FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nakawatase, JM Peterson, DL AF Nakawatase, JM Peterson, DL TI Spatial variability in forest growth - climate relationships in the Olympic Mountains, Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FIR; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RADIAL GROWTH; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA; UNITED-STATES; TREE GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ELEVATION; USA AB For many Pacific Northwest forests, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability in tree growth climate relationships, yet it is this information that is needed to predict how forests will respond to future climatic change. We studied the effects of climatic variability on forest growth at 74 plots in the western and northeastern Olympic Mountains. Basal area increment time series were developed for each plot, and Pearson's correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to quantify growth-climate relationships. Forest growth in the Olympic Mountains responds to climatic variability as a function of mean climate and elevation. Low summer moisture limits growth across all elevations in the dry northeastern Olympics. Growth at low elevations in the wet western Olympics is associated with phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and with summer temperature. Heavy winter snowpack limits growth at high elevations in the western Olympics. In the warmer greenhouse climate predicted for the Olympic Mountains, productivity at high elevations of the western Olympics will likely increase, whereas productivity at high elevations in the northeastern region and potentially in low elevations of the western region will likely decrease. This information can be used to develop adaptive management strategies to prepare for the effects of future climate on these forests. Because growth-climate relationships on the Olympic Peninsula vary at relatively small spatial scales, those relationships may assist modeling and other efforts to provide more accurate predictions at local to regional scales. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM peterson@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1139/X05-224 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800007 ER PT J AU Holman, ML Peterson, DL AF Holman, ML Peterson, DL TI Spatial and temporal variability in forest growth in the Olympic Mountains, Washington: sensitivity to climatic variability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FIR; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; SITKA SPRUCE; PATTERNS; TRENDS; USA; TEMPERATURE; LIMITATION AB We compared annual basal area increment (BAI) at different spatial scales among all size classes and species at diverse locations in the wet western and dry northeastern Olympic Mountains. Weak growth correlations at small spatial scales (average R = 0.084-0.406) suggest that trees are responding to local growth conditions. However, significant positive growth correlations between geographically adjacent forest types (R = 0.440-0.852) and between watersheds (R = 0.430) indicate that there is a common overarching growth-limiting factor (e.g., climate) that affects tree growth over large areas. The Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere) forest type is the most sensitive to environmental change with the highest mean sensitivity (0.345), the highest potential for annual growth change (mean BAI = 0.0047 m(2)), and the highest growth variability (coefficient of variation = 0.498). In addition, this forest type is most likely to exhibit extreme positive growth responses (4.2% of years have BAI values 2 standard deviations above the mean). Low-elevation coniferous forests are relatively sensitive to changes in growth-limiting factors (in contrast to the traditional view) and may play an important role in storing carbon in a warmer climate. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Holman, ML (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 410 N 4th St, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. EM mholmian@tnc.org NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1139/X05-225 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800008 ER PT J AU Ludovici, KH Kress, LW AF Ludovici, KH Kress, LW TI Decomposition and nutrient release from fresh and dried pine roots under two fertilizer regimes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FINE ROOTS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MASS-LOSS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; ADDITIONS; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB Root decomposition and nutrient release are typically estimated from dried root tissues; however, it is unlikely that roots dehydrate prior to decomposing. Soil fertility and root diameter may also affect the rate of decomposition. This study monitored mass loss and nutrient concentrations of dried and fresh roots of two size classes (< 2 and 2-5 mm) over a 12-month period in fertilized and control plots in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Nutrient content was calculated and used to assess the effects of fertilization, root size, and initial condition (hydration) on nutrient release rates. Roots that grew and decomposed in fertilized plots had higher concentrations and greater total release of N, P, K, and Mg than roots in control plots, but C concentrations and mass loss rate were not significantly different between roots in fertilized plots and those in control plots. Very fine roots (< 2 mm) had higher concentrations of N, P, and Ca and faster release rates for C, N, and K than fine roots (2-5 mm), resulting in greater total release of C and N. Roots dried prior to decomposition decayed and released C, K, Ca, and Mg at a faster rate than fresh roots. Results indicate that using dried root tissues will overestimate fine root decomposition and nutrient cycling rates. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ludovici, KH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kludovici@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1139/X05-227 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800009 ER PT J AU Lazarus, BE Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ DeHayes, DH AF Lazarus, BE Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ DeHayes, DH TI Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CALCIUM; TERM OZONE EXPOSURE; PICEA-RUBENS SARG; COLD TOLERANCE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; MINERAL-NUTRITION; FIR FORESTS; ACID MIST AB Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) winter injury is caused by freezing damage that results in the abscission of the most recent foliar age-class. Injury was widespread and severe in the northeastern United States in 2003 and was assessed at Multiple elevations at 23 sites in Vermont and adjacent states. This paper presents a spatial analysis of these injury assessments. Relationships between winter injury on dominant and codominant spruce trees and elevation, latitude, longitude, slope, and aspect were investigated with least squares regression and geographically weighted regression. Results of these analyses indicate that injury increased (1) with elevation; (2) from east to west; (3) with the degree to which plots faced west, except at the highest elevations, where injury was uniformly severe; (4) with increases in slope steepness at higher elevations, or with decreases in slope steepness at lower elevations; and (5) with the degree to which plots faced south, except at the highest elevations in northern locations, where injury was uniformly severe. Because injury was greater in areas that have historically received higher levels of acid and nitrogen deposition - western portions of the study region, west-facing slopes, and higher elevations - observed patterns of injury support the hypothesis that acidic and (or) nitrogen deposition act on a landscape scale to exacerbate winter injury. Greater injury on south-facing slopes suggests that sun exposure exacerbates injury or its expression. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us NR 50 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1139/X05-236 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800013 ER PT J AU Innes, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Leak, WB Barrett, JP AF Innes, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Leak, WB Barrett, JP TI Size-density metrics, leaf area, and productivity in eastern white pine (vol 35, pg 2469, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Innes, JC (reprint author), Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd St,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jcinnes2@yahoo.com RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 262 EP 262 DI 10.1139/X05-302 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800024 ER PT J AU Velusamy, P Immanuel, JE Gnanamanickam, SS Thomashow, L AF Velusamy, P Immanuel, JE Gnanamanickam, SS Thomashow, L TI Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plant-associated bacteria producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; Pseudomonas fluorescens; rice; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS Q2-87; ANTIBIOTIC 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; BIOCONTROL; BIOSYNTHESIS; RHIZOSPHERE; DISEASES; STRAIN; SUPPRESSION; PATHOGENS; PYTHIUM AB Certain plant-associated strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are known to produce the antimicrobial antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). It has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihelminthic properties and has played a significant role in the biological control of tobacco, wheat, and sugar beet diseases. It has never been reported from India and has not been implicated in the biological suppression of a major disease of the rice crop. Here, we report that a subpopulation of 27 strains of plant-associated Pseudomonas fluorescens screened in a batch of 278 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads produced DAPG. The DAPG production was detected by a PCR-based screening method that used primers Phl2a and Phl2b and amplified a 745-bp fragment characteristic of DAPG. HPLC, H-1 NMR, and IR analyses provided further evidence for its production. We report also that this compound inhibited the growth of the devastating rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in laboratory assays and suppressed rice bacterial blight up to 59%-64% in net-house and field experiments. Tn5 mutants defective in DAPG production (Phl(-)) of P. fluorescens PTB 9 were much less effective in their suppression of rice bacterial blight. C1 Univ Madras, Ctr Adv Studies Bot, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gnanamanickam, SS (reprint author), Univ Madras, Ctr Adv Studies Bot, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. EM gmanick@vsnl.com OI Velusamy, Palaniayndi/0000-0002-2481-7782; Velusamy, Palaniyandi/0000-0002-9238-7390 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1139/W05-106 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 027BK UT WOS:000236388500007 PM 16541159 ER PT J AU Clear, RM Patrick, SK Gaba, D Roscoe, M Turkington, TK Demeke, T Pouleur, S Couture, L Ward, TJ O'Donnell, K AF Clear, R. M. Patrick, S. K. Gaba, D. Roscoe, M. Turkington, T. K. Demeke, T. Pouleur, S. Couture, L. Ward, T. J. O'Donnell, K. TI Trichothecene and zearalenone production, in culture, by isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum from western Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium pseudograminearum; wheat; mycotoxins; detection methods; trichothecenes; zearalenone; deoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol; nivalenol; fusarenon X ID F-PSEUDOGRAMINEARUM; ROSEUM GRAMINEARUM; WHEAT; DEOXYNIVALENOL; CULMORUM; CEREALS; ASSAYS AB One hundred and twenty-seven isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum were obtained from seeds and vegetativeparts of cereals and other gramineae grown in western Canada. Culture of the isolates on agar selective for Fusarium graminearum allowed a successful differentiation from E graminearum. Sterilized rice (40% moisture content) was inoculated with a single germinated spore of isolates identified as E pseudograminearum and was incubated at 23 degrees C. After 14 days of incubation, mycelium was taken from each culture, and the DNA was extracted to detect the tri5 gene by polymerase chain reaction analysis and confirm the species identity. After 21 days of incubation, mycotoxins were quantified in dried rice. All isolates contained the tri5 gene. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was produced in 125 of the 127 isolates, 3-acetyldeoxynivatenol (3-ADON) in 122 isolates, 15-acetyideoxynivalenol (15-ADON) in 2 isolates, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in 17 isolates, and zearalenone in 100 isolates; both nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon X (FX) were detected in I isolate. There appears to be three chemotypes: DON-3-ADON, DON-15-ADON, and NIV. Neither of the two 15-ADON producers or the NIV producer formed DAS. This is the first time that the production of DAS and FX is associated with E pseudograminearum. None of the isolates produced HT-2 toxin or T-2 toxin at detectable levels. C1 Canadian Grain Commiss, Grain Res Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. AAFC, Soils & Crops Res & Dev Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Clear, RM (reprint author), Canadian Grain Commiss, Grain Res Lab, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada. EM rclear@grainscanada.gc.ca NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0706-0661 EI 1715-2992 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053ZV UT WOS:000238345900014 ER PT J AU Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE AF Li, YH Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Fare, DC Spiers, JM Copes, WE TI Development of Erysiphe pulchra, the causal agent of powdery mildew, on leaf disks of susceptible and resistant flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE resistance; dogwood; Cornus florida; resistance; Erysiphe pulchra; Microsphaera pulchra ID SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; COMPONENTS; INFECTION; GENETICS; MELON AB Understanding the relative contribution of the different resistance components is necessary to develop selection schemes and accelerate resistant-cultivar development. This study was conducted to investigate spore germination, infection-structure formation, and fungal development of Erysiphe pulchra, the causal agent of powdery mildew, on leaf disks of six cultivars or lines of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) with different levels of resistance. The cultivars and lines tested were grouped into the following three resistance categories: highly susceptible ('Cherokee Daybreak' and MW 94-60), moderately susceptible ('Cherokee Princess' and MW 95-25), and resistant ('Cherokee Brave' and 'Karen's Appalachian Blush'). Percentages of spore germination and secondary-appressoria formation were not significantly different among the cultivars and lines. Significantly less percent germinated conidia with branched hyphae were observed on resistant cultivars than on the moderately susceptible cultivar or line, which was less than on the highly susceptible cultivar or line. Infection efficiencies were significantly different among cultivars and lines in the three resistance categories, except that there were no differences between 'Cherokee Princess' and the resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars supported shorter latent periods than moderately and highly susceptible cultivars or lines, but no differences in latent period were detected between the later two resistance categories. The recently released 'Karen's Appalachian Blush' expressed higher levels of resistance to powdery mildew than did 'Cherokee Brave', as indicated by the longer latent period and reduced relative sporulation of the pathogen. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Windham, MT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwindham@utk.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053ZV UT WOS:000238345900007 ER PT J AU Olanya, OM Ojiambo, PS Nyankanga, RO AF Olanya, OM Ojiambo, PS Nyankanga, RO TI Dynamics of development of late blight [Phytophthora infestans] in potato, and comparative resistance of cultivars in the highland tropics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE infection rates; Phytophthora infestans; population A; population B; resistance; potato; highland tropics; Kenya ID TUBERS; UGANDA; KENYA; INFECTION; DISEASE; CLONES; MONT.; BARY AB Host resistance is an important component for the management of late blight [Phytophthora infestans] on potato, in the highland tropics, where effective fungicide use is limited because of the cost of application. Potato cultivars with major resistance genes to late blight (population A) and minor or quantitative resistance genes to the disease (population B) were evaluated in field studies at two locations in Kenya during 2000, 2001, and 2002 cropping seasons. Disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), infection rates, tuber blight, and tuber yields were assessed to determine the effectiveness of cultivar resistance to potato late blight. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in AUDPC were detected among cultivars. Progress of late blight on potato cultivars was best described by the nonlinear form of the logistic model. Infection rates ranged from 0.0047 to 0.3105 logits per day and were generally higher on susceptible than resistant cultivars. Rates of disease progress were highest on the susceptible control 'Kerr's Pink' (0.3015 logits per day) and lowest on 'Rutuku' (0.0047 logits per day), a cultivar derived from population A. The rates of disease progress on population B cultivars were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those on population A in seasons of severe late-blight epidemics. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in tuber blight development were also detected among the cultivars. Significant negative correlations were observed between AUDPC and tuber yield for cultivars of population A, but no correlations were observed for cultivars of population B. This suggests that cultivars of population B are less influenced in their yield by late blight than those of population A and may be more suited for use where late blight is a recurring problem. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto@maine.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 053ZV UT WOS:000238345900009 ER PT J AU Sniezko, RA AF Sniezko, RA TI Resistance breeding against nonnative pathogens in forest trees - current successes in North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN 13-16, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Canadian Phytopathol Soc DE resistance breeding; forest trees; blister rust; Phytophthora lateralis ID PINE-BLISTER RUST; WESTERN WHITE-PINE; PORT-ORFORD-CEDAR; CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENE; VIRULENCE; PHYTOPHTHORA; POPULATIONS AB Normative invasive pathogens have decimated North American forests for over 100 years, and additional pathogens continue to arrive. These pathogens are destined to be permanent fixtures in the ecosystem. In many cases, management activities have been unsuccessful in slowing the spread of these pathogens or in restoring forests. Genetic resistance potentially provides an invaluable management tool for restoring these species or using them in plantations. Although native tree species are highly susceptible to some normative pathogens, a low frequency of resistance is present in even those North American host species most affected. Classical breeding methods can produce genetically diverse and resistant populations for reforestation or restoration of natural forests. However, any operational program for developing resistant populations of forest trees must contend with relatively long generation times, as well as the long-lived nature of trees and the potential of the pathogen to evolve. Western white pine (Pinus monticola), Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), American chestnut (Castanea dentata), and American elm (Ulmus americana) are examples of species for which there are successful breeding programs for disease resistance. Examples from these species, with a particular focus on western white pine and white pine blister rust [Cronartium ribicola] resistance, will be used to illustrate some of the successes in operational programs, as well as to discuss some of the research needs and current unknowns in developing durable resistance. Some of these programs have been ongoing for 50 years, while the Port-Orford-cedar program began only in the last decade. Resistant seedlings from several programs are now being used in reforestation and restoration. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. RP Sniezko, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, 34963 Shoreview Rd, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. EM rsniezko@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PY 2006 VL 28 SU S BP S270 EP S279 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 045KT UT WOS:000237741700028 ER PT J AU Huang, LP Kirschke, CP Zhang, YF AF Huang, Liping Kirschke, Catherine P. Zhang, Yunfan TI Decreased intracellular zinc in human tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells: a possible role in prostate cancer progression SO CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE; UPTAKE TRANSPORTER; SEMINAL PLASMA; INFERTILE MEN; HUMAN ZIP1; EXPRESSION; FAMILY; RAT AB Background: Zinc plays important roles in maintaining normal function of the prostate and in development of prostate malignancy. It has been demonstrated that prostate malignant epithelial cells contain much less cellular zinc than the surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the pathway(s) which leads to lower zinc accumulation in malignant prostate epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, the zinc homeostatic features of two human prostate epithelial cell lines (non-tumorigenic, RWPE1, and tumorigenic, RWPE2) were investigated. Effects of over-expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also studied. Results: RWPE2 accumulated less intracellular zinc than RWPE1 due to the decreased zinc uptake activity. The mRNA expression of ZIP1 and ZIP3 in RWPE1 and RWPE2 was comparable. However, the protein expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 was lower than that in RWPE1. ZIP3 was detected in a lysosomal compartment of RWPE2 while no ZIP3 was detected in the same compartment of RWPE1. Over-expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 resulted in an elevation of intracellular zinc concentration and suppression of cell growth of RWPE2 due to the increased apoptosis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells accumulated less intracellular zinc than non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. The reduction in capacity for accumulation of intracellular zinc in tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells may be caused by the decrease in the ZIP1 protein expression and the intracellular redistribution of ZIP3 in RWPE2. RWPE1 and RWPE2 are excellent cellular models to study the association of intracellular zinc levels with prostate cancer progression. C1 [Huang, Liping; Kirschke, Catherine P.] ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. [Huang, Liping; Zhang, Yunfan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhang, Yunfan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Detroit, MI USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. EM lhuang@whnrc.usda.gov; ckirschk@whnrc.usda.gov; yunfanzhang@yahoo.com FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS-5306-515-30-014-00D]; NIH [P60MD00222] FX We specially thank Dr. Shannon Kelleher, Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, for giving a chicken anti-ZIP1 and a rabbit anti-ZIP3 antibodies and Erik Gertz, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, for carrying out nitric acid digestion of cells and performing a Vista AX Simultaneous ICP-AES (Varian) instrument. We thank Dr. Lei Zhang for stimulating discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Grant: CRIS-5306-515-30-014-00D and NIH grant P60MD00222. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2867 J9 CANCER CELL INT JI Cancer Cell Int. PY 2006 VL 6 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1475-2867-6-10 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V24IV UT WOS:000208405000010 PM 16579854 ER PT J AU Oswalt, SN Brandeis, TJ Dimick, BP AF Oswalt, SN Brandeis, TJ Dimick, BP TI Phytosociology of vascular plants on an international biosphere reserve: Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caribbean forest vegetation; disturbance; introduced species; inventory and monitoring; phytosociology; Virgin Islands National Park ID PUERTO-RICO; TROPICAL FORESTS; INDICATOR; PATTERNS; LAND AB We investigated the relationships of vegetation communities to environmental variables and compared the relative contribution of native and introduced species in extant forest communities on St. John, US Virgin Islands, using an island-wide forest vegetation inventory and monitoring network of permanent plots. We detected 2,415 individuals of 203 species, 5 percent of which were introduced. Cluster analysis, Indicator Species Analysis, and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination detected four broad species communities divided primarily by moisture and disturbance gradients. Group 1 was characterized by rocky, low-to-mid elevation dry scrub forest on soils with fairly low soil nutrient content; Group 2 was distinguished by low soil nutrient content, high-elevation moist basin forests on steep slopes; Group 3 was indicative of disturbed communities on a wide range of elevations with gentle or no slope across a range of soil types; and Group 4 represented mid-elevation moist forests across a range of steep slopes on nutrient-rich soils. Though introduced species are present and widespread on the island, they do not appear to be dominating most plant communities. Exceptions may be those communities with long-standing histories of human disturbance. Achieving an adequate sample of forest types of limited extent or linear spatial patterns such as mangroves and gallery moist forests is difficult with a systematic design. Future sampling should consider some form of stratification targeting these under-sampled forest types. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Oswalt, SN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM soswalt@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058OI UT WOS:000238673900006 ER PT J AU Francis, JK Parrotta, JA AF Francis, John K. Parrotta, John A. TI Vegetation response to grazing and planting of Leucaena leucocephala in a Urochloa maximum-dominated grassland in Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest restoration; dry forests; floristic biodiversity; grazing; natural regeneration; reforestation ID FOREST REGENERATION; RESTORATION AB A considerable portion of the former dry and dry-transition-to-moist forests of Puerto Rico dominated by Bucida buceras L. was transformed by land clearing and periodic fires to tall grasslands dominated by Urochloa maximum Jacq. and savannas with scattered small trees and shrubs. These communities, maintained by fires, are relatively stable and difficult to reforest. A study was carried out to test whether natural recolonization of forest species might be accelerated by excluding grazing livestock or by planting trees to facilitate natural succession. Experimental treatments included grazing exclusion and planting of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (giant variety) at 2 x 2 m and 4 x 4 m, as well as an unprotected control. Tree growth, herbaceous aboveground biomass, and floristic diversity were monitored in experimental plots for 6 years. Floristic diversity (principally weedy species) increased during the first 3 years in grazed plots but decreased thereafter; biodiversity in grazing-protected plots decreased steadily over time. Herbaceous biomass remained fairly constant in grazed plots, increased gradually in protected plots, and decreased precipitously in planted plots after tree basal area surpassed 8 m(2)/ha. The results of this study suggest that while the suppression of dominant grasses, either by controlled grazing or shading by planted trees can facilitate regeneration of native dry forest plant species, this process is both slow and uncertain on highly degraded sites, and likely to require decades before natural succession processes result in vegetation structure and species composition resembling that of native dry forest stands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Parrotta, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 4th Floor RP-C,1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM jparrotta@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 058OI UT WOS:000238673900007 ER PT J AU Nieves-Rivera, AM Aime, MC AF Nieves-Rivera, Angel M. Aime, Mary Catherine TI Montanegra arenaria (Agaricaeceae, Basiodiomyocota), a new record for Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Montagnea; Agaricales; basidiomycetes; desert gasteromycete; xeric forest; West Indies; Caribbean AB The euagaric Montagnea arenaria (Basidiomycota) is reported from a dry region of southwestern Puerto Rico. This is a new record for Puerto Rico, and only the second record of this fungus in the Caribbean. The Puerto Rican material is completely described and illustrated, and a brief taxonomic discussion provided. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nieves-Rivera, AM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, POB 9013, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. EM anieves@coqui.net NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 140KM UT WOS:000244503800010 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G AF Gonzalez, Grizelle TI Earthworms as invasive species in Latin America - the 2nd Latin American meeting on Oligochaeta (Earthworm) ecology and taxonomy SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 160JY UT WOS:000245937900001 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Abelleira, OJ Borges, S Colon, LJ Melendez, S Rodriguez, MA AF Lugo, Ariel E. Abelleira, Oscar J. Borges, Sonia Colon, Lauren J. Melendez, Syndi Rodriguez, Mariela A. TI Preliminary estimate of earthworm abundance and species richness in Spathodea campanulata Beauv. forests in northern Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Latin American Meeting on Oligochaeta (Earthworm) Ecology and Taxonomy CY NOV 14-18, 2005 CL San Juan, PR DE alien species; earthworms; alluvial forests; karst forests; Spathodea campanulata; Puerto Rico; land cover change ID ABANDONED TROPICAL PASTURES AB The alien tree species Spathodea campanulata forms monodominant stands in abandoned agricultural lands in Puerto Rico. In July 2005, we excavated three replicate randomly located soil pits (25 by 25 by 30 cm) in each of six stands of Spathodea. Three of the stands were located in the moist alluvial geoclimatic zone and three were in the moist karst geoclimatic zone, all in the north coast of Puerto Rico. We examined all the soil by hand, sampled, and counted all the earthworms, determined their fresh weight, and identified them to species. Earthworms were absent from all nine pits in the karst forest. Earthworm density in the alluvial forest averaged 84/m(2) or 279/m(3), representing an earthworm fresh weight of 47 g/m(2) or 157 g/m(3). Four species of earthworms were present in our sampling: Onychochaeta borincana, Pontoscolex spiralis, P. cynthiae, and P. corethrurus. Of these, P. corethrurus is an alien, and the other three are native species. Pontoscolex spiralis usually lives in wet conditions, while O. borincana and P. corethrurus are indicators of disturbed conditions. The density and biomass of earthworms in the alluvial forest are comparable to density and biomass in other Puerto Rican forests. The absence of earthworms in the same kinds of stands in karst forests may imply either a clumped distribution of earthworms in those forests or else the animals were located deeper in the soil profile. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, High Sch, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Juam Quirindongo Morell High Sch, Vega Baja, PR USA. Luis Munoz Marin High Sch, Barranquitas, PR USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 160JY UT WOS:000245937900007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Espinosa, E Liu, ZG Zou, XM AF Gonzalez, Grizelle Espinosa, Elianid Liu, Zhigang Zou, Xiaoming TI A fluorescent marking and re-count technique using the invasive earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus (Annelida : Oligochaeta) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Latin American Meeting on Oligochaeta (Earthworm) Ecology and Taxonomy CY NOV 14-18, 2005 CL San Juan, PR DE Pontoscolex corethrurus; earthworms; exotic; invasion; tropics; Puerto Rico; fluorescent; mark and recapture; re-count ID ABANDONED TROPICAL PASTURES; SECONDARY FORESTS; HUMID TROPICS; PUERTO-RICO; GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE; ABUNDANCE; SOILS; TAGS AB We used a fluorescence technique to mark and re-count the invasive earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus from PVC tubes established in a forest and a recently abandoned pasture in Puerto Rico to test the effects of the labeling treatment on earthworm population survival over time. A fluorescent marker was injected into the earthworms in the middle third section of the body, between inside and outside walls. Five labeled juveniles and two unlabeled adults of P. corethrurus were incubated in the PVC tubes under field conditions and retrieved after 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks (labeled population; four PVC tubes harvested per date and site for a total of 32 tubes). Concurrently, an additional set of 8 PVC tubes contained five unlabeled juveniles and two unlabeled adults each of P. corethrurus (unlabeled population) was established in each site (forest and pasture; 16 tubes total) to compare the percent remaining of worms in tubes containing labeled and unlabeled populations after 2 and 16 weeks (4 replicates per date). We found that (1) the fluorescent marker was still present in the earthworm tissue after four months, (2) the percent remaining of the total earthworm population was not significantly different between the forest and pasture sites, and (3) thirty percent of the labeled worms were lost after 2 weeks, but the population remained stable between week two and four of the experiment. Our results suggest that fluorescent markers can be a useful tool for carrying out short term mark and re-count studies of earthworms. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Inst Trop Forestry, Jardin Botan Sur,1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 160JY UT WOS:000245937900012 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Gonzalez, G Hendrix, PF AF Huang, Ching-Yu Gonzalez, Grizelle Hendrix, Paul F. TI The re-colonization ability of a native earthworm, Estherella spp., in forests and pastures in Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Latin American Meeting on Oligochaeta (Earthworm) Ecology and Taxonomy CY NOV 14-18, 2005 CL San Juan, PR DE exotic earthworm; invasion; Puerto Rico; soil aggregation; succession; survivorship; tropics ID ABANDONED TROPICAL PASTURES; LAND-USE HISTORY; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SOIL; CARBON; CASTS; AGROECOSYSTEM; MOUNTAINS; RECOVERY; RESIDUES AB Populations of some native earthworm species are decreasing or disappearing due to human activities like habitat disturbance and introduction of exotic earthworms. Habitat disturbance can cause changes in soil physical structure and nutrient cycling, which may reduce native earthworm populations prior to the invasion of exotic earthworms. Our purpose was 1) to investigate habitat disturbance as a key process in the decline or extirpation of native earthworms, and 2) to measure the ability of native earthworms to re-colonize disturbed areas. We hypothesized that habitat disturbance will reduce the population of native earthworms and impede their re-colonization in those perturbed areas. We set up 48 soil mesocosms in three field sites representing different degrees of disturbance (abandoned pasture, young and mature forests) in the Cayey Mountains of Puerto Rico. Three individuals of the native earthworm, Estherella spp., were inoculated into each soil core to evaluate their re-colonization ability by measuring survivorship, growth rates and reproduction. We found that, in the absence of exotic earthworm species, the survivorship and growth rates of Estherella spp. in the pasture was not significantly different than that from young and mature forests during the first six months of re-colonization process. Our results suggest that habitat disturbance (changes in vegetation and soil properties) may not have significant influences on native earthworm (Estherella spp.) populations. We propose that biotic factors, such as competitive exclusion of native earthworms by exotic earthworms, may have considerable effects on retarding their re-colonization and/or causing the disappearance of native earthworm population in disturbed areas. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM chingyu@uga.edu OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 386 EP 396 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 160JY UT WOS:000245937900014 ER PT S AU Palmer, GH Futse, JE Knowles, DP Brayton, KA AF Palmer, Guy H. Futse, James E. Knowles, Donald P., Jr. Brayton, Kelly A. BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale SO CENTURY OF RICKETTSIOLOGY: EMERGING, REEMERGING RICKETTSIOSES, MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, AND EMERGING VETERINARY RICKETTSIOSES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Anaplasma; A. marginale; antigenic variation; immune evasion; gene conversion; functional supergenes ID EHRLICHIA-PHAGOCYTOPHILA INFECTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GENE CONVERSION; CYCLIC RICKETTSEMIA; T-LYMPHOCYTE; PERSISTENCE; TRANSMISSION; SURFACE; EXPRESSION; MSP2 AB Persistence of Anaplasina spp. in the animal reservoir host is required for efficient tick-borne transmission of these pathogens to animals and humans. Using A. marginale infection of its natural reservoir host as a model, persistent infection has been shown to reflect sequential cycles in which antigenic variants emerge, replicate, and are controlled by the immune system. Variation in the immunodominant outer-membrane protein MSP2 is generated by a process of gene conversion, in which unique hypervariable region sequences (HVRs) located in pseudogenes are recombined into a single operon-linked msp2 expression site. Although organisms expressing whole HVRs derived from pseudogenes emerge early in infection, long-term persistent infection is dependent on the generation of complex mosaics in which segments from different HVRs recombine into the expression site. The resulting combinatorial diversity generates the number of variants both predicted and shown to emerge during persistence. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palmer, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gpalmer@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI44005, AI45580] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-639-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1078 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1196/annals.1374.002 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFP43 UT WOS:000243594400002 PM 17114676 ER PT J AU Fuerst, EP Anderson, JV Morris, CF AF Fuerst, EP Anderson, JV Morris, CF TI Polyphenol oxidase in wheat grain: Whole kernel and bran assays for total and soluble activity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MILLING FRACTIONS; SEED ASSAY; COMMON; FLOUR; DETERGENTS; ACTIVATION; EXTRACTION; CULTIVARS; COLOR; DURUM AB Color is a key quality trait of wheat products, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is implicated as playing a significant role in darkening and discoloration. In this study, total and soluble PPO activities were characterized in whole kernel assays and bran extracts. In whole kernel assays similar to AACC Approved Method 22-85. four wheat cultivars were ranked the same for both total and soluble (leached) PPO activity with L-DOPA (diphenol) as the substrate. Total kernel PPO activity was much greater than soluble PPO activity in three hexaploid wheat cultivars, indicating that insoluble PPO was the major contributor to kernel PPO measurements. Tyrosine (monophenol) was an excellent PPO substrate in kernel assays as expected but had no activity as a substrate for soluble PPO. However, soluble PPO activity with tyrosine was activated by the addition of the diphenols chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. When PPO was assayed in homogenized bran, 89-95% of total PPO activity remained insoluble, associated with the bran particles, The kernel assay detected <2% of PPO measured in an equivalent amount of homogenized bran. However. total PPO activity was 2-fold higher in Klasic than in ID377s. both when measured in the kernel assay and in homogenized bran, indicating that the kernel assay, was an accurate predictor of relative total extracted PPO activity in these two cultivars, Adding detergents (0.1% SDS plus 0.2% NP-40) to the bran extraction buffer increased both soluble and insoluble PPO activity, Results indicate that relative PPO activities among wheat cultivars are similar in whole kernel and kernel leachate assays and that the predominant insoluble traction of PPO. which is relatively uncharacterized. may he largely responsible for wheat product discoloration. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600002 ER PT J AU Corredor, DY Bean, SR Schober, T Wang, D AF Corredor, DY Bean, SR Schober, T Wang, D TI Effect of decorticating sorghum on ethanol production and composition of DDGS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CORN; CONVERSION; SOLUBLES; CULTURE; PROTEIN AB The use of a renewable biomass that contains considerable amounts of starch and cellulose could provide a sugar platform for the production of numerous bioproducts. Pretreatment technologies have been developed to increase the bioconversion rate for both starch and cellulosic-based biomass. This study investigated the effect of decortication as a pretreatment method on ethanol production from sorghum, as well as investigating its impact on quality of distillers' dry grains with solubles (DDGS). Eight sorghum hybrids with 0, 10, and 20% of their outer layers removed were used as raw materials for ethanol production. The decorticated samples were fermented to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removal of germ and fiber before fermentation allowed for greater starch loading for ethanol fermentation and resulted in increased ethanol production. Ethanol yields increased as the percentage of decortication increased. The decortication process resulted in DDGS with higher protein content and lower fiber content, which may improve the feed quality. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600003 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Chang, TS Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Tseng, Y AF Xu, JY Chang, TS Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Tseng, Y TI Multiple-particle tracking study of microheterogeneity of nutrim-10 suspensions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCAN; OAT BRAN; ALPHA-ACTININ; AMYLODEXTRINS; EXTRACTS; LIPIDS; WOMEN; MEN AB Nutrim is a newly developed food product containing dietary soluble fiber beta-glucan. The microstructural heterogeneities of Nutrim-10 suspensions were investigated by monitoring the thermally driven displacements of well-dispersed microspheres through video fluorescence microscopy. By comparing the distribution of the time-dependent mean-square displacement (MSD) of polystyrene microspheres embedded in three concentrations of Nutrim-10 suspensions, we found that the degree of heterogeneity of suspensions increased dramatically within a narrow range of Nutrim-10 concentrations. The ensemble-averaged MSD of 5.5% Nutrim-10 suspension exhibited a power-law behavior scaling linearly with time, which was similar to the behavior for a homogeneous aqueous glycerol solution. But the MSD distribution was wider and more asymmetric than for glycerol. Increasing Nutrim-10 concentration rendered the MSD distribution much more asymmetric and skewed. This study provided a quantitative method to characterize the organization of Nutrim-10 in suspension. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM xuj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0037 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600007 ER PT J AU Aboubacar, A Moldenhauer, KAK McClung, AM Beighley, DH Hamaker, BR AF Aboubacar, A Moldenhauer, KAK McClung, AM Beighley, DH Hamaker, BR TI Effect of growth location in the United States on amylose content, amylopectin fine structure, and thermal properties of starches of long grain rice cultivars SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-LENGTH; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES; SEED DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTALLINE; ENDOSPERM; MAIZE; GELATINIZATION; POTATOES; ORIGIN; WAXY AB Starch was isolated from kernels of 27 rice samples consisting of nine U.S. long grain rice cultivars grown in three different locations (Missouri, Arkansas, Texas). Amylose (AM) content of the starches and the fine structure of the respective amylopectin (AP) were determined and used to explain differences observed in gelatinization properties. The AM content of rice cultivars grown at the lower temperature Missouri location increased 0.4-3% and 0.5-4% when compared with the same rices grown in Arkansas and Texas, respectively. AP values of the rice samples were isolated, debranched, and separated by low-pressure size-exclusion chromatography. The eluted AP linear chains were divided into three fractions to represent extra long (FrI), long (FrII), and short chains (FrIII). The corresponding average degree of polymerization (DPn) at the peaks of fractions FrI, FrII, and FrIII were 100, 39, and 16, respectively. Total carbohydrate analysis of the fractions indicated that cultivars; grown in Missouri had a consistently higher proportion of FrIII and lower proportion of FrII as the same cultivars grown in Arkansas and Texas. Furthermore, the Missouri samples showed a shift toward shorter DPn in FrII and FrIII and had more of the shortest chain components (DPn < 16) of AP. The proportion of FrI did not follow a trend and varied depending on the cultivar and across location. Thermal analysis indicated that the higher temperature growth environments (Arkansas and Texas) resulted in higher onset, peak, and heat of gelatinization for the starches, suggesting longer cooking time and higher heat requirement. Overall, the data support the nonfield findings of other researchers that higher growing temperature results in AP with more DPn short chains that are within a range of DP > 10 to form consistent crystallites, and thus results in higher gelatinization temperatures and enthalpies. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Food & Nutr, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. SE Missouri State Univ, Dept Agr, Malden, MO 63863 USA. RP Hamaker, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, Food Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hamakerb@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0093 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600016 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Ioerger, BP Park, SH Singh, H AF Bean, SR Ioerger, BP Park, SH Singh, H TI Interaction between sorghum protein extraction and precipitation conditions on yield, purity, and composition of purified protein fractions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE PROTEINS; IN-VITRO PROTEIN; STORAGE PROTEINS; REDUCING AGENTS; GLUTEN PROTEINS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CROSS-LINKING; SOY PROTEIN; KAFIRIN; WHEAT AB Sorghum proteins have the potential to be used as a bio-industrial renewable resource for applications such as biodegradable films and packaging. This project was designed to evaluate the effect of interactions between sorghum protein extraction and precipitation conditions on the yield, purity, and composition of sorghum protein fractions. Proteins were extracted with 70% ethanol under nonreducing conditions, with ultrasound, or under reducing conditions using either sodium metabisulfite or glutathione as the reducing agent. Several conditions were used to isolate the extracted proteins through precipitation, including lowering ethanol concentrations alone or in combination with lowering to pH 2.5, or by adding 1M NaCl to the extract. Combinations of these conditions were also tested. All precipitation conditions effectively precipitated proteins and lowering the pH and adding 1M NaCl to the extracts enhanced precipitation in some cases. However, the conditions that precipitated the maxium amount of protein or highest purity of protein varied according to how the proteins were initially extracted. Precipitated proteins were characterized by RP-HPLC, SEC, HPCE, and SDS-PAGE to compare the protein fractions composition. Nonreduced and sonicated samples had a much wider M-w distribution than reduced extracts. Thus, extraction and precipitation conditions influenced the isolated proteins yield, purity, and composition. Because the extraction and purification processes influenced the composition, purity, and biochemical properties, it may be possible to prepare protein fractions with unique functionalities for specific end-uses. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0099 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600017 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Chung, OK Tuinstra, MR Pedersen, JF Erpelding, J AF Bean, SR Chung, OK Tuinstra, MR Pedersen, JF Erpelding, J TI Evaluation of the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) for measurement of sorghum grain attributes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABRASIVE DEHULLING DEVICE; MOLD RESISTANCE; HARDNESS; WHEAT; QUALITY AB The single kernel characterization system (SKCS) has been widely used in the wheat industry, and SKCS parameters have been linked to end-use quality in wheat. The SKCS has promise as a tool for evaluating sorghum grain quality. However, the SKCS was designed to analyze wheat, which has a different kernel structure from sorghum, To gain a better understanding of the meaning of SKCS predictions for grain sorghum. individual sorghum grains were measured for length, width, thickness (diameter), and weight by laboratory methods and by the SKCS. SKCS predictions for kernel weight and thickness were highly correlated to laboratory measurements. However, SKCS predictions for kernel thickness were underestimated by approximate to 20%. The SKCS moisture prediction for sorghum was evaluated by tempering seven samples with varying hardness values to four moisture levels. The moisture contents predicted by SKCS were compared with a standard oven method and, while correlated, SKCS moisture predictions were less than moisture measured by air oven, especially at low moisture content. Finally, SKCS hardness values were compared with hardness measured by abrasive decortication. A moderate (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) correlation was observed between the hardness measurements. The SKCS predictions of kernel weight and diameter were highly correlated with laboratory measurement, Moisture prediction, however, was substantially lower by the SKCS than as measured by an air oven method. The SKCS should be suitable for measuring sorghum grain attributes. Further research is needed to determine how SKCS hardness,s predictions are correlated to milling properties of sorghum grain. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600018 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS Jannink, JL TI Oat grain/groat size ratios: A physical basis for test weight SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Market value of oat grain is largely determined by test weight or bulk density, yet little is known of the physical basis for test weight in oats. We have hypothesized that a larger sized groat relative to the oat grain (the kernel with the hull) would generate higher test weight oats because the groat is the densest structure in the oat grain, We tested this by measuring oat grain size and oat groat size by digital image analysis for 10 genotypes grown in 10 environments. We also measured other physical characteristics of the oats grains and groats including mean grain and groat mass, test weight. and groat percentage. We found that the groat/ grain size ratio was highly correlated with test weight. Because the oat grain image area was nearly twice that of the groat, we suggest that there are significant amounts of empty space within the oat hull, which detracts from test weight, We also found that oat groat size distributions like oat grains, fit bimodal distributions better than normal distributions. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0114 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 002SB UT WOS:000234630600019 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Hallfrisch, JG AF Behall, KM Hallfrisch, JG TI Effects of barley consumption on CVD risk factors SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID MILDLY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; OAT-BRAN; BETA-GLUCAN; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; LIPID-METABOLISM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIETARY FIBER; WHEAT; DISEASE; FOODS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1094/CFW-51-0012 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 011FN UT WOS:000235253600003 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Shao, Q AF Yokoyama, WH Shao, Q TI Soluble fibers prevent insulin resistance in hamsters fed high saturated fat diets SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Scios Inc, Fremont, CA USA. RP Yokoyama, WH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1094/CFW-51-0016 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 011FN UT WOS:000235253600004 ER PT J AU Kim, H Behall, KM Vinyard, B Conway, JM AF Kim, H Behall, KM Vinyard, B Conway, JM TI Short-term satiety and glycemic response after consumption of whole grains with various amounts of beta-glucan SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; INSULIN RESPONSES; BODY-WEIGHT; PHYSICAL STATE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; ENERGY-INTAKE; GUAR GUM; BARLEY; FIBER; FOOD AB The effects of a meal with and without soluble dietary fiber in the form of beta-glucan on short-term satiety and glucose response were investigated in 19 overweight subjects. Subjects consumed four isocaloric test meals consisting of a glucose solution or wheat (0 g of beta-glucan), a wheat-barley mixture (1 of beta-glucan), or barley (2 of P-glucan) served as cooked cereal with low-fat strawberry yogurt. Subjects used visual analog scales (VAS) to rate their hunger, fullness, satisfaction, thirst, nausea, and drowsiness at timed intervals before and after consumption of each test meal. Blood glucose was measured periodically, and energy intake was recorded 2 hr after consumption of each test meal. In women peak glucose responses and area under the curve were significantly lower after consumption of 2 of beta-glucan compared with consumption of 0 or 1 g of beta-glucan. VAS ratings did not significantly differ among cereals. In men no effect of glucan on glucose response was observed, and beta-glucan had only a marginal effect oil VAS ratings. Energy intake was not affected by beta-glucan level in either women or men. The findings indicate that acute reduction of glycemic response in overweight women requires the comsumption of at least 2 g of beta-glucan per meal, and greater amounts of beta-glucan per meal may be required to achieve substantial satiety effects in overweight women and men. C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, BARC, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 307B,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ConwayJ@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1094/CFW-51-0029 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 011FN UT WOS:000235253600007 ER PT J AU Jia, HM Livingston, DP Murphy, JP Porter, DR AF Jia, Hongmei Livingston, David P., III Murphy, J. Paul Porter, David R. TI Evaluation of freezing tolerance in advanced progeny from a cross of Avena sativa X A-macrostachya SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Avena macrostachya; A. sativa; winter hardiness; freezing tolerance; perennial oat ID WINTER HARDINESS; OAT AB Avena macrostachya is a perennial, autotetraploid oat. In its natural habitat it has a high degree of winter hardiness. The objective of this experiment was to screen 53 backcross progenies of an interspecific cross between the cultivar Brooks (A. sativa) and A. macrostachya using a controlled freezing test. No entry tested was more freezing tolerant than the recurrent parent Brooks. These results indicated that freeze tolerance from A. macrostachya had not been introgressed into the progeny. It was suggested that the mechanism for winter hardiness in A. macrostachya is different from that in A. sativa and may involve an escape mechanism rather than a genetically controlled freezing resistance mechanism. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. BASF Plant Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Paul_Murphy@ncsu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1556/CRC.34.2006.2-3.235 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088CK UT WOS:000240788900023 ER PT J AU Ivezic, M Tollefson, JJ Raspudic, E Brkic, I Brmez, M Hibbard, BE AF Ivezic, M. Tollefson, J. J. Raspudic, E. Brkic, I. Brmez, M. Hibbard, B. E. TI Evaluation of corn hybrids for tolerance to corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE western corn rootworm; root node injury; root size; root regrowth; corn hybrids ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; RESISTANCE; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE AB The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (WCR)) is a major pest of corn in USA. The pest arrived in Croatia in 1995, and today over 250.000 ha are infested. Insecticides are regularly used to control WCR, but the cost is high, can pose environmental risks, and may become ineffective due to resistance. Growing corn that is resistant to corn rootworms would be a valuable alternative to insecticides. Nine Croatian (Institute of Agriculture, Osijek) and two Pioneer Hi-Bred Int. Inc. (Johnston, Iowa, USA) commercial corn hybrids were evaluated for WCR resistance at two locations using complete randomized block design with four replications. One location was in east Croatia (Osijek) and one Was in the USA (Iowa). The hybrids' tolerance to larval feeding was rated using root injury, root regrowth and root size. Root injury was rated using the Node-Injury Scale 0-3 and evaluation of root size and root regrowth were done by scale 1-6. In an analysis of variance combined across locations, root injury didn't show any significantly differences among hybrids, but root regrowth and root size were significantly different. C1 Univ JJ Strossmayer Osijek, Fac Agr, Osijek 31000, Croatia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Inst Agr, Dept Maize Breeding & Genet, Osijek 31000, Croatia. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ivezic, M (reprint author), Univ JJ Strossmayer Osijek, Fac Agr, Trg Sv Trojstva 3, Osijek 31000, Croatia. EM marija.ivezic@pfos.hr NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.1556/CRC.34.2006.2-3.244 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 088CK UT WOS:000240788900032 ER PT B AU Kretschmann, DE Cramer, SM Lakes, R Schmidt, T AF Kretschmann, David E. Cramer, Steven M. Lakes, Roderic Schmidt, Troy BE Stokke, DD Groom, LH TI Selected mesostructure properties in loblolly pine from Arkansas plantations SO Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall CY AUG 25-27, 2003 CL Grand Lake, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Soc Wood Sci & Technol, Iowa State Univ DE juvenile wood; southern pine; modulus of elasticity; shear modulus; microfibril angle; early-wood properties; latewood properties; micro-testing ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; GROWTH RINGS; TREE HEIGHT; 10 DECADES; FIBERS; JUVENILITY; EARLYWOOD; APPARATUS; RESPECT AB Design properties of wood are currently established at the macroscale, assuming wood to be a homogeneous orthotropic material. The resulting variability from the use of such a simplified assumption has been handled by designing with lower percentile values and applying a number of factors to account for the wide statistical variation in properties. With managed commercial forests geared toward rapid growth and shorter rotation harvests, wood products now contain significantly fewer and more widely spaced growth rings, further stretching the validity of the assumption of homogeneous behavior. This chapter reports on preliminary results of a study on measuring the property differences and variability of earlywood and latewood (mesostructure) samples from a commercial loblolly pine plantation. Novel testing procedures were developed to measure properties from 1- by 1- by 30-mm mesostructure specimens. Properties measured included longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, specific gravity, and microfibril angle. The test results showed dramatic differences in the properties of adjacent earlywood and latewood, differences that are believed to influence product performance. As important as the data that documents the property differences is the information on the variability of these properties. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Kretschmann, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND BN 0-8138-0439-6 PY 2006 BP 149 EP 170 DI 10.1002/9780470999714.ch12 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BEL46 UT WOS:000237804900012 ER PT B AU Groom, LH So, CL Elder, T Pesacreta, T Rials, TG AF Groom, Leslie H. So, Chi-Leung Elder, Thomas Pesacreta, Thomas Rials, Timothy G. BE Stokke, DD Groom, LH TI Effects of refiner pressure on the properties of individual wood fibers SO Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall CY AUG 25-27, 2003 CL Grand Lake, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Soc Wood Sci & Technol, Iowa State Univ DE medium density fiberboard; loblolly pine; fiber stiffness; fiber strength; surface roughness; interwall tears; delaminations; latewood; juvenility ID SOUTHERN PINE FIBERS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; PULP FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TREE HEIGHT; JUVENILITY; RESPECT; PAPER; WATER; AIR AB The properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) are governed by three factors: fiber orientation, fiber-to-fiber stress transfer, and fiber properties. This chapter addresses the last of these factors by qualitative investigation of fiber quality, quantitative analysis of fiber stiffness and strength, and development of relationships between fiber and MDF modulus. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fibers refined around 8 bars pressure had the least amount of cell wall damage. Interwall tears were the predominant defect of fibers refined at lower pressures. Although higher pressure-refined fibers possessed interwall tears, the most prominent defects were intrawall delaminations. Atomic force microscopy observations showed that the magnitude of surface roughness features increase with increasing refiner pressures. Confocal microscopy showed that the majority of intact fibers comprising MDF furnish are latewood fibers, with earlywood fibers comprising the fines fraction. Tensile testing of individual wood fibers showed that mature fibers are stiffer than juvenile fibers at all levels of refining. However, the ultimate tensile stresses of mature and juvenile fibers are equivalent. Fiber tensile properties in relation to refiner pressure appear to be closely tied to glass transition temperatures of the primary wood constituents. Fiber tensile properties are inversely related to MDF panel mechanical properties below 8 bars pressure. However, a proportional relationship exists between fiber and panel properties at refiner pressures above 10 bars. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Groom, LH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND BN 0-8138-0439-6 PY 2006 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1002/9780470999714.ch17 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BEL46 UT WOS:000237804900017 ER PT B AU Frihart, CR AF Frihart, Charles R. BE Stokke, DD Groom, LH TI Wood structure and adhesive bond strength SO Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall CY AUG 25-27, 2003 CL Grand Lake, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Soc Wood Sci & Technol, Iowa State Univ DE adhesive; strength; wood; adhesion; failure; epoxy; acetylated; scanning electron microscopy; swelling; bond; durability ID PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVES AB Much of the literature on the bonding of wood and other lignocellulosic materials has concentrated on traditional adhesion theories. This has led to misconceptions because wood is a porous material on both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. A better understanding of wood bonding can be developed by investigating the theories of adhesion and bond strength, taking into consideration the unusual structure of wood. Wood is not uniform in the millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scales. The interaction of adhesive with wood needs to be considered on these different spatial scales. In addition, emphasis needs to be placed on the stress concentration and dissipation mechanisms that are active in bonded wood. Because most adhesives bond wood sufficiently to give wood failure under dry conditions, the emphasis is on durable bonds, especially those exposed to moisture and/or heat variations. The new hypothesis emphasizes that for durable bonds, the adhesive needs to give during wood expansion or to restrict wood expansion to lower stress in the interphase regions. Among the experiments that support this hypothesis, one study involves the failure mechanism of epoxy wood bonds. Available information indicates that the fracture occurs near the surface within the epoxy layer. A second study is the bonding of acetylated wood with epoxy adhesives. Under wet conditions, acetylated wood expands less than does untreated wood and less stress thus occurs at the interface. In addition, this hypothesis proposes that the primer, hydroxymethylated resorcinol, is not a coupling agent but stabilizes the wood surface. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Frihart, CR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND BN 0-8138-0439-6 PY 2006 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1002/9780470999714.ch18 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BEL46 UT WOS:000237804900018 ER PT S AU Chen, GY Braden, S Qin, F AF Chen, Guoying Braden, Susan Qin, Feng BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ Gillespie, JB Ewing, KJ TI Analysis of oxytetracycline in water using a portable analyzer SO Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensors for Industrial and Environmental Monitoring II CY OCT 03-04, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE oxytetracycline; water; portable; analyzer; time-resolved luminescence; field analysis ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SENSITIZED LUMINESCENCE; FISH FARMS; TETRACYCLINES; ANTIBIOTICS; SEDIMENTS; SYSTEM AB Oxytetracycline (OTC) is extensively used in aquaculture worldwide for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Most of the drug, however, is discharged into the marine environment due to leaching from medicated feed and poor gastrointestinal (GI) absorption. Without exposure to sun light OTC has a long lifetime in the marine environment, therefore it is important to monitor and study its occurrence, distribution, fate and impact on the ecosystem. A portable tetracycline (TC) analyzer was developed in this laboratory for this purpose based on europium-sensitized luminescence. In this study, an assay method is developed for OTC analysis in water using this instrument. Water samples are filtered with glass wool; and solid phase extraction (SPE) is performed using Oasis HLB cartridges for OTC extraction and cleanup. Following reagent application, the samples are excited by 385 nm LED pulses; and time-resolved luminescence (TRL) is measured at 610 run by a photomultiplier tube. A 0-3 ppm linear dynamic range (r(2) = 0.9988) and a 0.021 ppb limit of detection were achieved with a typical < 5% relative standard deviation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6476-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6378 BP U207 EP U212 DI 10.1117/12.686401 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFR00 UT WOS:000243904500022 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Blanda, JM Boue, S Vigo, CB Cleveland, TE Walsh, TJ AF De Lucca, A. J. Blanda, J. M. Boue, S. Vigo, C. B. Cleveland, T. E. Walsh, T. J. TI Synergism of CAY-1 with amphotericin B and itraconazole SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE saponin; synergism; amphotericin B; itraconazole; additive-synergistic effect ID RESISTANCE AB Background: CAY-1 is a fungicidal saponin from cayenne pepper whose mode of action differs from amphotericin B (AB) and itraconazole (IT). This work determined CAY-1 synergism with AB or IT. Methods: CAY-1 was purified and used in checkerboard microdilution studies where CAY-1 and AB or IT were mixed with nongerminated (NG) and germinating (G) conidia of three Aspergillus species and Candida, albicans. Inhibition was visually determined at 24 and 48 h. Results: CAY-1 had predominantly additive-synergistic interaction with AB or IT against the Aspergillus NG and G conidia. Excellent synergy between CAY-1 and AB occurred at 24 and 48 h against C. albicans. Results suggest CAY-1 enhances AB and IT efficacy. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NCI, NIH, Immunocompromised Host Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM adelucca@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PY 2006 VL 52 IS 6 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1159/000095959 PG 3 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 097OE UT WOS:000241456500004 PM 17008779 ER PT S AU Gundersen, C Kelly, T Jemison, K AF Gundersen, Craig Kelly, Thomas Jemison, Kyle BE Hannum, E TI DEMAND FOR SCHOOLING AMONG ORPHANS IN ZIMBABWE SO CHILDRENS LIVES AND SCHOOLING ACROSS SOCIETIES SE Research in the Sociology of Education LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; EDUCATION; ENROLLMENT; AIDS; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; POVERTY; PROGRAM; IMPACT; CHINA AB We examine the effect of orphan status on school enrollment in Zimbabwe, a country strongly impacted by the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a rapidly growing population of orphans. Using data from 2002, after controlling for other determinants of enrollment we find that orphans are less likely to attend school than non-orphans. Two additional results have implications for targeting: we find that the effect of being an orphan is especially large for older children and that, after controlling for previous education, the effect of being an orphan on school enrollment sharply declines. C1 [Gundersen, Craig] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gundersen, Craig] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Gundersen, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0197-5080 BN 978-0-7623-1291-7 J9 RES SOCIOL EDUC PY 2006 VL 15 BP 207 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S1479-3539(06)15008-9 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA BLR30 UT WOS:000270853400009 ER PT B AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, M. A. BE Bhatti, JS Lal, R Apps, MJ Price, MA TI Plant species diversity: Management implications for temperate pasture production SO Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science of Changing Climates - Impacts on Agricultures, Forestry and Wetlands CY JUL, 2004 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Anim Sci, Plant Sci & Soil Sci, Nat Resources Canada/Canadian Forest Serv ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; LITTER; GROWTH; SUSTAINABILITY; DECOMPOSITION; COMPETITION; STABILITY C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-3097-1 PY 2006 BP 149 EP 161 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEJ67 UT WOS:000237451900007 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Slaughter, RE Jones, SL Pitzer, JE Minion, FC AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Slaughter, RE Jones, SL Pitzer, JE Minion, FC TI Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon production by blood leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TUBERCULOSIS; ESAT-6; CATTLE; CFP-10; PROTEIN; ASSAY AB The only approved method of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance of reindeer within the United States is tuberculin skin testing; however, skin testing has an apparent lack of specificity, since numerous reindeer are classified as reactors, yet Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated from tissues upon necropsy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an in vitro assay (the Cervigam assay) to detect gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) produced by blood leukocytes in response to mycobacterial antigens from M. bovis-infected reindeer. Thirteen male reindeer similar to 9 months of age were inoculated with 10(5) CFU M. bovis in their tonsillar crypts. Stimulation of whole-blood cultures with a mitogen resulted in significant production of IFN-gamma compared to that by nonstimulated samples. Responses by infected reindeer to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were as much as 3.5-fold higher than those by noninfected reindeer (n = 4). Despite differences in responses to PPD by the two groups, reindeer within the noninfected group had responses of >0.1 change in optical density (Delta OD) (a level generally considered positive) to PPD. Mean responses by infected reindeer to a rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion protein (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific) were as much as 20-fold higher than respective responses by noninfected reindeer at all time points. Additionally, responses by 3/4 noninfected reindeer were <0.1 Delta OD (considered negative) at each time point. To further evaluate the specificity of the assay, samples were collected from reindeer in a TB-free herd. All reindeer had responses to mitogen; however, only 1 of 38 had a response to PPD, and none of the reindeer responded to rESAT-6-CFP-10. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-gamma-based tests may prove useful for TB surveillance of reindeer. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. CSL Anim Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Minion, Chris/A-2955-2015 OI Minion, Chris/0000-0003-4876-8396 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.1.37-44.2006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 012VP UT WOS:000235369300004 PM 16425998 ER PT J AU Sen, M Rajagopalan, G Maleki, S David, C AF Sen, Moon Rajagopalan, Govindarajan Maleki, Soheila David, Chella TI Novel use of HLA class II transgenic 'humanized' mice in peanut allergy research. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Clinical-Immunology-Societies CY JUN 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Federat Clin Immunol Soc C1 Mayo Clin, Rochester, OH USA. USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PY 2006 VL 119 SU S BP S16 EP S16 DI 10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.035 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 048CD UT WOS:000237924300034 ER PT J AU Zaidi, MB McDermott, PF Fedorka-Cray, P Leon, V Canche, C Hubert, SK Abbott, J Leon, M Zhao, SH Headrick, M Tollefson, L AF Zaidi, MB McDermott, PF Fedorka-Cray, P Leon, V Canche, C Hubert, SK Abbott, J Leon, M Zhao, SH Headrick, M Tollefson, L TI Nontyphoidal Salmonella from human clinical cases, asymptomatic children, and raw retail meats in Yucatan, Mexico SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 26-30, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CHICKEN; CAMPYLOBACTER; CONTAMINATION; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPE; SPP.; BEEF; ENTEROPATHOGENS AB Background. We report the results of a 3-year Salmonella surveillance study of persons with diarrhea; asymptomatic children; and retail pork, poultry, and beef in Yucatan, Mexico. Methods. Isolates were characterized according to serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most common serotype found in ill humans ( 21.8% of isolates), followed by Salmonella Agona (21% of isolates). Salmonella Enteritidis was a minor serotype (4.2% of isolates). Asymptomatic children carried S. Agona ( 12.1% of isolates), Salmonella Meleagridis (11.6% of isolates), Salmonella Anatum (8% of isolates) and S. Enteritidis (5.8% of isolates). A high percentage of retail meat samples contained Salmonella; it was most commonly found in pork (58.1% of samples), followed by beef (54% of samples) and poultry (39.7% of samples). Resistance to oral drugs used for the treatment of salmonellosis was observed for ampicillin (14.6% of isolates were resistant), chloramphenicol (14.0% of isolates), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (19.7% of isolates). Resistance to ceftriaxone emerged in 2002 and was limited to the serotype S. Typhimurium. Twenty-seven percent of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, and none were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug resistance was most common among isolates of serotypes S. Typhimurium and S. Anatum. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that strains found in retail meats were genetically identical to strains found in both asymptomatic children and ill patients. Conclusions. Our study found a high prevalence of Salmonella in retail meats and persons with enteric infection; many of these isolates were resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. A random selection of isolates from people and retail meat showed genetic relatedness, which suggests that, in Yucatan, considerable transfer of Salmonella occurs through the food chain. C1 Hosp Gen OHoran, Dept Invest, Lab Invest, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Zaidi, MB (reprint author), Hosp Gen OHoran, Dept Invest, Lab Invest, Av Itzaes X Jacinto Canek, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. EM mbzaidi@yuc.quik.com FU FDA HHS [FD-U- 001934-03-2] NR 42 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1086/498508 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 989UH UT WOS:000233698900010 PM 16323087 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Newbern, EC Griffin, PM Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Baker, NL Hunter, SB Holt, KG Ramsey, F Head, M Levine, P Johnson, G Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Reddy, V Kornstein, L Gerwel, M Nsubuga, J Edwards, L Stonecipher, S Hurd, S Austin, D Jefferson, MA Young, SD Hise, K Chernak, ED Sobel, J AF Gottlieb, SL Newbern, EC Griffin, PM Graves, LM Hoekstra, RM Baker, NL Hunter, SB Holt, KG Ramsey, F Head, M Levine, P Johnson, G Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Reddy, V Kornstein, L Gerwel, M Nsubuga, J Edwards, L Stonecipher, S Hurd, S Austin, D Jefferson, MA Young, SD Hise, K Chernak, ED Sobel, J CA Listeriosis Outbreak Working Grp TI Multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to Turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in US regulatory policy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MONOCYTOGENES; INFECTION; PRODUCTS; GASTROENTERITIS; PASTEURIZATION; PULSENET; MILK AB Background. Listeriosis, a life-threatening foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, affects similar to 2500 Americans annually. Between July and October 2002, an uncommon strain of L. monocytogenes caused an outbreak of listeriosis in 9 states. Methods. We conducted case finding, a case-control study, and traceback and microbiological investigations to determine the extent and source of the outbreak and to propose control measures. Case patients were infected with the outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes between July and November 2002 in 9 states, and control patients were infected with different L. monocytogenes strains. Outcome measures included food exposure associated with outbreak strain infection and source of the implicated food. Results. Fifty-four case patients were identified; 8 died, and 3 pregnant women had fetal deaths. The case-control study included 38 case patients and 53 control patients. Case patients consumed turkey deli meat much more frequently than did control patients (P=.008 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the 4 weeks before illness, 55% of case patients had eaten deli turkey breast more than 1-2 times, compared with 28% of control patients ( odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-17.1). Investigation of turkey deli meat eaten by case patients led to several turkey processing plants. The outbreak strain was found in the environment of 1 processing plant and in turkey products from a second. Together, the processing plants recalled 130 million pounds of products. Following the outbreak, the US Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service issued new regulations outlining a L. monocytogenes control and testing program for ready-to-eat meat and poultry processing plants. Conclusions. Turkey deli meat was the source of a large multistate outbreak of listeriosis. Investigation of this outbreak helped guide policy changes designed to prevent future L. monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, Dover, DE USA. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stg8@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 101 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1086/498113 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 989UH UT WOS:000233698900011 PM 16323088 ER PT J AU Vogel, JT Cook, D Fowler, SG Thomashow, MF AF Vogel, J. T. Cook, D. Fowler, S. G. Thomashow, M. F. BE Chen, THH Uemura, M Fujikawa, S TI The CBF Cold Response Pathways of Arabidopsis and Tomato SO COLD HARDINESS IN PLANTS: MOLECULAR GENETICS, CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; BRASSICA-NAPUS; WATER-DEFICIT; HIGH-SALT; DROUGHT C1 [Vogel, J. T.; Cook, D.; Fowler, S. G.; Thomashow, M. F.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cook, D.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Thomashow, M. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thomashow, MF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM thomash6@msu.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-059-0 PY 2006 BP 11 EP 29 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BWB14 UT WOS:000293336700003 ER PT J AU Benedict, C Skinner, JS Meng, R Chang, Y Bhalerao, R Finn, C Chen, THH Hurry, V AF Benedict, C. Skinner, J. S. Meng, R. Chang, Y. Bhalerao, R. Finn, C. Chen, T. H. H. Hurry, V. BE Chen, THH Uemura, M Fujikawa, S TI The Role of the CBF-dependent Signalling Pathway in Woody Perennials SO COLD HARDINESS IN PLANTS: MOLECULAR GENETICS, CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESPONSIVE GENE-EXPRESSION; COLD-ACCLIMATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; WATER-DEFICIT; ARABIDOPSIS; OVEREXPRESSION; ACTIVATOR C1 [Benedict, C.; Hurry, V.] Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Skinner, J. S.; Meng, R.; Chang, Y.; Finn, C.; Chen, T. H. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bhalerao, R.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Genet, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Finn, C.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hurry, V (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM Vaughan.Hurry@plantphys.umu.se RI Hurry, Vaughan/A-8331-2008 OI Hurry, Vaughan/0000-0001-5151-5184 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-059-0 PY 2006 BP 167 EP 180 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BWB14 UT WOS:000293336700013 ER PT J AU Sun, LL Zhou, XY Mahalingam, S Weise, DR AF Sun, LL Zhou, XY Mahalingam, S Weise, DR TI Comparison of burning characteristics of live and dead chaparral fuels SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE chaparral; mass loss rate; flame height; infrared ID FIRE BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; SPREAD; PREDICTION; IMAGERY; FLAME AB Wildfire spread in living vegetation, such as chaparral in Southern California, often causes significant damage to infrastructure and ecosystems. The effects of physical characteristics of fuels and fuel beds on live fuel burning and whether live fuels differ fundamentally from dead woody fuels in their burning characteristics are not well understood. Toward this end, three common chaparral fuels prevalent in southern California, chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus, were investigated by burning them in a cylindrical container. The observed fire behavior included mass loss rate, flame height, and temperature structure above the burning fuel bed. By using successive images of the temperature field, a recently developed thermal particle image velocity (TPIV) algorithm was applied to estimate flow velocities in the vicinity of the flame. A linear regression fit was used to explain the observed time difference between when maximum flame height and maximum mass loss rate occur, as a function of fuel moisture content. Two different methods were used to extract power laws for flame heights of live and dead fuels. It was observed that the parameters defined in the well-known two-fifths power law for flame height as a function of heat release rate were inadequate for live fuels. As the moisture content increases, the heat release rate in the power law needs to be calculated at the time when the maximum flame height is achieved, as opposed to the maximum mass loss rate. Dimensionless parameters were used to express local temperature and velocity structure of live and dead chaparral fuels in the form of a Gaussian profile over different regimes in a fire plume. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Sun, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lsun@engr.ucr.edu RI Mahalingam, Shankar/K-6746-2015; OI Mahalingam, Shankar/0000-0002-4543-7201 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.08.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 002CF UT WOS:000234588300026 ER PT J AU Siebielec, G Chaney, RL AF Siebielec, G Chaney, RL TI Manganese fertilizer requirement to prevent manganese deficiency when liming to remediate Ni-phytotoxic soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE manganese; nickel; toxicity; deficiency; liming; remediation ID NICKEL; ZINC; LIMESTONE; CADMIUM; GROWTH; IRON; MUCK AB Nickel (Ni) contamination occurred near a Ni refinery at Port Colborne, Ontario, on soils susceptible to Mn deficiency. Previous studies showed that adding limestone to remediate these soils induced Mn deficiency in plants. This greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with Welland loam and Quarry muck soils to learn the application of MnSO4 needed when these soils were limed. Limestone application, along with Mn fertilizer, allowed normal growth of oat and red beet known as sensitive to Ni phytotoxicity and Mn deficiency. Strontium (Sr)-nitrate extractable Ni was a smooth function of slurry pH with much higher Ni extractable from the Welland loam than Quarry muck. Ni phytotoxicity was severe at low pH for the Welland loam but it was generally prevented by liming. No severe Mn deficiency was observed in this experiment when nitrogen was applied as combination of urea, ammonia, and nitrates. Manganese fertilization greatly improved Mn uptake by both crops in both soils. C1 Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Siebielec, G (reprint author), Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Czartoryskich 8, PL-24100 Pulawy, Poland. EM gs@iung.pulawy.pl NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1080/00103620500408548 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 004YA UT WOS:000234787400013 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA Ebelhar, MW AF Bruns, HA Ebelhar, MW TI Nutrient uptake of maize affected by nitrogen and potassium fertility in a humid subtropical environment SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE crop rotations; cotton; irrigation ID YIELD; PLANT AB Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility management of maize ( Zea mays L.) in the humid subtropical Mississippi Delta may differ from a temperate climate because of its use in rotation with cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), soil temperatures rarely falling to 0 degrees C, and heavy winter rains that facilitate nutrient losses. An experiment to determine the [N] (concentration=[ ]), phosphorus [P], [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], zinc [Zn], and copper [Cu] and their total contents plant -1 of maize grown in rotation with cotton, using N fertility levels of (134, 179, 224, 269, and 314 kg N ha(-1)) in combination with K fertility levels of (0, 45, 90, and 134 kg K ha(-1)) was conducted in 2000 and 2001 at Tribbett, MS. Ear leaves, immature ears, and husks collected at growth stage R2 and grain and stover collected 21 days after R6 were dried, weighed, and analyzed for nutrient concentration. Plots were also harvested for yield, kernel weight, grain bulk density, and harvest index (HI). Increased [N] values of about 1.3 mg g(-1) occurred in all organs except the stover between 134 and 314 kg N ha(-1) N fertility. Stover [N] increased approximately 3.0 mg g(-1) within the same N fertility range. Total N content of ear leaves, grain, and stover increased by about 11.0, 550.0, and 730.0 mg plant(-1) , respectively, with N fertility increased from 134 to 314 kg N ha(-1) . Yields, kernel weights, grain bulk densities, and harvest indices also increased with added N fertility. Several micronutrient concentrations and contents increased as N fertility increased. Increased K fertility had only limited influence on concentrations of most nutrient elements. The nutrient contents of most elements in the stover increased with added K fertility compared with plots that received no supplemental K fertilizer. These data showed between 139 and 265 kg N ha(-1) was permanently removed by grain harvest and suggest that N fertility recommendations for the Mississippi Delta may be low for maize yield goals above 10 Mg ha(-1) . Added K fertilizer has minimal benefit to maize when soil test levels are adequate but are important to succeeding cotton crops where K uptake during fruiting can exceed the soil's ability to release K for uptake. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abruns@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1080/00103620500408829 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 004YA UT WOS:000234787400020 ER PT J AU Nelson, NO Mikkelsen, RL AF Nelson, NO Mikkelsen, RL TI Polyethersulfone membrane filters for sampling soil water from in situ soils and intact soil columns for phosphate analysis SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE suction lysimeter; soil water sampling; leachate collection; phosphorus leaching; soil solution ID SUCTION-CUP; PHOSPHORUS; SAMPLERS; EXTRACTION; MOVEMENT AB Porous plates or cups are commonly used to collect soil solution samples in field studies or from intact soil columns. Some commonly used materials for porous plates may adsorb soil solution constituents such as phosphorus (P). An alternative to using a porous plate is to use a membrane filter with a known pore size and bubble point. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of polyethersulfone membranes (pore size 0.45 mu m and bubble point >200 kPa) to extract soil solution from in situ soils and intact soil columns for phosphate analysis. In situ soil solution samplers were constructed from modified reusable polysulfone membrane filter holders equipped with polyethersulfone membranes (47 mm diameter). A -10 kPa vacuum was maintained in the samplers, which enabled soil solution collection at soil water potentials of 0 to -4 kPa in loamy sand, 0 to -10 kPa in sandy loam, and 0 to -12 kPa in sandy clay loam soils. In a laboratory study, soil solution samplers continued to hold a vacuum to -77 kPa soil water potential. Soil solution samplers were further evaluated in a field study at 45-, 90-, and 135-cm depths in two soils. Samplers operated with relatively few difficulties for the first 12 months of field evaluation. Membranes apparently dried during periods of low soil water potential but increases in soil moisture were sufficient to rewet the membrane. Sampler failures in the field increased during 13-18 months because aged vacuum tubing and root interferences with samplers at 45 cm. Improvements in sampler design may improve the durability for implementation in long-term field experiments. Membrane filters worked near flawlessly to maintain unsaturated conditions in intact soil columns. The filter units facilitated easy collection of soil water from the intact soil columns without altering the chemical composition of the percolate. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, NO (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM nnelson@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1080/00103620500440236 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 010RF UT WOS:000235211300005 ER PT J AU Baum, K Pierzynski, G Kleinman, P Kovar, J Maguire, R Moore, P Zhang, TQ AF Baum, K Pierzynski, G Kleinman, P Kovar, J Maguire, R Moore, P Zhang, TQ TI Evaluating the influence of storage time, sample-handling method, and filter paper on the measurement of water-extractable phosphorus in animal manures SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE water-extractable phosphorus; runoff; manure ID RUNOFF; RAINFALL; RELEASE AB Surface-applied manures create a potential phosphorus (P) runoff hazard, especially when unincorporated. In such cases, the concentration of water-extractable P in the manure has been correlated to soluble P concentrations in runoff. This study evaluated the influence of holding time, sample-handling procedure, and filtration method on measurement of the water-extractable P content of manures in a 3x3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. A two-way interaction between holding time and sample-handling procedure occurred for most samples. Six samples had water-extractable P concentrations that were less than or equal to dried and dried/ground treatments. Only one sample had higher water-extractable P concentrations for fresh than for dried and dried/ground treatments. When significant differences occurred as a result of the filtration method, results for Whatman No. 40 filters, with a larger pore size than 0.45 mu m nitrocellulose membranes, were usually higher. There was no significant difference in the coefficient of variation across sample-handling procedures, suggesting that efforts to dry and/or grind samples were not needed. These results support the adoption of a standardized protocol for measuring water-extractable P in manures that represents the appropriate balance between the ease of implementation and the strength of the correlation to P runoff concentrations. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON, Canada. RP Pierzynski, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gmp@ksu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1080/00103620500449328 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 010RF UT WOS:000235211300009 ER PT J AU Mersie, W Seybold, CA Wu, J McNamee, C AF Mersie, W Seybold, CA Wu, J McNamee, C TI Atrazine and metolachlor sorption to switchgrass residues SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE switchgrass; atrazine; metolachlor; vegetative filter strip ID SOILS; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE; HYDROXYATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE; RUNOFF; STRAW AB Herbicide retention by residue mulch in vegetative filter strips could be an effective attenuation mechanism for removing herbicides from runoff. Adsorption studies were conducted to quantify the amount of atrazine and metolachlor that can be adsorbed and removed from runoff by thatch or fresh switchgrass residue. Adsorption of C-14 -atrazine and metolachlor on thatch or fresh switchgrass residue was conducted by using concentrations of 2.5, 7.5, 13.2, and 26.4 mu mol L-1 and a 24-h equilibration period. Adsorption coefficients (K-d) decreased in the order, atrazine sorption on fresh switchgrass residue (81.1 L-1 kg(-1)), metolachlor sorption on fresh residue (32.9 L -1 kg(-1)), atrazine sorption on thatch residue (21.4 L-1 kg(-1)), and metolachlor sorption on thatch switchgrass residue (15.1 L -1 kg(-1)). On a volumetric basis (Kd-vol ), only atrazine showed a significantly greater Kd-vol value on fresh residue than on the thatch residue. Absorption through cut ends of the residues (especially the fresh residue) may have produced adsorption capacities that would not be observed under field conditions. Fresh or thatch switchgrass residue in vegetative filter strips can help abate atrazine and metolachlor by intercepting and sorbing some of the herbicides. C1 USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cathy.seybold@lin.usda.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1080/00103620500449336 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 010RF UT WOS:000235211300010 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Burt, R Lee, CW AF Wilson, MA Burt, R Lee, CW TI Improved elemental recoveries in soils with heating boric acid following microwave total digestion SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE hydrofluoric acid; metal-fluoride complexes; geochemistry; total analysis ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY AB Microwave digestion of soils for elemental analysis commonly uses hydrofluoric acid (HF) because of insolubility of aluminosilicate minerals in other acids. Boric acid is added following digestion to complex F in solution. Low recoveries of calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), and magnesium (Mg) of soil reference materials led to this investigation of a secondary heating of the boric acid with digested soil. The objectives were to evaluate boric acid (H3BO3 ) concentrations needed to complex F from 4 mL HF and to evaluate soil characteristics that may contribute to the formation of metal-fluoride complexes that decrease recovery following digestion. Four standard soil reference materials and a variety of soil samples (n=75) were evaluated. Heating 20 mL 2.5% H3BO3 with a digested standard reference soil produced recoveries of 94, 98, and 99% for Al, Ca, and Mg, respectively, compared to 46% for Al and Mg and 37% recovery for Ca in extracts where H3BO3 was added but not heated. Two other concentrations of H3BO3 were tested with slightly improved recoveries, and results suggest that 20 mL of a 4.5% H3BO3 solution was sufficient to maximize recoveries. Digestion of soil samples by both the nonheated and heated H3BO3 methods showed that recovery difference between the two methods ranged from 0 to 100% for Al and Ca. Assuming that this difference in recovery was related to the formation of metal fluorides, correlation with clay and C in soils may reflect the positive or negative influence of these constituents on the formation of these complexes, respectively. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Wilson, MA (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM mike.wilson@lin.usda.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1080/00103620500449377 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 010RF UT WOS:000235211300013 ER PT J AU Siri-Prieto, G Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Mitchell, CC AF Siri-Prieto, G Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Mitchell, CC TI World's oldest cotton experiment: Relationships between soil chemical and physical properties and apparent electrical conductivity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE clay content; crop rotation; long-term experiment; P; soil carbon; soil electrical conductivity; spatial variation ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ROTATION; NITROGEN; QUALITY; CARBON AB Measuring and mapping apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is a potentially useful tool for delineating soil variability. The "Old Rotation," the world's oldest continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) experiment (ca. 1896), provides a valuable resource for evaluating soil spatial variability. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between soil chemical and physical properties and ECa in the Old Rotation, to determine spatial differences in these properties, and to relate differences in these properties to long-term management effects. Soils at the site classified as fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults. Soil ECa was measured at 0-30- and 0-90-cm depths (ECa-30 and ECa-90) using a Veris((R)) 3100 direct contact sensor with georeferencing. Soils were grid sampled (288 points) at close intervals (1.5 x 3.0m) for chemical properties and grid sampled (65 cells, 7.5 x 6.9 m) for soil texture. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), pH, buffer pH, and estimated cation exchange capacity (CECest) were measured at two depths (0-5- and 5-15-cm). Soil ECa was highly spatially correlated. The ECa-30 was more highly correlated with clay content (r = 0.58, P <= 0.01) and P(r = 0.43, P <= 0.01) than other soil properties. Total nitrogen and SOC had little or no relationship with ECa-30. Cropping systems affected chemical properties in the Old Rotation, indicating crop rotation and cover crops are beneficial for soil productivity. The relatively poor relationship between soil chemical parameters and ECa suggest that mapping plant nutrients and SOC using ECa is problematic because of strong dependence on clay content. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sir Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Republ Uruguay, Fac Agron, Catedra Cereales & Cultivos Ind, Paysandu, Uruguay. RP Reeves, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sir Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dwreeves@uga.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5-6 BP 767 EP 786 DI 10.1080/00103620600564018 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 030XS UT WOS:000236669300011 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Lugo-Ospina, A Reeves, JB AF Dao, TH Lugo-Ospina, A Reeves, JB TI Wastewater chemistry and fractionation of bioactive phosphorus in dairy manure SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE animal manure; bioactive phosphorus; ligand exchange; phosphorus fractionation; phytase; hydrolyzable phosphorus; phytic acid ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ANIMAL MANURE; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; COMPOSTED MANURE; SOILS; RUNOFF; FORMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Because manure organic phosphorus ( P) is environmentally bioactive, a novel in situ enzyme hydrolysis assay was developed to identify water soluble- and labile complexed P and mechanisms controlling P solubilization in dairy manure. Water-extractable P averaged 16% (+/- 14.8%) of total P of 107 manures collected across five northeastern states of the USA. Adding a multidentate ligand solubilized inorganic complexed P (15 +/- 8.3%) primarily associated with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). An additional organic fraction ( 35.9 +/- 15.6%) was hydrolyzable by fungal phytases. The assay was more revealing about on-farm P management than just knowing total P; the water-extractable P distribution was skewed to the left, and two thirds were < 2500 mg kg(-1); bioactive and total P were normally distributed, differing extensively between farms with a range spanning an order of magnitude. The assay's simplicity and robustness over the wide range of manure characteristics may increase routine evaluation of whole-farm accumulation of environmentally sensitive P forms. C1 BARC East, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), BARC East, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thdao@anri.barc.usda NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 907 EP 924 DI 10.1080/00103620600588637 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045TM UT WOS:000237765400002 ER PT J AU Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ AF Mungai, NW Motavalli, PP Kremer, RJ TI Soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in temperate alley cropping systems SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; mineral associated organic matter; particulate organic matter; pecan; silver maple ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MATTER; DYNAMICS; MINERALIZATION; RESPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; TREES; MAIZE AB Alley cropping may promote greater sequestration of soil organic carbon. The objective of this study was to examine spatial variability of soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions relative to tree rows in established alley cropping systems in north central Missouri. Soils were collected to a depth of 30 cm from two alley cropped sites, a 19-yr-old pecan (Carya illinoinensis)/bluegrass (Poa trivialis) intercrop (pecan site) and an 11-yr-old silver maple (Acer saccharinum)/soybean (Glycine max)-maize (Zea mays) rotation (maple site). Particulate organic matter (POM) C constituted 15-65% and 14-41% of total organic C (TOC) at the pecan and maple sites respectively, whereas POM N comprised 3 to 24% of total N (TKN). TOC and TKN were on average 13% and 18% higher at the tree row than at the middle of the alley for surface soils (0 - 10 cm) at the pecan site, respectively. Similarly, POM C was two to three times higher at the tree row than the alley for subsurface soils at the maple site. No differences in microbial biomass C and N between positions were observed. Observed results suggest the existence of spatially dependent patterns for POM C, TOC, and TKN, relative to tree rows in alley cropping. C1 Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Njoro, Kenya. Univ Missouri, Soil Environm & Atmospher Dept, Columbia, MO USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Columbia, MO USA. RP Mungai, NW (reprint author), Egerton Univ, Dept Soil Sci, POB 536, Njoro, Kenya. EM mungain03@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 7-8 BP 977 EP 992 DI 10.1080/00103620600584230 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045TM UT WOS:000237765400007 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD AF Lentz, RD TI Automated system for collecting multiple, sequential samples from soil water percolation samplers under continuous vacuum SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE automation; lysimeters; percolation; sample fractionator; seepage; soil water; tension lysimeter; vacuum extraction ID SOLUTE MOVEMENT; MEASURING DRAINAGE; TENSION LYSIMETER; UNSATURATED FLOW; VADOSE ZONE; FLUX; COLUMNS; EXTRACTORS AB Manually collecting a series of sequential, discrete water samples from soil water percolation samplers, or similar devices that withdraw water from unsaturated porous media under continuous vacuum, is a logistical challenge, though the resulting collection can provide valuable information on the dynamics present in both laboratory and field studies. This article describes a sequential tension autosampler (STAS) that executes such sampling automatically. The STAS operates on 12 volts direct current (VDC) and can be adapted for laboratory and field applications. A data logger was programmed to operate a series of solenoid valves, which direct soil water collected under tension to seven individual collection bottles. The number of sequential samples, sample period, start time, and between-sample interval are specified by the user. The operator only need to attend the system periodically to transfer water samples to storage vials and program the next sampling sequence. In a laboratory study, the apparatus successfully collected samples overnight or over several days. C1 USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM lentz@nwisr1.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1195 EP 1203 DI 10.1080/00103620600623442 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045UC UT WOS:000237767000004 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PD Kovar, JL AF Schroeder, PD Kovar, JL TI Comparison of organic and inorganic phosphorus fractions in an established buffer and adjacent production field SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE conservation buffer; labile phosphorus; organic phosphorus; phosphorus fractionation ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SET-ASIDE; EXTRACTION; MANURE; CHANG; ACID AB Since the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program was established in 1985, thousands of acres of cropland have been converted to conservation buffers. The distributions of soil phosphorus (P) in various organic and inorganic fractions in a buffer and an adjacent crop production field were compared. Most of the extractable inorganic P (32 to 39%) in both the crop field and the buffer was present in the calcium (Ca)-P fraction. Levels of the most labile P fractions were higher in the cropped area; however, more P was in the iron (Fe)-P fraction in the buffer (23 vs. 18%). There were few differences among organic P fractions between the buffer and crop field. Soil sampling depth had a significant effect on the distribution of P. Differences between the cropped area and the buffer were less significant as depth increased. These results suggest that care should be taken in choosing sampling depths when relating P fraction distribution to potential P loss. C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Agr, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schroeder, PD (reprint author), Cameron Univ, Dept Agr, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. EM pschroeder@cameron.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1219 EP 1232 DI 10.1080/00103620600623533 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045UC UT WOS:000237767000006 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Persaud, N Belesky, DP AF Zhou, X Ritchey, KD Clark, RB Persaud, N Belesky, DP TI Upper profile changes over time in an Appalachian hayfield soil amended with coal combustion by-products SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE gypsum; limestone; soil Ca and Mg mobility; soil chemical/physical properties ID ACID SOIL; LIMESTONE; GYPSUM AB Large amounts of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) by-products from burning coal, consisting primarily of gypsum, are available for potential use as a soil amendment. However, information is limited on longer-term changes in chemical and physical properties induced over time and over small depth increments of the upper soil profile after applying these amendments. This study examined longer-term effects in an abandoned Appalachian pasture soil amended with various liming materials and coal combustion by-products (CCBPs). Soil chemical and physical properties were investigated over time and depths. The results indicated limited dissolution and movement of the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) applied with the chemical amendments, except for Ca and Mg associated with sulfate. However, sufficient dissolution occurred to cause significant increases in exchangeable Ca and Mg and decreases in exchangeable Al that were reflected in corresponding increases in soil pH. These beneficial effects persisted over time and were confined to the upper 0- to 15-cm depth of the profile. The greatest benefits appeared to be in the upper 0- to 5-cm surface layer. Both Ca and Mg applied as calcitic dolomitic limestone tended to be immobilized in the upper 0- to 5-cm layer of the soil profile; Ca more so than Mg. The presence of S applied in the FGD and FBC amendments appeared to enhance the mobility of Ca and Mg. The ratio of Ca/Mg in HCI extracts from the calcitic dolomitic treatment was close to that of applied calcitic dolomite, implying that the inactive component in soil might be the original calcitic dolomite particles. Soil physical properties measured over small depth increments showed that application of the amendments improved the saturated hydraulic conductivity only in the upper 0- to 5-cm depth and had little or no significant effect on the dry bulk density and plant-available water. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xzz2@psu.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1247 EP 1267 DI 10.1080/00103620600623574 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045UC UT WOS:000237767000008 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Banken, KR Forcella, F Ellsbury, MM Clay, DE Olness, AE AF Clay, SA Banken, KR Forcella, F Ellsbury, MM Clay, DE Olness, AE TI Influence of yellow foxtail on corn growth and yield SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE competition; interference; yield loss ID ZEA-MAYS; SETARIA; HERBICIDE; SOIL; BARNYARDGRASS; INTERFERENCE; EMERGENCE; DENSITY; SEEDS AB Yellow foxtail [Setaria pumila syn. Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] competitive influence on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield was investigated at Brookings, South Dakota, and Morris, Minnesota, in 1995 and 1996. Yellow foxtail was seeded at different densities, and at Morris, two levels of nitrogen (N) were applied. Corn biomass measured at V-6 or V-8, silking, and harvest and grain yield were correlated negatively to foxtail biomass and density, but the loss differed between years and sites. Nitrogen increased corn growth and decreased yield loss. Defining a single foxtail density or biomass that resulted in a maximum yield loss of 10% was not possible. The most conservative estimate was 3 yellow foxtail 2 plants m(-2) or 24 g m(-2) of yellow foxtail biomass, but ranged up to 55 plants m(-2) and 256 g m(-2) when weather conditions and N were optimal. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insect Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM sharon.clay@sdstate.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1421 EP 1435 DI 10.1080/00103620600628813 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045UC UT WOS:000237767000017 ER PT J AU Penn, CJ Bryant, RB AF Penn, CJ Bryant, RB TI Incubation of dried and sieved soils can induce calcium phosphate precipitation/adsorption SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE incubations; phosphorus solubility ID PHOSPHORUS; RELEASE; AVAILABILITY; COEFFICIENTS; RETENTION; EXTRACTS; SORPTION; SAMPLES; RUNOFF; MANURE AB Soil incubations are a common practice typically employed in assessing the effect of some treatment on the availability and solubility of phosphorus (P). However, standard sample preparation (drying and sieving) can alter soil chemical and physical properties, resulting in possible changes in P behavior upon soil incubation. Sixty surface soil samples were collected, air dried, and sieved before being incubated at field capacity for 7 days. After incubation, soils were allowed to air dry and were analyzed along with nonincubated samples for pH and water- and Mehlich-3-extractable elements. Incubation increased pH and decreased water-soluble P, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) relative to nonincubated soils. Increases in pH may have been due to increased solubility of residual calcium carbonates by drying and sieving. This increase in pH among soils with sufficient levels of P, Ca, and Mg resulted in the formation of Ca and Mg phosphates as confirmed by chemical speciation modeling. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Penn, CJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM chad.penn@okstate.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1437 EP 1449 DI 10.1080/00103620600628904 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 045UC UT WOS:000237767000018 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Haney, EB Hossner, LR Arnold, JG AF Haney, RL Haney, EB Hossner, LR Arnold, JG TI Development of a new soil extractant for simultaneous phosphorus, ammonium, and nitrate analysis SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE chelate; extractant pH; Mehlich 3; Olsen; soil extractant; soil pH ID ROOT EXUDATION; RHIZOSPHERE; PHOSPHATE AB A new soil extractant (H(3)A) with the ability to extract NH4 , NO3 , and P from soil was developed and tested against 32 soils, which varied greatly in clay content, organic carbon (C), and soil pH. The extractant (H(3)A) eliminates the need for separate phosphorus (P) extractants for acid and calcareous soils and maintains the extract pH, on average, within one unit of the soil pH. The extractant is composed of organic root exudates, lithium citrate, and two synthetic chelators (DTPA, EDTA). The new soil extractant was tested against Mehlich 3, Olsen, and water for extractable P, and 1 M KCl and water-extractable NH4 and NO2/NO3 . The pH of the extractant after adding soil, shaking, and filtration was measured for each soil sample (5 extractantsx2 repsx32 soils=320 samples) and was shown to be highly influential on extractable P but has no effect on extractable NH4 or NO2/NO3 . H(3)A was highly correlated with soil-extractable inorganic N (NH4 , NO2/NO3 ) from both water (r=0.98) and 1 M KCl (r=0.97), as well as being significantly correlated with water (r=0.71), Mehlich 3 (r=0.83), and Olsen (r=0.84) for extractable P. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Railrd Commiss Texas, Surface Min & Reclamat Div, Austin, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM rhaney@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 1511 EP 1523 DI 10.1080/00103620600709977 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 050SH UT WOS:000238108000002 ER PT J AU Shahsavani, S Ardalan, M Sistani, KR AF Shahsavani, S. Ardalan, M. Sistani, K. R. TI Sulphate adsorption in soils of north and northeast Iran SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE adsorption; Golestan; irrigated soil; Khorasan; sulphate ID SULFUR AB Gypsum (CaSO(4) center dot 2H(2)O) is used in agriculture both as a source of calcium (Ca) and sulphate (SO(4)(2-) ) and as an amendment to improve soil structure. The effect of gypsum on the adsorption of SO 4 2- in irrigated and nonirrigated soils was examined. Almost all of the indigenous sulphate (SO(4) ) in a range of Golesthan and North Khorasan soils with moderate pH values (> 6) was found to be present in the soil solution and, as a consequence, was highly susceptible to leaching. The adsorption of sulphate to the soils receiving no gypsum was greater with correlation coefficient of r=0.91 at 0 kg S ha(-1) as compared to the soils received 40 kg ha(-1) of gypsum as fertilizer with the value of r=0.88 in Golesthan Province. The same trend was observed in Khorasan Province with r=0.79 and r=0.75 with soils receiving 0 and 40 kg S ha(-1) , respectively. The results were more pronounced in irrigated fields for both provinces. The amount of sulphate adsorption in Golesthan Province soils was comparatively greater than soils of Khorasan Province. The results raise questions regarding the efficiency of SO(4)-containing fertilizers in correcting and preventing S deficiency in situations where leaching is a concern. C1 Shahrood Univ Technol, Dept Agr, Shahrood, Iran. Univ Tehran, Dept Soil Sci, Karaj, Iran. USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Shahsavani, S (reprint author), Shahrood Univ Technol, Dept Agr, 7th Teer, Shahrood, Iran. EM shahsavani2001@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 1587 EP 1596 DI 10.1080/00103620600710173 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 050SH UT WOS:000238108000007 ER PT J AU Reck, WR Overman, AR AF Reck, WR Overman, AR TI Modeling effect of residual nitrogen on response of corn to applied nitrogen SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE corn; model; nitrogen ID LOGISTIC MODEL; FORAGE GRASS; YIELD; WATER AB The logistic model has been used extensively to describe crop response to applied nutrients and water availability. It contains three parameters that can be estimated from data by regression analysis. One of the parameters refers to the reference state of the system, either at zero applied nitrogen (N) or applied N to reach 50% of maximum yield (N-1/2). A negative value of N-1/2 indicates that the soil already contains more than enough N to reach 50% of maximum yield. In the present analysis, data from a field study at Watkinsville, Georgia, which measured response of corn [Zea mays (L.) Pers.] to applied N following plowunder of grass sod is used to verify this point. It was found that N-1/2 shifted from -50 kg ha(-1) in the first year to +25 kg ha(-1) after several years. Availability of N from decaying vegetation declined exponentially with time. The time constant for decomposition and nitrification was 2 years. Total amount of N released from the vegetation was estimated as 190 kg ha(-1) . C1 Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Overman, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM aroverman@ifas.ufl.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 1651 EP 1662 DI 10.1080/00103620600710298 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 050SH UT WOS:000238108000012 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Navare, DA Riga, E Pierce, FJ AF Collins, HP Navare, DA Riga, E Pierce, FJ TI Effect of foliar applied plant elicitors on microbial and nematode populations in the root zone of potato SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE BTH; harpin; microbial populations; nematodes; pathogens; plant elicitors of SAR ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; TOMATO AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a process whereby a plant that successfully resists a pathogen becomes highly resistant to subsequent infection not only by the original pathogen but also by a wide variety of pathogens. Most SAR research has focused on resistance in leaves, so much less is known about the effectiveness of foliar applications of SAR compounds in the protection of plant roots and associated microorganisms in soil. This study was conducted to determine if foliar SAR-inducing applications (BTH or harpin) negatively impact the potato root system beneficial rhizosphere microbial populations and activity or influence pathogenic nematode populations. Foliar applications of benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) and the microbial protein harpin applied in various combinations, timings, and rates showed no effects on microbial biomass, culturable bacteria, Pseudomonas populations, or N-mineralization potentials over 2 years. No stimulatory or inhibitory effects on major bacterial populations were observed, indicating that SAR induction does not have a negative effect on general microbial populations or activities. BTH and harpin both reduced the numbers of lesion nematodes ( Pratylenchus spp.) by potato harvest. BTH reduced root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi at the end of the season. In addition, BTH and high-dose harpin (applied at the 4x rate) reduced the nematode infection index in comparison to the control. The SAR elicitors increased the population densities of nontarget free-living nematodes in the soil compared to the control. Potato yields were not affected by plant elicitors but BTH and harpin both reduced the number of culled potatoes 26% compared to the control. Future studies are designed to determine if these plant elicitors have any direct effect on rhizosphere diversity or if plants with active defense pathways alter carbon flow and root exudates into the soil. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Prosser, WA USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hcollins@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1080/00103620600710538 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 050SH UT WOS:000238108000019 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Mostafa, SM Varco, JJ Rowe, DE Sistani, KR AF Adeli, A Mostafa, SM Varco, JJ Rowe, DE Sistani, KR TI Effects of swine lagoon effluent and commercial fertilizer applications on phosphorus status of an acid and alkaline soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE swine effluent; acid soil; alkaline soil; phosphorus fraction; commercial fertilizer ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; MANURE; FORMS; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; NITROGEN; SORPTION; LITTER; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Two separate field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of swine lagoon effluent relative to inorganic fertilizer at equivalent rates on phosphorus (P) status of an acidic Vaiden (very fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Aquic Dystrudert) and an alkaline Okolona (fine, montmorillonitic, therimic, Typic Chromudert) silty clay soil. In each site, a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Treatments were replicated four times. Cumulative swine lagoon effluent P application rates for the year 1994 through 1996 were 0, 59, 121, and 175 kg P ha(-1) on the Vaiden soil and 0, 72, 148, and 223 kg P ha(-1) on the Okolona soil. In each replication, commercial fertilizer P at rates equivalent to swine effluent P application were also included. For both sites, soil P concentration increased with increasing swine effluent and commercial fertilizer P applications. No significant difference in soil P level was observed between two P sources. At high application rate, desorbed P was 1.20 and 0.59 mg P kg(-1) in the Okolona and Vaiden soil respectively. In the Vaiden soil, P adsorption approached the maximum for equilibrium P concentration greater than 600 mg L-1 . However, Okolona soil displayed a linear adsorption potential with application of swine effluent P. Among P fractions, NH4Cl-P and HCl-P concentrations increased the most compared to the check in both Okolona and Vaiden soils. Results indicated that P status differs between the soils, but no significant differences in P concentration were obtained between swine lagoon effluent and commercial fertilizer, suggesting that both P sources had similar effect on soil P after 3 years of application. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aadeli@msa_msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 13-14 BP 2011 EP 2030 DI 10.1080/00103620600770342 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 054YK UT WOS:000238414300016 ER PT J AU Burt, R Wilson, MA Lee, CW AF Burt, Rebecca Wilson, Michael A. Lee, Chris W. TI Use of soil survey mapping and sampling for determining geochemistry of regions SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE major and trace elements; mapping units; pedology; soil geochemistry; soil survey ID PREDICTION AB The U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) information about geographic distribution of soils is based on landforms and soil-forming factors. A recent effort was initiated to determine the geochemistry of soils that are sampled as part of the routine NCSS work. The objectives of this article are to describe the mapping and site selection procedures, utility of these procedures in the geochemical analysis of soils, and the work and future direction of the Soil Geochemistry Program that was developed for this effort. This program was created within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), for the purposes of instituting and monitoring the quality of laboratory geochemical methods and data, investigating the distribution of natural elemental concentrations in soils, and providing leadership in the application of geochemical data for NRCS. The soil survey has typically used the representative pedon concept as a basis for site selection, determined from the evaluation of soil morphology and component landforms within mapping units. The intent of this concept is to extend limited point data to geographic coverage. A geospatial database was compiled, containing major and trace element data for selected NCSS pedons. These data are provided with depth for major diagnostic horizons. Although initial geochemistry efforts have concentrated on benchmark soils to facilitate evaluation of source factors and broaden the utility of the data, this dataset includes both anthropogenic and nonanthropogenic soils. Future efforts require the investigation of geochemical variability of mapping units and the pedogenic redistribution of trace elements within soil landscapes. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68522 USA. RP Burt, R (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68522 USA. EM rebecca.burt@lin.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 15-20 BP 2119 EP 2125 DI 10.1080/00103620600817085 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 093QP UT WOS:000241183900003 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Wolf, AM Beegle, DB Elliott, HA Weld, JL Brandt, R AF Kleinman, Peter J. A. Sharpley, Andrew N. Wolf, Ann M. Beegle, Douglas B. Elliott, Herschel A. Weld, Jennifer L. Brandt, Robin TI Developing an environmental manure test for the phosphorus index SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Water extractable phosphorus; livestock manure; biosolids; phosphorus runoff ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SIMULATED RAINFALL; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANAGEMENT; PASTURES; LITTER AB Widespread implementation of the phosphorus (P) index has focused attention on environmental manure tests that can be used to estimate the relative availability of P in manure to runoff water. This article describes the development and use of a water extractable P (WEP) test to assess the capacity of land-applied manure to enrich P in runoff water. WEP of surface-applied manure has been shown to be strongly correlated to dissolved P concentrations in runoff from agricultural soils. WEP tests that have a defined water-to-manure-solids ratio and involve extraction times of 30 to 120 min provide the best prediction of dissolved P in runoff across a wide range of manures. Consistent measurement of manure WEP can be achieved with manure sample storage times of up to 22 days (4 degrees C), acidified extract holding times of 18 days, and solid separation by either centrifugation or paper filtration. Reproducibility of WEP tests is comparable to that of other common manure tests (e.g., total P), as verified by within-laboratory and inter laboratory evaluations. A survey of 140 livestock manures revealed significant differences in mean WEP among different livestock manures, with swine greater than poultry (turkey, broiler and layer chickens) and dairy cattle greater than beef cattle. Such results support the use of WEP-based coefficients to modify the source component of the P index. C1 USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Agr Analyt Serv Lab, University Pk, PA USA. Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, University Pk, PA USA. Penn State Univ, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, University Pk, PA USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM peter.kleinman@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 15-20 BP 2137 EP 2155 DI 10.1080/00103620600817242 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 093QP UT WOS:000241183900005 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Follett, RF McCarty, GW Kimble, JM AF Reeves, James B., III Follett, Ronald F. McCarty, Gregory W. Kimble, John M. TI Can near or mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy be used to determine soil carbon pools? SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE carbon; soil; SOC; SIC; delta C-13 ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB The objective of this study was to compare mid-infrared (MIR) an near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (MIRS and NIRS, respectively) not only to measure soil carbon content, but also to measure key soil organic C (SOC) fractions and the delta C-13 in a highly diverse set of soils while also assessing the feasibility of establishing regional diffuse reflectance calibrations for these fractions. Two hundred and thirty-seven soil samples were collected from 14 sites in 10 western states (CO, IA, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NM, OK, TX). Two subsets of these were examined for a variety of C measures by conventional assays and NIRS and MIRS. Biomass C and N, soil inorganic C ( SIC), SOC, total C, identifiable plant material (IPM) C1 USDA ARS, AMBL, BARC, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, AMBL, BARC, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jreeves@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 15-20 BP 2307 EP 2325 DI 10.1080/00103620600819461 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 093QP UT WOS:000241183900017 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA McMurtry, JP AF Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA McMurtry, JP TI Studies on doses of methimazole (MMI) and its administration regimen on broiler metabolism SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; methimazole; metabolism; thyroid hormones; lipogenesis ID DIETARY THYROID-HORMONES; ENZYME MESSENGER-RNA; GROWTH-HORMONE; MALIC ENZYME; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; LIPID-METABOLISM; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKENS; INVITRO; PLASMA AB We designed three experiments to determine both the optimal dose of and time on experiment for methimazole (MMI; 1-methyl-2-mercaptimidazole). Our goals were to determine if chicken growth was related to thyroid hormone levels and if intermediary metabolism changed along with changes in thyroid hormone levels. Initiating MMI at one week of age decreased (P < 0.01) plasma thyroid levels and growth in four-week old birds. In contrast, initiating MMI at two and three weeks of age decreased (P < 0.05) hormone levels without affecting growth as severely. Although initiating MMI at two weeks of age depressed (P < 0.05) plasma thyroid hormones at four weeks, there was little change in vitro lipogenesis at four weeks. Again, initiating MMI at one week of age decreased body weight, plasma thyroid hormones and in vitro lipogenesis at four weeks of age. In addition, this treatment also decreased (P < 0.05) malic enzyme activity at this same age period. The second experiment showed that MMI, initiated at 14 days, had no significant effect on 28-day body weight and again decreased both plasma T-3 and T-4 but T3 replacement increased plasma T3 in both 14-28-day treatment groups. All body weights were similar at 30 days, however. Lastly, diets containing graded levels of MMI decreased thyroid hormones and body weight (0 > 0.25 > 0.5 > 1 g MMI/kg). In contrast, only the two higher levels (0.5 and I g MMI/kg) decreased in vitro lipogenesis. Growth depression, caused by MMI feeding, can occur without changes in lipid metabolism. The length of MMI administration may be as important as dose level in obtaining effects (growth, thyroid hormone depression and inhibition of lipogenesis). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC EAST, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC EAST, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200 Room 212,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Rosebro@ANRI.BARC.USDA.GOV NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 143 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.019 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 013WF UT WOS:000235440000003 PM 16337159 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP Ramachandran, R McMurtry, JP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP Ramachandran, R McMurtry, JP TI Characterization of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in chickens SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMPK; chicken; energy balance; gene expression; hypothalamus; LKB1; MO25; protein kinase; phosphorylation; STRAD ID GAMMA-SUBUNIT ISOFORMS; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; REGULATING FOOD-INTAKE; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOMESTIC-FOWL; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE; NONCATALYTIC BETA; GLUCOSE-UPTAKE AB In mammals, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and, on the whole animal level, in regulating energy balance and food intake. Because the chicken is a valuable experimental animal model and considering that a first draft of the chicken genome sequence has recently been completed, we were interested in verifying the genetic basis for the LKB1/AMPK pathway in chickens. We identified distinct gene homologues for AMPK alpha, beta and gamma subunits and for LKB1, MO25 and STRAD. Analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR showed that liver, brain, kidney, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, abdominal fat and hypothalamus from 3 wk-old broiler chickens preferentially expressed AMPK. alpha-1, beta-2 and gamma-1 subunit isoforms. Heart predominantly expressed alpha-2, beta-2 and gamma-1, whereas skeletal muscle expressed alpha-2, beta-2 and gamma-3 preferentially. Moreover, the AMPK gamma-3 gene was only expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Genes encoding LKB1, MO25 alpha, MO25 beta, and STRAD beta were expressed in all examined tissues, whereas STRAD alpha was expressed exclusively in brain, hypothalamus, heart and skeletal muscle. Alterations in energy status (fasting and refeeding) produced little significant change in AMPK subunit gene transcription. We also determined the level of phosphorylated (active) AMPK in different tissues and in different states of energy balance. Immunocytochemical analysis of the chicken hypothalamus showed that activated AMPK was present in hypothalamic nuclei involved in regulation of food intake and energy balance. Together, these findings suggest a functional LKB1/AMPK pathway exists in chickens similar to that observed in mammals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 218,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monika@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 80 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 143 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.009 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 003SS UT WOS:000234702500011 PM 16343965 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Waters, WR Rudolph, KM Drew, ML AF Sacco, RE Waters, WR Rudolph, KM Drew, ML TI Comparative nitric oxide production by LPS-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages from Ovis canadensis and Ovis aries SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mannheimia haemolytica; lipopolysaccharide; bighorn sheep; domestic sheep; macrophage; nitric oxide ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; DOMESTIC SHEEP; BIGHORN SHEEP; SYNTHASE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; INDUCTION AB Bighorn sheep are more susceptible to respiratory infection by Mannheimia haemolytica than are domestic sheep. In response to bacterial challenge, macrophages produce a number of molecules that play key roles in the inflammatory response, including highly reactive nitrogen intermediates such as nitric oxide (NO). Supernatants from monocyte-derived macrophages cultured with M. haemolytica LPS were assayed for nitric oxide activity via measurement of the NO metabolite, nitrite. In response to LPS stimulation, bighorn sheep macrophages secreted significantly higher levels of NO compared to levels for non-stimulated macrophages. In contrast, levels of NO produced by domestic sheep macrophages in response to M. haemolytica LPS did not differ from levels detected in non-stimulated cell cultures. Nitrite levels detected in supernatants of LPS-stimulated bighorn macrophage cultures treated with an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine, were similar to that observed in non-stimulated cultures indicating a role for the iNOS pathway. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2005.11.001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 028XY UT WOS:000236523300001 PM 16460804 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L TI Effect of soy protein concentrate in elastomer composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE particle-reinforcement; mechanical properties; rheological properties; soy protein concentrate ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LATEX FILMS; FILLER NETWORKING; RUBBER COMPOSITES; RECOVERY KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; PRODUCTS; POLYMERS AB Soy protein concentrate (SPC) is an abundant renewable material and is more economically favorable than soy protein isolate. SPC contains both soy protein and soy carbohydrate. An aqueous dispersion of SPC was blended with styrene-butadiene latex to form elastomer composites. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate in addition to soy protein in the composites increased the shear elastic modulus in the small strain region as well as improved the recovery behavior in the non-linear region. At small strain, the equilibrium elastic modulus of 30% filled composites at 140 degrees C was about 600 times higher than that of the unfilled elastomer, indicating a significant reinforcement effect generated by SPC. Compared with soy protein isolate, the stress softening effect and recovery behavior under dynamic strain indicated that the addition of soy carbohydrate might have increased the filler-rubber interaction. The behavior of modulus decrease with increasing strain is also different between SPC and protein composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jongl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 438 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.042 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 019GZ UT WOS:000235824900008 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Somwaru, A Tuan, F AF Diao, Xinshen Somwaru, Agapi Tuan, Francis BE Doi, M TI Regional and National Perspectives of China's Integration into the WTO: A CGE Inquiry with Emphasis on the Agricultural Sector SO COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACHES IN URBAN AND REGIONAL POLICY STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Diao, Xinshen] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Somwaru, Agapi; Tuan, Francis] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Diao, XS (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-711-6 PY 2006 BP 269 EP 295 DI 10.1142/9789812707116_0013 PG 27 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BYW77 UT WOS:000300660900014 ER PT S AU Shao, GF Reynolds, KM AF Shao, Guofan Reynolds, Keith M. BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI Digital forestry - Introduction SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE digital forestry; sustainable forest management; remote sensing; geographic information systems; visualization; decision support systems ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; GIS; VISUALIZATION; GROWTH; RESOURCES; MODELS; FUTURE; SUCCESSION; ECOLOGY; TREES AB This chapter introduces the concept of digital forestry, and explains how it has provided the motivation for this volume. We also provide a brief overview of some major disciplinary areas as a prelude to more in-depth discussions of subsequent chapters, introduce the remaining chapters of this volume, and describe the goals and objectives of this work. C1 [Shao, Guofan] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Reynolds, Keith M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NorthWest Res Stn, Dept Agr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shao, GF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4387-1_1 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400001 ER PT S AU Andersen, HE Reutebuch, SE McGaughey, RJ AF Andersen, Hans-Erik Reutebuch, Stephen E. McGaughey, Robert J. BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI Active remote sensing SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE interferometry; laser scanning; RADAR; accuracy; forest; vegetation; survey; lidar; IFSAR; DEM ID FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS; AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; LIDAR DATA; ECOSYSTEM; INVENTORY; CANOPY; HEIGHT; MODELS; TREES; RADAR AB The development of remote sensing technologies increases the potential to support more precise, efficient, and ecologically-sensitive approaches to forest resource management. One of the primary requirements of precision forest management is accurate and detailed 3D spatial data relating to the type and condition of forest stands and characteristics of the underlying terrain surface. A new generation of high-resolution, active remote sensing technologies, including airborne laser scanning (LIDAR) and interferometric synthetic aperture RADAR (IFSAR) have the capability to provide direct, 3D measurements of forest canopy structure and topography. High resolution LIDAR can be used to measure attributes of individual tree crowns composing the overstory forest canopy. In addition, metrics based upon the lidar height distribution are highly correlated with critical forest structure variables, such as dominant height, basal area, stem volume, and biomass. IFSAR is a microwave remote sensing technology that is also capable of providing 3D positions of backscattering elements within a forest scene. While IFSAR typically provides measurements of lower resolution and accuracy than LIDAR, it has an all-weather capability and is acquired at a much lower cost per unit area. In addition, the use of multiple-frequency RADAR systems allows for the collection of information on different scene components. For example, long-wavelength P-band energy penetrates through the canopy and reflects mainly from the terrain surface, while short-wavelength X-band energy reflects from the first reflective surface. Therefore, the difference between the X-band (canopy) surface measurements and the P-band (terrain) surface will yield vegetation height information. In this chapter, we will describe the basic principles of these active remote sensing technologies in the context of forest canopy inventory and terrain mapping, and present an example of their application within a Pacific Northwest conifer forest. C1 [Andersen, Hans-Erik] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reutebuch, Stephen E.; McGaughey, Robert J.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Station, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andersen, HE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 43 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4387-1_3 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400003 ER PT S AU Reynolds, KM Schmoldt, DL AF Reynolds, Keith M. Schmoldt, Daniel L. BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI Computer-aided decision making SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE decision support; decision making; optimization; expert systems; networks; multi-criteria decision models; integrated systems ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; UNITED-STATES; RED PINE; MANAGEMENT; SUPPORT; SYSTEM; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION AB Several major classes of software technologies have been used in decision making for forest management applications over the past few decades. These computer-based technologies include optimization, expert systems, network models, multi-criteria decision making, and integrated systems. Each technology possesses unique advantages and disadvantages, and has been applied differentially to decision making in forestry. Several example DSS highlight the incorporation of these various technologies for vastly different management problems. Likely future development trends for decision support technologies over the next few decades include: Internet implementations, agent-based applications, increased social science components, and participatory decision making. As with most other computer applications, in general, we expect that decision support will transition to ever smaller devices that will take advantage of ubiquitous computing. C1 [Reynolds, Keith M.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NorthWest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Cooperat State Res Edu & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NorthWest Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4387-1_8 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400008 ER PT S AU Haynes, R Adams, D Ince, P Mills, J Alig, R AF Haynes, Richard Adams, Darius Ince, Peter Mills, John Alig, Ralph BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI Bioeconomic and market models SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE forest sector modeling; policy analysis; supply; demand ID UNITED-STATES; AREA CHANGES; LAND-USE; COVER AB The United States has a century of experience with the development of models that describe markets for forest products and trends in resource conditions. In the last four decades, increasing rigor in policy debates has stimulated the development of models to support policy analysis. Increasingly, research has evolved (often relying on computer-based models) to increase understanding of consumer demands, producer behavior, landowner behavior, and conditions of the timber resource. Greater computational power available since the mid 1970s has allowed the evolution of bioeconomic models that combine economic and resource models. These are used in the United States to provide the basis for forecasting future resource and market trends and to inform policy analysis. These more complex models have also extended options for policy analysis using approaches such as scenario planning to help decision makers gauge uncertainty. C1 [Haynes, Richard; Mills, John] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Adams, Darius] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ince, Peter] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Alig, Ralph] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haynes, R (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 171 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4387-1_9 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400009 ER PT S AU Wimberly, MC Zhang, YJ Stanturf, JA AF Wimberly, Michael C. Zhang, Yangjian Stanturf, John A. BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI Digital forestry in the Wildland-Urban Interface SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI); Geographic Information Systems (GIS); spatial modeling; wildfire risk; fuel reduction; prescribed fire ID UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE HAZARD; LAND-COVER; EAST TEXAS; FUEL LOADS; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT AB Growing human populations have led to the expansion of the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) across the southeastern United States. The juxtaposition of buildings, infrastructure, and forests in the VVUI creates challenges for natural resource managers. The presence of flammable vegetation, high rates of human-caused ignitions and high building densities combine to increase risks of catastrophic loss from wildfire in the WUI. At the same time, fragmentation of large ownerships into smaller parcels and changing demographics may limit the possibilities for managing fuels with prescribed fire. To make effective decisions in this environment, land managers will need to integrate a large volume of information characterizing the physical features, biological characteristics, and human dimensions of these landscapes. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are crucial in this regard, but they must also be integrated with field surveys, fire behavior models, and decision-support tools to carry out risk assessments and develop management plans for the WUI. This chapter outlines the types of geospatial datasets that are currently available to map fuels and fire risk, provides examples of how GIS has been applied in the WUI, and suggests future directions for the integration of GIS datasets and spatial models to support forest management in the WUI. C1 [Wimberly, Michael C.] South Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhang, Yangjian] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Stanturf, John A.] USDA, Forest Serv Southern Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 201 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-4387-1_10 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400010 ER PT S AU Reynolds, KM Shao, GF AF Reynolds, Keith M. Shao, Guofan BE Shao, G Reynolds, KM TI From data to sustainable forests - Towards digital forestry SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: INCLUDING PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Digital Forestry CY JUN 13-19, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Soc Amer Foresters, Chinese Acad Sci DE digital forestry; data acquisition; data analysis; information integration; forest sustainability; interoperability AB We begin by introducing a simple process model that represents the classic process of getting from data about the forest to management actions. An analogous process in the context of sustainable forest management would be vastly more complicated, so object-oriented analysis and design provides a better starting point for thinking about designing a system of interoperable systems needed to support sustainable forestry. The evolution of such systems will be facilitated by a new breed of forester whom we call the digital forester: students well versed in the collaborative application of today's simpler systems. C1 [Reynolds, Keith M.] USDA, Pacific NorthWest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shao, Guofan] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), USDA, Pacific NorthWest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-4305-8 J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 261 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry SC Computer Science; Forestry GA BFI22 UT WOS:000241980400013 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Cartwright, RD Xie, WP Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Cartwright, RD Xie, WP Shier, WT TI Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of corn (maize, Zea mays) hybrids in Arkansas SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; fumonisin; corn hybrids; maize; mycotoxins; heat stress; drought; insect damage; ear rots; Aspergillus; Fusarium ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; KERNEL INFECTION; FIELD CORN; B-1; MYCOTOXINS; GRAIN; PROLIFERATUM; MISSISSIPPI; MYCOFLORA AB A severe infestation by aflatoxin-producing fungi diminished food quality of southern United States corn (maize) in 1998. Corn hybrids (65) naturally infected with Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were evaluated from 1998 to 2001 for resistance to mycotoxin contamination. Kernel corn samples were assayed at harvest for aflatoxins and fumonisins. In 1998, samples from all hybrids exceeded 20 ppb aflatoxin (mean levels: 21-699 ppb) and 2 ppm fumonisins (mean levels: 23-79 ppm), the maximum levels permitted by United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Samples from hybrids planted in the same and other locations in Arkansas in 1999 and 2001 were shown by similar methods to contain aflatoxin levels ranging from not detected to 255.3 ppb and fumonisin levels from 0.3 to 83.6 ppm. The fumonisin levels in 2001 were very high in all hybrids, ranging from 8 to 83.6 ppm while aflatoxin levels were low ranging from < 5 in most hybrids to 131 ppb. The presence of aflatoxin B(1) and B(2) in samples was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and fumonisins B(1), B(2), B(3), B(4) and C(4) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. During the period studied, a positive correlation was observed between aflatoxin and fumonisin levels, indicating that natural infection with Fusarium spp. did not appear to protect against aflatoxin production. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.009 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 985BG UT WOS:000233350500001 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Ribbing, L Williams, MM AF Ortiz-Ribbing, L Williams, MM TI Potential of Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi, as bioherbicides for several weedy Amaranthus species SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; mycoherbicide; biological control; integrated weed management ID APOSPHAERIA-AMARANTHI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SUPPRESSION; COMPETITION; RESISTANCE; HERBICIDES; RUDIS AB Several plants in the genus Amaranthus are weeds in cropping systems throughout the world, and some biotypes have developed resistance to a number of herbicide families. In an effort to develop alternative, biologically based weed management tactics, studies were initiated to quantify the selective ability of two fungal organisms to several Amaranthus species. Response of weed seedlings to Microsphaeropsis amaranthi (3 x 10(6) conidia.ml(-1)), Phomopsis amaranthicola (I x 10(7) conidia.ml(-1)), and a mixture of the two organisms (1.5 x 10(6) + 4 x 10(6) conidia.ml(-1), M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola, respectively) were tested Linder controlled and field conditions at Urbana, I L in 2004. Weeds included Amaranthus rudis; A. palmeri; A. powellii; A. retroflexus; A. spinosus; A. hybridus; A. albus; and A. blitoicits. Seeds of each species were sown in the greenhouse, and conidial suspensions were applied at the 2- to 4-leaf stage, and then pots were placed either in a dew chamber (24 h) and back in the greenhouse, or in the inter-row of a soybean field. Treatment with fungal organisms infected most weeds, reducing growth and survival, although responses in the greenhouse were less than those observed in the field. Percent seedling mortality for A. albus and A. blitoides were between 80 and 100%, 14 to 15 DAT for the mixture or M. amaranthi alone, in greenhouse and field trials. In the greenhouse, the mixture of two organisms and M. amaranthi alone significantly reduced A. albus and A. blitoides height. Fungal treatments reduced biomass of A. powellii, A. albus and A. blitoides. In field experiments, ail eight weed species treated with M. amaranthi or the mixture of both organisms had severe disease ratings 15 DAT, and mortality ranged from 74% to 100%. In addition, these treatments reduced biomass of A. rudis, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. hybridus, and A. albus. Height of A. rudis, A. hybridus, and A. albus was reduced by all fungal treatments. This research indicates seedlings of several Amaranthus species are susceptible to conidial suspensions of P. amaranthicola and M. amaranthi in both controlled and field environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ortiz-Ribbing, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, S-306 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ortizrib@uiuc.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.021 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 985BG UT WOS:000233350500005 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Schumacher, L Wang, N D'Achino, J Barker, RE AF Reed, BM Schumacher, L Wang, N D'Achino, J Barker, RE TI Cryopreservation of bermudagrass germplasm by encapsulation dehydration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; SHOOT TIPS; MERISTEMS; RECOVERY; REGROWTH; CULTURES; STORAGE AB Genetic conservation of vegetatively-propagated grasses requires intensive care of pot cultures or carefully separated field plots. Even with intensive care, there is high risk of mechanical contamination and loss of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Medium- and long-term storage of this germplasm would be more cost effective and provide a backup for field or greenhouse germplasm collections. Cynodon spp. (bermudagrass and stargrass) germplasm is typically maintained as growing plants in breeders' collections. The development of a long-term storage protocol for Cynodon in liquid nitrogen (LN) could provide a secure backup of these collections. A diverse group of Cynodon taxa was evaluated for long-term storage in LN at -196 degrees C. The encapsulation and dehydration (ED) cryopreservation protocol was most effective when combined with a 1- to 4-wk cold-acclimation period and dehydration to 19 to 23% moisture before exposure to LN. Nineteen of the 25 accessions (76%) had > 40% regrowth. Thirty shoot tips of each of 25 Cynodon accessions are now stored at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, and 50 shoot tips are held at the National Center for Germplasm Resources Preservation (NCGRP) in Fort Collins, CO, as a long-term backup in LN. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@ars-grin.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0620 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700002 ER PT J AU Bi, IV McMullen, MD Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S Gardiner, J Polacco, M Soderlund, C Wing, R Fang, Z Coe, EH AF Bi, IV McMullen, MD Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S Gardiner, J Polacco, M Soderlund, C Wing, R Fang, Z Coe, EH TI Single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion-deletions for genetic markers and anchoring the maize fingerprint contig physical map SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; FLANKING REGIONS; MAYS L.; ZEA; GENOME; PEDIGREE; MICROSATELLITES; HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY; PATTERNS AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels) are becoming important genetic markers for major crop species. In this study we demonstrate their utility for locating fingerprint contigs (FPCs) to the genetic map. To derive SNP and InDel markers, we amplified genomic regions corresponding to 3000 unigenes across 12 maize (Zea mays L.) lines, of which 194 unigenes (6.4%) showed size polymorphism InDels between B73 and Mo17 on agarose gels. The analysis of these InDels in 83 diverse inbred lines showed that InDels are often multiallelic markers in maize. Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery conducted on 592 unigenes revealed that 44% of the unigenes contained B73/Mo17 SNPs, while 8% showed no sequence variation among the 12 inbred lines. On average, SNPs and InDels occurred every 73 and 309 bp, respectively. Multiple SNPs within unigenes led to a SNP-haplotype genetic diversity of 0.61 among inbreds. The unigenes were previously assigned to maize FPCs by overgo hybridization. From this set of unigenes, 311 (133 SNP and 178 InDel) loci were mapped on the intermated B73 X Mo17 (IBM) high-resolution mapping population. These markers provided unambiguous anchoring of 129 FPCs and orientation for 30 contigs. The FPC anchored map of maize will be useful for map-based cloning, for genome sequencing efforts in maize, and for comparative genomics in grasses. The amplification primers for all mapped InDel and SNP loci, the diversity information for SNPs and InDels, and the corresponding overgoes to anchor bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs are provided as genetic resources. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arizona, BIO5 Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Computat Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bi, IV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM biv2@comell.edu OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0706 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700003 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Brewer, MJ Porter, DR AF Mornhinweg, DW Brewer, MJ Porter, DR TI Effect of Russian wheat aphid on yield and yield components of field grown susceptible and resistant spring barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; GERMPLASM AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (RWA), can be devastating to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the western USA. RWA-resistant barley germplasm lines have been developed that control RWA without the use of environmentally detrimental and economically expensive insecticides. This study was conducted to determine if seedling RWA resistance ratings, utilized to develop resistant germplasm lines from greenhouse screenings, accurately predict field performance measured as grain yield and to determine the effect of RWA on yield and yield components of RWA-resistant barley germplasm lines and cultivars differing in seedling RWA resistant rating. Resistant lines and susceptible cultivars were planted at two field locations in Wyoming. Plots were artificially infested with RWA while controls were kept aphid free with pesticide application. Highly resistant lines maintained or increased yield components and grain yield (average grain yield increase 5%) under RWA feeding pressure. Susceptible cultivars had a large reduction in yield components and grain yield (average reduction 56%). The response of moderately resistant and moderately susceptible lines was intermediate and continuous between the resistant and susceptible lines with an average reduction of 20% in grain yield. Seedling resistance ratings accurately predict field performance, providing a more economical, timely, and efficient means of selecting RWA-resistant germplasm lines for release. C1 USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Michigan State Univ, Integrated Pest Management Program, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0768 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700006 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Heatherly, LG Fritschi, FB AF Ray, JD Heatherly, LG Fritschi, FB TI Influence of large amounts of nitrogen on nonirrigated and irrigated soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID N-2 FIXATION; GRAIN PRODUCTION; SEASON NITROGEN; SOIL-WATER; ACCUMULATION; NODULATION; DROUGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FERTILIZATION; LIMITATIONS AB Nitrogen supplied by N-2 fixation to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may not be sufficient to maximize yield. Field studies were conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004 on Sharkey clay soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (33 degrees 26' N lat). The objective was to determine the effect of high rates of N applied as a replacement for N, fixation in nonirrigated and irrigated environments. Eight cultivars ranging from Maturity Group II to IV were planted on 17 Apr. 2002, 2 Apr. 2003, and 25 Mar. 2004. Not all cultivars were evaluated in all 3 yr. Glyphosate herbicide was used in all 3 yr and a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment was applied in 2002. Cultivars grown in 2003 were also evaluated under an application of 21.3 kg ha(-1) of Mn. All cultivar, herbicide, and Mn treatments were evaluated in irrigated and nonirrigated environments with fertilizer N (PlusN treatment) or without fertilizer N (ZeroN treatment). In the PlusN treatment, granular NH4NO3 was surface applied at soybean emergence at rates of 290 kg ha-1 in 2002, 310 kg ha-1 in 2003, and 360 kg ha(-1) in 2004. When analyzed over all management practices (years, cultivars, herbicide, and Mn treatments), the PlusN treatment resulted in significantly decreased ureide concentration (57.2 and 53.5% reduction) and significantly increased biomass accumulation (14.1 and 16.7%), N accumulation (12.8 and 28.1%), and seed yield (7.7 and 15.5%) for the irrigated and nonirrigated environments, respectively. The majority of the yield increase in each environment resulted from increased number of seed (9.5% irrigated and 16.2% nonirrigated). These results confirm the sensitivity of N-2 fixation to drought and indicate that N-2 fixation may limit yield of soybean grown in both irrigated and nonirrigated environments of the midsouthern USA, and that N-2 fixation deficiencies occur before the beginning of processes that determine number of seed. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Ray, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jray@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0043 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700008 ER PT J AU Israel, DW Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW AF Israel, DW Kwanyuen, P Burton, JW TI Genetic variability for phytic acid phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in seeds of soybeans in maturity groups V, VI, and VII SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; REGISTRATION; PHYTATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHATES; SOJA AB Phytic acid (PA; myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] meal is a major source of P in animal excreta, a serious environmental pollutant. Genetic mutants in which seed PA is reduced by 60% have been developed. The objectives were to assess (i) natural variation in seed PA-P and inorganic phosphorus (P) concentrations in soybean breeding lines and cultivars of Maturity Groups (MGs) V, VI, and VII; (ii) genotype X environment (G X E) interactions for Pi and PA-P, and (iii) relations among PA-P, P-i, and seed protein concentrations. Three sets of cultivars and breeding tines were tested separately in two or three environments. Variation among lines was highly significant, ranging from 3.77 to 5.07 g kg(-1) PA-P and from 0.19 to 0.37 g kg(-1) P-i. The G X E interactions were highly significant for Pi concentration, but significant variation for PA-P concentration was observed only among cultivars, not across environments nor as G X E interactions. Rank correlation coefficients for P-i concentrations between environments were large (0.65-0.88), suggesting that the G X E interactions were due to differences in average P-i concentration in various environments. Variation in seed protein was highly significant in all three sets, but protein was not correlated with PA-P and was correlated with P-i (r = 0.56) only in the MG V breeding lines test. Therefore, genetic relationships between protein and either PA-P or P-i could not be established. Significant natural genetic variation indicates that PA level of potential adapted parents may be useful in breeding low-PA soybeans. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3131 Williams Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dan_israel@ncsu.edu NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0076 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700010 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Larson, SR Waldron, BL Asay, KH AF Jensen, KB Larson, SR Waldron, BL Asay, KH TI Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of hybrids between 6x, 4x, and 2x ploidy levels in crested wheatgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; REGISTRATION; AFLP; CRISTATUM; MARKERS AB The crested wheatgrass cultivar 'Hycrest,' which consists of germplasm from an induced tetraploid of Agropuron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28) (L.) Gaertn. and a natural tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) of A. desertorum (Fisch. Ex Link) Schultes, was hybridized with a promising broadleaf hexaploid (6x-BL; 2n = 6x = 42) accession of A. cristarum from the USSR. The goal was to combine the wide leaf characteristic and green color retention from the 6x-BL parent into a common gene pool. The crossability between Hycrest (4x) and 6x-BL (6x) was excellent; however, chromosome pairing was irregular and chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 27 to 41. Leaf morphology in Hycrest/6x-BL hybrids was intermediate to that of the parents. Selected F, pentaploid progenies (2n = 5x = 35), with leaf widths approaching that of the 6x-BL parent, were backcrossed to Hycrest (Hycrest*2/6x-BL), and then crossed among themselves (Hycrest*2/6x-BL//Hycrest*Zffir-BL). In the backcross hybrid, chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 28 to 39. Meiotically, 28 chromosome backcross hybrid plants were more stable than aneuploid backcross hybrids. The broadleaf character was readily detected in the backcross progeny. In Hycrest/6x-BL1/Hycrest/6x-BL hybrids, chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 33 to 45. Despite the hybrid origin, all aneuploid hybrids had an increased number of univalents and chromosome associations that involved more than four chromosomes. AFLP analysis reflected genetic introgression from the 6x-BL parent beyond that observed in Hycrest. Results support earlier conclusions that the crested wheatgrass complex should be treated as a common gene pool. C1 Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 36 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0148 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700015 ER PT J AU Burns, JC AF Burns, JC TI Grazing research in the humid east: A historical perspective SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ANTI-QUALITY FACTORS; TALL FESCUE PASTURE; STEER PERFORMANCE; REED CANARYGRASS; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; KENTUCKY-31 FESCUE; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; MILK PRODUCTION; DRY-MATTER; YIELD AB A historical perspective of the major developments in grazing research for the humid Eastern USA was addressed. Consideration was given to the emergence of the area of grazing research relative to the initial structure of agricultural institutions, the orientation of scientist within the constraints of the institutional boundaries (departments) and the carry-through noted today. Early grazing research was constrained to the informal literature and discussed as informational, demonstrational, and experimental. The milestones that have been achieved, including statistical application, conceptual assessment, description of grazing management, methods of computing pasture yields, the origin and use of put-and-take stocking, pasture and animal biomass relationships, choice of stocking method, flexible grazing, and measurements in recent grazing research are presented and discussed relative to their origin and application. Furthermore, consideration was given to a number of important innovations with origin in the humid East that have contributed to the advancement of grazing research. Finally, brief consideration is given to future priority areas of grazing research and associated constraints. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Cooperat Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 158 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0185 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700017 ER PT J AU Schmer, MR Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Moser, LE Eskridge, KM Perrin, RK AF Schmer, MR Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Moser, LE Eskridge, KM Perrin, RK TI Establishment stand thresholds for switchgrass grown as a bioenergy crop SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIG BLUESTEM; SEEDING RATE; GRASSES; ENERGY AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season (C-4) perennial grass and a potential bioenergy crop. On-farm switchgrass field scale trials, which were initiated to obtain economic production information for switchgrass grown as a bioenergy crop in the northern Plains, provided information on establishment year stands and post-establishment year yields and stands both within and across fields and were used to determine if a stand threshold exists for switchgrass grown as a biomass energy crop. Switchgrass was seeded in 10 cropland fields, ranging in size from 3 to 9.5 ha, in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota in 2000 and 2001. The fields were selected to be representative of their region and eligible for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Twelve sites within each field were geo-referenced, and switchgrass stand frequency was measured at each sample site. Biomass yields were estimated in late summer at the same within-field sites using a clipped quadrat. Fields with low initial switchgrass stand frequencies showed a linear relationship between initial switchgrass stands and second year stands and biomass yields. Results from the 10 field, three-state study indicated that establishment year stand frequency level of 40% or greater, determined by a frequency grid, can be considered an establishment year stand threshold for establishment success and subsequent post-planting year biomass yields for switchgrass. An establishment year stand frequency of 25% would be adequate for a switchgrass conservation planting in which no harvests would be planned for several years. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Econ, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu RI Schmer, Marty/H-3586-2011 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0264 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700021 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wu, DF AF Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wu, DF TI Variance component estimation using the additive, dominance, and additive x additive model when genotypes vary across environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; YIELD COMPONENTS; GENETIC VARIANCE; EPISTASIS; POPULATION; HETEROSIS; GERMPLASM; MAIZE; QTLS AB In addition to additive (A) and dominant (D) genetic effects, the A X A interaction (or A X A epistatic) effects that control many quantitative traits are important for genetic and breeding studies. To estimate these genetic variance components, including genotype X environment (G X E) interaction, one usually expects to have data from at least two generations (i.e., F-1 and F-2) and parents with the same entries in all environments. Practical difficulties may arise in implementing such a design. In this study, we performed Monte Carlo simulations to compare the estimated variance components between four partial and two complete genetic designs (GDs) using the mixed linear model approach. Our definition for GD is different from the traditional definitions of genetic mating designs. Simulation results showed that the estimated genetic variance components for A, A X E, A X A epistatic, and A X A X E effects were unbiased for the six designs. Among four partial designs, two provided the comparable results for D and D X E effects compared with the complete GDs, but with slightly larger mean square errors (MSEs), indicating that some partial GDs can be used when the genetic resources are limited. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jnjenkins@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0025 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700024 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Lu, P Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Lu, P Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR TI QTLs associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean meta-analysis of QTL locations-retraction (vol 45, pg 202, 2005) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 202 EP 202 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0036 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700027 ER PT J AU Santos, AG Livingston, DR Jellen, EN Wooten, DR Murphy, JP AF Santos, AG Livingston, DR Jellen, EN Wooten, DR Murphy, JP TI A cytological marker associated with winterhardiness in oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEXAPLOID OAT; FREEZING TOLERANCE; CULTIVATED OAT; GENES; MAP AB The intergenomic translocation T7C-17 occurs at different frequencies in fall- versus spring-sown hexaploid oat (Avena sp.) germplasm. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate crown meristem freeze tolerance and winter field survival among 94 random F,derived tines from the cross between the cultivars Wintok (T7C-17, winterhardy) and Fulghum (non-T7C-17, less winterhardy) and to examine the association between these winterhardiness traits and T7C-17. Crown meristem freeze tolerance was evaluated in a three-replicate randomized complete block design in controlled environment growth cabinets. Field survival was evaluated in a three replicate randomized complete block design at Laurel Springs, NC during the 1999-2000 season. Greater crown meristem freeze tolerance and greater winter field survival were associated with the presence of T7C-17. Lines heterogeneous for the translocation had similar levels of crown meristem freeze tolerance and field survival as lines homozygous for the translocation. Twenty-two percent of the variation in crown meristem freeze tolerance and 27% of the variation in field survival was accounted for by translocation status. The observed frequencies of translocation homozygotes and heterozygotes did not fit the expected frequencies for single factor segregation in the F. generation. There were almost threefold as many homozygotes with the translocation as homozygotes without the translocation which indicated preferential selection for T7C-17 during inbreeding. Our results suggested that T7C-17 might be isolating, in terms of recombination, either a dominant allele or a group of loci conditioning winterhardiness in our population. C1 Delta & Pine Land Co, Scott, MS 38772 USA. USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), Delta & Pine Land Co, 100 Main St, Scott, MS 38772 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0152 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700028 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, JC Fisher, DS TI Intake and digestion of 'Jesup' tall fescue hays with a novel fungal endophyte, without an endophyte, or with a wild-type endophyte SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL PERFORMANCE; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FORAGE QUALITY; CONSUMPTION; RESPONSES; GRASSES; CATTLE; DIGESTIBILITY; CONSTITUENTS; TEMPERATURE AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage resource for beef (Bos taurus L.) production in the North-South transition zone. Recently, the cultivar 'Jesup' was released to provide improved stand survival when infected with a novel (nontoxic) endophyte marketed as MaxQ (Pennington Seed, Madison, GA), and warrants evaluation as a source of winter hay for beef cattle. Intake and digestion experiments were conducted to evaluate Jesup tall fescue containing the MaxQ endophyte (presumably without ergot alkaloids), Jesup with no endophyte, and Jesup with a wild-type endophyte capable of producing ergot alkaloids. Initial growth of the three endophyte treatments was harvested in April and a regrowth harvested in June. These six hays were fed to goats (Capra hircus L.) and sheep (Ovis aries L.). The hays harvested in June were also fed to cattle. The digestibility of the endophyte treatments was similar but goats had greater daily dry matter intake when fed MaxQ compared with wildtype hay (2.63 vs. 2A3 kg 100(-1) kg body weight; P = 0.07) while intake was similar to the endophyte-free hay. Sheep consumed hays similarly, regardless of harvest date, as did steers fed the June harvest. Daily intake of hays harvested in April and June were similar for goats, whereas sheep consumed more of the April hays (2.89 vs. 2.57 kg 100(-1) kg body weight; P < 0.01) and both digested the April hays to a greater extent. Endophyte status of the hays had little influence on their quality. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe_burns@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0040 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700030 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR Shannon, JG AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR Shannon, JG TI Quantitative trait loci underlying resistance to three soybean cyst nematode populations in soybean PI 404198A SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GERMPLASM RESISTANT; RFLP MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; RACES 1; PEKING; RHG4; GENE AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinobe) is a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the USA. Soybean plant introduction (PI) 404198A is one of the newly identified sources that can provide a broad spectrum of resistance to SCN. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SCN races 1, 2, and 5 in PI 404198A. Linkage groups (LGs) G and A2 were found to be associated with resistance to race 1. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt309-Satt688 region, and it explained a larger proportion of the total variation (20.2%). QTL on LG A2 was located at the Satt424-Saff632-Sat_406 region, and it accounted for a smaller proportion (9%). LGs G and III were shown to be associated with resistance to race 2. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt688-Satt309-Satt163 region, and it explained 12.5% of the total variation. Molecular marker Satt453 on LG B1 was found to be associated with resistance to race 2, and it explained 11% of the total variation. LGs G, 111, and N were found to be associated with resistance to race 5. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt688Satt309-Satt163 region, and it explained 6.3% of the total variation. Molecular marker Satt453 on LG 131 was found to be associated with resistance to race 5, and it explained a larger proportion of the total variation (13%). QTL on LG N was mapped on the Satt584-Sat_280Satt549, and it explained 9.5% of the total variation. In conclusion, soybean PI 404198A may carry rhg1 on LG G, Rhg4 on LG A2, and a QTL on LG B1. Further studies are needed to lend credibility for QTL on LG N. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SleperD@missouri.edu NR 43 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0757 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700031 ER PT J AU Stendal, C Casler, MD AF Stendal, C Casler, MD TI Maximizing efficiency of recurrent phenotypic selection for neutral detergent fiber concentration in smooth bromegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; TRAITS; TRIALS AB Resources are always limited in plant breeding programs, limiting the number of plots or plants that can be utilized in recurrent selection. Replication of selection units in space or time provides a mechanism to improve the precision of measurements. For smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is the most effective and measurable predictor of animal intake, a major source of variation for livestock production. The objective of this experiment was to determine the potential benefits and costs of replication in time and space for divergent recurrent selection on NDF of smooth bromegrass. Phenotypic data was used to predict selection response and derive a benefit-cost ratio for a variety of selection criteria based on various numbers of blocks and harvests. Three of the 70 selection criteria examined had an expected selection response significantly greater than that predicted by a log-linear regression of expected selection response as a function of cost. These selection criteria were based on two or three harvests and one or two blocks. Two of the selection criteria, emphasizing one harvest of unreplicated plants, had a benefit-cost ratio significantly above the mean. If financial resources are not a concern, selection based on the mean of multiple harvests in 1 yr results in the highest expected response per year. If financial resources are greatly limited, one harvest of unreplicated plants provides an adequate expected response per cycle but maximizes gain per unit cost. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0083 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700040 ER PT J AU Stendal, C Casler, MD Jung, G AF Stendal, C Casler, MD Jung, G TI Marker-assisted selection for neutral detergent fiber in smooth bromegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; DIVERGENT SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MAIZE POPULATIONS; ANIMAL NUTRITION; RAPD; GENOTYPES; IMPACT; ACCOMPLISHMENTS; IMPROVEMENT AB Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is the most effective and measurable predictor of animal intake. About 70% of the variation in animal production is attributed to differences in intake potential of livestock feed. Sixteen molecular markers associated with NDF in four divergently selected smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) populations were selected from a previous study for further examination for possible use in a marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding program. The objectives of this experiment were to confirm the association of previously identified markers to NDF concentration in smooth bromegrass populations and to develop a marker-based selection index. Marker and NDF data were analyzed and marker indices were constructed using data from the current and previous studies. Index scores were used to rank genotypes and create selection differentials on the basis of phenotypic data. Marker frequencies calculated on a sub-population basis between the previous and current studies were highly unrepeatable. Nevertheless, of the 14 groups of marker indices, seven of which accounted for pedigree structure, one marker index appears to provide the greatest potential for use in MAS to reduce NDF across all four populations of smooth bromegrass. Where pedigree structure is known, selections made using this index would lead to the largest expected response per year and eliminate the need to collect phenotypic data for as long as linkage relationships remain intact. Where pedigree structure is unknown, a general marker index may be used, or phenotypic data can be utilized along with a marker index. However, inclusion of phenotypic data would necessitate a cost-benefit analysis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0150 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700041 ER PT J AU Robertson, LA Kleinschmidt, CE White, DG Payne, GA Maragos, CM Holland, JB AF Robertson, LA Kleinschmidt, CE White, DG Payne, GA Maragos, CM Holland, JB TI Heritabilities and correlations of fusarium ear rot resistance and fumonisin contamination resistance in two maize populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KERNEL INFECTION; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; SWEET CORN; MONILIFORME; GENOTYPE; PROTEIN; CANCER; GRAIN AB Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym E moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and E proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia) are fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) that cause ear rot and contaminate grain with fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins that adversely affect animal and human health. The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities of and genotypic and phenotypic correlations between fumonisin concentration, ear rot, and flowering time in two maize populations. In the (GE440 X FR1064) X FR1064 backcross population, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration were 0.96 and 0.40, respectively. Heritability estimated on an entry mean basis was 0.75 for fumonisin concentration and 0.47 for ear rot resistance. In the NC300 X B104 recombinant inbred line population, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration were 0.87 and 0.64, respectively. Heritability estimated on an entry mean basis was 0.86 for fumonisin concentration and 0.80 for ear rot resistance. Correlations between fumonisin concentration and silking date were not significant in either population, and correlations between ear rot resistance and silking date were small (less than 0.30) in both populations. Moderate to high heritabilities and strong genetic correlations between ear rot and fumonisin concentration suggest that selection for reduced ear rot should frequently identify lines with reduced fumonisin concentration. Ear rot can be screened visually and so is less costly and less time-consuming to evaluate than laboratory assays for fumonisin concentration. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop Sci,Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM james-holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 33 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0139 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700047 ER PT J AU Goldman, JJ AF Goldman, JJ TI High-throughput DNA extraction and allele specific PCR primers enables efficient screening for mutant (gsf) and wild-type (GSF) alleles in eastern gamagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES POACEAE; ESTABLISHMENT; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; SEED AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], is a perennial warm-season bunchgrass with high forage potential if properly managed. Low seed production is one factor that has limited wide spread use of this native grass. A recessive gynomonoecious sex form (GSF) mutation previously found in a wild population has the potential to increase seed production, although it may also be linked to other deleterious traits. Allele specific primers were designed to detect the, wild-type (GSF) and mutant (gsf) allele. Primers were successful at confirming the genotype of an assortment of plants tested using template DNA from a high-throughput extraction protocol. A tissue-pooling strategy enabled detection of the mutant allele when present in a predominantly wild-type background. The low cost, lack of toxic waste, and speed of the DNA extraction protocol and the ability to efficiently genotype a large number of individuals makes this a practical tool in a breeding program working with the GSF trait. C1 USDA, ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Goldman, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM jgoldman@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0142 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700048 ER PT J AU Walker, DR Scaboo, AM Pantalone, VR Wilcox, JR Boerma, HR AF Walker, DR Scaboo, AM Pantalone, VR Wilcox, JR Boerma, HR TI Genetic mapping of loci associated with seed phytic acid content in CX1834-1-2 soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SUPPLEMENTED DIETS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; LINKAGE MAP; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTATE; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; MUTATION; QTL AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed phosphorus is stored primarily as phytic acid, a form in which it is unavailable to monogastric mammals and birds. Because of the nutritional and environmental problems caused by phytic acid, development of cultivars with low phytic acid (lpa) mutations has become an important objective in many soybean breeding programs. Information about the inheritance of the low phytate trait would facilitate these efforts. The objectives of the current research were (i) to map low phytate loci in populations derived from the lpa mutant line CX1834-1-2, (ii) to identify closely linked molecular markers, and (iii) to characterize inheritance of the trait. We identified two loci associated with the low phytate phenotype of CX1834-1-2 and discovered an epistatic interaction between the loci. A locus on linkage group (LG) N near Satt237 accounted for 41% of the observed variation in seed inorganic phosphorous (Pi) levels, which are inversely correlated with phytate levels in plants carrying the lpa mutation. Another locus near Satt527 on LG L explained 11% of the variation in seed Pi levels, and an interaction between the LG L and N loci accounted for an additional 8 to 11%. The loci on LG N and LG L are probably the previously designated pha1 and pha2 loci. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Walker, DR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM drwalker@uga.edu NR 43 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0245 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700052 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB del Rio, AH AF Bamberg, JB del Rio, AH TI Seedling transplant selection does not cause genetic shifts in Genehank populations of inbred potato species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPD MARKERS; GERMPLASM; SOLANUM AB A basic goal of the U.S. Potato Genebank (USPG) and others is to test assumptions about the stability of genetic diversity in their collections. For example, when heterogeneous seed populations are regenerated, one assumes that using a careful regeneration protocol will result in very little diversity loss in the progeny. However, even the most careful mating scheme cannot prevent genetic selection if it happens earlier-when seedlings are transplanted to become the seed-increase parents. The objective of this work was to assess the prospect of losing diversity at the seedling transplant step. Seeds of a total of 245 original seedlots (from the wild) of 11 inbreeding species [Solanum acaule Bitter, albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa, demissum Lindl., etuberosum Lindl., fendleri A. Gray, polyadenium Greemn., palustre Poepp. ex Schltdl., polytrichon Rydb., papita Rydb., stoloniferum Schltdl. & Bouche, and verrucosum Schltdl.] were sown. The most vigorous, uniform "normal" (N) seedlings were distinguished from any that were small (S) or otherwise would likely be avoided when transplanting the parent plants to be used for seed increase. Bulks of N and S types within seedlots were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genetic similarity (GS) was calculated as average percentage matching band status at RAPD loci. About 25% of the seedlots exhibited S types, but in no case were these significantly different from their N sibs (none with lower than GS = 98%). These results suggest that inbred species' original seedlots are homogeneous and not subject to unwanted seedling selection at transplanting, despite random environmental effects that sometimes produce S seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Int Reg Potato Introd Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Int Reg Potato Introd Stn, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM nr6jb@ars-grin.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0090 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700056 ER PT J AU Alwala, S Suman, A Arro, JA Veremis, JC Kimbeng, CA AF Alwala, S Suman, A Arro, JA Veremis, JC Kimbeng, CA TI Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) for assessing genetic diversity in sugarcane germplasm collections SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAPD MARKERS; SACCHARUM; CULTIVARS; AFLP; ANDROPOGONEAE; SEQUENCE; WILD; CANE AB Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) is a fairly new PCR-based molecular marker technique which uses gene-based information for primer design. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of TRAP markers for assessing genetic diversity and interrelationships in sugarcane germplasm collections. Thirty genotypes from the genera Saccharum, Miscanthus, and Erianthus were used in the study. Among the genus Saccharum were the species, S. officinarum L., S. barberi Jesw., S. sinense Roxb., S. spontaneum L, S. robustum Brandes and Jeswiet ex Grassl, cultivars, cultivar-derived mutants and interspecific hybrids between S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. Six fixed primers, designed from sucrose- and cold tolerance-related EST (expressed sequence tags) sequences, paired with three arbitrary primers, were used to characterize the germplasm. Both the cluster and principal coordinate (PCoA) analyses placed the Erianthus spp. and Miscanthus spp. genotypes distinctly from each other and from the Saccharum species, thus, supporting their taxonomic classification as separate genera. Genotypes of the low sucrose and cold tolerant species, S. spontaneum, formed one distinct group, while the rest of the Saccharum species formed one interrelated cluster with no distinct subgroups. Sequence analysis of TRAP bands derived from a S. spontaneum genotype revealed homology with known gene sequences from other grass species including Sorghum. A BLASTn search using the homologous sequences from Sorghum matched with the S. officinarum GenBank accession from which the fixed TRAP primer was designed. These results ratify TRAP as a potentially useful marker technique for genetic diversity studies in sugarcane. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Kimbeng, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ckimbeng@agctr.lsu.edu NR 45 TC 55 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0274 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700059 ER PT J AU Anderson, WF Harvey, JE AF Anderson, WF Harvey, JE TI Registration of 'AT 3081R' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Golden Peanut Co, Ashburn, GA 31714 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM banderson@tifton.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 467 EP 468 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.012 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700062 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Jones, BL Erickson, CA AF Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Jones, BL Erickson, CA TI Registration of 'Charles' barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Obert, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM dobert@uidabo.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 468 EP 469 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0149 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700063 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Olson, T Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB AF Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Stack, RW Olson, T Friesen, TL Rasmussen, JB TI Registration of 'Glenn' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; RESISTANCE C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 NR 6 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 473 EP 474 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0287 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700068 ER PT J AU Costa, JM Griffey, CA Bockelman, HE Cambron, SE Chen, X Cooper, A Gaines, C Graybosch, RA Grybauskas, A Kratochvil, RJ Long, DL Shirley, E Whitcher, L AF Costa, JM Griffey, CA Bockelman, HE Cambron, SE Chen, X Cooper, A Gaines, C Graybosch, RA Grybauskas, A Kratochvil, RJ Long, DL Shirley, E Whitcher, L TI Registration of 'choptank' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Costa, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM costaj@umd.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700069 ER PT J AU Jones, SS Lyon, SR Balow, KA Carter, BR Burns, JW Schillinger, WF Reisenauer, R AF Jones, SS Lyon, SR Balow, KA Carter, BR Burns, JW Schillinger, WF Reisenauer, R TI Registration of 'Masami' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM joness@wsu.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 476 EP 477 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0066 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700070 ER PT J AU Springer, TL Dewald, CL Sims, PL Gillen, RL Louthan, VH Cooper, WJ Taliaferro, CM Maura, C Pfaff, S Wynia, RL Douglas, JL Henry, J Bruckerhoff, SB van der Grinten, M Salon, PR Houck, MJ Esquivel, RG AF Springer, TL Dewald, CL Sims, PL Gillen, RL Louthan, VH Cooper, WJ Taliaferro, CM Maura, C Pfaff, S Wynia, RL Douglas, JL Henry, J Bruckerhoff, SB van der Grinten, M Salon, PR Houck, MJ Esquivel, RG TI Registration of 'Verl' eastern gamagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NRCS, USDA, Brooksville PMC, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NRCS, USDA, Manhattan PMC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NRCS, USDA, Jamie L Whitten PMC, Coffeeville, MS 38922 USA. NRCS, USDA, Elsbery PMC, Elsbery, MO 63343 USA. NRCS, USDA, Big Flats PMC, Corning, NY 14830 USA. NRCS, USDA, Syracuse, NY 13202 USA. NRCS, USDA, Konx City PMC, Konx City, TX 79529 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM tspringer@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 477 EP 478 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0043 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700071 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ AF Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ TI Registration of 'Atlas bmr-12' forage sorghum SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. WH Miner Agric Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 478 EP 478 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0094 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700072 ER PT J AU Anderson, WE Holbrook, CC Timper, P AF Anderson, WE Holbrook, CC Timper, P TI Registration of root-knot nematode resistant peanut germplasm lines NR 0812 and NR 0817 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Anderson, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM banderson@tifton.usda.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.011 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700076 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ AF Miller, JF Gulya, TJ TI Registration of two restorer (RHA 439 and RHA 440) and one maintainer (HA 441) Sclerotinia tolerant oilseed sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 482 EP 483 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0009 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700077 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA TI Registration of imidazolinone herbicide-resistant maintainer (HA 442) and fertility restorer (RHA 443) oilseed sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0010 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700078 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Vick, BA TI Registration of three maintainer (HA 444 to HA 446) and one restorer (RHA 447) high oleic oilseed sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 484 EP 485 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0011 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700079 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Larson, SR Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ AF Waldron, BL Larson, SR Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ TI Registration of reliable sandberg bluegrass germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Erdc, USACE, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0119 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700081 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ AF Waldron, BL Jensen, KB Harrison, RD Palazzo, AJ Cary, TJ TI Registration of Yakima western yarrow germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Erdc, USACE, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM blair.waldron@usu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 488 EP 489 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0152 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700082 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Green, CE Li, YM Chaney, RL AF Miller, JF Green, CE Li, YM Chaney, RL TI Registration of three low cadmium (HA 448, HA 449 and RHA 450) confection sunflower genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Manure & Prod Lab, Baltimore, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM millerjf@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 489 EP 490 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0012 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700083 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ AF Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ TI Registration of seven forage sorghum genetic stocks near-isogenic for the brown midrib genes bmr-6 and bmr-12 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. WH Miner Agric Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 0 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 490 EP 491 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0095 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700084 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ AF Pedersen, JF Funnell, DL Toy, JJ Oliver, AL Grant, RJ TI Registration of twelve grain sorghum genetic stocks near-isogenic for the brown midrib genes bmr-6 and bmr-12 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. WH Miner Agric Res Inst, Chazy, NY 12921 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, 344 Reim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 46 IS 1 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0183 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009HY UT WOS:000235103700085 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Reed, BM AF Gupta, S Reed, BM TI Cryopreservation of shoot tips of blackberry and raspberry by encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; germplasm; liquid nitrogen; Rubus ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; INVITRO PLANTLETS; APICAL MERISTEMS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; RUBUS; GERMPLASM; STORAGE AB Encapsulation-dehydration and PVS2-vitrification cryopreservation protocols were evaluated for the long-term conservation of a diverse group of Rubus germplasm. Cold acclimation for a 4-week period prior to cryopreservation was necessary for regrowth of shoot apices from blackberry and raspberry genotypes. For the encapsulation-dehydration protocol, encapsulated apices were pretreated in 0.75 M sucrose for 20 h, desiccated 6-h under laminar flow to similar to 20% moisture content, then plunged in liquid nitrogen (LN) and rapidly warmed. The PVS2-vitrification protocol included pretreating shoot tips on 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) medium for 48 h, exposure to loading solution (LS) and PVS2 for 20 min each at 25 degrees C, followed by immersion in LN and rapid warming. Shoot tips of 25 genotypes in 9 Rubus species and 9 Rubus hybrids were successfully cryopreserved with recovery of 60-100% using the encapsulation-dehydration-protocol. Four genotypes of 3 species were tested using the vitrification protocol with 71% average regrowth. The present results indicate that both of these improved cryopreservation protocols can be applied to a diverse range of Rubus genetic resources. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Natl Bur Plant Genet Resources, Tissue Culture & Cryopreservat Unit, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India. EM sandhya_gupta87@yahoo.com OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 032SF UT WOS:000236794300004 PM 16691307 ER PT J AU Szperka, ME Connor, EE Paape, MJ Williams, JL Bannerman, DD AF Szperka, ME Connor, EE Paape, MJ Williams, JL Bannerman, DD TI Sequencing, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of bovine FLICE-Like Inhibitory Protein (FLIP) SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; COMPARATIVE MAP; DEATH; APOPTOSIS; ACTIVATION; LPS; INTERLEUKIN-1 AB FLICE-like inhibitory protein ( FLIP) has been shown in both humans and mice to inhibit apoptosis and NF-kappa B activation induced by pro-inflammatory mediators. The activation of NF-kappa B and the induction of apoptosis are critical events in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states in cattle, including mastitis. Since FLIP is known to moderate these events in other species, we mapped the bovine FLIP gene, sequenced bovine FLIP cDNA, and characterized its expression in cultured primary bovine endothelial cells. Sequencing of bovine FLIP revealed approximately 83, 74, and 68% amino acid sequence identity to its porcine, human, and murine orthologs, respectively. Bovine FLIP was mapped to chromosome 2 by radiation hybrid mapping. Interestingly the region to which bovine FLIP maps contains a putative quantitative trait locus for functional herd life which is an indicator of a cow's ability to survive involuntary culling due primarily to mastitis and infertility. In addition to sequencing and mapping, the function of bovine FLIP was studied. Over-expression of bovine FLIP protected against bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells consistent with previous studies of human FLIP. In addition, elevated expression of bovine FLIP blocked LPS- and TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of NF-kappa B-dependent gene products as assayed by E-selectin expression. Only the full-length bovine FLIP protein could inhibit NF-kappa B activation induced by LPS, whereas the death effector domain region alone was able to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation. Together, these data demonstrate the conservation of FLIP's ability to inhibit apoptosis and to downregulate NF-kappa B activation across species. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Roslin Inst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, BARC E, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1159/000087518 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 981WL UT WOS:000233118600013 PM 16276095 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Ashwell, MS Schnabel, R Williams, JL AF Connor, EE Ashwell, MS Schnabel, R Williams, JL TI Comparative mapping of bovine chromosome 27 with human chromosome 8 near a dairy form QTL in cattle SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BODY CONDITION SCORE; COMPARATIVE MAP; PROTEIN YIELD; GENOME; MASTITIS; DISEASES; TRAITS; CHARACTER; SEGMENTS AB In the absence of a complete and annotated bovine genome sequence, detailed human-bovine comparative maps are one of the most effective tools for identification of positional candidate genes contributing to quantitative trait loci (QTL) in cattle. In the present study, eight genes from human chromosome 8 were selected for mapping in cattle to improve breakpoint resolution and confirm gene order on the comparative map near the 40 cM region of the BTA27 linkage map where a QTL affecting dairy form had previously been identified. The resulting map identified ADRB3 as a positional candidate gene for the QTL contributing to the dairy form trait based on its estimated position between 40 and 45 cM on the linkage map. It is also a functional candidate gene due to its role in fat metabolism, and polymorphisms in the ADRB3 gene associated with obesity and metabolic disease in humans, as well as, carcass fat in sheep. Further studies are underway to investigate the existence of polymorphisms in the bovine ADRB3 gene and their association with traits related to fat deposition in cattle. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM econnor@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Williams, John/0000-0001-5188-7957 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [G18276] NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1159/000087519 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 981WL UT WOS:000233118600014 PM 16276096 ER PT J AU Jacobs, K Rohrer, G Van Poucke, M Piumi, F Yerle, M Barthenschlager, H Mattheeuws, M Van Zeveren, A Peelman, LJ AF Jacobs, K Rohrer, G Van Poucke, M Piumi, F Yerle, M Barthenschlager, H Mattheeuws, M Van Zeveren, A Peelman, LJ TI Porcine PPARGC1A (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A): coding sequence, genomic organization, polymorphisms and mapping SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATOR; ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS; UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; PGC-1; GENE; PIGS; EXPRESSION; MUSCLE; LOCALIZATION AB We report here the characterisation of porcine PPARGC1A. Primers based on human PPARGC1A were used to isolate two porcine BAC clones. Porcine coding sequences of PPARGC1A were sequenced together with the splice site regions and the 5) and 3) regions. Using direct sequencing nine SNPs were found. Allele frequencies were determined in unrelated animals of five different pig breeds. In the MARC Meishan-White Composite resource population, the polymorphism in exon 9 was significantly associated with leaf fat weight. PPARGC1A has been mapped by FISH to SSC8p21. A (CA)(n) microsatellite (SGU0001) has been localised near marker SWR1101 on chromosome 8 by RH mapping and at the same position as marker KS195 (32.5 cM) by linkage mapping. The AseI (nt(857), Asn/Asn(489)) polymorphism in exon 8 was used to perform linkage analysis in the Hohenheim pedigrees and located the gene in the same genomic region. Transcription of the gene was detected in adipose, muscle, kidney, liver, brain, heart and adrenal gland tissues, which is in agreement with the function of PPARGC1A in adaptive thermogenesis. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Nutr Genet Breeding & Ethol, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. INRA, CEA, Lab Radiobiol & Etud Genome, Jouy En Josas, France. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Univ Hohenheim, Dept Anim Breeding & Biotechnol, Inst Anim Husb & Breeding, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Peelman, LJ (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Nutr Genet Breeding & Ethol, Heidestr 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM luc.peelman@ugent.be NR 34 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1159/000087521 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 981WL UT WOS:000233118600016 PM 16276098 ER PT J AU Shimogiri, T Kiuchi, S Hiraiwa, H Hayashi, T Takano, Y Maeda, Y Rohrer, GA Milan, D Yasue, H AF Shimogiri, T Kiuchi, S Hiraiwa, H Hayashi, T Takano, Y Maeda, Y Rohrer, GA Milan, D Yasue, H TI Assignment of 204 genes localized on HSA17 to a porcine RH (IMpRH) map to generate a dense comparative map between pig and human/mouse SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RADIATION HYBRID PANEL; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HUMAN GENOMES; CONSTRUCTION; HUMANS; ORDER; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Bi- and uni- directional chromosome painting ( ZOO- FISH) and gene mapping have revealed correspondences between human chromosome (HSA) 17 and porcine chromosome (SSC) 12 harboring economically important quantitative trait loci. In the present study, we have assigned 204 genes localized on HSA17 to SSC12 to generate a comprehensive comparative map between HSA17 and SSC12. Two hundred fifty- five primer pairs were designed using porcine sequences orthologous with human genes. Of the 255 primer pairs, 208 (81.6%) were used to assign the corresponding genes to porcine chromosomes using the INRA-Minnesota 7000-rad porcine x Chinese hamster whole genome radiation hybrid (IMpRH) panel. Two hundred three genes were integrated into the SSC12 IMpRH linkage maps; and one gene, PPARBP, was found to link to THRA1 located in SSC12 but not incorporated into the linkage maps. Three genes (GIT1, SLC25A11, and HT008) were suggested to link to SSC12 markers, and the remaining gene (RPL26) did not link to any genes/expressed sequence tags/markers registered, including those in the present study. A comparison of the gene orders among SSC12, HSA17, and mouse chromosome 11 indicates that intra-chromosomal rearrangements occurred frequently in this ancestral mammalian chromosome during speciation. Copyright (c) 2006 S.Karger AG, Basel C1 Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genome Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050901, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Fac Agr, Kagoshima 890, Japan. US Meat Anim Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Lab Genet Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Yasue, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genome Res Dept, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050901, Japan. EM hyasue@affrc.go.jp NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1159/000087522 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 981WL UT WOS:000233118600017 PM 16276099 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Zhao, SH Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Tuggle, CK AF Kim, JW Zhao, SH Uthe, JJ Bearson, SMD Tuggle, CK TI Assignment of the scavenger receptor class B, member 2 gene (SCARB2) to porcine chromosome 8q11 -> q12 by somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel mapping SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PIG C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Yeungnam Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3-4 BP 342H EP U12 DI 10.1159/000089898 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 011ZZ UT WOS:000235309300033 PM 16484799 ER PT J AU Palic, D Andreasen, CB Herolt, DM Menzel, BW Roth, JA AF Palic, Dusan Andreasen, Claire B. Herolt, Dawn M. Menzel, Bruce W. Roth, James A. TI Immunomodulatory effects of beta-glucan on neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan; neutrophil function; stress; fish; degranulation ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; SALMO-SALAR L; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RESPIRATORY BURST; ATLANTIC SALMON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AB Stimulatory effects of yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucans on neutrophils have long been recognized, but effects of glucans on degranulation of primary granules in fish neutrophils have not been previously reported. Neutrophil function was monitored during in vitro and in vivo application of glucans to non- (NS), acute- (AS) and chronically stressed (CS) fish. beta-Glucan proved to be a strong and quick (80%, 2min) stimulant of degranulation. Dietary glucan increased degranulation in NS fish, and prevented a decrease in AS fish. Degranulation in CS fish returned to NS levels 3 days after the glucan diet was fed. Fathead minnows appear to be a useful model to investigate neutrophil degranulation in fish exposed to different environmental conditions and immunomodulators. Use of beta-glucans in fish diets prior to AS and during chronic stress can enhance neutrophil function, potentially increasing disease resistance and survival rates after transportation or exposure to poor water quality. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Palic, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dulep@iastate.edu RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009; Palic, Dusan/C-9500-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X; Palic, Dusan/0000-0002-2980-821X NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2006 VL 30 IS 9 BP 817 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2005.11.004 PG 14 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 077RG UT WOS:000240046900010 PM 16423394 ER PT J AU Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Park, DW Lillehoj, EP AF Hong, Yeong Ho Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Park, Dong Woon Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Molecular cloning and characterization of chicken lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LITAF; LPS; TNF-alpha; TL1A/TNFSF 15; quantitative RT-PCR; Eimeria; cytotoxicity ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; EIMERIA-TENELLA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LIFE-CYCLE; CELL-LINE; MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINES; PROTEIN AB The inflammatory response to parasites, bacteria, and viruses is mediated by multiple host factors. TNF-alpha is one of the most pleiotropic cytokines in mammals, but has yet to be identified in avian species. In the current study, we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding the chicken homologue of LPS-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF), transcription factor, with an open reading frame of 148 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 16.0 kDa. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that chicken LITAF mRNA was predominantly expressed in spleen and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). LITAF mRNA levels were up-regulated following in vitro stimulation of macrophages for 4 h with Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin. and 18-48 h after treatment with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, or E. tenella, three causative agents of avian coccidiosis. LITAF mRNA was up-regulated by more than 700-fold in IELs isolated from E. maxima-infected birds. Purified recombinant LITAF protein expressed in E. coli or COS7 cells exhibited cytotoxic activity against chicken tumor cell lines in vitro, presumably through autocrine activation of TNF-alpha or its chicken homologue. This supposition was strengthened by the fact that treatment of chicken macrophages with recombinant LITAF induced the expression of TL1A (TNFSF 15), a member of the TNF ligand super family. We conclude that chicken LITAF may play an important role in the regulation of TNF-alpha gene expression during the course of coccidiosis or tumorigenesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 36 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2006 VL 30 IS 10 BP 919 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2005.12.007 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 079KD UT WOS:000240173900006 PM 16466659 ER PT J AU Babu, US Gaines, DW Lillehoj, H Raybourne, RB AF Babu, Uma S. Gaines, Dennis W. Lillehoj, Hyun Raybourne, Richard B. TI Differential reactive oxygen and nitrogen production and clearance of Salmonella serovars by chicken and mouse macrophages SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; chicken macrophages; mouse macrophages; J774A.1; HD11; nitric oxide; superoxide; flow cytometry ID ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4; GAMMA-INTERFERON; OXIDATIVE BURST; UNITED-STATES; IFN-GAMMA; MURINE MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MESSENGER-RNA; NADPH OXIDASE; CELL-LINES AB The objective of the present study was to compare the uptake and killing of Salmonella serovars by murine and avian macrophage cell lines. We used Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE338) and Typhimurium (SR11) for this study. Uptake of green fluorescent protein-labeled bacteria was measured using flow cytometry. Cell sorting and plating of viable infected macrophages demonstrated that bacterial clearance was significantly better with J774A.1 compared with HD11 cells. HD11 cells produced significantly higher amounts of nitric oxide (NO) than J774A.1 cells upon infection with SE338 and SR11, whereas J774A.1 cells exhibited greater superoxide production with SR11. Treatment of HD11 cells with recombinant chicken interferon gamma in the absence of bacteria enhanced NO production but did not induce increased levels synergistically with bacteria. Interferon treatment did not influence phagocytosis or increase killing by HD11 cells. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US FDA, Immunobiol Branch, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Anim & Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raybourne, RB (reprint author), US FDA, Immunobiol Branch, MOD 1,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM rraybour@cfsan.fda.gov NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2006 VL 30 IS 10 BP 942 EP 953 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2005.12.001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 079KD UT WOS:000240173900008 PM 16427126 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, RA TI Critical experiments to determine if early nutritional influences on epigenetic mechanisms cause metabolic imprinting in humans SO EARLY LIFE ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; DNA METHYLATION; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; HUMAN-DISEASE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; CANCER; GENOME AB Metabolic imprinting occurs when nutritional influences during critical periods of development cause specific metabolic adaptations that persist to adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate the broad diversity of tissue-specific gene expression, are established during development and largely maintained throughout adulthood, Hence, to the extent that nutrition during development affects the establishment of epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms, metabolic imprinting could occur via this mechanism. This article surveys the growing body of evidence that aberrant epigenetic gene regulation plays an important role in human disease, and recent data from animal models showing that subtle environmental influences during specific ontogenic periods can cause stable alterations in mammalian epigenotype. Experimental approaches are suggested to focus future studies of prenatal and early postnatal nutritional influences on developmental epigenetics in humans. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human Mol Genet, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Ste 9070, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.tmc.edu NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2006 VL 573 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BDZ40 UT WOS:000236324300007 ER PT J AU Wiedinmyer, C Tie, XX Guenther, A Neilson, R Granier, C AF Wiedinmyer, Christine Tie, Xuexi Guenther, Alex Neilson, Ron Granier, Claire TI Future changes in biogenic isoprene emissions: How might they affect regional and global atmospheric chemistry? SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Young Scientists Global Change Conference CY NOV 16-19, 2003 CL Trieste, ITALY DE isoprene emissions; land-cover change; ozone production ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OZONE; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT; TRACERS; MOZART AB Isoprene is emitted from vegetation to the atmosphere in significant quantities, and it plays an important role in the reactions that control tropospheric oxidant concentrations. As future climatic and land-cover changes occur, the spatial and temporal variations, as well as the magnitude of these biogenic isoprene emissions, are expected to change. This paper presents a study of the change in biogenic isoprene emissions that would result from both anthropogenic land-cover and climate-driven changes. Annual global isoprene emissions were estimated to be 522 Tg yr(-1) under current climatological and land-cover conditions. When climate-driven land-cover changes are predicted, but climate does not change, total global emissions did not change significantly, although regional impacts were important. However, the use of future temperature and land-cover drivers to estimate isoprene emissions produced a global estimate of 889 Tg yr(-1). Anthropogenic land-cover changes, such as urbanization and changes of natural vegetation to plantation forests, can also have substantial impacts on isoprene emissions (i.e., up to 717 Tg yr(-1), a 37% increase, when land-cover changes but temperature remains at current-day values). The Model for Ozone and Related Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2) was run with the different isoprene emission scenarios to simulate the potential changes in global atmospheric chemical composition. The simulated regional surface ozone concentrations changed as much as - 9 to 55 ppbv under certain emission and climate scenarios. These results were used to evaluate changes in the ozone production chemistry under different emission scenarios. As expected, the impacts of changing isoprene emissions are regionally dependent, with large changes in China, the Amazon, and the United States. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. Serv Aeron, IPSL, Paris, France. CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wiedinmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 180 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM christin@ucar.edu RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2006 VL 10 AR 3 DI 10.1175/EI174.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 096EH UT WOS:000241359700001 ER PT S AU Anderson, MC Kustas, WP Norman, JM AF Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. Norman, J. M. BE DUrso, G Jochum, MAO Moreno, J TI A multi-scale remote sensing-based modeling system for estimating local and regional fluxes SO EARTH OBSERVATION FOR VEGETATION MONITORING AND WATER MANAGEMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Earth Observation for Vegetation Monitoring and Water Management CY NOV 10-11, 2005 CL Naples, ITALY DE multi-scale; remote sensing-based energy balance model; thermal-infrared ID 2-SOURCE MODEL; ENERGY FLUXES; VEGETATION; SOIL; SMACEX AB An effective flux-scaling scheme must be able to bridge the gap between the field scale of interest to agricultural and resource managers (similar to 100 m) and the regional scale (similar to 10-100 km), the resolutions used by operational climate and weather forecast models. An approach with operational capabilities is described, which employs a flux disaggregation strategy. Fluxes can be mapped over regional or continental scales in the U.S. at 5-10 km resolution each day using coarse-scale thermal-infrared imagery from a geostationary platform such as Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). These coarse-scale flux estimates can then be spatially disaggregated to finer scales at sites and times of particular interest using higher resolution imagery from satellite sensors such as Landsat. In this way, the temporal sampling power of the geostationary satellites (images every 15 minutes) can be combined with the spatial resolution of polar orbiters (15m - 1km). The disaggregation process serves both as a means for quantitatively validating the regional flux predictions and for examining complex landscapes having a diverse mixture of land use and crop cover types that exist in many agricultural regions around the globe. Examples of the application of this modeling framework are presented. C1 [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG04GK89G]; USDA [58-1265-1-043] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNG04GK89G, and in part by USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1265-1-043. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0346-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 852 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing; Physics; Water Resources GA BFC83 UT WOS:000241022800017 ER PT S AU Norman, JM Anderson, MC Kustas, WP AF Norman, J. M. Anderson, M. C. Kustas, W. P. BE DUrso, G Jochum, MAO Moreno, J TI Are single-source, remote-sensing surface-flux models too simple? SO EARTH OBSERVATION FOR VEGETATION MONITORING AND WATER MANAGEMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Earth Observation for Vegetation Monitoring and Water Management CY NOV 10-11, 2005 CL Naples, ITALY DE radiometric temperature; aerodynamic temperature; single-source; two-source; remote sensing flux model ID VEGETATION; SOIL; TEMPERATURE AB Both one-source and two-source parameterizations of surface sensible heat flux exchange using radiometric surface temperature have been proposed. Although one-source algorithms may provide reliable heat fluxes, they often require field calibration and hence are unable to accommodate the diverse range of surface conditions often encountered over a landscape. Two-source models require fewer assumptions and no a priori calibration, and therefore have a wider range of applicability without requiring any additional input data. A one-source scheme (SEBAL) that performs an "internal calibration" using hydrologic extremes (hot/dry and wet/cool pixels) encountered within a remote sensing scene has been proposed as a way to eliminate a priori calibration and the need for ancillary data. In this paper, some of the key assumptions in SEBAL are evaluated using a two-source model, field data, and simulations from a complex soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model, Cupid. C1 [Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Anderson, M. C.; Kustas, W. P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG04GK89G]; USDA [58-1265-1-043] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNG04GK89G, and in part by USDA Cooperative Agreement 58-1265-1-043. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0346-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 852 BP 170 EP + PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing; Physics; Water Resources GA BFC83 UT WOS:000241022800020 ER PT B AU Gao, W Gao, ZQ Pan, XL Slusser, J Yimit, H Ma, YJ AF Gao, Wei Gao, Zhiqiang Pan, Xiaoling Slusser, James Yimit, Hamid Ma, Yingjun BE Qu, JJ Gao, W Kafatos, M Murphy, RE Salomonson, VV TI The impact of precipitation and temperature on net primary productivity in Xinjiang, China from 1981 to 2000 SO EARTH SCIENCE SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING: DATA, COMPUTATIONAL PROCESSING, AND TOOLS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop of the Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing CY OCT 15-22, 2002 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ ID REGIONAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LAND-USE CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON STOCKS; MODEL; SIMULATION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES C1 [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geograph Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pan, Xiaoling; Ma, Yingjun] Internat Ctr Desert Affairs, Res Sustainable Dev Arid, Urumqi, Peoples R China. [Slusser, James] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring, Res Program Nat Resource, Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yimit, Hamid] Envronm Xinjiang Univ, Coll Resources, Urumqi, Peoples R China. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU National 973 Key Project of China [2002CB412507, G19990435]; "Chuihui Plan" of Ministry of Education of China [Z2004- 1-65002]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2004-7-1]; USDA/CSREES [2001-34263-11248] FX This work supported by National 973 Key Project of China (2002CB412507 and G19990435), "Chuihui Plan" of Ministry of Education of China (Z2004- 1-65002), Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2004-7-1), and the USDA/CSREES (Agreement 2001-34263-11248). Lee Wiedeman assisted in editing this manuscript. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-540-35630-1 PY 2006 BP 292 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37294-3_18 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BFY54 UT WOS:000245437100018 ER PT J AU Gill, RA Anderson, LJ Polley, HW Johnson, HB Jackson, RB AF Gill, RA Anderson, LJ Polley, HW Johnson, HB Jackson, RB TI Potential nitrogen constraints on soil carbon sequestration under low and elevated atmospheric CO2 SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bothriochloa ischaemum; carbon sequestration; decomposition; elevated CO2; global change; grassland; nitrogen mineralization; nitrogen use efficiency; soil carbon; Solarium dimidiatum ID ALTERS SPECIES COMPOSITION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE; LITTER; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS AB The interaction between nitrogen cycling and carbon sequestration is critical in predicting the consequences of anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO2 (hereafter, C-a). The progressive N limitation (PNL) theory predicts that carbon sequestration in plants and soils with rising Ca may be-constrained by the availability of nitrogen in many ecosystems. Here we report on the interaction between C and N dynamics during a four-year field experiment in which an intact C-3/C-4 grassland was exposed to a gradient in C-a from 200 to 560 mu mol/mol. There were strong species effects on decomposition dynamics, with C loss positively correlated and N mineralization negatively correlated with C-a for litter of the C-3 forb Solanum dimidiatum, whereas decomposition of litter from the C-4 grass Bothriochloa ischaemum was unresponsive to C-a. Both soil microbial biomass and soil respiration rates exhibited a nonlinear response to C-a, reaching a maximum at similar to 440 mu mol/mol C-a. We found a general movement of N out of soil organic matter and into aboveground plant biomass with increased C-a. Within soils we found evidence of C loss from recalcitrant soil C fractions with narrow C:N ratios to more labile soil fractions with broader C:N ratios, potentially due to decreases in N availability. The observed reallocation of N from soil to plants over the last three years of the experiment supports the PNL theory that reductions in N availability with rising C-a could initially be overcome by a transfer of N from low C:N ratio fractions to those with higher C:N ratios. Although the transfer of N allowed plant production to increase with increasing C-a, there was no net soil C sequestration at elevated C-a, presumably because relatively stable C is being decomposed to meet microbial and plant N requirements. Ultimately, if the C gained by increased plant production is rapidly lost through decomposition, the shift in N from older soil organic matter to rapidly decomposing plant tissue may limit net C sequestration with increased plant production. C1 Washington State Univ, Program Evnironm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Bot Microbiol, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Gill, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Evnironm Sci & Reg Planning, Box 64-4430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rgill@wsu.edu RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 45 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1890/04-1696 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021XU UT WOS:000236020000006 PM 16634295 ER PT J AU Kingsford, RT Lemly, AD Thompson, JR AF Kingsford, R. T. Lemly, A. D. Thompson, J. R. BE Kingsford, R TI Impacts of dams, river management and diversions on desert rivers SO ECOLOGY OF DESERT RIVERS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HADEJIA-NGURU WETLANDS; WATER-RESOURCES; ARID AUSTRALIA; FLOW REGULATION; COLORADO-RIVER; DRYLAND RIVERS; NILE DELTA; ARAL SEA; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; FLOODPLAIN WETLAND C1 [Kingsford, R. T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lemly, A. D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Cold Water Fisheries Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Thompson, J. R.] UCL, Dept Geog, Wetland Res Unit, London WC1H 0AP, England. RP Kingsford, RT (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RI Thompson, Julian/A-4781-2010 NR 155 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52181-825-4 PY 2006 BP 203 EP 247 D2 10.2277/ 0521818257 PG 45 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BXU34 UT WOS:000297075300009 ER PT B AU Grannis, JL Bruch, ML AF Grannis, Jennifer L. Bruch, Megan L. BE Koontz, SR Hoag, DL Thilmany, DD Green, JW Grannis, JL TI The Role of USDA-APHIS in Livestock Disease Management within the USA SO ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASE INSURANCE: CONCEPTS, ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Grannis, Jennifer L.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bruch, Megan L.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Profitable Agr, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Grannis, JL (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E5, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jennifer.l.grannis@aphis.usda.gov; mlbruch@utk.edu; jennifer.l.grannis@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-077-4 PY 2006 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BWG50 UT WOS:000293849100002 ER PT J AU Ott, S AF Ott, Stephen BE Koontz, SR Hoag, DL Thilmany, DD Green, JW Grannis, JL TI Issues Associated with US Livestock Disease Compensation in the 21st Century SO ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASE INSURANCE: CONCEPTS, ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ott, S (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E5, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stephen.l.ott@aphis.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-077-4 PY 2006 BP 68 EP 81 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BWG50 UT WOS:000293849100006 ER PT J AU Green, JW Driscoll, JL Bruch, ML AF Green, John W. Driscoll, James L. Bruch, Megan L. BE Koontz, SR Hoag, DL Thilmany, DD Green, JW Grannis, JL TI Data Requirements for Domestic Livestock Insurance SO ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASE INSURANCE: CONCEPTS, ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Green, John W.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Driscoll, James L.] Watts & Associates, Crop Insurance Div, Overland Pk, KS 66209 USA. [Bruch, Megan L.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Profitable Agr, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Green, JW (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2W4, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM john.w.green@aphis.usda.gov; jdriscoll@wattsandassociates.com; mlbruch@utk.edu; john.w.green@aphis.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-077-4 PY 2006 BP 101 EP 114 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BWG50 UT WOS:000293849100008 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, AH Paarlberg, PL Lee, JG AF Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg Paarlberg, Philip L. Lee, John G. BE Koontz, SR Hoag, DL Thilmany, DD Green, JW Grannis, JL TI Economic Impacts of Eradicating Scrapie, Ovine Progressive Pneumonia and Johne's Disease on US Sheep, Lamb, Sheep Meat and Lamb Meat Markets SO ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASE INSURANCE: CONCEPTS, ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRADE C1 [Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.] Purdue Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Seitzinger, AH (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ann.h.seitzinger@aphis.usda.gov; paarlbep@purdue.edu; jleel@purdue.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-077-4 PY 2006 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BWG50 UT WOS:000293849100016 ER PT B AU Grannis, JL Green, JW Bruch, ML AF Grannis, Jennifer L. Green, John W. Bruch, Megan L. BE Koontz, SR Hoag, DL Thilmany, DD Green, JW Grannis, JL TI US Livestock Industry's Views on Livestock Disease Insurance SO ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASE INSURANCE: CONCEPTS, ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grannis, Jennifer L.; Green, John W.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bruch, Megan L.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Profitable Agr, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Grannis, JL (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E5, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jennifer.l.grannis@aphis.usda.gov; john.w.green@aphis.usda.gov; mlbruch@utk.edu; john.w.green@aphis.usda.gov; jennifer.l.grannis@aphis.usda.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-077-4 PY 2006 BP 222 EP 232 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BWG50 UT WOS:000293849100018 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Thies, WG Niwa, CG AF Kerns, BK Thies, WG Niwa, CG TI Season and severity of prescribed burn in ponderosa pine forests: Implications for understory native and exotic plants SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; CART; exotic species; forest understory; ponderosa pine; prescribed fire ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BROMUS-TECTORUM; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NORTHERN ARIZONA; EASTERN OREGON; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS AB We investigated herbaceous richness and cover in relation to fire season and severity, and other variables, five growing seasons following prescribed fires. Data were collected from six stands consisting of three randomly applied treatments: no burn, spring burn, and fall burn. Fall burns had significantly more exotic/native annual/biennial (an/bi) species and greater cover of these species (6.5% exotic; 1.7% native) compared to spring and unburned areas. These patterns are likely related to indirect fire effects associated with fire severity and resource availability, rather than direct fire effects due to burn timing. CART models indicated that high native and exotic an/bi richness and cover were associated with overstory gaps and higher fire severity areas, conditions common to fall bums. Exotics may be more successful at exploiting these environments. No treatment differences were found for native perennials. Location was important for explaining native perennial patterns, but richness and cover were also positively associated with lower fire severity, greater tree cover, and coarse woody debris. Expectations for increased native perennial plant diversity and abundance following prescribed fires may not necessarily be met and exotic species spread may compromise other ecosystem attributes. Restoration in these forests presents a challenge as prescribed fires interact with present environmental conditions that are very different from historical ones. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Western Wildland Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, 3160 NE 3rd St, Princeville, OR 97754 USA. EM bkerns@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 25 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.2980/1195-6860(2006)13[44:SASOPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027KC UT WOS:000236413400006 ER PT S AU Stenberg, PL AF Stenberg, Peter L. BE Johansson, B Karlsson, C Stough, R TI Investment and Household Adoption of Communication and Information Services SO EMERGING DIGITAL ECONOMY: ENTREPRENEURSHIP, CLUSTERS, AND POLICY SE Advances in Spatial Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Stenberg, PL (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1430-9602 BN 978-3-540-34488-9 J9 ADV SPAT SCI PY 2006 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1007/3-540-34488-8_12 D2 10.1007/3-540-34488-8 PG 14 WC Business; Economics; Geography; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Geography; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BLJ64 UT WOS:000270314100013 ER PT S AU Mandrell, RE Miller, WG AF Mandrell, R. E. Miller, W. G. BE Motarjemi, Y Adams, M TI Campylobacter SO EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FETUS SUBSPECIES FETUS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSM; PORCINE PROLIFERATIVE ENTERITIS; INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; SPUTORUM BIOVAR SPUTORUM; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME C1 [Mandrell, R. E.; Miller, W. G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mandrell, RE (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mandrell@pw.usda.gov NR 380 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-85573-963-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2006 IS 123 BP 476 EP 521 DI 10.1533/9781845691394.2.476 PG 46 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BNE85 UT WOS:000274293300019 ER PT J AU Yaden, BC Garcia, M Smith, TPL Rhodes, SJ AF Yaden, BC Garcia, M Smith, TPL Rhodes, SJ TI Two promoters mediate transcription from the human LHX3 gene: Involvement of nuclear factor I and specificity protein 1 SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ALPHA-SUBUNIT PROMOTER; LIM HOMEODOMAIN FACTOR; RECEPTOR GENE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; DNA-BINDING; FACTORS SP1; ACTIVATION AB The LHX3 transcription factor is required for pituitary and nervous system development in mammals. Mutations in the human gene are associated with hormone-deficiency diseases. The gene generates two mRNAs, hLHX3a and hLHX3b, which encode three proteins with different properties. Here, the cis elements and trans-acting factors that regulate the basal transcription of the two mRNAs are characterized. A comparative approach was taken featuring analysis of seven mammalian Lhx3 genes, with a focus on the human gene. Two conserved, TATA-less, GC-rich promoters that are used to transcribe the mRNAs precede exons 1a and 1b of hLHX3. Transcription start sites were mapped for both promoters. Deletion experiments showed most activity for reporter genes containing the basal promoters in the context of -2.0 kb of hLHX3a and 1.8 kb of intron 1a (hLHX3b). Transfection, site-directed mutation, electrophoretic mobility shift, Southwestern blot, and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches were used to characterize the interaction of transcription factors with conserved elements in the promoters. Specificity protein 1 is a regulator of both promoters through interaction with GC boxes. In addition, a distal element within intron 1a that is recognized by nuclear factor I is critical for hLHX3b promoter function. We conclude that dual promoters allow regulated production of two hLHX3 mRNAs. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rhodes, SJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Med Sci Bldg Room 362A,635 N Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM srhodes@iupui.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD42024] NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 324 EP 337 DI 10.1210/en.2005-0970 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 994TG UT WOS:000234053500036 PM 16179410 ER PT J AU Tainter, JA Allen, TFH Hoekstra, TW AF Tainter, JA Allen, TFH Hoekstra, TW TI Energy transformations and post-normal science SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Advances in Energy Studies CY MAY, 2000 CL Portovenere, ITALY ID ANTS; SUSTAINABILITY; COMPLEXITY; ECOLOGY; WORLD AB Public interest is central to future energy. A transition from fossil to renewable fuels would be likely to involve post-normal science, which is science constrained by uncertainty, urgency, high stakes, and public values. Future energy transformation will involve post-normal science because public interest will be central, and political will may be as limiting as engineering issues. This paper discusses cases of energy transformation in human and insect societies, showing general patterns in resource transitions, and in human responses to them. Understanding these general patterns allows scenarios to be developed describing some consequences of possible energy futures. The costs and benefits of these alternatives will have tangible differences for the interests of people whose lives are affected. Values, uncertainty, urgency, and high stakes all suggest the utility of a post-normal approach to future energy. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tainter, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM jtainter@fs.fed.us RI Quezada, George/I-1106-2012 OI Quezada, George/0000-0002-4060-6109 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.06.002 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 963YV UT WOS:000231843600006 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Sharp, CA Ryan, TW AF Knothe, G Sharp, CA Ryan, TW TI Exhaust emissions of biodiesel, petrodiesel, neat methyl esters, and alkanes in a new technology engine SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ISENTROPIC BULK MODULUS; CETANE NUMBERS; DIESEL; COMPONENTS; SPEED; SOUND AB Biodiesel is a renewable, alternative diesel fuel of domestic origin derived from a variety of fats and oils by a transesterification reaction; thus, it consists of the alkyl esters, usually methyl esters, of the fatty acids of the parent oil or fat. An advantage of biodiesel is its potential to significantly reduce most regulated exhaust emissions, including particulate matter (PM), with the exception of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In this work, three fatty acid methyl esters, neat methyl laurate, neat methyl palmitate, and technical grade methyl oleate, were selected for exhaust emissions testing in a heavy-duty 2003 six-cylinder 14 L diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation. These fuels were compared with neat dodecane and hexadecane as well as commercial samples of biodiesel and low-sulfur petrodiesel as the base fuel, thus establishing for the first time a baseline of the exhaust emissions of neat hydrocarbon (alkane) fuels versus neat methyl esters. All fuels were tested over the heavy-duty diesel transient cycle. PM emissions were significantly reduced with biodiesel and methyl oleate (about 77 and 73%, respectively), while reductions with methyl palmitate and methyl laurate were even greater (82-83%) compared to the petrodiesel fuel. PM emissions with biodiesel only slightly exceeded the upcoming emissions standards, raising the possibility that biodiesel may meet these standards using only a diesel oxidation catalyst without employing a particulate trap. NO, emissions increased with biodiesel (about 12%) and technical grade methyl oleate (about 6%) but decreased (about 4-5%) with methyl palmitate and methyl laurate relative to those of the base fuel. PM emissions decreased (about 45-50%) with both dodecane and hexadecane. NOx emissions were reduced (around 15.5-16%) with dodecane and hexadecane compared to those of the petrodiesel fuel. The methyl ester moiety influences exhaust emissions by reducing particulate matter considerably more than neat straight-chain hydrocarbons, which are enriched in "clean" petrodiesel fuels, while NOx exhaust emissions, which showed little chain-length dependence, are less reduced. Thus, no future "clean" petrodiesel fuel should be able to achieve the low PM exhaust emissions levels of biodiesel without additional additive treatments or support by engine technology. Unsaturated fatty esters show slightly increased NOx and PM emissions compared to their saturated counterparts. The soluble organic fraction of the PM emissions was higher for the ester fuels. Hydrocarbon (HC) and CO exhaust emissions were also determined. Although HC emissions were low, a strong effect of chain length was observed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. SW Res Inst, Engine & Vehicle Res Div, San Antonio, TX 78288 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM knothegh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 229 Z9 239 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1021/ef0502711 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 005JK UT WOS:000234818200060 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, BJ de la Chesnaye, FC Beach, RH Sommer, A Murray, BC AF DeAngelo, Benjamin J. de la Chesnaye, Francisco C. Beach, Robert H. Sommer, Allan Murray, Brian C. TI Methane and nitrous oxide mitigation in agriculture SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; MODEL AB This analysis presents cost estimates for mitigating nitrous oxide from cropland soils, and methane from livestock enteric fermentation, manure management and rice cultivation for major world regions. Total estimated global mitigation potential is approximately 64 MtCeq. in 2010 at negative or zero costs, 141 MtCeq. at $200/TCeq., and up to 168 MtCeq. at higher costs. Costs for individual options range from negative to positive in nearly every region, depending on emission, yield, input, labor, capital cost, and outside revenue effects. Future assessment requires improved accounting for multiple greenhouse gas effects, heterogeneity of emissions and yields, baseline management conditions, identification of options that generate farmer and societal benefits, adoption feasibility, and commodity market effects into mitigation decisions. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP DeAngelo, BJ (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Penn Ave NW 6207J, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM deangelo.ben@epa.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2006 SI 3 BP 89 EP 108 PG 20 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153WM UT WOS:000245467100006 ER PT J AU Hossain, MS Williams, DG Mansfield, C Bartelt, RJ Callinan, L Il'ichev, AL AF Hossain, MS Williams, DG Mansfield, C Bartelt, RJ Callinan, L Il'ichev, AL TI An attract-and-kill system to control Carpophilus spp. in Australian stone fruit orchards SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE aggregation pheromone; co-attractant; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; Carpophilus davidsoni; Carpophilus mutilatus; Carpophilus hemipterus; pest management; monitoring ID SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; CALIFORNIA DATE GARDEN; HEMIPTERUS COLEOPTERA; C-HEMIPTERUS; FIELD-TESTS; NITIDULIDAE; COATTRACTANT; MUTILATUS; RESPONSES; BEETLE AB During two growing seasons, the use of an attract-and-kill system for control of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and the effective range or drawing power of the attract-and-kill stations were examined in stone fruit orchards in the Goulburn Valley, northern Victoria, Australia. Three attract-and-kill stations, baited with synthetic aggregation pheromone plus co-attractant, were placed about 50 m apart in the upwind corner of each treated block 5-6 weeks before the fruit began to ripen. Large numbers of Carpophilus spp. were caught in the attract-and-kill stations immediately after placement. By the time fruit had ripened, the number of Carpophilus spp. caught had decreased greatly. Fruit damage caused by Carpophilus spp. in treated blocks, especially in 2000-2001 season, was almost zero (0.1% and 0.6%) in trees and on the ground, respectively, whereas the damage levels in control blocks were 5.2% and 19.9% in trees and on the ground, respectively. This study indicates that excellent protection of ripening stone fruit may be achieved by using attract-and kill-stations. C1 Tatura Ctr, Dept Primary Ind, Primary Ind Res Victoria, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. USDA, Dept Agr, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hossain, MS (reprint author), Tatura Ctr, Dept Primary Ind, Primary Ind Res Victoria, Private Bag 1, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. EM mofakhar.hossain@dpi.vic.gov.au OI IL'ICHEV, ALEXANDRE/0000-0002-3090-4137 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 118 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00354.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 994JH UT WOS:000234027400002 ER PT J AU Kingsolver, JM Stephan, K Moser, JC AF Kingsolver, JM Stephan, K Moser, JC TI A new species of Lasconotus (Coleoptera : Colydiidae) from Arizona and South Dakota, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Lasconotus; Colydiidae; Coleoptera; Pinus; bark beetles; trapping; Arizona; South Dakota; USA AB Lasconotus fitzgibbonae, a new species in the Colydiidae, is described. It is compared with Lasconotus coronatus (Hinton) from Mexico, originally described in the genus Chrysopogonius Hinton, now a synonym of Lasconotus Erichson. The South Dakota specimens were found under the root bark of Pinus edulis Engelm. C1 Florida State Collect Arthropods, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kingsolver, JM (reprint author), Florida State Collect Arthropods, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM bruchid@aol.com; jmoser@fs.fed.us NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[53:ANSOLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042SD UT WOS:000237548800008 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW Kumata, T Hara, H AF Schaefer, PW Kumata, T Hara, H TI First record of Lymantria (Spinotria) Grisescens bantaizana Matsumura (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) on the island of Hokkaido, Japan SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Hokkaido Forestry Res Inst, Entomol Lab, Bibai, Hokkaido 0790198, Japan. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM paulschaefer60@hotmail.com; hara@hfri.bibai.hokkaido.jp NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[115:FROLSG]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042SD UT WOS:000237548800017 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW Barth, SE AF Schaefer, PW Barth, SE TI Non-diapause in laboratory-reared North American Orgyia spp. and Australian Teia anartoides (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM paulschaefer60@hotmail.com; triumph@udel.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 1 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[121:NILNAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 042SD UT WOS:000237548800019 ER PT J AU Gomez, SK Oosterhuis, DM Hendrix, DL Johnson, DR Steinkraus, DC AF Gomez, SK Oosterhuis, DM Hendrix, DL Johnson, DR Steinkraus, DC TI Diurnal pattern of aphid feeding and its effect on cotton leaf physiology SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Aphis gossypii G.; aphid-honeydew carbohydrates; Gossypium hirsutum L.; leaf carbohydrates; photosynthesis; respiration ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; BLACK BEAN APHID; FABAE SCOP; SUGAR-BEET; HONEYDEW; GOSSYPII; RESPONSES; GROWTH; ALEYRODIDAE; INFESTATION AB Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii G.) populations seemed to fluctuate over the past years in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) perhaps as a result of excessive use of insecticides for controlling more problematic pests. Contradictory plant responses have been observed depending upon the aphid/plant system, and it is unclear if cotton aphids, abiotic stress or both are responsible for cotton yield reduction in aphid-infested fields. Our objectives were to investigate the diurnal changes in the physiology of cotton leaves following aphid herbivory, and the diurnal pattern of aphid feeding. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber using the cotton cultivar 'Stoneville 474'. Leaves of the same age and size were infested with wingless adults plus nymphs. Cotton aphids were allowed to increase in numbers without restriction for 9 days, after which the amounts of carbohydrates in aphid-honeydew, and the number of honeydew droplets excreted per aphid were measured. Photosynthetic rates, dark respiration rates and foliar non-structural carbohydrates were measured. The amount of individual carbohydrates found in the honeydew was significantly different with time. The total amount of carbohydrates excreted per aphid within a 24-h period averaged 2.5 mu g. The number of honeydew droplets excreted per aphid varied significantly from time to time period. Cotton aphids did not significantly alter photosynthesis or respiration rates or non-structural carbohydrates on leaves. Aphid populations of approximately 300 per leaf on the 9th day of infestation did not appear to significantly alter the physiology of cotton leaves. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, WCRL, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Gomez, SK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, 217 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sgomezv@uark.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.001 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984RY UT WOS:000233323200008 ER PT J AU Hopper, KR Britch, SC Wajnberg, E AF Hopper, Keith R. Britch, Seth C. Wajnberg, Eric BE Bigler, F Babendreier, D Kuhlmann, U TI Risks of Interbreeding Between Species Used in Biological Control and Native Species, and Methods for Evaluating Their Occurrence and Impact SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INVERTEBRATES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS: METHODS AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRICHOGRAMMA HYMENOPTERA-TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER FEMALES; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCE; LOCK-AND-KEY; HYBRID ZONE; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; EXPERIMENTAL HYBRIDIZATION; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA AB Insect species introduced or augmented for biological control of insect pests may interbreed with native species, which may change fitness or cause evolution, which may in turn alter abundances. By 'interbreeding', we mean any reproductive interactions between species. We review the literature on factors affecting the likelihood of interbreeding between insect species and the impacts when these occur. We discuss phylogenetic relatedness, geographical distribution, spatial and temporal barriers to mating, mate recognition, copulation and sperm use, hybrid inviability and sterility, hybrid speciation, reproductive character displacement and introgression. We concentrate on the risks from introduced species, but we also address the risks from augmentation of native species. We propose methods for pre-introduction or pre-augmentation assessment of the likelihood and potential impact of interbreeding between native species and insects used in biological control. Finally, we propose methods for evaluating the occurrence and impact of interbreeding after insect species are introduced or augmented. C1 [Hopper, Keith R.; Britch, Seth C.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Wajnberg, Eric] INRA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM khopper@udel.edu; seth.britch@ars.usda.gov; wajnberg@antibes.inra.fr RI Wajnberg, Eric/A-4862-2009 OI Wajnberg, Eric/0000-0002-6700-7114 NR 124 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-058-3 PY 2006 BP 78 EP 97 DI 10.1079/9780851990583.0078 D2 10.1079/9780851990583.0000 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BWA93 UT WOS:000293330500007 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Berryman, RD AF Booth, DT Cox, SE Berryman, RD TI Precision measurements from very-large scale aerial digital imagery SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; image; measurement; measurement software; resolution; riparian measurements; stream width AB Managers need measurements and resource managers need the length/width of a variety of items including that of animals, logs, streams, plant canopies, man-made objects, riparian habitat, vegetation patches and other things important in resource monitoring and land inspection. These types of measurements can now be easily and accurately obtained from very large scale aerial (VLSA) imagery having spatial resolutions as fine as 1 millimeter per pixel by using the three new software programs described here. VLSA images have small fields of view and are used for intermittent sampling across extensive landscapes. Pixel-coverage among images is influenced by small changes in airplane altitude above ground level (AGL) and orientation relative to the ground, as well as by changes in topography. These factors affect the object-to-camera distance used for image-resolution calculations. 'ImageMeasurement' offers a user-friendly interface for accounting for pixel-coverage variation among images by utilizing a database. 'LaserLOG' records and displays airplane altitude AGL measured from a high frequency laser rangefinder, and displays the vertical velocity. 'Merge' sorts through large amounts of data generated by LaserLOG and matches precise airplane altitudes with camera trigger times for input to the ImageMeasurement database. We discuss application of these tools, including error estimates. We found measurements from aerial images ( collection resolution: 5-26 mm/pixel as projected on the ground) using ImageMeasurement, LaserLOG, and Merge, were accurate to centimeters with an error less than 10%. We recommend these software packages as a means for expanding the utility of aerial image data. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY USA. EM tbooth@lamar.colostate.edu NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-1070-0 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 001VT UT WOS:000234571500017 PM 16404547 ER PT J AU Wieser, G Manning, WJ Tausz, M Bytnerowicz, A AF Wieser, G Manning, WJ Tausz, M Bytnerowicz, A TI Evidence for potential impacts of ozone on Pinus cembra L. at mountain sites in Europe: An overview SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone effects; Pinus cembra; Central Europe; high altitude ID FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGERS; DIOXIDE GAS-EXCHANGE; ALPINE TIMBERLINE; AMBIENT OZONE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; NORWAY SPRUCE; JEFFREY PINE; PICEA-ABIES; NEEDLES; FUMIGATION AB We summarize what is known about the impact of ozone (O(3)) on Pinus cembra in the timberline ecotone of the central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. In the central European Alps exposure to ambient and two-fold ambient O(3) throughout one growing season did neither cause any visible injury nor affect the photosynthetic machinery and biochemical parameters in current to 1-year-old needles. By contrast, in the southern French Alps and in the Carpathians 1-year-old needles of Pinus cembra trees showed visual symptoms similar to those observed in O(3) stressed pine stands in southern California. For the southern French Alps the observed symptoms could clearly be attributed O(3) and differences in O(3) uptake seems to be the likely key factor for explaining the observed decline. For the Carpathians however, other reasons such as drought may not be excluded in eliciting the observed symptoms. Thus, the action of O(3) has always to be evaluated in concert with other environmental impacts, determining the tree's sensitivity to stress. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bundesamt & Forschungszentrum Wald, Div Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Plant Sci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Melbourne, Sch Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Creswick, Vic 3363, Australia. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Wieser, G (reprint author), Bundesamt & Forschungszentrum Wald, Div Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol, Rennweg 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM gerhard.wieser@uibk.ac.at RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Tausz, Michael /C-1990-2013 OI Tausz, Michael /0000-0001-8205-8561 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 139 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.037 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 994ZG UT WOS:000234069100006 PM 15993995 ER PT J AU Sujii, ER Lovei, GL Setamou, M Silvie, P Fernandes, MG Dubois, GSJ Almeida, RP AF Sujii, E. R. Lovei, G. L. Setamou, M. Silvie, P. Fernandes, M. G. Dubois, G. S. J. Almeida, R. P. BE Hilbeck, A Andow, DA Fontes, EMG TI Non-Target and Biodiversity Impacts on Non-Target Herbivorous Pests SO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, VOL 2: METHODOLOGIES FOR ASSESSING BT COTTON IN BRAZIL SE Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BT COTTON; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT; CHINA C1 [Sujii, E. R.] Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol CENARGEN, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Setamou, M.] ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Silvie, P.] CIRAD CA, SHIS QI 15, BR-71635350 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Lovei, G. L.] Flakkebjerg Res Ctr, Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Crop Protect, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. [Fernandes, M. G.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Ciencias Agr, BR-79804970 Mato Grosso, Brazil. [Dubois, G. S. J.] IBAMA Brazilian Inst Environm & Nat Renewable Res, BR-70818900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Almeida, R. P.] Embrapa Cotton, BR-58107720 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. RP Sujii, ER (reprint author), Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol CENARGEN, Parque Estacao Biol,Av W5 Norte Final, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM sujii@cenargen.embrapa.br; gabor.lovei@agrsci.dk; msetamou@weslaco.ars.usda.gov; psilvie@terra.com.br; mgfernan@ceud.ufms.br; gaetan.dubois@ibama.gov.br; raul@cnpa.embrapa.br RI Lovei, Gabor/B-7763-2008; Sujii, Edison Ryoiti/H-7715-2015; OI Lovei, Gabor/0000-0002-6467-9812; Sujii, Edison Ryoiti/0000-0001-7602-8999; Sujii, Edison/0000-0002-0702-0181 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-000-4 J9 ENV RISK ASSESS GENE PY 2006 VL 2 BP 133 EP 154 D2 10.1079/9781845930004.0000 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BVY76 UT WOS:000293171600008 ER PT B AU de Faria, MR Lundgren, JG Fontes, EMG Fernandes, OA Schmidt, F Tuat, NV Andow, DA AF de Faria, M. R. Lundgren, J. G. Fontes, E. M. G. Fernandes, O. A. Schmidt, F. Nguyen Van Tuat Andow, D. A. BE Hilbeck, A Andow, DA Fontes, EMG TI Assessing the Effects of Bt Cotton on Generalist Arthropod Predators SO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, VOL 2: METHODOLOGIES FOR ASSESSING BT COTTON IN BRAZIL SE Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA NEUROPTERA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHRYSOPIDAE; CORN; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CRY1AB; TOXIN; CONSUMPTION C1 [Fontes, E. M. G.] Embrapa Cenargen Genet Resources & Biotechnol, BR-70770901 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Andow, D. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [de Faria, M. R.; Fontes, E. M. G.; Schmidt, F.] Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol Cenargen, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Fernandes, O. A.] UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Depto Fitossanidade FCAV, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Lundgren, J. G.] ARS, No Grains Insect Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Nguyen Van Tuat] Vietnam Minist Agr & Rural Dev MARD, Natl Inst Plant Protect, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Fontes, EMG (reprint author), Embrapa Cenargen Genet Resources & Biotechnol, Caxia Postal 02372,Parque Estacao Biol,Av W3 Nort, BR-70770901 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mrf39@cornell.edu; jlundgren@ngirl.ars.usda.gov; eliana@cenargen.embrapa.br; oafernan@fcav.unesp.br; schmidt@cenargen.embrapa.br; tuat@hn.vnn.vn; dandow@umn.edu; dandow@umn.edu; eliana@cenargen.embrapa.br NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-000-4 J9 ENV RISK ASSESS GENE PY 2006 VL 2 BP 175 EP 199 D2 10.1079/9781845930004.0000 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BVY76 UT WOS:000293171600010 ER PT S AU Aneja, VP Blunden, J Claiborn, CS Rogers, HH AF Aneja, Viney P. Blunden, Jessica Claiborn, Candis S. Rogers, Hugo H. BE Barnes, I Rudzinski, KJ TI Dynamic chamber system to measure gaseous compounds emissions and atmospheric-biospheric interactions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION CHAMBERS: APPLICATION TO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES SE NATO Science Series IV-Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Simulation Chambers - Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes CY OCT 01-04, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP NATO DE dynamic chamber; emissions; ammonia; nitrogen oxide; hydrogen sulphide; hydrogen peroxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE EMISSIONS; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOIL; TRANSPORT; LAGOONS; FLUXES AB The dynamic flow-through chamber system has been developed in response to a need to measure emissions of nitrogen, sulphur, and carbon compounds for a variety of field applications. The, cylindrical chamber system is constructed of chemically inert materials and internally lined with 5mil thick transparent fluorinated ethylene polypropylene (FEP) Teflon to reduce chemical reactions and build up of temperature inside the chamber. The chamber (diameter = 27cm, height = 42 cm, volume = 24.05 L) is designed with an open-ended bottom that can penetrate either soil or liquid to a depth of similar to 6-8 cm, thus creating a completely enclosed system. Carrier gas (e.g. compressed zero-grade air) is pumped at a constant flow rate (similar to 2 to similar to 5 lpm), depending on the season. The air inside the chamber is well mixed by a variable-speed, motor-driven Teflon impeller (similar to 40 to similar to 100 rpm). Many different laboratory and field experiments have been conducted using this dynamic chamber system. Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2,.NOy) emissions have been measured from agricultural soils where nitrogen-rich fertilizers have been applied. Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and reduced organic sulphur compounds emissions have been measured using this same technique across a gas-liquid interface at swine waste treatment anaerobic storage lagoons, and agricultural fields. Similar chamber systems have also been deployed to measure uptake of nitrogen, Sulphur, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide gases by crops and vegetation to examine atmospheric-biospheric interactions. Emissions measurements have been validated by a coupled gas-liquid transfer with chemical reaction model as well as a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WATER 9 model. C1 [Aneja, Viney P.; Blunden, Jessica] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Claiborn, Candis S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rogers, Hugo H.] ARS-USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Aneja, VP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM VINEY_ANEJA@NCSU.edu RI Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a part of the National Research Initiative (NRI) [2003-05360] FX Funding of this research project was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a part of the National Research Initiative (NRI) under Contract No. 2003-05360. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-4230-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2006 VL 62 BP 97 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEE84 UT WOS:000237009600007 ER PT J AU Wilhelms, KW Cutler, SA Proudman, JA Anderson, LL Scanes, CG AF Wilhelms, KW Cutler, SA Proudman, JA Anderson, LL Scanes, CG TI Effects of atrazine on sexual maturation in female Japanese quail induced by photostimulation or exogenous gonadotropin SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atrazine; female quail; photostimulation; sexual maturation; pregnant mare serum gonadotropin ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED RESPONSES; TRIAZINE-DERIVED COMPOUNDS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; TURKEY HENS; WISTAR RATS; ESTROGEN; ESTRADIOL AB The herbicide atrazine has gained recent attention for its reported effects on reproduction in amphibians. The present study examined the Putative effects of atrazine during sexual maturation in the photostimulated female Japanese quail. Furthermore, the effects of atrazine on birds administered exogenous gonadotropin (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin [PMSG]) were investigated. Atrazine was administered up to 1,000 ppm in the diet to female quail undergoing photoperiodically induced sexual maturation. At high dietary concentrations, atrazine exhibits signs of overt toxicity with reductions in growth, feed intake, and liver weights, but these effects were dependent on the timing of treatment administration. Atrazine did not influence the weights of reproductive tissues (ovary and oviduct) or circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). However, high concentrations of atrazine depressed circulating concentrations of estradiol. Treatment with atrazine for four weeks during sexual maturation inhibited growth but did not affect any other parameter assessed (feed intake, liver, ovary, or oviduct weights or the circulating concentrations of LH and estradiol). In birds receiving daily injections of PMSG, atrazine reduced growth, feed intake, and liver weights. However, PMSG-induced gonadal and oviduct growth was not affected by atrazine. The present results suggest that dietary atrazine exhibits limited reproductive toxicity in female quail during sexual maturation and only at concentrations above ecological relevance. C1 Iowa State Univ, Interdept Toxicol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scanes, CG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdept Toxicol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM scanes@research.msstate.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1897/05-039R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 997QL UT WOS:000234261600030 PM 16494247 ER PT S AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. BE Gupta, SM TI Modeling organic product and residue stream flows on a constituent basis SO Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing VI CY OCT 01-03, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE byproducts; constituents; food; modeling; organics; residuals; residues; simulation; waste management ID BY-PRODUCTS; WASTE; SYSTEMS; WHEAT AB As manufacturing industries become more cognizant of the ecological effects that their firms have on the surrounding environment, their waste streams are increasingly becoming viewed not as materials in need of disposal, but rather as resources that can be reused, recycled, or reprocessed into valuable products. Within the food processing sector are many examples of biological and organic processing residues. Alternative disposal methods for these manufacturing waste streams are increasingly being investigated. Direct shipping, blending, extrusion, pelleting, and drying are commonly used to produce finished human foods, animal feeds, industrial products, and components ready for further manufacture. Computer modeling and simulation can aid in these value-added endeavors. This paper discusses a strategy that can be used when constructing computer models for bio-organic processing streams. Not only do macroscale process flows need to be considered, but individual constituents, on a micro-scale, are also essential in order to develop appropriate models. The development heuristics and hierarchies discussed here can be applied to various liquid, sludge, or solid materials when simulating processing and reprocessing avenues for specific manufacturing process streams. Thus this methodology is applicable to food processing operations, but many other industrial and manufacturing firms could also benefit from instituting the principles described here. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6483-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6385 BP U93 EP U102 DI 10.1117/12.685147 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BFR09 UT WOS:000243914100010 ER PT S AU Rosentrater, KA AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. BE Gupta, SM TI Modeling the economics of blending organic processing waste streams SO Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing VI CY OCT 01-03, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE blending; byproducts; food; modeling; organics; residuals; residues; simulation; waste management ID BY-PRODUCTS; FOOD AB As manufacturing industries become more cognizant of the ecological effects that their firms have on the surrounding environment, their waste streams are increasingly becoming viewed not only as materials in need of disposal, but also as resources that can be reused, recycled, or reprocessed into valuable coproducts. Within the food and biological processing sector are many examples of various liquid, sludge, and solid waste streams that require remediation. Alternative disposal methods for these organic manufacturing waste streams are increasingly being investigated. Even though high-value extrusion, pelleting, and drying are commonly used to produce finished human foods, animal feeds, industrial products, and components ready for further manufacture, blending and shipping is a commonly used approach to waste utilization, especially when these materials are used as animal feeds. This paper discusses the implementation of a computer model that examines the economics of blending organic waste streams with other carrier materials, to improve nutrient content as well as augment storage and handling properties. Not only are these results applicable to food processing operations, but any industrial or manufacturing firm could benefit from examining the trends discussed here. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6483-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6385 BP U83 EP U92 DI 10.1117/12.685131 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BFR09 UT WOS:000243914100009 ER PT B AU Jeng, JJ Goldman, D Eriksson, CJP Kallarakal, AT Wang, TTY Weiner, H Song, BJ AF Jeng, JJ Goldman, D Eriksson, CJP Kallarakal, AT Wang, TTY Weiner, H Song, BJ BE Weiner, H Plapp, B Lindahl, R Maser, E TI Accumulation of hepatic acetaldehyde and reduced alcohol drinking in transgenic mice carrying the oriental variant of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene SO Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism 12 SE ENZYMOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CARBONYL METABOLISM - SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Meeting on Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism CY JUL 06-11, 2004 CL Burlington, VT DE aldehyde dehydrogenase; human mutation; transgenic mice; acetaldehyde; drinking behavior ID PREFERENCE; RAT; SENSITIVITY; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; GENOTYPES; MUTATION; JAPANESE; ETHANOL; CLONING AB Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is the major ALDH isozyme involved in acetaldehyde metabolism. It is well established that a single nucleotide substitution (G to A) leads to the amino acid change (Glu487Lys) and dominant inactivation of ALDH2 activity. Inactivation of ALDH2 activity causes the aversive reactions associated with "flushing" response observed in many East Asian people following alcohol intake. Although the ALDH2(2) allele (Lys487) has been shown to have a protective role against the development of alcoholism, the physiological and behavioral consequences of altered aldehyde metabolism remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ALDH2 in acetaldehyde accumulation and alcohol drinking behavior in transgenic mice carrying the human ALDH2(2) allele (Lys487), which would form heterotetramers with mouse ALDH2, thus inactivating it. We produced transgenic mice carrying the human ALDH2(2) variant (hALDH22) using a pcDNA3 vector containing the full-length cDNA for the hALDH2(2) coding region and the mitochondrial leader sequence under the control of cytomegalovirus promoter. Expression of hALDH2(2) in liver and brain of transgenic mice was detected by RTPCR of mRNA, enzyme assays and immunoblot analyses using polyclonal antibodies directed against ALDH2. In transgenic mice, human ALDH2(2) protein was expressed at low levels in all tissues examined. Mouse ALDH2 enzyme activity was slightly inhibited in these animals. Although there was no significant difference in liver or brain pathology in mice treated with 20% ethanol (4 g/kg/day) for 2 weeks, hepatic acetaldehyde levels in transgenic mice were increased 50% at 2 h after ethanol injection (p < 0.03) relative to control mice while hepatic alcohol concentrations were unchanged. Female transgenic mice, but not males, drank less alcohol than did control mice (p < 0.03). The data indicates that transgenic mice carrying the hALDH2(2) might be able to be used as a model to study the role of ALDH in alcohol preference, acetaldehyde accumulation, and acetaldehyde-mediated tissue damage after long-term alcohol treatment. C1 NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Dept Mental Hlth & Alcohol Res, Helsinki, Finland. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Song, BJ (reprint author), NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PURDUE UNIV PRESS PI W LAFAYETTE PA SOUTH CAMPUS COURTS D, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA BN 1-55753-384-9 J9 ENZYMOL MOL BIOL CAR PY 2006 VL 12 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BDP63 UT WOS:000234795000006 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Kelly, JD Beebe, SE Blair, MW AF Miklas, PN Kelly, JD Beebe, SE Blair, MW TI Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: From classical to MAS breeding SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE disease resistance; drought; epistasis; gene cluster; indirect selection; insect resistance; linkage; pathogens; pests; Phaseolus vulgaris ID ANGULAR-LEAF-SPOT; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT RESISTANCE; LEAFHOPPER EMPOASCA-FABAE; CONTRASTING SOIL TYPES; GOLDEN MOSAIC-VIRUS; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA AB Breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of global importance in common bean is reviewed with emphasis on development and application of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The implementation and adoption of MAS in breeding for disease resistance is advanced compared to the implementation of MAS for insect and abiotic stress resistance. Highlighted examples of breeding in common bean using molecular markers reveal the role and success of MAS in gene pyramiding, rapidly deploying resistance genes via marker-assisted backcrossing, enabling simpler detection and selection of resistance genes in absence of the pathogen, and contributing to simplified breeding of complex traits by detection and indirect selection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with major effects. The current status of MAS in breeding for resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose, Bean common mosaic and Bean common mosaic necrosis viruses, Beet curly top virus, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, common bacterial blight, halo bacterial blight, rust, root rots, and white mold is reviewed in detail. Cumulative mapping of disease resistance traits has revealed new resistance gene clusters while adding to others, and reinforces the co-location of QTL conditioning resistance with specific resistance genes and defense-related genes. Breeding for resistance to insect pests is updated for bean pod weevil (Apion), bruchid seed weevils, leafhopper, thrips, bean fly, and whitefly, including the use of arcelin proteins as selectable markers for resistance to bruchid seed weevils. Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses concentrates on drought, low soil phosphorus, and improved symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The combination of root growth and morphology traits, phosphorus uptake mechanisms, root acid exudation, and other traits in alleviating phosphorus deficiency, and identification of numerous QTL of relatively minor effect associated with each trait, reveals the complexity to be addressed in breeding for abiotic stress resistance in common bean. C1 USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 235 TC 181 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-4600-5 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 039UY UT WOS:000237334100007 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Cho, S Sarker, A McPhee, KE Coyne, CJ Rajesh, PN Ford, R AF Muehlbauer, FJ Cho, S Sarker, A McPhee, KE Coyne, CJ Rajesh, PN Ford, R TI Application of biotechnology in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE genetic mapping; genomics; Lens culinaris; marker-assisted-selection; synteny ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; LENS-CULINARIS-MEDIK; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; LEGUME MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; FUSARIUM VASCULAR WILT; F SP. LENTIS; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; RAPD MARKERS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; CDNA MICROARRAY AB Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays, reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop improvement. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Germplasm Program, Aleppo, Syria. Univ Melbourne, Sch Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 145 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-7108-0 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 039UY UT WOS:000237334100009 ER PT J AU Infantino, A Kharrat, M Riccioni, L Coyne, CJ McPhee, KE Grunwald, NJ AF Infantino, A Kharrat, M Riccioni, L Coyne, CJ McPhee, KE Grunwald, NJ TI Screening techniques and sources of resistance to root diseases in cool season food legumes SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE genetic variability; resistant varieties; soil-borne fungi ID F-SP CICERIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; GREEN DRY PEA; APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES DRECHS; KABULI CHICKPEA GERMPLASM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; OXYSPORUM F.SP CICERIS; PISUM CORE COLLECTION; REAL-TIME PCR AB Soil-borne fungal diseases are among the most important factors, limiting the yield of grain legumes in many countries worldwide. Root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and wilt, caused by several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum are the most destructive soil-borne diseases of pea, chickpea, lentil, fababean and lupin. The most effective control of these diseases is achieved through the use of resistant varieties. In this paper, recent advances in conventional and innovative screening methods for disease resistance are presented. Many grain legume accessions, which are maintained in national and international germplasm collections, have been evaluated for disease resistance and numerous resistant varieties have been released following incorporation of identified resistance genes from these sources. Recent identification of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes has greatly enhanced breeding programs by making marker assisted selection (MAS) possible and allowing the development of varieties with multiple disease resistance. Progress in the understanding of the biology of soil-borne fungal pathogens of grain legumes is also reviewed with particular reference to the genetic structure of their populations, diagnosis and host-pathogen interaction. C1 Ist Sperimentale Patol Vegetale, CRA, I-00156 Rome, Italy. INRAT, Field Crop Lab, Ariana 2080, Tunisia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Infantino, A (reprint author), Ist Sperimentale Patol Vegetale, CRA, Via CG Bertero 22, I-00156 Rome, Italy. EM a.infantino@ispave.it RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 193 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-6963-z PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 039UY UT WOS:000237334100012 ER PT J AU Tivoli, B Baranger, A Avila, CM Banniza, S Barbetti, M Chen, WD Davidson, J Lindeck, K Kharrat, M Rubiales, D Sadiki, M Sillero, JC Sweetingham, M Muehlbauer, FJ AF Tivoli, B Baranger, A Avila, CM Banniza, S Barbetti, M Chen, WD Davidson, J Lindeck, K Kharrat, M Rubiales, D Sadiki, M Sillero, JC Sweetingham, M Muehlbauer, FJ TI Screening techniques and sources of resistance to foliar diseases caused by major necrotrophic fungi in grain legumes SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE area under the disease progress curve; Ascochyta; Botrytis; chickpea; Cicer; Colletotrichum; Didymella; disease scoring; disease severity index; faba bean; lupin; lentil; Lens; Lupinus; marker-assisted selection; Medicago truncatula; model species; Mycosphaerella; pea; Phoma; Phomopsis; Pisum; Vicia ID PEA PISUM-SATIVUM; LENTIL LENS-CULINARIS; BEANS VICIA-FABA; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT RESISTANCE; NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN; MEDICAGINIS VAR PINODELLA; CICER-ARIETINUM L.; GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PHOMOPSIS STEM BLIGHT AB Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However, this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results. Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders. C1 IFAPA, CIFA Alameda Obispo, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Univ Saskatchewan, CDC, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Western Australia, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Sch Plant Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. SARDI, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. VIDA, Dept Primary Ind, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. INRAT, Field Crop Lab, Food Legume Programme, Ariana 2080, Tunisia. CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. IAV Hassan II, Genet & Select Legumineuses, Rabat, Morocco. Dept Agr Western Australia, Grain Legume Breeding, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia. EM bernard.tivoli@rennes.inra.fr RI Barbetti, Martin/B-3455-2011; Avila, Carmen/C-2411-2016; Sillero, Josefina C./C-6258-2016 OI Avila, Carmen/0000-0001-5710-0799; Sillero, Josefina C./0000-0002-5878-9054 NR 213 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-3131-4 PG 31 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 039UY UT WOS:000237334100013 ER PT J AU Jurgensen, M Reed, D Page-Dumroese, D Laks, P Collins, A Mroz, G Degorski, M AF Jurgensen, M Reed, D Page-Dumroese, D Laks, P Collins, A Mroz, G Degorski, M TI Wood strength loss as a measure of decomposition in northern forest mineral soil SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wood strength; Scots pine; lignin; cellulose; C/N ratio ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS FORESTS; SOUTH CLIMATIC TRANSECT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; FIXATION RATES; CARBON POOLS; DOUGLAS-FIR; DECAY AB Wood stake weight loss has been used as an index of wood decomposition in mineral soil, but it may not give a reliable estimate in cold boreal forests where decomposition is very slow. Various wood stake strength tests have been used as surrogates of weight loss, but little is known on which test would give the best estimate of decomposition over a variety of soil temperature conditions. Our study showed that radial compression strength (RCS) was a better indicator of wood strength change in southern pine (Pinus spp.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) than surface hardness or longitudinal shear. The suitability of using the RCS to measure wood decomposition in boreal mineral soils was tested in six Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations along a North-South gradient from Finland to Poland. After 3 years RCS losses ranged from 20% in northern Finland to 94% in central Poland, compared to dry weight losses of 3% and 65%. RCS was a sensitive indicator of initial wood decomposition, and could be used in soils where decomposition is limited by low temperature, lack of water or oxygen, or where a rapid estimate of wood decomposition is wanted. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geog & Spatial Org, Warsaw, Poland. RP Jurgensen, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mfjurgen@mtu.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2005.09.001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 030CK UT WOS:000236610700003 ER PT J AU Wright, JW Stanton, ML Scherson, R AF Wright, JW Stanton, ML Scherson, R TI Local adaptation to serpentine and non-serpentine soils in Collinsia sparsiflora SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Collinsia sparsiflora; ecotypic differentiation; fitness; local adaptation; phenology; reciprocal transplant experiment; serpentine soils ID NATURAL-SELECTION; GENE FLOW; METAL TOLERANCE; ANNUAL PLANT; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; GRADIENT AB Question: Are populations of a native California annual plant locally adapted to serpentine and non-serpentine soils? Study species: Collinsia sparsiflora (Scrophulariaceae s.l.), which grows both on and off serpentine soils. Field sites: We studied six populations at the McLaughlin University of California Natural Reserve, in the North Coast Range of California. All sites were within 1 km of each other, but were notably variable for a number of soil characters, including concentrations of calcium and magnesium, key factors in serpentine soils. Methods: We conducted reciprocal transplant experiments in 2002 and 2003. The 2002 experiment involved four study populations, two serpentine and two non-serpentine. In 2003, an additional population on each soil type was included in a second reciprocal transplant study. Seeds generated in greenhouse crosses were planted reciprocally into each population, providing replication within the soil types. Results: Both experiments demonstrated the presence of significant reciprocal adaptation to soil type. We also observed variation in phenology between transplants on the two soil types. We conclude that plants from these six populations represent two distinct, soil-specific ecotypes, raising questions about the relative role of selection and gene flow in promoting genetic differentiation in these contrasting environments. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jessicawwright@fs.fed.us RI Stanton, Maureen/E-1204-2012; Scherson, Rosa/L-8938-2013 OI Scherson, Rosa/0000-0003-3207-6395 NR 49 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 58 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 009PA UT WOS:000235123100001 ER PT J AU Sugihara, NG Barbour, MG AF Sugihara, Neil G. Barbour, Michael G. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and California Vegetation SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECORD C1 [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. [Barbour, Michael G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sugihara, NG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 1 EP 9 D2 10.1525/california/9780520246058.001.0001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200003 ER PT J AU Sugihara, NG van Wagtendonk, JW Fites-Kaufman, J AF Sugihara, Neil G. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Fites-Kaufman, Joann BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire as an Ecological Process SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFREQUENT DISTURBANCES; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT C1 [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA. [Fites-Kaufman, Joann] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA. RP Sugihara, NG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 58 EP 74 PG 17 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200006 ER PT J AU Wohlgemuth, PM Hubbert, K Arbaugh, MJ AF Wohlgemuth, Peter M. Hubbert, Ken Arbaugh, Michael J. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and Physical Environment Interactions Soil, Water, and Air SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FOREST; WILDFIRE; REPELLENCY; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; ECOSYSTEM; SEVERITY; NITROGEN C1 [Wohlgemuth, Peter M.; Arbaugh, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. [Hubbert, Ken] Hubbert & Associates, Apple Valley, CA USA. RP Wohlgemuth, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 75 EP 93 PG 19 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200007 ER PT J AU Fites-Kaufman, J Bradley, AF Merrill, AG AF Fites-Kaufman, Joann Bradley, Anne F. Merrill, Amy G. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and Plant Interactions SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PONDEROSA PINE; SEED-GERMINATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; DISTURBANCES; FLAMMABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; EVOLUTION C1 [Fites-Kaufman, Joann] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA. [Bradley, Anne F.] Nature Conservancy, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Merrill, Amy G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fites-Kaufman, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 94 EP 117 PG 24 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200008 ER PT J AU Shaffer, KE Laudenslayer, WF AF Shaffer, Kevin E. Laudenslayer, William F., Jr. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and Animal Interactions SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESCRIBED-FIRE; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; SHIELD LAKES; MORTALITY; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY; PINE; HERPETOFAUNA; DISTURBANCE C1 [Shaffer, Kevin E.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Fresno, CA USA. RP Shaffer, KE (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 118 EP 144 D2 10.1525/california/9780520246058.001.0001 PG 27 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200009 ER PT J AU Skinner, CN Taylor, AH Agee, JK AF Skinner, Carl N. Taylor, Alan H. Agee, James K. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Klamath Mountains Bioregion SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA; JEFFREY PINE; USA; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; VEGETATION C1 [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Skinner, CN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. NR 97 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 170 EP 194 PG 25 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200011 ER PT J AU Skinner, CN Taylor, AH AF Skinner, Carl N. Taylor, Alan H. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Southern Cascades Bioregion SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLCANIC-NATIONAL-PARK; ABIES-MAGNIFICA FORESTS; HISTORICAL FIRE REGIMES; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; TREE-RINGS; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; MONTANE FORESTS; CONIFER FORESTS C1 [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Skinner, CN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. NR 110 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 195 EP 224 PG 30 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200012 ER PT J AU Riegel, GM Miller, RF Skinner, CN Smith, SE AF Riegel, Gregg M. Miller, Richard F. Skinner, Carl N. Smith, Sydney E. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Northeastern Plateaus Bioregion SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BITTERBRUSH PURSHIA-TRIDENTATA; WESTERN JUNIPER WOODLANDS; EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; PONDEROSA-PINE; CENTRAL OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; FIRE HISTORY C1 [Riegel, Gregg M.] US Forest Serv, Bend, OR USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Redding, CA USA. [Smith, Sydney E.] US Forest Serv, Alturas, CA USA. RP Riegel, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Bend, OR USA. NR 225 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 225 EP 263 PG 39 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200013 ER PT J AU van Wagtendonk, JW Fites-Kaufman, JA AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Sierra Nevada Bioregion SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; CALIFORNIA INDIAN TRIBES; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST; FIRE HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; PINE; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; MORTALITY C1 [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA. [Fites-Kaufman, Jo Ann] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA. RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA. NR 122 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 264 EP 294 PG 31 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200014 ER PT J AU Davis, FW Borchert, MI AF Davis, Frank W. Borchert, Mark I. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Central Coast Bioregion SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY; SUCCULENT CARPOBROTUS-EDULIS; FIRE REGIMES; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION PATTERNS; QUERCUS-AGRIFOLIA; PINUS-COULTERI; AGE; DYNAMICS C1 [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Borchert, Mark I.] US Forest Serv, Ojai, CA USA. RP Davis, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 115 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 321 EP 349 PG 29 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200016 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Sugihara, NG AF Stephens, Scott L. Sugihara, Neil G. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire Management and Policy Since European Settlement SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; BEHAVIOR; REGIMES; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; COASTAL C1 [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 431 EP 443 D2 10.1525/california/9780520246058.001.0001 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200020 ER PT J AU Husari, S Nichols, HT Sugihara, NG Stephens, SL AF Husari, Sue Nichols, H. Thomas Sugihara, Neil G. Stephens, Scott L. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and Fuel Management SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; REDUCTION; HISTORY C1 [Husari, Sue] Natl Pk Serv, Oakland, CA USA. [Nichols, H. Thomas] Natl Pk Serv, Boise, ID USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. RP Husari, S (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Oakland, CA USA. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 444 EP 465 PG 22 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200021 ER PT J AU Thode, AE Kershner, JL Roby, K Decker, LM Beyers, JL AF Thode, Andrea E. Kershner, Jeffrey L. Roby, Ken Decker, Lynn M. Beyers, Jan L. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire, Watershed Resources, and Aquatic Ecosystems SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EROSION CONTROL; CALIFORNIA; STREAM; WILDFIRE; USA; COMMUNITIES; IMPACTS C1 [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Decker, Lynn M.] Nature Conservancy, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Roby, Ken] US Forest Serv, Susanville, CA USA. [Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. RP Thode, AE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 466 EP 480 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200022 ER PT B AU Ahuja, S AF Ahuja, Suraj BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI Fire and Air Resources SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIERRA-NEVADA C1 US Forest Serv, Willows, CA USA. RP Ahuja, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Willows, CA USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 481 EP 498 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200023 ER PT J AU Sugihara, NG van Wagtendonk, JW Fites-Kaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE AF Sugihara, Neil G. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn Shaffer, Kevin E. Thode, Andrea E. BE Sugihara, NG Wagtendonk, JWV FitesKaufman, J Shaffer, KE Thode, AE TI The Future of Fire in California's Ecosystems SO FIRE IN CALIFORNIA'S ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sugihara, Neil G.] US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. [Shaffer, Kevin E.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, El Portal, CA USA. [Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn] US Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA USA. RP Sugihara, NG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Mcclellan, CA USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93227-2 PY 2006 BP 538 EP 543 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BXB15 UT WOS:000295575200026 ER PT S AU Slate, D Rupprecht, C AF Slate, D. Rupprecht, C. BE Dodet, B Schudel, A Pastoret, PP Lombard, M TI Key challenges facing oral rabies vaccination in the United States SO First International Conference on Rabies in Europe SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Rabies in Europe CY JUN 15, 2005-JUN 18, 2006 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP World Org Anim Hlth C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Slate, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 59 Chenell Dr, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-6074 BN 3-8055-8115-7 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 2006 VL 125 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BEU36 UT WOS:000239529500002 ER PT J AU Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Pasnik, DJ AF Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Pasnik, DJ TI A vaccination and challenge model using calcein marked fish SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vaccination; cohabitation model; calcein; marking; Nile tilapia; Streptococcus iniae ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; BROOK TROUT; EFFICACY; FURUNCULOSIS; MORTALITY; PREDATION; OTOLITHS AB A vaccination and challenge cohabitation model was established and evaluated using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the fluorescent chromophore calcein, and a Streptococcus iniae vaccine. Tilapia were non-invasively calcein marked, sham-vaccinated (CMSV) and cohabited with non-marked sham-vaccinated (NMSV) or non-marked S. iniae vaccinates (NMV) as a single unit. After 30 d, the cohabitants were challenged with a virulent isolate of S. iniae by intraperitoneal (ip) injection and the cumulative mortality was measured over a period of 15 d. Calcein marking did not have a significant effect on S. iniae susceptibility as mortality of CMSV and NMSV was not significantly different (P = 0.6756). Nor did calcein marking have an effect on the vaccination and challenge cohabitation model. The results showed that the cumulative mortality of CMSV (N = 160) was significantly greater (P < 0.0003) than those of NMV (N = 160). The results of the calcein marking trials indicate that the most suitable calcein concentration and exposure time to produce detectable fluorescent marking of tilapia was 500 mg L-1 for 4 h. Furthermore, the calcein marks were readily visible in the calcified skeletal structures of head and fins using a portable handheld UV lamp set at 365 nm wavelength. Calcein appears to be a valuable tool for non-invasive, non-lethal, non-stressful, mass marking of fish to differentiate between sham- and pathogen-vaccinated fish in this cohabitation model. The vaccination and challenge cohabitation model also offers the statistical advantage of using individual fish as the experimental unit maintained in the same aquarium. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM pklesius@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.003 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 968XD UT WOS:000232195400003 PM 16018935 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, AL Peterson, BC Bosworth, BG AF Bilodeau, AL Peterson, BC Bosworth, BG TI Response of toll-like receptors, lysozyme, and IGF-I in back-cross hybrid (F1 male (blue X channel) X female channel) catfish challenged with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toll-like receptors; IGF-I; lysozyme; hybrid; channel catfish; innate immunity ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; ACTIVATION; GENE; EXPRESSION; INNATE AB Responses of toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR5), lysozyme, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to experimental challenge with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri were measured in back-cross hybrid (F1 male (blue X channel) X female channel) catfish. The resistance levels to E. ictaluri and host response mechanisms of back-cross hybrids are unknown. Fish were challenged with virulent E. ictaluri and sampled pre-challenge, 2 h and 2, 5, 8, 14, and 21 days post-challenge. Levels of mRNA expression of two toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR5) in liver, kidney, spleen, and stomach, plasma lysozyme activity, and circulating IGF-I levels were measured at each timepoint. Throughout challenge, TLR3 was expressed at higher levels than TLR5 in liver (P = 0.0011) and kidney (P = 0.0007) whereas TLR5 was more highly expressed than TLR3 in stomach (P = 0.0032). TLR3 was upregulated in comparison to non-exposed controls in liver (P = 0.0015) and stomach (P < 0.0001) on day 14 and TLR5 was upregulated in liver (P = 0.0175) on days 2 through S. Plasma lysozyme activity peaked on day 5 (P < 0.001) and IGF-I levels significantly decreased on days 2 through 14 (P < 0.0001). TLR expression patterns suggest that both TLR3 and TLR5 may play a role in host response to bacterial challenge. Plasma lysozyme activity also increased and circulating IGF-I decreased in response to the presence of the pathogen. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bilodeau, AL (reprint author), Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM abilodeau@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.005 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 968XD UT WOS:000232195400004 PM 15905103 ER PT J AU Li, RW Waldbieser, GC AF Li, RW Waldbieser, GC TI Genomic organisation and expression of the natural killer cell enhancing factor (NKEF) gene in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catfish; NKEF; LPS; bacteria ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; COMMON CARP; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR-B; CLONING; CLONES AB The gene encoding Natural Killer Cell Enhancing Factor (NKEF) was identified in clones from a gynogenetic channel catfish BAC library. NKEF gene sequence (5.2 kb) was obtained by direct sequencing of BAC clones. The catfish NKEF gene contains one non-coding exon, five coding exons and five introns. A putative TATA box and other transcription factor binding sites were identified in the promoter region. The NKEF amino acid sequence is highly conserved between fish and mammals. Gene expression, measured by real-time quantitative PCR, was detected in all major tissues with the highest level of expression in stomach and heart and lowest levels in gonad and pituitary gland. Catfish NKEF mRNA levels were slightly upregulated 8 and 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide. A TAA-repeat microsatellite was identified in a BAC clone containing the NKEF gene, and this locus contained at least 12 alleles in a random-bred catfish population. Multipoint linkage analysis in two reference families placed the NKEF gene on linkage group U18, 5.1 cM from locus IpCG0177 (r = 0.05; LOD = 45.8), 6.0 cM from a novel immune type receptor, syntenic (40 cM) with T-cell receptor alpha, and not linked with MHC loci. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rli@anri.barc.usda.gov; gwaldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.04.002 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 968XD UT WOS:000232195400008 PM 15967680 ER PT J AU Sumathipala, K White, RH AF Sumathipala, K. White, R. H. BE Apte, VB TI Flammability tests for regulation of building and construction materials SO FLAMMABILITY TESTING OF MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION, TRANSPORT AND MINING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIRE C1 [Sumathipala, K.] Amer Forest & Paper Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [White, R. H.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Sumathipala, K (reprint author), Amer Forest & Paper Assoc, 1111 9th St NW,Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Kuma_Sumathipala@afandpa.org; rhwhite@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85573-935-2 PY 2006 BP 217 EP 230 D2 10.1533/9781845691042 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BNG28 UT WOS:000274494200011 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB AF Whitaker, TB TI Sampling foods for mycotoxins SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Commission Mycotoxin Sampling Workshop CY JUL, 2004 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE mycotoxins; sampling; uncertainty ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS; PLANS AB It is difficult to obtain precise and accurate estimates of the true mycotoxin concentration of a bulk lot when using a mycotoxin-sampling plan that measures the concentration in only a small portion of the bulk lot. A mycotoxin-sampling plan is defined by a mycotoxin test procedure and a defined accept/reject limit. A mycotoxin test procedure is a complicated process and generally consists of several steps: (1) a sample of a given size is taken from the lot, (2) the sample is ground (comminuted) in a mill to reduce its particle size, (3) a subsample is removed from the comminuted sample, and (4) the mycotoxin is extracted from the comminuted subsample and quantified. Even when using accepted test procedures, there is uncertainty associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure. Because of this variability, the true mycotoxin concentration in the lot cannot be determined with 100% certainty by measuring the mycotoxin concentration in a sample taken from the lot. The variability for each step of the mycotoxin test procedure, as measured by the variance statistic, is shown to increase with mycotoxin concentration. Sampling is usually the largest source of variability associated with the mycotoxin test procedure. Sampling variability is large because a small percentage of kernels are contaminated and the level of contamination on a single seed can be very large. Methods to reduce sampling, sample preparation and analytical variability are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 26 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1080/02652030500241587 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 997ET UT WOS:000234228500007 PM 16393815 ER PT J AU Vargas, EA Whitaker, TB Dos Santos, EA Slate, AB Lima, FB Franca, RCA AF Vargas, EA Whitaker, TB Dos Santos, EA Slate, AB Lima, FB Franca, RCA TI Design of a sampling plan to detect ochratoxin A in green coffee SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Commission Mycotoxin Sampling Workshop CY JUL, 2004 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE ochratoxin A; green coffee; sampling plan; uncertainty ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; FARMERS STOCK PEANUTS; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; LOTS AB The establishment of maximum limits for ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee by importing countries requires that coffee-producing countries develop scientifically based sampling plans to assess OTA contents in lots of green coffee before coffee enters the market thus reducing consumer exposure to OTA, minimizing the number of lots rejected, and reducing financial loss for producing countries. A study was carried out to design an official sampling plan to determine OTA in green coffee produced in Brazil. Twenty-five lots of green coffee (type 7 - approximately 160 defects) were sampled according to an experimental protocol where 16 test samples were taken from each lot (total of 16 kg) resulting in a total of 800 OTA analyses. The total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances were 10.75 (CV = 65.6%), 7.80 (CV = 55.8%), 2.84 (CV = 333), and 0.11 (CV =6.6%), respectively, assuming a regulatory limit of 5 mu g kg(-1) OTA and using a 1 kg sample, Romer RAS mill, 25 g sub-samples, and high performance liquid chromatography. The observed OTA distribution among the 16 OTA sample results was compared to several theoretical distributions. The 2 parameter-log normal distribution was selected to model OTA test results for green coffee as it gave the best fit across all 25 lot distributions. Specific computer software was developed using the variance and distribution information to predict the probability of accepting or rejecting coffee lots at specific OTA concentrations. The acceptation probability was used to compute an operating characteristic (OC) curve specific to a sampling plan design. The OC curve was used to predict the rejection of good lots (sellers' or exporters' risk) and the acceptance of bad lots (buyers' or importers' risk). C1 Ministerio Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimiento, Lab Controle Qualidade & Seguranca Alimentar, LAV MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Minist Agr Pecuaria Abastecimiento, Dept Cafe, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. RP Vargas, EA (reprint author), Ministerio Agr Pecuaria & Abastecimiento, Lab Controle Qualidade & Seguranca Alimentar, LAV MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM evargas@agricultura.gov.br NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1080/02652030500258656 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 997ET UT WOS:000234228500008 PM 16393816 ER PT J AU Spanjer, MC Scholten, JM Kastrup, S Jorissen, U Schatzki, TF Toyofuku, N AF Spanjer, MC Scholten, JM Kastrup, S Jorissen, U Schatzki, TF Toyofuku, N TI Sample comminution for mycotoxin analysis: Dry milling or slurry mixing? SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Commission Mycotoxin Sampling Workshop CY JUL, 2004 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE subsampling; comminution; mycotoxin; slurry; dry-milling ID IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN CLEANUP; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCHRATOXIN-A; AFLATOXIN ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS; KERNELS AB A comparison was made between dry milling and slurry mixing as a comminuting step preceding mycotoxin analysis. Sample schemes of up to 30 kg are mandated by European Commission legislation. Cocoa, green coffee, almonds and pistachio samples of 10 kg were milled by a Romer analytical sampling mill and all three subsamples were analysed for aflatoxin B-1 or ochratoxin A content. The homogenization process was evaluated in terms of the analytical results, coefficients of variation for different mills and particle size distributions. Coefficients of variation for the comminuting step were higher for dry milling than for slurry mixing. This difference was explained based on measured particle size distributions for both milling types. Measurements also showed slight differences in mycotoxin content of samples based on milling procedures. This might lead to lots being wrongly accepted or rejected based on an erroneous subsample result. It was concluded that sample comminution was best performed by slurry mixing, which produced smaller particles and, consequently, homogeneous samples with lowest coefficients of variation. Additional data are given on analytical results in 10-kg subsamples that originate from the aggregate 30-kg sample as described in Commission Directive 98/53/EC. C1 Food & Consumer Prod Safety Author, NL-1018 BK Amsterdam, Netherlands. Eurofins, D-21107 Hamburg, Germany. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Spanjer, MC (reprint author), Food & Consumer Prod Safety Author, Hoogte Kadijk 401, NL-1018 BK Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM martien.spanjer@vwa.nl NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1080/02652030500260439 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 997ET UT WOS:000234228500009 PM 16393817 ER PT J AU Helm, RM Burks, W Maleki, SJ AF Helm, Ricki M. Burks, Wesley Maleki, Soheila J. BE Maleki, SJ Burks, AW Helm, RM TI Food Allergy PREFACE SO FOOD ALLERGY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Helm, Ricki M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Res Inst,Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Burks, Wesley] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Helm, RM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Res Inst,Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-572-1 PY 2006 BP IX EP XIII PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA BPH86 UT WOS:000278889200001 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Shogren, RL Sessa, DJ AF Mohamed, AA Rayas-Duarte, P Shogren, RL Sessa, DJ TI Low carbohydrates bread: Formulation, processing and sensory quality SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE low carbohydrate; vital gluten; soy isolate; baking; firmness; farinograph ID WHEAT-FLOUR DOUGHS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; HYDROPHILIC GUMS; FROZEN DOUGH; PROTEIN; LUPIN AB A low carbohydrate bread formula was prepared using hard red spring wheat flour, soy protein and vital gluten. Soy protein was treated with ethanol and jet-cooked to remove the beany taste. Vital gluten and soy protein blends were prepared and added to the control flour in order to reduce the final starch content by 52%. The ratio of soy protein:vital gluten was adjusted, based on the Farinograph profile of the blend relative to the control flour. AACC Method 10-09, Straight dough, was used for the baking. The amounts of shortening and yeast were increased, to improve the dough consistency and to reduce beany taste, respectively. A blend of 70% gluten and 30% soy protein was added to replace 50% of the control flour. This blend gave a loaf value similar to the control. Overall, the loaf was softer, darker in colour and the grain was more open than the control. Another blend, with 50% soy nuggets and 50% vital gluten, was added to replace 50% of the control flour. This produced a loaf with 35% less volume, darker colour, and a grain similar to the control. The protein content of the final product was 56%, which is much higher than that reported in the literature. Bread with high protein content is more suitable for use in low carbohydrate diets than bread formulations currently used. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, FARC, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov RI Mohamed, Abdellatif/O-5801-2015 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 686 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.044 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 058CM UT WOS:000238642100007 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Harper, W AF Eggleston, G Harper, W TI Determination of sugarcane deterioration at the factory: Development of a rapid, easy and inexpensive enzymatic method to measure mannitol SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mannitol enzymatic method; mannitol dehydrogenase; sugarcane deterioration ID INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AB Mannitol, formed mainly by Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria, is a very sensitive indicator of sugarcane deterioration that directly affects processing and can predict problems from dextran and levan polysaccharides. An enzymatic method has been developed to measure mannitol in juice pressed from consignments of sugarcane delivered to the factory. This screening tool will allow factory staff to rapidly know which consignments of cane will affect processing negatively or reject consignments that will cause unacceptable processing problems. Mannitol is directly measured on a spectrophotometer using mannitol dehydrogenase as the enzyme catalyst. The stability of the reagents, limited cane juice preparation and linearity are described. This method is accurate, comparing favorably with an ion chromatography method, and can be easily performed using existing equipment in sugarcane factories. The coefficient of variation (CV) for cane juices ranged from 1.73% to 5.13% with the highest CVs occurring for low mannitol concentrations in undeteriorated cane. Mannitol can be measured after similar to 7 min at room temperature and within 4 min if a 40 degrees C waterbath is used. The method is highly specific for mannitol and was not affected by the presence of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or dextran. The current cost is only similar to 60 US cents per analysis. Further studies on the viability of the method at the factory, and as a screening tool for breeding programs for cane freeze tolerance, are being undertaken. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 028ZJ UT WOS:000236527000023 ER PT B AU Buzby, JC AF Buzby, J. C. BE Potter, M TI Globalization of the food supply and the influence of economic factors on the contamination of food with pathogens SO FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DISEASE RISK: CONSUMER-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EMERGING FOODBORNE DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; CHALLENGE; ENGLAND; ILLNESS; EXPORTS; ISSUES; WALES; WORLD C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room S2080, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jbuzby@ers.usda.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 012 0 PY 2006 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1533/9781845692025.1.31 D2 10.1533/9781845692025 PG 24 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BNC40 UT WOS:000274156700003 ER PT J AU Cowen, P Jaykus, LA Moore, CM Morales, R Vicari, A AF Cowen, P. Jaykus, L. -A. Moore, C. M. Morales, R. Vicari, A. BE Potter, M TI Using surveillance data to characterize and analyze risk factors for foodborne illness SO FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DISEASE RISK: CONSUMER-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; SALMONELLA REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY; UNITED-STATES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SINGLE ORGANISM; TYPHOID-FEVER C1 [Cowen, P.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Hlth & Pathobiol Dept, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Jaykus, L. -A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Morales, R.] USDA, APHIS VS Eastern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Vicari, A.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Cowen, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Populat Hlth & Pathobiol Dept, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM peter_cowen@ncsu.edu; lajaykus@ncsu.edu; cmmoore3@unity.ncsu.edu; Roberta.A.Morales@aphis.usda.gov; vicarian@paho.org NR 207 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 012 0 PY 2006 BP 140 EP 180 DI 10.1533/9781845692025.1.140 PG 41 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BNC40 UT WOS:000274156700007 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Fishman, ML Hotchkiss, AT Lee, HG AF Yoo, SH Fishman, ML Hotchkiss, AT Lee, HG TI Viscometric behavior of high-methoxy and low-methoxy pectin solutions SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE high-methoxy pectin; low-methoxy pectin; reduced viscosity; intrinsic viscosity; pectin aggregation ID ORANGE ALBEDO; ESTERIFICATION; VISCOSITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHAIN; SIZE AB The hydrodynamic behavior of high-methoxy (HM) and low-methoxy (LM) pectin solutions was examined by capillary viscometric analysis. The LM-pectin was produced from the HM-pectin by PME-deesterification. As a result of the viscometric analysis, the PME-deesterified LM-pectin showed quite different solution behavior from the HM-pectin. The LM-pectin had larger intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) than HM-pectin when dissolved in 0.005 and 0.05 M concentrations of monovalent salts whereas HM-pectin had a higher value of [77] when dissolved in 0.2 M salt than LM-pectin. The concentration dependence of HM-pectin eta(red), values was fairly constant, whereas the concentration dependence of LM-pectin eta(red) values had a tendency to decrease as the pectin concentration approached zero. The effect of salt-type on the hydrodynamic behavior of both HM- and LM-pectin solutions was almost negligible. The precipitous drop in LM-pectin [eta] upon increasing the salt concentration from 0.05 to 0.2 M is interpreted as arising from its disaggregation. This interpretation is based in part on data from HPSEC with online light scattering and viscosity detection. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM shyoo@sejong.ac.kr NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2005.03.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 965YY UT WOS:000231988000008 ER PT S AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL AF Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL BE Shahidi, F Weenen, H TI Chemistry and rheology of cheese SO FOOD LIPIDS: CHEMISTRY, FLAVOR, AND TEXTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOZZARELLA CHEESE; FAT AB The chemistry of cheese and the use of this knowledge to develop a low-fat Mozzarella, now being used in the National School Lunch Program, were investigated. Texture and flavor development in cheese result from complex interactions between fat and protein, which are influenced by other factors such as salt content, pH, and temperature. Enzymes from the rennet and the starter cultures cleave casein molecules resulting in microstructural changes in the curd and forming compounds that impart specific flavors to the cheese. Fat serves as a filler in the protein matrix and as a carrier of flavor; consumers often find low-fat cheese varieties to be harder, less meltable, and less flavorful. These quality and sensory problems are surmountable if manufacturing procedures are adjusted with consideration of the chemistry taking place. The flavor can be enhanced by adding certain adjunct cultures, and the texture and meltability can be improved by processing at lower temperatures, which allows the microorganisms to remain active and break down the protein matrix during storage. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3896-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 920 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BEB70 UT WOS:000236575800011 ER PT J AU Goodridge, LD Willford, J Kalchayanand, N AF Goodridge, LD Willford, J Kalchayanand, N TI Destruction of Salmonella Enteriditis inoculated onto raw almonds by high hydrostatic pressure SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE raw almonds; Salmonella Enterditis; contamination; outbreaks; high hydrostatic pressure; decontamination; low water activity; baroprotective; water pressurization ID MILD HEAT; PATHOGENS; INACTIVATION; ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANCE AB The effects of continuous (50,000, 60,000 and 70,000 psi with holding times of 5 and 10 min) and discontinuous (oscillatory) (six cycles at 60,000 psi with a holding time of 20 s) high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on the viability of two Salmonella Enteriditis strains (FDA and PT30) inoculated onto raw almonds were evaluated at 25, 50, and 55 degrees C. Complete inactivation of the S. Enteriditis was achieved in 0.1% peptone water after continuous pressurization at 60,000 psi and 25 degrees C for 5 min. Continuous pressurization of raw almonds inoculated with S. Enteriditis at 60,000 psi and 50 degrees C for 5 min resulted in less than a log reduction (log(10) 0.83) of vegetative cells. The decimal reduction time using the continuous pressurization parameters was determined to be 9.78 min. A discontinuous process consisting of six cycles of pressurization at 60,000 psi and 50 degrees C for 20 s provided greater than a one log reduction (log(10) 1.27 for FDA and log(10) 1.16 for PT30) of the S. Enteriditis concentration. The low water activity (a,) of the almonds was found to impart baro-protective attributes on the S. Enteriditis cells. When the almonds were directly suspended in water and then pressurized, a log(10) reduction of 3.37 was achieved. HHP of certain dry foods appears to be feasible if the food is directly suspended in the pressurizing medium (water). (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goodridge, LD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, 100 E Univ Ave,Dept 3684, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lgoodrid@uwyo.edu NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2006 VL 39 IS 4 BP 408 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.09.003 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 027HH UT WOS:000236405300003 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, MG Guries, RP Schmoldt, DL AF Rickenbach, MG Guries, RP Schmoldt, DL TI Membership matters: comparing members and non-members of NIPF owner organizations in southwest Wisconsin, USA SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE NIPF owners; nonindustrial private forests; cooperatives; landowner associations; cross-boundary cooperation; NIPF management; membership ID PRIVATE FORESTLAND OWNERS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE OWNERSHIP; PARCELIZATION; COOPERATION; LAND AB We surveyed members of two nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owner organizations and non-members in southwest Wisconsin to learn their views and experiences on a range of forest ownership and management issues. The two organizations were the Sustainable Woods Cooperative (SWC) and the Wisconsin Woodland Owners Association (WWOA). Our survey yielded 503 completed questionnaires and a useable response rate of 69.5%. Members and non-members differed little in terms of perceived benefits of forest ownership, concerns over potential barriers to management, recent timber harvest activities and confidence in their management skills. However, members were more likely than non-members to have engaged in a variety of management activities during the last 3 years and more willing to consider future cross-boundary arrangements to benefit land stewardship. Between WWOA and SWC members, there were only two discernable differences, but the organizations are philosophically and structurally different. Given the voluntary nature of participation, no single organization can likely appeal to all owners. Yet, as the importance of landscape-scale management and biodiversity conservation increase, NIPF owner organizations could provide a mechanism for promoting and coordinating cross-boundary forest management practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rickenbach, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 120 Russell Labs, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mgrickenbach@wise.edu NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2004.05.006 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 012XL UT WOS:000235374100009 ER PT J AU Han, GP Wu, QL Wang, XP AF Han, GP Wu, QL Wang, XP TI Stress-wave velocity of wood-based panels: Effect of moisture, product type, and material direction SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; LUMBER; GREEN AB The effect of moisture on longitudinal stress-wave velocity (SWV), bending stiffness, and bending strength of commercial oriented strandboard, plywood, particleboard, and southern pine lumber was evaluated. It was shown that the stress-wave velocity decreased in general with increases in panel moisture content (MC). At a given MC level, SWV varied with panel type and test directions. Regression equations relating SWV to MC and bending properties (modulus of elasticity [MOE] and modulus of rupture [MOR]) were established for various products. Both MOE and MOR at different MCs can be estimated by observing the speed of propagation of a longitudinal wave. This information is useful for developing moisture correction factors on the stress-wave related properties for wood-based panel products. C1 NE Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. Louisiana State Univ, Agr Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Han, GP (reprint author), NE Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China. EM ghan1@lsu.edu; wuqing@lsu.edu; xwang@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 004UR UT WOS:000234778400003 ER PT J AU Balandier, P Collet, C Miller, JH Reynolds, PE Zedaker, SM AF Balandier, P Collet, C Miller, JH Reynolds, PE Zedaker, SM TI Designing forest vegetation management strategies based on the mechanisms and dynamics of crop tree competition by neighbouring vegetation SO FORESTRY LA English DT Review ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FAGUS-SYLVATICA SEEDLINGS; YOUNG CONIFER PLANTATIONS; BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; HERBACEOUS WEED-CONTROL; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SITE PREPARATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES AB Plant interactions can be defined as the ways plants act upon the growth, fitness, survival and reproduction of other plants, largely by modifying their environment. These interactions can be positive (facilitation) or negative (competition or exploitation). During plantation establishment or natural forest regeneration after a disturbance, high light levels and, sometimes, increased availability of water and nutrients favour the development of opportunistic, fast-growing herbaceous and woody species which capture resources at the expense of crop trees. As a consequence, the growth and survival of crop trees can be dramatically reduced. Although the effects of this competition are well documented, the physical and physiological mechanisms of competition are not. Moreover, the competition process is never constant in time or space. We present a conceptual competition model based on plant growth forms common in global forests, i.e. graminoids, forbs, small shrubs, large shrubs and mid-storey trees, and main-storey trees. Their competitive attributes and successional dynamics are examined. An overview is presented on the way forest vegetation management (FVM) treatments influence these components and outcomes regarding crop tree performance and diversity conservation. Finally, a synthesis of literature yields FVM guidelines for efficiently optimizing crop tree performance and safeguarding diversity. Future research needs to further sustainable FVM are presented. C1 Cemagref, Team Appl Ecol Woodlands, Clermont Ferrand Reg Ctr, F-63172 Aubiere, France. INRA, Lab Etud Ressources Foret Bois, UMR INRA EMGREF 1092, F-54280 Champenoux, France. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NRCan, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forestry 0324, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Balandier, P (reprint author), Cemagref, Team Appl Ecol Woodlands, Clermont Ferrand Reg Ctr, 24 Ave Landais,BP 50085, F-63172 Aubiere, France. EM philippe.balandier@cemagref.fr NR 183 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpi056 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 007KB UT WOS:000234966600002 ER PT J AU South, DB Miller, JH Kimberley, MO Vanderschaaf, CL AF South, DB Miller, JH Kimberley, MO Vanderschaaf, CL TI Determining productivity gains from herbaceous vegetation management with 'age-shift' calculations SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE PLANTATIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; WEED-CONTROL; NEW-ZEALAND; GROWTH-RESPONSE; MIDROTATION; FERTILIZATION; COMPETITION; CANTERBURY; BIOSOLIDS AB Gains in stand volume that result from competition control and fertilization are sometimes reported as 'percentage gains'. Because percentage gains arithmetically decline over time as stand volume increases, plantation managers have difficulty in using percentage gains to project growth and revenues. The 'age-shift' method quantifies the year advancements in stand growth due to silvicultural treatments and, for herbaceous vegetation management, it has been proposed that this metric is less likely to change after the juvenile growth phase. To test the sensitivity of the 'age-shift' method to time and hardwood competition, we used 20-year volume data from 11 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) studies that had early complete herbaceous and woody competition control. Volume growth gains were expressed in terms of percentages and 'age-shifts'. On all sites with no woody competition, percentage gains declined from age 8 years to age 20 years. In contrast, age-shift estimates on these plots either remained constant or increased over time. However, in four cases where woody basal areas were greater than 4 m(2) ha(-1) at age 15 years, age-shift gains due to herbaceous control decreased and eventually resulted in volume losses. When evaluating the response to early herbaceous competition control, age-shift calculations have promise as a useful predictive tool on sites with low levels of hardwood competition. Five methods for calculating age-shift are presented. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. New Zealand Forest Res Inst Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand. Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP South, DB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM southdb@auburn.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2006 VL 79 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpi058 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 007KB UT WOS:000234966600004 ER PT S AU Jakes, P AF Jakes, Pamela BE Jakes, P TI Learning from the experiences of others: Four forest landowner cooperatives share their stories SO Forestry Cooperatives: What Today's Resource Professionals Need to Know SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Conference on Forestry Cooperatives - What Todays Resource Professionals Need to Know CY NOV 18, 2003 CL St Paul, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Univ Wisconsin, USDA Forest Serv C1 USDA, N Cent Res Stn, US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2006 VL 266 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Business; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA BER25 UT WOS:000239023700007 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Averyanov, A AF Baker, Con Jacyn Averyanov, Andrey TI Apoplastic phenol co-oxidation and a novel oxidative burst SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 15-19, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2006 VL 41 SU 1 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 103OC UT WOS:000241895600163 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M. TI Polyphenols modulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis. SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY AUG 15-19, 2006 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Free Rad Res Int C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 1 BP S50 EP S50 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 086EG UT WOS:000240656000060 ER PT J AU Miller, SA Crowl, TA AF Miller, SA Crowl, TA TI Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on macrophytes and invertebrate communities in a shallow lake SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common carp; eutrophication; lake ecology; pondweed; Potamogeton pectinatus ID POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS; BENTHIVOROUS FISH; CENTRAL MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; PONDS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; EXCLUSION; MARSH AB 1. We performed two field experiments using different cage sizes to determine the direct and indirect effects of carp on macrophytes and invertebrate community composition in a shallow lake. 2. The presence of carp produced a significant decrease in macrophyte abundance, changes in species composition and decreased abundance and diversity of invertebrates in small (2.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 m) cages. In large exclosures (15 x 5 m), only macrophyte stem length was significantly affected by carp. 3. There was considerable variation in the macrophyte and invertebrate responses to carp on different sides of the lake in the large exclosures, suggesting that wind and wave action are also important variables affecting macrophyte growth and persistence. 4. The data suggest that carp can significantly affect species abundance and diversity of macrophytes and some macroinvertebrates. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Miller, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, 5310 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM smiller@biology.usu.edu RI Crowl, Todd/C-9576-2011 NR 40 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01477.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 991SQ UT WOS:000233834400007 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, MM AF Nakata, Paul A. McConn, Michele M. TI A genetic mutation that reduces calcium oxalate content increases calcium availability in Medicago truncatula SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FORMATION; DIETARY OXALATE; ABSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORBABILITY; VEGETABLES; SPINACH; LEGUMES; SEEDS; KALE AB Oxalate is considered an antinutrient that renders calcium unavailable for nutritional absorption by humans. Efforts have been made to generate and identify edible plants with decreased levels of this antinutrient. The extent to which a food can be nutritionally improved through genetic alterations in calcium oxalate content, however, has not been determined. The recent identification of near isogenic lines of the forage legume, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (cv. Jemalong genotype A17), that differ in calcium oxalate content aids in filling this gap in our knowledge. In this study, we use an in vitro dialysis system to show that the decrease in calcium oxalate results in an enhancement in calcium availability. By comparing virtually identical plants a more direct assignment of the calcium availability to the presence or absence of oxalate was made. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, the feasibility of improving plant foods through the genetic manipulation of its oxalate content. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1071/FP06068 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 058TD UT WOS:000238686600010 ER PT J AU Tesfaye, M Silverstein, KAT Bucciarelli, B Samac, DA Vance, CP AF Tesfaye, Mesfin Silverstein, Kevin A. T. Bucciarelli, Bruna Samac, Deborah A. Vance, Carroll P. TI The Affymetrix Medicago GeneChip (R) array is applicable for transcript analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GeneChip; gene expression; medic; Medicago; transcript analysis ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; GENES; TRUNCATULA; EXPRESSION; GENOMICS; MICROARRAYS; SYMBIOSIS; HALLERI AB The recently released Affymetrix GeneChip (R) Medicago Genome Array contains approximately 52 700 probe sets representing genes in both the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and the closely related crop species Medicago sativa L. ( alfalfa). We evaluated the utility of the Medicago GeneChip (R) for monitoring genome-wide expression of M. truncatula and alfalfa seedlings grown to the first trifoliate leaf stage. We found that approximately 40-54% of the Medicago probes were detected in leaf or root samples of alfalfa or M. truncatula. Approximately 45-59% of the detected Medicago probes were called 'present' in all replicate GeneChips of Medicago species, indicating a considerable overlap in the number and type of Medicago probes detected between root and leaf organs. Nevertheless, gene expression differences between roots and leaf organs accounted for approximately 17% of the total variation, regardless of the Medicago species from which the samples were harvested. The result shows that the Medicago GeneChip (R) is applicable for transcript analysis for both alfalfa and M. truncatula. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@umn.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.1071/FP06065 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 069JW UT WOS:000239443200010 ER PT J AU Graham, MA Ramirez, M Valdes-Lopez, O Lara, M Tesfaye, M Vance, CP Hernandez, G AF Graham, Michelle A. Ramirez, Mario Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo Lara, Miguel Tesfaye, Mesfin Vance, Carroll P. Hernandez, Georgina TI Identification of candidate phosphorus stress induced genes in Phaseolus vulgaris through clustering analysis across several plant species SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ESTs sequences; genomics; legumes; phosphate deficiency; stress ID PHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AVAILABILITY; ARABIDOPSIS; ACQUISITION; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN; LEGUMES; ROOTS AB Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world's most important grain legume for direct human consumption. However, the soils in which common bean predominate are frequently limited by the availability of phosphorus ( P). Improving bean yield and quality requires an understanding of the genes controlling P acquisition and use, ultimately utilising these genes for crop improvement. Here we report an in silico approach for the identification of genes involved in adaptation of P. vulgaris and other legumes to P-deficiency. Some 22 groups of genes from four legume species and Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding diverse functions, were identified as statistically over-represented in EST contigs from P-stressed tissues. By combining bioinformatics analysis with available micro/macroarray technologies and clustering results across five species, we identified 52 P. vulgaris candidate genes belonging to 19 categories as induced by P-stress response. Transport-related, stress (defence and regulation) signal transduction genes are abundantly represented. Manipulating these genes through traditional breeding methodologies and/or biotechnology approaches may allow us to improve crop P-nutrition. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Ap Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@ccg.unam.mx NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1071/FP06101 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 069JW UT WOS:000239443200011 ER PT J AU Schrader, SM Kane, HJ Sharkey, TD von Caemmerer, S AF Schrader, Stephen M. Kane, Heather J. Sharkey, Thomas D. von Caemmerer, Susanne TI High temperature enhances inhibitor production but reduces fallover in tobacco Rubisco SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fallover; heat stress; high temperature; Rubisco ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TIGHT-BINDING INHIBITOR; SITE-DIRECTED MUTANT; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; SLOW INACTIVATION; OXYGENASE ACTIVITY; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; LEAF TEMPERATURE; ACTIVASE CONTENT AB High temperature inhibits photosynthesis by several mechanisms including reduction in Rubisco activity. While the initial reaction velocity of purified, fully carbamylated, inhibitor-free Rubisco increases with temperature in vitro, over time, the reaction velocity slowly declines (fallover) because of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic production of inhibitors from the substrate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. We tested whether fallover could contribute to the decline in Rubisco activity observed in leaf extracts at high temperature. Production of D-xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate (XuBP), an inhibitor of Rubisco, was greater at 35 and 45 degrees C than at 25 degrees C but fallover was less severe at 35 and 45 degrees C than at 25 degrees C, both in rate and extent under saturating CO2 and ambient O-2. This apparent dichotomy is consistent with the catalytic site of Rubisco loosening at higher temperatures and releasing inhibitors more easily. The loosening of the catalytic site was supported by the observation that RuBP and XuBP were released from their complexes with uncarbamylated, Mg2+-free Rubisco faster at 35 and 45 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. We conclude that, although XuBP production increased relative to catalytic throughput at higher temperatures, this was more than compensated for by its faster release, resulting in less fallover inhibition at higher temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schrader, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Schrader@uiuc.edu RI von Caemmerer, Susanne/C-9317-2009; Sharkey, Thomas/B-4032-2009 OI Sharkey, Thomas/0000-0002-4423-3223 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2006 VL 33 IS 10 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1071/FP06059 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 089GA UT WOS:000240867200003 ER PT J AU Seong, K Li, L Hou, ZM Tracy, M Kistler, HC Xu, JR AF Seong, K Li, L Hou, ZM Tracy, M Kistler, HC Xu, JR TI Cryptic promoter activity in the coding region of the HMG-CoA rediactase gene in Fusarium graminearum SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gibberella zeae; HMG-CoA reductase; cryptic promoter ID NON-MEVALONATE PATHWAY; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE; HEAD-BLIGHT; REDUCED VIRULENCE; WHEAT SPIKES; MAP KINASE; TRICHOTHECENE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Head blight or scab disease caused by Fusarium graminearum poses a major threat to wheat and barley production in North America and other countries. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of F graminearum pathogenesis, we have generated a collection of random insertional mutants. In mutant 222, one of the transformants significantly reduced in virulence, the transforming vector was inserted at amino acid 269 of the hydroxymethyl-glutaryl CoA reductase gene (HMR1) that encodes a key enzyme in sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis. The N-terminal transmembrane domains of HMR1 were disrupted, but the C-terminal catalytic domain was intact in mutant 222. We failed to isolate mutants deleted of the HMR1 gene, suggesting that HMR1 is an essential gene. Mutants deleted of the N-terminal 254 amino acids of HMR1 were viable and phenotypically similar to mutant 222. In both mutant 222 and the hmrl(Delta 254) mutants, a 3-kb truncated HMR1 transcript was detectable by northern blot analyses. In the wild-type strain, only the 5-kb messenger was observed. The initiation site of truncated HMR1 transcripts was determined by 5'-RACE to be 507 bp upstream from the catalytic subunit. When a HMR1 fragment corresponding to the DNA sequence of HMR1(269-641) was translationally fused to a promoter-less GFP construct, green fluorescent signals were detectable in vegetative hyphae of the resulting transformants. These data indicate that this region of HMR1 ORF has cryptic promoter activity and can express the catalytic domain in hmr1 mutants deleted of its N-terminal portion. Our results also illustrate the importance of the HMR1 gene and the function of its transmembrane domains in F graminearum. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jinrong@purdue.edu NR 58 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.10.002 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 006OI UT WOS:000234906400004 PM 16377218 ER PT J AU Guan, XF Karpen, HE Stephens, J Bukowski, JT Niu, SY Zhang, GC Stoll, B Finegold, MJ Holst, JJ Hadsell, DL Nichols, BL Burrin, DG AF Guan, XF Karpen, HE Stephens, J Bukowski, JT Niu, SY Zhang, GC Stoll, B Finegold, MJ Holst, JJ Hadsell, DL Nichols, BL Burrin, DG TI GLP-2 receptor localizes to enteric neurons and endocrine cells expressing vasoactive peptides and mediates increased blood flow SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-2; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; INTESTINAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; INTERSTITIAL-CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MYENTERIC NEURONS; FED PIGLETS AB Background & Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-responsive hormone that exerts diverse actions in the gastrointestinal tract, including enhancing epithelial cell survival and proliferation, mucosal blood flow, and nutrient uptake and suppressing gastric motility and secretion. These actions are mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor, GLP-2R. Cellular localization of the GLP-2R and the nature of its signaling network in the gut, however, are poorly defined. Thus, our aim was to establish cellular localization of GLP-2R and functional connection to vascular action of GLP-2 in the gut. Methods: Intestinal cellular GLP-2R localization was determined with real-time, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of laser capture microdissected subtissue and fluorescence in situ hybridization and also with double and/or triple immunostaining of human and pig tissue using a validated GLP-2R polyclonal antibody. Superior mesenteric arterial blood flow and intestinal eNOS expression and phosphorylation were measured in TPN-fed pigs acutely (4 h) infused with GLP-2. Results: We show that the porcine GLP-2R mRNA was expressed in the villus epithelium and myenteric plexus. GLP-2R protein was co-localized by confocal immunohistochemistry with serotonin in enteroendocrine cells and also with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-expressing and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive enteric neurons. In neonatal pigs, GLP-2 infusion dose-dependently stimulated intestinal blood flow and coordinately upregulated the expression of intestinal eNOS mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation (eNOS-Ser(1117)). Conclusions: We conclude that the GLP-2-induced stimulation of blood flow is mediated by vasoactive neurotransmitters that are colocalized with GLP-2R in 2 functionally distinct cell types within the gastrointestinal tract. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Cain Fdn Labs, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu OI Holst, Jens Juul/0000-0001-6853-3805 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R03 DK084125, P30 DK56338, K01 DK075489] NR 46 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JAN PY 2006 VL 130 IS 1 BP 150 EP 164 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.005 PG 15 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 001HW UT WOS:000234525200021 PM 16401478 ER PT J AU Simons, KJ Fellers, JP Trick, HN Zhang, ZC Tai, YS Gill, BS Faris, JD AF Simons, KJ Fellers, JP Trick, HN Zhang, ZC Tai, YS Gill, BS Faris, JD TI Molecular characterization of the major wheat domestication gene Q SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOME 5A; DURUM-WHEAT; Q LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; APETALA2; RESISTANCE AB The Q gene is largely responsible for the widespread cultivation of wheat because it confers the free-threshing character. It also pleiotropically influences many other domestication-related traits Such as glume shape and tenacity, rachis fragility, spike length, plant height, and spike emergence time. We isolated the Q gene and verified its identity by analysis of knockout mutants and transformation. The Q gene has a high degree of similarity to members of the AP2 family of transcription factors. The Q allele is more abundantly transcribed than q, and the two alleles differ for a single amino acid. Art isoleucine at position 329 in the Q protein leads to an abundance of homodimer formation in yeast cells, whereas a valine in the q protein appears to limit homodimer formation. Ectopic expression analysis allowed us to observe both silencing and overexpression effects of Q Rachis fragility, glume shape, and glume tenacity mimicked the q phenotype in transgenic plants exhibiting post-transcriptional silencing of the transgene and the endogenous Q gene. Variation in spike compactness and plant height were associated with the level of transgene transcription due to the dosage effects of Q The q allele is the more primitive, and the mutation that gave rise to Q occurred only once leading to the world's cultivated wheats. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, ARS,USDA,Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM farisj@fargo.ars.usda.gov OI Trick, Harold/0000-0001-5255-5575 NR 42 TC 195 Z9 208 U1 6 U2 53 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 172 IS 1 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.044727 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 010MB UT WOS:000235197700048 PM 16172507 ER PT J AU Morton, BR Bi, IV McMullen, MD Gaut, BS AF Morton, BR Bi, IV McMullen, MD Gaut, BS TI Variation in mutation dynamics across the maize genome as a function of regional and flanking base composition SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; CODON USAGE BIAS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; NONCODING REGIONS; CHLOROPLAST DNA; BRASSICA-RAPA; HUMAN GENES; SUBSTITUTION; RATES; ISOCHORES AB We examine variation in mutation dynamics across a single genome (Zea mays ssp. mays) in relation to regional and flanking base composition rising a data set of 10,472 SNPs generated by resequencing 1776 transcribed regions. We report several relationships between flanking base composition and mutation pattern. The A + Tcontent of the two sites immediately flanking the mutation site is correlated with rate, transition bias, and GC --> AT pressure. We also observe a significant CpG effect, or increase in transition rate at CpG sites. At the regional level we find that the strength of the CpG effect is correlated with regional A + T content, ranging from a 1.7-fold increase in transition rate in relatively G + C-rich regions to a 2.6-fold increase in A + T-rich regions. We also observe a relationship between locus A + T con tent and GC --> AT pressure. This regional effect is in opposition to the influence of the two immediate neighbors in that GC --> AT pressure increases with increasing locus A + Tcontent but decreases with increasing flanking base A + T content and may represent a relationship between genome location and mutation bias. The data indicate Multiple context effects on mutations, resulting in significant variation in mutation dynamics across the genome. C1 Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Morton, BR (reprint author), Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM bmorton@barnard.edu NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2006 VL 172 IS 1 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.049916 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 010MB UT WOS:000235197700050 PM 16219784 ER PT J AU Brinig, MM Register, KB Ackermann, MR Relman, DA AF Brinig, Mary M. Register, Karen B. Ackermann, Mark R. Relman, David A. TI Genomic features of Bordetella parapertussis clades with distinct host species specificity SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CELL-LINES; PERTUSSIS; BRONCHISEPTICA; PNEUMONIA; OVINE; ADAPTATION; INFECTION; LAMBS AB Background: The respiratory pathogen Bordetella parapertussis is a valuable model in which to study the complex phenotype of host specificity because of its unique two-species host range. One subset of strains, including the sequenced representative, causes whooping cough in humans, while other strains infect only sheep. The disease process in sheep is not well understood, nor are the genetic and transcriptional differences that might provide the basis for host specificity among ovine and human strains. Results: We found 40 previously unknown genomic regions in an ovine strain of B. parapertussis using subtractive hybridization, including unique lipopolysaccharide genes. A microarray survey of the gene contents of 71 human and ovine strains revealed further differences, with 47 regions of difference distinguishing the host-restricted subgroups. In addition, sheep and human strains displayed distinct whole-genome transcript abundance profiles. We developed an animal model in which sheep were inoculated with a sheep strain, human strain, or mixture of the two. We found that the ovine strain persisted in the nasal cavity for 12 to 14 days, while the human strain colonized at lower levels and was no longer detected by 7 days post-inoculation. The ovine strain induced less granulocyte infiltration of the nasal mucosa. Conclusion: Several factors may play a role in determining host range of B. parapertussis. Human- and ovine-associated strains have differences in content and sequence of genes encoding proteins that mediate host-pathogen contact, such as lipopolysaccharide and fimbriae, as well as variation in regulation of toxins, type III secretion genes, and other virulence-associated genes. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Div Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brinig, MM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mbrinig@stanford.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 9 AR 81 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-9-r81 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 111XY UT WOS:000242490400007 ER PT J AU Sabater-Munoz, B Legeai, F Rispe, C Bonhomme, J Dearden, P Dossat, C Duclert, A Gauthier, JP Ducray, DG Hunter, W Dang, P Kambhampati, S Martinez-Torres, D Cortes, T Moya, A Nakabachi, A Philippe, C Prunier-Leterme, N Rahbe, Y Simon, JC Stern, DL Wincker, P Tagu, D AF Sabater-Munoz, B Legeai, F Rispe, C Bonhomme, J Dearden, P Dossat, C Duclert, A Gauthier, JP Ducray, DG Hunter, W Dang, P Kambhampati, S Martinez-Torres, D Cortes, T Moya, A Nakabachi, A Philippe, C Prunier-Leterme, N Rahbe, Y Simon, JC Stern, DL Wincker, P Tagu, D TI Large-scale gene discovery in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera) SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA TAKEOUT GENE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; MYZUS-PERSICAE; CODON USAGE; BUCHNERA; BEHAVIOR; GENERATION; PHYSIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; ONTOLOGY AB Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues ( relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect. C1 INRA Rennes, UMR INRA, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. INRA, URGI Genoplante Info, Infobiogen, F-91000 Evry, France. Univ Otago, Dept Biochem, Dunedin, New Zealand. GENOSCOPE, F-91000 Evry, France. Ctr Natl Sequencage, CNRS, UMR 8030, F-91000 Evry, France. ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Valencia, ICBIBE, Valencia 46071, Spain. RIKEN, Environm Mol Biol Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Inst Natl Sci Appl, UMR INRA INSA BF2I, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tagu, D (reprint author), INRA Rennes, UMR INRA, Agrocampus BiO3P,BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. EM denis.tagu@rennes.inra.fr RI Moya, Andres/A-8190-2008; Dearden, Peter/B-7607-2008; Nakabachi, Atsushi/H-1661-2011; Rahbe, Yvan/B-9389-2009; Cortes, Teresa/D-1690-2014; Sabater-Munoz, Beatriz/K-5989-2014; Simon, Jean-Christophe/I-2700-2014; Martinez-Torres, David/L-5886-2014; OI Moya, Andres/0000-0002-2867-1119; Dearden, Peter/0000-0001-7790-9675; Rahbe, Yvan/0000-0002-0074-4443; Cortes, Teresa/0000-0002-5746-3300; Sabater-Munoz, Beatriz/0000-0002-0301-215X; Martinez-Torres, David/0000-0002-1689-5529; Tagu, Denis/0000-0002-6320-8648 NR 38 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 AR R21 DI 10.1186/gb-2006-7-3-r21 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 039IH UT WOS:000237298700011 PM 16542494 ER PT B AU Krist, FJ AF Krist, FJ BE Mehrer, MW Westcott, KL TI Multicriteria/multiobjective predictive modeling: A tool for simulating hunter-gatherer decision making and behavior SO GIS and Archaeological Site Location Modeling LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS and Archaeological Predictive Modeling Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP No Illinois Univ HO Argonne Natl Lab ID ARCHEOLOGY; SYSTEMS C1 US Forest Serv, FHTET, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-415-31548-4 PY 2006 BP 335 EP 353 PG 19 WC Archaeology; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Archaeology; Computer Science GA BEA33 UT WOS:000236429600016 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RJ Arico, S Aronson, J Baron, JS Bridgewater, P Cramer, VA Epstein, PR Ewel, JJ Klink, CA Lugo, AE Norton, D Ojima, D Richardson, DM Sanderson, EW Valladares, F Vila, M Zamora, R Zobel, M AF Hobbs, RJ Arico, S Aronson, J Baron, JS Bridgewater, P Cramer, VA Epstein, PR Ewel, JJ Klink, CA Lugo, AE Norton, D Ojima, D Richardson, DM Sanderson, EW Valladares, F Vila, M Zamora, R Zobel, M TI Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; degradation; ecosystem transformation; land abandonment; novel ecosystem ID PUERTO-RICO; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS; EARTHS ECOSYSTEMS; COLORADO RIVER; SEA OTTERS; PLANT; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB We explore the issues relevant to those types of ecosystems containing new combinations of species that arise through human action, environmental change, and the impacts of the deliberate and inadvertent introduction of species from other regions. Novel ecosystems (also termed 'emerging ecosystems') result when species occur in combinations and relative abundances that have not occurred previously within a given biome. Key characteristics are novelty, in the form of new species combinations and the potential for changes in ecosystem functioning, and human agency, in that these ecosystems are the result of deliberate or inadvertent human action. As more of the Earth becomes transformed by human actions, novel ecosystems increase in importance, but are relatively little studied. Either the degradation or invasion of native or 'wild' ecosystems or the abandonment of intensively managed systems can result in the formation of these novel systems. Important considerations are whether these new systems are persistent and what values they may have. It is likely that it may be very difficult or costly to return such systems to their previous state, and hence consideration needs to be given to developing appropriate management goals and approaches. C1 Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. UNESCO, Div Ecol Sci & Man, F-75732 Paris 15, France. UNESCO, Biosphere Programme, F-75732 Paris 15, France. CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resoures Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ramsar Convent Wetlands, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth & Global Environm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Brazilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Asa Norte Brazilia, DF, Brazil. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Univ Canterbury, Sch Forestry, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Granada, Dept Biol Anim & Ecol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Tartu, Inst Bot & Ecol, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia. RP Hobbs, RJ (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; Norton, David/D-6978-2011; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Valladares, Fernando/K-9406-2014; Zobel, Martin/H-1336-2015; Vila, Montserrat/D-9339-2013; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Valladares, Fernando/0000-0002-5374-4682; Vila, Montserrat/0000-0003-3171-8261; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; NR 51 TC 689 Z9 720 U1 66 U2 631 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822x.2006.00212.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 999TB UT WOS:000234412300001 ER PT J AU Christen, E Ayars, J Hornbuckle, J Biswas, T AF Christen, Evan Ayars, Jim Hornbuckle, John Biswas, Tapas BE Stevens, D TI Design and management of reclaimed water irrigation systems SO GROWING CROPS WITH RECLAIMED WASTEWATER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFILTRATION C1 [Christen, Evan; Hornbuckle, John; Biswas, Tapas] CSIRO Land & Water, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. [Ayars, Jim] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Christen, E (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. RI Hornbuckle, John/D-5981-2011; Christen, Evan/B-5117-2012 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-643-09352-2 PY 2006 BP 107 EP 123 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BVL09 UT WOS:000291785500013 ER PT J AU Schoofs, L Nachman, RJ AF Schoofs, Liliane Nachman, Ronald J. BE Kastin, AJ TI Sulfakinins SO HANDBOOK OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SULFATED INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; AMERICAN COCKROACH; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORPUS CARDIACUM; FOOD-INTAKE; GASTRIN; CHOLECYSTOKININ; IDENTIFICATION AB Sulfakinins constitute a family of arthropod neuropeptides that typically contain the C-terminal hexapeptide Y(SO3H) GHMRFamide, the active core sequence. They display structural and functional similarities to the vertebrate gastrin-cholecystokinin family of peptides. Sulfakinins are synthesized by a limited number of neurosecretory cells and exhibit several effects, including myotropic activities, inhibition of food intake, and stimulation of digestive enzyme release. The sulfate group is a requirement for biological activity. The gastrin/CCK and sulfakinin signaling system is a good example of the coevolution of neuropeptides and their receptors. C1 [Schoofs, Liliane] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Prote, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Nachman, Ronald J.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Schoofs, L (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Dev Physiol Genom & Prote, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046379-7 PY 2006 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/B978-012369442-3/50031-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCR53 UT WOS:000311102400030 ER PT J AU Predel, R Nachman, RJ AF Predel, Reinhard Nachman, Ronald J. BE Kastin, AJ TI The FXPRLamide (Pyrokinin/PBAN) Peptide Family SO HANDBOOK OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; BOMBYX-MORI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NEUROSECRETORY-CELLS; AMERICAN COCKROACH; DIAPAUSE HORMONE AB FXPRLamides are pleiotropic neuropeptides that are mainly associated with the neuroendocrine system. FXPRLamides mediate such diverse functions as pheromone biosynthesis, hindgut/oviduct contraction, melanization, pupariation, and diapause in insects. At least two genes encoding for FXPRLamides are known in insects. A single pyrokinin is always encoded on the capa-gene. Homologs are found in many insects and are typical of neurohemal release sites from the abdominal ventral nerve cord. Other FXPRLamides are synthesized in neurosecretory cells of the subesophageal ganglion and transported into the retrocerebral complex. Products of the PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide) gene are particularly well studied. The vertebrate neuromedin U not only shares C-terminal sequence similarity with insect FXPRLamides but its receptor exhibits a high degree of similarity with invertebrate FXPRLamide receptors. C1 [Predel, Reinhard] Univ Jena, Inst Allegemeine Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Nachman, Ronald J.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Allegemeine Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046379-7 PY 2006 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/B978-012369442-3/50035-0 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCR53 UT WOS:000311102400034 ER PT B AU Masler, EP AF Masler, E. P. BE Kastin, AJ TI Free-Living Nematode Peptides SO HANDBOOK OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE GENE FAMILY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; INSULIN-RECEPTOR; ASCARIS-SUUM; ASABF; DAF-2; ACTIVATION; VARIANTS AB Nematodes depend on peptide messengers to regulate diverse behavioral, developmental, and metabolic events. In free-living nematodes, sequencing of the first complete animal genome facilitated detection of biologically active peptides, including neuropeptides. This has complemented previous and ongoing efforts in biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology, revealing that nematodes possess some peptide families that are exceedingly complex. Complexity can result from large numbers of genes encoding related amino acid sequences, as in the case of the FMRFamide-like peptides or from intricate variations of molecular architectures, as seen among members of the insulin-like peptides family. These and two other peptide families are described, along with their established and proposed functions. C1 USDA, Nematol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA, Nematol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046379-7 PY 2006 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/B978-012369442-3/50041-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCR53 UT WOS:000311102400040 ER PT S AU Ang, CYW Jhoo, JW Cui, Y Hu, L Heinze, TM Lang, Q Wai, CM Mihalov, JJ DiNovi, M Mattia, A AF Ang, CYW Jhoo, JW Cui, Y Hu, L Heinze, TM Lang, Q Wai, CM Mihalov, JJ DiNovi, M Mattia, A BE Wang, M Sang, S Hwang, LS Ho, CT TI Challenges in assessing bioactive botanical ingredients in functional beverages SO HERBS: CHALLENGES IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM L.; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; GINKGO-BILOBA; PIPER-METHYSTICUM; KAVA LACTONES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTS AB Bioactive botanicals are used as functional ingredients in conventional foods to be marketed as functional foods. Among these functional foods, teas and non-alcoholic, non-carbonated bottled beverages are especially popular. The analytical assessment of these ingredients in functional foods and beverages presents a new challenge because of low levels of analytes and the matrix complexity. This article summarizes recent development of analytical methods for the determination of bioactive constituents from St. John's wort (SJW; Hypericum perforatum L.), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) and kava (Piper methysticum, Forst.) in functional beverages. The constituents selected as marker compounds were hyperforin, adhyperforin, hypericin and pseudohypericin for SJW, five terpene trilactones (ginkgolides A, B, C and J, and bilobalide) for ginkgo products, and six kavalactones (methysticin, dihydromethysticin, kavain, dihydrokavain, yangonin and desmethoxyyangonin) for kava products. The methods developed include improved sample preparation, liquid chromatography with ultra violet/photodiode array detection (LC/UV/PDA), LC with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and LC with mass spectrometry (MS). The stability of SJW constituents in non-alcoholic, non-carbonated, fruit-flavored beverages was also discussed. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Ang, CYW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3930-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 925 BP 55 EP 72 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA BEC74 UT WOS:000236816500005 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME AF Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME TI Isolation of three dormancy QTLs as Mendelian factors in rice SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE seed dormancy; afterripening; Mendelian factor; genetic model; genic effects; quantitative trait locus ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING SEED DORMANCY; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; NATURAL ALLELIC VARIATION; GRAIN DORMANCY; INBRED LINES; WEEDY RICE; BARLEY; WHEAT; INHERITANCE AB Seed dormancy is a key adaptive trait under polygenic control in many plants. We introduced the chromosomal regions containing the dormancy QTLs qSD1, qSD7-1, and qSD12 from an accession of weedy rice into a nondormant genetic background to examine component genetic effects and their interactions with time of afterripening (DAR). A BC4F2 plant, which was heterozygous for the three loci, was selected to develop the BC4F3 population. Single point analysis detected only qSD7-1 and qSD12 (R-2 = 38-72%) at 10, 30, and 50 DAR in the population. However, multiple linear regression analysis detected genetic effects of the three QTLs and their trigenic epistasis, an environmental effect of DAR ( E), and interactions of E with qSD12 and with the qSD1 x qSD7-1 and qSD7-1 x qSD12 epistases. The linear model demonstrates that QTL main effects varied with DAR, and that some epistasis or epistasis-by-DAR interactions partially counteract the main effects. The three QTLs were isolated as single Mendelian factors from the BC4F3 population and estimated for component genic effects based on the BC4F4 populations. Isolation improved estimation of the qSD1 effect and confirmed the major effect of qSD12. The qSD1 and qSD12 loci displayed a gene-additive effect. The qSD7-1, which was further narrowed to a chromosomal region encompassing the red pericarp color gene Rc, displayed gene additive and dominant effects. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM foleym@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JAN PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800757 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 994TF UT WOS:000234053400014 PM 16189540 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Fitzgerald, LA Baum, KA Conner, RN AF Saenz, Daniel Fitzgerald, Lee A. Baum, Kristen A. Conner, Richard N. TI Abiotic correlates of anuran calling phenology: The importance of rain, temperature, and season SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE anurans; breeding phenology; calling; climate; frogs; toads ID BREEDING ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FOREST ANURANS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATTERNS; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; FROGS; ENERGY; TOAD AB We surveyed anuran calls nightly at eight ponds in eastern Texas from 1 January 2001 through 31 December 2002. Air temperatures and daily rainfall also were recorded for each of the sites. Eastern Texas contains a diverse temperate anuran fauna and a climate that provides a range of conditions for anuran reproduction. During our study, we measured air temperatures that fluctuated seasonally with extremes from 0 to 29 C at 2100 h. We found rainfall to be generally abundant with occasional flooding events, however, prolonged periods of no precipitation were also observed. Given the level of anuran diversity and the amount of seasonal variation in temperature and rainfall in our temperate climate we expected to find a variety of breeding strategies. Results from our analyses did indeed suggest five basic breeding strategies based on anuran calling: (1) breeding within a predictable season (summer) independent of local weather patterns (2) breeding opportunistically within a predictable season (summer) dependent on local rainfall; (3) breeding opportunistically within a predictable season (winter) dependent on local temperature; (4) breeding opportunistically dependent on local flood level rainfall events; (5) breeding opportunistically year round dependent on local temperature in the winter and local rainfall in the summer. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Siviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Texas Cooperat Wildlife Collect, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Siviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM dsaenz@fs.fed.us RI Fitzgerald, Lee/I-5193-2013 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 25 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2006 VL 20 BP 64 EP 82 DI 10.1655/0733-1347(2007)20[64:ACOACP]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 123XZ UT WOS:000243331700002 ER PT J AU Hastrup, ACS Jensen, B Clausen, C Green, F AF Hastrup, ACS Jensen, B Clausen, C Green, F TI The effect of CaCl2 on growth rate, wood decay and oxalic acid accumulation in Serpula lacrymans and related brown-rot fungi SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE brown-rot fungi; calcium; CaCl2; copper citrate (CC); copper-based preservative; HPLC; oxalic acid; Serpula lacrymans; soil bottle test; wood decay ID COPPER-BASED PRESERVATIVES; TOLERANCE; OXALATE; MECHANISM; PALUSTRIS; FR AB The dry rot fungus, Serpula lacrymans, is one of the most destructive copper-tolerant fungi causing timber decay in buildings in temperate regions. Calcium and oxalic acid have been shown to play important roles in the mechanism of wood decay. The effect of calcium on growth and decay was evaluated for 12 strains of S. lacrymans and compared to five brown-rot fungi. This was done by treating copper citrate (CC)-treated Southern yellow pine (SYP) wood with a CaCl2 solution and estimating the decay rate and amount of soluble oxalic acid in an ASTM soil block test. Decay by S. lacrymans was found to be significantly inhibited by treatment with CaCl2 in the presence of copper. In addition, calcium showed no effect on two strains of S. lacrymans and one Serpula himantioides strain in non-copper-treated SYP wood blocks. The growth rate of S. lacrymans was not affected on malt extract agar containing CaCl2. In summary, a marked decrease was observed in the decay capacity of S. lacrymans in pine treated with CC+CaCl2. The amount of soluble oxalic acid was measured in CC-treated blocks and blocks also treated with CaCl2. Of the comparative brown-rot fungi, both Antrodia vaillantii (TFFH 294) and Postia placenta (Mad 698) displayed notable wood decay despite CaCl2 treatment, while the remaining strains were inhibited. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, Dept Microbiol, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hastrup, ACS (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, Dept Microbiol, Solvgade 83H, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM annech@bi.ku.dk NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2006 VL 60 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1515/HF.2006.054 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 051BG UT WOS:000238134700018 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Elfving, DC Drake, MA Eisele, TA Drake, SL Visser, DB AF Drake, SR Elfving, DC Drake, MA Eisele, TA Drake, SL Visser, DB TI Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, ethephon, and 1-methylcyclopropene on apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus x domestica; 'Scarletspur Delicious'; 'Gale Gala'; bioregulator; growth regulator; ReTain; Ethrel; SmartFresh; regular storage; air storage; controlled-atmosphere storage ID ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; COLOR DEVELOPMENT; SENSORY QUALITY; DELICIOUS APPLE; GALA APPLES; GROWTH; INCREASE; TREES; JUICE; 1-MCP AB This study was conducted over two crop seasons using 'Scarletspur Delicious' and 'Gale Gala' apple trees (Malus x domestica). The bioregulators aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), ethephon (ETH), and 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP) were applied at various times before or after harvest. Fruit response was evaluated at harvest and after regular atmosphere (RA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage [2.0% oxygen (0 2) and < 2.0% carbon dioxide (CO2) at 0 degrees C] and quality of whole and juice apple products evaluated. AVG reduced starch loss and ethylene production, enhanced firmness, and reduced cracking in 'Gale Gala,' but reduced sensory acceptance of apples and apple juice. ETH intensified starch loss, ethylene production, and reduced firmness, but did not affect 'Gale Gala' fruit cracking. AVG followed by ETH reduced starch loss, ethylene production, and cracking and maintained firmness. This combination also aided in sensory acceptance of apples but reduced sensory preference of apple juice. Exposure to postharvest MCP improved flesh firmness retention and reduced ethylene production after both RA and CA storage. MCP either favored or reduced sensory acceptance of whole apples, depending on the particular season, but reduced sensory preference of apple juice. Sensory scores for 'Scarletspur Delicious' apples were more strongly modified by bioregulators than were 'Gale Gala' apples. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tree Top Inc, Selah, WA 98942 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 998QW UT WOS:000234335100003 ER PT J AU Szendrei, Z Isaacs, R AF Szendrei, Z Isaacs, R TI Survey of Japanese beetle management practices in Michigan highbush blueberry production SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Popillia japonica; Vaccinium corymbosum; cultivation; pest; economic impact; grower survey ID SCARABAEIDAE AB Michigan higbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) growers were surveyed during Winter 2003 to gather information on the extent of the pest status of japanese beetle (Popillia japonica, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) within this crop, and their responses to this pest management challenge. The survey was mailed to 215 highbush blueberry farms in southwestern, central, and southeastern Michigan. Ninety-nine surveys were completed and returned. Our results revealed that this pest was of concern to the majority of growers who returned the survey (84%), causing average additional costs of $72/acre. Increased insecticide use was the major cause of the economic loss due to this pest, and the main methods for controlling japanese beetle were insecticides and clean cultivation. More farms had permanent sod coverage than clean cultivation in individual fields. The acreage of clean-cultivated farms was higher because larger farms tend to have clean cultivation. Japanese beetle has driven changes in row-middle management, indicated by growers who have switched to clean cultivation recently. Fifty percent of growers considered the changes they implemented to control japanese beetle to be effective, and most growers were not planning any further changes to their pest management programs to address this pest. Many growers were willing to try new cover crops if they are shown to be effective against japanese beetle. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Szendrei, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 107, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 998QW UT WOS:000234335100015 ER PT J AU Sydorovych, O Safley, CD Ferguson, LM Poling, EB Fernandez, GE Brannen, PA Monks, DM Louws, FJ AF Sydorovych, O Safley, CD Ferguson, LM Poling, EB Fernandez, GE Brannen, PA Monks, DM Louws, FJ TI Economic evaluation of methyl bromide alternatives for the production of strawberries in the southeastern United States SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cost of production; partial budget analysis; fumigation; Fragaria xananassa ID CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES; PREPLANT; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT AB Partial budget analysis was used to evaluate soil treatment alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) based on their cost-effectiveness in the production of strawberries (Fragaria xananassa). The analysis was conducted for two geographical areas: the Piedmont and coastal plain area (including North Carolina and Georgia) and the mountain area of western North Carolina, based on 7 years of field test data. The fumigation alternatives evaluated were Telone-C35 (1,3dichloropropene 61.1% + chloropicrin 34.7%), Telone II (1,3-dichloropropene 94%), chloropicrin (Chlor-o-pic 99% and TriClor EC), InLine (1,3-dichloropropene 60.8% + chloropicrin 33.3%), and metam sodium (Vapam or Sectagon 42, 42% sodium methyldithiocarbamate). The MeBr formulation was 67% MeBr and 33% chloropicrin (Terr-O-Gas) with the exception of the earlier trials where a 98:2 ratio was used. In the piedmont and coastal plain area, the soil treated with chloropicrin showed the best results with an additional return of $1670/acre relative to MeBr, followed by Telone-C35 with an additional return of $277/ acre. The projected return associated with shank-applied metam sodium was approximately equal to the estimated return a grower would receive when applying MeBr. Fumigating with drip-applied metam sodium, InLine, and Telone II as well as the nonfumigated soil treatment resulted in projected losses of $2182, $2233, $4179, and $6450 per acre, respectively, relative to MeBr. In the mountain area, all of the alternatives resulted in a projected increase in net returns relative to MeBr. The largest projected increase was $1320/acre for the InLine treatment, while the added returns for the TriClor and Telone-C35 applications were estimated to be $509 and $339 per acre, respectively. The drip-applied metam sodium application resulted in an additional return of $40/acre, and the added revenue for the nonfumigated soil treatment was $24/acre more than MeBr treatment. Although technical issues currently associated with some of the alternatives may persist, results indicate that there are economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr in the production of strawberries in the southeastern U.S. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol,Plant Epidemiol & Ri, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Safley, CD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Charles_Safely@ncsu.edu; Frank_Louws@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 998QW UT WOS:000234335100021 ER PT J AU Lewis, SA Wu, JQ Robichaud, PR AF Lewis, SA Wu, JQ Robichaud, PR TI Assessing burn severity and comparing soil water repellency, Hayman Fire, Colorado SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE forest fire; water repellent soils; erosion; burn severity; water drop penetration time (WDPT); mini-disk infiltrometer (MDI) ID FRONT RANGE/; HYDROPHOBICITY; EROSION; PERSISTENCE; SUBSTANCES; FORESTS; PINE AB An important element of evaluating a large wildfire is to assess its effects on the soil in order to predict the potential watershed response. After the 55 000 ha Hayman Fire on the Colorado Front Range, 24 soil and vegetation variables were measured to determine the key variables that could be used for a rapid field assessment of burn severity. The percentage of exposed mineral soil and litter cover proved to be the best predictors of burn severity in this environment. Two burn severity classifications, one from a statistical classification tree and the other a Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) burn severity map, were compared with measured 'ground truth' burn severity at 183 plots and were 56% and 69% accurate, respectively. This study also compared water repellency measurements made with the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test and a mini-disk infiltrometer (MDI) test. At the soil surface, the moderate and highly burned sites had the strongest water repellency, yet were not significantly different from each other. Areas burned at moderate severity had 1.5 times more plots that were strongly water repellent at the surface than the areas burned at high severity. However, the high severity plots most likely had a deeper water repellent layer that was not detected with our surface tests. The WDPT and MDI values had an overall correlation of r = -0.64 (p < 0.0001) and appeared to be compatible methods for assessing soil water repellency in the field. Both tests represent point measurements of a soil characteristic that has large spatial variability; hence, results from both tests reflect that variability, accounting for much of the remaining variance. The MDI is easier to use, takes about I min to assess a strongly water repellent soil and provides two indicators of water repellency: the time to start of infiltration and a relative infiltration rate. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lewis, SA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM sarahlewis@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1002/hyp.5880 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 009MY UT WOS:000235117400001 ER PT J AU Canfield, HE Goodrich, DC AF Canfield, HE Goodrich, DC TI The impact of parameter lumping and geometric simplification in modelling runoff and erosion in the shrublands of southeast Arizona SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrologic modelling; erosion; scale; geographic information systems; semiarid ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; PREDICTING LAND-USE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT MODELS; SCALE; UNCERTAINTY; HYDROLOGY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; WATERSHEDS AB There have been many studies of hydrologic processes and scale. However, some researchers have found that predictions from hydrologic models may not be improved by attempting to incorporate the understanding of these processes into hydrologic models. This paper quantifies the effect of simplifying watershed geometry and averaging the parameter values on simulations generated using the KINEROS2 model. Furthermore, it examines how these changes in model input effect model output. The model was applied on a small semiarid rangeland watershed in which runoff is generated by the infiltration excess mechanism. The study concludes that averaging input parameter values has little effect on runoff volume and peak in simulating runoff. However, geometric simplification does have an effect on runoff peak and volume, but it is not statistically significant. In contrast, both averaging input parameter values and geometric simplification have an effect on model-predicted sediment yield. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pima Cty Flood Control, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Canfield, HE (reprint author), Pima Cty Flood Control, 201 N Stone Ave,4th Floor, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. EM evan.canfield@dot.pima.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1002/hyp.5896 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 009MY UT WOS:000235117400002 ER PT B AU Allen, P AF Allen, P. GP Medimond TI Anticoccidial activity of xanthohumol SO ICOPA XI: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Parasitology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA XI) CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP British Soc Parasitol, World Federat Parasitologists ID HOPS HUMULUS-LUPULUS; METABOLITES; L. AB Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone from the hops flower, was tested in vitro and in vivo for anticoccidial activity against Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima. Invasion of MDBK cells by E. tenella sporozoites was inhibited 66% by treatment of sporozoites with 22 ppm XN. Chickens infected with XN-treated (20 ppm) E. tenella and E. acervulina sporozoites had lowered gross lesion scores compared to chickens infected with untreated sporozoites. As seen microscopically, XN treatments caused physical disruption of sporozoite apical ends. Feed supplementation with 20 ppm XN did not control challenge infections with E. acervulina, E. maxima or E. tenella as judged by measurements of weight gain, feed conversion and gross lesions. However, oocyst shedding by E. acervulina and E. maxima-infected chickens was reduced, suggesting XN can inhibit reproduction of Eimeria under natural infection conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-7587-272-4 PY 2006 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA BFP03 UT WOS:000243529300033 ER PT S AU Bokma, BH AF Bokma, Bob H. BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Role of import and export regulatory animal health officials in international control and surveillance for animal diseases SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank DE regulatory veterinary medicine; tropical veterinery medicine; import decisions; export certification; animals; animal genetics; animal products ID EMERGING DISEASES; IMPACT; TRADE AB The challenges to those who regulate the import and export of animals and animal products are escalating, due to the evolving nature of animal and human disease agents. The diseases and agents of interest may include low pathogenic avian influenza, bluetongue, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and foot-and-mouth disease. Fear of an incursion of an unknown or incompletely understood threat can significantly limit risk tolerance. The fear may be that an incursion will affect export trade or tourism. An incomplete knowledge of the animal health situation in the exporting country, due to insufficient surveillance for the disease agent of concern, may limit the application of science in import decisions. In addition, the disease agent may be inappropriately considered exotic if it has not been described. As a result, excessive safeguards for disease agents that do not present any new threat may be employed. To confront these challenges, we are striving toward transparency in international reporting. Moreover, regulatory import decisions exceeding the recommendations of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code of the World Organization for Animal Health must be fair and science-based. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Bokma, BH (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Bob.H.Bokma@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.009 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200008 PM 17135497 ER PT S AU Lynn, T Marano, N Treadwell, T Bokmac, B AF Lynn, Tracey Marano, Nina Treadwell, Tracee Bokmac, Bob BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Linking human and animal health surveillance for emerging diseases in the United States - Achievements and challenges SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank C1 USDA, APHIS Res Lab, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MA 20737 USA. RP Lynn, T (reprint author), USDA, APHIS Res Lab, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Nat Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,MS 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Tracey.VLynn@aphis.usda.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.011 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200010 PM 17135499 ER PT S AU Bokma, BH Hall, C Siegfried, LM Weaver, JT AF Bokma, Bob H. Hall, Cheryl Siegfried, Lynne M. Weaver, J. Todd BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Surveillance for avian influenza in the United States SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank DE avian influenza; AGID test; surveillance; live-bird market; biosecurity; HI; NPIP AB In the United States, some 1.7 million agar gel immuno diffusion (AGID) tests for avian influenza (AI) are conducted yearly by various poultry groups, governmental sectors, and private industry. In addition to the AGID test, additional testing includes virus isolations, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. HI and neuraminidase inhibition tests are conducted on positive AGID samples to determine the subtype. Directigen, a type of antigen capture test, is used in the field in some cases. If monitoring and surveillance activities give rise to a suspicious test result, the accredited veterinarian and official State laboratory are required to report these to the governmental authorities. A thorough investigation in collaboration with the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (a World Organization for Animal Health-AI reference laboratory), State and Federal veterinarians, and others is conducted. Testing conducted as part of the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) effectively monitors the status of breeder and multiplier flocks. A new commercial poultry program is being added and will expand NPIP AI testing to all commercial flocks. Private poultry companies conduct additional tests; and in the poultry-producing States, there are active state-wide programs to monitor poultry health. All components of the live-bird market system (source flocks, haulers, dealers, and markets) are tested under the Low Pathogenicity AI Live-Bird Market Program. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hall, C (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Ctr Import & Export, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Cheryl.I.Hall@aphis.usda.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.018 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200017 PM 17135506 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, David E. BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Principles for vaccine protection in chickens and domestic waterfowl against avian influenza - Emphasis on Asian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank DE avian influenza; control; vaccine ID REVERSE GENETICS; ANIMALS STRATEGY; VIRUS; NEURAMINIDASE; HEMAGGLUTININ AB The H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza (AI) epizootic began with reports of mortality from China in 1996 and, by June 2005, caused outbreaks of disease in nine additional Asian countries, affecting or resulting in culling of over 200 million birds. Vaccines can be used in programs to prevent, manage, or eradicate AI. However, vaccines should only be used as part of a comprehensive control strategy that also includes biosecurity, quarantine, surveillance and diagnostics, education, and elimination of infected poultry. Potent AI vaccines, when properly used, can prevent disease and death, increase resistance to infection, reduce field virus replication and shedding, and reduce virus transmission, but do not provide "sterilizing immunity" in the field; i.e., vaccination does not completely prevent AI virus replication. Inactivated AI vaccines and a recombinant fowlpox-H5-AI vaccine are licensed and used in various countries. Vaccines have been shown to protect chickens, geese, and ducks from H5 HPAI. The inactivated vaccines prevented disease and mortality in chickens and geese, and reduced the ability of the field virus to replicate in gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Although the Asian H5N1 HPAI virus did not cause disease or mortality in ducks, the use of inactivated vaccine did reduce field virus replication in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. The inactivated vaccine protected geese from morbidity and mortality, and reduced challenge virus replication. The recombinant fowlpox-H5-AI vaccine has provided similar protection, but the vaccine is used only in chickens and with the advantage of application at 1 day of age in the hatchery. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 13 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.021 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200020 PM 17135509 ER PT S AU Bublot, M Pritchard, N Swayne, DE Selleck, P Karaca, K Suarez, DL Audonnet, JC Mickle, TR AF Bublot, Michel Pritchard, Nikki Swayne, David E. Selleck, Paul Karaca, Kemal Suarez, David L. Audonnet, Jean-Christophe Mickle, Thomas R. BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Development and use of Fowlpox vectored Vaccines for avian influenza SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank DE avian influenza; recombinant vaccine; fowlpox vector; DIVA vaccine ID HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; POXVIRUS VACCINE; RECOMBINANT; VIRUS; CHICKENS; PROTECTION; H5N2; EFFICACY; NEURAMINIDASE; IMMUNITY AB The avian influenza (AI) vaccine designated TROVAC (TM)-AIV H5 (TROVAC-H5) contains a live recombinant fowlpox rec. (FP) recombinant (recFP), expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of an AI H5 subtype isolate. This recombinant vaccine was granted a license in the United Staies for emergency use in 1998 and full registraiion in Mexico, Guaiemala, and El Salvador where over 2 billion doses have been administered. One injection of TROVAC-H5 protects chickens against AI-induced mortality and morbidity for AI least 20 weeks, and significantly decreases shedding after challenge with a wide panel of H5-subtype AI strains, regardless of neuraminidase subtype. Recently, excellent protection was demonstraied against 2003 and 2004 Asian highly paihogenic H5N1 isolaies. Whereas TROVAC-H5 AI H5 efficacy was not inhibited by anti-AI or anti-fowlpox maiernal antibodies (passive immunity), protection to AI was significantly decreased in chickens previously vaccinaied or infected with FP (active immunity). Advantages of the TROVAC-H5 vaccine over inactivaied AI vaccines are: (a) single administration at 1 day of age and early onset (1 week) of protection, (b) easy monitoring of AI infection in vaccinaied flocks with agar gel precipitaiion (AGP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used as tests to differentiaie infected from vaccinaied animals (DIVA tests), and (c) no residue problem due to adjuvant. These feaiures make TROVAC-H5 an ideal AI vaccine for routine administraiion of day-of-age chicks in haicheries. C1 Merial SAS, Discovery Res, F-69007 Lyon, France. Merial Select Inc, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. CSIRO, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Merial Ltd Inc, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Merial Avian Global Enterprise, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. RP Bublot, M (reprint author), Merial SAS, Discovery Res, 254 Rue Marcel Merieux, F-69007 Lyon, France. EM michel.bublot@merial.com NR 21 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.023 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200022 PM 17135511 ER PT S AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, David E. BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Recommendations from the Avian Influenza Vaccine Workshop SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 226 EP 227 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.008 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200026 PM 17135515 ER PT S AU Uilenberg, G Goff, WL AF Uilenberg, Gerrit Goff, Will L. BE Blouin, EF Maillard, JC TI Polyphasic taxonomy SO IMPACT OF EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES ON ANIMAL HEALTH SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2005 CL Hanoi, VIETNAM SP Soc Trop Vet Med, CIRAD, FAO, USDA, APHIS, USDA, ARS, Asian Dev Bank DE taxonomy; phylogenetics ID BABESIA-EQUI LAVERAN; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENUS MYCOPLASMA; LIFE-CYCLE; RNA GENE; THEILERIA; EPERYTHROZOON; EHRLICHIA; MICROTI; TICKS AB Several organisms from a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic groups have presented problems for systematists for a long time. Both phenotypic and genotypic methods for sorting out these relationships have been employed. There are limitations with each method when taken alone. Since the purpose of systematics is to determine the correct genealogical relationships among biological organisms, it is necessary to use all available means to arrive at consensus associations, and polyphasic taxonomy, which takes into consideration both methods, is a rational approach. In this short article, we provide a number of examples where polyphasic taxonomy is serving as the means of arriving at the desired consensus. C1 A Surgente, F-20130 Cargese, Corse, France. USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Uilenberg, G (reprint author), A Surgente, Route Port, F-20130 Cargese, Corse, France. EM uilenber@club-internet.fr NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-637-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2006 VL 1081 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1196/annals.1373.073 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences GA BFZ67 UT WOS:000245654200068 PM 17135557 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Selling, GW Willett, JL Palmquist, DE AF Sessa, DJ Selling, GW Willett, JL Palmquist, DE TI Viscosity control of zein processing with sodium dodecyl sulfate SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE zein; sodium dodecyl sulfate; rheology; extrusion; compression molding; tensile strength ID POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) PVC; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WATER-ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; SURFACTANT; STATE; ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLEXATION; UREA AB Zein, the predominant protein in corn, may be used as an alternative to various commercial plastics. Plastics produced from zein tend to be brittle, so plasticizers such as triethylene glycol (TEG) and water were used in this study to alleviate brittleness. When zein is blended with water and subjected to heat and shear in a torque rheometer, zein readily generates aggregates that produce a rapid increase in viscosity. This rapid increase in viscosity is manifested as a torque increase, which can be detrimental to industrial processes such as extrusion. The primary objective of this study was to control the viscosity rise during torque rheometry by adding known amounts of water, TEG, and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a known protein denaturant. Our findings with torque rheometry showed that water alone allowed zein to generate higher molecular weight species in approximately 1 min. Varied combinations of TEG and water delayed the torque rise to 2-4 min. When SDS was added to zein and combined with water and TEG, it significantly delayed the viscosity increase in a linear relationship dependent on the amount of SDS added. Because extrusion is a standard method for processing plastics, the second objective of this study was to assess the mechanical properties of extruded, SDS-modified zein. To accomplish this, zein was blended with a fixed amount of water and TEG with varying amounts of SDS. The mixtures were subjected to extrusion processing on a single-screw extruder equipped with a 2 turn round die, and the resulting rope was pelletized. One half of the weight of pellets was re-extruded through a 2 cm ribbon die, and the other half was freeze-ground and compression molded. The mechanical properties of tensile bars from the compression mold and those cut from the ribbon die were evaluated at either 50 or 70% relative humidity on an Instron with a crosshead speed of 50 mm/min. Tensile strength and Young's modulus diminished, whereas elongation increased with increasing amounts of SDS. Therefore, the addition of SDS did not improve the strength of the tensile bars, but it did improve the ductility. The results from torque rheometry and the mechanical testing of extruded products show that the addition of SDS to zein blends of water and TEG can be used to develop an acceptable formulation for both processing and end-use requirements. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Biometr Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Biometr Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sessada@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.02.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 011KO UT WOS:000235267200003 ER PT J AU Pan, ZL Cathcart, A Wang, DH AF Pan, ZL Cathcart, A Wang, DH TI Properties of particleboard bond with rice bran and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate adhesives SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE rice bran; rice bran adhesive; particleboard; diisocyanate; rice straw; PMDI AB Rice straw can be used as a fiber source for the manufacture of particleboards. Polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) is widely used as an adhesive for manufacturing such products. PMDI has the ability to bind rice straw despite the wax present on the surface of the straw. Its relatively high cost, petroleum origin, and toxicity in its uncured state are concerns to the rice particleboard industry. A less expensive and environmentally friendly rice bran adhesive may be used to replace a portion of PMDI and still give quality products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of particleboard bond with rice bran based adhesive. In this experiment, rice bran adhesive (RBA) was used to replace 10, 20, and 30% of PMDI adhesive. The properties of the resulting mixed adhesive products were then evaluated and compared with particleboard bond with only PMDI. Up to 30% of the PMDI could be replaced with RBA to yield products with properties similar to those of PMDI bond particleboard. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, USDA, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 7 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.03.004 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 011KO UT WOS:000235267200006 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Li, XL AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Li, XL TI Feruloyl esterase hydrolysis and recovery of ferulic acid from jojoba meal SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE simmondsin; feruloyl esterase; ferulic acid ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; SIMMONDSIN AB There is growing interest in recovering ferulic acid from plant sources for use as feedstock for several high-value applications. Jojoba meal was examined as a potential source of ferulic acid. The feruloyl esterase domain of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal xylanase was employed to hydrolyze ferulic acid from defatted jojoba meal. Esterase treatment produced 6.7 g of ferulic acid/kg of jojoba meal. The predominant source (86%) of the ferulate was found to originate from the meal's water-soluble simmondsin fraction. Seven feruloyl simmondsin species from jojoba meal were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Only one species, a didemethylsimmondsin ferulate, displayed an enzymatic hydrolysis rate distinctly faster than the other feruloyl simmondsins. Complete hydrolysis of all feruloyl simmondsin species was achieved in 24-48 h at 60 degrees C with a 100:1 meal:enzyme weight ratio. Ferulic acid was efficiently recovered from the medium by ethyl acetate extraction. The recovered ferulic acid was readily converted to ethyl ferulate, demonstrating a facile procedure for producing a valuable product from defatted jojoba meal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM laszloja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.03.005 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 011KO UT WOS:000235267200007 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Brandon, KB Isbell, TA AF Cermak, SC Brandon, KB Isbell, TA TI Synthesis and physical properties of estolides from lesquerella and castor fatty acid esters SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE castor; cloud point; estolides; lesquerella; RBOT; pour point ID VEGETABLE-OILS; FENDLERI SEED; LUBRICANTS AB Biodegradable, vegetable oil-based lubricants must have better low temperature properties as well as comparable cost to petroleum oils before they can become widely acceptable in the marketplace. The low temperature property usually measured is the pour point (pp), the minimum temperature at which the material will still pour. Viscosity and viscosity index also provide information about a fluid's properties where a high viscosity index denotes that a fluid has little viscosity change over a wide temperature range. Lesquerella oil is a good candidate for its development into a biodegradable lubricant as it is being developed as an alternative crop for the southwestern U.S. The hydroxy site on the fatty acid (FA) makes it a suitable site for esterification to yield estolides. Castor and lesquerella FA esters were combined with different types of saturated, unsaturated, and branched FAs to produce estolides. Castor and lesquerella estolide esters had the best cold temperature properties when capped with oleic (pp = -54 degrees C for castor and pp = -48 degrees C for lesquerella) or capped with a branched material, 2-ethylhexanoic acid (pp = -51 degrees C for castor and pp = -54 degrees C for lesquerella). As the saturation was increased in the estolide, pour and cloud points also increased. The increased saturation such as in stearic capped estolides allowed for sufficient alkyl stacking of these long saturated chains producing higher pour points. Oxidative stability of the estolides was compared between the oleic-castor estolide 2-ethylhexyl ester and the coco-castor estolide 2-ethylhexyl ester by the rotating bomb oxidation test (RBOT). The RBOT times for both estolides were low with a similar time of about 15 min. However, when the antioxidant package (3.5 wt.%) was added, the RBOT times increased to 403 min for the coco-castor estolide 2-ethylhexyl ester while still retaining its outstanding cold temperature properties, (pp = -36 degrees C and cp = -30 degrees C). The viscosity index ranged from 164 to 200 for these new hydroxy FA derived estolide 2-ethylhexyl esters. These oleic-castor and lesquerella estolide esters have displayed far superior low temperature properties (pp = -54 degrees C) than any other estolides reported to date. Due to the lack of solvent and catalysts, the cost of these estolides should be reasonable and more suitable as a base stock for biodegradable lubricants and functional fluids than current commercial materials. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), ARS, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cermaksc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.04.001 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 011KO UT WOS:000235267200008 ER PT S AU Harrison, RL Jarvis, DL AF Harrison, Robert L. Jarvis, Donald L. BE Bonning, BC TI Protein N-glycosylation in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system and engineering of insect cells to produce "mammalianized" recombinant glycoproteins SO INSECT VIRUSES: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE Advances in Virus Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA CELLS; CHINESE-HAMSTER OVARY; HUMAN INTERFERON-GAMMA; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE-II; ASPARAGINE-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; DIFFERENT CULTURE-CONDITIONS; DROSOPHILA KC-CELLS; CMP-SIALIC ACID; GLYCAN STRUCTURES AB Baculovirus expression vectors are frequently used to express glycoproteins, a subclass of proteins that includes many products with therapeutic value. The insect cells that serve as hosts for baculovirus vector infection are capable of transferring oligosaccharide side chains (glycans) to the same sites in recombinant proteins as those that are used for native protein N-glycosylation in mammalian cells. However, while mammalian cells produce compositionally more complex N-glycans containing terminal sialic acids, insect cells mostly produce simpler N-glycans with terminal mannose residues. This structural difference between insect and mammalian N-glycans compromises the in vivo bioactivity of glycoproteins and can potentially induce allergenic reactions in humans. These features obviously compromise the biomedical value of recombinant glycoproteins produced in the baculovirus expression vector system. Thus, much effort has been expended to characterize the potential and limits of N-glycosylation in insect cell systems. Discoveries from this research have led to the engineering of insect N-glycosylation pathways for assembly of mammalian-style glycans on baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins. This chapter summarizes our knowledge of insect N-glycosylation pathways and describes efforts to engineer baculovirus vectors and insect cell lines to overcome the limits of insect cell glycosylation. In addition, we consider other possible strategies for improving glycosylation in insect cells. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014; OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM49734, R01 GM049734] NR 150 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 BN 0-12-039868-0 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2006 VL 68 BP 159 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)68005-6 PG 33 WC Virology SC Virology GA BFE58 UT WOS:000241482400005 PM 16997012 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M AF Cooper, Joseph C. Perali, Federico Veronesi, Marcella BE Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M TI Integrated Assessment and Management of Public Resources Introduction SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC RESOURCES SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Cooper, Joseph C.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Perali, Federico; Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Verona, Dept Econ, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-472-5 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2006 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRX99 UT WOS:000283860200001 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC Perali, F Tommasi, N Veronesi, M AF Cooper, Joseph C. Perali, Federico Tommasi, Nicola Veronesi, Marcella BE Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M TI A contingent valuation method incorporating fairness and citizen participation SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC RESOURCES SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cooper, Joseph C.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Perali, Federico; Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Verona, Dept Econ, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Tommasi, Nicola] Univ Verona, CIDE, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-472-5 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2006 BP 70 EP 92 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRX99 UT WOS:000283860200004 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC Perali, F Tommasi, N Veronesi, M AF Cooper, Joseph C. Perali, Federico Tommasi, Nicola Veronesi, Marcella BE Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M TI Travel cost estimation conditional on leisure consumption SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC RESOURCES SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECREATION DEMAND ANALYSIS; SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS; CONSUMER DEMAND; TIME; MODELS; PROBABILITIES; LIKELIHOOD; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; PRICES C1 [Cooper, Joseph C.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Perali, Federico; Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Verona, Dept Econ, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Tommasi, Nicola] Univ Verona, CIDE, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-472-5 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2006 BP 93 EP 117 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRX99 UT WOS:000283860200005 ER PT J AU Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M AF Cooper, Joseph C. Perali, Federico Veronesi, Marcella BE Cooper, JC Perali, F Veronesi, M TI Integrated Assessment and Management of Public Resources Conclusions SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC RESOURCES SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Cooper, Joseph C.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Perali, Federico; Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Verona, Dept Econ, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Veronesi, Marcella] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooper, JC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-472-5 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2006 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRX99 UT WOS:000283860200009 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Satterstrom, FK Kiker, GA Bridges, TS Benjamin, SL Belluck, DA AF Linkov, Igor Satterstrom, F. Kyle Kiker, Gregory A. Bridges, Todd S. Benjamin, Sally L. Belluck, David A. TI From Optimization to Adaptation: Shifting Paradigms in Environmental Management and Their Application to Remedial Decisions SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Risk assessment; Decision analysis; Environmental management; Remediation AB Current uncertainties in our understanding of ecosystems require shifting from optimization-based management to an adaptive management paradigm. Risk managers routinely make suboptimal decisions because they are forced to predict environmental response to different management policies in the face of complex environmental challenges, changing environmental conditions, and even changing social priorities. Rather than force risk managers to make single suboptimal management choices, adaptive management explicitly acknowledges the uncertainties at the time of the decision, providing mechanisms to design and institute a set of more flexible alternatives that can be monitored to gain information and reduce the uncertainties associated with future management decisions. Although adaptive management concepts were introduced more than 20 y ago, their implementation has often been limited or piecemeal, especially in remedial decision making. We believe that viable tools exist for using adaptive management more fully. In this commentary, we propose that an adaptive management approach combined with multicriteria decision analysis techniques would result in a more efficient management decision-making process as well as more effective environmental management strategies. A preliminary framework combining the 2 concepts is proposed for future testing and discussion. C1 [Linkov, Igor; Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Cambridge Environm, 58 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kiker, Gregory A.] Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bridges, Todd S.] US Army Corps Engineers Ctr Contaminated Sediment, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, EP R, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Benjamin, Sally L.] Farm Serv Agcy, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Belluck, David A.] Fed Highway Adm, US Dept Transportat, 400 7th St SW, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), Cambridge Environm, 58 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. EM linkov@cambridgeenvironmental.com FU Dredging Operations Environmental Research Program; Center for Contaminated Sediments at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX We thank Tom Seager (Purdue University), Marc Greenberg (USEPA), and Gregg Macey (University of Virginia) for fruitful discussions. We also acknowledge the support of our respective institutions in preparing this article. In particular, the support of the Dredging Operations Environmental Research Program and the Center for Contaminated Sediments at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020116 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WT UT WOS:000209712200017 PM 16640324 ER PT S AU Cooper, CM Testa, S AF Cooper, Charles M. Testa, Sam, III BE Jones, J TI Water quality of Coldwater River, Mississippi, USA: Effects of divergent land uses and stream disturbance in paired catchments SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29, Pt 4, Proceedings SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 08-14, 2004 CL Lahti, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE conservation; management; ecology C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54068-9 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2006 VL 29 BP 2089 EP 2095 PN 4 PG 7 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BFN29 UT WOS:000243245800082 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Gomez, A McBride, MB Norvell, WA AF Aguirre-Gomez, A McBride, MB Norvell, WA TI A voltammetric method for determining free metal activities in aqueous solutions. Part 1: direct current voltammetry of Cd, Cu, and Pb SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE heavy metals; trace metals; electrochemistry; soil pollution; chemical speciation ID ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; HETEROGENEOUS MEMBRANE ELECTRODE; ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; COMPLEX-FORMATION CURVES; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; FIXED LIGAND; DETECTION LIMIT; VARIED PH; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; RATIO AB A selective and sensitive method for determining free metal activities (M2+) for Cd, Cu and Ph in aqueous solutions is presented based on the Lingane and DeFord and Flume models. Electrochemical and complexation studies were carried Out by direct current voltammetry (DCV) and by metal ion selective electrodes (ISE) as a reference method. A voltammetric equation was tested to evaluate (M2+) by varying ligand type and pH (4.5-7.5). Experimental DCV-Nernstian slopes and R values were 29.1, 0.887 for Cd2(+) 29.1, 0.957 for Cu2+ and 27.6, 0.925 for Ph2+, respectively. Comparison of the two independent methods gave for the DCV-ISE plots, slopes and R-2 values of 0.823, 0.825 for Cd, 0.996 and 0,996, for Cu and 1.10 and 0.935 for Ph respectively. The DCV- and ISE-(M2+) values and those predicted by MINEQL+, using reported stability constants, were statistically similar. These studies are ecologically relevant as the method allows the assessment of chemical activities of essential and toxic free heavy metals in Soil Solution and other synthetic and natural solutions. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim, FES Cuautitlan, Mexico City 54800, DF, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Aguirre-Gomez, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim, FES Cuautitlan, Apartado Postal 149, Mexico City 54800, DF, Mexico. EM aag@servidor.unam.mx; mbm7@cornell.edu; WAN1@cornell.edu NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 67 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2006.009098 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037AB UT WOS:000237118000004 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Gomez, A McBride, MB Norvell, WA AF Aguirre-Gomez, A McBride, MB Norvell, WA TI A voltammetric method for determining free metal activities in aqueous solutions. Part 2: anodic stripping voltammetry of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in synthetic and soil solutions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; chemical speciation; stripping voltammetry; chemical activity; metal buffer solutions ID ASSOCIATION DISSOCIATION KINETICS; DIFFERENT DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; DEPOSITION POTENTIAL SSCP; SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL; COMPLEX SYSTEMS; LIMITING CURRENT; FULVIC-ACID; SPECIATION; CADMIUM; CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRY AB Theory and methodology for determining the free metal activity, (M2+), of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by anodic stripping voltammetry is presented. Metal-buffer solutions were prepared to control (M2+), which was varied by using different ligands and by changing pH. Total metal aqueous concentration of 10(-6)-10(-7) M and metal-ligand ratios of 1:20M, 0.010M acetate medium were used. Equations for reversible and irreversible systems were interpreted to explain the results. For Cd and (pPb < 10), agreement was found among theory, experimental ASV and (M2+), calculated by using a speciation chemical equilibria programme and stability constants reported in the literature. Kinetic effects were observed for values of pPb > 10. For Cu and Zn, good agreement was found between the theory and calculated (M2+), and between experimental ASV results and calculated (M2+). Experimental ASV results showed Nernstian parallel shifts with regard to theory. Free metal activities in the order of pCd = 12, pCu = 18, pPb = 10 and pZn = 9 were measurable under the experimental conditions tested. Results too showed good agreement between Cu-ISE and Cu-ASV when measuring the free Cu2+ activity in aqueous extracts of four soils. Values of soil-(Cu2+) measured were in the order of 10(-5)-10(-9). C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim, FES Cuautitlan, Mexico City 54800, DF, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Aguirre-Gomez, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim, FES Cuautitlan, Apartado Postal 149, Mexico City 54800, DF, Mexico. EM aag@servidor.unam.mx; MBM7@cornell.edu; WAN1@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 68 EP 89 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2006.009099 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037AB UT WOS:000237118000005 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Prinyawiwatkul, W AF Sathivel, Subramaniam Bechtel, Peter J. Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon TI Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Salmon Protein Powders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE salmon protein; flow behavior index; consistency index; Casson model; storage modulus; loss modulus ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUBILITY; MODEL AB This study demonstrated feasibility of producing soluble protein powders from pink (PSP) and red (RSP) salmon heads. Differences were observed between physicochemical properties of the two protein powders, including nitrogen solubility, emulsion stability, and fat adsorption capacity. The flow and viscoelastic properties of the emulsions prepared with PSP and RSP were investigated using a parallel plate rheometer. The power law model and the Casson model were used to determine the flow behavior index (n), and consistency index (K) and yield stress. The emulsion containing PSP (PSPE) had a higher K value (8 Pa.s) than that (4.2 Pa.s) of the emulsion containing RSP (RSPE). Both PSPE and RSPE emulsions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior and viscoelastic characteristics. The G' (an elastic or storage modulus) and G" (a viscous or loss modulus) values for PSPE were higher than RSPE. C1 [Sathivel, Subramaniam] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ssathivel@agcenter.lsu.edu; bechtel@sfos.uaf.edu; wprinya@lsu.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Byproducts Utilization Program; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA FX The study was conducted at the Fishery Industrial Technology Center in Kodiak, part of the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The study was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Byproducts Utilization Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-5764 EI 1556-3758 J9 INT J FOOD ENG JI Int. J. Food Eng. PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 AR 3 DI 10.2202/1556-3758.1066 PG 20 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V10JZ UT WOS:000207461600003 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Onwulata, CI AF Tunick, Michael H. Onwulata, Charles I. TI Rheological properties of extruded milk powders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article DE whey protein; nonfat dry milk; extrusion; rheology ID WHEY-PROTEIN CONCENTRATE; WATER VAPOR SORPTION; EXTRUSION; PRODUCTS; CORN; DENATURATION; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; COOKING; FOODS AB Whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, and nonfat dry milk may be processed through a twin-screw extruder to produce ingredients for protein-fortified food. The products ranged from rigid to flexible to soft, and small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements showed that these properties varied with extrusion temperature and moisture content. The whey proteins showed different effects than nonfat dry milk due to the type and amount of protein present. The characteristics of extruded milk powders can be manipulated through processing parameters to obtain texturized products with the desired rheological properties. C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1094-2912 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PY 2006 VL 9 IS 4 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1080/10942910600669899 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 091NI UT WOS:000241035200019 ER PT J AU Benson, AC Torode, ME Singh, MAF AF Benson, Amanda C. Torode, Margaret E. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OBESITY LA English DT Article DE strength; 1RM; insulin resistance; children; waist circumference; BMI; HOMA2; obesity; cardiorespiratory fitness; adolescent ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN; AEROBIC FITNESS; ALL-CAUSE; OVERWEIGHT; MEN; OBESITY AB Objective. To investigate the relationship of muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to insulin resistance. Methods. In a cross sectional study of 126 volunteers (10-15 years) we measured insulin, glucose, lipids, body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), strength and CRF. Linear and logistic regression models assessed the relationships between these factors and estimated insulin resistance (Homeostasis Assessment Model2; HOMA2-IR). Results. Greater insulin resistance was associated with greater adiposity, lower CRF, and strength. Upper body strength and WC were the only independent predictors of insulin resistance, accounting for 39% of the variance (p <0.001). Children in the highest and middle tertiles of absolute upper body strength were 98% less likely to have high insulin resistance than those with the lowest strength, adjusted for maturation and central adiposity, body mass (OR = 0.019; p = 0.003). Similar trends were present for high vs. low CRF. Conclusion. Muscular strength has been identified for the first time as an independent and powerful predictor of better insulin sensitivity in children. Lower strength, CRF and higher central adiposity are highly predictive of higher levels of insulin resistance in this cohort, and should be considered potential targets for interventions designed to enhance metabolic fitness in children and adolescents. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tufts Univ, Hebrew Senior Life & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr C, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Benson, AC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, East St, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. EM acbkiwi@clear.net.nz OI Benson, Amanda Clare/0000-0003-2959-8969 NR 50 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1747-7166 J9 INT J PEDIATR OBES JI Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1080/17477160600962864 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 148OJ UT WOS:000245084200004 PM 17907329 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WN Liu, ZS Erhan, S AF Song, Bo Chen, Weinong Liu, Zengshe Erhan, Sevim TI Compressive properties of epoxidized soybean oil/clay nanocomposites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE compressive properties; nanocomposite; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); strain-rate; material model ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON-6 CLAY HYBRID; HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; SOFT MATERIALS; 6-CLAY HYBRID; STRAIN RATES; POLYMER AB High- and low strain-rate compression experiments were conducted on epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)/clay nanocomposites with nanoclay weights of 0%, 5%, and 8%. A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was employed to conduct high strain-rate experiments. The pulse shaping technique ensures nearly constant-strain-rate deformation under dynamically equilibrated stresses in specimens such that accurate stress-strain curves at various high rates were obtained. A MTS 810 hydraulically driven materials testing system was used to obtain low strain-rate stress-strain curves. Strain-rate and nanoclay weight effects on the compressive properties of the nanocomposites were experimentally determined. A phenomenological strain-rate-dependent material model was presented to describe the stress-strain response. The model agrees well with the experimental data at both large and small strains as well as high and low strain rates. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Chen, WN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 50 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1549 EP 1568 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.10.004 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 051DO UT WOS:000238141200008 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Staniulis, J Davis, RE AF Valiunas, D Staniulis, J Davis, RE TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae', a novel phytoplasma taxon discovered in yellows diseased strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; GENE-SEQUENCES; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; LITHUANIA; AMPLIFICATION; PLANTS AB Symptoms of general stunting and yellowing of leaves were observed in diseased cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) in Lithuania. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified by PCR indicated that the symptoms were associated with infection by a phytoplasma, designated strawberry yellows (StrawY) phytoplasma. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that StrawY phytoplasma, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense', 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', stolbur phytoplasma and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum' shared a common ancestor, but were mutually distinct. Nucleotide sequence alignments of a 1.3 kb 16S rRNA gene sequence fragment revealed that StrawY phytoplasma shared 97.4% or less similarity with previously described 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species. These results, in addition to natural host and geographical occurrence, support the recognition of StrawY phytoplasma as a representative of a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae'. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Lab Phytoviruses, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 56 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63935-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 005GS UT WOS:000234811200041 PM 16403898 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Webb, BW Butler, BW Dickinson, MB Jimenez, D Reardon, J Bova, AS AF Jones, JL Webb, BW Butler, BW Dickinson, MB Jimenez, D Reardon, J Bova, AS TI Prediction and measurement of thermally induced cambial tissue necrosis in tree stems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; MORTALITY; MODEL; BARK; TEMPERATURES; RESISTANCE; CONIFERS; SURVIVAL; RANGE; PINE AB A model for fire-induced heating in tree stems is linked to a recently reported model for tissue necrosis. The combined model produces cambial tissue necrosis predictions in a tree stem as a function of heating rate, heating time, tree species, and stem diameter. Model accuracy is evaluated by comparison with experimental measurements in two hardwood and two softwood species: red maple (Quercus prinus), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Results are promising, and indicate that the model predicts stem mortality/survival correctly in similar to 75-80% of the test cases. A limited sensitivity analysis of model kill depth predictions suggests that the model is more sensitive to required input data for some species than for others, and that the certainty in predicting vascular cambium necrosis decreases as stem diameter decreases. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Webb, BW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM webb@byu.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1071/WF05017 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100002 ER PT J AU Thies, WG Westlind, DJ Loewen, M Brenner, G AF Thies, WG Westlind, DJ Loewen, M Brenner, G TI Prediction of delayed mortality of fire-damaged ponderosa pine following prescribed fires in eastern Oregon, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Blue Mountains; modeling ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; TREE MORTALITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; SIERRA-NEVADA; CROWN; SURVIVAL; FORESTS; SEASON AB Prescribed burning is a management tool used to reduce fuel loads in western interior forests. Following a burn, managers need the ability to predict the mortality of individual trees based on easily observed characteristics. A study was established in six stands of mixed-age ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) with scattered western junipers at the south end of the Blue Mountains near Burns, Oregon, USA. Stands were thinned in either 1994 or 1995. Three treatments, a fall burn, a spring burn, and an unburned control, were randomly assigned to 12-ha experimental units within each stand. Prescribed burns occurred during mid-October of 1997 or mid-June of 1998 and were representative of operational burns, given weather and fuel conditions. Within each experimental unit, six 0.2-ha plots were established to evaluate responses to the burns. Ponderosa pine plot trees (n=3415) alive 1 month after the burns were evaluated and observed for four growing seasons. Nine fire damage and tree morphological variables were evaluated by logistic regression. A five-factor full model and a two-factor reduced model are presented for projecting probability of mortality. Significant variables in the full model included measures of crown, bole, and basal damage. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Malheur Natl Forest, Hines, OR 97738 USA. Pacific Analyt, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wthies@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1071/WF05025 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100003 ER PT J AU Hanson, CT North, MP AF Hanson, CT North, MP TI Post-fire epicormic branching in Sierra Nevada Abies concolor (white fir) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE California; mixed conifer; salvage logging; traumatic crown reiteration ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; SAN-PEDRO-MARTIR; PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; MORTALITY; SPRUCE; GROWTH; MEXICO AB In California's mixed-conifer forest, which historically had a regime of frequent fires, two conifers, Sequoiadendron giganteum and Pseudotsuga menziesii, were previously known to produce epicormic sprouts from branches. We found epicormic branching in a third mixed-conifer species, Abies concolor, 3 and 4 years after a wildfire in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Sprouting occurred only from the boles. We investigated (1) whether the degree of crown loss and the extent of epicormic branching were independent; and (2) whether epicormic branching differed by tree size. The vertical extent of epicormic foliage increased with increasing severity of crown loss. There was a significantly greater proportion of large diameter-class (> 50 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) trees with epicormic branching than small/medium diameter-class (25-50 cm dbh) trees. These results suggest large diameter Abies concolor may survive high levels of crown loss, aided by crown replacement through epicormic branching, but that reiterative green foliage may not appear for up to 3 years after fire damage. If this response is widespread, it would suggest some 'dying' trees logged under current salvage guidelines could survive, and that higher-intensity fire may substantially reduce the density of small post-fire suppression white fir, while retaining many larger overstory trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP North, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2121 2nd Ave,Suite A-101, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mpnorth@ucdavis.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1071/WF05019 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100004 ER PT J AU Knapp, EE Keeley, JE AF Knapp, EE Keeley, JE TI Heterogeneity in fire severity within early season and late season prescribed burns in a mixed-conifer forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; landscape heterogeneity; prescribed fire; season of burning ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST; SOUTHERN CASCADES; NATIONAL-PARK; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; CALIFORNIA; REGIMES; USA; HISTORY AB Structural heterogeneity in forests of the Sierra Nevada was historically produced through variation in fire regimes and local environmental factors. The amount of heterogeneity that prescription burning can achieve might now be more limited owing to high fuel loads and increased fuel continuity. Topography, woody fuel loading, and vegetative composition were quantified in plots within replicated early and late season burn units. Two indices of fire severity were evaluated in the same plots after the burns. Scorch height ranged from 2.8 to 25.4 m in early season plots and 3.1 to 38.5 m in late season plots, whereas percentage of ground surface burned ranged from 24 to 96% in early season plots and from 47 to 100% in late season plots. Scorch height was greatest in areas with steeper slopes, higher basal area of live trees, high percentage of basal area composed of pine, and more small woody fuel. Percentage of area burned was greatest in areas with less bare ground and rock cover ( more fuel continuity), steeper slopes, and units burned in the fall ( lower fuel moisture). Thus topographic and biotic factors still contribute to the abundant heterogeneity in fire severity with prescribed burning, even under the current high fuel loading conditions. Burning areas with high fuel loads in early season when fuels are moister may lead to patterns of heterogeneity in fire effects that more closely approximate the expected patchiness of historical fires. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Knapp, EE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM eknapp@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1071/WF04068 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100005 ER PT J AU Cruz, MG Butler, BW Alexander, ME Forthofer, JM Wakimoto, RH AF Cruz, MG Butler, BW Alexander, ME Forthofer, JM Wakimoto, RH TI Predicting the ignition of crown fuels above a spreading surface fire. Part I: model idealization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE crown fire initiation; fire behavior; heat transfer; modeling ID FLAME CHARACTERISTICS; WIND; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; PLUMES; RATES; BED AB A model was developed to predict the ignition of forest crown fuels above a surface fire based on heat transfer theory. The crown fuel ignition model (hereafter referred to as CFIM) is based on first principles, integrating: (i) the characteristics of the energy source as defined by surface fire flame front properties; (ii) buoyant plume dynamics; (iii) heat sink as described by the crown fuel particle characteristics; and (iv) energy transfer (gain and losses) to the crown fuels. Fuel particle temperature increase is determined through an energy balance relating heat absorption to fuel particle temperature. The final model output is the temperature of the crown fuel particles, which upon reaching ignition temperature are assumed to ignite. CFIM predicts the ignition of crown fuels but does not determine the onset of crown fire spread per se. The coupling of the CFIM with models determining the rate of propagation of crown fires allows for the prediction of the potential for sustained crowning. CFIM has the potential to be implemented in fire management decision support systems. C1 Assoc Desenvolvimento Aerodinam Ind, P-3031601 Coimbra, Portugal. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59834 USA. Forest Engn Res Inst Canada, Wildland Fire Operat Res Grp, Hinton, AB T7V 1V3, Canada. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cruz, MG (reprint author), CSIRO, Ensis Forest Biosecur & Protect, POB E4008, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia. EM cruz@ensisjv.com RI Cruz, Miguel/F-1410-2010; OI Cruz, Miguel/0000-0003-3311-7582 NR 79 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1071/WF04061 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100006 ER PT J AU Cruz, MG Butler, BW Alexander, ME AF Cruz, MG Butler, BW Alexander, ME TI Predicting the ignition of crown fuels above a spreading surface fire. Part II: model evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; DYNAMICS; WIND; BEHAVIOR; POWER AB A crown fuel ignition model (CFIM) describing the temperature rise and subsequent ignition of the lower portion of tree crowns above a spreading surface fire was evaluated through a sensitivity analysis, comparison against other models, and testing against experimental fire data. Results indicate that the primary factors influencing crown fuel ignition are those determining the depth of the surface fire burning zone and the vertical distance between the ground/surface fuel strata and the lower boundary of the crown fuel layer. Intrinsic crown fuel properties such as fuel particle surface area-to-volume ratio and foliar moisture content were found to have a minor influence on the process of crown fuel ignition. Comparison of model predictions against data collected in high-intensity experimental fires and predictions from other models gave encouraging results relative to the validity of the model system. C1 Assoc Desenvolvimento Aerodinam Ind, P-3031601 Coimbra, Portugal. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59834 USA. Forest Engn Res Inst Canada, Wildlanf Fire Operat Res Grp, Hinton, AB T7V 1V3, Canada. RP Cruz, MG (reprint author), CSIRO, Ensis Forest Biosecur & Protect, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia. EM miguel.cruz@ensisjv.com RI Cruz, Miguel/F-1410-2010; OI Cruz, Miguel/0000-0003-3311-7582 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1071/WF05045 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100007 ER PT J AU Genton, MG Butry, DT Gumpertz, ML Prestemon, JP AF Genton, MG Butry, DT Gumpertz, ML Prestemon, JP TI Spatio-temporal analysis of wildfire ignitions in the St Johns River Water Management District, Florida SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE clustering; confidence envelope; fire occurrence; L-function; point process ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CRIME AB We analyse the spatio-temporal structure of wildfire ignitions in the St Johns River Water Management District in north-eastern Florida. We show, using tools to analyse point patterns (e.g. the L-function), that wildfire events occur in clusters. Clustering of these events correlates with irregular distribution of fire ignitions, including lightning and human sources, and fuels on the landscape. In addition, we define a relative clustering index that summarizes the amount of clustering over various spatial scales. We carry our analysis in three steps: purely temporal, purely spatial, and spatio-temporal. Our results show that arson and lightning are the leading causes of wildfires in this region and that ignitions by railroad, lightning, and arson are spatially more clustered than ignitions by other accidental causes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Genton, MG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM genton@stat.tamu.edu NR 18 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1071/WF04034 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100010 ER PT J AU Fried, JS Gilless, JK Spero, J AF Fried, JS Gilless, JK Spero, J TI Analysing initial attack on wildland fires using stochastic simulation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; California Fire Economics Simulator; fire protection planning; forest fire; wildfire ID PROTECTION PLANNING-MODEL; CALIFORNIA; REPRESENTATION AB Stochastic simulation models of initial attack on wildland fire can be designed to reflect the complexity of the environmental, administrative, and institutional context in which wildland fire protection agencies operate, but such complexity may come at the cost of a considerable investment in data acquisition and management. This cost may be well justified when it allows for analysis of a wider spectrum of operational problems in wildland fire protection planning. The California Fire Economics Simulator version 2 (CFES2), is a sophisticated stochastic simulation model designed to facilitate quantitative analysis of the potential effects of changes in many key components of most wildland fire systems, e. g. availability and stationing of resources, dispatch rules, criteria for setting fire dispatch level, staff schedules, and deployment and line-building tactics. The CFES2 model can also be used to support strategic planning with respect to vegetation management programs, development at the wildland-urban interface, reallocation of responsibilities among fire protection agencies, and climatic change. The analytical capacity of stochastic simulations models to address such key issues is demonstrated using the CFES2 model in four case studies addressing the impact on initial attack effectiveness of: (1) multiple fire starts; (2) diversion of firefighting resources to structure protection; (3) alternate stationing of firefighting resources; and (4) multi-agency cooperation. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Fire & Resource Assessment Program, Sacramento, CA 95818 USA. RP Fried, JS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM usfs@jeremyfried.net NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1071/WF05027 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018AW UT WOS:000235736100014 ER PT J AU Hoadley, JL Rorig, ML Bradshaw, L Ferguson, SA Westrick, KJ Goodrick, SL Werth, P AF Hoadley, JL Rorig, ML Bradshaw, L Ferguson, SA Westrick, KJ Goodrick, SL Werth, P TI Evaluation of MM5 model resolution when applied to prediction of National Fire Danger Rating indexes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article AB Weather predictions from the MM5 mesoscale model were used to compute gridded predictions of National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) indexes. The model output was applied to a case study of the 2000 fire season in Northern Idaho and Western Montana to simulate an extreme event. To determine the preferred resolution for automating NFDRS predictions, model performance was evaluated at 36, 12, and 4 km. For those indexes evaluated, the best results were consistently obtained for the 4-km domain, whereas the 36-km domain had the largest mean absolute errors. Although model predictions of fire danger indexes are consistently lower than observed, analysis of time series results indicates that the model does well in capturing trends and extreme changes in NFDRS indexes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. 3Tier Environm Forecast Grp, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Dept Interior, NW Interagcy Coordinat Ctr, Portland, OR 97218 USA. RP Hoadley, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM jhoadley@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1071/WF05015 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 059VL UT WOS:000238760200001 ER PT J AU Blank, RR White, RH Ziska, LH AF Blank, Robert R. White, Robert H. Ziska, Lewis H. TI Combustion properties of Bromus tectorum L.: influence of ecotype and growth under four CO2 concentrations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE char; flammability; global change; lignin; wildfire ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; PERENNIAL GRASSES; CONE CALORIMETER; HEAT RELEASE; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE AB We grew from seed the exotic invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum L., collected from three elevation ecotypes in northern Nevada, USA. Plants were exposed to four CO2 atmosphere concentrations: 270, 320, 370, and 420 mu mol mol(-1). After harvest on day 87, above-ground tissue was milled, conditioned to 30% relative humidity, and combustion properties were measured using a cone calorimeter. Plants exposed to 270 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 had significantly less total heat released than plants exposed to higher CO2 concentrations. Total heat released was least for the low-elevation ecotype, statistically similar for the mid-elevation ecotype, and significantly increased for the high-elevation ecotype. Plant attributes that significantly correlated with heat release included tissue concentrations of lignin, glucan, xylan, potassium, calcium, and manganese. The data suggest that a decline in tissue concentrations of lignin, xylan, and mineral constituents, as CO2 concentration increases from 270 mu mol mol(-1) to higher levels, affects the combustion process. We suspect that as tissue concentrations of lignin and inorganics decline, char formation decreases, thereby allowing more complete combustion. Changes in combustion parameters of B. tectorum induced by different CO2 concentrations and elevation ecotype may be a strong consideration to understanding fire behaviors of the past, present, and future. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1071/WF05055 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 059VL UT WOS:000238760200009 ER PT J AU Alexander, JD Seavy, NE Ralph, CJ Hogoboom, B AF Alexander, John D. Seavy, Nathaniel E. Ralph, C. John Hogoboom, Bill TI Vegetation and topographical correlates of fire severity from two fires in the Klamath-Siskiyou region of Oregon and California SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE classification trees; topography; vegetation structure; wildfire ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; CLIMATE; REGIMES; FUELS; WILDFIRES; PATTERNS AB We used vegetation data collected in areas before they were burned by the 2500ha Quartz fire in southern Oregon and the 50 600 ha Big Bar complex in northern California to evaluate the ability of vegetation and topographic characteristics to predict patterns of fire severity. Fire severity was characterized as high, moderate, or low based on crown scorch and consumption, and changes in soil structure. In both fires, vegetation plots with southern aspects were more likely to burn with high severity than plots with eastern, northern, or western aspects. This was the only consistent predictor across both fires. In the Quartz fire, we found that plots at higher elevations and with larger diameter trees were more likely to burn with low or moderate severity. These correlations may have been influenced in part by the effects of unmeasured weather conditions. We found few strong correlates in the Big Bar complex, owing in part to the fact that most (75%) of our plots were in the low-severity category, providing relatively little variation. These results, in combination with previous studies of fire severity in the Klamath-Siskiyou region, suggest that areas with southern aspects tend to burn with greater severity than those of other aspects, areas with large trees burn less severely than those with smaller trees, and that correlates of fire severity vary extensively among fires. C1 Klamath Bird Observ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Alexander, JD (reprint author), Klamath Bird Observ, POB 758, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM jda@klamathbird.org NR 45 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 2 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1071/WF05053 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 059VL UT WOS:000238760200010 ER PT J AU Clements, CB Potter, BE Zhong, SY AF Clements, Craig B. Potter, Brian E. Zhong, Shiyuan TI In situ measurements of water vapor, heat, and CO2 fluxes within a prescribed grass fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article AB Fluxes of water vapor, heat, and carbon dioxide associated with a prescribed grass fire were documented quantitatively using a 43-m instrumented flux tower within the burn perimeter and a tethered balloon sounding system immediately downwind of the fire. The measurements revealed significant increases of temperature (up to 20 degrees C), heat flux (greater than 1000 W m(-2)), and CO2 (larger than 2000 parts per million by volume) within the smoke plumes, as well as an intensification of turbulent mixing. Furthermore, the observations revealed an increase in water vapor mixing ratio of more than 2 g kg(-1), or nearly 30% over the ambient air, which is in good agreement with theoretical estimates of the amount of water vapor release expected as a combustion by-product from a grass fire. These observations provide direct evidence that natural fuel-load grass-fire plumes may modify the dynamic environment of the lower atmosphere through not only heat release and intense mixing, but also large addition of water vapor. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Inst Multidimens Air Qual Studies, Houston, TX 77204 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Clements, CB (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Inst Multidimens Air Qual Studies, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM cbclements@uh.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1071/WF05101 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 080FV UT WOS:000240234200003 ER PT J AU Lentile, LB Holden, ZA Smith, AMS Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT Morgan, P Lewis, SA Gessler, PE Benson, NC AF Lentile, Leigh B. Holden, Zachary A. Smith, Alistair M. S. Falkowski, Michael J. Hudak, Andrew T. Morgan, Penelope Lewis, Sarah A. Gessler, Paul E. Benson, Nate C. TI Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE burn severity; burned area; ecological change; fire atlas; fire intensity; fire perimeters; fire radiative power; fire severity; Normalized Burn Ratio; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; radiative energy ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ASSESSING BURN SEVERITY; SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; LANDSAT TM DATA; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; RADIATIVE ENERGY; AFRICAN SAVANNA; SATELLITE DATA AB Space and airborne sensors have been used to map area burned, assess characteristics of active fires, and characterize post-fire ecological effects. Confusion about fire intensity, fire severity, burn severity, and related terms can result in the potential misuse of the inferred information by land managers and remote sensing practitioners who require unambiguous remote sensing products for fire management. The objective of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive review of current and potential remote sensing methods used to assess fire behavior and effects and ecological responses to fire. We clarify the terminology to facilitate development and interpretation of comprehensible and defensible remote sensing products, present the potential and limitations of a variety of approaches for remotely measuring active fires and their post-fire ecological effects, and discuss challenges and future directions of fire-related remote sensing research. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Natl Interagcy Fire Ctr, Natl Pk Serv, Boise, ID 83705 USA. RP Lentile, LB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lentile@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 NR 216 TC 282 Z9 287 U1 15 U2 109 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 319 EP 345 DI 10.1071/WF05097 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 080FV UT WOS:000240234200005 ER PT J AU Paysen, TE Koonce, AL Taylor, E Rodriquez, MO AF Paysen, Timothy E. Koonce, Andrea L. Taylor, Edwin Rodriquez, Maria Ouxiliadora TI Indications of vigor loss after fire in Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) from electrical resistance measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire damage; fire effects; Nicaragua; tropics ID INNER BARK; BALSAM FIR; GROWTH; BUDWORM; SPRUCE; STAND AB In May 1993, electrical resistance measurements were performed on trees in burned and unburned stands of Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Mor.) in north-eastern Nicaragua to determine whether tree vigor was affected by fire. An Osmose model OZ-67 Shigometer with digital readout was used to collect the sample electrical resistance data. Computer-simulated randomization techniques were used to evaluate the significance of differences in electrical resistance between living trees of burned and unburned stands of various ages. Electrical resistance was used as an index of the general metabolic activity of the tree - our chosen definition of tree vigor. Results indicate a loss of tree vigor in stands that burned in comparison with those that did not. C1 US Forest Serv, Riverside Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. San Bernardino Natl Forest, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. MARENA, Minist Ambiente & Recursos Nat, Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua. RP Paysen, TE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Riverside Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. EM tpaysen@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1071/WF05092 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 080FV UT WOS:000240234200012 ER PT J AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, Gary L. TI Measurements of moisture in smoldering smoke and implications for fog SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE highway accidents; visibility ID WILDLAND FIRES AB Smoke from wildland burning in association with fog has been implicated as a visibility hazard over roadways in the southern United States. A project began in 2002 to determine whether moisture released during the smoldering phases of southern prescribed burns could contribute to fog formation. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken from 27 smoldering 'smokes' during 2002 and 2003. These data were converted to a measure of the mass of water vapor present to the mass of dry air containing the vapor ( smoke mixing ratio). Some smokes were dry with almost no moisture beyond ambient. Other smokes were moist with moisture excesses as large as 39 g kg(-1). Calculations show that ground-level smoke moisture excesses have no impact on ambient relative humidity during the day. However, the impact at night can be large enough to increase the ambient relative humidity to 100%. Therefore smoke moisture may be a contributing factor to the location and timing of fog formation. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM gachtemeier@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1071/WF05115 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 113TD UT WOS:000242619400008 ER PT J AU Lentile, LB Smith, FW Shepperd, WD AF Lentile, Leigh B. Smith, Frederick W. Shepperd, Wayne D. TI Influence of topography and forest structure on patterns of mixed severity fire in ponderosa pine forests of the South Dakota Black Hills, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE burn severity; mixed severity fire regime ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; WILDLAND FIRES; CROWN FIRE; VEGETATION; SCAR; PRINCIPLES; CALIFORNIA; SETTLEMENT; OREGON AB We examined the influence of topography and stand structure on fire effects within the perimeter of the similar to 34 000 ha Jasper fire of 2000 in ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Laws.) forests of the South Dakota Black Hills, USA. We used a remotely sensed and field-verified map of post-fire burn severity (accuracy 69%, kappa statistic 0.54), the Digital Elevation Model, and vegetation databases maintained by the Black Hills National Forest to empirically test relationships at 500 randomly located points in each of three severity classes. Burn severity was defined as the relative degree of post-fire change based on fire effects on soil, forest floor, and vegetation. This fire burned rapidly, yet created a patchy mosaic of effects (25, 48, and 27% low, moderate, and high severity). Stands burned by low and moderate severity fire had fewer trees ( stand density index < 470 with fewer than 230 trees > 13 cm diameter at breast height ha(-1)) and were found on less steep sites (slope < 18%). Denser stands ( stand density index > 470) with larger trees ( average stand diameter > 24 cm) or many small trees were more likely to burn with high severity effects. Our results suggest that managers should consider topography and stand structure together when making strategic decisions about which stands to thin or otherwise manage to reduce the severity with which forests will burn in wildfires. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lentile, LB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lentile@uidaho.edu NR 63 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1071/WF05096 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 113TD UT WOS:000242619400012 ER PT J AU Fereres, E Evans, RG AF Fereres, E Evans, RG TI Irrigation of fruit trees and vines: an introduction SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. CSIC, IAS, Cordoba 14080, Spain. Univ Cordoba, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM REvans@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0019-3 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 996TA UT WOS:000234196400001 ER PT J AU Leib, BG Caspari, HW Redulla, CA Andrews, PK Jabro, JJ AF Leib, BG Caspari, HW Redulla, CA Andrews, PK Jabro, JJ TI Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation of 'Fuji' apples in a semi-arid climate SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PEACH-TREE GROWTH; GRAPEVINES VITIS-VINIFERA; FRUIT-QUALITY; WATER-USE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; STORAGE LIFE; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; SIGNAL AB The effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on apple (Malus domestica Borkh. Cv. 'Fuji') yield, fruit size, and quality were evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in the semi-arid climate of Washington State. PRD and DI were applied from about 40 days after full bloom until just before (2001, 2002) or after (2003) harvest and compared to a control irrigation (CI). Irrigation was applied once a week using two micro-sprinklers per tree. Soil-water content in CI was maintained above 80% of field capacity using micro-sprinklers on both sides of a tree. The DI and PRD were irrigated at about 50% (2001-2002) and 60% (2003) of the CI, but differed in placement of irrigation. For DI both micro-sprinklers were operated whereas PRD was irrigated using only one micro-sprinkler wetting half the rootzone compared to CI and DI. Wetting/drying sides of PRD trees were alternated every 2-4 weeks (2001, 2002) or when soil-water content on the drying side had reached a threshold value (2003). Seasonal (1 May-31 October) potential evapotranspiration (ET0) was 967, 1002, and 1005 mm for 2001, 2002, and 2003, and rainfall totaled 58, 39, and 21 mm, respectively. Irrigation amounts applied were 596, 839, and 685 mm in the CI; 374, 763, and 575 mm in the DI; and 337, 684, and 513 mm in the PRD for the 2001, 2002, and 2003 seasons. Higher irrigation volumes in 2002 were due to excessive (177-324 mm) irrigations after harvest. No significant differences were found in yield and fruit size among treatments in 2001 and 2003. In 2002, DI had significantly lower yield than CI, while the yield of PRD did not differ from CI and DI. Fruit from DI and PRD were firmer and had higher concentrations of soluble solids than fruit from CI, both at harvest and following short-term storage at 20 degrees C, but differences to CI were significant in 2002 only. Treatment effects on fruit titratable acidity were inconsistent. Additional water was preserved in the soil profile under PRD compared to DI in 2001 and 2003, but no statistical differences were found between PRD and DI in 2002. Approximately 45-50% of irrigation water was saved by implementing newly developed DI and PRD irrigation strategies without any significant impact on fruit yield and size with PRD. However, apple yield was reduced by DI compared to CI in the second year. C1 Colorado State Univ, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Agr Res Serv, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, 3168 B 1-2 Rd, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. EM horst.caspari@colostate.edu NR 45 TC 90 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0013-9 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 996TA UT WOS:000234196400005 ER PT J AU Shang, F Dudek, E Liu, Q Boulton, ME Taylor, A AF Shang, Fu Dudek, Edward Liu, Qing Boulton, Michael E. Taylor, Allen TI Protein quality control by the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway: Roles in resistance to oxidative stress and disease SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IRON REGULATORY PROTEIN-2; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; CALORIE RESTRICTION; EYE LENS; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB There is now consensus that the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins is cytotoxic and causally related to several age-related diseases including the amyloid diseases and age-related cataracts. There is also general agreement that the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway (UPP) provides a quality control mechanism to limit accumulation of modified proteins. We asked if and how oxidative stress is related to the function of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway, and vice versa, with the objective of obtaining information that can lead to the development of strategies to delay age-related "amyloid" or "protein precipitation" diseases such as cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Elevated levels of ubiquitin conjugates were observed when human, rabbit, bovine, and rat tens, retina, liver cells or tissues were exposed to mild oxidative stress, which was created by exposure to paraquat, diamide, peroxide, light together with lipofuscin, and radiomimetic drugs. The increase in ubiquitin conjugates derived from an increase in substrates as well as by hyperactivation of E1, rather than inactivation of the proteasome. Using a novel glutathiolated substrate, gamma C-crystallin, we demonstrated that the UPP shows a previously unrecognized selectivity for such specifically oxidatively modified proteins. Selectivity of the pathway for other oxidatively modified proteins, specifically for protein carbonyls, was indicated in assays that employed the ubiquitin conjugation-competent, but degradation-resistant ubiquitin variant K6W-ubiquitin. These experiments showed that failure to execute ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis renders cells more susceptible to oxidative-stress-related cytotoxicity. Activity of the pathway is regulated in part by cellular redox status, specifically as affected by GSSG. Ubiquitination is enhanced when GSSG/GSH ratios are 0.02-0.15. Since there is potentiation of ubiquitination even when GSSG/GSH ratios are indistinguishable from basal levels, it appears that ubiquitination provides one of the most sensitive indicators of oxidative stress. Ubiquitination is attenuated when GSSG/GSH rises > 0.2 and does not occur when GSSG/GSH >= 2.9. The data indicate that inhibition of the pathway, which occurs upon aging, is associated with accumulation rather than the timely degradation of ubiquitin conjugates. They further suggest that if the system fails to keep up with production of substrates, high mass ubiquitin conjugates may accumulate and precipitate in cytotoxic aggregates such as are seen in many age-related syndromes, including lens cataracts or in lipofuscin and drusen in the aging retina. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, AMD Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM allen.taylor@tufts.edu NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1560/A8AA-Y8RP-9DRW-Y8AX PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 119QK UT WOS:000243027600006 ER PT J AU Perry, EB Krizanc, D Rooney, AP Sikorski, J Nevo, E Cohan, FM AF Perry, Elizabeth B. Krizanc, Danny Rooney, Alejandro P. Sikorski, Johannes Nevo, Eviatar Cohan, Frederick M. TI Identifying the fundamental units of diversity among Bacillus isolates from "Evolution Canyon" III SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Workshop on New Horizons in Evolutionary Biology CY JAN 23-25, 2007 CL Univ Haifa, Haifa, ISRAEL HO Univ Haifa DE ecotype; species concept; periodic selection; bacterial diversity ID BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SPECIES DEFINITION; RECOMBINATION; PROKARYOTES; SYSTEMATICS; COMMUNITY; ECOTYPES; ECOLOGY; COMPLEX; RATES AB Bacterial systematics currently lacks a theory-based approach to identify the fundamental units of ecology and evolution. Consequently, a single bacterial species typically contains multiple phylogenetically and ecologically distinct lineages. Thus, the species of bacterial systematics are too broadly conceived to help the microbial ecologist who seeks to behold the full ecological diversity within a community, and to determine the interactions and functions of its ecologically distinct populations. Here, we review some of our recent work aiming to discover the ecologically distinct populations of a clade through analysis of DNA sequence diversity. We have developed an algorithm to compare simulations of bacterial sequence evolution with observed sequence diversity patterns within a clade. By finding the set of parameters that give a maximum likelihood fit between evolutionary simulations and actual sequence data, we are able to estimate lineage-specific rates of evolution and to make predictions about sequence clusters that correspond to ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes). We applied this approach to bacterial isolates of "Evolution Canyon" III in the southern Negev Desert. Within the Bacillus subtilis-B. licheniformis clade, our simulation identified numerous putative ecotypes, some of which were shown to be strongly associated with different microhabitats, confirming their ecological distinctness. Also, several confirmed ecotypes were found to be grouped within a single named species, demonstrating the power of the algorithm to discern ecologically significant variation that is beyond the current focus of bacterial systematics. These findings highlight the promise of a theory-driven approach to identify fundamental units of bacterial diversity. C1 Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Haifa, Int Grad Ctr Evolut, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Cohan, FM (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fcohan@wesicyan.edu OI Koeppel, Alexander/0000-0002-2256-2659 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2210 J9 ISR J ECOL EVOL JI Isr. J. Ecol. Evol. PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1560/IJEE_52_3-4_543 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 233RC UT WOS:000251107000023 ER PT J AU Wescott, JM Frihart, CR Traska, AE AF Wescott, J. M. Frihart, C. R. Traska, A. E. TI High-soy-containing water-durable adhesives SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soy; soybeans; phenol; formaldehyde; wood adhesive; durable adhesive ID FORMALDEHYDE; PROTEIN; CURE AB Water-resistant bonds are important in many wood products and have been hard to obtain with many bio-based adhesives. Using a three-step process, water-soluble soy flour has been converted into adhesives that cure into an insoluble material for water-durable adhesives. The process consists of denaturation of soy flour, followed by modification with formaldehyde and then conversion via copolymerization with a suitable cross-linking agent into an insoluble material. Both formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde are used as cross-linking agents. The extent of conversion into the cross-linked copolymer was assessed with a 24-h water extraction procedure and via elemental analysis. Soy-based resins with 44-86% conversion of soluble soy flour have been successfully prepared with up to complete conversion of the protein component. These resins were also used to prepare strandboards of comparable performance to a control commercial phenol-formaldehyde resin. A direct relationship between the percentage of soy flour incorporated and the final board performance was obtained. C1 Heartland Resource Technol, Oelwein, IA 50662 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Wescott, JM (reprint author), Heartland Resource Technol, 801 W Charles St, Oelwein, IA 50662 USA. EM jwescott@heartlandresource.com NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 8 BP 859 EP 873 DI 10.1163/156856106777638734 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 065OJ UT WOS:000239168900011 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Heidt, ML Anderson, PA AF Hansen, James D. Heidt, Millie L. Anderson, Pauline A. TI Bin sterilization to prevent reintroduction of codling moth SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; codling moth; heat; apple bins; water baths ID FRUIT BINS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; LARVAE AB An important source of reinfestation of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the return of fruit bins containing diapausing larvae. Laboratory tests, conducted to determine efficacious temperatures of hot water baths to prevent adult emergence, found baths at 80 degrees C for >= 30 sec were effective and adding a surfactant to the water bath slightly improved efficacy. Validation tests conducted at a packing house, using an 80 degrees C submersion bath for bins, resulted in < 0.2% survival. This procedure should be an important component for field control of codling moth. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 150OH UT WOS:000245225600003 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Pena, J Robles, W Abreu, E Halbert, S Lugo, MD Hernandez, E Ortiz, J AF Pantoja, Alberto Pena, Jorge Robles, Wilfredo Abreu, Edwin Halbert, Susan de Lourdes Lugo, Maria Hernandez, Elias Ortiz, Juan TI Aphids associated with papaya plants in Puerto Rico and Florida SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE papaya; aphids; vectors; weeds ID MOSAIC VIRUS AB Aphids associated with papaya plants were collected from two sites in Puerto Rico (Isabela and Corozal) and three farms in Homestead, Florida. Between the two regions, Florida and Puerto Rico, twenty-one species of aphids from 12 genera were identified: Aphis sp., Aphis illinoisensis Shimer, Aphis spiraecola Patch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis iddletonii (Thomas), Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald), Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), Picturaphis sp., Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, Schizaphis graminum (Rondafii), Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy), Shinfla orientalis (Mordvilko), Schizaphis rotundiventris (Signoret), Toxoptera citricida (Kilkardy), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki), Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas), and Uroleucon pseudoambrosiae (Olive). The number of species was greater in Florida (n = 14) than in Puerto Rico (n = 11). Differences among species were also found between sites in Puerto Rico, with 10 species in Corozal and six in Isabela. Only one species, A. iffinoisensis, was common at all sites sampled, whereas three additional species, A. spiraecola, A. gossypii, and A. craccivora were collected in both the Corozal, Puerto Rico, and the Florida areas. The difference in species composition between Puerto Rican sites (Corozal and Isabela) and between localities (Florida and Puerto Rico) is probably associated with differences in agricultural crops or weeds present in each region. C1 Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Florida, TREC, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR USA. Agr Expt Stn, Dept Crop Protect, Isabela, PR USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agr Expt Stn, Dept Crop Protect, Gurabo, PR USA. Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Corozal, PR USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 111TY UT WOS:000242479000008 ER PT J AU Pingel, RL Epsky, ND Goenaga, R AF Pingel, Randall L. Epsky, Nancy D. Goenaga, Ricardo TI Field trials of lures to attract fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) in commercial sapodilla, marney sapote, and carambola orchards in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE lures; Anastrepha suspensa; Anastrepha oblicua; sapodilla; mamey sapote; carambola ID FLY DIPTERA; HOST STATUS; TRAP AB Field trials in Puerto Rico were conducted to compare the attractiveness of the standard bait of pelletized torula yeast/borax with a two-component (ammonium acetate and putrescine) synthetic lure for Anastrepha spp. within orchards of sapodilla, mamey sapote, and carambola. In addition, the trapping was conducted to provide information on the fruit fly pressure and species composition within these three fruit crops. In sapodilla and mamey sapote, significantly more female and male flies were collected over the entire collection periods in traps containing torula yeast than with the two-component synthetic lure. Fruit fly pressure from predominantly A. suspensa within sapodilla was extremely high; in contrast, very few of either species was found in mamey sapote. Within carambola, significantly more flies were captured with the two-component synthetic lure, and the predominant species was A. obliqua. With both lure types, more female flies than males were captured within all fruit plots. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Pingel, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campus Ave Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 111TY UT WOS:000242479000009 ER PT J AU Farris, CD Phillips, WA Horn, GW Northup, BK Mayeux, HS AF Farris, C. D. Phillips, W. A. Horn, G. W. Northup, B. K. Mayeux, H. S. TI Dry matter intake and digestibility of annual and perennial cool season grasses fed to lambs as high moisture hay. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cool season grass; digestibility; intake C1 Oklahoma Agr Exptl Stn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400006 ER PT J AU Mirando, MA AF Mirando, M. A. TI The National Research Initiative (NRI) competitive grants program in animal reproduction: Changes in priorities and scope relevant to US animal agriculture. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE reproduction; grants; funding C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500005 ER PT J AU Thurlow, JS Looper, ML Reiter, ST Lamb, MA Rosenkrans, CF AF Thurlow, J. S. Looper, M. L. Reiter, S. T. Lamb, M. A. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Effects of age at castration and transportation stress on physiological responses of newly weaned beef calves. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE castration; stress response; calves C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400010 ER PT J AU Burdick, NC Welsh, TH Carroll, JA Laurenz, JC AF Burdick, N. C. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Carroll, J. A. Laurenz, J. C. TI The effects of acute restraint stress on lymphocyte proliferation and IgM production and cortisol levels in the pig. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acute restraint-stress; lymphocytes; pig C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400013 ER PT J AU Flores, R Looper, ML Rorie, RW Rosenkrans, CF Lamb, MA Reiter, ST Kreider, DL AF Flores, R. Looper, M. L. Rorie, R. W. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. Lamb, M. A. Reiter, S. T. Kreider, D. L. TI Effects of body condition and bovine somatotropin on estrus, ovarian follicles, and reproductive performance of postpartum Brahman-influenced cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bovine somatotropin; body condition; estrus C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400024 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Olson, TA AF Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Olson, T. A. TI Comparison of traits of pure and crossbred calves produced by Brooksville Angus sires and sires from prominent Angus bloodlines. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Angus; calves; outbreeding C1 USDA ARS, Brooksville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400027 ER PT J AU Cole, JB Sanders, AH Clay, JS AF Cole, J. B. Sanders, A. H. Clay, J. S. TI Use of producer-recorded health data in determining incidence risks and relationships between health events and culling. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE culling; field data; health C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Dairy Records Management Syst, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500028 ER PT J AU Wang, X Brown, M Gao, F Wu, J Mayeux, H AF Wang, X. Brown, M. Gao, F. Wu, J. Mayeux, H. TI Relationships of milk production in Brangus cows to postweaning calf performance. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Milk Yield; wheat pasture; postweaning ADG C1 Gansu Agr Univ, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400029 ER PT J AU Goff, J Springer, H Bannerman, D Paape, M AF Goff, J. Springer, H. Bannerman, D. Paape, M. TI Bacteremia not detected during experimental coliform mastitis infection. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mastitis; bacteremia; coliform C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. ARS, NADC, USDA, Ames, IA USA. ARS, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500033 ER PT J AU Olson, T Chase, C Mariasegaram, M Lucena, C Godoy, E AF Olson, T. Chase, C. Mariasegaram, M. Lucena, C. Godoy, E. TI History of the evaluation of the Slick hair gene. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE heat tolerance; Slick hair gene C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400035 ER PT J AU Qiu, X Arthington, J Riley, D Chase, C Phillips, W Coleman, S AF Qiu, X. Arthington, J. Riley, D. Chase, C., Jr. Phillips, W. Coleman, S. TI Effect of breed on acute phase protein response to weaning and transport in beef calves. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acute phase protein; breed; beef C1 Univ Florida, Ona, FL 33865 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400041 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL Miller, RH AF Kuhn, M. T. Hutchison, J. L. Miller, R. H. TI Synchronization effects on parameters for days open. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE estrus synchronization; days open; genetic evaluation C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500045 ER PT J AU Kuhn, MT Hutchison, JL AF Kuhn, M. T. Hutchison, J. L. TI Methodology for prediction of bull fertility from field data. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bull fertility; threshold model C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500047 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL VanRaden, PM de Jong, G AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Powell, R. L. VanRaden, P. M. de Jong, G. TI Genetic differences between Holstein maturity rates in the Netherlands and united states. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE maturity rate; milk yield; parity C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NRS, Arnhem, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500050 ER PT J AU Phillips, WA Coleman, SW Riley, DG Chase, CC Mayeux, HS AF Phillips, W. A. Coleman, S. W. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Mayeux, H. S. TI Limit-grazing of winter wheat pasture to increase stocker productivity. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE stocker calf; wheat pasture; supplementation C1 Grazinlands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400054 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Mertens, DR AF Grabber, J. H. Mertens, D. R. TI Direct verses sequential analysis of acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen in forage legume hays. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acid detergent insoluble nitrogen; forage conditioning; polyphenols C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500061 ER PT J AU Burke, J Miller, J AF Burke, J. Miller, J. TI Control of Haemonchus contortus in ewes and does with a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE copper oxide; Haemonchus contortus; small ruminants C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400066 ER PT J AU Burke, J Miller, J AF Burke, J. Miller, J. TI Use of multiple boluses of copper oxide wire particles for control of Haemonchus contortus in lambs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE copper oxide; Haemonchus contortus; sheep C1 USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400064 ER PT J AU Estell, R Fredrickson, E Remmenga, M AF Estell, R. Fredrickson, E. Remmenga, M. TI Antiherbivory compounds on the leaf surface of intact and resprouted tarbush. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE regrowth; shrub; terpene C1 ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500070 ER PT J AU Gao, F Brown, M Wang, X Wu, J Starks, P Mayeux, H AF Gao, F. Brown, M. Wang, X. Wu, J. Starks, P. Mayeux, H. TI Forage intake in Suffolk, Katahdin, and reciprocal-cross lambs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE forage intake; hair sheep; wool sheep C1 Gansu Agr Univ, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400070 ER PT J AU McAllister, J Bushnell, S Purpera, M Landry, A Olcott, B Blackburn, H Loetz, E Bondioli, K Godke, R AF McAllister, J. Bushnell, S. Purpera, M. Landry, A. Olcott, B. Blackburn, H. Loetz, E. Bondioli, K. Godke, R. TI Collection and freezing of Angora goat embryos for the USDA Animal Germplasm Repository. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE goat; embryos; cropreservation C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. E Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400076 ER PT J AU Animut, G Puchala, R Goetsch, A Sahlu, T Detweiler, G Patra, A Varel, V Welis, J AF Animut, G. Puchala, R. Goetsch, A. Sahlu, T. Detweiler, G. Patra, A. Varel, V. Welis, J. TI Methane emission by goats consuming diets with different levels of condensed tannin-containing lespedeza and sorghumsudangrass. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE condensed tannins; goats; methane C1 Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500081 ER PT J AU Tovar-Lunal, I Goetsch, AL Puchala, R Sahlu, T Carstens, GE Freetly, HC Johnson, ZB AF Tovar-Lunal, I. Goetsch, A. L. Puchala, R. Sahlu, T. Carstens, G. E. Freetly, H. C. Johnson, Z. B. TI Efficiency of energy use for pregnancy by crossbred Boer x Spanish does with different litter size. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE energy; goats; pregnancy C1 Kika De La Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500082 ER PT J AU Carroll, J Haydon, K AF Carroll, J. Haydon, K. TI Evaluation of non-nutrient additives as immunomodulators in nursery pigs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; immunity C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. Prince Agri Prod Inc, Quincy, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400085 ER PT J AU Dailey, JW Krebs, N Carroll, JA McGlone, JJ AF Dailey, J. W. Krebs, N. Carroll, J. A. McGlone, J. J. TI Validation of an automated tracking system to quantify overall activity and maintenance behaviors of individually housed nursery pigs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; behavior; methods C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400083 ER PT J AU Williams, E Moulton, K Moore, D Mcgee, M Lovell, E Couvillion, S Ryan, P Lay, D Willard, S AF Williams, E. Moulton, K. Moore, D. McGee, M. Lovell, E. Couvillion, S. Ryan, P. Lay, D. Willard, S. TI Photonic properties of transformed Salmonella typhimutium: Plasmid stability and concentration dependency. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE salmonella; biophotonics; plasmid C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400084 ER PT J AU Edrington, T Callaway, T Genovese, K Anderson, R Nisbet, D AF Edrington, T. Callaway, T. Genovese, K. Anderson, R. Nisbet, D. TI Research examining seasonal shedding of E-coli O157 : H7. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE E. coli O157 : H7; seasonal shedding; beef cattle C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Lab, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400091 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Edrington, TS Flores, R Aiken, GE Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Edrington, T. S. Flores, R. Aiken, G. E. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Does endophyte-infected tall fescue affect the prevalence of E-coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in the feces of ruminants? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE tall fescue; E. coli O157 : H7; Salmonella C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400092 ER PT J AU Gunter, SA Finley, JW Stewart, CB Hutchison, S Beck, PA AF Gunter, S. A. Finley, J. W. Stewart, C. B. Hutchison, S. Beck, P. A. TI Selenium, zinc, and copper status in growing cattle grazing winter pasture on the Coastal Plain. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE trace elements; selenium; copper C1 Univ Arkansas, Hope, AR USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Lab, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400114 ER PT J AU Johnson, Z May, J Dollar, R Golden, C Nihsen, M May, K Looper, M Rosenkrans, C AF Johnson, Z. May, J. Dollar, R. Golden, C. Nihsen, M. May, K. Looper, M. Rosenkrans, C., Jr. TI Use of blood metabolites at weaning as predictors of beef carcass traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef calves; lactate dehydrogenase; carcass traits C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Caldwells Farms, Rosebud, AR USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400116 ER PT J AU Evoniuk, JM Stoltenow, CL O'Rourke, KI Moore, BL Redmer, DA AF Evoniuk, J. M. Stoltenow, C. L. O'Rourke, K. I. Moore, B. L. Redmer, D. A. TI An epidemiological review of a valine-associated scrapie outbreak: Genetic risk and lateral transmission. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ovine; genotype; scrapie transmission C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ADRU, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400139 ER PT J AU Mateo, RD Wu, G Carroll, JA Shinzato, I Kim, SW AF Mateo, R. D. Wu, G. Carroll, J. A. Shinzato, I. Kim, S. W. TI Dietary L-arginine supplementation improves pregnancy outcome in gilts. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE gestation performance; gilts; arginine C1 LIRU, USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Ajinomoto, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400149 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Arrington, BC Bush, LP Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Arrington, B. C. Bush, L. P. Strickland, J. R. TI Response of bovine lateral saphenous vein to increasing concentrations of lysergic acid and ergovaline. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bovine; ergovaline; lysergic acid C1 ARS, USDA, FAPRU, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500167 ER PT J AU Julius, S Ward, M Caton, J Taylor, J Soto-Navarro, S Vonnahme, K Neville, T Reed, J Borowicz, P Redmer, D Reynolds, L AF Julius, S. Ward, M. Caton, J. Taylor, J. Soto-Navarro, S. Vonnahme, K. Neville, T. Reed, J. Borowicz, P. Redmer, D. Reynolds, L. TI Effects of level and source of selenium on maternal jejunal vascularity in growing pregnant ewe lambs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE intestine; selenium; vascularity C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Sheep Ecpt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400163 ER PT J AU Klotz, JL Kirch, BH Aiken, GE Bush, LP Arrington, BC Strickland, JR AF Klotz, J. L. Kirch, B. H. Aiken, G. E. Bush, L. P. Arrington, B. C. Strickland, J. R. TI Evaluation of the vasoconstrictive capacity of tall fescue alkaloids using fescue naive bovine lateral saphenous veins. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bovine; alkaloids; saphenous vein C1 ARS, USDA, FAPRU, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500168 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC McDonagh, MB Ferrell, CL AF Freetly, H. C. McDonagh, M. B. Ferrell, C. L. TI Fetal growth of lambs paternally heterozygous for the callipyge mutation. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fetal; growth; sheep C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400180 ER PT J AU Rios-Utrera, A Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Koch, RM Dikeman, ME Koohmaraie, M Van Vleck, LD AF Rios-Utrera, A Cundiff, LV Gregory, KE Koch, RM Dikeman, ME Koohmaraie, M Van Vleck, LD TI Effects of age, weight, and fat slaughter end points on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects for carcass traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breed effect; carcass trait; heterosis; slaughter end point ID BEEF-CATTLE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; ANGUS; PALATABILITY; GROWTH; STEERS; PERFORMANCE; HEREFORD; FEEDLOT; CHAROLAIS AB The influence of different levels of adjusted fat thickness (AFT) and HCW slaughter end points (covariates) on estimates of breed and retained heterosis effects was studied for 14 carcass traits from serially slaughtered purebred and composite steers from the US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC). Contrasts among breed solutions were estimated at 0.7, 1.1, and 1.5 cm of AFT, and at 295.1, 340.5, and 385.9 kg of HCW. For constant slaughter age, contrasts were adjusted to the overall mean (432.5 d). Breed effects for Red Poll, Hereford, Limousin, Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh, Simmental, Charolais, MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III were estimated as deviations from Angus. In addition, purebreds were pooled into 3 groups based on lean-to-fat ratio, and then differences were estimated among groups. Retention of combined individual and maternal heterosis was estimated for each composite. Mean retained heterosis for the 3 composites also was estimated. Breed rankings and expression of heterosis varied within and among end points. For example, Charolais had greater (P < 0.05) dressing percentages than Angus at the 2 largest levels of AFT and smaller (P < 0.01) percentages at the 2 largest levels of HCW, whereas the 2 breeds did not differ (P >= 0.05) at a constant age. The MARC III composite produced 9.7 kg more (P < 0.01) fat than Angus at AFT of 0.7 cm, but 7.9 kg less (P < 0.05) at AFT of 1.5 cm. For MARC III, the estimate of retained heterosis for HCW was significant (P < 0.05) at the lowest level of AFT, but at the intermediate and greatest levels estimates were nil. The pattern was the same for MARC I and MARC III for LM area. Adjustment for age resulted in near zero estimates of retained heterosis for AFT, and similarly, adjustment for HCW resulted in nil estimates of retained heterosis for LM area. For actual retail product as a percentage of HCW, the estimate of retained heterosis for MARC III was negative (-1.27%; P < 0.05) at 0.7 cm but was significantly positive (2.55%; P < 0.05) at 1.5 cm of A-FT. Furthermore, for MARC III, estimates of heterosis for some traits (fat as a percentage of HCW as another example) also doubled in magnitude depending on different levels of A-FT end point. Rational exploitation of breeds requires special attention to use of different end points and levels of those end points, mainly for fat thickness. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM lvanvleck@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IM UT WOS:000236120300009 PM 16361493 ER PT J AU Murrieta, CM Lake, SL Scholljegerdes, EJ Hess, BW Rule, DC AF Murrieta, C. M. Lake, S. L. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Hess, B. W. Rule, D. C. TI Maternal nutrition effects on lipogenic enzyme messenger RNA in adipose tissue of suckling calves. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE lipid supplementation; beef cattle; milk C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500221 ER PT J AU Vallet, J Freking, B Kayser, JP Christenson, R Leymaster, K AF Vallet, J. Freking, B. Kayser, J. P. Christenson, R. Leymaster, K. TI What we have learned about prenatal physiology in the pig from uterine crowding experiments. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE uterus; placenta; fetus C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400217 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Leibovich, J AF Reynal, S. M. Broderick, G. A. Leibovich, J. TI Effect of RDP source on ruminal digestion in lactating dairy cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE rumen-degraded protein; urea; digestibility C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500251 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA AF Reynal, S. M. Broderick, G. A. TI Optimal nutrient intake and digestion for ruminal microbial protein and milk yields in lactating dairy cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE meta-analysis; microbial protein; milk yield C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500254 ER PT J AU Holtshausen, L Hall, MB AF Holtshausen, L. Hall, M. B. TI Microbial yield and fiber digestion from sucrose, starch, pectin and bermudagrass fiber fermentation. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE nonfiber carbohydrates; microbial product yield; neutral detergent residue C1 Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. USDA ARS, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500275 ER PT J AU Lippolis, J Goff, RJ Horst, R AF Lippolis, J. Goff, Reinhardt J. Horst, R. TI Neutrophil extracellular trap formation: An important neutrophil killing mechanism that is not inhibited by milk. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE neutrophil; milk; antibacterial C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500290 ER PT J AU Dema-tawewa, CMB Pearson, RE VanRaden, PM AF Dema-tawewa, C. M. B. Pearson, R. E. VanRaden, P. M. TI Modeling extended lactations in Holsteins. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE modeling; lactation curve; Holsteins C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500298 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Tooker, ME Cole, JB Wiggans, GR Megonigal, JH AF VanRaden, P. M. Tooker, M. E. Cole, J. B. Wiggans, G. R. Megonigal, J. H., Jr. TI Genetic evaluations for mixed breed populations. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic evaluations; heterosis; crossbreeding C1 USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500303 ER PT J AU Foster, J AF Foster, J. TI The biochemistry of tannins: Role in ruminant production. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE tannins; nutrient utilization; herbal anthelmintic C1 ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500309 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH AF Grabber, J. H. TI Polyphenols and mechanical maceration shift protein fractions in legume hays from rapidly to slowly degraded forms. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE hay protein fractions; mechanical conditioning methods; polyphenols C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500310 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE Looper, ML Kirch, BH AF Aiken, G. E. Looper, M. L. Kirch, B. H. TI Physiological changes in heifers following grazing of toxic or non-toxic tall fescue. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cattle; tall fescue; fescue toxicosis C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500312 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Lamb, JSF AF Jung, H. G. Lamb, J. S. F. TI Differences in morphological and cell wall traits of alfalfa plants selected for divergent stem in vitro fiber digestibility. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE alfalfa; fiber; digestibility C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500313 ER PT J AU Phillips, WA Grings, EE Short, RE Heitschmidt, RK Mayeux, HS AF Phillips, W. A. Grings, E. E. Short, R. E. Heitschmidt, R. K. Mayeux, H. S. TI Effect of calving date on stocker and feedlot performance of calves born in the Northern Great Plains and finished in the Southern Great Plains. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE stocker calves; calving season; growth C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400321 ER PT J AU Williams, EL Stabel, JR AF Williams, E. L. Stabel, J. R. TI Characterization of cytokine gene expression in periparturient dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE periparturient; cytokines; Johne's disease C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500339 ER PT J AU Yasuda, K Roncker, KR Miller, DD Welch, RM Lei, XG AF Yasuda, K. Roncker, K. R. Miller, D. D. Welch, R. M. Lei, X. G. TI Supplemental inulin affects digesta soluble Fe and sulfide concentrations in weanling pigs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE inulin; pigs; iron C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500355 ER PT J AU Cushman, R Allan, M Christenson, R Echternkamp, S AF Cushman, R. Allan, M. Christenson, R. Echternkamp, S. TI Comparison of fertility, luteal characteristics, and luteal function between unilateral and bilateral double ovulations. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fertility; prolificacy; ruminants C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400377 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, S Green, J Vonnahme, K Cushman, R Allan, M AF Echternkamp, S. Green, J. Vonnahme, K. Cushman, R. Allan, M. TI Relationship between concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) in maternal blood and fetal number and status in pregnant cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pregnancy-associated glycoproteins; twins; cattle C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400378 ER PT J AU Anderson, R Ramlachan, N Gutierrez-Banuelos, H Carsten, G Majak, W McDiarmid, R Callaway, T Harvey, R Horrocks, S Edrington, T Nisbet, D AF Anderson, R. Ramlachan, N. Gutierrez-Banuelos, H. Carsten, G. Majak, W. McDiarmid, R. Callaway, T. Harvey, R. Horrocks, S. Edrington, T. Nisbet, D. TI Gastrointestinal metabolism and plasma concentrations of the methane-inhibitor, nitroethane, in fed steers. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE methane; nitroethane; rumen C1 ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kamloops Range Res Unit, Kamloops, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500391 ER PT J AU Vallet, J Kim, J AF Vallet, J. Kim, J. TI Placental expression of the membrane form of folate binding protein during pregnancy in swine. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE folate; placenta; in situ hybridization C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400385 ER PT J AU Jensen, S Wagner, B Garber, L AF Jensen, S. Wagner, B. Garber, L. TI Preliminary results from the national Johne's Disease demonstration herd project. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Johne's; paratuberculosis; control C1 USDA, APHIS VS, Ft Collins, CO USA. Natl Anim Monitoring Syst, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500409 ER PT J AU Stabel, J Robbe-Austerman, S Kimura, K AF Stabel, J. Robbe-Austerman, S. Kimura, K. TI Early diagnosis of Johne's Disease: evaluation of methods. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Johne's disease; mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; early diagnosis C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500410 ER PT J AU Hovingh, E Whitlock, RH Sweeney, RW Fyock, T Wolfgang, DR Smith, J Schukken, YH Van Kessel, JS AF Hovingh, E. Whitlock, R. H. Sweeney, R. W. Fyock, T. Wolfgang, D. R. Smith, J. Schukken, Y. H. Van Kessel, J. S. TI Identification and implications of MAP supershedders. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Johne's disease; supershedder C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Kennett Sq, PA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500412 ER PT J AU Casas, E White, S Wheeler, T Shackelford, S Koohmaraie, M Riley, D Chase, C Johnson, D Smith, T AF Casas, E. White, S. Wheeler, T. Shackelford, S. Koohmaraie, M. Riley, D. Chase, C., Jr. Johnson, D. Smith, T. TI Testing for interactions between Calpastatin and M-Calpain markers in beef cattle on tenderness traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; Calpain; Calpastatin C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400403 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR Powell, RL AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. Powell, R. L. TI Domestic versus imported artificial-insemination semen for Holstein graziers in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic evaluation; grazing; imported semen C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500417 ER PT J AU Snowder, G Van Vleck, L Cundiff, L Bennett, G AF Snowder, G. Van Vleck, L. Cundiff, L. Bennett, G. TI Genetic factors influencing bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE longevity; selection; shipping fever C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400405 ER PT J AU Bohmanova, J Misztal, I Tsuruta, S Norman, HD Lawlor, TJ AF Bohmanova, J. Misztal, I. Tsuruta, S. Norman, H. D. Lawlor, T. J. TI Effects of accounting for heat stress on genetic evaluation of US Holsteins for milk by a test day model. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic evaluation; heat stress; genotype x environment interaction C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Holstein Friesian Assoc Amer, Brattleboro, VT USA. RI Bohmanova, Jarmila/A-3111-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500423 ER PT J AU Flores, R Looper, ML Rorie, RW Lamb, MA Reiter, ST Hallford, DM Kreider, DL Rosenkrans, CF AF Flores, R. Looper, M. L. Rorie, R. W. Lamb, M. A. Reiter, S. T. Hallford, D. M. Kreider, D. L. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Body condition and somatotropin influence endocrine and follicular dynamics of postpartum Brahman-influenced cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE body condition; follicles; somatotropin C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400410 ER PT J AU Murrieta, CM Lake, SL Scholljegerdes, EJ Hess, BW Rule, DC AF Murrieta, C. M. Lake, S. L. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Hess, B. W. Rule, D. C. TI Body condition score at parturition and day of lactation affect lipogenic enxyme messenger RNA abundance in milk somatic cells from lactating beef cows fed supplemental fat. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE milk; messenger RNA; lipogenesis C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400409 ER PT J AU Richardson, KD Kelly, WL Reil, MS Waterman, RC Lodge-Ivey, SL AF Richardson, K. D. Kelly, W. L. Reil, M. S. Waterman, R. C. Lodge-Ivey, S. L. TI Effects of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) on ruminant gas production and in vitro digestion. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE leafy spurge; rumen microbiology; IVDMD C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400415 ER PT J AU Peterson, AB Baldwin, RL Bequette, BJ Kohn, RA AF Peterson, A. B. Baldwin, R. L. Bequette, B. J. Kohn, R. A. TI Effect of ruminally degraded protein source on microbial protein flow in Holstein cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE rumen degraded protein; microbial protein; allantoin C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500439 ER PT J AU Leeds, TD Lewis, GS AF Leeds, T. D. Lewis, G. S. TI Breed comparisons and trends for ewe productivity and lamb growth traits in sheep managed as contemporaries in a western range system. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE sheep; maternal; genetics C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400427 ER PT J AU Thivierge, MC Bergeron, K Julien, P Davis, TA AF Thivierge, M. C. Bergeron, K. Julien, P. Davis, T. A. TI Development and enteral long-chain n-3 fatty acids differentially alters muscle intracellular pools of free amino acids in the neonate piglet. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE muscle amino acid free pools; fractional synthetic rate; piglets C1 Univ Laval, Inst Nutraceut & Funct Food, INAF, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Med Ctr, CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500444 ER PT J AU Taylor, JB Booth, DT Moffet, CM AF Taylor, J. B. Booth, D. T. Moffet, C. M. TI Digital imagery and landscape-scale rangeland monitoring. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE rangeland; monitoring; imagery C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400432 ER PT J AU Bohnert, DW Ganskopp, DC Johnson, DD Falck, SJ Merrill, ML Clark, AA AF Bohnert, D. W. Ganskopp, D. C. Johnson, D. D. Falck, S. J. Merrill, M. L. Clark, A. A. TI Effects of early weaning on cow performance, grazing behavior, and winter feed costs in the intermountain west. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE alternative; economics; management C1 Oregon State Univ, Burns, OR USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400436 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV AF Capuco, A. V. TI Identification of putative bovine mammary stem cells by their retention of labeled DNA strands. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE progenitor cells; proliferation; bromodeoxyuridine C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500455 ER PT J AU Atkins, JA Geary, TW Wells, KJ Lucy, MC Smith, MF AF Atkins, J. A. Geary, T. W. Wells, K. J. Lucy, M. C. Smith, M. F. TI Factors affecting ovulatory follicle size and ovulation success to GnRH-induced ovulation in postpartum beef cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE ovulation; follicle size; estrus synchronization C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS Ft Keogh, Miles City, MT USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500469 ER PT J AU Cushman, R Allan, M AF Cushman, R. Allan, M. TI Effects of ovulation rate and fetal number on fertility in twin-producing cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; twins; fertility C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500468 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Miller, DN Parker, DB Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Archibeque, S. L. Miller, D. N. Parker, D. B. Freetly, H. C. Ferrell, C. L. TI Effects of feeding steam-rolled corn in lieu of dry-rolled corn on the odor of finishing beef steer manure. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE odor; beef cattle; starch C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500477 ER PT J AU Neville, TL Ward, MA Reed, JJ Taylor, JB Vonnahme, KA Grazul-Bilska, AT Borowicz, PP Redmer, DA Reynolds, LP Caton, JS AF Neville, T. L. Ward, M. A. Reed, J. J. Taylor, J. B. Vonnahme, K. A. Grazul-Bilska, A. T. Borowicz, P. P. Redmer, D. A. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of maternal selenium supply and dietary restriction on cellularity estimates of fetal jejunum, heart, and skeletal muscle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fetus; nutrient restriction; selenium C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400461 ER PT J AU Geary, T Waterman, R Paterson, J Ansotegui, R Lipsey, R AF Geary, T. Waterman, R. Paterson, J. Ansotegui, R. Lipsey, R. TI Performance of early weaned (similar to 80 d) vs normal weaned (similar to 215 d) cows in the norther great plains. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE early weaning; AI pregnancy rates; reproduction C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Amer Simmental Assoc, Bozeman, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400463 ER PT J AU Wakker, J Jung, HG Linn, JG AF Wakker, J. Jung, H. G. Linn, J. G. TI Evaluating in vitro cell wall polysaccharide digestibility of high-fiber byproduct feeds and forages. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE in vitro cell wall polysaccharide digestibility; forages; byproduct feeds C1 Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500484 ER PT J AU Waterman, RC Geary, TW Paterson, JA Ansotegui, RP Lipsey, RJ AF Waterman, R. C. Geary, T. W. Paterson, J. A. Ansotegui, R. P. Lipsey, R. J. TI Performance of early weaned (similar to 80 d) vs normal weaned (similar to 215 d) calves in the northern great plains. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE early weaning; protein; calf performance C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Amer Simmental Assoc, Bozeman, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400465 ER PT J AU Walburger, KJ DelCurto, T Vavra, M AF Walburger, K. J. DelCurto, T. Vavra, M. TI The effects of timber harvest, herbivory, and season of use on diet selection of steers grazing forested rangelands. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE botanical composition; ponderosa pine; grand fir C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Oregon State Univ, Union, OR USA. USDA, Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400468 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ McLean, DJ AF Roberts, A. J. McLean, D. J. TI Microarray analysis of gene expression in anterior pituitary glands from anestrous and cycling postpartum beef cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pituitary; anestrus; gene expression C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400472 ER PT J AU Bohnert, DW Sheley, RL Falck, SJ Nyman, AA AF Bohnert, D. W. Sheley, R. L. Falck, S. J. Nyman, A. A. TI Use of a Russian knapweed as a protein supplement for beef cows consuming low-quality forage. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE management; supplementation; weed C1 Oregon State Univ, Burns, OR USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400485 ER PT J AU Foote, M Nonnecke, B Waters, W Beitz, D Fowler, M Johnson, T Miller, B AF Foote, M. Nonnecke, B. Waters, W. Beitz, D. Fowler, M. Johnson, T. Miller, B. TI High growth rate fails to enhance adaptive immune responses of neonatal calves and is associated with decreased T cell viability. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calf nutrition; adaptive immunity; neonatal immunity C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Land Olakes Inc Res Farm, Webster City, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500506 ER PT J AU Paape, M Sohn, E Connor, E Fetterer, R Peters, R Bannerman, D AF Paape, M. Sohn, E. Connor, E. Fetterer, R. Peters, R. Bannerman, D. TI Release of CD14 by bovine neutrophils results in down-regulation of IL-8. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE CD14; IL-8; neutrophil C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500504 ER PT J AU Weston, TR Derner, JD Murrieta, CM Rule, DC Hess, BW AF Weston, T. R. Derner, J. D. Murrieta, C. M. Rule, D. C. Hess, B. W. TI Comparison of catalysts for direct transesterification of fatty acids in freeze-dried forage samples. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fatty acids; forages; methyl esters C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 2 BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DR UT WOS:000239793400488 ER PT J AU Springer, HR Goff, JP Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ AF Springer, H. R. Goff, J. P. Bannerman, D. D. Paape, M. J. TI Lymphocyte, neutrophil, and mineral responses to S-aureus and E-coli mastitis. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mastitis; immune response; staphylococcus aureus C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500508 ER PT J AU Brito, MAVP Somkuti, GA AF Brito, M. A. V. P. Somkuti, G. A. TI Production of bacteriocins by bacterial isolates from dairy cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bacteriocins; aureocin A70; staphylococcus aureus C1 EMBRAPA, Dairy Cattle Res Ctr, Juiz De Fora, Brazil. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500511 ER PT J AU Croissant, AE Dean, L Washburn, S Drake, MA AF Croissant, A. E. Dean, L. Washburn, S. Drake, M. A. TI Evaluation of chemical properties and consumer perception of fluid milk from conventional and pasture-based production systems. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fluid milk; flavor; feed C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RI Dean, Lisa/B-1463-2015 OI Dean, Lisa/0000-0002-2407-9548 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500557 ER PT J AU Renye, JA Somkuti, GA Vallejo-Cordoba, B Van Hekken, DL Gonzalez-Cordova, AF AF Renye, J. A., Jr. Somkuti, G. A. Vallejo-Cordoba, B. Van Hekken, D. L. Gonzalez-Cordova, A. F. TI Characterization of the indigenous microflora present in commercial Queso Fresco from Mexico. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE queso fresco; starter culture; raw milk C1 ARS, USDA, NAA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. CIAD AC, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500563 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Gilbreth, SE Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, G. A. Gilbreth, S. E. Steinberg, D. H. TI Production of the bacteriocin thermophilin 110 in whey-based media. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE thermophilin 110; streptococcus thermophilus; whey permeate C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500562 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, G. A. Steinberg, D. H. TI Pediocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici in co-culture with yogurt starter bacteria. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pediocin; lactis starter cultures; pediococcus acidilactici C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500569 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Wolfgang, DR Hovingh, E Schuk-ken, YH AF Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, J. S. Wolfgang, D. R. Hovingh, E. Schuk-ken, Y. H. TI A long-term, sub-clinical, outbreak of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica Cerro in a Pennsylvania dairy herd. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE salmonella; dairy; cerro C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500593 ER PT J AU Ferreira, G Mertens, DR AF Ferreira, G. Mertens, D. R. TI Effect of corn silage maturity and mechanical processing on nutrient digestibility by lactating dairy cows of different lactation stages. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE corn silage maturity; corn silage processing; corn silage fragmentation index C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500602 ER PT J AU Winkelman, LA Elsasser, TH Reynolds, CK AF Winkelman, L. A. Elsasser, T. H. Reynolds, C. K. TI Plasma tumor necrosis factor-A concentrations during the transition period of cows fed at either ad libitum or restricted diet intakes during the dry period. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE TNF-alpha; transition; dairy cow C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500614 ER PT J AU Bennett, GL Allan, MF Cushman, RA Echternkamp, SE AF Bennett, G. L. Allan, M. F. Cushman, R. A. Echternkamp, S. E. TI Observed and predicted numbers of single, twin, and triplet births in a cattle population selected for increased twinning. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calving; model; twin C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500638 ER PT J AU Kirch, BH Aiken, GE Spiers, DE AF Kirch, B. H. Aiken, G. E. Spiers, D. E. TI Temperature influences upon vascular dynamics as measured by doppler ultrasonography. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE doppler-flow ultrasound; cattle; cold and heat stress C1 USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500666 ER PT J AU Li, YZ Kerr, BJ Kidd, KT Gonyou, HW AF Li, YZ Kerr, BJ Kidd, KT Gonyou, HW TI Use of supplementary tryptophan to modify the behavior of pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; handling; pig; tryptophan ID DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN; MEAT QUALITY; NEUROTRANSMITTER CONCENTRATIONS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; AMINO-ACIDS; YOUNG-PIGS; MUSCULATURE; PROTEIN; IMPACT; MALES AB Three experiments were conducted to investigate the short-term use of supplementary Trp on the behavior of grow/finish pigs. Three levels of dietary Trp were used, representing the standard requirement for growth (control), twice (2x), and 4 times (4x) the control amount. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed the diets for 7 d, during which observations were made of their general behavior (time budget), aggression within the group of familiar pigs, and response to a startling auditory stimulus. Behavior effects were evident during the period of supplementation for both the 2x and 4x diets. During the treatment period, pigs fed supplemental Trp spent more time lying (P = 0.04) and less time eating (P = 0.05) than pigs fed the control diet. Although the response of the animals to the startling stimulus was to become alert and stand, similar behavioral effects caused by supplemental Trp also were evident after the startling stimulus (P < 0.01). Based on these observations, the subsequent studies retained the same dietary levels of Trp and incorporated a 3-d feeding of diets before behavior testing. In Exp. 2, pigs were fed the experimental diets for 3 d before being regrouped with unfamiliar pigs on the same diet. Subsequent aggression was affected by Trp supplementation, in that high levels of dietary Trp decreased the total duration of fighting by approximately 50% (P = 0.03). Supplemental Trp had no effect on the number of fights, and there were no differences between the 2 levels of supplemental Trp on any behavior. In Exp. 3, pigs were exposed to specific handling tests on the farm and meat quality assessments after being fed the experimental diets for 3 d. There were no differences among dietary treatments for any of the meat quality characteristic variables measured. The only behavioral or physiological difference observed among the treatments was a slower movement of pigs fed the 4x Trp treatment than control or 2x Trp-fed pigs in a minimal-forced situation (P = 0.04). Response to confinement on a scale, an electric prod, and movement in general did not differ among treatments. High levels of Trp may result in animals avoiding stressful situations if possible, but they seem to have no effect on responses to stressors that animals may experience in a forced situation. C1 USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Prairie Swine Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kerr@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 212 EP 220 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IM UT WOS:000236120300025 PM 16361509 ER PT J AU Nevelle, TL Reed, JJ Reddy, R Ward, MA Borowiczl, PP Taylor, JB Vonnahme, KA Kappahan, M Redmer, DA Reynolds, LP Caton, JS AF Nevelle, T. L. Reed, J. J. Reddy, R. Ward, M. A. Borowiczl, P. P. Taylor, J. B. Vonnahme, K. A. Kappahan, M. Redmer, D. A. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of nutrient restriction during early or late gestation and dietary Se supply on Se concentrations in maternal and fetal tissues in sheep. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE nutrient restriction; pregnancy; selenium C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500711 ER PT J AU Reddy, R Reed, JJ Neville, TL Taylor, JB Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA Vonnahme, KA Caton, JS AF Reddy, R. Reed, J. J. Neville, T. L. Taylor, J. B. Reynolds, L. P. Redmer, D. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of nutrient restriction during early or late gestation and dietary Se supply on maternal and fetal intestinal growth in sheep. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE growth; intestine; sheep C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 226 EP 227 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500712 ER PT J AU Reed, JJ Borowicz, PP Reddy, R Julius, SL Taylor, JB Neville, TL Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA Vonnahme, KA Caton, JS AF Reed, J. J. Borowicz, P. P'. Reddy, R. Julius, S. L. Taylor, J. B. Neville, T. L. Reynolds, L. P. Redmer, D. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of nutrient restriction during early or late gestation and dietary Se supply on cell proliferation and vascularity in maternal jejunal tissue of sheep. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE intestinal cellular proliferation; sheep; vascularity C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793500710 ER PT J AU Gonyou, HW Brumm, MC Bush, E Deen, J Edwards, SA Fangman, T McGlone, JJ Meunier-Salaun, M Morrison, RB Spoolder, H Sundberg, PL Johnson, AK AF Gonyou, HW Brumm, MC Bush, E Deen, J Edwards, SA Fangman, T McGlone, JJ Meunier-Salaun, M Morrison, RB Spoolder, H Sundberg, PL Johnson, AK TI Application of broken-line analysis to assess floor space requirements of nursery and grower-finisher pigs expressed on an allometric basis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analysis; growth; model; performance; pig; space requirement ID GROUP-SIZE; STOCKING DENSITY; AREA ALLOWANCE; PEN SPACE; PERFORMANCE; SWINE; VIRGINIAMYCIN; ALLOCATION; BEHAVIOR; BARROWS AB Few issues in swine production are as complex as floor space allowances. One method for pork producers to calculate floor space allowance (A) is to convert BW into a 2-dimensional concept yielding an expression of A = k * BW0.667. Data on ADG, ADFI, and G:F were obtained from published peer-reviewed studies. Five data sets were created: A = grower-finisher pigs, fully slatted floors, and consistent group size; B = grower-finisher pigs and fully slatted floors (group size did not need to be consistent); C = grower-finisher pigs, partially slatted floors, and consistent group size; D = grower-finisher pigs, partially slatted floors (group size did not need to be consistent); and E = nursery pigs, fully slatted or woven wire floors (group size did not need to be consistent). Each data set was analyzed using a broken-line analysis and a linear regression. For the broken-line analyses, the critical k value, below which a decrease in ADG occurred, varied from 0.0317 to 0.0348. In all cases the effect of space allowance on ADG was significant (P < 0.05). Using the linear analyses based on data with k values of < 0.030, the critical k values for the 4 grower-finisher data sets did not differ from those obtained using the broken-line analysis (0.0358 vs. 0.0336, respectively; P > 0.10); however, none of the linear regressions explained a significant proportion of the variation in ADG. The slopes for the nonplateau portion of the broken-line analyses based on percent values varied among data sets. For every 0.001 decrease in k (approximately 3% of the critical k value), ADG decreased by 0.56 to 1.41%, with an average value of 0.98% for the 5%-based analyses. The use of an allometric approach to express space allowance and broken-line analysis to establish space requirements seem to be useful tools for pig production. The critical k value at which crowding becomes detrimental to the growth of the pig is similar in full- and partial-slat systems and in nursery and grower-finisher stages. The critical point for crowding determined in these analyses approximated current recommendations to ensure the welfare of pigs. C1 Prairie Swine Ctr Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5NP, Canada. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Concord, NE 68728 USA. USDA, APHIS VS, Ctr Natl Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Agr Food & Rural Dev, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Pork Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. INRA, UMR SENAH, F-35590 St Gilles, France. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Sci Grp, Div Appl Res, Lelystad, Netherlands. Natl Pork Board, Des Moines, IA 50306 USA. RP Gonyou, HW (reprint author), Prairie Swine Ctr Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5NP, Canada. EM gonyou@sask.usask.ca RI Johnson, Anna/E-9319-2015 OI Johnson, Anna/0000-0001-7687-0465 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 84 IS 1 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IM UT WOS:000236120300027 PM 16361511 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Banuelos, H Slay, LJ Carstens, GE Ramlachan, N Horrocks, S Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Gutierrez-Banuelos, H. Slay, L. J. Carstens, G. E. Ramlachan, N. Horrocks, S. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effects of nitroethane on methane production and fermentation balance in fed steers. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE methane; nitroethane; rumen C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 239 EP 239 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501016 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Tooker, ME AF VanRaden, P. M. Tooker, M. E. TI Revised estimates of lifetime net merit for dairy breeds and breed crosses. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE genetic evaluations; net merit; crossbreeding C1 USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501038 ER PT J AU Miller, J AF Miller, J. TI Determinants of regional profitability on dairy farms. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE dairy; profitability; region C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501047 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Prazak, AMB Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, T. R. Prazak, A. M. B. Edrington, T. S. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Isoamyl acetate application as a method to reduce pathogens and methane production in cattle prior to harvest. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE intervention; pathogen; E. coli C1 ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501053 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Hallford, DM Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, T. S. Callaway, T. R. Hallford, D. M. Anderson, R. C. Nisbet, D. J. TI Influence of exogenous triiodothyronine (T-3) on fecal shedding of E-coli O157 in cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE E. coli O157; thyroid; cattle C1 ARS, USDA, FFSRU, College Stn, TX USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501052 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD AF Rostagno, M. H. Hurd, H. S. McKean, J. D. TI Resting pigs on transport trailers: A potential intervention to reduce Salmonella prevalence at slaughter. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; swine; food safety C1 ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501057 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD AF Rostagno, M. H. Hurd, H. S. McKean, J. D. TI Prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium in swine at slaughter. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Salmonella; swine; food safety C1 ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501056 ER PT J AU Mateo, RD Wu, G Carroll, JA Shinzato, I Moon, HK Kim, SW AF Mateo, R. D. Wu, G. Carroll, J. A. Shinzato, I. Moon, H. K. Kim, S. W. TI Effects of L-arginine supplementation on lactation performance of first parity sows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE arginine; sows; lactation C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. ARS, USDA, LIRU, Lubbock, TX USA. Ajinomoto, Tokyo, Japan. RDA, Suwon, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 257 EP 258 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501074 ER PT J AU Burvenich, C Kehrli, M Paape, M Bannerman, D Lippolis, J AF Burvenich, C. Kehrli, M. Paape, M. Bannerman, D. Lippolis, J. TI Cumulative physiological events influence the inflammatory response of the bovine udder to E.coli infections during the transition period. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mastitis; escherichia coli; innate immunity C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Milk Secret & Mastitis Res Ctr, Merelbeke, Belgium. ARS, USDA, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501120 ER PT J AU Cole, J Wiggans, G VanRaden, P Miller, R AF Cole, J. Wiggans, G. VanRaden, P. Miller, R. TI Stillbirth (co)variance components for a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE stillbirth; (co)variance components; threshold model C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501121 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Thornton, LLM Neitzel, RR AF Wiggans, G. R. Thornton, L. L. M. Neitzel, R. R. TI Genetic parameters for rear legs/rear view in Brown Swiss cattle. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE locomotion; type trits; genetic evaluation C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Brown Swiss Assoc, Beloit, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501123 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Wright, JR AF Norman, H. D. Wright, J. R. TI Factors that impact longevity of Holsteins in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE culling; longevity; survival C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501130 ER PT J AU Bewley, JM Boehlje, MD Gray, AW Kenyon, SJ Eicher, SD Schutz, MM AF Bewley, J. M. Boehlje, M. D. Gray, A. W. Kenyon, S. J. Eicher, S. D. Schutz, M. M. TI Development of a stochastic simulation model to assess the potential economic benefits associated with investments in precision dairy farming technologies. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE economic analysis; net present value; precision dairy farming C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501145 ER PT J AU Gressley, TF Connor, EE Dahl, GE AF Gressley, T. F. Connor, E. E. Dahl, G. E. TI Liver expression of the clock gene TIMELESS is reduced by long day photoperiod in dairy steers. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE clock genes; gene expression; liver C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501172 ER PT J AU Harrison, JH White, RA Applegate, TJ Burns, RT Carpenter, GH Erickson, GE Sutton, AL AF Harrison, J. H. White, R. A. Applegate, T. J. Burns, R. T. Carpenter, G. H. Erickson, G. E. Sutton, A. L. TI Development and integration of a national feed management education program and assessment tools into a comprehensive nutrient management plan. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE feed management; nutrient management; environment C1 Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. NRCS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501178 ER PT J AU Williams, CB Jenkins, TG AF Williams, C. B. Jenkins, T. G. TI Decision support model of nutrient excretion in beef feedlots. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef cattle; computer simulation; decision support C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501179 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Wells, JE AF Varel, V. H. Wells, J. E. TI Influence of thymol on coliform bacteria, VFA, and methane production from pull-plug swine manure pits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE swine manure; odor; pathogens C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501183 ER PT J AU Spiers, DE Wax, LE Scharf, B Aiken, GE AF Spiers, D. E. Wax, L. E. Scharf, B. Aiken, G. E. TI Regional differences in sweat rate response of steers to short-term heat stress. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle; heat stress; sweat C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. ARS, USDA, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501216 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD Johnson, TA Marchant-Forde, JN AF Eicher, S. D. Johnson, T. A. Marchant-Forde, J. N. TI Age at transport effects on behavioral responses in dairy calves to novel stimuli. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE calves; behavior; transport C1 ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501220 ER PT J AU Reyna, M Martinez, S Welsh, TH Carroll, JA Laurenz, JC AF Reyna, M. Martinez, S. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Carroll, J. A. Laurenz, J. C. TI Maternal stress: Effect on the stress response and immune function of the progeny. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE maternal stress; immune function; pig C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501225 ER PT J AU Burdick, NC Welsh, TH Carroll, A Laurenz, JC AF Burdick, N. C. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Carroll, A. Laurenz, J. C. TI Maternal stress modulates the acute stress response and immune function of the pig. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE acute restraint stress; immune function; reprogramming C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501226 ER PT J AU Carroll, J Haydon, K AF Carroll, J. Haydon, K. TI Non-nutrient additives alter the weaned pig's stress response to a Mycoplasma hyponeumoniae vaccination. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; stress response C1 ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. Prince Agri Prod Inc, Quincy, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501227 ER PT J AU Weber, TE Chitko-McKown, CG Kerr, BJ AF Weber, T. E. Chitko-McKown, C. G. Kerr, B. J. TI The effect of butyrate on cytokine production and proliferation by porcine monocytes. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE butyrate; pig; immune system C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501230 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Tunick, MH Renye, JA Vallejo-Cordoba, B Gonzalez-Cordova, AF AF Van Hekken, D. L. Tunick, M. H. Renye, J. A. Vallejo-Cordoba, B. Gonzalez-Cordova, A. F. TI Characterization of Queso Fresco cheeses manufactured in Mexico and the United States. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Hispanic; cheese; Queso Fresco C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. CIAD AC, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501247 ER PT J AU Haan, M Russell, J Morrical, D Strohbehn, D Powers, W Lawrence, J Kovar, J AF Haan, M. Russell, J. Morrical, D. Strohbehn, D. Powers, W. Lawrence, J. Kovar, J. TI Effects of grazing management on pasture characteristics affecting sediment and nutrient loads in surface waters. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE grazing; water quality C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501270 ER PT J AU Ngwa, A Dawson, L Puchala, R Detweiler, G Merkel, R Tovar-Luna, I Sahlu, T Ferrell, C Goetsch, A AF Ngwa, A. Dawson, L. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Merkel, R. Tovar-Luna, I. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. Goetsch, A. TI Effect of initial body condition of Boer x Spanish yearling wethers and level of nutrient intake on body composition. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE body composition; energy; goats C1 Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501287 ER PT J AU Ngwa, A Dawson, L Puchala, R Detweiler, G Merkel, R Tovar-Luna, I Sahlu, T Ferrell, C Goetsch, A AF Ngwa, A. Dawson, L. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. Merkel, R. Tovar-Luna, I. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. Goetsch, A. TI Urea space and body condition score to predict body composition of meat goats. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE body composition; goats C1 Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501288 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Hausman, GJ AF Barb, C. R. Hausman, G. J. TI The ontogeny of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) modulation of GH secretion from porcine anterior pituitary cells in culture. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pituitary; GH; IGF-I C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 347 EP 347 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501355 ER PT J AU Moulton, K Williams, E Ryan, P Moore, D Kim, S Lay, D Willard, S AF Moulton, K. Williams, E. Ryan, P. Moore, D. Kim, S. Lay, D. Willard, S. TI Detection of photonic emissions with varying concentrations of Salmonella typhimurium-lux through porcine intestinal tissue: A comparison of two photonic imaging systems. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE biophotonics; Salmonella; porcine intestines C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501362 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Small, B Bilodeau, A AF Peterson, B. Small, B. Bilodeau, A. TI Effects of Posilac on immune and endocrine responses of channel catfish challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE rbST; GHR; TLR5 C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 352 EP 352 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501373 ER PT J AU Curley, KO Lyons, J Brown, MS Lawrence, TE Carroll, JA Vann, RC Willard, ST Welsh, TH Randel, RD AF Curley, K. O., Jr. Lyons, J. Brown, M. S. Lawrence, T. E. Carroll, J. A. Vann, R. C. Willard, S. T. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Randel, R. D. TI Influence of breed type and temperament on anatomic and endocrinologic parameters of the bovine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE temperament; adrenal gland; pituitary gland C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. Brown Loam Expt Stn, Raymond, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Overton, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501376 ER PT J AU Wells, JE Berry, ED Varel, VH AF Wells, J. E. Berry, E. D. Varel, V. H. TI Effects of essential oils on viability of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in treated beef cattle manure slurries and on prevalence from treated feedlot surfaces. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE cattle manure; pathogens; essential oils C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 356 EP 357 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501386 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, T Iraqi, F Mugambi, J Van Tassell, C Garcia, F Hanotte, O Nagda, S Gibson, J Baker, L AF Sonstegard, T. Iraqi, F. Mugambi, J. Van Tassell, C. Garcia, F. Hanotte, O. Nagda, S. Gibson, J. Baker, L. TI Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting parasite indicator traits in a double backcross population of sheep. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE QTL; parasites; sheep C1 ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. FAO IAEA, Anim Prod Unit, Vienna, Austria. Univ New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia. RI Van Tassell, Curtis/A-7544-2009; Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 379 EP 379 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501458 ER PT J AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, D. R. TI Quantifying assay variation in nutrient analysis of feedstuffs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE nutrient analysis; feed composition C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501468 ER PT J AU Duckett, SK Sonon, RN Pavan, E Neel, J Fontenot, JP Scaglia, G Clapham, W AF Duckett, S. K. Sonon, R. N. Pavan, E. Neel, J. Fontenot, J. P. Scaglia, G. Clapham, W. TI Effects of forage species on rib composition, color, and palatability in forage-finished beef. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; forage; carcass C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501482 ER PT J AU Duckett, SK Pavan, E Sonon, RN Neel, J Fontenot, JP Clapham, W AF Duckett, S. K. Pavan, E. Sonon, R. N. Neel, J. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. TI Effects of forage species on fatty acid composition of beef longissimus muscle from forage-finished beef. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE beef; forage; fatty acids C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501481 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Chase, CC Riley, DG AF Coleman, S. W. Chase, C. C., Jr. Riley, D. G. TI Use of cuticular wax alkanes to estimate digestibility and intake of cows at pasture with a view to estimating efficiency. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE forage intake; alkanes; grazing C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 388 EP 389 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501487 ER PT J AU Vann, RC Randel, RD Welsh, TH Willard, ST Carroll, JA Brown, MS Lawrence, TE AF Vann, R. C. Randel, R. D. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Willard, S. T. Carroll, J. A. Brown, M. S. Lawrence, T. E. TI Influence of breed type and temperament on feedlot growth and carcass characteristics of beef steers. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE steers; feedlot; temperament C1 MAFES Brown Loam Exp Stn, Raymond, MS USA. TAES, College Stn, TX USA. TAES, Overton, TX USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS USA. ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 396 EP 396 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501508 ER PT J AU Appuhamy, JADRN Cassell, BG Cole, JB AF Appuhamy, J. A. D. R. N. Cassell, B. G. Cole, J. B. TI Effect of mastitis and postpartum metabolic diseases on milk yield persistency in Holstein and Jersey cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mastitis; metabolic diseases; milk yield persistency C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 398 EP 398 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501516 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Weimer, PJ AF Hall, M. B. Weimer, P. J. TI Implications of a carbon balance study: Organic acid and protein supplies change with fermentable carbohydrate : protein ratio. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE rumen fermentation; carbohydrate; degradable protein C1 ARS, USDFRC, USDA, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501532 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Connor, EE Meyer, MJ Li, RW Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Van Amburgh, ME Boisclair, YR AF Capuco, A. V. Connor, E. E. Meyer, M. J. Li, R. W. Van Tassell, C. P. Sonstegard, T. S. Van Amburgh, M. E. Boisclair, Y. R. TI Advancements and future challenges in understanding mammary gland function. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE mammary; lactation C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501547 ER PT J AU Forde, JNM Lay, DC Forde, RMM McMunn, KA Pajor, EA Cheng, HW AF Forde, J. N. Marchant Lay, D. C., Jr. Forde, R. M. Marchant McMunn, K. A. Pajor, E. A. Cheng, H. W. TI Alternative piglet processing procedures given singly affect cortisol, behavior and growth. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE piglet processing; behavior; stress C1 ARS, USDA, LBRU, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501557 ER PT J AU Lay, DC Marchant, JN McMunn, KA Marchant-Forde, RM Pajor, EA Cheng, HW AF Lay, D. C., Jr. Marchant, J. N. McMunn, K. A. Marchant-Forde, R. M. Pajor, E. A. Cheng, H. W. TI Two alternative combinations of pig processing methods affect cortisol and behavior. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pig; physiology; behavior C1 ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 412 EP 412 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501558 ER PT J AU Dailey, JW Krebs, N Carroll, JA McGlone, JJ AF Dailey, J. W. Krebs, N. Carroll, J. A. McGlone, J. J. TI Validation of a color automated tracking system for activity and pen location of group housed weanling pigs. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE pigs; behavior; technique C1 ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501559 ER PT J AU Schenck, EL Lay, DC Kattesh, HG Cunnick, JE Daniels, MJ Toscano, MJ McMunn, KA AF Schenck, E. L. Lay, D. C., Jr. Kattesh, H. G. Cunnick, J. E. Daniels, M. J. Toscano, M. J. McMunn, K. A. TI The effects of prenatal stress on the ano-genital distance and growth hormone immuno-positive cells in the pituitary gland of the pig. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE swine; prenatal; gender C1 ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501560 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Eicher, SD Patterson, JA Marchant-Forde, JN AF Williams, J. L. Eicher, S. D. Patterson, J. A. Marchant-Forde, J. N. TI Effects of lairage during transport on innate immune function of swine. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE stress; immune function; transport C1 ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 417 EP 417 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501572 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Meyer, MJ Li, RW Van Amburgh, ME Boisclair, YR Capuco, AV AF Connor, E. E. Meyer, M. J. Li, R. W. Van Amburgh, M. E. Boisclair, Y. R. Capuco, A. V. TI Regulation of gene expression in the bovine mammary gland by ovarian steroids. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE gene expression; steroid hormones; mammary function C1 ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501598 ER PT J AU Kabotyanski, E Rijnkels, M Huetter, M Rosen, JM AF Kabotyanski, E. Rijnkels, M. Huetter, M. Rosen, J. M. TI Dynamics of lactogenic hormone induced recuitment of transacting-factors to a milk protein gene promoter. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE lactation; casein; gene regulation C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501599 ER PT J AU Turner, K Nielsen, B O'Connor, C Rosenstein, D Schott, H Womack, C Nielsen, F Orth, M AF Turner, K. Nielsen, B. O'Connor, C. Rosenstein, D. Schott, H. Womack, C. Nielsen, F. Orth, M. TI Sodium zeolite A supplementation to dairy calves. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 436 EP 437 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501630 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD AF Hanson, J. D. TI Applications of grazingland simulation models. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE grazingland; forage production; beef cattle C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501653 ER PT J AU Neel, JPS Belesky, DP AF Neel, J. P. S. Belesky, D. P. TI Whole farm integration: Silvopastoral systems. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE silvopasture; sustainable; nutritive value C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501654 ER PT J AU Sanborn, AM Casas, E Rosa, AJM AF Sanborn, A. M. Casas, E. Rosa, A. J. M. TI Association of microsatellite markers on bovine chromosomes 5 and 6 with carcass traits. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE markers; bovine; carcass C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Rosa, Artur/H-7093-2013 OI Rosa, Artur/0000-0002-7015-9207 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 447 EP 448 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501665 ER PT J AU Huhtanen, P Broderick, GA Russel, JB AF Huhtanen, P. Broderick, G. A. Russel, J. B. TI Challenges in utilization of high protein forages by lactating dairy cows. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE N utilisation; forage; dairy cow C1 MTT Agrifood Res Finland, USDA, Jokioinen, Finland. ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. ARS, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501670 ER PT J AU Kung, L Muck, RE AF Kung, L., Jr. Muck, R. E. TI Preservation of protein during harvest and storage. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE protein; proteolysis; hay C1 Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501669 ER PT J AU Russelle, MP Martin, NP Putnam, DH AF Russelle, M. P. Martin, N. P. Putnam, D. H. TI Importance of forages on dairy farms, beyond their use as feed. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE alfalfa; nitrogen; environment C1 ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501668 ER PT J AU Hatfield, R Grabber, J Sullivan, M Waghorn, G McCaslin, M AF Hatfield, R. Grabber, J. Sullivan, M. Waghorn, G. McCaslin, M. TI Transforming forage plants to increase nitrogen utilization in dairy systems: What are the possibilities? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE protein; plant-modification; nitrogen waste C1 ARS, USDA, Madison, WI USA. Forage Genet, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501672 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Knowlton, KF Russelle, MP Hanigan, MD AF Powell, J. M. Knowlton, K. F. Russelle, M. P. Hanigan, M. D. TI Manure nitrogen transformations in air, soil and crops on dairy farms. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE forages; manure; nitrogen cycling C1 ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. OI Hanigan, Mark/0000-0002-5639-9677 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501671 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA AF Vallet, J. L. Freking, B. A. TI An erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene polymorphism (SNP) alters EPOR mRNA in fetal liver of swine during early gestation. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE blood; erythropoiesis; fetus C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 450 EP 450 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501673 ER PT J AU Allan, MF Jones, SA Rupp, GP Echternkamp, SE AF Allan, M. F. Jones, S. A. Rupp, G. P. Echternkamp, S. E. TI Localization of Period1 mRNA in the ruminant oocyte and investigations of its role in ovarian function. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE oocyte; fertility; gene expression C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 452 EP 453 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501680 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL Archibeque, SL AF Freetly, H. C. Ferrell, C. L. Archibeque, S. L. TI Net flux of A-amino N across splanchnic tissues of ewes during abomasal protein and glucose infusion. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE sheep; intestine; amino acids C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501693 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL AF Van Hekken, D. L. TI Over 100 years of milk and dairy foods research by the United States department of agriculture-agricultural research service. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 SU 1 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 074DS UT WOS:000239793501699 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA AF Vallet, J. L. Freking, B. A. TI Changes in fetal organ weights during gestation after selection for ovulation rate and uterine capacity in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brain; fetus; heart; liver; spleen; uterus ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; NEWBORN PIGLETS; LIVER; PIG; ERYTHROPOIESIS; RETARDATION; DISEASE; ALBUMIN AB We hypothesized that the ability of the fetus to alter nutrient shunting and organ growth might be associated with uterine capacity. White crossbred gilts from a randomly selected control line, a line selected for ovulation rate, and a line selected for uterine capacity (UC) were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized at 160 d of age, mated at estrus, and slaughtered at 45, 65, 85, and 105 d of gestation (9 to 18 gilts for each line x day combination). Analysis of the data revealed that heart weights and fetal weights were decreased in the ovulation rate line. No significant differences were obtained in fetal, placental, or fetal organ weights between the control and UC lines. Allometric growth of organs was assessed by examination of the slopes of the relationships between fetal weights and fetal organ weights after natural log transformation. Only the relative growth of the liver differed between selection lines and was greater (P = 0.01) in the UC compared with the control line during early pregnancy (d 45 and 65). Allometric growth of the fetal brain, liver, and heart differed with day of gestation. A brain-sparing effect was greater (P < 0.01) on d 85 and 105 compared with d 45 and 65. By contrast, a heart-sparing effect was present during early gestation and disappeared in later gestation. Fetal liver weights were hypersensitive to differences in fetal weights on d 45, possibly associated with placental effects on fetal liver weight. Fetal spleen weights were proportional to fetal weights throughout gestation. These results indicate that selection for ovulation rate decreased total fetal and fetal heart weights, and that selection for UC altered the relationship between total fetal and fetal liver weights during early gestation. Results further indicate significant changes in allometric growth of organs during gestation. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2338 EP 2345 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-083 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100005 PM 16908635 ER PT J AU Eicher, SD McKee, CA Carroll, JA Pajor, EA AF Eicher, S. D. McKee, C. A. Carroll, J. A. Pajor, E. A. TI Supplemental, vitamin C and yeast cell wall beta-glucan as growth enhancers in newborn pigs and as immunomodulators after an endotoxin challenge after weaning SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; immune modulator; pig; vitamin C; yeast beta-glucan ID WEANLING PIGS; YOUNG-PIGS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; ANTIOXIDANTS; PERFORMANCE; INHIBITION; RESPONSES; DRINKING AB To test possible dietary immune modulators, 32 crossbred male pigs were given I of 4 dietary treatments (8 pigs/treatment): control, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with beta-glucan (Energy Plus, Natural Chem Industries LTD, Houston, TX; 0.312 g/kg of BW, 2.5% of diet), vitamin C (Stay C 35, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Prisippany, NJ; 75 ppm), or beta-glucan plus vitamin C together (combination; 0.312 g/kg of BW and 75 ppm, respectively). Supplements were given in whole milk within 36 h of birth and then daily for 2 wk until weaning, when the supplement was given in feed for an additional 2 wk. Growth was recorded during the 4 wk of supplement delivery. An i.v. lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS; 150 mu g/kg) was given 14 d postweaning at 0900. Behavior was observed, and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h via ajugular catheter from -1 (0800) to 3 (1200) h relative to challenge (-60, -30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min), and tissues were collected after exsanguination. Beta-glucan (glucan and combination) increased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG compared with vitamin C and control. Cortisol concentrations showed an interaction (P < 0.05) of the beta-glucan and vitamin C. Intestinal expression of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was greatest for vitamin C and beta-glucan compared with control and combination, and liver TNF-alpha mRNA expression showed a main effect (P < 0.01) of beta-glucan. Lung expression of TNF-a mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). In contrast, spleen had greater (P < 0.01) relative abundance of TNF-a mRNA in 0-glucan pigs. Intestinal expression of IL-1Ra mRNA was greater (P < 0.05) for vitamin C and 0-glucan treatments compared with the control and combination pigs. Liver expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). Lying and sleeping behaviors differed (P < 0.05) among treatments early in the observations (0700 to 0720), then sporadically until 50 min after the LPS injection. The vitamin C group slept less (P < 0.05) on those occasions. The time spent lying was least (P < 0.05) for the glucan and combination pigs immediately after the injection. These results show a complex interaction between vitamin C and this yeast product after LPS challenge, with differential expression in tissues by 2 h after LPS injections. The combination enhanced postweaning growth and reduced TNF-a expression of the intestinal and liver tissues, suggesting an important immunomodulatory role of the combination treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu NR 29 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2352 EP 2360 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-770 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100007 PM 16908637 ER PT J AU Ferrell, CL Berry, ED Freetly, HC Miller, DN AF Ferrell, C. L. Berry, E. D. Freetly, H. C. Miller, D. N. TI Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance, manure odor, and carriage of pathogenic and other fecal bacteria. I. Animal performance SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; Bos indicus; compensation; efficiency ID BOS-INDICUS; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; ANGUS STEERS; BEEF-CATTLE; FOOD-INTAKE; BRAHMAN; EFFICIENCY; CARCASS; TAURUS; DIGESTIBILITY AB Although Brahman crosses constitute a large portion of US beef cattle, little information is available on their response to diverse feed resources compared with Bos taurus steers. Thus, the objectives were to evaluate genotype and diet effects on steer performance during the growing period and subsequent response to a high grain diet during the finishing period. Fifty-one steers [0 (15),1/4 (20),1/2 (7), and 3/4 Brahman (9), with the remaining proportion being MARC III] were allotted to 8 pens. Beginning on December 2, steers were individually fed chopped bromegrass hay (n = 26; DM = 85%, CP = 9.5%, ME = 2.19 Mcal/kg) or a corn silage-based diet (n = 25; DM = 51%, CP = 11.9%, ME = 2.75 Mcal/kg) for 119 d. All steers were then fed a high corn diet (DM = 79%, CP = 11.7%, ME = 3.08 Mcal/kg) to a target BW of 560 kg (176 d). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, with genotype, growing diet, and the 2-way interaction included. The interaction was not significant (P > 0.25). The MARC III and 1/2 Brahman steers weighed more (P < 0.01) than 1/4 or 3/4 Brahman steers initially and at the end of the growing period. Weight of bromegrass-fed (325 kg) steers was less than that of corn silage-fed (384 kg) steers at the end of the growing period. Steer ADG and intake of DM, CP, and ME were less (P = 0.087 to 0.001) for 1/4 and 3/4 Brahman than for 0 or 1/2 Brahman steers during growing, finishing, and total, but efficiency of gain did not differ (P > 0.10). Carcass weight, marbling score, quality grade (P < 0.05), and kidney fat (P = 0.06) differed among genotypes. Daily DMI (6.91 vs. 7.06 kg) was similar, but CP (0.66 vs. 0.84 kg) and ME (15.2 vs. 19.4 Mcal) intake of bromegrass fed was less (P = 0.001) than those of corn silage-fed steers. Values for DMI/gain (22.3 vs. 7.43 kg/kg), CP intake/gain (2.13 vs. 0.88 kg/kg), and ME intake/gain (48.8 vs. 20.4 Mcal/kg) were greater (P < 0.001) in bromegrass-fed than corn silage-fed steers. Over the total study, ADG was lower (0.96 vs. 1.01 kg), and DMI (7.82 vs. 7.19 kg), DMI/gain (8.21 vs. 7.10 kg/ kg), and ME intake/gain (22.6 vs. 20.9 Mcal/kg) were greater (P < 0.05) in bromegrass-fed than in corn silage-fed steers. Carcass weight, dressing percent, adjusted backfat, and yield grade (P < 0.05) were greater for corn silage-fed than for bromegrass-fed steers. Feed intake and performance, but not efficiency, differed among these genotypes. Compensatory performance during finishing was insufficient to overcome reduced performance during the growing period. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ferrell, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM ferrell@email.mare.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2515 EP 2522 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-746 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100027 PM 16908657 ER PT J AU Berry, ED Wells, JE Archibeque, SL Ferrell, CL Freetly, HC Miller, DN AF Berry, E. D. Wells, J. E. Archibeque, S. L. Ferrell, C. L. Freetly, H. C. Miller, D. N. TI Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance, manure odor, and carriage of pathogenic and other fecal bacteria. II. Pathogenic and other fecal bacteria SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; Bos indicus; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli O157; forage; grain ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BEEF-CATTLE; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; PROCESSING PLANTS; WASHINGTON-STATE; DAIRY-CATTLE; GRAIN DIETS; PREVALENCE AB This study assessed the influence of cattle genotype and diet on the carriage and shedding of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and levels of generic Escherichia colt in feces and ruminal contents of beef cattle during the growing and finishing periods. Fifty-one steers of varying proportions of Brahman and MARC 111 [0 (15),1/4 (20), 1/2 (7), and 3/4 Brahman (9)] genotypes were divided among 8 pens, such that each breed type was represented in each pen. Four pens each were assigned to 1 of 2 diets [100% chopped bromegrass hay or a diet composed, primarily of corn silage (87%)] that were individually fed for a 119-d growing period, at which time the steers were switched to the same high-concentrate, corn-based finishing diet and fed to a target weight of 560 kg. Feces or ruminal fluid were collected and analyzed at alternating intervals of 14 d or less. Generic E. coli concentrations in feces or ruminal fluid did not differ (P > 0.10) by genotype or by growing diet in the growing or finishing periods. However, the concentrations in both feces and ruminal fluid increased in all cattle when switched to the same high-corn diet in the finishing period. There was no effect (P > 0.25) of diet or genotype during either period on E. coli O157 shedding in feces. Forty-one percent of the steers were positive for Campylobacter spp. at least once during the study, and repeated isolations of Campylobacter spp. from the same steer were common. These repeated isolations from the same animals may be responsible for the apparent diet (P = 0.05) and genotype effects (P = 0.02) on Campylobacter in feces in the finishing period. Cells bearing stx genes were detected frequently in both feces (22.5%) and ruminal fluid (19.6%). The number of stx-positive fecal samples was greater (P < 0.05) for 1/2 Brahman steers (42.9%) than for 1/4 Brahman (25.0%) or 3/4 Brahman steers (22.2%), but were not different compared with MARC III steers (38.3%). The greater feed consumption of 1/2 Brahman and MARC III steers may have resulted in greater starch passage into the colon, accompanied by an increase in fecal bacterial populations, which may have further improved the ability to detect stx genes in these cattle. There was no correlation between either ADG or daily DMI and the number of positive samples of E. coli O157, Campylobacter spp., or stx genes, which agrees with our current understanding that these microorganisms occur commonly in, and with no measurable detriment to, healthy cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM berry@email.mare.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2523 EP 2532 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-747 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100028 PM 16908658 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Berry, ED Wells, JE Ferrell, CL Archibeque, SL Freetly, HC AF Miller, D. N. Berry, E. D. Wells, J. E. Ferrell, C. L. Archibeque, S. L. Freetly, H. C. TI Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance, manure odor, and carriage of pathogenic and other fecal bacteria. III. Odorous compound production SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; diet; forage; grain; manure; odor ID FEEDLOT SOIL-MOISTURE; LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; METHANE EMISSIONS; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; DAIRY-CATTLE; IN-VITRO; NITROGEN; ACID; FERMENTATION; AMMONIA AB Three beef cattle diets were assessed for their potential to produce odorous compounds from cattle feces excreted during the growing and finishing periods. Eight pens containing 51 steers of varying proportions of Brahman and MARC III genotypes were fed either a chopped bromegrass hay diet or a corn silage diet for a 119-d growing period. After the growing period, all steers were switched to the same high-corn finishing diet (high corn) and fed to a target weight of 560 kg (finishing period). Fecal slurries were prepared from a composite of fresh fecal pats collected in each pen during both periods and incubated anaerobically. In additional flasks, starch, protein, or cellulose was added to the composite fecal subsamples to determine the preferred substrates for fermentation and odorous compound production. The content and composition of the fermentation products varied both initially and during the incubation, depending on the diet fed to the steers. The corn silage and high corn feces had the greater initial content of VFA (381.0 and 524.4 mu mol/ g of DM, respectively) compared with the bromegrass feces (139.3 mu mol/g of DM) and accumulated more VFA than the bromegrass feces during the incubation. L-Lactic acid and VFA accumulation in the high corn and corn silage feces was at the expense of starch, based on starch loss and the production of straight-chain VFA. In the bromegrass feces, accumulation of branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds and the low starch availability indicated that the protein in the feces was the primary source for odorous compound production. Substrate additions confirmed these conclusions. We conclude that starch availability was the primary factor determining accumulation and composition of malodorous fermentation products, and when starch was unavailable, fecal microorganisms utilized protein. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 121 Keim Hall,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dmillerl5@unl.edu OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2533 EP 2545 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-748 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100029 PM 16908659 ER PT J AU Min, BR Pinchak, WE Anderson, RC Fulford, JD Puchala, R AF Min, B. R. Pinchak, W. E. Anderson, R. C. Fulford, J. D. Puchala, R. TI Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; condensed tannin; frothy bloat; ruminal fluid protein fraction; steer ID GAS-PRODUCTION; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; QUEBRACHO TANNINS; EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; RUMEN FERMENTATION; PASTURE BLOAT; CATTLE; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB Research was conducted to determine the effects of level of supplementation with quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on in vitro ruminal fluid gas production, in vivo ruminal fluid protein fractions, bloat dynamics, and ADG of steers grazing winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted to 1) enumerate the effect of ruminal fluid from steers fed quebracho CT (0, 1, and 2% CT/kg of DMI) on in vitro gas and methane production from minced fresh wheat forage; and 2) quantify the influence of CT supplementation on ruminal protein characteristics, biofilm complexes, bloat potential, and ADG of steers grazing wheat pasture. Eighteen ruminally cannulated steers (386 +/- 36 kg of BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments that included a control (water infusion) and 2 CT treatment levels (1 or 2% CT/kg of DMI). Treatments were administered daily (63 d) through the rumen cannula as premixes with warm water (approximately 30 degrees C). Rumen contents were collected 2 h postinfusion (at 1030 to 1130) on d 0, 20, 40, 50, and 60. Bloat was visually scored daily for 5 d each wk. In Exp. 1, supplementation of CT decreased the rate of in vitro gas production in a dose-dependent response. In Exp. 2, ADG increased (P < 0.04) at both levels of CT supplementation. Mean bloat score across stage of growth and replicates decreased linearly with increasing CT supplementation; bloat scores were greater (P < 0.001) for the vegetative than for the reproductive stage of plant growth. Biofilm production and rumen fluid protein fractions varied among CT treatments and stage of growth. Addition of CT reduced the severity of bloat, principally through reducing microbial activities, biofilm production, and ruminal gas production. Quebracho CT is potentially a value-added supplement that can decrease the impacts of frothy bloat and increase BW gains in stocker cattle-wheat systems. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. E Kika de la Garza Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK USA. RP Pinchak, WE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. EM bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2006 VL 84 IS 9 BP 2546 EP 2554 DI 10.2527/jas.2005-590 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 079XB UT WOS:000240210100030 PM 16908660 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Warnes, CE Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, TL Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Warnes, CE Nisbet, DJ TI Macrolide inactivation gene cluster mphA-mrx-mphR adjacent to a class 1 integron in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from a diarrhoeic pig in Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE multidrug resistance; Tn21; transposons ID MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; 2'-PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE I; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ERYTHROMYCIN; PLASMIDS; BACTERIA AB Objectives: To characterize a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila isolate (CVM861) that possesses a high-level macrolide inactivation gene cluster (mphA-mrx-mphR), previously only reported in Escherichia coli. Methods: PCR fragment length mapping, gene sequencing and Southern blotting were used to map the mphA-mrx-mphR gene cluster and flanking elements in CVM861. Conjugation experiments were done to determine whether the multidrug resistance genetic element was mobile. Results: The mphA-mrx-mphR gene cluster mapped downstream of a class 1 integron and upstream of an aph(3') gene, and was present on a Tn21-like element. The gene order determined by sequencing was intI1-dhfrXII-orfF-aadA2-qac Delta E-sul1-orf5 Delta 178-tnpA-mphR-mrx-mphA. Horizontal transmission of high-level macrolide resistance from CVM861 to E. coli 47011 was inconsistent; however, a composite plasmid possessing the mphA gene cluster was transferred at a conjugation frequency of 2.02 x 10(-5) per recipient. Conclusions: An mphA-mrx-mphR gene cluster was present downstream of the In2 integron located on a Tn21-like transposon in an A. hydrophila isolate. Whether this recombination event resulted in the truncation of the orf5 sequence is unknown. The presence of other resistance genes downstream of the mphA-mrx-mphR gene cluster suggests that multiple recombination events have occurred on this genetic element. This is the first known report of the mphA-mrx-mphR gene cluster carried by A. hydrophila and the first known isolation of this cluster in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM poole@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1093/jac/dki421 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 000BR UT WOS:000234436400006 PM 16339607 ER PT J AU Aronstein, K Pankiw, T Saldivar, E AF Aronstein, Katherine Pankiw, Tanya Saldivar, Eduardo TI SID-I is implicated in systemic gene silencing in the honey bee SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SID-I; honey bee; RNAi; dsRNA; gene silencing; toll receptor; RT-PCR ID TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN SID-1; RNA INTERFERENCE; C-ELEGANS; DISRUPTION; CELLS AB RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful functional genomics tool that can be used to effectively silence gene expression. The implications for analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes through systemic or localized silencing are enormously significant in the application of this technology. The Sid-I gene was implicated in the cellular import of RNAi signal that enables passive uptake of dsRNA. Here we demonstrate that RNAi in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is systemic and our data suggest that honey bee SID-I homologue, a putative transmembrane protein encoded by AmSid-I, is necessary for the uptake of systemically administered dsRNA and subsequent gene silencing. The honey bee SID-I homologue shares strong similarities with human (NP-060169; 44.3%), mouse (NM-198034; 43.9%), and Caenorhabditis elegans (Q9GZC8; 19%). AmSid-I was expressed in the entire set of honey bee tissues examined with the highest abundance in adult head followed by egg tissue. To test the role of AmSid-I in the systemic effect of RNAi, we induced systemic gene silencing of the honey bee Toll-related receptor 18W by a feeding-soaking delivery method of dsRNA and measured expression levels of AmSid-I and Am 18w using real time PCR. A 3.4-fold increase in expression of AmSid-I was observed at 26 h. In contrast, Am 18w gene expression was decreased about 60-fold at 30 h. High mortality and morphological abnormalities were also seen due to gene silencing. The presence of SID-I in honey bees and its function as a transmembrane channel that facilitates uptake of dsRNA are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, KSARC, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Aronstein, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, KSARC, Honey Bee Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83,Bldg 213, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 13 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 22 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078ED UT WOS:000240083700005 ER PT J AU Villa, JD AF Villa, Jose D. TI Autogrooming and bee age influence migration of tracheal mites to Russian and susceptible worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acarapis woodi; Apis mellifera; grooming; parasitic mites; tracheal mites; honey bees; resistance; susceptibility ID ACARAPIS-WOODI RENNIE; FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; RESISTANCE; INFESTATION; HYDROCARBONS AB The role of autogrooming in controlling tracheal mites in Russian and susceptible colonies was evaluated by gluing together the midlegs of workers and exposing them to mite infestation. In one experiment, young workers (less than 10 h old) from both strains having midlegs glued together at the tarsi (G) or left unglued as controls (C) were introduced into colonies with 50 to 75% of workers infested and retrieved after five or six days. G Russian and susceptible workers had very high mite abundances (8.2 and 7.9 female mites/worker). However, C workers had significantly lower infestations, and strains differed significantly (Russian = 1.5, Susceptible = 3.0 female mites/worker). In a second experiment, C and G workers of both strains and from age classes produced every 24 h (I, 2, 3, or 4 d-old), were simultaneously introduced into an infested colony. Infestation of bees declined significantly in older bees. Differences due to gluing of midlegs and strain became less marked with increasing age of bees. The majority of mites infested the tracheae of workers less than 48 hours old. The autogrooming efficacy of Russian workers during this critical period of 48 hours of high potential for mite migration appears to explain the resistance of their colonies to tracheal mites. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078EF UT WOS:000240083900006 ER PT J AU Kochansky, J AF Kochansky, Jan TI Stability of tylosin in honey at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antibiotic residues; stability; tylosin; desmycosin ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESIDUES; ANTIBIOTICS; DEGRADATION; LINCOMYCIN; VALIDATION; GROWTH AB Honey containing tylosin has been studied to determine the stability of this antibiotic over time at various temperatures. Tylosin and desmycosin, the latter a hydrolysis product of tylosin, were isolated from diluted honey samples by solid-phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Tylosin converted to desmycosin exponentially with half-lives of about 102 days at 34 degrees C, 9 days at 50 degrees, 9 hours at 80 degrees, and 48 minutes at 110 degrees. The desmycosin then decayed to unknown products. The sum of tylosin and desmycosin also decayed exponentially, with half-lives of 3-5 times the tylosin half life at that temperature. The honey used in this study itself deteriorated at these temperatures and times, darkening in color and eventually acquiring insoluble material which required filtration to enable the analysis. Therefore, storage of honey containing tylosin at elevated temperatures is not a feasible method of reducing levels of any tylosin that might be present. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kochansky, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078EF UT WOS:000240083900007 ER PT J AU Kochansky, J Feldlaufer, MF Smith, IB AF Kochansky, Jan Feldlaufer, Mark F. Smith, I. Barton TI Microbiological screening assay for tylosin in pollen SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antibiotic residues; recovery; determination ID RESISTANT AMERICAN FOULBROOD; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HONEY-BEES; RESIDUES; OXYTETRACYCLINE; LINCOMYCIN; VALIDATION AB Tylosin has been isolated from pollen samples by adsorption on acidic mixed-mode solid-phase extraction cartridges, with subsequent determination using a disk-diffusion microbiological assay. While not providing identification of individual antibiotics present, the presence of a zone of inhibition provides a simple indication of the presence of bacteriostatic/bactericidal residues. Use of Paenibacillus larvae gave reproducible sensitivity to 0.2 mg/kg tylosin, but not reliably below that level. Of the strains of bacteria tested, P larvae and Micrococcus luteus gave the greatest sensitivity and inhibition zone diameter; M. luteus was sensitive to some component of pollen, giving large blanks, and less sensitive than other strains to low concentrations of tylosin. Sampling provides the greatest source of error in the analysis of pollen. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kochansky, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078EF UT WOS:000240083900008 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, HE Elzen, PJ AF Cabanillas, H. E. Elzen, P. J. TI Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE small hive beetle; Aethina tumida; entomopathogenic nematodes; honey bee; biocontrol ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RHABDITIDA C1 USDA ARS, KSARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Cabanillas, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, KSARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 078ED UT WOS:000240083700012 ER PT J AU Gilley, DC AF Gilley, David C. TI Nest odour changes following queen loss in Apis mellifera SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE volatile semiochemicals; SPME; GC/MS; Africanized honey bee; nest usurpation ID ENTRANCE C1 USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gilley, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112XE UT WOS:000242560500012 ER PT J AU Arias, MC Rinderer, TE Sheppard, WS AF Arias, M. Cristina Rinderer, Thomas E. Sheppard, Walter S. TI Further characterization of honey bees from the Iberian Peninsula by allozyme, morphometric and mtDNA haplotype analyses SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE honey bee; Apis mellifera; mtDNA; morphometry; allozyme; Iberian Penninsula ID APIS-MELLIFERA-IBERICA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIABILITY; AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES; TROPICAL YUCATAN; EASTERN SPAIN; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM; COLONIES AB It has been proposed that the Iberian Peninsula served as an important refuge for honey bees during periods of European glaciation. The discovery of genetic markers originating from both African and European honey bee lineages in extant Iberian populations led to hypotheses that the region may be a zone of hybridization or reflect the action of human-assisted translocations. In the present study, we investigated allozyme, mitochondrial and morphological variation in honey bee populations sampled from southern France to northern Morocco. Morphological data supported the interpretation that the bees of Iberia, south and west of a line from Zaragoza to Barcelona, can be characterized as the subspecies Apis mellifera iberica (A. m. iberiensis). There appears to be a narrow demarcation between this subspecies and A. m. mellifera, rather than a gradual cline. The persistence of significant subpopulation differentiation indicates that migratory beekeeping has not strongly influenced the genetic characteristics of local populations. Allozyme data were consistent with previous studies showing north - south changes in allele frequencies, possibly related to subspecific origins or selection. Although mtDNA haplotypes of presumptive A lineage origin were found to be prevalent in Iberian honey bee populations, morphological analysis and published microsatellite evidence does not show a comparatively strong influence from the nearby African subpopulation (Morocco). C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Genet & Biol Evolut, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Sheppard, WS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM shepp@wsu.edu RI Arias, Maria/A-1965-2015; OI Arias, Maria/0000-0003-1477-101X NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 120JR UT WOS:000243081500004 ER PT J AU Villegas, AJ Villa, JD AF Villegas, Alexis J. Villa, Jose D. TI Uncapping of pupal cells by European bees in the United States as responses to Varroa destructor and Galleria metionella SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE uncapping; hygienic behaviour; Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; Galleria mellonella ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR; HONEY-BEES; JACOBSONI OUDEMANS; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; RESISTANCE; MITE; COLONIES; BROOD AB We investigated the uncapping of pupal cells by honey bees in the United States as responses to infestation with V. destructor and G. mellonella. In a group of 15 colonies, we counted the number of uncapped cells with pupae, and estimated the total sealed brood area. At the same time, the infestation by V. destructor and evidence of wax moth activity were measured in uncapped pupal cells, in cells immediately adjacent (neighbours), and in cells along linear transects. The relative amount of uncapped pupal cells (uncapped pupal cells/total sealed cells) increased with infestation (linear regression R-2 = 0.64, slope = 0.16). Varroa mite infestation of uncapped cells (30%) significantly exceeded that of neighbours (14%) and also that of transect cells (12%), but infestations of neighbour and transect cells were similar. The relationship between infestation of uncapped cells and that of other cells (neighbour or transect cells) had a slope significantly higher than one, suggesting that discrimination of infested cells increases with overall colony infestation. Frequencies of wax moth activity (presence of larvae, frass, tunnelling and webbing) were highest in uncapped cells (33%), lower in neighbour cells (21%) and extremely low in transect cells (4%). We followed the opening, removing and resealing of pupal cells every 24 h in a colony with one of the highest infestations with varroa mites and with one of the lowest levels of wax moths, and in a second colony with the opposite infestation levels. Many opened or partly removed cells were found in a different condition, suggesting a dynamic process under conditions of high infestation. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Sci Biol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM jvilla@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 120JR UT WOS:000243081500006 ER PT J AU Murray, KD Aronstein, KA AF Murray, K. Daniel Aronstein, Katherine A. TI Oxytetracycline-resistance in the honey bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae is encoded on novel plasmid pMA67 SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American Foulbrood; Apis mellifera; Paenibacillus larvae; oxytetracycline resistance; rolling circle plasmid; honey bee; Terramycin ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS-LARVAE; SUBSP LARVAE; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN; DNA; COLONIES; DISEASES; HISTORY AB The gram-positive bacterium, Paenibacillus larvae, causes a serious honey bee disease, American Foulbrood. For several decades, commercial and hobbyist beekeepers have controlled this disease with the antibiotic oxytetracycline. However, in recent years there have been reports of oxytetracycline-resistant P larvae. In this study, we report that the reason for the oxytetracycline resistance in P larvae is the presence of a novel plasmid carrying a tetracycline resistance gene-tetL. We tested 36 strains of P. larvae from the USA and Canada and found this plasmid in all 21 oxytetracycline-resistant strains and in none of the 15 oxytetracycline-sensitive strains. We cloned and expressed the P larvae tetL gene in Escherichia coli and showed it was functional. Sequencing of the entire plasmid, which we named pMA67, revealed that it is likely a mobilizable rolling-circle replication plasmid. This work provides the first sequence information for any P. larvae plasmid, a new tetL ortholog with significant sequence divergence from tetL genes found in other species, and the first tetracycline-resistance gene found in the entire Paenibacillus genus. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Murray, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM dmurray@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 120JR UT WOS:000243081500007 ER PT J AU Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL Stamova, BS Lazo, GR Cui, XQ Anderson, OD AF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie L. Stamova, Boryana S. Lazo, Gerard R. Cui, Xiangqin Anderson, Olin D. TI Analysis of the wheat endosperm transcriptome SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE endosperm; EST; mapping; microarray; transposon; wheat ID PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GENE-EXPRESSION; GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-A; IDENTIFICATION; GENERATION; DISCOVERY AB Among the cereals, wheat is the most widely grown geographically and is part of the staple diet in much of the world. Understanding how the cereal endosperm develops and functions will help generate better tools to manipulate grain qualities important to end-users. We used a genomics approach to identify and characterize genes that are expressed in the wheat endosperm. We analyzed the 17 949 publicly available wheat endosperm EST sequences to identify genes involved in the biological processes that occur within this tissue. Clustering and assembly of the ESTs resulted in the identification of 6 187 tentative unique genes, 2 358 of which formed contigs and 3 829 remained as singletons. A BLAST similarity search against the NCBI non-redundant sequence database revealed abundant messages for storage proteins, putative defense proteins, and proteins involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The level of abundance of the putatively identified genes reflects the physiology of the developing endosperm. Half of the identified genes have unknown functions. Approximately 61% of the endosperm ESTs has been tentatively mapped in the hexaploid wheat genome. Using microarrays for global RNA profiling, we identified endosperm genes that are specifically up regulated in the developing grain. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resource Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dlc@pw.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Cui, Xiangqin/0000-0003-0621-9313 NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS PI POZNAN PA STRZESZYNSKA 34, POZNAN, 60-479, POLAND SN 1234-1983 J9 J APPL GENETICS JI J. Appl. Genetics PY 2006 VL 47 IS 4 BP 287 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF03194638 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 113AB UT WOS:000242568400002 PM 17132893 ER PT J AU Parveen, S Lukasik, J Scott, TM Tamplin, ML Portier, KM Sheperd, S Braun, K Farrah, SR AF Parveen, S Lukasik, J Scott, TM Tamplin, ML Portier, KM Sheperd, S Braun, K Farrah, SR TI Geographical variation in antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle farm water retention ponds in Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia; Florida; geographical variation; livestock; MAR ID FECAL POLLUTION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; NONPOINT SOURCES; PATTERNS; CONTAMINATION; STREPTOCOCCI; BACTERIA AB Aims: The aim of this study was to assess geographical variation in multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) profiles of livestock Escherichia coli as well as to evaluate the ability of MAR profiles to differentiate sources of faecal pollution. Methods and Results: More than 2000 E. coli isolates were collected from water retention ponds and manure of swine, poultry, beef and dairy farms in south, central and north Florida, and analysed for MAR using nine antibiotics. There were significant differences in antibiotic resistance of E. coli by season and livestock type for more than one antibiotic, but regional differences were significant only for ampicillin. Over the three regions, discriminant analysis using MAR profiles correctly classified 27% of swine, 49% of poultry, 56% of beef and 51% of dairy isolates. Conclusions: Regional variations in MAR combined with moderate discrimination success suggest that MAR profiles of E. coli may only be marginally successful in identifying sources of faecal pollution. Significance and Impact of Study: This study demonstrates the existence of regional and seasonal differences in MAR profiles as well as the limited ability of MAR profiles to discriminate among livestock sources. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol 2112, Food Sci & Technol Program, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Parveen, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol 2112, Food Sci & Technol Program, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM sparveen@umes.edu NR 28 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02773.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 001IT UT WOS:000234527500005 PM 16405684 ER PT J AU Houlihan, AJ Russell, JB AF Houlihan, AJ Russell, JB TI Factors affecting the activity of bovicin HC5, a bacteriocin from Streptococcus bovis HC5: release, stability and binding to target bacteria SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; bacteriocin; binding; bovicin HC5; pH; release; stability; Streptococcus bovis ID PRECURSOR LIPID II; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NISIN RESISTANCE; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; AMINO-ACIDS; STRAINS; PH; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION AB Aims: To determine the factors affecting the release, stability and binding of bovicin HC5 to sensitive bacteria. Methods and Results: Stationary phase Streptococcus bovis HC5 cultures had little cell-free bovicin HC5 activity until the final pH was < 5.0, and even more bacteriocin was released by treatment with acidic NaCl (pH 2.0, 100 mmol l(-1)). Cultures grown with Tween 80 had more cell-free bovicin HC5 than untreated controls, but this nonionic detergent enhanced activity rather than release. Bovicin HC5 binding to S. bovis JB1 (a susceptible strain) was greater at pH values < 6.0. Bovicin HC5 bound other sensitive Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative species. Cultures retained most of their activity for 35 days, but only if the final pH was < 5.6. If the final pH was > 5.6, peptidases destroyed much of the activity. Conclusions: Bovicin HC5 remains cell associated until the culture pH is < 5.0, but it can be easily dissociated from the cell surface by acidic NaCl. It is highly stable in acidic environments and only binds sensitive bacteria at pH values < 6.0. Significance and Impact of the Study: Streptococcus bovis HC5 does not have generally regarded as safe status. However, bovicin HC5 has a broad spectrum of activity and sensitive bacteria do not become resistant. Based on these results, bovicin HC5 may be a useful bacteriocin model. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02745.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 001IT UT WOS:000234527500018 PM 16405697 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM Hinton, A AF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM Hinton, A TI Growth-inhibiting effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of Bacillus mojavensis and other biocontrol Bacillus species SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus atrophaeus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus mojavensis; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus vallismortis; biological control; bacterial endophyte; fumonisin; fusaric acid; Fusarium verticillioides; mycotoxin; Paenibacillus lentimorbus; Paenibacillus popilliae; Zea mays ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SP-NOV; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; SUBTILIS; OXYSPORUM; MONILIFORME; STRAINS; TOMATO AB Aims: To determine the effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of several strains of the biocontrol bacterial endophyte Bacillus mojavensis and other species within the Bacillus subtilis group, as well as the genetic relationships within this small group of Gram-positive bacteria, and their antagonisms to Fusarium verticillioides, which produce fusaric acid. Methods and Results: The growth of 50 Bacillus strains and species were tested at two concentrations of fusaric acid determined in maize infected by an isolate of F. verticillioides. Molecular characterizations of the strains and species of bacteria were determined with an automated ribotyper. The growth of bacteria measured under both concentrations with an automated turbidometer, Bioscreen, indicated that fusaric acid was toxic to most strains of the bacterial endophyte B. mojavensis. However, the effects of these two concentrations on other Bacillus species varied in that fusaric acid was either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic to most species. Conclusions: These data indicate that the concentrations of fusaric acid are inhibitory to the growth of most Bacillus species, some of which are used as biocontrol agents. This suggests that the endophytic and saprophytic states of F. verticillioides and other Fusarium species cannot be controlled by fusaric-acid-sensitive Bacillus species. Significance and Impact of the Study: Mycotoxic Fusarium species, such as F. verticillioides, are competitive because all produce fusaric acid, which is inhibitory to biocontrol bacteria, and mutants tolerant to fusaric acid must be developed in order to be effective on biocontrol bacteria. C1 USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1365-26672.2005.02770.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 001IT UT WOS:000234527500020 PM 16405699 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG Donovan, MJ Liow, PS Chan, WK Greenfield, BK Shonkoff, SB Andrews, SP AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GG Donovan, MJ Liow, PS Chan, WK Greenfield, BK Shonkoff, SB Andrews, SP TI Evaluation of waterhyacinth survival and growth in the Sacramento Delta, California, following cutting SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eichorrinia crassipes; mechanical control; aquatic plant management ID CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; JOAQUIN DELTA; LAKE; WATERHYACINTH; MACROPHYTES AB Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), is a serious problem in the Sacramento Delta, currently managed with herbicides and to a lesser extent biological control insects. The search for alternative methods continues. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that waterhyacinth would not survive treatments made by three types of cutting machines mounted on boats and thus result in open water areas. Waterhyacinth mats were treated by machines 1 and 2 during September, 2003 at Lambert Slough, south of Sacramento, California and at the Dow Wetlands, near Antioch, California. In June 2004, machine 3 cut plants in the Dow Wetlands. Machine I sheared off the leaves resulting in many plant fragments and plants that consisted of floating stem bases with intact root systems. The cutting motions of machines 2 and 3 differed and these machines produced numerous plant fragments along with ramets that had been split along a vertical axis into nearly intact ramets with broken leaves. Plants collected immediately after the treatments and grown either in situ or in tubs in Davis, California began to produce new leaves within one week of treatment. Leaf production rates were higher for cut than for un-cut plants. Similarly, plant dry weight increased over the course of the experiments. All of the plants survived in the tub experiments and 65% of them survived in field enclosures for at least six weeks. At Lambert Slough, > 50% of the surface was covered by floating plant debris (2446 g dry weight m(-2) and 1589 g dry weight m(-2)) after four and six weeks even though the expectation was that the material would sink and decompose within three weeks. Cutting waterhyacinth with the three machines evaluated in this Study did not immediately (i.e., within six months) produce weed free areas of open water in habitats typical of those found in the Sacramento/Sanjoaquin Delta. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Sci Teaching Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Greenfield, Ben/A-2029-2015 OI Greenfield, Ben/0000-0003-1038-7635 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 BP 50 EP 60 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 037UO UT WOS:000237173000008 ER PT J AU Heaton, JS Kiester, AR Meyers, SM AF Heaton, J. S. Kiester, A. R. Meyers, S. M. TI LizLand: A geomorphic approach to lizard habitat modeling in the Mojave Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Mojave Desert; geomorphic landforms; habitat model; Aspidoscelis tigris; Callisaurus draconoides; Uta stansburiana ID COLORADO RIVER LIZARDS; SAND DUNE HABITATS; CALLISAURUS-DRACONOIDES; UTA-STANSBURIANA; POPULATION VIABILITY; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; IGUANID LIZARDS; ECOLOGY AB The macro-habitat preferences of three conspicuous and widely distributed species of lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris, Callisaurus draconoides, and Uta stansburiana) were examined across four geomorphic landforms (sandy wash, rocky wash, alluvial plain, and alluvial deposit) in the southern Mojave Desert, California. All three species were non-randomly distributed across the four geomorphic landforms. The goal of this study was to develop less ecologically generalized habitat models (LizLand) than the vegetation-based wildlife-habitat relationship models in the California Gap Analysis Program (CA-GAP). Conceptually, LizLand is a geomorphological approach to habitat modeling in and environments. Specifically, LizLand is a series of spatially explicit habitat models that define and predict habitat for A. tigris, C. draconoides, and U. stansburiana in Joshua Tree National Park and the Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command, Marine Corp Air Ground Combat Center. LizLand models resulted in higher resolution habitat models with minimal reduction in model accuracy. These models more accurately captured the complexity of the Mojave Desert ecosystem and offered greater ecological resolution in identifying habitat in contrast to the CA-GAP models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Heaton, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jheaton@gis.unr.edu NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PY 2006 VL 67 SU S BP 202 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.028 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123WY UT WOS:000243328700012 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Lichtenstein, AH AF Erkkila, AT Lichtenstein, AH TI Fiber and cardiovascular disease risk - How strong is the evidence? SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; diet; fiber; fruits; serum lipids; vegetables; whole grains ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; DIETARY FIBER; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY AB Dietary fiber consists of edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine. Fiber can be classified as a dietary source (eg, cereal, fruit, vegetable, or legume) or as a supplement. Based on chemical properties, fiber can be divided to water-soluble (eg, beta-glucans, pectin, and guar) and insoluble (eg, cellulose and lignin) forms. An increasing number of observational findings have reported a lower incidence of coronary heart disease in subjects who report consuming diets high in fiber. Dietary fiber is thought to affect several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Soluble fiber decreases serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and improves insulin resistance. The effect of fiber on inflammatory markers and coagulation is not yet well established. While soluble, gel-forming fiber has beneficially affected CVD risk factors, food sources of mainly insoluble fibers, primarily contributed by cereal products, have been the most consistently associated with lower incidence rates of CVD. Despite this contradiction, the evidence promotes a food-based approach favoring increased intake of whole-grain cereals, fruit, and vegetables providing a mixture of different types of fibers for CVD prevention. C1 Univ Kuopio, Dept Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Erkkila, AT (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM arja.erkkila@uku.fi NR 66 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0889-4655 J9 J CARDIOVASC NURS JI J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing GA 046XL UT WOS:000237844300006 PM 16407729 ER PT J AU Gadaleta, A Giancaspro, A Blechl, A Blanco, A AF Gadaleta, A Giancaspro, A Blechl, A Blanco, A TI Phosphomannose isomerase, pmi, as a selectable marker gene for durum wheat transformation SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pmi; bar; Triticum turgidum; marker gene ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; PLANTS; SELECTION; RESISTANCE; MANNOSE; EXPRESSION; HYGROMYCIN; VECTORS AB Transgene technology provides a powerful tool for developing traits that are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional methods. The development of transgenic plants requires the use of selectable marker genes, as the efficiency of plant transformation is less than optimal for many important species, especially for monocots such as durum wheat (Tritictan turgidum var. durum). Many concerns have been expressed about the persistence of currently used marker genes in plants used for field cultivation. To sustain further progress in this area, alternative efficient selection methods are desirable. A recent development is the use of selective genes that give transformed cells a metabolic advantage (positive selection) compared to untransformed cells, which are slowly starved with a concomitant reduction in growth and viability. This selection strategy is in contrast to traditional negative selections during which the transgenic cells are able to survive on a selective medium whereas the non-transgenic cells are actively killed by the selective agent. We compared the 'selection efficiency' of a commonly used negative selection method that employs the Streptornyces hygroscopicus bar gene to confer resistance to the herbicide bialaphos, to a positive selection employing the Escherichia coli phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene as the selectable gene and mannose as the selective agent. Calli derived from immature embryos of the durum wheat cultivar Svevo were bombarded separately with bar and pmi genes using a biolistic system. The integration and expression of the two genes in the To generation were confirmed by PCR analysis with specific primers for each gene and the chlorophenol red assay, respectively. The selection efficiency, calculated as the number of expressing plants divided by the number of total regenerants, was higher when pini was used as the selectable marker gene (90.1%) than when bar was used (26.4%). Thus, an efficient selection method for durum wheat transformation was established that obviates the use of herbicide resistance genes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Dept Environm & Agroforestry Biol & Chem, Genet & Plant Breeding Sect, I-70126 Bari, Italy. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gadaleta, A (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dept Environm & Agroforestry Biol & Chem, Genet & Plant Breeding Sect, Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM agata.gadaleta@agr.uniba.it RI gadaleta, agata/H-2627-2012; OI BLANCO, ANTONIO/0000-0002-2222-1133 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.06.004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 002RU UT WOS:000234629900003 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL Halaweish, FT Hubert, MB Weimer, PJ AF Kronberg, SL Halaweish, FT Hubert, MB Weimer, PJ TI Interactions between Euphorbia esula toxins and bovine ruminal microbes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; ingenol; leafy spurge; ruminal fermentation; toxicity ID LEAFY SPURGE; CATTLE; SHEEP; METABOLISM; INGENOL; FERMENTATION; EXPLANATION; DITERPENES; RANGELAND; AVERSION AB Cattle generally avoid grazing leafy spurge (LS; Euphorbia esula), whereas sheep and goats will often eat it. Understanding metabolism of toxic phytochemicals in LS by bovine rumen microflora may help explain why cattle often develop aversions to LS after initially eating it. Toxicity of LS compounds after in vitro fermentation with normal vs. antibiotic-modified bovine rumen digesta was evaluated at different lengths of fermentation. Levels of toxic and aversion-inducing ingenols were determined for fermented and nonfermented mixtures of LS and bovine rumen digesta, and the toxicity of an aversion-inducing extract of LS to rumen microbial species that are common in cattle, sheep, and goats was evaluated. Fermentation of LS with bovine digesta increased the toxicity of extracted compounds. Introduction of neomycin (an antibiotic that preferentially inhibits gram-negative bacteria) into the LS and bovine rumen digesta mixtures did not appear to affect toxicities regardless of fermentation length. Levels of ingenol were observed in LS and bovine digesta mixtures (both fermented and nonfermented) that were consistent with levels of ingenols reported for LS. Finally, a toxic extract of LS had little or no negative effect on the growth of several common species of rumen bacteria. The results indicate that LS is not generally toxic to the ruminal bacteria, but that microbial activity in the rumen may be responsible for enhancing LS toxicity to cattle. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, W River Agr Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Kronberg@mandan.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9348-9 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020IK UT WOS:000235902000002 PM 16525867 ER PT J AU Leal, WS Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Cosse, AA Murata, Y Bento, JMS Vilela, EF AF Leal, WS Parra-Pedrazzoli, AL Cosse, AA Murata, Y Bento, JMS Vilela, EF TI Identification, synthesis, and field evaluation of the sex pheromone from the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal; (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal; (Z)-7-hexadecenal; Z7,Z11,E13-16Ald; Z7,Z11-16Ald; Z7-16Ald; Gracillariidae; Lepidoptera ID LEPIDOPTERA AB Using male antenna as the sensing element, three electroantennographic detection (EAD)-active peaks were detected from pheromone gland extracts of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella. Based on gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-infrared data, the semiochemicals were tentatively identified as a novel pheromone, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, a previously identified attractant, (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal, and (Z)-7-hexadecenal in a ratio of 30:10:1, respectively. Identification was confirmed with synthetic compounds, which gave retention times identical to those of the natural products on three capillary columns with polar and nonpolar phases. While traps baited only with the previously identified attractant alone did not catch any males in Brazil, binary and tertiary mixtures with the major constituents caught significantly more male moths than traps baited with five virgin females. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Leal, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wsleal@ucdavis.edu RI Bento, Jose Mauricio/A-9759-2008; OI Bento, Jose Mauricio/0000-0001-8655-5178; Leal, Walter/0000-0002-6800-1240 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s10886-006-9358-7 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020IK UT WOS:000235902000011 PM 16525876 ER PT J AU Liu, DY Lawrence, ML Gorski, L Mandrell, RE Ainsworth, AJ Austin, FW AF Liu, DY Lawrence, ML Gorski, L Mandrell, RE Ainsworth, AJ Austin, FW TI Listetia monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III possess distinct molecular features SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUTATIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VIRULENCE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; ASSAY AB A collection of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III were examined by PCR and Southern blot analysis using species-, virulence-, and serotype-specific primers and probes. Whereas four serotype 4b lineage I strains reacted in PCR with the serotype 4b-, 4d-, and 4e-specific ORF2110 and virulence-specific lmo1134 and lmo2821 primers, all nine serotype 4b lineage III strains were negative by ORF2110 and lmo1134 primers. In addition, the nine serotype 4b lineage III strains formed two separate groups through their reactions in PCR with virulence-specific lmo2821 primers. Southern blot analysis using species- specific lmo0733 and virulence-specific lmo2821 gene probes largely confirmed the PCR results. These findings indicate that L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III possess distinct molecular features. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, ARS, Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, DY (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM liu@cvm.msstate.edu RI Liu, Dongyou/A-4499-2008 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 214 EP 217 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.1.214-217.2006 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008NT UT WOS:000235048400031 PM 16390972 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Greenlee, JJ Richt, JA AF Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Greenlee, JJ Richt, JA TI Experimental second passage of chronic wasting disease (CWDmule (deer)) agent to cattle SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; chronic wasting disease (CWD); deer; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AGENT; MULE DEER; DIAGNOSIS; SHEEP; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; FAILURE AB To compare clinicopathological findings in first and second passage chronic wasting disease (CWDmule (deer)) in cattle, six calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain tissue derived from a first-passage CWD-affected calf in an earlier experiment. Two uninoculated calves served as controls. The inoculated animals began to lose both appetite and weight 10-12 months later, and five subsequently developed clinical signs of central nervous System (CNS) abnormality. By 16.5 months, all cattle had been subjected to euthanasia because of poor prognosis. None of the animals showed microscopical lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) but PrPres was detected in their CNS tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and rapid Western blot (WB) techniques. Thus, intracerebrally inoculated cattle not only amplified CWS PrPres from mule deer but also developed clinical CNS signs in the absence of SE lesions. This situation has also been shown to occur in cattle inoculated with the scrapie agent. The study confirmed that the diagnostic techniques currently used for diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the US would detect CWD in cattle, should it occur naturally. Furthermore, it raised the possibility of distinguishing CWD from BSE in cattle, due to the absence of neuropathological lesions and to a distinctive multifocal distribution of PrPres, as demonstrated by IHC which, in this study, appeared to be more sensitive than the WB technique. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 134 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.07.001 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 018AC UT WOS:000235734100008 PM 16423572 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Isobe, S Tomasula, PM Cooke, PH AF Onwulata, CI Isobe, S Tomasula, PM Cooke, PH TI Properties of whey protein isolates extruded under acidic and alkaline conditions SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pH; extrusion; whey protein isolates; electrolyzed water ID BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN GELS; EXTRUSION-COOKING; SOY PROTEINS; PH; TEXTURIZATION; PRODUCTS; GELATION; MILK AB Whey proteins have wide acceptance and use in many products due to their beneficial nutritional properties. To further increase the amount of whey protein isolates (WPI) that may be added to products such as extruded snacks and meats, texturization of WPI is necessary. Texturization changes the folding of globular proteins to improve interaction with other ingredients and create new functional ingredients. In this study, WPI pastes (60% solids) were extruded in a twin-screw extruder at 100 C with 4 pH-adjusted water streams: acidic (pH 2.0 +/- 0.2) and alkaline (pH 12.4 +/- 0.4) streams from 2 N HCl and 2 N NaOH, respectively, and acidic (pH 2.5 +/- 0.2) and alkaline (pH 11.5 +/- 0.4) electrolyzed water streams; these were compared with WPI extruded with deionized water. The effects of water acidity on WPI solubility at pH 7, color, microstructure, Rapid Visco Analyzer pasting properties, and physical structure were determined. Alkaline conditions increased insolubility caused yellowing and increased pasting properties significantly. Acidic conditions increased solubility and decreased WPI pasting properties. Subtle structural changes occurred under acidic conditions, but were more pronounced under alkaline conditions. Overall, alkaline conditions increased denaturation in the extruded WPI resulting in stringy texturized WPI products, which could be used in meat applications. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Food Engn Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM conwulata@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 993RH UT WOS:000233972100007 PM 16357269 ER PT J AU Quigley, JD Wolfe, TA Elsasser, TH AF Quigley, JD Wolfe, TA Elsasser, TH TI Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health, growth, and selected blood metabolites in calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; milk replacer; growth; health ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS; BODY-COMPOSITION; DAIRY CALVES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NEONATAL CALVES; FACTOR-ALPHA; PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; SERUM AB The objective of the experiment was to evaluate effects of increased milk replacer feeding on growth, intake, feed efficiency, and health parameters in stressed calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 120; approximately 3 to 8 d of age) were purchased from sale barns and dairy farms and housed in fiberglass hutches. In addition, wood shavings contaminated with coronavirus were mixed with clean shavings and added to each hutch before the start of the experiment. Calves were fed either a fixed amount (454 g/d) of a 20% crude protein (CP), 20% fat milk replacer to weaning at 28 d or a variable amount ( 454, 681, 908, and 454 g/d on d 0 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 31, and 32 to 41, respectively) of a milk replacer containing 28% CP and 17% fat without or with added dietary supplement containing bovine serum. Calves were also fed commercial calf starter and water ad libitum. Plasma IgG concentration in most calves on arrival at the facility was <10 g/L. Intake, change in body weight, feed efficiency, morbidity and mortality, and selected plasma metabolites were determined. Body weight at 28 d, 56 d, daily body weight gain, intake of milk replacer, fecal scores, days with diarrhea, and days treated with antibiotics were increased with feeding variable amount of milk replacer over the 56-d study. Starter intake from d 1 to 56 was reduced from 919 to 717 g/d in calves fed fixed and variable amounts of milk replacer, respectively. Morbidity, measured as the number of days that calves had diarrhea, was increased by 53% when a variable amount of milk replacer was fed. Calves fed variable milk replacer were treated with antibiotics for 3.1 d compared with 1.9 d for calves fed 454 g of milk replacer/d. Concentrations of plasma glucose, urea N, and insulin-like growth factor-I were increased when calves were fed variable amount of milk replacer. Dietary supplement containing bovine serum had no effect on any parameter measured. There was no effect of milk replacer feeding on concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, total protein, or growth hormone concentrations. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha was highest in calves with the highest plasma IgG concentrations on the day of arrival and might be related to the calf's ability to identify pathogens in the environment. Under conditions of this study, calves fed variable amount of milk replacer and exposed to immunological challenge before weaning had greater BW gain, but also increased incidence of diarrhea that required added veterinary treatments. C1 APC Inc, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Quigley, JD (reprint author), Diamond V Mills Inc, Cedar Rapids, IA 52407 USA. EM jquigley@diamondv.com NR 30 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 993RH UT WOS:000233972100022 PM 16357284 ER PT J AU Kalscheur, KF Baldwin, RL Glenn, BP Kohn, RA AF Kalscheur, KF Baldwin, RL Glenn, BP Kohn, RA TI Milk production of dairy cows fed differing concentrations of rumen-degraded protein SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen-degraded protein; nitrogen efficiency; protein requirement; milk urea nitrogen ID NITROGEN-EXCRETION; RUMINAL DIGESTION; UREA NITROGEN; FEED-INTAKE; CARBOHYDRATE; MODELS; LEVEL; DIETS AB Thirty-two multiparous and 16 primiparous Holstein cows in midlactation averaging 126 d in milk were used to determine the effects of rumen-degraded protein (RDP) concentration on lactation performance. Cows were assigned to diets in a repeated Latin square design with 3-wk experimental periods. Diets were formulated to provide 4 concentrations of dietary RDP [6.8, 8.2, 9.6, and 11.0% of dry matter (DM)] while rumen-undegraded protein remained constant (5.8% of DM). Diets contained 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate ( DM basis). Ingredients within diets were equal across treatments except for ground corn, soybean meal, and ruminally protected soybean meal. Dry matter intake was not affected by treatment. Milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield all increased linearly when cows were fed diets with greater RDP. Milk fat and protein concentration each increased by 0.16 percentage units for cows fed 11% RDP compared with 6.8% RDP. Milk protein yield increased by 0.19 g/d for every 1 g/d increase in crude protein supplied mainly as RDP. As RDP increased, the efficiency of N use declined linearly. Milk urea N increased linearly when cows were fed increasing amounts of RDP, indicating increased losses of N via urine. Feeding deficient RDP diets to dairy cows can decrease nitrogen excretion, but it also decreases lactation performance. These data show an environmental benefit from underfeeding RDP to dairy cows according to National Research Council requirements, but at a financial cost to the dairy producer. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kohn, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rkohn@umd.edu NR 26 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 993RH UT WOS:000233972100026 PM 16357288 ER PT J AU Hare, E Norman, HD Wright, JR AF Hare, E Norman, HD Wright, JR TI Trends in calving ages and calving intervals for dairy cattle breeds in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breed; calving age; calving interval; parity ID GENETIC EVALUATION; FERTILITY; COWS AB Trends since 1980 for calving age and calving interval, 2 factors that influence herd life, were examined by parity for 5 breeds of US dairy cattle. Calving data were from cows with records that passed edits for USDA genetic evaluations and were in herds that remained on Dairy Herd Improvement test. First-calf heifers calved at progressively younger ages over time, but the age decline was less for later parities because of longer calving intervals. Breed differences for calving age were evident for all parities; current mean age at first calving ranged from 24 mo for Jerseys to 28 mo for Ayrshires. Mean calving age across all parities declined over time for all breeds, primarily because of increased turnover rate, and ranged from 48 mo for Holsteins to 54 mo for Ayrshires. Across parity, annual increase in calving interval was reasonably consistent (0.90 to 1.07 d/yr) for all breeds except Jersey (0.49 d/yr). Within parity, regressions of calving interval on year were generally similar to overall breed trend. Breed means for first calving interval across time ranged from 390 d for Jerseys to 407 d for Brown Swiss. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov NR 13 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 993RH UT WOS:000233972100039 PM 16357301 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Bresee, RR Sachinvala, ND Crook, L Muenstermann, U Watzl, A Gillespie, D AF Parikh, D. V. Bresee, Randall R. Sachinvala, Navzar D. Crook, Legrand Muenstermann, U. Watzl, Alfred Gillespie, Don TI Basis weight uniformity of lightly needled hydroentangled cotton and cotton blend webs SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article AB New nonwoven products containing cotton and Lyocell (Trademarked, Tencel), low temperature thermal-bondable bicomponent olefin/polyester, or comber noils were developed using needlepunching and spunlacing (hydroentanglement). Webs containing five different blends were prepared by either light needlepunching, or light needlepunching followed by hydroentangling. We acquired detailed basis weight uniformity measurements to learn about processing and the influence of fiber blend composition on web uniformity. Basis weight uniformity was evaluated without regard to web direction ("Total" uniformity), along the machine direction (MD uniformity) and across the cross direction (CD uniformity) at numerous size resolutions. We observed that blending manufactured fibers (either Tencel or olefin/polyester) with bleached cotton and comber noil substantially improved basis weight uniformity of both types of nonwovens. We also observed that subjecting needled webs to hydroentangling significantly improved Total and MD uniformities. C1 [Parikh, D. V.; Sachinvala, Navzar D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Bresee, Randall R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Crook, Legrand] John D Hollingsworth Wheels, Greenville, SC 29602 USA. [Muenstermann, U.; Watzl, Alfred; Gillespie, Don] Fleissner GmbH, D-63329 Eglesbach, Germany. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA V65EH UT WOS:000204405100004 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Olson, DM AF Marti, OG Olson, DM TI Neozygites fresenii (Entomophthorales : Neozygitaceae) prevalence in Aphis gossypii (Homoptera : Aphididae) in three south central Georgia cotton fields SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neozygites fresenii; Aphis gossypii; cotton; aphid; Georgia; fungus ID PEST AB The presence of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, and the incidence of its fungal pathogen, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Batko, were monitored with pan traps, plant sampling, and sticky traps in three south central Georgia cotton fields in the early part of the 2002 growing season. Aphids were trapped in low numbers (<10/trap/sampling date) in fields 1 and 2 until 17 June when the aphid population increased to >60/trap/sampling date. A similar increase was observed in field 3 after 21 June. Differences observed in the three fields were attributed to differences in planting date. Aphids in sticky traps were counted but not examined for pathogenic fungi. Aphids were detected in pan traps as early as 4 May, but all were negative for N. fresenii until 10 June, after which the mean incidence of the fungus increased rapidly to a peak of >60% by 27 June. The aphid population as determined by plant sampling increased logarithmically between 3 June and 8 July, whereas the increase in incidence of N. fresenii was exponential, with all of the observed increase occurring after 10 June. Multiple generations of the fungus developed between its first detection in aphids in mid-June to the peak of the epizootic on or after 8 July. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM omarti@tifton.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 023NK UT WOS:000236133300003 ER PT J AU Shanower, TG Waters, DK AF Shanower, TG Waters, DK TI A survey of five stem-feeding insect pests of wheat in the northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat stem sawfly; Cephus cinctus; wheat stem maggot; Meromyza americana; Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; wheat jointworm; Tetramesa tritici; wheat strawworm; Tetramesa grandis; survey ID HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; SAWFLY HYMENOPTERA; SPRING WHEAT; CEPHIDAE; CECIDOMYIIDAE; PARASITISM; MAGGOT; DAMAGE AB The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, the wheat stem maggot, Meromyza americana Fitch, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), the wheat jointworm, Tetramesa tritici (Fitch), and the wheat strawworm, Tetramesa grandis (Riley), have long been considered wheat pests in the northern Great Plains. This paper reports results of surveys for these pests conducted over 3 yrs in parts of Montana (10 counties), North Dakota (14 counties), South Dakota (1 county), Nebraska (4 counties) and Wyoming (11 county). Fields were randomly selected and a mean of 191 stems were sampled from each field. The percentage of stems infested with each pest was recorded. The percentage of parasitized wheat stem sawfly larvae also was noted. The wheat stem sawfly, wheat stem maggot, and Hessian fly were the most commonly encountered pests, recorded in nearly every county. Wheat stem sawfly density was twice that of wheat stem maggot (7% vs 3.2%) in infested fields. Wheat stem sawfly densities exceeded 10% in 4 counties: Daniels and Wibaux in MIT, Golden Valley, ND and Goshen, WY. Wheat stem sawfly parasitism was low and positively correlated with sawfly infestation. Wheat stem maggot infestations were low (<11% for all fields), averaging 3.2% among infested fields. Hessian fly densities were much lower (2.2% among infested fields) than reported elsewhere in the U.S. The wheat jointworm and strawworm were absent from most fields and only occasionally found at low levels (<1% and <3.5% respectively, among infested fields). This information will help to prioritize wheat insect pest management research and extension programs in this region. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM tshanower@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 023NK UT WOS:000236133300005 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Dabney, CP AF Fettig, CJ Dabney, CP TI Seasonal abundance of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera : Trogositidae) collected in western pine beetle pheromone-baited traps in northern California SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; Temnochila chlorodia; Enoclerus lecontei; Enoclerus sphegeus; Pinus ponderosa; flight periodicity; seasonal abundance ID DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS COLEOPTERA; FIELD RESPONSES; SCOLYTIDAE; PREDATORS; MONOTERPENES; SPECIFICITY; COMPONENTS; FRONTALIN; CLERIDAE; ETHANOL AB Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are commonly recognized as the most important mortality agent in western coniferous forests. In this study, we describe the abundance of bark beetle predators collected in multiple-funnel traps baited with exo-brevicomin, frontalin and myrcene in northern California during 2003 and 2004. A total of 32,903 Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim), 79 Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott), and 12 E sphegeus (F) were collected. The seasonal abundance of E lecontei and E sphegeus was not analyzed because too few individuals were collected. In general, T. chlorodia was most abundant in late spring, but a second smaller peak in activity was observed in late summmer. Overall, the ratio of males to females was 0.82. A significant temporal effect was observed in regard to sex ratios with more males collected during later sample periods. Temnochila chlorodia flight activity patterns were similar between years, but activity was generally delayed several weeks in 2003. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 023NK UT WOS:000236133300009 ER PT J AU Horn, S Horn, GN AF Horn, S Horn, GN TI New host record for the Asian ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Xylosandrus crassiusculus; Asimina triloba; Asian ambrosia beetle; ambrosia beetles; host record C1 US Forest Serv, So Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shorn01@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 023NK UT WOS:000236133300012 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE AF Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE TI Quaternized agricultural by-products as anion exchange resins SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural by-products; anion exchange resins; anion adsorption; quaternization; cellulose; lignin ID QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM GROUPS; LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIALS; ION-EXCHANGE; CATIONIZATION; ADSORPTION; MEAL AB The objectives of this study were the chemical modification of readily available, low-cost agricultural by-products to anion exchange resins and the selection of the best modified by-product for further use in anion removal. Resins were prepared through the quaternization of a series of 12 agricultural by-products with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trim ethyl ammonium chloride (CHMAC). Phosphate ion adsorption assays were conducted at pH 7 in order to compare adsorption properties among the by-products. Quaternized corn stover showed the highest phosphorus adsorption at 0.66 mmole/g. Since corn stover exhibited the best uptake of phosphate ion, it was compared to a commercially available, cellulose-based anion exchange resin. Additionally, adsorption capacities of quatemized corn stover for arsenate, chromate, and selenate were evaluated and adsorption efficiencies were determined in simulated wastewater samples. Our results indicate that modified corn stover demonstrates good adsorption uptake for arsenate and selenate and especially for chromate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Wartelle, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM wartelle@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.12.008 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008PN UT WOS:000235053300006 PM 16144735 ER PT J AU Sommer, AP Pavlath, AE AF Sommer, AP Pavlath, AE TI Nanobioaerosols - reconsidering agricultural irrigation in a warming world SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PRIMORDIAL PROTEINS; POSSIBLE PROVENANCE; PART II; NANOBACTERIA; HIV; THUNDERCLOUDS; REPLICATION; BIOSYSTEMS AB Nanobacteria are best described as 60 - 300 nm nanovesicles. In the body they collect calcium and phosphate to form apatite, adhere to cells, or invade them - processes regulated by a slime based on proteins (primordial proteins). A versatile functionality realized with a minimum of properties equips nanobacteria with a unique survival potential. They were identified in humans, animals, wastewater and the stratosphere. In South Africa they were detected in people infected with HIV. Models indicate that they boost the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 virus. Experiments showed that they are excreted via urine, explaining their presence in the environment. Eradication would be virtually impossible if they had an extraterrestrial origin, implying a permanent bombardment from space. Whereas the biological status of nanobacteria is still not clarified, we postulate here that the native habitat of nanobacteria are mammals, suggesting that at least modern species have their origin on Earth. The thesis results from mapping functions and properties of the slime, and could facilitate the localisation of nanobacterial reservoirs, identification of local distribution routes and tracking of global transport cycles. Agricultural irrigation with water containing excreta from humans infected with nanobacteria could be a central disseminator of the nanobioaerosols. C1 Univ Ulm, Cent Inst Biomed Engn, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sommer, AP (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Cent Inst Biomed Engn, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM samoan@gmx.net NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1039/b512496d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021NN UT WOS:000235990000002 PM 16528417 ER PT J AU McGinn, SM Flesch, TK Harper, LA Beauchemin, KA AF McGinn, SM Flesch, TK Harper, LA Beauchemin, KA TI An approach for measuring methane emissions from whole farms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Estimates of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants are typically measured by confining animals in large chambers, using head hoods or masks, or by a ratiometric technique involving sampling respired air of the animal. These techniques are not appropriate to evaluate large-scale farm emissions and the variability between farms that may be partly attributed to different farm management. This study describes the application of an inverse-dispersion technique to calculate farm emissions in a controlled tracer-release experiment. Our study was conducted at a commercial dairy farm in southern Alberta, Canada (total of 321 cattle, including 152 lactating dairy cows). Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and CH4 were released from 10 outlet locations (barn and open pens) using mass-flow controllers. A Lagrangian stochastic (LS) dispersion model was then used to infer farm emissions from downwind gas concentrations. Concentrations of SF6 and CH4 were measured by gas chromatography analysis and open path lasers, respectively. Wind statistics were measured with a three-dimensional sonic anemometer. Comparing the inferred emissions with the known release rate showed we recovered 86% of the released CH, and 100% of the released SF6. The location of the concentration observations downwind of the farm was critically important to the success of this technique. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP McGinn, SM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, POB 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM mcginn@agr.gc.ca NR 11 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0250 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000004 PM 16391273 ER PT J AU Wood, YA Meixner, T Shouse, PJ Allen, EB AF Wood, YA Meixner, T Shouse, PJ Allen, EB TI Altered ecohydrologic response drives native shrub loss under conditions of elevated nitrogen deposition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL SAGE-SCRUB; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DESERT SOILS; VEGETATION CONVERSION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; EXOTIC GRASSES; WATER-MOVEMENT; UNITED-STATES; ROOT SYSTEMS; NEW-MEXICO AB Many regions of southern California's coastal sage scrub (CSS) are rapidly declining as exotic annual plants replace native shrubs. During this conversion, the subsurface hydrology of the semiarid hill-slopes that support CSS may be altered. This could chronically suppress the ability of native shrubland to revegetate the landscape since ecosystem processes of nutrient availability and of seedling establishment rely on spatial patterns of available soil water. In this work, soil water and nutrient N regimes were compared over a 2-yr period between a southern California site where CSS has declined (approximately 5% shrub cover) with high additions of anthropogenic N, and one where CSS remains dominant (over 50% shrub cover) with predominantly background atmospheric additions of N. These two sites have similar climate, bedrock lithology, soils, and topography, and had the same vegetation type (Riversidean CSS) 30 years ago. We found that the depth and rate of rainwater percolation into wildland hillslope soils in response to early-season storm events has been greatly reduced after loss of CSS shrubs and vegetation type conversion to invasive grassland. With decreased rainwater redistribution to soil depths of 100 to 150 cm, the predominant zone of soil water has become the upper 25 cm. This shift exacerbates vegetation type conversion by (i) concentrating smog-produced nitrogenous (N) chemicals in the uppermost soil, where they become readily available, along with high soil water, to shallow-rooted exotic grasses early in the growing season and (ii) depriving adult and juvenile shrubs of deeper regolith water. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wood, YA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM yvonne.wood@ucr.edu NR 70 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 76 EP 92 DI 10.2134/jecl2004.0465 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000010 PM 16391279 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, RS AF Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, RS TI Trihalomethane reactivity of water- and sodium hydroxide-extractable organic carbon fractions from peat soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PERCENT AROMATIC CARBON; AQUATIC FULVIC-ACID; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; THM PRECURSOR; CHLORINATION; DOC; NOM AB Certain organic carbon moieties in drinking source waters of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta can react with chlorine during disinfection to form potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic trihalomethanes. The properties of reactive organic carbon in Delta waters, particularly those of soil origin, have been poorly understood. This study aftempts to characterize trihalomethane reactivity of soil organic carbon from three representative Delta peat soils. Soil organic carbon was extracted from all three soils with either deionized H(2)O or 0.1. M NaOH and sequentially separated into humic acids, fulvic acids, and nonhumic substances for quantitation of trihalomethane formation potential. Water-extractable organic carbon represented only 0.4 to 0.7% of total sod organic carbon, whereas NaOH extracted 38 to 51% of total soil organic carbon. The sizes and specific trihalomethane formation potential (STHMFP) of individual organic carbon fractions differed with extractants. Fulvic acids were the largest fraction in H(2)O(_) extractable organic carbon, whereas humic acids were the largest fraction in NaOH-extractable organic carbon. Among the fractions derived from H(2)O-extractable carbon, fulvic acids had the greatest specific ultraviolet absorbance and STHMFP and had the majority of reactive organic carbon. Among the fractions from NaOH-extractable organic carbon, humic acids and fulvic acids had similar STHMFP and, thus, were equally reactive. Humic acids were associated with the majority of trihalomethane reactivity of NaOH-extractable organic carbon. The nonhumic substances were less reactive than either humic acids or fulvic acids regardless of extractants. Specific ultraviolet absorbance was not a good predictor of trihalomethane reactivity of organic carbon fractions separated from the soils. C1 Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Sci, Municipal Water Qual Invest Program Branch, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Sci, Environm Water Qual & Estuarine Studies Branch, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. RP Guo, FM (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Sci, Municipal Water Qual Invest Program Branch, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. EM fguo@water.ca.gov RI Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [K12GM00679] NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0394 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000013 PM 16391282 ER PT J AU Shappell, NW AF Shappell, NW TI Estrogenic activity in the environment: Municipal wastewater effluent, river, ponds, and wetlands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID E-SCREEN ASSAY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; SEWAGE; ESTRADIOL; VITELLOGENIN; ESTUARINE; INDUCTION; HORMONES; PLASMA AB Estrogenic activity of regional water samples was evaluated. Samples obtained from wetlands and ponds involved in various agricultural land uses, from three river sites over four seasons, and from municipal wastewater effluent held in storage lagoons were evaluated. The estrogen-responsive cell line MCF-7 BOS was used in the E-screen assay to determine 17 beta-estradiol equivalents (E-2 Eq) of water samples extracted by solid-phase extraction. Estrogenic activity in surrounding wetlands and ponds from different land uses was not different, with 10(-12) M E-2 Eq (0.3 ppt). Estrogenic activity of Red River samples was within the same range as wettand-pond samples. The highest activity was found downstream from municipal wastewater treatment effluent discharge sites, in winter when river flow was lowest (approximately 6 X 10(-13) M E-2 Eq). Results showed that 7 of 20 wetland-pond samples and 5 of 12 river samples were below the limits of quantitation (approximately 3 X 10(-14) M E-2 Eq). Toxicity was found in fall and summer river samples upstream from municipal wastewater release sites. The timing of toxicity did not coincide to the presence of elevated fecal coliforms. Estrogenic activity in wastewater effluent from lagoons decreased over time (approximately 25 to 5 X 10(-13) M E-2 Eq) with an apparent half-life of 8 d for one lagoon. The median concentration of detectable estrogenic activity in regional water samples was approximately 50-fold less than the median 17 beta-estradiol concentration of estradiol detected in some U.S. streams in previous studies. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Anim Metab Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shappell, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Anim Metab Unit, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shappeln@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0464 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000014 PM 16391283 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Whittaker, GW Dierksen, KP Azevedo, MD Kennedy, AC Griffith, SM Steiner, JJ AF Banowetz, GM Whittaker, GW Dierksen, KP Azevedo, MD Kennedy, AC Griffith, SM Steiner, JJ TI Fatty acid methyl ester analysis to identify sources of soil in surface water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PROFILES; BIOMASS; MANAGEMENT; FALLOW AB Efforts to improve land-use practices to prevent contamination of surface waters with soil are limited by an inability to identify the primary sources of soil present in these waters. We evaluated the utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of dry reference soils for multivariate statistical classification of soils collected from surface waters adjacent to agricultural production fields and a wooded riparian zone. Trials that compared approaches to concentrate soil from surface water showed that aluminum sulfate precipitation provided comparable yields to that obtained by vacuum filtration and was more suitable for handling large numbers of samples. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were developed from reference soils collected from contrasting land uses in different seasons to determine whether specific fatty acids would consistently serve as variables in multivariate statistical analyses to permit reliable classification of soils. We used a Bayesian method and an independent iterative process to select appropriate fatty acids and found that variable selection was strongly impacted by the season during which soil was collected. The apparent seasonal variation in the occurrence of marker fatty acids in FAME profiles from reference soils prevented preparation of a standardized set of variables. Nevertheless, accurate classification of soil in surface water was achieved utilizing fatty acid variables identified in seasonally matched reference soils. Correlation analysis of entire chromatograms and subsequent discriminant analyses utilizing a restricted number of fatty acid variables showed that FAME profiles of soils exposed to the aquatic environment still had utility for classification at least.1. wk after submersion. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0048 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000015 PM 16391284 ER PT J AU Warren, JG Phillips, SB Mullins, GL Keahey, D Penn, CJ AF Warren, JG Phillips, SB Mullins, GL Keahey, D Penn, CJ TI Environmental and production consequences of using alum-amended poultry litter as a nutrient source for corn SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; IRON AMENDMENTS; BROILER LITTER; RUNOFF; SULFATE; SOLUBILITY; NITROGEN; PHYTASE; CALCIUM AB Field trials were established to compare alum-treated poultry litter (ATPL), normal poultry litter (NPL), and triple superphosphate (TSP) as fertilizer sources for corn (Zea mays L.) when applied at rates based on current litter management strategies in Virginia. Trials were established in the Costal Plain and Piedmont physiographic regions near Painter and Orange, VA, respectively. Nitrogen-based applications of ATPL or NPL applied at rates estimated to supply 173 kg of plant-available nitrogen (PAN) ha(-1) resulted in significantly lower grain yields than treatments receiving commercial fertilizer at the same rate in 2000 and 2001. at Painter. These decreases in grain yield at the N-based application rates were attributed to inadequate N availability, resulting from overestimates of PAN as demonstrated by tissue N concentrations. However, at Orange no treatment effects on grain yield were observed. Applications of ATPL did not affect Al concentrations in corn ear-leaves at either location. Exchangeable soil Al concentrations were most elevated in treatments receiving only NH4NO3 as an N source. At N-based application rates, the ATPL resulted in lower Mehlich 1-extractable P (M1-P) and water-extractable soil phosphorus (H2O-P) concentrations compared to the application of NPL. A portion of this reduction could be attributed to lower rates of P applied in the N-based ATPL treatments. Runoff collected from treatments which received ATPL 2d before conducting rainfall simulations contained 61 to 71% less dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) than treatments receiving NPL. These results show that ATPL may be used as a nutrient source for corn production without significant management alterations. Alum-treated poultry litter can also reduce the environmental impact of litter applications, primarily through minimizing the P status of soils receiving long-term applications of litter and reductions in runoff DRP losses shortly after application. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Warren, JG (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 33446 Res Dr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. EM jawarre.1@vt.edu NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0418 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000019 PM 16391288 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Loughrin, JH Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB TI Reduction of malodorous compounds from a treated swine anaerobic lagoon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIVESTOCK WASTES; ELECTRONIC NOSE; NORTH-CAROLINA; PIGGERY WASTES; ODOR CONTROL; MANURE; EMISSIONS; OLFACTOMETRY; AMMONIA AB There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with anaerobic lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as a demonstration project on one of three 4360-pig (Sus scrofa) production units in a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. Once the treatment plant was operational, flow of raw manure into the unit's corresponding lagoon was discontinued and the lagoon was used to store treated wastewater. Water quality was monitored in the converted lagoon and in the two conventional lagoons. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure concentration of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) in liquid lagoon samples. Dramatic improvements in the water quality parameters TKN, NH3-N, solids, COD, and BOD in the converted waste lagoon paralleled reductions in malodorous compounds. Nine months after conversion, identified malodorous compounds in liquid extractions averaged 6.6 and 38.8 ng mL(-1) in water from the converted lagoon and the conventional lagoons, respectively. The reduction was particularly marked for p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, and skatole, all of which make important contributions to swine waste odors due to their characteristic odors and low detection thresholds. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM jloughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0035 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000021 PM 16391290 ER PT J AU Atwill, ER Pereira, MDC Alonso, LH Elmi, C Epperson, WB Smith, R Riggs, W Carpenter, LV Dargatz, DA Hoar, B AF Atwill, ER Pereira, MDC Alonso, LH Elmi, C Epperson, WB Smith, R Riggs, W Carpenter, LV Dargatz, DA Hoar, B TI Environmental load of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from cattle manure in feedlots from the central and western United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATED BUFFER STRIPS; SOUTHEASTERN NEW-YORK; ADULT BEEF-CATTLE; RISK-FACTORS; DAIRY CALVES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; TRANSPORT; GIARDIA; HERDS AB The first step in assessing the risk of water contamination by Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from feedlot cattle (Bos taurus) production systems is to quantify the number of C parvum oocysts present in the fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the daily environmental load of C parvum oocysts in fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle from across the central and western USA. Our secondary goal was to genotype isolates of C. parvum from feedlot cattle to help facilitate proper identification of mammalian sources of waterborne C parvum. Based on 5274 fecal samples from 22 feedlots in seven states (California, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and South Dakota), we estimated a point prevalence of C. parvum of 0.99 to 1.08% in fecal material from feedlot pens from a wide range of climates and a diverse range of feedlot management systems. On average, fresh fecal material from throughout feedlot systems (recent arrivals to nearing slaughter) contained about 1.3 to 3.6 oocysts/g feces, which roughly translates to about 2.8 X 10(4) to 1.4 X 10(5) oocysts/anitual per day. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. USDA, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA, Austin, TX 78701 USA. USDA, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. USDA, Ctr Natl Anim Hlth Surveillance, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Atwill, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. EM ratwill@vmtrc.ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0099 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000022 PM 16391291 ER PT J AU Harper, LA Weaver, KH Dotson, RA AF Harper, LA Weaver, KH Dotson, RA TI Ammonia emissions from swine waste lagoons in the Utah Great Basin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; DINITROGEN AB In animal production systems (poultry, beef, and swine), current production, storage, and disposal techniques present a challenge to manage wastes to minimize the emissions of trace gases within relatively small geographical areas. Physical and chemical parameters were measured on primary and secondary lagoons on three different swine farming systems, three replicates each, in the Central Great Basin or the United States to determine ammonia (NH3) emissions. Nutrient concentrations, lagoon water temperature, and micrometeorological data from these measurements were used with a published process model to calculate emissions. Annual cycling of emissions was determined in relation to climatic factors and wind speed was round the predominating factor when the lagoon temperatures were above about 3 degrees C. Total NH3 emissions increased in the order of smallest to largest: nursery, sow, and finisher farms. However, emissions on an animal basis increased from nursery animals being lowest to sow animals being highest. When emissions were compared to the amount of nitrogen (N) fed to the animals, NH3 emissions from sows were lowest with emissions from finisher animals highest. Ammonia emissions were compared to similar farm production systems in the humid East of the United States and found to be similar for finisher animals but had much lower emissions than comparable humid East sow production. Published estimates of NH3 emissions from lagoons ranged from 36 to 70% of feed input (no error range) compared to our emissions determined from a process model of 9.8% with an estimated range of +/- 4%. C1 USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. So Utah Univ, Div Chem, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. RP Harper, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, JPCSNRCC, 140 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM lharper@uga.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.2134/jeq2004.0288 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000025 PM 16397098 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Williams, MJ Coleman, SW Starks, R AF Sigua, GC Williams, MJ Coleman, SW Starks, R TI Nitrogen and phosphorus status of soils and trophic state of lakes associated with forage-based beef cattle operations in Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF; PASTURES; INDEX AB Forage-based livestock systems have been implicated as major contributors to deteriorating water quality, particularly for phosphorus (P) from commercial fertilizers and manures affecting surface and ground water quality. Little information exists regarding possible magititudes of nutrient losses from pastures that are managed for both grazing and hay production and how these might impact adjacent bodies of water. We examined the changes that have occurred in soil fertility levels of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.)-based beef cattle pastures (n = 4) in Florida from 1988 to 2002. These pastures were managed for grazing in spring followed by having in late summer and were fertilized annually with P (39 kg P2O5 ha(-1)) and K (68 kg K2O ha(-1)). Additionally, we investigated trends in water quality parameters and trophic state index (TSI) of lakes (n = 3) associated with beef cattle operations from 1993 to 2002. Overall, there was no spatial or temporal buildup of soil P and other crop nutrients despite the annual application of fertilizers and daily infield loading of animal waste. In fact, soil fertility levels showed a declining trend for crop nutrient levels, especially soil P (y = 146.57 - 8.14 x year; r(2) = 0.75), even though the fields had a history of P fertilization and the cattle were rotated into the legume fields. Our results indicate that when nutrients are not applied in excess, cow-calf systems are slight exporters of P, K, Ca, and Mg through removal of cut hay. Water quality in lakes associated with cattle production was "good" (30 - 46 TSI) based on the Florida Water Quality Standard. These findings indicate that properly managed livestock operations may not be major contributors to excess loads of nutrients (especially P) in surface water. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. USDA, NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Resources Data Sect, Tampa, FL 33637 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0246 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000027 PM 16397100 ER PT J AU Nkedi-Kizza, P Shinde, D Savabi, MR Ouyang, Y Nieves, L AF Nkedi-Kizza, P Shinde, D Savabi, MR Ouyang, Y Nieves, L TI Sorption kinetics and equilibria of organic pesticides in carbonatic soils from South Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; CONCEPTUAL MODELS; CULTIVATED SOILS; ADSORPTION; CHEMICALS; DIURON; MATTER; ACID AB A batch reactor was used to determine sorption kinetic parameters (k(2), F, and K*) and the equilibrium sorption coefficient (K). The two-site nonequilibrium (TSNE) batch sorption kinetics model was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. Two probe organic pesticides, atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylantino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] and diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea] were studied using three carbonatic soils from South Florida (Chekika, Perrine, and Krome), one noncarbonatic soil from Iowa (Webster), and one organic soil (Lauderhill) from South Florida. Carbonatic soils contained more than 600 g kg(-1) CaCO3. Sorption is initially very fast up to 3 h and then slowly reaches equilibrium. All soil-chemical combinations reached sorption equilibrium after about 24 h and all sorption isotherms were linear. The sorption kinetics data were well described by the TSNE model for all soil-chemical combinations except for the marl soil data (Perrine-Atrazine), which were better described by the one-site nonequilibriurn (OSNE) model. Diuron, with higher K, undergoes slower sorption kinetics than atrazine. The Lauderhill soil containing organic carbon (OC) of 450 g kg(-1) exhibited slowest sorption kinetics for both pesticides. An inverse relationship between k(2) and K was observed for atrazine and diuron separately in Chekika, Webster, and Lauderhill soils but not in Perrine and Krome soils. The sorption kinetic parameters were used to distinguish the sorption behavior between atrazine and diuron and to identify differences between soils. Normalizing the sorption coefficient (K) to OC showed that atrazine and diuron had K., values in carbonatic soils that were a third of reported literature values for noncarbonatic soils. Using existing literature K-oc values in solute transport models will most likely underestimate the mobility of atrazine, diuron, and other neutral organic chemicals in carbonatic soils. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. RP Nkedi-Kizza, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Kizza@ifas.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0140 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009BB UT WOS:000235085000029 PM 16397102 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Shaw, G AF Ashworth, D. J. Shaw, G. TI A comparison of the soil migration and plant uptake of radioactive chlorine and iodine from contaminated groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cl-36; I-129; radioactive waste disposal; iodine speciation; redox potential; organochlorine ID SURFACE WATER-TABLE; RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT; CROP UPTAKE; VOLATILIZATION; SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENTS; MOVEMENT; MOBILITY; SORPTION; CL-36 AB A 6-month soil column experiment was conducted to compare the upward migration and plant uptake of radiochlorine and radioiodine from shallow, near-surface contaminated water tables. Both fixed and fluctuating water tables were studied. After 6 months, Cl-36 activity concentrations were relatively uniform throughout the soil profile apart from an accumulation at the soil surface, which was especially marked under a fluctuating water table scenario. In contrast, 1251 (a surrogate for 1291) tended to accumulate at the boundary between the anoxic conditions at the base of the column and the oxic conditions above, due to its redox-dependent sorption behaviour. The uptake of Cl-36 by perennial ryegrass was much greater than that of 125 1 due to its greater migration into the rooting zone and its ready availability in soil solution. In the context of radioactive waste disposal, where these radionuclides may potentially be released into groundwater, Cl-36 would be expected to present a greater potential for contamination of the biosphere than I-129. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 61 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.03.006 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 063BH UT WOS:000238990400005 PM 16716463 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Szogi, AA AF Loughrin, JH Szogi, AA TI Free fatty acids and sterols in swine manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE coprostanol; epicoprostanol; fecal; phytosterol; pig ID ENERGY-PRODUCTION; DIGESTIBILITY; REPRODUCTION; BIOMARKER; EFFLUENT; HUMANS; WATER AB Free fatty acids and sterols were assessed in fresh manure and anaerobic lagoon sludge from swine production facilities in North Carolina. Eight free fatty acids and five sterols were identified and quantified in both manure and sludge samples. Compound identification was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and compound quantities were determined by gas chromatography after solid phase extraction with a 50:50 mixture of diethyl ether and hexane. The free fatty acids occurring in greatest abundance in both fresh manure and lagoon sludge were palmitic, oleic, and stearic. Free fatty acid content in fresh manure ranged from approximately 3 mu g g(-1) dry weight (dw) to over 45 mu g g(-1) dw. In lagoon sludge, free fatty acid content ranged from about 0.8 mu g g(-1) dw to nearly 4 mu g g(-1) dw. Coprostanol and epicoprostanol were the sterols in largest concentrations in fresh manure and lagoon sludge samples. Total sterol content ranged from approximately 0.5 mu g g(-1) dw to around 11 mu g g(-1) dw in fresh manure and from 3.5 mu g g(-1) dw to almost 9 mu g g(-1) dw in lagoon sludge. Fresh manure and lagoon sludge both had high levels of inorganic cations (e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe) capable of binding free fatty acids and forming insoluble complexes, thereby potentially reducing fatty acid biodegradation. In anaerobic lagoons, sterols are an organic fraction of sludge that are resistant to bacterial degradation. In the case of fresh manure, fatty acids could represent a potential source of energy via the manufacture of biodiesel fuel, if efficient means for their extraction and transesterification can be devised. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Loughrin, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. EM jloughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1080/03601230500234877 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999KI UT WOS:000234387800003 PM 16393893 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Anderson, RC Ratliff, AL Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kim, WK Anderson, RC Ratliff, AL Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Growth inhibition by nitrocompounds of selected uric acid-utilizing microorganisms isolated from poultry manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE uric acid-utilizing microorganisms; nitrocompounds; ammonia; poultry manure ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ETHYL-ALCOHOL; AMMONIA; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; FEED AB The overall objective of this studywas to evaluate the potential ability of nitrocompounds to reduce ammonia volatilization by inhibiting uric acid-utilizing microorganisms. Experiment I was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrocompounds on the growth of uric acid - utilizing microorganisms isolated from poultry manure during six-hour incubation. There were five treatments: (1) control, (2) 50 mM nitroethane, (3) 50 mM nitroethanol, (4) 50 mM nitropropanol, and (5) 50 mM nitropropionic acid. Optical density values of nitrocompounds were significantly lower than that of control at two, four, and six hours. Plate counts of uric acid - utilizing microorganisms after six- hour incubation exhibited that nitrocompounds greatly reduced the growth of these microorganisms except for the nitroethane (P < 0.05). The nitropropanol and nitropropionic acid treatments showed significantly higher inhibitory effects compared to the nitroethanol. Experiments II and III were conducted to evaluate inhibitory effects of nitrocompounds on growth of uric acid- utilizing microorganisms compared to non- nitrocompounds such as ethanol, propanol, and propionic acid. Experiments II and III consisted of seven treatments: (1) control, (2) nitroethanol, (3) nitropropanol, (4) nitropropionic acid, (5) ethanol, (6) propanol, and (7) propionic acid. The incubation times of Experiments II and III were 6 and 24 h, respectively. The nitrocompounds were significantly more successful in inhibiting growth of uric acid-utilizing microorganisms compared to those nonnitrocompounds. These results suggest that nitrocompounds exhibit potential to reduce ammonia volatilization in poultry manure by inhibiting growth of uric acid-utilizing microorganisms. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sricke@poultry.tamu.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1080/03601230500234950 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 999KI UT WOS:000234387800008 PM 16393898 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Lemley, AT AF Wang, QQ Lemley, AT TI Reduced adsorption of ametryn in clay, humic acid, and soil by interaction with ferric ion under Fenton treatment conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE ametryn; adsorption; ferric ion; triazine; triazinone; herbicide; humic acid; kaolinite; soil ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SURFACE-WATER; GROUND-WATER; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; DETOXIFICATION; INSECTICIDES; OPTIMIZATION; DESORPTION AB Previous work in our laboratory indicated a weak interaction between ferric ion and several triazine/triazinone herbicides during a Fenton treatment process, and the intensity of the interaction was calculated. To further support the existence of this weak interaction, the adsorption of ametryn, a triazine herbicide, was investigated in kaolinite clay, humic acid, and soil under pseudo-Fenton conditions. At a low addition rate of ferric ion, the adsorption of ametryn in clay, humic acid, and soil was enhanced due to the decreased pH resulting from the hydrolysis of ferric ion. But the pH effect was totally neutralized and the adsorption of ametryn was significantly reduced by further addition of ferric ion, demonstrating the existence of the weak interaction between ametryn and ferric acid. Further study showed that the adsorption-reduction effect of ferric ion existed not only with ametryn but also with several other triazine/triazinone herbicides. This weak interaction may accelerate the desorption process during the remediation of triazine/triazinone herbicide-contaminated soil using a Fenton/Fenton-like treatment, but it may also impede the degradation of these herbicides. C1 Cornell Univ, Grad Field Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Lemley, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, TXA, MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ATL2@cornell.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1080/03601230500354766 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012AG UT WOS:000235310000002 PM 16484083 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Rice, PJ Seebinger, J AF Koskinen, WC Rice, PJ Seebinger, J TI Experimental variability in characterization of cyfluthrin sorption to soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Cyfluthrin; sorption; batch equilibration method ID K-D; CYPERMETHRIN; DESORPTION; RUNOFF; DELTAMETHRIN; PYRETHROIDS; PESTICIDES; POLLUTANTS; PERMETHRIN; PARTITION AB To assess the risk of a pesticide to leach to groundwater or to run off to surface water after application, it is necessary to characterize the sorption of the pesticide to soil. For pyrethroids, their hydrophobicity, strong sorption to various materials, and low solubility make it difficult to accurately characterize sorption processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the variability in cyfluthrin ((RS)-alpha-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl (1 RS ,3 RS ;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) sorption to soil as affected by experiment conditions. To minimize cyfluthrin sorption on the walls of glass, silanized-glass, stainless steel, and PTFE centrifuge tubes, cyfluthrin solution was added to aqueous soil slurries or directly to soil, after which it was equilibrated with aqueous solution. Depending on the soil, variation in sorption coefficients, K-oc, obtained using different experimental methodologies with one soil can be comparable to the variation in Koc values obtained for soils with different physical and chemical properties using one method. Koc values for cyfluthrin ranged from 56,000 to 300,000 L kg(-1) . Sorption methodology needs to be evaluated before sorption coefficients are used in predictive transport models. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Cir,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@sumn.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1080/03601230600591390 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 038NE UT WOS:000237228400001 PM 16753952 ER PT J AU Antonious, GF Jarret, RL AF Antonious, GF Jarret, RL TI Screening capsicum accessions for capsaicinoids content SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE hot peppers; fruit extracts; capsaicin; dihydrocapsaicin; mass spectra; pungency ID TOMATO; PEPPER; LEAVES AB Ninety Capsicum accessions selected from the USDA Capsicum germplasm collection were screened for their capsaicinoids content using gas hromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC/NPD). Fresh fruits of Capsicum chinense , C. frutescens, C. baccatum, C. annuum , and C. pubescens were extracted with methanol and analyzed for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin. Mass spectrometry of the fruit crude extracts indicated that the molecular ions at m/z 305, 307, and 293, which correspond to capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin, respectively, have a common benzyl cation fragment at m/z 137 that can be used for monitoring capsaicinoids in pepper fruit extracts. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were the dominant capsaicinoids detected. Capsaicin concentrations were typically greater than dihydrocapsaicin. Concentrations of total capsaicinoids varied from not detectable to 11.2 mg fruit(-1) . Statistical analysis revealed that accession PI-441624 (C. chinense ) had the highest capsaicin content (2.9 mg g(-1) fresh fruit) and accession PI-497984 (C. frutescens) had the highest dihydrocapsaicin content (2.3 mg g(-1) fresh fruit). Genebank accessions PI-439522 (C. frutescens ) and PI-497984 contained the highest concentrations of total capsaicinoids. C1 Kent State Univ, Land Grant Program, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA USA. RP Antonious, GF (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Land Grant Program, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 218 Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM george.antonious@kysu.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 717 EP 729 DI 10.1080/03601230600701908 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 055AI UT WOS:000238420600018 PM 16785178 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Ochsner, TE Stephens, BM Kookana, RS AF Koskinen, William C. Ochsner, Tyson E. Stephens, Brandon M. Kookana, Rai S. TI Sorption of isoxaflutole diketonitrile degradate (DKN) and dicamba in unsaturated soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE isoxaflutole; diketonitrile degradate; dicamba; sorption; unsaturated transient flow; batch equilibration method ID FIELD-MOIST SOILS; TRANSIENT FLOW METHOD; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION AB When analyzing the sorption characteristics of weakly sorbing or labile pesticides, batch methods tend to yield a high margin of error attributable to errors in concentration measurement and to degradation, respectively. This study employs a recently developed unsaturated transient flow method to determine the sorption of isoxaflutole's herbicidally active diketonitrile degradate (DKN) and dicamba. A 20-cm acrylic column was packed with soils with varied texture that had been uniformly treated with C-14-labeled chemical. The antecedent solution herbicide in equilibrium with sorbed phase herbicide was displaced by herbicide-free water, which was infiltrated into the column. Sorption coefficients, K-d, were obtained from a plot of total herbicide concentration in the soil versus water content in the region where the antecedent solution accumulated. DKN K-d were values similar to 2-3 times (average K-d = 0.71 L kg(-1)) greater using the unsaturated transient flow method as compared to the batch equilibration method in clay loam (K-d = 0.33 L kg(-1)), but similar for the two methods in sand (0.12 vs 0.09 L kg(-1)) soils. Dicamba K-d values were 3 times greater using the unsaturated transient flow method as compared to the batch equilibration method in the clay loam soil (0.38 vs 0.13 L kg(-1)), however, the K-d values were the same for the two methods in the sand (similar to 0.06 L k(-1)). This demonstrates that to determine sorption coefficients for labile hydrophilic pesticides, an unsaturated transient flow method may be a suitable alternative to the batch method. In fact, it may be better in cases where transport models have overpredicted herbicide leaching when batch sorption coefficients have been used. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Ctr,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu RI Kookana, Rai/A-5170-2012; OI Kookana, Rai/0000-0002-0477-3284; Stephens, Brandon/0000-0001-7351-2750 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1071 EP 1083 DI 10.1080/03601230600850903 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 075YH UT WOS:000239923000002 PM 16923592 ER PT J AU Antonious, GF Kochhar, TS Jarret, RL Snyder, JC AF Antonious, George F. Kochhar, Tejinder S. Jarret, Robert L. Snyder, John C. TI Antioxidants in hot pepper: Variation among accessions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Capsicum spp; phytochemicals; ascorbic acid; total phenols; free sugars; capsaicin ID CULTIVAR; FOODS AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) pepper (Capsicum spp.) germplasm collection contains several thousand members or accessions. Many of these species and cultivars have not been analyzed for their concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, and total phenolic compounds, which are important antioxidants having a number of benefits for human health. The objective of this investigation was to select candidate accessions of hot pepper having high concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, free sugars, and total phenols for use as parents in breeding for these compounds. Seventeen accessions of pepper from the core Capsicum germplasm collection (four accessions of Capsicum chinense; five accessions of C. baccatum; six accessions of C. annuum; and two of C. frutescens) were field grown and their mature fruits were analyzed for their antioxidant composition. Concentrations of these compounds tended to be higher in C. chinense and C. baccatum, than in C. annuum and C. frutescens. Across all accessions the concentration of total phenols was correlated with ascorbic acid (r = 0.97) and free sugars (r = 0.80). Concentrations of total phenols (1.4, 1.3, and 1.3 mg g(-1) fruit) and ascorbic acid (1.6, 1.2, and 1.3 mg g(-1) fruit) were significantly greater in PI-633757, PI-387833, and PI-633754, respectively, compared to other accessions analyzed. Total capsaicinoids concentrations were greatest (1.3 mg g(-1) fruit) in PI-438622 and lowest (0.002 mg g(-1) fruit) in Grif-9320. The great variability within and among Capsicum species for these phytochemicals suggests that these selected accessions may be useful as parents in hybridization programs to produce fruits with value-added traits. C1 Kentucky State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. Kentucky State Univ, Dept Biol, Frankfort, KY USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Antonious, GF (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Land Grant Program, 218 Atwood Res Ctr,400 E Main St, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM george.antonious@kysu.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2006 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1237 EP 1243 DI 10.1080/03601230600857114 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 075YH UT WOS:000239923000013 PM 16923603 ER PT J AU Li, XD Fayer, R AF Li, Xunde Fayer, Ronald TI Infectivity of microsporidian spores exposed to temperature extremes and chemical disinfectants SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 20-24, 2006 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; WATER; VIABILITY C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2006 VL 53 SU 1 BP S77 EP S79 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00180.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 109LP UT WOS:000242309900027 PM 17169075 ER EF