endo-dormancy plays a role in preventing new shoot growth during the transition from autumn to winter. Cold temperature was involved in breaking endodormancy, inducing flowering competence, and inhibiting shoot growth. An inverse relationship developed between starch and soluble sugar (mainly sucrose) content in buds during the shift from para- to endo-dormancy, which continued through eco-dormancy. Unlike starch content, soluble sugars were lowest in crown buds during para-dormancy but increased over two- to three-fold during the transition to endo-dormancy. Several genes (AGPase, HK, SPS, SuSy, and UGPase) coding for proteins involved in sugar metabolism were differentially regulated in conjunction with well-defined phases of dormancy in crown buds. Marker genes for S-phase progression, cell wall biochemistry, or responsive to auxin were also differentially regulated during transition from para-, endo-, and eco-dormancy. The results were used to develop a model showing potential signalling pathways involved in regulating seasonal dormancy status in leafy spurge crown buds. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM andersjv@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 46 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1567 EP 1578 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01393.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 998UK UT WOS:000234345200010 ER PT J AU Keith, LM Sewake, KT Zee, FT AF Keith, LM Sewake, KT Zee, FT TI Isolation and characterization of Burkholderia gladioli from orchids in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Orchidoceae ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE STRAINS; CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA; RDNA SPACER REGIONS; COPPER RESISTANCE; STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; PLASMIDS; PCR; TREES AB Bacterial diseases of orchids continue to be serious problems. Bacterial strains were isolated from orchid plants exhibiting disease symptoms in Hawaii. Small to large leaf spots with or without water-soaking or soft rots were observed on various orchid genera, including Dendrobium, Oncidium, and Miltonia spp. and hybrids. Bacteria isolated and cultured from the lesions were tentatively identified using analytical profile index (APT) strips and standard physiological and biochemical tests, and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The variation in pathogenic, morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics of the orchid isolates also was evaluated. In our studies, a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that produced pale yellow, opaque, round colonies with entire margins on nutrient broth yeast extract agar (NBY) was isolated consistently from diseased orchid plants. On yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar, the isolates produced brownish-yellow, nonmucoid colonies, with the majority of the strains secreting a diffusible yellow or tan pigment into the media. The bacterium was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. Molecular analysis indicated very little diversity in the 16S rDNA gene. Testing B. gladioli isolates using media containing copper or streptomycin indicated varying levels of resistance (copper resistant = Cu-r; streptomycin resistant, SMr), with approximately 75% of the strains resistant to copper and 94% of the strains resistant to streptomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cupric sulfate among Cu-r strains ranged from 50 to 1,000 mu g/ml and the MIC of streptomycin was 50 to 100 mu g/ml for all Sm-r B. gladioli strains tested. Field and laboratory data suggest the frequent use of these chemicals in nurseries may have inadvertently resulted in the development of copper and streptomycin resistance in B. gladioli from orchids. C1 USDA ARS, PBARC, TPGRMU, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Cooperat Extens Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Keith, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, PBARC, TPGRMU, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM lkeith@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1273 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MJ Melton, TA Shew, HD AF Sullivan, MJ Melton, TA Shew, HD TI Managing the race structure of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae with cultivar rotation SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fla. 301 Nicotiana tabacum ID FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; BLACK SHANK; COKER 371-GOLD; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; INFECTION AB Deployment of tobacco cultivars with single-gene, complete resistance to race 0 of the tobacco black shank pathogen, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, has resulted in a rapid increase in the occurrence of race 1 of the pathogen in North Carolina. Cultivar-rotation studies were conducted in three fields to assess how different levels and types of resistance affected the race structure and population dynamics of the pathogen when deployed in fields initially containing single or mixed races of the pathogen. In a field with both races present, a high level of partial resistance in cv. K 346 was most effective in reducing disease and decreasing the proportion of race 1 in the pathogen population. The deployment of complete resistance in cv. NC 71 resulted in intermediate levels of disease control and race 1 became the predominate race. The cv. K 326, with a low level of partial resistance, had the highest levels of disease, and race 0 was the dominant race recovered. In a field where no race 1 was detected initially, disease incidence was high with the use of partial resistance. Complete resistance was very effective in suppressing disease, but race 1 was recovered after only one growing season. By the end of the third growing season, race 1 was recovered from most treatments where single-gene resistance was deployed. A high level of partial resistance was most effective in suppressing disease in a field where race 1 initially was the predominant race. A rotation between cultivars; with single-gene resistance and cultivars with a high level of partial resistance should provide the most effective approach to black shank management. This rotation will reduce disease incidence and minimize race shifts in the pathogen and, over time, should prolong the usefulness of the Ph gene for black shank control in commercial production of tobacco. C1 USDA, Natl Weed Management Lab, APHIS, PPQ CPHST, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Carolina State Univ, AgNR CRD, Cooperat Extens Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sullivan, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Weed Management Lab, APHIS, PPQ CPHST, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Melinda.J.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1285 EP 1294 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1285 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100006 ER PT J AU Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R DeValerio, JT AF Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R DeValerio, JT TI Influence of epidemiological factors on the bioherbicidal efficacy of Phomopsis amaranthicola on Amaranthus hybridus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biological control; pigweed ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; BINDWEED CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; SESBANIA SESBANIA-EXALTATA; CROP-WEED INTERFERENCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INVERT EMULSION; FIELD BINDWEED; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; MYCOHERBICIDE DELIVERY AB Greenhouse experiments were per-formed to determine the effect of dew period temperature and duration, plant growth stage, conidial concentration, and the addition of adjuvants on the bioherbicidal efficacy of Phomopsis amaranthicola on Amaranthus spp., using Amaranthus hybridus as test plant. R amaranthicola infected A. hybridus at 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C but the disease level achieved at 20 degrees C may not be sufficient to cause high plant mortality. Plant mortality was also significantly lower in plants that were exposed to 4 h of dew. Plants at less than two- to two- to four-leaf stage were more easily killed than older plants, and increasing conidial concentration from 10(5) to 10(6) or 10(7) conidia ml(-1) did not result in higher mortality levels. Among the adjuvants tested, polyalkyleneoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, algal polysaccharide, hyrdroxyethyl cellulose, and octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol reduced conidial germination. Conidia applied with invert emulsion caused the highest plant mortality (74%) but invert emulsion alone caused 33% plant death due to phytotoxicity. Results indicate that P. amaranthicola can infect and kill Amaranthus spp. under a range of temperature, dew period, and inoculum levels and, therefore, has good potential as a bioherbicide agent. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Erosskopf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1295 EP 1300 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1295 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100007 ER PT J AU Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE AF Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE TI Spore germination, infection structure formation, and colony development of Erysiphe pulchra on dogwood leaves and glass slides SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Cornus florida; infection process; Microsphaera pulchra; powdery mildew ID POWDERY MILDEW; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS AB Spore germination, infection structure formation, and colony development of Erysiphe pulchra on glass slides and leaf disks of a susceptible flowering dogwood line were examined using light and scanning electron microscopes. On both glass slides and leaf disks, germination of conidia started within 2 h after inoculation (hai). One to four germ tubes grew from two poles of a conidium, one or two of the germ tubes formed initial appressoria, and only one of the germ tubes with initial appressoria formed secondary appressoria. However, formation of initial and secondary appressoria was delayed on glass slides (48 and 72 hai, respectively) compared with that on dogwood leaf disks (3 and 24 hai, respectively). Branching hyphae did not grow from germinated conidia on glass slides. However, on dogwood leaf disks, branched hyphae were observed 48 hai. In epidermal cells, the fungus formed compact and globose haustoria. Conidia formation on conidiophores started on leaf disks 7 days after inoculation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Windham, MT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwindham@utk.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1301 EP 1304 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1301 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100008 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC Ocamb, CM Mellbye, ME AF Alderman, SC Ocamb, CM Mellbye, ME TI Quantitative assessment of Anguina sp and Rathayibacter rathayi in dactylis glomerata seed production fields in oregon and estimates of yield loss SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bacterial head blight; Rathay's disease; seed gall; yellow berry ID ANNUAL RYEGRASS; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; GRASS; NEMATODES AB Anguina sp. is a nematode that infests the inflorescence of orchardgrass and forms galls that replace the seed. Anguina sp. is also a vector of the bacterial pathogen Rathayibacter rathayi, which causes galls or gummosis in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) particles. The percentage of orchardgrass panicles infected or percentage of seed loss from Anguina sp. or R. rathayi in five commercial orchardgrass seed-production fields in Oregon during 2003 and 2004 was determined. The percentage of panicles with Anguina sp. ranged from 9 to 24%, although the percentage of seed replaced by Anguina sp. was less than 0.2%. The number of galls per particle ranged from 1 to 29. However, more than 50% of Anguina-infested particles contained only a single Anguina gall and few particles had eight or more galls. The percentage of panicles with R. rathayi ranged from 3 to 27%. Percentage of seed loss from R. rathayi ranged from 0.1 to 7.3%. Seed loss in orchardgrass seed-production fields assessed for both Anguina sp. and R. rathayi was found to be as great as 8%. The number of Anguina galls remaining in fields following harvest ranged from 0 to 40 per square meter. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM aldermas@onid.orst.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1313 EP 1316 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1313 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100010 ER PT J AU Parker, PE Bock, CH Gottwald, TR AF Parker, PE Bock, CH Gottwald, TR TI Comparison of techniques to sample Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in windblown spray SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL SPOT; DISPERSAL; CANKER; NURSERIES; FLORIDA; SPLASH; CAMPESTRIS; ARGENTINA; INOCULUM; LESIONS AB Four techniques were evaluated to sample windblown splash from canker-infected citrus plants. Two volumetric cyclone samplers (PAS450 and Burkard Cyclone) and two passive samplers (funnels and panels) were evaluated. The PAS450 collected no detectable bacteria in any trial. The Burkard cyclone consistently collected spray, but was found to do so even when the power was turned off. Thus, the Burkard cyclone essentially functioned passively, negating the advantage of a volumetric sampler for this application. Panels collected the greatest volume of splash followed by funnel samplers. CFU of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri per ml collected were significantly different between Burkards and panel samplers, but panels and funnels collected similar concentrations (Burkards, funnels, and panels collected 1, 182, 1,426, and 2,667 CFU per ml, respectively). Positive correlations were found between the volume and the total X. axonopodis pv. citri collected, and between CFU per ml and total collected for panel and funnel samples. However, there was no correlation between CFU per ml and volume collected for either sampler. The Burkard sample showed a strong positive correlation (P < 0.01) between volume collected, total number of X. axonopodis pv. citri collected, and CFU per ml. The CFU per ml collected by the panels and funnels were similar (coefficient of determination, R-2 = 0.97), compared with the relationship between the Burkard and panel catches (R-2 = 0.68), or between the Burkard and funnel catches (R-2 = 0.62). Panels collected the greatest volume, and effectively collected bacteria-laden windblown splash. The greater sampling area of the panels allowed a more representative sample than the other methods tested. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Parker, PE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Moore Air Base,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM paul.e.parker@aphis.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1324 EP 1330 DI 10.1094/PD-89-1324 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985ZP UT WOS:000233418100012 ER PT J AU Uhde-Stone, C Liu, JQ Zinn, KE Allan, DL Vance, CP AF Uhde-Stone, C Liu, JQ Zinn, KE Allan, DL Vance, CP TI Transgenic proteoid roots of white lupin: a vehicle for characterizing and silencing root genes involved in adaptation to P stress SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium rhizogenes; cluster roots; multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE); phosphorus deficiency; proteoid roots; white lupin ID MULTIDRUG EFFLUX PUMP; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; ALBUS L.; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENHANCED EXPRESSION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; BINDING-PROTEIN; ACID EXCRETION AB White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has become an illuminating model for the study of plant adaptation to phosphorus (P) deficiency. It adapts to -P stress with a highly coordinated modification of root development and biochemistry resulting in short, densely clustered secondary roots called proteoid (or cluster) roots. In order to characterize genes involved in proteoid root formation and function in a homologous system, we have developed an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-based transformation system for white lupin roots that allows rapid analysis of reporter genes as well as RNA interference (RNA(i))-based gene silencing. We used this system to characterize a lupin multidrug and toxin efflux (Lupinus albus MULTIDRUG AND TOXIN EFFLUX, LaMATE) gene previously shown to have enhanced expression under -P stress. Here, we show that LaMATE had high expression in proteoid roots not only under-P, but also under -Fe, -N, -Mn and +Al stress. A portion containing the putative LaMATE promoter was fused to GUS and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter genes, and a translational LaMATE:: EGFP fusion was constructed under control of the LaMATE promoter. The LaMATE promoter directed P-dependent GUS and EGFP expression to proteoid roots. Confocal microscopy in white lupin and Arabidopsis point to the plasma membrane as the likely location of the LaMATE protein. LaMATE displayed homology to FRD3 in Arabidopsis, but did not complement an Arabidopsis ferric reductase defective 3 (FRD3) mutant. RNA(i)-based gene silencing was shown to effectively reduce LaMATE expression in transformed white lupin roots. LaMATE RNAi-silenced plants displayed an about 20% reduction in dry weight. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Calif State Univ E Bay, Dept Sci Biol, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP Uhde-Stone, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM claudia.stone@csueastbay.edu NR 53 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 840 EP 853 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02573.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 985VU UT WOS:000233407600011 PM 16297074 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Thuillet, AC Yu, JM Pressoir, G Romero, SM Mitchell, SE Doebley, J Kresovich, S Goodman, MM Buckler, ES AF Flint-Garcia, SA Thuillet, AC Yu, JM Pressoir, G Romero, SM Mitchell, SE Doebley, J Kresovich, S Goodman, MM Buckler, ES TI Maize association population: a high-resolution platform for quantitative trait locus dissection SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE association mapping; quantitative trait loci; diverse maize germplasm; linkage-disequilibrium mapping ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE; DIVERSITY; STRATIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; SELECTION; MARKERS; DETECT; ALLELE AB Crop improvement and the dissection of complex genetic traits require germplasm diversity. Although this necessary phenotypic variability exists in diverse maize, most research is conducted using a small subset of inbred lines. An association population of 302 lines is now available - a valuable research tool that captures a large proportion of the alleles in cultivated maize. Provided that appropriate statistical models correcting for population structure are included, this tool can be used in association analyses to provide high-resolution evaluation of multiple alleles. This study describes the population structure of the 302 lines, and investigates the relationship between population structure and various measures of phenotypic and breeding value. On average, our estimates of population structure account for 9.3% of phenotypic variation, roughly equivalent to a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), with a high of 35%. Inclusion of population structure in association models is critical to meaningful analyses. This new association population has the potential to identify QTL with small effects, which will aid in dissecting complex traits and in planning future projects to exploit the rich diversity present in maize. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Genet, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu RI thuillet, anne-celine/J-9836-2016; OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-58816] NR 39 TC 294 Z9 365 U1 10 U2 82 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1064 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02591.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 990XO UT WOS:000233776900014 PM 16359397 ER PT J AU Drakakaki, G Marcel, S Glahn, RP Lund, EK Pariagh, S Fischer, R Christou, P Stoger, E AF Drakakaki, G Marcel, S Glahn, RP Lund, EK Pariagh, S Fischer, R Christou, P Stoger, E TI Endosperm-specific co-expression of recombinant soybean ferritin and Aspergillus phytase in maize results in significant increases in the levels of bioavailable iron SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; maize; nutritional improvement; phytase; transgenic cereals ID IMPROVE PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; PHYTIC ACID DEGRADATION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; CELL-CULTURE MODEL; TRANSGENIC RICE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; ABSORPTION; SEEDS; GENE; EXPRESSION AB We have generated transgenic maize plants expressing Aspergillus phytase either alone or in combination with the iron-binding protein ferritin. Our aim was to produce grains with increased amounts of bioavailable iron in the endosperm. Maize seeds expressing recombinant phytase showed enzymatic activities of up to 3 IU per gram of seed. In flour paste prepared from these seeds, up to 95% of the endogenous phytic acid was degraded, with a concomitant increase in the amount of available phosphate. In seeds expressing ferritin in addition to phytase, the total iron content was significantly increased. To evaluate the impact of the recombinant proteins on iron absorption in the human gut, we used an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. We found that phytase in the maize seeds was associated with increased cellular iron uptake, and that the rate of iron uptake correlated with the level of phytase expression regardless of the total iron content of the seeds. We also investigated iron bioavailability under more complex meal conditions by adding ascorbic acid, which promotes iron uptake, to all samples. This resulted in a further increase in iron absorption, but the effects of phytase and ascorbic acid were not additive. We conclude that the expression of recombinant ferritin and phytase could help to increase iron availability and enhance the absorption of iron, particularly in cereal-based diets that lack other nutritional components. C1 Biol VII Aachen Univ, Inst Mol Biotechnol, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol IME, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Stoger, E (reprint author), Biol VII Aachen Univ, Inst Mol Biotechnol, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM stoger@molbiotech.rwth-aachen.de RI Christou, Paul/C-8645-2011; Lund, Elizabeth/G-9447-2011 OI Christou, Paul/0000-0001-6358-7396; Lund, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3269-3222 NR 57 TC 103 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-1537-3 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 987LP UT WOS:000233519700003 PM 16307363 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Alkharouf, N MacDonald, M Matthews, B AF Klink, VP Alkharouf, N MacDonald, M Matthews, B TI Laser capture microdissection (LCM) and expression analyses of Glycine max (soybean) syncytium containing root regions formed by the plant pathogen Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquaporin; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines (SCN); laser capture microdissection (LCM); pathogen; plant; soybean; tubulin ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BETA-TUBULIN; CORTICAL MICROTUBULES; EPIDERMAL-CELLS; KNOT NEMATODES; TAXOL BINDING; FEEDING SITES; GIANT-CELLS; ARABIDOPSIS AB Roots of soybean, Glycine max cv. Kent L. Merr., plants susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, were inoculated and allowed to develop feeding sites (syncytia) for 8 days. Root samples enriched in syncytial cells were collected using laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted and used to make a cDNA library and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced and used for a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. RT-PCR results indicated enhanced expression of an aquaporin (GmPIP2,2), alpha-tubulin (GmTubA1), beta-tubulin (GmTubB4) and several other genes in syncytium-enriched samples as compared to samples extracted from whole roots. While RT-PCR data showed increased transcript levels of GmPIP2,2 from LCM tissue enriched in syncytial cells, in situ hybridization showed prominent GmPIP2,2 hybridization to RNA in the parenchymal cells tightly juxtaposed to the syncytium. Immunolocalization indicated stronger alpha-tubulin signal within the syncytium as compared to surrounding tissue. However, alpha-tubulin labeling appeared diffuse or clumped. Thus, LCM allowed for the isolation of tissue enriched for syncytial cells, providing material suitable for a variety of molecular analyses. C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm118, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heartwood27@hotmail.com NR 52 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 965 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s11103-005-2416-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 987LP UT WOS:000233519700009 PM 16307369 ER PT J AU Kachroo, P Venugopal, SC Navarre, DA Lapchyk, L Kachroo, A AF Kachroo, P Venugopal, SC Navarre, DA Lapchyk, L Kachroo, A TI Role of salicylic acid and fatty acid desaturation pathways in ssi2-mediated signaling SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT DEFICIENT; DEFENSE GENE-EXPRESSION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; JASMONIC-ACID; GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; GLYCEROLIPID METABOLISM; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D AB Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase-mediated conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid (18: 1) is the key step that regulates the levels of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in cells. Our previous work with the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ssi2/fab2 mutant and its suppressors demonstrated that a balance between glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and 18: 1 levels is critical for the regulation of salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense signaling in the plant. In this study, we have evaluated the role of various genes that have an impact on SA, resistance gene-mediated, or FA desaturation (FAD) pathways on ssi2-mediated signaling. We show that ssi2-triggered resistance is dependent on EDS1, PAD4, EDS5, SID2, and FAD7 FAD8 genes. However, ssi2-triggered defects in the jasmonic acid pathway, morphology, and cell death phenotypes are independent of the EDS1, EDS5, PAD4, NDR1, SID2, FAD3, FAD4, FAD5, DGD1, FAD7, and FAD7 FAD8 genes. Furthermore, the act1-mediated rescue of ssi2 phenotypes is also independent of the FAD2, FAD3, FAD4, FAD5, FAD7, and DGD1 genes. Since exogenous application of glycerol converts wild-type plants into ssi2 mimics, we also studied the effect of exogenous application of glycerol on mutants impaired in resistance-gene signaling, SA, or fad pathways. Glycerol increased SA levels and induced pathogenesis-related gene expression in all but sid2, nahG, fad7, and fad7 fad8 plants. Furthermore, glycerol-induced phenotypes in various mutant lines correlate with a concomitant reduction in 18: 1 levels. Inability to convert glycerol into G3P due to a mutation in the nho1-encoded glycerol kinase renders plants tolerant to glycerol and unable to induce the SA-dependent pathway. A reduction in the NHO1-derived G3P pool also results in a partial age-dependent rescue of the ssi2 morphological and cell death phenotypes in the ssi2 nho1 plants. The glycerol-mediated induction of defense was not associated with any major changes in the lipid profile and/or levels of phosphatidic acid. Taken together, our results suggest that glycerol application and the ssi2 mutation in various mutant backgrounds produce similar effects and that restoration of ssi2 phenotypes is not associated with the further desaturation of 18: 1 to linoleic or linolenic acids in plastidal or extraplastidal lipids. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kachroo, P (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu; apkach2@uky.edu NR 47 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1717 EP 1735 DI 10.1104/pp.105.071662 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 992SG UT WOS:000233903600014 PM 16306139 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Bjornstad, ON AF Tobin, PC Bjornstad, ON TI Roles of dispersal, stochasticity, and nonlinear dynamics in the spatial structuring of seasonal natural enemy-victim populations SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE predator-prey interactions; spatial aggregation; nonparametric spatial covariance function; coupled map lattice ID PATTERN-FORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATION; TRANSIENT DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; SYNCHRONY; PREY; PERSISTENCE; TIME; EXTINCTION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Natural enemy-victim systems may exhibit a range of dynamic space-time patterns. We used a theoretical framework to study spatiotemporal structuring in a transient natural enemy-victim system subject to differential rates of dispersal, stochastic forcing, and nonlinear dynamics. Highly mobile natural enemies that attacked less mobile victims were locally spatially segregated from each other when governed by approximate linear dynamics. In contrast, in nonlinear dynamical systems, such as cyclic populations, interacting species achieved local aggregation with each other regardless of dispersal rates, and aggregation was enhanced specifically when highly mobile enemies attacked less mobile victims. These patterns of spatial aggregation held under varying levels of stochastic forcing. This work thus shows a range of dynamic spatial patterns in interacting-species models, and how spatial aggregation between natural enemies and victims can be achieved in locally unstable populations that are linked through dispersal. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Bjornstad, Ottar/I-4518-2012 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10144-005-0229-9 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990ED UT WOS:000233725100007 ER PT J AU Hester, PY Alvarado, CZ Bilgili, SF Denton, JH Donoghue, AM Giesen, A Hargis, BM Kessler, JW Madison, FN Malone, GW Mavrolas, P Noll, SL Pescatore, AJ Ricks, CA Robinson, FE Shirley, RB Sifri, M Smith, MO Stonerock, RH Wilson, JL Wineland, MJ Beck, MM Saylor, WW AF Hester, PY Alvarado, CZ Bilgili, SF Denton, JH Donoghue, AM Giesen, A Hargis, BM Kessler, JW Madison, FN Malone, GW Mavrolas, P Noll, SL Pescatore, AJ Ricks, CA Robinson, FE Shirley, RB Sifri, M Smith, MO Stonerock, RH Wilson, JL Wineland, MJ Beck, MM Saylor, WW TI Planning our future: The poultry science association strategic plan SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Novus Int Inc, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. Poultry Sci Assoc, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. Inst Conservat Leadership, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Embrex Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Archer Daniels Midland Co, Anim Hlth Nutr, Quincy, IL 62301 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Akey Inc, Marysville, OH 43040 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Hester, PY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM phester@purdue.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1814 EP 1815 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 988ML UT WOS:000233605200001 PM 16479935 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Harrison, MA Cox, NA Ingram, KD Hinton, AJ AF Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Northcutt, JK Harrison, MA Cox, NA Ingram, KD Hinton, AJ TI Recovery of Salmonella from commercial shell eggs by shell rinse and shell crush methodologies SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; commercial shell egg; methods; rinse; crush ID CHICKEN EGGS; CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella is the most important human pathogen associated with shell eggs. Salmonella Enteritidis is the serotype most often implicated in outbreaks, although other serotypes have been recovered from eggs and from the commercial shell egg washing environment. Many sample methods are used to recover microorganisms from eggshells and membranes. A shell rinse and modified shell-and-membrane crush method for recovery of Salmonella were compared. Eggs were collected from 3 commercial shell-washing facilities (X, Y, and Z) during 3 visits. Twelve eggs were collected from each of 10 to 12 locations along the egg processing chain. After being transported back to the laboratory, each egg was sampled first by a shell rinse method and then by a shell crush method. For each technique (rinse or crush), 2 pools of 5 eggs per location sampled were selectively enriched for the recovery of Salmonella. Presumptive samples positive for Salmonella were confirmed serologically. Overall, there were 10.1% (40/396) Salmonella-positive pooled samples. Salmonella were recovered by the shell rinse and shell crush techniques (4.8 vs. 5.3%, respectively). Plant X yielded 21.5% Salmonella positives, whereas less than 5% of samples from plants Y and Z were found to be contaminated with the organism (4.2 and 4.5%, respectively). Salmonella was recovered more often from unwashed eggs (15.8%) than from washed eggs (8.3%). For some eggs, Salmonella was only recovered by one of the methods. Use of both approaches in the same experiment increased sampling sensitivity, although in most cases, crushing provided more sensitive Salmonella recovery. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mmusgrov@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1955 EP 1958 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 988ML UT WOS:000233605200021 PM 16479955 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Iten, LB Cotta, MA Wu, YV AF Saha, BC Iten, LB Cotta, MA Wu, YV TI Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wheat straw; fuel ethanol; dilute acid pretreatment; enzymatic sacciarification; separate hydrolysis and fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID ALKALINE PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; PICHIA-STIPITIS; WET OXIDATION; CORN FIBER; HEMICELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; XYLOSE; DETOXIFICATION; BACTERIA AB Wheat straw consists of 48.57 +/- 0.30% cellulose and 27.70 +/- 0.12% hemicellulose on dry solid (DS) basis and has the potential to serve as a low cost feedstock for production of ethanol. Dilute acid pretreatment at varied temperature and enzymatic saccharification were evaluated for conversion of wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. The maximum yield of monomeric sugars from wheat straw (7.83%, w/v, DS) by dilute H2SO4 (0.75%, v/v) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0 72 h) using cellulase, P-glucosidase, xylanase and esterase was 565 10 mg/g. Under this condition, no measurable quantities of furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced. The yield of ethanol (per litre) from acid pretreated enzyme saccharified wheat straw (78.3 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 was 19 I g with a yield of 0.24 g/g DS. Detoxification of the acid and enzyme treated wheat straw hydrolyzate by overliming reduced the fermentation time from 118 to 39 h in the case of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (35 degrees C, pH 6.5), and increased the ethanol yield from 13 +/- 2 to 17 +/- 0 g/l and decreased the fermentation time from 136 to 112 h in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (35 degrees C, pH 6.0). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 31 TC 392 Z9 427 U1 13 U2 141 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3693 EP 3700 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.04.006 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 981DS UT WOS:000233068200007 ER PT J AU Holmes-Davis, R Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ McCormick, S AF Holmes-Davis, R Tanaka, CK Vensel, WH Hurkman, WJ McCormick, S TI Proteome mapping of mature pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) male gametophyte; plant; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) ID ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR; MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; RECEPTOR KINASES LEPRK1; TUBE GROWTH; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; MESSENGER-RNA; ANTHER DEVELOPMENT; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RICE ANTHERS AB The male gametophyte of Arabidopsis is a three-celled pollen grain that is thought to contain almost all the mRNAs needed for germination and rapid pollen tube growth. We generated a reference map of the Arabidopsis mature pollen proteome by using multiple protein extraction techniques followed by 2-DE and ESI-MS/MS. We identified 135 distinct proteins from a total of 179 protein spots. We found that half of the identified proteins are involved in metabolism (20%), energy generation (17%), or cell structure (12%); these percentages are similar to those determined for the pollen transcriptome and this similarity is consistent with the idea that in addition to the mRNAs, the mature pollen grain contains proteins necessary for germination and rapid pollen tube growth. We identified ten proteins of unknown function, three of which are flower- or pollen-specific, and we identified nine proteins whose RNAs were absent from the transcriptome, seven of which are involved in metabolism, energy generation, or cell wall structure. Our work complements and extends recent analyses of the pollen transcriptome. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 64 TC 162 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 18 BP 4864 EP 4884 DI 10.1002/pmic.200402011 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 999TM UT WOS:000234413400022 PM 16247729 ER PT J AU Tanaka, DL Karn, JF Liebig, MA Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD AF Tanaka, DL Karn, JF Liebig, MA Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD TI An integrated approach to crop/livestock systems: Forage and grain production for swath grazing SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE no-till; corn; triticale; oat/pea ID FARMING SYSTEMS; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; CROP; DIVERSITY AB Current agricultural systems are the result of decoupling crop/livestock enterprises for short-term economic gain at the expense of long-term sustainability. Objectives of our research were to determine the influences of winter grazing dry gestating beef cows on no-till forage and grain production, water-use efficiency, and protein and phosphorus (P) production for an oat/pea-triticale/sweet clover-corn 3-year cropping system. Oat/pea and triticale crops were harvested for grain, with the straw and chaff left in swaths after harvest for winter grazing. Drilled corn for forage was swathed in late September. Cropping system treatments were: (1) straw and corn chopped and left in place (IP); (2) straw and corn baled and removed without livestock (R); and (3) straw and corn swath grazed by livestock (L). The first winter for grazing dry, bred cows was in 1999-2000; therefore, no treatment differences occurred for the 1999 crop. In 2000, oat/pea and triticale grain and straw production for the IP treatment was about half of the production for the R treatment, because of low oat/pea and triticale plant stands on the IP treatment. Averaged over all years, corn was about 1.5 times more efficient in using water for dry matter production when compared to oat/pea or triticale. Generally, protein and P production, on a unit area basis, were highest for corn and lowest for triticale. Averaged over 4 years, about half of the nitrogen used for protein production was derived from sources other than applied commercial fertilizer. Data suggest that more than 4 years of research are needed to understand cropping system and animal interactions on forage and grain production in integrated crop/livestock systems, with trends in year four suggesting that livestock may enhance forage and grain production. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM tanakad@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1079/RAF2005107 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 998WA UT WOS:000234349400004 ER PT J AU Karn, JF Tanaka, DL Liebig, MA Ries, RE Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD AF Karn, JF Tanaka, DL Liebig, MA Ries, RE Kronberg, SL Hanson, JD TI An integrated approach to crop/livestock systems: Wintering beef cows on swathed crops SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE drilled corn; triticale straw; oat/pea straw; dry pregnant cows ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; FARMING SYSTEMS; FORAGE SYSTEMS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; CONCEPTION; SLAUGHTER; LIVESTOCK; EFFICIENCY; PRE AB Grain and livestock production have gradually been separated, as farmers have tended to specialize in one or the other. Some producers and scientists are beginning to question whether this is the best approach. An integrated crop/livestock project was initiated in 1999 to investigate potentially beneficial synergies to both enterprises. The cattle portion of this project involved wintering dry pregnant cows on swathed crop residue and drilled corn produced in a 3-year crop rotation, with all crops present each year. Swath grazing was initiated in mid-November of 1999, 2000 and 2001, and terminated in mid-February each year. Two replications of ten Hereford cows were rotationally grazed on swathed oat/pea and triticale crop residue and swathed drilled corn (RGSC). Comparison treatments were: cows grazing swathed western wheatgrass (SWWG) and cows fed hay in a drylot. Cows on the RGSC treatment were also fed a 20% crude protein supplement of oat/pea and triticale grain. Drilled corn was swathed in late September and western wheatgrass in early October. Three-year average winter-long weight gains for the RGSC cows were slightly lower (P < 0.10) than those for drylot cows. Body condition scores generally followed the same pattern as weight gain data. Reproductive and calf performance data were not significantly different among wintering treatments. Average daily feed costs per cow over the three winters were US$0.49, 0.65 and 0.73 for RGSC, SWWG and baled hay in a drylot, respectively, providing a potential daily savings of US$0.24 per cow with the RGSC treatment compared to bale feeding in a drylot. Swath grazing did not appear to have any adverse affects on mid-aged beef cow performance and could potentially reduce winter feeding costs and manure handling problems. The main problem with swath grazing is potentially deep snow and icing of the swaths. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM tanakad@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1079/RAF2005108 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 998WA UT WOS:000234349400005 ER PT J AU Dattilo, AJ Rhoades, CC AF Dattilo, AJ Rhoades, CC TI Establishment of the woody grass Arundinaria gigantea for riparian restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bamboo; buffer zone; canebrake; filter strip; floodplain forest; giant cane; organic and inorganic fertilizer; wood chip mulch ID SELECTION; WARBLERS; BUFFER AB Canebrakes are dense stands of Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. that covered large areas of the southeastern North America. With agricultural development, canebrakes were quickly converted to crop and pastureland and now occur only in small, isolated patches. There is growing interest in the use of A. gigantea and other temperate bamboo species in riparian and floodplain revegetation in North America, but lack of detailed information on propagation and management of woody perennial grasses hinders reestablishment activities. Our study assesses the influence of nutrient and woodchip mulch amendments on survival and growth of A. gigantea transplanted as part of a riparian restoration project in central Kentucky. After two growing seasons, culm number (aboveground stems) increased 4-fold and extent of transplanted clumps expanded 26-fold. The survival rate of transplanted cane clumps was 98%. Hardwood chip mulch significantly increased the emergence of new culms, culm height growth, and clump area. Composted manure, applied at a rate that contributed a similar mass of organic matter as the hardwood mulch, also significantly increased new culm number and clump area. Our findings demonstrate that addition of manure or hardwood mulch can significantly enhance aboveground production of A. gigantea transplants. However, survival and initial growth of untreated clumps were also adequate in this study. It appears that careful site selection, transplantation, and site maintenance may be sufficient to ensure A. gigantea establishment on many sites. Practitioners should assess soil drainage, water stress, and fertility along with herbaceous competition and incidence of overbank flooding before determining the necessity of organic amendments to supplement establishment of A. gigantea or other woody grasses for riparian restoration. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Mammoth Cave Natl Pk, Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 USA. RP Rhoades, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00079.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986GB UT WOS:000233437000006 ER PT J AU Sevilla, I Singh, SV Garrido, JM Aduriz, G Rodriguez, S Geijo, MV Whittington, RJ Saunders, V Whitlock, RH Juste, RA AF Sevilla, I Singh, SV Garrido, JM Aduriz, G Rodriguez, S Geijo, MV Whittington, RJ Saunders, V Whitlock, RH Juste, RA TI Molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains from different hosts and regions SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE bison; cattle; goat; India; IS1311; IS900; Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; polymerase chain reaction; restriction endonuclease analysis; sheep; Spain; United States of America ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; IS1311; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB The IS1311 polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis was used to detect genetic differences among 38 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) isolates from cattle, sheep, goats and bison from distinct regions of Spain, India and the United States of America (USA). In Spain, all eight bovine isolates, three out of six caprine isolates and one of ten ovine isolates were of the C type, while the other nine ovine isolates and three caprine isolates were of the S type. In India, all five ovine isolates and six caprine isolates were of the B type, and so were all three isolates from bison (Bison bison) from the USA. These results show that there are genetic differences between Map isolates related to geographic and host factors that have a potential use in the epidemiological tracing of new paratuberculosis isolates. C1 Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agrario NEIKER, Bizkaia, Spain. Cent Inst Res Goats, Goat Hlth Div, Mathura 281122, UP, India. Univ Cordoba, Fac Vet, Ctra Madrid Cadiz, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NSW Agr, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Sevilla, I (reprint author), Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agrario NEIKER, Berreaga 1, Bizkaia, Spain. RI khan, raja/B-5726-2012; pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012; Geijo, Maria/K-6717-2014; GARRIDO, JOSEBA/L-3202-2014; Sevilla, Iker/O-6060-2014; Juste, Ramon/C-3570-2008 OI Geijo, Maria/0000-0002-3120-1038; Sevilla, Iker/0000-0003-3968-3390; Juste, Ramon/0000-0001-6037-5873 NR 15 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1066 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 028WQ UT WOS:000236519900023 PM 16642774 ER PT J AU Leon, FC Diez, FG Ferri, FR Vizcaino, LL Gijon, FC Gimeno, EJ Sein, CZ Rodriguez, JMSV Madrigal, JJC Gomez, PC Schudel, A AF Leon, FC Diez, FG Ferri, FR Vizcaino, LL Gijon, FC Gimeno, EJ Sein, CZ Rodriguez, JMSV Madrigal, JJC Gomez, PC Schudel, A TI The translation into Spanish of the OIE Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees): problems, solutions and conclusions SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health; project coordination; terminology; translation; World Organisation for Animal Health AB In order to carry out the translation into Spanish of the Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals (mammals, birds and bees) ensuring full scientific and linguistic accuracy, its authors relied on coordination between three types of experts: linguistic, translational and veterinary. In this paper the planning, execution and quality control of such work, which was undertaken with the support and guarantee of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), is reported. In the conclusions the authors describe what they view as necessary guidelines for the OIE to apply in the future regarding its linguistic policy. The working methodology reported in connection with the translation of the Terrestrial Manual into Spanish will be useful for the translation of the Terrestrial Manual or other texts into languages other than Spanish, whether or not they are among the official languages of the OIE. C1 Inst Murciano Invest & Desarrollo Agrario & Alime, Dept Ganaderia & Acuicultura, Murcia 30150, Spain. Univ Murcia, Fac Letters, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. Fac Vet Med, Leon 24071, Spain. Univ Murcia, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. CO OIE Representat Amer, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, OIE Collaborating Ctr Anim Dis Surveillance Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet Med, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Murcia, Dept Anim Med & Surg, Fac Vet Med, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. Univ Murcia, Fac Letters, Dept English Philol, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. World Org Anim Hlth, F-75017 Paris, France. RP Leon, FC (reprint author), Inst Murciano Invest & Desarrollo Agrario & Alime, Dept Ganaderia & Acuicultura, C-Mayor S-N, Murcia 30150, Spain. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1095 EP 1104 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 028WQ UT WOS:000236519900027 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Mullen, RT AF Dyer, JM Mullen, RT TI Development and potential of genetically engineered oilseeds SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE fatty acid; genetic engineering; oil biosynthesis; oilseed; wax ID CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE; MAMMALIAN DELTA-9 DESATURASE; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; PETROSELINIC-ACID; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; COENZYME-A; SEED OIL; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; UMBELLULARIA-CALIFORNICA; OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE AB Oilseed crops are major sources of oils for human nutrition, and an increasing proportion is also being utilized for industrial purposes. Recent advances in our understanding of the basic biochemistry of seed oil biosynthesis, coupled with identification of genes for oilseed modification, have set the stage for the genetic engineering of oilseed crops that produce 'designer' plant seed oils tailored for specific applications. In this review we provide an overview of seed oil biosynthesis and highlight the enzymatic steps that have already been targeted for genetic manipulation, with the end goal of producing seed oils containing desired amounts of fatty acid components. Furthermore, we describe the identification of genes from various wild plant species that are capable of producing structurally diverse fatty acids, and how these advances open the door to the production of entirely novel oils in conventional oilseed crops. Transgenic oilseeds producing high amounts of these novel fatty acids represent renewable sources of raw materials that may compete with, and eventually replace, some petrochemicals that are derived from non-renewable crude oil. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jdyer@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 11 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1079/SSR2005216 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 996AQ UT WOS:000234147200001 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Calderon, FJ Scow, KM Rolston, DE AF Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Calderon, FJ Scow, KM Rolston, DE TI Response of microbial community composition and activity in agricultural and grassland soils after a simulated rainfall SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE annual grassland; agriculture; CO2 efflux; disturbance; Nassella pulchra; trace N gas; soil respiration; diversity; resilience ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; ORGANIC-MATTER; EXTRACTION METHOD; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; SUBSURFACE BACTERIA; BIOMASS RESPONSES; NITRIC-OXIDE; DRY SOIL; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Rainfall in Mediterranean climates may affect soil microbial processes and communities differently in agricultural vs. grassland soils. We explored the hypothesis that land use intensification decreases the resistance of microbial community composition and activity to perturbation. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial responses to a simulated Spring rainfall were measured in grassland and agricultural ecosystems. The California ecosystems consisted of two paired sets: annual vegetable crops and annual grassland in Salinas Valley, and perennial grass agriculture and native perennial grassland in Carmel Valley. Soil types of the respective ecosystem pairs were derived from granitic parent material and had sandy loam textures. Intact cores (30 cm deep) were collected in March 1999. After equilibration, dry soil cores (approx. -1 to -2 MPa) were exposed to a simulated Spring rainfall of 2.4 cm, and then were measured at 0, 6, 24, and 120 h after rewetting. Microbial biomass C (MBC) and inorganic N did not respond to rewetting. N2O and CO2 efflux and respiration increased after rewetting in all soils, with larger responses in the grassland than in the agricultural soils. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles indicated that changes in microbial community composition after rewetting were most pronounced in intensive vegetable production, followed by the relict perennial grassland. Changes in specific PLFA markers were not consistent across all sites. There were more similarities among microbial groups associated with PLFA markers in agricultural ecosystems than grassland ecosystems. Differences in responses of microbial communities may be related to the different plant species composition of the grasslands. Agricultural intensification appeared to decrease microbial diversity, as estimated from numbers of individual PLFA identified for each ecosystem, and reduce resistance to change in microbial community composition after rewetting. In the agricultural systems, reductions in both the measures of microbial diversity and the resistance of the microbial community composition to change after a perturbation were associated with lower ecosystem function, i.e. lower microbial responses to increased moisture availability. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, NPA, Cent Great Plans Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 58 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2249 EP 2262 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.038 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 998OF UT WOS:000234327700009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Rickman, D Mask, PL Luvall, JC AF Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Rickman, D Mask, PL Luvall, JC TI Using remote sensing data to evaluate surface soil properties in Alabama ultisols SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALOGY; IRON AB Evaluation of surface soil properties via remote sensing could facilitate soil survey mapping, erosion prediction, and allocation of agrochemicals for precision management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between soil spectral signature and surface soil properties in conventionally managed row crop systems. High-resolution remote sensing data were acquired over bare fields in the Coastal Plain, Appalachian Plateau, and Ridge and Valley provinces of Alabama using the Airborne Terrestrial Applications Sensor multispectral. scanner. Soils ranged from sandy Kandiudults to fine textured Rhodudults. Surface soil samples (0 to 1 cm) were collected from 161 sampling points for gravimetric soil water content, soil organic carbon, particle size distribution, and citrate dithionite extractable iron content. Surface roughness and crusting were also measured during sampling. Two methods of analysis were evaluated: (1) multiple linear regression using common spectral band ratios and (2) partial least-squares regression. Our data show that thermal infrared spectra are highly, linearly related to soil organic carbon, sand and clay content. Soil organic carbon content was the most difficult to quantify in these highly weathered systems, where soil organic carbon was generally < 1.2%. Estimates of sand and clay content were best using partial least-squares regression at the Valley site, explaining 42 to 59% of the variability. In the Coastal Plain, sandy surfaces prone to crusting limited estimates of sand and clay content via partial least-squares and regression with common band ratios. Estimates of iron oxide content were a function of mineralogy and best accomplished using specific band ratios, with regression explaining 36 to 65% of the variability at the Valley and Coastal Plain sites, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NASA Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Extens Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dgs@tifton.usda.gov; jnshaw@acesag.auburn.edu OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 954 EP 968 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187350.39611.d7 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 998ZZ UT WOS:000234359700002 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Fares, A Seybold, CA Harder, JL Peaslee, SD VanNeste, P AF Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Fares, A Seybold, CA Harder, JL Peaslee, SD VanNeste, P TI Loss of nitrate-nitrogen by runoff and leaching for agricultural watersheds SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE runoff nitrate-N; leaching water; leaching nitrate-N; runoff water; agricultural watershed ID GROUNDWATER; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; NEBRASKA; IMPACTS; SOILS; LAND AB The loss of nutrients in runoff and leaching water from agricultural land is a major cause of poor water quality in the United States. Scientists (NRCS) developed a technique to estimate the impact of agricultural watersheds on natural water resources. The objectives were to apply the technique on Wagon Train (WT) watershed in Nebraska to predict: (i) loss of water by surface runoff and subsurface leaching, (ii) loss of nitrate-N from soils by runoff and leaching, and (iii) nitrate-N loading for WT reservoir. The annual loss of water was estimated at 4.32 million m(3) for runoff and 0.98 million m(3) for leaching. The observed annual inflow for WT reservoir was 4.25 million m(3). The predicted annual nitrate-N loss by runoff was about 7.0 Mg and could be considered the annual loading for the reservoir. The predicted nitrate-N loss by leaching was 7.73 Mg, however, the fate was not clear. The estimated average nitrate-N concentration in runoff and leaching water at field sites was 1.63 and 7.88 mg/L, respectively. The observed nitrate-N concentration in water samples taken from 12 major streams ranged between 0.37 and 1.56 mg/L with an average of 0.90 mg/L. Nitrogen uptake by algae, weeds, and aquatic plants and emission of gaseous nitrogen oxides from fresh water under reducing conditions might explain the lower nitrate-N concentration. No attempt was made to monitor the nitrate-N concentration in soil leachate or groundwater. When factors affecting N concentration in streams are considered, the technique could provide a reasonable estimation of N concentration in stream water. We concluded that the technique could be applied to estimate the loss of nitrate-N by runoff and leaching from soils and the impact on surface waters. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 969 EP 984 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187353.24364.a8 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 998ZZ UT WOS:000234359700003 ER PT J AU Nichols, KA Wright, SF AF Nichols, KA Wright, SF TI Comparison of glomalin and humic acid in eight native US soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic matter; humic substances; soil carbon; glomalin ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBSTANCES; AGGREGATION; PROTEIN; NMR; EXTRACTION; HYPHAE; MODEL AB Two important extractable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) are humic acid (HA) and glomalin-related soil protein (glomalin). Optimizing the purity of each fraction is necessary to correlate fraction quantity and molecular characteristics with soil quality. Manipulation of extraction sequence and controlled precipitation of HA were used to evaluate co-extraction of HA and glomalin. Eight bulk soil samples (0 to 10 cm depth) were collected from four U.S. states (Colorado, Nebraska, Maryland, and Georgia). In Experiment 1, glomalin extraction (50 MM citrate, pH 8.0, at 121 degrees C) was followed by HA extraction (0.1 N NaOH at room temperature), and Experiment 2 used the reciprocal sequence. Experiment 2 HA was precipitated stepwise at pH levels 2.5, 2.0, and 1.0. Gravimetric weight, Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP), and immunoreactive soil protein (IRSP), along with percentages of C, N, H, and Fe, were used to compare glomalin and HA. The HA fraction from Experiment 2 contained 2-fold greater amounts of BRSP than HA from Experiment I and showed that pre-extraction of glomalin improved the purity of HA. The glomalin fraction from Experiment 1 contained 1.5 times the BRSP of glornalin from Experiment 2 and was twice the gravimetric weight. BRSP and gravimetric weight were concentrated in HA that precipitated at pH 2.5 or 2.0 and percentage IRSP was significantly higher in the pH 2.5 precipitate. The results indicate that glomalin should be extracted first and examined as a biomolecule separate from the humic acid mixture. Percentages C, H, N, and Fe in glomalin varied across soils and experiments. In seven soils, the changes in Fe percentage in glomalin from Experiment 1 to 2 were significantly correlated with the changes in glornalin weight and %C. Iron in glornalin from Experiment 1 was related to soil pH and clay content, whereas soil organic C was positively and significantly correlated with Experiment 1 glornalin BRSP and IRSP. In Experiment 1, a recalcitrant pool of glornalin was released by treating soil with NaOH, suggesting that a fraction of glomalin is difficult to remove from soil and glornalin extraction efficiency could be improved. Refinements to extraction and purification protocols such as pretreatment of soils with HCI and sequential extraction can facilitate studies on organic matter structure and function. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nichols, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, 1701 10th Ave SW POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM nicholsk@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 30 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 985 EP 997 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000198618.06975.3c PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 998ZZ UT WOS:000234359700004 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Caesar-TonThat, TC Wright, SF Williams, JD AF Wuest, SB Caesar-TonThat, TC Wright, SF Williams, JD TI Organic matter addition, N, and residue burning effects on infiltration, biological, and physical properties of an intensively tilled silt-loam soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE infiltration; aggregate stability; glomalin; basidiomycetes; earthworms; soil organic matter ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; AGGREGATE STABILITY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CROP-ROTATION; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT; GLOMALIN; TILLAGE; EROSION; PROTEIN AB Seventy years of different management treatments have produced significant differences in runoff, erosion, and ponded infiltration rate in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow experiment in OR, USA. We tested the hypothesis that differences in infiltration are due to changes in soil structure related to treatment-induced biological changes. All plots received the same tillage (plow and summer rod-weeding). Manure (containing 111 kg N ha(-1)), pea (Pisum sativum L.), vine (containing 34 kg N ha-1), or N additions of 0, 45 and 90 kg ha-1 were treatment variables with burning of residue as an additional factor within N-treatments. We measured soil organic C and N, water stability of whole soil, water stable aggregates, percolation through soil columns, glomalin, soil-aggregating basidiomycetes, earthworm populations, and dry sieve aggregate fractions. Infiltration was correlated (r = 0.67-0.95) to C, N, stability of whole soil, percolation, and glomalin. Basidiomycete extracellular carbohydrate assay values and earthworm populations did not follow soil C concentration, but appeared to be more sensitive to residue burning and to the addition of pea vine residue and manure. Dry sieve fractions were not well correlated to the other variables. Burning reduced (p < 0.05) water stability of whole soil, total glomalin, basidiomycetes, and earthworm counts. It also reduced dry aggregates of 0.5-2.0 mm size, but neither burning nor N fertilizer affected total C or total N or ponded infiltration rate. Water stability of whole soil and of 1-2-mm aggregates was greater at 45 kg N ha(-1) than in the 0 and 90 kg N ha(-1) treatments. Zero N fertilizer produced significantly greater 0.5-2.0 mm dry aggregate fractions. We conclude that differences in infiltration measured in the field are related to relatively small differences in aggregate stability, but not closely related to N or residue burning treatments. The lack of an effect of N fertilizer or residue burning on total C and N, along with the excellent correlation between glomalin and total C (r = 0.99) and total N (r = 0.98), indicates that the major pool of soil carbon may be dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM stewart.wuest@oregonstate.edu NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 84 IS 2 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.still.2004.11.009 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 974CE UT WOS:000232568100005 ER PT J AU Rezaei, SA Gilkes, RJ Andrews, SS Arzani, H AF Rezaei, SA Gilkes, RJ Andrews, SS Arzani, H TI Soil quality assessment in semiarid rangeland in Iran SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil quality; data set; soil properties; extensive grazing; principal components analysis; grazing potential; semiarid range-land ID INDICATORS; CALIFORNIA AB We examined the use of soil quality (SQ) assessment to predict soil productivity and stability as a component of site potential for rangelands. Two minimum sets of data were compared for the SQ assessment within an area of relatively uniform climate. Data set 1 consisted of total soil N, topsoil depth, effective profile depth (EPD), and grade of structure, thus incorporating only soil chemical and physical properties. Data set 2 included exchangeable soil potassium, EPD, soil water retention capacity at wilting point, a soil slake test, and a nutrient cycling index. The interrelationships between soil properties and plant growth characteristics (i.e. total and herbage yield) were investigated and interpreted by statistical analysis and expert knowledge. By performing multiple regressions for each data set against the plant growth characteristics, we identified the contribution of each data set variable to the variability in plant characteristics and, thus, the predictive potential of each variable and data set. Within data set 1, EPD was important and in data set 2 the nutrient cycling index, which is a landscape function index derived from soil surface attributes, played the most important role in predicting potential. Principal component analysis was used to provide weighting factors for each indicator. We then transformed and combined observed indicator values for each data set using weighting factors and scoring functions into an additive soil quality index (SQI) varying in value from 0 to 1. The SQIs, with values greater than 0.8, provide optimum conditions for high yield. C1 Forest Range & Watershed Management Org, Tehran, Iran. Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tehran, Nat Resource Fac, Tehran, Iran. RP Rezaei, SA (reprint author), Forest Range & Watershed Management Org, Lashgarak Rd, Tehran, Iran. EM srezaei@frw.org.ir NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1079/SUM2005353 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 012LW UT WOS:000235341700007 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Miller, JA George, JE Snydee, DE AF Davey, RB Miller, JA George, JE Snydee, DE TI Effect of repeated spinosad treatments on cattle against Boophilus annulatus under South Texas field conditions SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MICROPLUS ACARI; POUR-ON; IXODIDAE; EFFICACY; MOXIDECTIN AB Repeated treatments of spinosad applied as a whole-body spray to calves infested with Boophilus annulatus (Say) were evaluated in two separate but continuous trials to determine whether a field population of ticks could be eradicated. Calves were treated at 3-wk intervals at 0.05% active ingredient (AI) for 21 wk (seven treatments), followed by 0.08% AI during the subsequent 18-wk (six treatments). While neither concentration resulted in eradication, fewer ticks were observed when the concentration was 0.08% AI. At 1 wk following each spinosad treatment, there were significantly fewer ticks on the treated (TG) calves on 10 of the 13 counting periods (76.9%). However, at 2 wk following each of the 13 treatments, tick counts on TG calves increased substantially compared to counts obtained at either 1 or 3 wk after each treatment, particularly when the spinosad concentration was 0.05% AI. At 3 wk following each of the 13 spinosad treatments, significant reductions in tick numbers on TG calves were observed on 61.2% of the 13 counting periods. Tick numbers obtained from six different sentinel groups of calves placed in pastures with the TG and untreated (UG) calves at various intervals indicated that spinosad treatments had an adverse impact on the field tick population. After the initial sentinel group was placed with the TG cattle, dramatic declines were observed in tick numbers on four of the five subsequent groups of sentinel cattle. Conversely, after the initial sentinel group was placed with the UG calves, steady increases in tick numbers were observed on four of the five subsequent groups of sentinel cattle. C1 USDA, ARS, SPA, Cattle Tick Fever Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. USDA, ARS, SPA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Elanco Anim Hlth, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SPA, Cattle Tick Fever Res Lab, 22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 245 EP 255 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 997GD UT WOS:000234232400005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB McBrayer, LD Saenz, D AF Johnson, JB McBrayer, LD Saenz, D TI Allometry, sexual size dimorphism, and niche partitioning in the mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HEAD SIZE; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; BITE FORCE; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; LIZARDS; FEMALES; MALES; EVOLUTION; PREY AB Hemidactylus turcicus is a small gekkonid lizard native to the Middle East and Asia that is known to exhibit sexual dimorphism in head size. Several potential explanations exist for the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in lizards. We tested 2 of these competing hypotheses concerning diet partitioning and differential growth. We found no differences in average meal size (volume) or in any single dimension of prey size for similarly sized males and females. Allometric patterns of increases in head size also were measured in males and females. We found that males exhibited a mixture of isometric and positively allometric patterns of head size increase, whereas females exhibited isometric and negatively allometric patterns. Thus, we concluded that sexual dimorphism in head size is not the result of diet partitioning but instead of differential growth patterns following sexual maturity in males and females. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75961 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP McBrayer, LD (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, POB 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM lancemcbrayer@georgiasouthern.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0435:ASSDAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000XQ UT WOS:000234496100003 ER PT J AU Silverstein, RP AF Silverstein, RP TI Germination of native and exotic plant seeds dispersed by coyotes (Canis latrans) in southern California SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOOD-HABITS; MAMMALS; RATES; TEXAS AB Seeds collected from Coyote scats in southern California were tested for germination. Eighteen of 38 plant species germinated. Native species that germinated included Arctostaphylos glauca, Arctostaphylos sp., Heteromeles arbutifolia, Opuntia littoralis, Prosopis glandulosa, Prunus ilicifolia, and Washingtonia filifera. Exotic species that germinated included Annona cherimola, Cucumis sp., Ficus sp., Lycopersicon esculentum, Panicum miliaceum, Phoenix sp., Prunus sp., and Pyracantha sp. Additional Species thought. to be exotic that germinated were Fragaria sp., Vitis sp., and an unidentified species. Compared to seeds directly off the plant, O. littoralis germinated significantly more frequently following passage through coyotes, whereas H. arbutifolia germinated significantly less often. Although coyotes are dispersing exotic plant Seeds in viable condition, none of title seeds identified in this study were considered invasive. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Silverstein, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM rsilverstein@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0472:GONAEP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000XQ UT WOS:000234496100009 ER PT J AU Chen, SC Roads, JO AF Chen, SC Roads, JO TI Impact of soil moisture on regional spectral model simulations for South America SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE numerical modeling; regional climate; soil moisture ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; NORTHWESTERN MEXICO; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SURFACE-WATER; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA AB A two-year (March 1997 - March 1999) regional simulation using the regional spectral model (RSM) with a 50-km grid covering South America, bounded and initialized by the NCEP/NCAR 28 vertical levels T62 spectral resolution reanalyses is described. Initial experiments showed that the RSM had a severe dry bias in the soil moisture that adversely impacted the precipitation. The dry bias was presumably a response to the positive feedback between imperfect model parameterization schemes and the soil moisture module in the model. This dry bias was corrected in two additional experiments by modifying the deep soil moisture in the model during the integration. The first experiment prescribed the daily soil moisture in the deep second layer from the driving reanalysis; the second experiment utilized observed precipitation, to interactively correct the deep soil moisture during the integration. Both experiments had less bias than the reanalysis precipitation. However, regional precipitation temporal variations were only as good as, if not marginally better than, the reanalysis precipitation when validated against observed 0.5-degree gridded data. The experiment with interactively corrected soil moisture provided the best simulation and had better anomaly threat scores at all precipitation intensities than the one with the specified soil moisture values from the reanalysis. Until current coupled land-atmosphere regional model soil moisture simulation biases can be substantially reduced, they can at least be corrected by using observed precipitation. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Chen, SC (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM schen@fs.fed.us RI Garcia Bustamante, Elena/H-4188-2012 OI Garcia Bustamante, Elena/0000-0002-2677-0252 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 16 IS 5 BP 935 EP 957 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 019ZU UT WOS:000235878300001 ER PT J AU Ma, HX Bai, GH Carver, BF Zhou, LL AF Ma, HX Bai, GH Carver, BF Zhou, LL TI Molecular mapping of a quantitative trait locus for aluminum tolerance in wheat cultivar Atlas 66 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; aluminum tolerance; SSR marker; QTL mapping ID CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; BREAD WHEAT; MARKERS; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; LINES; IDENTIFICATION; LOCATION; GENETICS AB Genetic improvement of aluminum (Al) tolerance is one of the cost-effective solutions to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity in acidic soils. The objectives of the present study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Al-tolerance and associated PCR-based markers for marker-assisted breeding utilizing cultivar Atlas 66. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross Atlas 66/Century was screened for Al-tolerance by measuring root-growth rate during Al treatment in hydroponics and root response to hematoxylin stain of Al treatment. After 797 pairs of SSR primers were screened for polymorphisms between the parents, 131 pairs were selected for bulk segregant analysis (BSA). A QTL analysis based on SSR markers revealed one QTL on the distal region of chromosome arm 4DL where a malate transporter gene was mapped. This major QTL accounted for nearly 50% of the phenotypic variation for Al-tolerance. The SSR markers Xgdm125 and Xwmc331 were the flanking markers for the QTL and have the potential to be used for high-throughput, marker-assisted selection in wheat-breeding programs. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 39 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0101-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 990EM UT WOS:000233726000006 PM 16189660 ER PT J AU Uauy, C Brevis, JC Chen, XM Khan, I Jackson, L Chicaiza, O Distelfeld, A Fahima, T Dubcovsky, J AF Uauy, C Brevis, JC Chen, XM Khan, I Jackson, L Chicaiza, O Distelfeld, A Fahima, T Dubcovsky, J TI High-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 from Triticum turgidum ssp dicoccoides is closely linked to the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; WHEAT CULTIVARS; BREAD WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; POLYMORPHISM; INHERITANCE; MARKERS; RACES AB Several new races of the stripe rust pathogen have become frequent throughout the wheat growing regions of the United States since 2000. These new races are virulent to most of the wheat seedling resistance genes limiting the resistance sources that can be used to combat this pathogen. High-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) stripe rust resistance has proven to be more durable than seedling resistance due to its non-race-specific nature, but its use is limited by the lack of mapping information. We report here the identification of a new HTAP resistance gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (DIC) designated as Yr36. Lines carrying this gene were susceptible to almost all the stripe rust pathogen races tested at the seedling stage but showed adult-plant resistance to the prevalent races in California when tested at high diurnal temperatures. Isogenic lines for this gene were developed by six backcross generations. Field tests in two locations showed increased levels of field resistance to stripe rust and increased yields in isogenic lines carrying the Yr36 gene compared to those without the gene. Recombinant substitution lines of chromosome 6B from DIC in the isogenic background of durum cv. Langdon were used to map the Yr36 gene on the short arm of chromosome 6B completely linked to Xbarc101, and within a 2-cM interval defined by PCR-based markers Xucw71 and Xbarc136. Flanking locus Xucw71 is also closely linked to the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1 (0.3-cM). Marker-assisted selection strategies are presented to improve stripe rust resistance and simultaneously select for high or low Gpc-B1 alleles. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; Uauy, Cristobal/B-3879-2011; Uauy, Cristobal/B-7912-2014; Distelfeld, Assaf/D-4951-2014 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Uauy, Cristobal/0000-0002-9814-1770; Distelfeld, Assaf/0000-0003-1777-3053 NR 33 TC 100 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0109-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 990EM UT WOS:000233726000011 PM 16208504 ER PT J AU Portyanko, VA Chen, G Rines, HW Phillips, RL Leonard, KJ Ochocki, GE Stuthman, DD AF Portyanko, VA Chen, G Rines, HW Phillips, RL Leonard, KJ Ochocki, GE Stuthman, DD TI Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to crown rust, Puccinia coronata, in cultivated oat, Avena sativa L. (vol 111, pg 313, 2005) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, BioSci Ctr 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Microbial & Plant Genom, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rines, HW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rines001@umn.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1 BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0072-6 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 990EM UT WOS:000233726000021 ER PT J AU Minter, LJ DeLiberto, TJ AF Minter, LJ DeLiberto, TJ TI Influence of extender, freezing rate, and thawing rate on post-thaw motility, viability and morphology of coyote (Canis latrans) spermatozoa SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coyote; semen cryopreservation; extender; freezing rates; thawing rates ID DOG SPERMATOZOA; ACROSOME MORPHOLOGY; IN-VITRO; SEMEN; CRYOPRESERVATION; FROZEN; FERTILITY; DILUTION; REPRODUCTION; INTEGRITY AB The objective of this study was to examine the post-thaw effects of three cryoprotective extenders (Tris-fructose-citric acid extender, Tris-glucose-citric acid extender, and lactose extender), three linear freezing rates (-1, -6, and -20 degrees C/min), and three thawing rates (37 degrees C water bath for 120 s, 60 degrees C water bath for 30 s, and 70 degrees C water bath for 8 s) on coyote spermatozoa. After thawing, the findings supported that cryopreservation of coyote (Canis latrans) spermatozoa frozen at a moderate freezing rate (-6 degrees C/min), in either a Tris-fructose or Tris-glucose extender, and thawed at a slow rate (37 degrees C water bath for 120 s) or moderate rate (60 degrees C water bath for 30 s), resulted in a more vigorous post-thaw motility (range, 57.5-44.0%) and viability (range, 64-49.6%) with the least amount of morphological and acrosomal abnormalities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Wildlife Res Ctr,Predator Res Ctr, Millville, UT 84326 USA. RP Minter, LJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ljminter@yahoo.com; thomas.j.deliberto@aphis.usda.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD DEC PY 2005 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1898 EP 1912 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.026 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 991SV UT WOS:000233834900003 PM 15961151 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Lunney, JK Ho, CS Martens, GW Ando, A Lee, JH Schook, L Renard, C Chardon, P AF Smith, DM Lunney, JK Ho, CS Martens, GW Ando, A Lee, JH Schook, L Renard, C Chardon, P TI Nomenclature for factors of the swine leukocyte antigen class II system, 2005 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Review DE comparative MHC class II; immunogenetics; major histocompatibility complex; nomenclature; swine leukocyte antigens ID SLA CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENES; NORMALIZED CDNA-LIBRARY; T-CELL RESPONSES; MINIATURE SWINE; DRB ALLELES; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; RAPID ASSIGNMENT; MHC SLA; PIG AB A systematic nomenclature for the genes and alleles of the swine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential to the development and communication of research in swine immunology. The Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) Nomenclature Committee of the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) has reviewed all of the DNA-sequence information for MHC class II genes, available in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ databases, and the associated published reports to develop such a systematic nomenclature. This article summarizes the proposed nomenclature, which parallels the World Health Organization's nomenclature for factors of the human MHC. The SLA class II genes expressed on the cell membrane will be noted as SLA-DRA, SLA-DRB1, SLA-DQA, and SLA-DQB1. Nomenclature assignments for all SLA class II GenBank sequences are now noted. The committee will add new SLA class II allele designations, as they are discovered, and will maintain a publicly available list of all recognized genes and alleles using the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD). The sequences will be available from the IPD-MHC section of the database which contains non-human MHC sequences (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/mhc/sla/). C1 Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, ISAG SLA Nomenclature Comm, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. ARS, USDA, BARC, APDL, Beltsville, MD USA. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Kanagawa 2591100, Japan. Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. INRA, CEA, Jouy En Josas, France. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, ISAG SLA Nomenclature Comm, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. EM dsmith@baylorhealth.edu RI Ho, Chak-Sum/C-7252-2008 NR 56 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD DEC PY 2005 VL 66 IS 6 BP 623 EP 639 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00492.x PG 17 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 983AC UT WOS:000233202500001 PM 16305679 ER PT J AU Sharma, RP He, QR Riley, RT AF Sharma, RP He, QR Riley, RT TI Lupus-prone NZBWF1/J mice, defective in cytokine signaling, are resistant to fumonisin hepatotoxicity despite accumulation of liver sphinganine SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; lupus mice; sphinganine; cytokines; hepatotoxicity ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CULTURED MOUSE HEPATOCYTES; RENAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FREE SPHINGOID BASES; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; KAPPA-B; B-1-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; LLC-PK1 CELLS AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, commonly present in corn and other cereals. Exposure to FB1 causes organ-specific diseases in various species, e.g., equine leukoencephalonnalacia and porcine pulmonary edema; in mice the response is hepatotoxicity. We earlier reported that ceramide synthase inhibition by FB1, the initial biochemical effect of this mycotoxin, results in modulation of cytokine network in response to accumulated free sphingoid bases. In the current study we used NZB/NZW-F1 (NZBW) mice that have modified cytokine expression and develop lupus beginning at 5 months of age. The NZBW and C57BL/6J (CBL) mice (appropriate control) were given five daily subcutaneous injections of either saline or 2.25 mg FB1/kg/day and euthanized 24 h after the last treatment. Peripheral leukocyte counts were higher after exposure to FB1 in CBL but not in NZBW. FB1 treatment caused increases of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in CBL mice indicating hepatotoxicity; no elevation of circulating liver enzymes was recorded in NZBW mice. Hepatotoxic responses were confirmed by microscopic evaluation of apoptotic cells. The FB1-induced proliferation of cells observed in CBL strain was abolished in NZBW animals. The sphingarrine accumulation in liver after FB1 was equal in both strains of mice. The NZBW strain lacked the FB1-induced increases in the expression of liver tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, receptor interacting protein (RIP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), observed in CBL. Results confirmed our hypothesis that initial altered sphingolipid metabolism caused by FB1 leads to perturbation of liver cytokine network and ultimate cellular injury; the mice deficient in cytokine signaling are refractory to FB1 hepatotoxicity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rpsharma@vet.uga.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 1 PY 2005 VL 216 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2005.07.024 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 984NX UT WOS:000233312700008 PM 16159691 ER PT J AU Busov, V Fladung, M Groover, A Strauss, S AF Busov, Victor Fladung, Matthias Groover, Andrew Strauss, Steven TI Insertional mutagenesis in Populus: relevance and feasibility SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE functional genomics; woody perennial development; gene tagging trees ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; T-DNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; FIREFLY LUCIFERASE; ANTHER CULTURE; PLANT GENE; ELEMENT AC; ACTIVATION AB The recent sequencing of the first tree genome, that of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), opens a new chapter in tree functional genomics. While the completion of the genome is a milestone, mobilizing this significant resource for better understanding the growth and development of woody perennials will be an even greater undertaking in the years to come. In other model organisms, a critical tool for high-throughput analysis of gene function has been the generation of large mutagenized populations. Some mutagenesis technologies and approaches cannot be applied to trees because of their typically outcrossing breeding systems, high heterozygosity, large body size, and delayed flowering. In contrast, gene-tagging approaches that use insertional mutagenesis to create dominant phenotypes are ideally suited for trees and, especially, Populus. Both activation tagging and enhancer trap programs have been successful in identifying new genes important to tree development. The generation of genome-wide insertional mutant populations, which provide direct functional links between genes and phenotypes, should help to integrate in silico analyses of gene and protein expression, association studies of natural genetic polymorphism, and phenotypic analyses of adaptation and development. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Inst Forest Genet & Forest Tree Breeding, BFH, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Busov, V (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM vbusov@mtu.edu NR 72 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0019-8 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WK UT WOS:000244896300001 ER PT J AU Fernando, DD Long, SM Sniezko, RA AF Fernando, Danilo D. Long, Sally M. Sniezko, Richard A. TI Sexual reproduction and crossing barriers in white pines: the case between Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) and P-monticola (western white pine) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Pinus lambertiana; Pinus monticola; crossing barriers ID FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; BLISTER RUST; CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE; DOUGL. REPRODUCTION; MAJOR GENE; RESISTANCE; SINGLE; MAIZE; HYBRIDIZATION AB The sexual reproductive process in Pinus lambertiana has not been completely described, and previous attempts to generate hybrids with Pinus monticola and other North American pines have not been successful. The nature of incompatibility barriers between P. lambertiana and P. monticola is unknown. This needs to be understood if strategies are to be developed to overcome the said barriers. In this paper, development on interspecific crosses is compared with that on intraspecific crosses on the same parent trees. Pollen grains of both species germinated on the nucellus of both species within a week after pollination. Seed cone receptivity in P. lambertiana came approximately 2 weeks after receptivity in P. monticola, and this delay was perpetuated throughout ovule development in the first year of the reproductive process. Development of the second-year seed cones proceeded more gradually in P. lambertiana. However, seed cones reached maturity only for P. monticola x P. lambertiana. In both crosses, the barriers to hybridization occurred during the second year of the reproductive process. With the P. lambertiana as the seed parent, it was manifested through the failure of the megaspores at the free-nuclear stage to resume development. When P. monticola was used as the seed parent, the male and female gametes failed to fuse. Our results clearly show that the barriers to hybridization in these species occur before or at fertilization. However, the exact mechanisms behind these are still unknown. Based on the results of this study, we present several strategies to bypass the developmental barriers and possibly produce hybrid progenies. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Fernando, DD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM fernando@esf.edu NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD DEC PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0015-z PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WK UT WOS:000244896300002 ER PT J AU Liu, LL King, JS Giardina, CP AF Liu, LL King, JS Giardina, CP TI Effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O-3 on leaf litter production and chemistry in trembling aspen and paper birch communities SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; chemical fluxes; C : N ratio; condensed tannins; FACE; foliar litter; global change; lignin; soluble phenolics; soluble sugars ID PINE PINUS-TAEDA; GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION BALANCE; VARYING N AVAILABILITY; CARBON-BASED SECONDARY; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BETULA-PAPYRIFERA; ACER-SACCHARUM; OZONE; DIOXIDE AB Human activities are increasing the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and tropospheric ozone ([O-3]), potentially leading to changes in the quantity and chemical quality of leaf litter inputs to forest soils. Because the quality and quantity of labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) compounds influence forest productivity through changes in soil organic matter content, characterizing changes in leaf litter in response to environmental change is critical to understanding the effects of global change on forests. We assessed the independent and combined effects of elevated [CO2] and elevated [O-3] on foliar litter production and chemistry in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and birch-(Betula papyrifera Marsh.) aspen communities at the Aspen free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI. Litter was analyzed for concentrations of C, nitrogen (N), soluble sugars, lipids, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and C-based defensive compounds (soluble phenolics and condensed tannins). Concentrations of these chemical compounds in naturally senesced litter were similar in aspen and birch-aspen communities among treatments, except for N, the C:N ratio and lipids. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased C:N (+8.7%), lowered mean litter N concentration (-10.7%) but had no effect on the concentrations of soluble sugars, soluble phenolics and condensed tannins. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased litter biomass production (+33.3%), resulting in significant increases in fluxes of N, soluble sugars, soluble phenolics and condensed tannins to the soil. Elevated [O-3] significantly increased litter concentrations of soluble sugars (+78.1%), soluble phenolics (+53.1%) and condensed tannins (+77.2%). There were no significant effects of elevated [CO2] or elevated [O-3] on the concentrations of individual C structural carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Elevated [CO2] significantly increased cellulose (+37.4%) input to soil, whereas elevated [O-3] significantly reduced hemicellulose and lignin inputs to soil (-22.3 and -31.5%, respectively). The small changes in litter chemistry in response to elevated [CO2] and tropospheric [O-3] that we observed, combined with changes in litter biomass production, could significantly alter the inputs of N, soluble sugars, condensed tannins, soluble phenolics, cellulose and lignin to forest soils in the future. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resource & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Liu, LL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resource & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM lliu4@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 65 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 33 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1511 EP 1522 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 994GT UT WOS:000234019900005 PM 16137937 ER PT J AU Lopez, OR Kursar, TA Cochard, H Tyree, MT AF Lopez, OR Kursar, TA Cochard, H Tyree, MT TI Interspecific variation in xylem vulnerability to cavitation among tropical tree and shrub species SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought tolerance; hydraulic conductivity; tropical rainforest; water potential; water stress; xylem cavitation ID DRY FOREST TREES; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER RELATIONS; WOODY-PLANTS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; SEVERE DROUGHT; CANOPY TREES; EMBOLISM; PANAMA; LEAF AB In tropical moist forests, seasonal drought limits plant survival, productivity and diversity. Drought-tolerance mechanisms of tropical species should reflect the maximum seasonal water deficits experienced in a particular habitat. We investigated stem xylem vulnerability to cavitation in nine tropical species with different life histories and habitat associations. Stem xylem vulnerability was scored as the xylem water potential causing 50 and 75% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 and P75, respectively). Four shade-tolerant shrubs ranged from moderately resistant (P50 = -1.9 MPa for Ouratea lucens Kunth. Engl.) to highly resistant to cavitation (P50 = -4.1 MPa for Psychotria horizontalis Sw.), with shallow-rooted species being the most resistant. Among the tree species, those characteristic of waterlogged soils, Carapa guianensis Aubl., Prioria copaifera Griseb. and Ficus citrifolia Mill., were the most vulnerable to cavitation (P50 = -0.8 to -1.6 MPa). The wet-season, deciduous tree, Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken., had resistant xylem (P50 = -3.2 MPa), whereas the dry-season, deciduous tree, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. was among the most vulnerable to cavitation (P50 = -0.8 MPa) of the species studied. For eight out of the nine study species, previously reported minimum seasonal leaf water potentials measured in the field during periods of drought correlated with our P50 and P75 values. Rooting depth, deciduousness, soil type and growth habit might also contribute to desiccation tolerance. Our results support the functional dependence of drought tolerance on xylem resistance to cavitation. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Clermont Ferrand, INRA, UMR PIAF, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Lopez, OR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S & 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM prioria@yahoo.com RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 52 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 29 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1553 EP 1562 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 994GT UT WOS:000234019900009 PM 16137941 ER PT J AU Williams, MJ Quesenberry, KH Prine, GM Olson, CB AF Williams, MJ Quesenberry, KH Prine, GM Olson, CB TI Rhizoma peanut - more than a 'lucerne' for subtropical USA SO TROPICAL GRASSLANDS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. EM mjwi@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOC AUST PI ST LUCIA PA CUNNINGHAM LAB, CSIRO 306 CARMODY RD, ST LUCIA, OLD 4067, AUSTRALIA SN 0049-4763 J9 TROP GRASSLANDS JI Trop. Grassl. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 228 EP 228 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 016UR UT WOS:000235646600021 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Stallknecht, DE Slemons, RD Winker, K Suarez, DL Scott, M Swayne, DE AF Spackman, E Stallknecht, DE Slemons, RD Winker, K Suarez, DL Scott, M Swayne, DE TI Phylogenetic analyses of type A influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES; EVOLUTION; DUCKS; CHINA; H2; TRANSMISSION; REASSORTMENT; CALIFORNIA; PRECURSOR; CHICKENS AB The matrix (M) (98 isolates), nucleoprotein (NP) (67 isolates), non-structural (NS) (107 isolates), H4 subtype HA 1 (21 isolates) and H6 (38 isolates) subtype HA1 region of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene were sequenced from avian influenza viruses isolated from North American wild aquatic birds between 1969 and 2003. Sequences were compared phylogenetically with all available wild aquatic bird isolate sequences and sequences from isolates from gallinaceous poultry and mammalian host species. Among the wild aquatic bird isolates the NS subtype B NS1 and subtype B NS2 proteins were the most conserved with minimum amino acid identities of 98.0 and 99.0%, respectively. The H6 HA1, M and NS subtype A genes were more divergent; both nucleotide and amino acid divergence levels were similar to those of the same genes from gallinaceous poultry and mammalian origin type A influenza isolates. Phylogenetically none of the genes assorted geographically (within North America), chronologically or by species of origin, unlike isolates from non-natural host species, suggesting that selection pressure is low. A lack of clear temporal or spatial grouping shows that multiple lineages of virus co-circulate and precludes the development of an epidemiological map for influenza virus from these species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM espackman@seprl.usda.gov; dstall@vet.uga.edu; slemons.1@osu.edu; ffksw@uaf.edu; dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov; mscott@seprl.usda.gov; dswayne@seprl.usda.gov RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.05.013 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 989AK UT WOS:000233645100011 PM 16039745 ER PT J AU Perez, A Hohn, C Higgins, J AF Perez, A Hohn, C Higgins, J TI Filtration methods for recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores spiked into source and finished water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; recovery; filtration ID IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; SUBTILIS; STRAINS; CEREUS; AGENTS; GENES; PCR AB Spores of Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain were recovered from 100 ml and 1 L volumes of tap and source waters using filtration through a 0.45 um filter, followed by overnight culture on agar plates. In a set of experiments comparing sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plates with a chromogenic agar formulation designed by R & F Laboratories, with a spiking dose of 47 plate-enumerated spores in 100 ml tap water, the mean spore recoveries were 34.0 and 30.8 spores, respectively. When a spiking dose of 100 fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACS)-enumerated spores was used in 100 ml potable water, the average recovery with SRBC plates was 48 spores. Detection efforts with spiking doses of 35 and 10 spores in I L tap water were successful, but recovery efforts from spiked 1 L volumes of source water were problematic due to the concomitant growth of normal spore-forming flora. Recoveries were also attempted on 10 L volumes of tap water. For a spiking dose of 100 spores, mean recovery from six replicates was 11 spores (+/- 6.8, range 2-20), and for a spiking dose of 10 spores, mean recovery from six replicates was 2.3 spores (+/- 3.5, range 0-9). Efforts were also made to '' direct detect '' spores via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on washes from filters. When spiking 534 spores in 100 ml 9/9 replicates of spiked tap water, 6/6 source water replicates, and 0/3 unspiked controls were positive by lef PCR. When 534 spores were spiked into 1 L tap water, the lef PCR was unsuccessful; however, using the nested vrrA PCR resulted in 4/9 spiked samples, and 0/3 unspiked controls, testing positive. Our results indicate that an inexpensive and userfriendly method, utilizing filtration apparatus commonly present in many water quality testing labs, can readily be adapted for use in detecting this potential threat agent. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. City Phoenix Water Serv Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85009 USA. RP Higgins, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 39 IS 20 BP 5199 EP 5211 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000EB UT WOS:000234442600035 PM 16290183 ER PT J AU Monaco, TA Johnson, DA Creech, JE AF Monaco, TA Johnson, DA Creech, JE TI Morphological and physiological responses of the invasive weed Isatis tinctoria to contrasting light, soil-nitrogen and water SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shade; carbon isotope composition; stomatal conductance; specific leaf area; invasive weed; Great Basin; root growth; multiple limiting resources; phenotypic plasticity ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; DYERS WOAD; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; LIFE-HISTORY; TRAITS; COMPETITION; GROWTH; SHADE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We evaluated the morphological and physiological responses to contrasting above- and below-ground resources for the invasive weed, Isatis tinctoria L. (dyer's woad). Plants were grown under low and high levels of light [shade (50% of ambient) and full sun], soil water (50 and 100 mL day(-1)), and soil nitrogen (N) (0 and 20 mg N kg(-1) soil) in 8 L pots in 63 day glasshouse experiments conducted during winter and spring. Soil-N enrichment did not increase any of the growth variables (shoot and root dry mass, shoot:root ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf area) or physiological variables (stomatal conductance and C-13 discrimination) in either experiment. The absence of plasticity in response to changes in soil-N supply suggests that I. tinctoria may survive and persist in nutrient-poor conditions by having low-N requirements, low-N productivity, or both. In contrast, plants compensated for shaded conditions by altering leaf area, specific leaf area, and shoot:root ratio to improve light capture. We discuss the potential mechanisms whereby response to these variable resources may be associated with a series of adaptations that favour the ability to tolerate and colonize harsh, nutrient-poor conditions, as well as invade shaded and undisturbed sites. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Monaco, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tmonaco@cc.usu.edu RI Creech, Earl/J-9166-2015 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00480.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 982OJ UT WOS:000233171200007 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Shivik, JA Lavelle, MJ AF VerCauteren, KC Shivik, JA Lavelle, MJ TI Efficacy of an animal-activated frightening device on urban elk and mule deer SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; Critter Gitter (TM); elk; frightening device; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PROPANE EXPLODERS; UNITED-STATES; DAMAGE; PERCEPTIONS; DEPREDATION; DETERRENTS; MANAGEMENT; CORNFIELDS; LOSSES AB Cervids readily adapt to suitable human-altered landscapes and can cause several types of damage, including economic loss associated with landscape and agricultural plantings, human health and safety concerns, and adverse impacts on natural habitats. The need for effective, practical, and non lethal tools to manage damage caused by elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been heightened by the growing prevalence of locally overabundant populations and public demand for nonlethal wildlife management methods. Various frightening devices are available commercially, but most have not been subjectively evaluated. We used consumption measurements to evaluate the efficacy of a specific motion-activated light- and sound-emitting frightening device for urban mule deer and elk. The devices proved ineffective; deer and elk ignored them. As the demand for frightening devices to reduce deer and elk damage increases, it is important that research be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new devices so that users know what level of efficacy to expect. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlilfe Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlilfe Serv, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1282 EP 1287 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1282:EOAAFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 033HA UT WOS:000236836500011 ER PT J AU Adams, CE Higginbotham, BJ Rollins, D Taylor, RB Skiles, R Mapston, M Tuman, S AF Adams, CE Higginbotham, BJ Rollins, D Taylor, RB Skiles, R Mapston, M Tuman, S TI Regional perspectives and opportunities for feral hog management in Texas SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE feral hogs; landowner; survey; Sus scrofa; Texas ID RANGE EXPANSION; PIGS; DIET AB In 2003 we conducted a study to determine the consequences of feral hog (Sus scrofa) invasions in several ecoregions of Texas. We examined the observations, experiences, and actions of landowners and managers concerning feral hogs on their property. We used purposive sampling of landowners and managers who fit 1 or more of 3 selection criteria. Landowners and managers were either sent a self-administered, mail-out questionnaire or given a copy of the questionnaire during pesticide applicator workshops. There were 775 survey participants. The effective response rate from those landowners and managers who received a mailed questionnaire was 62% (n=284). Nearly all (95%, n=491) of the pesticide applicator workshop participants turned in a completed questionnaire. Sampling error based on the farms (includes ranches) in Texas and in each region was +/- 3%, alpha=0.05. The majority (74%) of respondents were ranchers, and 18% were farmers. Most respondents felt that feral hogs came from the neighbor's property and were an agricultural pest. Rooting, wallowing, and crop damage were the major forms of damage caused by feral hogs. The average economic loss due to hog damage, over the lifetime ownership of the land by the respondent, was $7,515 (U.S). Hog control was an incidental process. The average cost for hog control over the lifetime ownership of the land by the respondent was $2,631 (U.S.). There was strong support for programs related to feral hog management and control, but only half of the survey participants responded to the question. The average quiz score of 11.5 indicated that respondents could correctly respond to < 50% of the 26 questions. Region was found to have an effect (P <= 0.05) on all questions tested except one. Management implications included the need for educational programs about feral hogs, how landowners can make better use of feral hogs on their property, ongoing education efforts about feral hogs, and the impact of this study on the public policy and decision-making process. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Overton, TX 75684 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. Texas Pk & Wildlife, Uvalde, TX 78802 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens Wildlife Serv, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Stockton, TX 79735 USA. RP Adams, CE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM clark.adams@tamu.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1312 EP 1320 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1312:RPAOFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 033HA UT WOS:000236836500014 ER PT J AU Bales, SL Hellgren, EC Leslie, DM Hemphill, J AF Bales, SL Hellgren, EC Leslie, DM Hemphill, J TI Dynamics of a recolonizing population of black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE age structure; black bear; Oklahoma; population dynamics; recolonization; reproduction; survival; Ursus americanus ID SURVIVAL; ARKANSAS; EXPANSION; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY AB Understanding how populations expand to recolonize former habitats is important to restoration efforts in wildlife management and conservation. Translocation of black bears (Ursus americanus) to Arkansas in the 1950s and 1960s has led to recolonization of former bear range in Oklahoma, with substantial increases in distribution and abundance of the species in Oklahoma over the last 15 years. We studied demographics of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma from May 2001 to November 2002 to provide insight into characteristics of recolonizing populations of large carnivores. We trapped 51 black bears (22 M, 29 F) 77 times and radiocollared 25 female bears. Sex ratios of adults and cubs were skewed toward females, and the age structure was younger than observed in other unharvested populations. Survival of adult females was estimated at 0.9 +/- 0.1, and fertility was estimated at 0.77 female young/female/year. Density on the study area was estimated at 0.21 bears/km(2) and the current finite growth rate (lambda) of the study population was estimated to be 1.11/year. Demographic characteristics of the Oklahoma population of black bears were similar to those of other recolonizing populations of large carnivores. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, Hodgen, OK 74939 USA. RP Bales, SL (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, USDA, 100,Suite 203, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM hellgren@siu.edu OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1342 EP 1351 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1342:DOARPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 033HA UT WOS:000236836500018 ER PT J AU Shivik, JA Martin, DJ Pipas, MJ Turnan, J DiLiberto, TJ AF Shivik, JA Martin, DJ Pipas, MJ Turnan, J DiLiberto, TJ TI Initial comparison: jaws, cables, and cage-traps to capture coyotes SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cage-trap; Canis latrans; coyote; efficiency; injury; selectivity; snare; trap ID FOOTHOLD TRAPS; INJURIES; DEVICES; PERFORMANCE AB The need for alternative predator capture techniques is increasing because of concerns about the efficiency, selectivity, and injury of currently available capture methods. There also is a need for comparative data evaluating new or seldom used methods. In an initial evaluation, we first surveyed wildlife managers for information on cage-trapping; using these data, we conducted a field study of 4 coyote (Canis latrans) capture systems for animal damage management. We tested the Softcatch (R), Collarum (R), Wildlife Services-Turman, and Tomahawk (R), systems for capturing coyotes in Arizona and south Texas during 2001 and 2002. We determined capture efficiency and selectivity and performed whole-body necropsies to identify trap-related injuries. Surveys indicated that coyotes usually were captured in large (> 1.6-m-length) cage-traps baited with meat or carcasses. in our field evaluation, we estimated a capture efficiency (percentage of coyote captures per capture opportunity) of 0% for the Tomahawk cage-trap, 87% for the Collarum, 88% for the WS-T throw arm, and 100% for the SoftCatch. Cage-traps were the least selective, capturing 34 noncoyote animals, and Collarums were the most selective, capturing no noncoyote animals. The WS-T and SoftCatch devices showed intermediate selectivity of 50% and 69%, respectively. All devices showed low injury scores relative to I. awed devices in previous studies; 92%, 57%, and 92% of coyotes captured in the Collarum, WS-T, and SoftCatch showed no indicators of poor welfare, respectively. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Casper, WY 82602 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, El Cajon, CA 92021 USA. RP Shivik, JA (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 193 BNR Bldg, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1375 EP 1383 DI 10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1375:ICJCAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 033HA UT WOS:000236836500022 ER PT J AU Alterman, LE Bednarz, JC Thill, RE AF Alterman, LE Bednarz, JC Thill, RE TI Use of group-selection and seed-tree cuts by three early-successional migratory species in Arkansas SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NESTING SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING BIRDS; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; HARDWOOD FOREST; SHRUBLAND BIRDS; MAYFIELD METHOD; WOOD THRUSHES; EDGE; LANDSCAPE AB Silviculture in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas and Oklahoma has shifted in recent years from mostly even-aged management to a mix of even- and uneven-aged regeneration systems, including group-selection. Researchers have described presence/absence of early-successional bird species in forest openings created by even- and uneven-aged silviculture, but few have examined nest success. We examined occupancy and nest success of three early-successional species-Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), and Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor)-within 6- and 7-year-old openings created by group-selection (uneven-aged, <= 0.8 ha) and seed-tree (even-aged, 11-16 ha) cuts in Arkansas. We found 54 Indigo Bunting nests in openings created by seed-tree cuts and 28 in openings created by group-selection cuts (hereafter "seed-tree stands" and "group-selection stands," respectively). We found 50 Yellow-breasted Chat nests in seed-tree stands, but only 2 were found in group-selection stands. We found 14 Prairie Warbler nests in seed-tree and none in group-selection stands. Mayfield nest success for Indigo Bunting was 30.9% in seed-tree stands and 41.9% in group-selection openings, but there was no difference in daily nest survival (0.952 +/- 0.009 and 0.964 +/- 0.010, respectively; chi(2) = 0.792, P = 0.37). Our data suggest that Indigo Buntings can nest successfully in both regenerating seed-tree and group-selection stands; however, group-selection openings may be too small to support nesting Yellow-breasted Chats and Prairie Warblers. Public concerns about clear-cutting have resulted in increased use of uneven-aged management by the USDA Forest Service. However, before widespread implementation of group-selection cutting, additional research should be conducted to evaluate the effects of this management strategy on Neotropical migratory bird communities. C1 Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Alterman, LE (reprint author), Ecosphere Environm Serv, 2257 Main Ave,Patio Level, Durango, CO 81301 USA. EM alterman@ecosphere-services.com NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 117 IS 4 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1676/04-113.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 995MI UT WOS:000234104000004 ER PT J AU Western, AW Seyfried, MS AF Western, AW Seyfried, MS TI A calibration and temperature correction procedure for the water-content reflectometer SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; water content reflectometer; calibration ID SOIL-WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; SENSOR; ERRORS AB Calibration is required for most soil moisture sensors if accurate measurements are to be obtained. This can be time consuming and costly, especially if field calibration is undertaken, but can be facilitated by a good understanding of the behaviour of the particular sensor being calibrated. We develop generalized temperature correction and soil water calibration relationships for Campbell Scientific CS615 water-content reflectometer sensors. The temperature correction is estimated as a function of the raw sensor measurement. The calibration relationship requires one soil-related parameter to be set. These relationships facilitate field calibration of these sensors to acceptable accuracies with only a small number of samples. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Appl Hydrol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cooperat Res Ctr Catchment Hydrol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Western, AW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Appl Hydrol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM a.western@unimelb.edu.au RI Western, Andrew/G-1730-2011 OI Western, Andrew/0000-0003-4982-146X NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 18 BP 3785 EP 3793 DI 10.1002/hyp.6069 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 991UW UT WOS:000233840600020 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Lobkovsky, EB Wach, MJ Loria, R Gibson, DM AF Krasnoff, SB Lobkovsky, EB Wach, MJ Loria, R Gibson, DM TI Chemistry and phytotoxicity of thaxtomin A alkyl ethers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thaxtomins; crystal structure; phytotoxin; Streptomyces ID STREPTOMYCES-SCABIES; COMMON SCAB; GLUCOSYLATION; PATHOGENICITY; ACIDISCABIES AB The thaxtomin phytotoxins (11 and 2) from scab-producing Streptomyces pathogens of the potato are 2,5-dioxopiperazines consisting of modified L-tryptophanyl and L-phenylalanyl units. Thaxtomin A (1) is hydroxylated at C-14, the alpha carbon of the modified L-phenylalanyl moiety. Refluxing thaxtomin A in acidified MeOH, EtOH, and i-PrOH afforded C-14 thaxtomin A methyl- (3a and 3b), ethyl- (4a and 4b), and isopropyl- (5a and 5b) ethers, respectively, in both the 11S,14R (3a, 4a, and 5a) and 11S,14S (3b, 4b, and 5b) configurations. Crystal structures were determined for 3a and 4a. Extensive NMR as well as other spectroscopic data supported structural assignments for all of the derivatives. The 11S,14R-configured derivatives were slightly less potent than the natural products (11 and 2) as inhibitors of lettuce seedling root growth, whereas the activity of the 11S,14S epimers was much reduced, indicating that the configuration at C-14 found in the naturally occurring thaxtomins is essential for biological activity. Among the 11S,14R-configured compounds, potency decreased with an increasing size of the substituted alkoxy group. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sbk1@cornell.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 24 BP 9446 EP 9451 DI 10.1021/jf051614w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 987KK UT WOS:000233516600022 PM 16302760 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Adhvaryu, A Gordon, SH Erhan, SZ Willett, JL AF Biswas, A Adhvaryu, A Gordon, SH Erhan, SZ Willett, JL TI Synthesis of diethylamine-functionalized soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; epoxidized soybean oil; epoxy ring opening; diethylamine; zinc chloride; aminol preparation ID STABILITY AB Specialty chemicals based on renewable resources are desirable commodities due to their eco-friendly nature and "green" product characteristics. These chemicals can demonstrate physical and chemical properties comparable to those of conventional petroleum-based products. Suitably functionalized amines in the triacylglycerol structure can function as an antioxidant, as well as an antiwear/antifriction agent. In addition, the amphiphilic nature of seed oils makes them an excellent candidate as base fluid. The reaction of amine and epoxidized seed oils in the presence of a catalyst almost always leads to different intra/intermolecular cross-linked products. In most cases, the triacylglycerol structure is lost due to disruption of the ester linkage. Currently, there is no reported literature describing the aminolysis of vegetable oil without cross-linking. Here the epoxy group of the epoxidized soybean oil has been selectively reacted with amines to give amine-functionalized soybean oil. The optimization procedure involved various amines and catalysts for maximum aminolysis, without cross-linking and disruption of the ester linkage. Diethylamine and ZnCl2 were found to be the best. NMR, IR, and nitrogen analysis were used to characterize the products. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM biswasa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 24 BP 9485 EP 9490 DI 10.1021/jf050731o PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 987KK UT WOS:000233516600028 PM 16302766 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Doll, KM Erhan, SZ TI Synthesis of carbonated fatty methyl esters using supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE supercritical carbon dioxide; cyclic carbonate; methyl 8-(2-oxo-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-octanoate; carbonated methyl oleate; carbonated methyl linoleate ID GREEN CHEMISTRY; SOYBEAN OIL; SOLUBILITY; HYDROGENATION; ACID; COPOLYMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; EXTRACTION; PRESSURES; FLUIDS AB The two-step syntheses of the cyclic carbonates carbonated methyl oleate (CMO) and carbonated methyl linoleate (CIVIL) are reported. First, synthesis of epoxides through well-precedented chemical reactions of unsaturated fatty methyl esters with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid was accomplished. Next, a carbonation reaction with a simple tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst was performed, allowing the direct incorporation of carbon dioxide into the oleochernical. These syntheses avoid the use of the environmentally unfriendly phosgene. The carbonated products are characterized by IR, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also reported is the synthesis of a similar cyclic carbonate from the commercially available 2-ethylhexyl epoxy soyate. These carbonates show properties that may make them useful as petrochemical replacements or as biobased industrial product precursors. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dollkm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 24 BP 9608 EP 9614 DI 10.1021/jf051679 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 987KK UT WOS:000233516600046 PM 16302784 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Ridpath, JF Ore, S Confer, AW Saliki, JT Burge, LJ Payton, ME AF Fulton, RW Ridpath, JF Ore, S Confer, AW Saliki, JT Burge, LJ Payton, ME TI Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) subgenotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: Distribution of BVDV1a, 1b, and 2a subgenotypes SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BVDV subgenotypes 1a, 1b, and 2a ID GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; PESTIVIRUSES; GENOTYPE-1; AMERICA; DISEASE AB The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) biotypes and subgenotypes was determined from 131 BVDV positive samples from a diagnostic laboratory. The majority of the isolates were from Oklahoma; however, other states including, Kansas, Texas, and Arkansas were represented. These BVDV samples were from submissions of 76 live animals and 55 necropsy samples. There were 131 BVDV samples represented by 117 noncytopathic (NCP), 11 cytopathic (CP) and 3 cases with mixed NCP and CP biotypes. The NCP isolates were more common (P < 0.05) than the CP and NCP/CP combination. The BVDV samples were segregated into three subgenotypes by differential PCR and sequencing of a viral genomic region, 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). There were more BVDV1b subgenotypes 60/131 (45.8%) than BVDV1a, 37/131 (28.2%) or BVDV2a, 34/131 (26.0%) (P < 0.05). The organ system involvement included the major categories such as respiratory, digestive, mixed/multiple organs, abortions, and persistent infections (PI). All three BVDV subgenotypes were found in persistently infected (PI) cattle and respiratory diseases, both major requests for BVDV diagnosis. Only one of the 131 viruses was genetically similar to the strains present in U.S. vaccines. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Room 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM rfulton@cvm.okstate.edu NR 27 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 986SS UT WOS:000233470600004 PM 16263224 ER PT J AU Gorton, TS Barnett, MM Gull, T French, RA Lu, ZQ Kutish, GF Adams, LG Geary, SJ AF Gorton, TS Barnett, MM Gull, T French, RA Lu, ZQ Kutish, GF Adams, LG Geary, SJ TI Development of real-time diagnostic assays specific for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides Small Colony; contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; diagnostic; real-time PCR ID CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SC; CLUSTER; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CATTLE; ELISA AB Rapid and specific detection of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp, mycoides Small Colony (M. mycoides SC) is important for the effective control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Although the United States has been free of this disease for over 100 years, it is necessary to develop modern diagnostic assays that are sensitive and specific for biological agents that would affect the US agricultural industry following accidental or intentional introduction into the US agricultural population. With this aim in mind, we have identified M. mycoides SC-specific genetic loci and developed TaqMan-based PCR assays for the detection of M. mycoides SC. The TaqMan assay allows for real-time detection of specific, amplified PCR products using portable equipment, enabling testing to be performed in the field. These assays are specific for M. mycoides SC, failing to amplify DNA from other organisms belonging to the M. mycoides cluster or two phylogenetically unrelated bovine mycoplasma species. Standard curves were drawn based on the linear relationships measured between the threshold fluorescence (C-T) values and a measured quantity of genomic DNA. M. mycoides SC was successfully detected in bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from experimentally infected cattle. These TaqMan-based real-time PCR assays will allow for the rapid and specific detection of M. mycoides SC. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Gorton, TS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM timothy.gorton@uconn.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 30 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.09.013 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 986SS UT WOS:000233470600006 PM 16257143 ER PT J AU Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Morgan, PB AF Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Morgan, PB TI Global food insecurity. Treatment of major food crops with elevated carbon dioxide or ozone under large-scale fully open-air conditions suggests recent models may have overestimated future yields SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE global change; atmospheric change; crop production; food security; harvest index ID CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPRING WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; GROWTH AB Predictions of yield for the globe's major grain and legume arable crops suggest that, with a moderate temperature increase, production may increase in the temperate zone, but decline in the tropics. In total, global food supply may show little change. This security comes from inclusion of the direct effect of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, [CO2], which significantly stimulates yield by decreasing photorespiration in C-3 crops and transpiration in all crops. Evidence for a large response to [CO2] is largely based on studies made within chambers at small scales, which would be considered unacceptable for standard agronomic trials of new cultivars or agrochemicals. Yet, predictions of the globe's future food security are based on such inadequate information. Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology now allows investigation of the effects of rising [CO2] and ozone on field crops under fully open-air conditions at an agronomic scale. Experiments with rice, wheat, maize and soybean show smaller increases in yield than anticipated from studies in chambers. Experiments with increased ozone show large yield losses (20%), which are not accounted for in projections of global food security. These findings suggest that current projections of global food security are overoptimistic. The fertilization effect of CO2 is less than that used in many models, while rising ozone will cause large yield losses in the Northern Hemisphere. Unfortunately, FACE studies have been limited in geographical extent and interactive effects of CO2, ozone and temperature have yet to be studied. Without more extensive study of the effects of these changes at an agronomic scale in the open air, our ever-more sophisticated models will continue to have feet of clay. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 379 Edward R Madigan Lab,1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 80 TC 141 Z9 152 U1 7 U2 79 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 360 IS 1463 BP 2011 EP 2020 DI 10.1098/rstb.2005.1749 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 986CS UT WOS:000233427400004 PM 16433090 ER PT J AU Feng, PCC Baley, GJ Clinton, WP Bunkers, GJ Alibhai, MF Paulitz, TC Kidwell, KK AF Feng, PCC Baley, GJ Clinton, WP Bunkers, GJ Alibhai, MF Paulitz, TC Kidwell, KK TI Glyphosate inhibits rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici; Puccinia triticina; disease control ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; UNITED-STATES; TRANSLOCATION; PATHOGEN; HERBICIDES; RETENTION; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; EPIDEMICS AB Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used for the control of weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops. Glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Studies with glyphosate-resistant wheat have shown that glyphosate provided both preventive and curative activities against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina, which cause stripe and leaf rusts, respectively, in wheat. Growth-chamber studies demonstrated wheat rust control at multiple plant growth stages with a glyphosate spray dose typically recommended for weed control. Rust control was absent in formulation controls without glyphosate, dependent on systemic glyphosate concentrations in leaf tissues, and not mediated through induction of four common systemic acquired resistance genes. A field test with endemic stripe rust inoculum confirmed the activities of glyphosate pre- and postinfestation. Preliminary greenhouse studies also demonstrated that application of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybeans suppressed Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. C1 Monsanto Biotechnol Res, St Louis, MO 63017 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Feng, PCC (reprint author), Monsanto Biotechnol Res, St Louis, MO 63017 USA. EM paul.feng@monsanto.com RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; Bunkers, Greg/B-5337-2012; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 29 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 48 BP 17290 EP 17295 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508873102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 990RX UT WOS:000233762000007 PM 16293685 ER PT J AU Welch, TJ Wiens, GD AF Welch, TJ Wiens, GD TI Construction of a virulent, green fluorescent protein-tagged Yersinia ruckeri and detection in trout tissues after intraperitoneal and immersion challenge SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia ruckeri; green fluorescent protein; flow cytometry; epifluorescence microscopy ID EDWARDSIELLA-TARDA; GENE-EXPRESSION; FISH; GFP; BACTERIA; MARKER AB A green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing strain of Yersinia ruckeri was created by the transposition of a Tn10-GFP-kan cassette into the genome of Y. ruckeri Strain YRNC10. The derivative, YRNC10-gfp, was highly GFP fluorescent, retained the gfp-km marker in the absence of kanamycin selection, and exhibited in vitro growth kinetics similar to those of the wild type strain. YRNC10-gfp colonized and caused mortality in immersion and intraperitoneally challenged rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, although it was modestly attenuated compared to the wild type strain. The distribution and location of YRNC10-gfp in infected fish was visualized by epifluorescence microscopy. Abundant extracellular bacteria and a small number of intracellular bacteria were observed in the kidney, spleen and peripheral blood. To determine the percentage of trout cells containing intracellular bacteria, GFP fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry. A small population of GFP positive leukocytes was detected in peripheral blood (1.6%), spleen (1.1%) and anterior kidney (0.4%) tissues. In summary, this is the first report of the construction of a virulent, GFP-tagged Y. ruckeri, which may be a useful model for detecting and imaging the interactions between an aquatic pathogen and the natural salmonid host. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Welch, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM twelch@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.3354/dao067267 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 008EG UT WOS:000235022400011 PM 16408843 ER PT J AU Geletii, YV Hill, CL Bailey, AJ Hardcastle, KI Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA AF Geletii, YV Hill, CL Bailey, AJ Hardcastle, KI Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA TI Electron exchange between alpha-keggin tungstoaluminates and a well-defined cluster-anion probe for studies in electron transfer SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HETEROPOLY BLUES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SELF-EXCHANGE; CATION SIZE; ION-PAIRS; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES AB Fully oxidized alpha-(AlW12O405-)-W-III (1(ox)), and one-electron-reduced alpha-(AlW12O406-)-W-III (1(red)), are well-behaved (stable and free of ion pairing) over a wide range of pH and ionic-strength values at room temperature in water. Having established this, Al-27 NMR spectroscopy is used to measure rates of electron exchange between 10, (27Al NMR: 72.2 ppm relative to Al(H2O)(6)(3+); nu(1/2) = 0.77 Hz) and 1(red) (74.1 ppm; nu(1/2) = 0.76 Hz). Bimolecular rate constants, k, are obtained from line broadening in Al-27 NMR signals as ionic strength, mu, is increased by addition of NaCl at the slow-exchange limit of the NMR time scale. The dependence of k on mu is plotted using the extended Debye-Huckel equation: log k = log k(0) + 2 alpha z(1)z(2)mu(1/2)/(l + beta r mu(1/2)), where z(1) and z(2) are the charges of 1(ox) and 1(red), alpha and beta are constants, and r, the distance of closest contact, is fixed at 1.12 nm, the crystallographic diameter of a Keggin anion. Although not derived for highly charged ions, this equation gives a straight line (R-2 = 0.996), whose slope gives a charge product, z(1)z(2), of 29 +/- 2, statistically identical to the theoretical value of 30. Extrapolation to mu= 0 gives a rate constant k(11) of (6.5 +/- 1.5) x 10(-3) M-1 s(-1), more than 7 orders of magnitude smaller than the rate constant [(1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M-1 s(-1)] determined by P-31 NMR for self-exchange between (PW12O403-)-W-V and its 4one-electron-reduced form, (PW12O404-)-W-V. Sutin's semiclassical model reveals that this dramatic difference arises from the large negative charges of 1(ox) and 1(red). These results, including independent verification of k(11), recommend 1 red as a well-behaved electron donor for investigating outer-sphere electron transfer to molecules or nanostructures in water, while addressing a larger issue, the prediction of collision rates between uniformly charged nanospheres, for which 1(ox) and 1(red) provide a working model. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA, Chem & Pulping Res Work Unit, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM iaw@sci.ccny.cuny.edu RI Geletii, Yurii/B-3930-2014 OI Geletii, Yurii/0000-0002-2287-330X NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 24 BP 8955 EP 8966 DI 10.1021/ic050860m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 986ZL UT WOS:000233488100038 PM 16296851 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W AF Woodall, CW Grambsch, PL Thomas, W TI Applying survival analysis to a large-scale forest inventory for assessment of tree mortality in Minnesota SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE mortality; survival analysis; hazard function; forest inventory ID BUDWORM OUTBREAK; TIME ANALYSIS; WHITE SPRUCE; MODELS; DEATH; PARK AB Tree mortality has traditionally been assessed in forest inventories through summaries of mortality by location, species, and causal agents. Although these methods have historically constituted the majority of tree mortality summarizations, they have had limited use in assessing mortality trends and dynamics. This study proposed a novel method of applying survival analysis for the purpose of analyzing tree mortality in forest inventories. Individual tree size and growth increments were used to estimate survival and hazard functions for a forest inventory for the state of Minnesota. These estimates provided regional mortality and variance estimates by diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter growth classes (Delta DBH) between successive inventories. Comparisons of survival/hazard curves for various tree populations and tests of effects of covariates on individual survival curves were conducted allowing for mortality hypothesis testing across user-defined tree populations (i.e., species, location, stand conditions, and damage agents). Survival analysis techniques, facilitated by the variables of DBH and Delta DBH, may provide foresters with the ability to test tree mortality hypotheses and summarize regional tree mortality trends. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55407 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.04.011 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 985JT UT WOS:000233374300011 ER PT J AU Ares, A Brauer, D AF Ares, A Brauer, D TI Aboveground biomass partitioning in loblolly pine silvopastoral stands: Spatial configuration and pruning effects SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; allometrics; Pinus taeda; stand basal area ID SLASH PINE; LEAF-AREA; GROWTH; TREES; ALLOCATION; TAEDA; FERTILIZATION; NUTRIENT; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEM AB Patterns of biomass partitioning have been extensively studied in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations and natural stands, but not in silvopastoral practices, which are being promoted in southern United States. We conducted aboveground biomass harvests in 18-year-old loblolly pine growing in single-, double-, and quadruple-row configurations at 2.1 m between trees in the row, and initial densities of 308, 568, and 932 trees ha(-1). In the double- and quadruple-row configurations, rows were 2.4 m apart while alleys were 14.6 m wide in all configurations. Trees were felled from single, double (east and west orientations) and, the exterior east and one of the interior (trees identified as QR2) quadruple rows, and separated into bole, branches, twigs (< 2 cm in diameter), and foliage. In total, 60 trees within the 25-29 cm DBH class were sampled (five configurations x three trees per row x two pruning regimes x two replicates). Averaged across pruning regimes, absolute total aboveground biomass per tree ranged from 366 kg in single-row trees to 231 kg in QR2-trees while bole biomass varied from 185 kg in single-row trees to 143 kg in QR2-trees. Configuration affected relative biomass partitioning to boles (P < 0.05), which ranged, on an average, from 60% of total tree biomass in quadruple rows to 52% in single rows, branch (P < 0.05), which varied from 30% in single rows to 24% in quadruple rows, and foliage (P < 0.001), which ranged from 12% in single rows to 8% in quadruple rows. Bole DBH and available ground space per tree (as covariates) did not affect biomass partitioning as neither did pruning, although pruning markedly improved log quality. Basal areas in single-, double-, and quadruple-row configurations in the silvopasture were 11, 19, and 34% greater than the projected basal areas for adjacent loblolly pine plots with similar stand density. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), Weyerhaeuser Co, 2730 Pacific Blvd SE, Albany, OR 97322 USA. EM adrian.ares@weyerhaeuser.com NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 996HX UT WOS:000234166100005 ER PT J AU Thies, WG Westlind, DJ AF Thies, WG Westlind, DJ TI Stump removal and fertilization of five Phellinus weirii-infested stands in Washington and Oregon affect mortality and growth of planted Douglas-fir 25 years after treatment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE laminated root rot; disease control; nitrogen fertilization; growth reduction; stumping; impacts; epidemiology ID LAMINATED ROOT-ROT; PORIA-WEIRII; PONDEROSA PINE; SOIL; SURVIVAL; REDUCTION; SEEDLINGS; PATHOGEN; UREA AB Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. causes laminated root rot (LRR), a major disease affecting growth and survival of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) and other commercially important conifer species throughout the Pacific Northwest. Stump removal or nitrogen (N) fertilization, or both, have been suggested as management strategies for some root diseases but have not been tested previously for LRR in a replicated field study. Independent studies, using the same experimental design, were established in five Douglas-fir stands in Oregon and Washington. The stands were surveyed preharvest and postharvest (clearcut). Each P. weirii-infected entity (standing dead or down trees and stumps) was marked, and the location of its center was mapped. In each clearcut, a 2 x 4 set of factorial treatments of stump removal in combination with N fertilization was applied to 0.04 ha circular plots and replicated five to seven times. Treatments, applied in the fall, included stump removal with a bulldozer (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha(-1)). Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in the winter following treatment application. When the stand was considered established, each plot was thinned to a spacing of about 2.4 m inter-tree spacing and the trees tagged. Diameter at breast height, total height, and mortality of trees were recorded every 2-5 years. A total of 7827 tagged trees on 239 plots were observed for up to 27 growing seasons following treatment. Stumping caused a significant reduction in seedling mortality due to LRR at all five study areas. The mean LRR-caused mortality on stumped and nonstumped plots was 2.4 and 9.1%, respectively. Fertilization did not cause a significant change in LRR-caused mortality of seedlings at any of the study areas. Nitrogen fertilization before planting increased growth of Douglas-fir seedlings but only in some stands. Nitrogen fertilizer can have a positive residual effect on growth of Douglas-fir for at least 23 years. Effects on soil of heavy equipment used in stumping operations did not reduce subsequent Douglas-fir survival or growth. There was a mean reduction in wood volume of 24.8% in areas where LRR was observed compared to areas where it was not found. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wthies@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 2-3 BP 242 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.050 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 996HX UT WOS:000234166100010 ER PT J AU McNulty, SG Boggs, J Aber, JD Rustad, L Magill, A AF McNulty, SG Boggs, J Aber, JD Rustad, L Magill, A TI Red spruce ecosystem level changes following 14 years of chronic N fertilization SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE N saturation; red spruce; fertilization ID CHRONIC NITROGEN ADDITIONS; NEW-YORK; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; FIR FOREST; SATURATION AB In the early 1980s, nitrogen (N) deposition was first postulated as a cause of N saturation and spruce mortality across the northeastern US. In 1988, a series of high elevation spruce-fir forest N addition plots were established on Mt. Ascutney (southeastern) Vermont to test this hypothesis. The paired plots each received, in addition to ambient N deposition, 15.7 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) (low N addition), 31.4 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) (high N addition) or no N addition (control) from 1988 to 2002. Over the years, potential and annual in situ forest floor net N mineralization and net nitrification, foliar and forest floor elemental concentrations, and basal area growth by species were measured on each plot. Live basal area decreased by 18% on the low N addition plots, and by 40% on the high N addition plots between 1988 and 2002, while the control plots had a 9% increase in basal area over the same time period. Initially, none of the plots had measurable rates of in situ nitrification, but by 2002, 21% of the mineralized N was being annually nitrified on the high N addition plots, compared to no net nitrification on the control plots. We also observed a significant increase in forest floor N concentration on the high N plots from 1988 to 2000. Reductions in live basal area, and increased net nitrification suggest that we induced late stage N saturation on the high N addition plots. The low N addition plots exhibited symptoms of mid-stage N saturation, with a smaller reduction in live basal area and net N mineralization, and a smaller increase in net nitrification compared to the high N addition plot values. Other correlations between forest floor and vegetation composition and function, and N saturation will be discussed in the paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Cumberland, ME 04021 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 920 Main Campus Dr,Venture 2,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu; jboggs@ncsu.edu NR 43 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 219 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.004 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 996HX UT WOS:000234166100013 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Gomez-Marin, JE Bedoya, A Lora, F Vianna, MCB Hill, D Kwok, OC Shen, SK Marcet, PL Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Gomez-Marin, JE Bedoya, A Lora, F Vianna, MCB Hill, D Kwok, OC Shen, SK Marcet, PL Lehmann, T TI Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Colombia, South America SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; chickens; Gallus domesticus; free-range; Columbia; South America; genotype ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; CATS; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 77 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Colombia, South America was determined. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 32 (44.4%) of 72 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 4, 1: 10 in 3, 1:20 in 1, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 8, 1:160 in 8, 1:320 in 3, and 1:640 or higher in 4. Hearts and brains of 31 seropositive chickens were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissues from 32 (16 + 16) seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to two, T. gondii-free cats, and tissues from nine chickens without matching sera were fed to one T. gondii-free cat. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. T. gondii oocysts were excreted by a cat that was fed tissues of 16 seronegative chickens. T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice from 23 chickens with MAT titers of 1:20 or higher. All infected mice from 16 of the 23 isolates died of toxoplasmosis. Overall, 82 (81.1%) of 101 mice that became infected after inoculation with chicken tissues died of toxoplasmosis. Genotyping of these 24 isolates using polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that seven T. gondii isolates were Type I, 17 were Type III, and none was Type II. Phenotypically, T. gondii isolates from chickens from Colombia were similar to isolates from Brazil but different from the isolates from North America; most isolates from chickens from Brazil and Colombia were lethal for mice whereas isolates from North America did not kill inoculated mice. Genetically, none of the T. gondii isolates from Colombia and Brazil was SAG2 Type H, whereas most isolates from chickens from North America were Type II. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Colombia, South America. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Quindio, Fac Ciencias Salud, Ctr Invest Biomed, GEPAMOL, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; Gomez-Marin, Jorge/L-9793-2013; OI Gomez-Marin, Jorge/0000-0001-6472-3329; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.013 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 984PT UT WOS:000233317500009 PM 16105721 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE Larsen, M Terrill, TH AF Burke, JM Miller, JE Larsen, M Terrill, TH TI Interaction between copper oxide wire particles and Duddingtonia flagrans in lambs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper; Duddingtonia flagrans; Haemonchus contortus; lambs ID FREE-LIVING STAGES; NEMATODE PARASITES; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INFECTIVE LARVAE; UNITED-STATES; SHEEP AB An experiment was completed to determine if copper oxide wire particles (COWP) had any effect on the activity of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in growing lambs. COWP has been used recently as a dewormer in small ruminants because of nematode resistance to anthelmintics. D. flagrans has been used to control free-living stages of parasitic nematodes in livestock. Katahdin and Dorper lambs, 4 months of age, were administered no or 4 a COWP (it = 24/dose) in early October 2003. Haemonchus contortus was the predominant gastrointestinal parasite during the trial, which was acquired naturally from pasture. Half the lambs from each COWP group were supplemented with corn/soybean meal with or without D. flagrans for 35 days. Fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined weekly between days 0 (day of COWP administration) and 35. Feces from lambs in each treatment group were pooled and three replicates per group were cultured for 14 days at room temperature. Larvae (L3) were identified and counted per gram of feces cultured. Treatment with COWP was effective in decreasing FEC, which remained low compared with FEC from lambs not treated with COWP. This led to an increase in PCV in these lambs (COWP x day, P < 0.001). Number of larvae was decreased in feces from lambs treated with COWP and D. flagrans between days 14 and 35 compared to the other groups of lambs (COWP x D. flagrans x day, P < 0.003). Percentage of larvae identified as H. contortus decreased in feces collected from lambs treated with COWP and D. flagrans between days 14 and 28 compared with other treatments (COWP x D. flagrans x day, P < 0.05). Other trichostrongyles were present and remained less than 7% in feces collected from control lambs. There was no adverse effect of COWP on the ability of D. flagrans to trap residual larvae after COWP treatment. With fewer eggs being excreted due to the effect of copper on H. contortus, and the additional larval reducing effect exerted by the nematode destroying fungus D. flagrans, the expected result would be a much lower larval challenge on pasture when these two tools are used together in a sustainable control strategy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Sect Parasitol, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Ft Valley State Univ, Coll Agr, Home Econ & Allied Programs, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 25 PY 2005 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.06.018 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 984PT UT WOS:000233317500019 PM 16085365 ER PT J AU Harhay, GP Sonstegard, TS Keele, JW Heaton, MP Clawson, ML Snelling, WM Wiedmann, RT Van Tassell, CP Smith, TPL AF Harhay, GP Sonstegard, TS Keele, JW Heaton, MP Clawson, ML Snelling, WM Wiedmann, RT Van Tassell, CP Smith, TPL TI Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EUKARYOTIC MESSENGER-RNAS; TIGR GENE INDEXES; LENGTH CDNAS; ANNOTATION; COLLECTION; DATABASE; EST; IDENTIFICATION; GENOMES; REGIONS AB Background: Genome assemblies rely on the existence of transcript sequence to stitch together contigs, verify assembly of whole genome shotgun reads, and annotate genes. Functional genomics studies also rely on transcript sequence to create expression microarrays or interpret digital tag data produced by methods such as Serial Analysis of Gene Expression ( SAGE). Transcript sequence can be predicted based on reconstruction from overlapping expressed sequence tags ( EST) that are obtained by single-pass sequencing of random cDNA clones, but these reconstructions are prone to errors caused by alternative splice forms, transcripts from gene families with related sequences, and expressed pseudogenes. These errors confound genome assembly and annotation. The most useful transcript sequences are derived by complete insert sequencing of clones containing the entire length, or at least the full protein coding sequence (CDS) portion, of the source mRNA. While the bovine genome sequencing initiative is nearing completion, there is currently a paucity of bovine full-CDS mRNA and protein sequence data to support bovine genome assembly and functional genomics studies. Consequently, the production of high-quality bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences will enhance the bovine genome assembly and functional studies of bovine genes and gene products. The goal of this investigation was to identify and characterize the full-CDS sequences of bovine transcripts from clones identified in non-full-length enriched cDNA libraries. In contrast to several recent full-length cDNA investigations, these full-CDS cDNAs were selected, sequenced, and annotated without the benefit of the target organism's genomic sequence, by using comparison of bovine EST sequence to existing human mRNA to identify likely full-CDS clones for full-length insert cDNA (FLIC) sequencing. Results: The predicted bovine protein lengths, 5' UTR lengths, and Kozak consensus sequences from 954 bovine FLIC sequences (bFLICs; average length 1713 nt, representing 762 distinct loci) are all consistent with previously sequenced mammalian full-length transcripts. Conclusion: In most cases, the bFLICs span the entire CDS of the genes, providing the basis for creating predicted bovine protein sequences to support proteomics and comparative evolutionary research as well as functional genomics and genome annotation. The results demonstrate the utility of the comparative approach in obtaining predicted protein sequences in other species. C1 ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68901 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Harhay, GP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68901 USA. EM harhay@email.marc.usda.gov; tads@anri.barc.usda.gov; keele@email.marc.usda.gov; heaton@email.marc.usda.gov; clawson@email.marc.usda.gov; snelling@email.marc.usda.gov; wiedmann@email.marc.usda.gov; curtvt@anri.barc.usda.gov; smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 798 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 23 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 166 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 993QG UT WOS:000233969400001 PM 16305752 ER PT J AU Strom, A Francis, RC Mantua, NJ Miles, EL Peterson, DL AF Strom, A Francis, RC Mantua, NJ Miles, EL Peterson, DL TI Preserving low-frequency climate signals in growth records of geoduck clams (Panopea abrupta) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Science Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Geophys Union DE Mollusca; ocean temperature; Pacific Ocean; climate; paleoclimatology ID TIME-SERIES; PACIFIC; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB The capacity of geoduck clams (Panopea abrupta) to preserve detailed records of climatic change in their shells is limited primarily by longevity. Unlike the multi-centennial growth records commonly available from trees, shells rarely yield more than 160 years of data; consequently low-frequency signals may be lost when band width series are processed. Here we investigate use of `Regional Curve Standardization' (RCS) to preserve decadal to centennial-scale growth trends in the relatively short segment lengths available from individual clams. Advantages of this method over the more common `exponential' treatment are first explored through simulation experiments using sine waves embedded in geoduck growth curves. Both standardization methods are then used to remove biological trends from growth records of geoduck shells sampled near Protection Island, in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The resulting chronologies are compared in terms of their spectral properties, their correlations with historical air temperature records and their agreement with historical observations of the marine environment. Simulation experiments illustrated the potential benefits of using the RCS growth model to standardize shell growth series, but empirical results were inconclusive. The RCS chronology exhibited enhanced spectral power at periods exceeding the length of growth segments, and provided stronger correlation with coastal air-temperature records, especially during the earliest portion of the chronology. Over the full period of comparison, however, the correlation coefficients were essentially identical. Observational data from the mid to late 1800s appears to support the RCS results. Northward range expansions of several marine fish species coincide with a period of conspicuously high values in the RCS chronology, and suggest that the coastal ocean was unusually warm along western North America from the 1850s through the 1870s. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 WDFW Point Whitney Shellfish Lab, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, JISAO, SMA, Climat Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP WDFW Point Whitney Shellfish Lab, 1000 Point Whitney Rd, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. EM stromas@dfw.wa.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 228 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.048 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 986VX UT WOS:000233478900012 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JL Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Brayton, KA AF Rodriguez, JL Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Brayton, KA TI Distinctly different msp2 pseudogene repertoires in Anaplasma marginale strains that are capable of superinfection SO GENE LA English DT Article DE major surface protein; msp1 alpha; outer membrane protein ID MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; GENE CONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; RICKETTSEMIA; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; VARIANTS; CATTLE; GENOME AB Lifelong persistent infection of cattle is a hallmark of the tick transmitted pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Antigenic variation of Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) plays an important role in evasion of the host immune response to allow persistence. Antigenic variation of MSP2 is achieved by gene conversion of pseudogenes into the single operon linked expression site and the diversity of variants is defined by the pseudogene repertoire. Once an animal is persistently infected with one strain of A. marginale, infection with a second strain (superinfection) is rare. However, we recently detected animals superinfected with different strains of A. marginale and hypothesized that the msp2 pseudogene repertoire would be distinct in these superinfecting strains, consistent with encoding different sets of surface variants. Five strains of A. marginale were selected in order to identify and compare msp2 pseudogene content; these included strains with similar and different msp1 alpha genotypes, and genotypes that were representative of the strains that were found in the superinfected animals. Southern blot analysis of strains associated with superinfection revealed distinctly different msp2 banding patterns, in contrast to a pattern suggesting identical pseudogene content among related strains not associated with superinfection. Indeed, targeted sequence analysis of msp2 pseudogenes showed identical pseudogene repertoires in genotypically closely related strains and varying amounts of dissimilarity in the pseudogene repertoire in strains with distinctly different msp1 alpha genotypes, but totally different msp2 pseudogene repertoires between the strains that were found in superinfected animals. This finding supports the hypothesis that the occurrence of superinfection reflects the differences in the msp2 repertoire and corresponding diversity of variants. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brayton, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kbrayton@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44005, R01 AI45580] NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 361 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.038 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 984IJ UT WOS:000233296200011 PM 16202540 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, A Guard, CL Njaa, BL McDonagh, PL Schultz, CA Warnick, LD White, ME AF Rosenbaum, A Guard, CL Njaa, BL McDonagh, PL Schultz, CA Warnick, LD White, ME TI Slaughterhouse survey of pyelonephritis in dairy cows SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID CORYNEBACTERIUM-RENALE; CYSTITIDIS; PILOSUM; DISEASE AB Twenty-one rejected kidneys from 2426 slaughtered dairy cows (0-87 per cent) had gross signs of pyelonephritis that were confirmed by histopathology. in all the kidneys the findings were consistent with a chronic rather than an acute infection. One species of bacteria was cultured from 12 of the kidneys and two species of bacteria were cultured from six. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, from eight kidneys, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, from seven kidneys and Corynebacterium, renale, from five kidneys. The other bacteria cultured were Corynebacterium cystitidis, Corynebacterium species, Streptococcus species group G and Enterococcus faecalis. E coli was cultured from all the kidneys from which two species were isolated; the accompanying bacteria were A pyogenes in three kidneys, C renale in two and C cystitidis in one. No bacteria were cultured from two of the kidneys and no significant bacteria were cultured from another. The kidneys with pyelonephritis were slightly larger than a comparison group of 72 kidneys without nephritis. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Wyalusing, PA 18853 USA. RP Rosenbaum, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 157 IS 21 BP 652 EP 655 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 986TH UT WOS:000233472100013 PM 16299366 ER PT J AU Rothberg, PG Vargas, RL Fallone, E Andersen, AA Felgar, RE AF Rothberg, PG Vargas, RL Fallone, E Andersen, AA Felgar, RE TI Is there an association between ocular adnexal lymphoma and Chlamydia psittaci infection? The University of Rochester experience SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Rochester, Pathol & Lab Med, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 998 BP 293A EP 293A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426001467 ER PT J AU Park, BS Kim, JG Kim, MR Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Oh, KB Kim, JH AF Park, BS Kim, JG Kim, MR Lee, SE Takeoka, GR Oh, KB Kim, JH TI Curcuma longa L. constituents inhibit sortase A and staphylococcus aureus cell adhesion to fibronectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Curcuma longa L.; curcumin; Staphylococcus aureus; sortase inhibitory activity; sortase A; antibacterial activity; fibronectin-binding activity; curcuminoids ID PROTEIN ANCHORING TRANSPEPTIDASE; WALL SORTING REACTION; SURFACE-PROTEINS; CURCUMINOIDS; TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN; PATHOGENESIS; VIRULENCE; RECEPTOR; ANALOGS; TARGET AB The inhibitory activity of Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome constituents against sortase A, a bacterial surface protein anchoring transpeptidase, from Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p was evaluated. The activity of the isolated compounds (1-4) was compared to that of the positive control, p-hydroxymecuribenzoic acid (pHMB). The biologically active components of C. longa rhizome were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as the curcuminoids curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (3). Curcumin was a potent inhibitor of sortase A, with an IC50 value of 13.8 +/- 0.7 mu g/mL. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (IC50 = 31.9 +/- 1.2 mu g/mL) and demethoxycurcumin (IC50 = 23.8 +/- 0.6 mu g/mL) were more effective than pHMB (IC50 = 40.6 +/- 1.2 mu g/mL). The three isolated compounds (1-3) showed no growth inhibitory activity against S. aureus strain Newman, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) greater than 200 mu g/mL. Curcumin also exhibited potent inhibitory activity against S. aureus cell adhesion to fibronectin. The suppression of fibronectin-binding activity by curcumin highlights its potential for the treatment of S. aureus infections via inhibition of sortase activity. These results indicate that curcumin is a possible candidate in the development of a bacterial sortase A inhibitor. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Agr Biomat, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM kjh2404@snu.ac.kr OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9005 EP 9009 DI 10.1021/jf051765z PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 984LP UT WOS:000233306700020 PM 16277395 ER EF