FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Obreza, TA Schumann, AW AF Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Obreza, TA Schumann, AW TI Nitrogen best management practice for citrus trees - I. Fruit yield, quality, and leaf nutritional status SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE groundwater quality; nitrate in drinking water; nitrogen leaching; nitrogen removal by the crop; nitrogen uptake efficiency; optimal irrigation; critical nutrient concentrations; luxury consumption of nutrients ID CENTRAL FLORIDA RIDGE; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; CAPACITANCE PROBES; LEACHING LOSSES; ORANGE TREES; SANDY SOILS; IRRIGATION; BALANCE; IMPACT AB Elevated levels of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in the surficial aquifer above the drinking water quality standard, i.e. maximum contaminant limit (MCL; 10 mg L-1), have been reported in some part of central Florida citrus production regions. Soils in this region are very sandy (sand content > 95%), hence are vulnerable to leaching of soluble nutrients and chemicals below the rooting depth of the trees. The objective of this research was to develop N and irrigation best management practices for citrus in sandy soils to maintain optimal crop yield and quality, and to minimize potential leaching of nitrate below the root zone. Six years of field experiment was conducted in a high productive (mean fruit yield > 80 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1)) > 20-year-old 'Hamlin' orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on 'Cleopatra mandarin' (Citrus reticulata Blanco) rootstock grown on a well drained Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) in Highland county, FL Nitrogen rates ranged from 112 to 280 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) applied as fertigation (FRT), water soluble granular (WSG), 50:50 mix of FRT and WSG, and controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). Tensiometers were used to monitor the soil water content as a basis to schedule optimal irrigation. Fruit yield response over the entire range of N rates was greater for the FRT and WSG sources as compared to that for the WSG + FRT or CRF sources. Using the regression analysis of the fruit yield in relation to N rate, the optimum N rate appeared to be at 260 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Based on fruit production response in this study, the N requirement for production of I Mg of fruit varied from 2.2 to 2.6 kg across four N sources. This study demonstrated an increased N uptake efficiency, as a result of best management of N and irrigation applications. The optimal N and K concentration in the 4-6-month-old spring flush leaves were 26-30, and 15-18 g kg(-1). respectively. However, fruit yield response showed no significant relationship with concentrations of P in the 4-6-month-old spring flush leaves over a range of 0.8-2.4 g kg(-1). The results of fate and transport of N in soil and in soil solution with application of different rates and sources of N, and components of citrus tree N budget, are reported in a companion paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Savannah State Univ, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov; siva@savstate.edu; taob@mail.ifas.ufl.edu; awschumann@crec.ifas.ufl.edu NR 49 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 3 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.05.017 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 009IS UT WOS:000235105800003 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, AP Adamczyk, JJ Ponsard, S Ellis, CK AF Gutierrez, AP Adamczyk, JJ Ponsard, S Ellis, CK TI Physiologically based demographics of Bt cotton-pest interactions - II. Temporal refuges, natural enemy interactions SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE model; Bt cotton; pests; natural enemies; resistance; refuges; risk ID PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS-TOXIN; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSGENIC INSECTICIDAL CORN; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; SHORT-SEASON COTTON; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AB An holistic demographic physiologically based age-mass structured model of transgenic Bt cotton expressing one or two toxin of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) and 10 of its pests as affected by generalist natural enemies is developed. The goal of the model is to assess factors favoring the development of resistance in pest species. Among the pest included in the model are the pink bollworm (a primary pest of cotton), and several secondary pests of the family Noctuidae (tobacco budworm, A bollworm, fall armyworm, beet armyworm, cabbage looper, soybean looper) as well as a plant bug, boll weevil and whitefly. The pests have widely varying tolerance to the toxin. Resistance to the Bt toxin is assumed recessive, autosomal and controlled by a single diallelic gene. Spatial refuges of non-Bt cotton have been mandated to increase heterozygosity in Bt cotton, but spatial refuges may exist for many pest species in non-Bt and/or sylvan hosts. In addition, temporal refuges may arise within Bt cotton due to innate pest tolerance to the toxin that increases A with larval age, and variable toxin concentrations in the plant over time and with plant subunit age. Mortality rates and non-lethal effects that increase larval developmental time and decrease adult fecundity vary with Bt toxin concentration. All genotypes are affected but resistant genotypes are assumed less affected than susceptible ones. The effects of spatial and temporal refuges on the development of resistance and pest densities in one and two toxin cottons are examined over several consecutive seasons. Resistance to Bt toxin is more likely to develop in stenophagous highly susceptible pests such as pink bollworm and budworm than in polyphagous highly tolerant pests such as fall armyworm, beet armyworm and soybean looper that have large temporal refuges that slow and possibly reverse resistance development. A Predator longevity feeding on Bt intoxicated prey is decreased ca. 28% [Ponsard, S., Gutierrez, A.P., Mills, N.J., 2002. Effects A of Bt-toxin in transgenic cotton on the adult longevity of four heteropteran predators. Environ. Entomol. 31, 1197-1205.] creating tradeoffs between the mortality caused by the toxin and that due to reduced predation. Despite reduced natural enemy efficacy, levels of susceptible pests (budworm) are reduced, while levels of Bt tolerant and immune pests (e.g. fall armyworm, Lygus) increase. The use of pesticide for supplementary control of tolerant pests in Bt cotton may further disrupts natural enemies and increase pest levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Dynam Biodiversite, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Gutierrez, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, 151 Hillgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carpediem@nature.berkeley.edu NR 144 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 5 PY 2006 VL 191 IS 3-4 BP 360 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.06.002 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007EP UT WOS:000234951600004 ER PT J AU Gallup, CD Olson, DM Edwards, RL Gruhn, LM Winter, A Taylor, FW AF Gallup, CD Olson, DM Edwards, RL Gruhn, LM Winter, A Taylor, FW TI Sr/Ca-Sea surface temperature calibration in the branching Caribbean coral Acropora palmata SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMOMETRY; STRONTIUM; ATLANTIC; RECORDS; REEF; DIAGENESIS; SKELETONS; PACIFIC AB We measured Sr/Ca ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in radial and axial growth of modern Caribbean Acropora palmata corals. Comparison of our results with sea surface temperature (SST) allows radial and axial Sr/Ca-SST calibrations of Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) = 11.30 - 0.07072 x SST (degrees C) and Sr/Ca ( mmol/ mol) = 11.32 - 0.06281 x SST (degrees C), respectively. Application of the calibrations to fossil Acropora palmata from the last glacial maximum in Barbados (Guilderson et al., 1994) imply - 7 degrees C cooler conditions than the present, much larger than the 1 - 1.5 degrees cooling suggested by modern analog technique foraminifera-based estimates (Trend-Staid and Prell, 2002). If the foraminifera-based estimates are correct, then the excess cooling suggested by the Barbados corals could be explained by a 5% shift in the marine Sr/Ca ratio or an addition of similar to 20% abiotic secondary aragonite. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Gallup, CD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM cgallup@d.umn.edu RI Taylor, Frederick/A-2195-2009 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 AR L03606 DI 10.1029/2005GL024935 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010AZ UT WOS:000235156900005 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Poch, SM McMurtry, JP AF Richards, MP Poch, SM McMurtry, JP TI Characterization of turkey and chicken ghrelin genes, and regulation of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor mRNA levels in broiler chickens SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; energy metabolism; feed intake; gene expression; ghrelin; growth hormone; growth hormone secretagogue receptor; pancreas; proventriculus; turkey ID HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FOOD-INTAKE; NEONATAL CHICKS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; OCTANOIC-ACID; BETA-CELLS; INSULIN AB Ghrelin, a peptide hormone produced by the stomach in mammals, stimulates growth hormone release and food intake. Recently, ghrelin was identified and characterized in chicken proventriculus and shown to stimulate growth hormone release but inhibit feed intake. The purpose of this work was to identify and further characterize the ghrelin gene in chickens and in turkeys. Using molecular cloning techniques we have sequenced cDNAs corresponding to chicken (White Leghorn) and turkey ghrelin mRNAs. A total of 844 (chicken) or 869 (turkey) bases including the complete coding regions (CDs), and the 5'- and 3'-untranstated regions (UTRs) were determined. Nucleotide sequence (CDs) predicted a 116 amino acid precursor protein (preproghrelin) for both the chicken and the turkey that demonstrated complete conservation of an N-terminal 'active core' (GSSF) including a serine (position 3 of the mature hormone) known to be a modification (acylation) site important for ghrelin bioactivity. Additional nucleotide sequence was found in the 5'-UTRs of both Leghorn and turkey cDNAs that was not present in broilers or the red jungle fowl. The turkey ghrelin gene, sequenced from genomic DNA templates, contained five exons and four introns, a structure similar to mammalian and chicken ghrelin genes. Ghrelin was highly expressed in proventriculus with much lower levels of expression in other tissues such as pancreas, brain, and intestine. RT-PCR was used to quantify ghrelin mRNA levels relative to 18S rRNA in 3-week-old male broiler chickens. The level of ghrelin mRNA increased in proventriculus in response to fasting but did not decline with subsequent refeeding. Plasma ghrelin levels did not change significantly in response to fasting or refeeding and did not appear to reflect changes in proventriculus ghrelin mRNA levels. Ghrelin mRNA levels declined in broiler pancreas after a 48 h fast and increased upon refeeding. Expression of the gene encoding the receptor for ghrelin (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R) and a variant form was detected in a variety of tissues collected from 3-week-old male broiler chickens possibly suggesting autocrine/paracrine effects. These results offer new information about the avian ghrelin and ghrelin receptor genes and the potential role that this system might play in regulating feed intake and energy balance in poultry. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM richards@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 48 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB 3 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 3 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.09.013 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 005JU UT WOS:000234819200011 PM 16253250 ER PT J AU Hood, E Gooseff, MN Johnson, SL AF Hood, Eran Gooseff, Michael N. Johnson, Sherri L. TI Changes in the character of stream water dissolved organic carbon during flushing in three small watersheds, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION; CONIFEROUS FOREST; WESTERN CASCADES; MATTER; CATCHMENT; DYNAMICS; GEOCHEMISTRY; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM AB [ 1] The hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of forested watersheds to inputs of rainfall and snowmelt can be an indicator of internal watershed function. In this study, we assess how the quantity and quality, both chemical and spectroscopic, of stream water DOC changes in response to a 6-day storm event during the wet season of 2003 in three small (< 1 km(2)) basins in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. The watersheds included one old-growth watershed ( WS02) and two previously logged watersheds ( WS01 and WS10). Prestorm concentrations of DOC ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 mg C L-1 in the three watersheds and increased approximately threefold on the ascending limb of the storm hydrograph. Concentrations of DOC were both highest in the unharvested, old-growth watershed. The specific UV absorbance ( SUVA, 254 nm) of DOC in the three watersheds increased by 9 to 36% during the storm, suggesting that DOC mobilized from catchment soils during storms is more aromatic than DOC entering the stream during baseflow. The increase in SUVA was most pronounced in the previously harvested catchments. Chromatographic fractionation of DOC showed that the percentage of DOC composed of non-humic material decreasing by 9 to 22% during the storm. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of DOC suggest that there was not a pronounced change in the relative proportion of stream water DOC derived from allochthonous versus autochthonous precursor material. Taken together, these results suggest that spectroscopic and chemical characterization of DOC can be used as tools to investigate changing sources of DOC and water within forested watersheds. C1 Univ SE Alaska, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Hood, E (reprint author), Univ SE Alaska, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK USA. EM eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 35 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 3 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G1 AR G01007 DI 10.1029/2005JG000082 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090WX UT WOS:000240985700001 ER PT J AU Birkeland, KW Kronholm, K Logan, S Schweizer, J AF Birkeland, KW Kronholm, K Logan, S Schweizer, J TI Field measurements of sintering after fracture of snowpack weak layers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SLAB AVALANCHE RELEASE; STRENGTH CHANGES; MECHANICS AB This research documents two cases where field workers unintentionally fractured a snowpack weak layer, but no avalanche released. Measurements from before and after the fractures provide unique data sets on the temporal change of snow stability. Shear strength decreased immediately after fracture on both slopes. Subsequent strengthening occurred in both cases, though the rates differed presumably due to the characteristics of the weak layers. Our results have two important implications. First, they suggest the sub-critical weak layer fractures assumed as a prerequisite in some snow slab avalanche release models are transient features, and future modeling efforts must take this into account. Second, they provide insights into interpreting snow stability tests and assessing the stability of slopes with fractured weak layers. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. Norwegian Geotech Inst, Ulleval Stn, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. Colorado Avalanche Informat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, CH-7620 Davos, Switzerland. RP Birkeland, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Box 130, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. EM schweizer@slf.ch RI Schweizer, Jurg/A-3907-2009 OI Schweizer, Jurg/0000-0001-5076-2968 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 AR L03501 DI 10.1029/2005GL025104 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010AW UT WOS:000235156600006 ER PT J AU Al-Jabri, SA Lee, J Gaur, A Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Al-Jabri, SA Lee, J Gaur, A Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI A dripper-TDR method for in situ determination of hydraulic conductivity and chemical transport properties of surface soils SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE soil hydraulic properties; solute transport properties; TDR; solute breakthrough curves ID IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; MASS-EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; INFILTROMETERS; INFILTRATION; PARAMETERS; VOLUME AB Field determined hydraulic and chemical transport properties can be useful for the protection of groundwater resources from land-applied chemicals. Most field methods to determine flow and transport parameters are either time or energy consuming and/or they provide a single measurement for a given time period. In this study, we present a dripper-TDR field method that allows measurement of hydraulic conductivity and chemical transport parameters at Multiple field locations within a short time period. Specifically, the dripper-TDR determines saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s), macroscopic capillary length (lambda(c)), immobile water fraction (theta(im)/theta), mass exchange coefficient (alpha) and dispersion coefficient (D-m). Multiple dripper lines were positioned over five crop rows in a field. Background and step solutions were applied through drippers to determine surface hydraulic conductivity parameters at 44 locations and surface transport properties at 38 locations. The hydraulic Conductivity parameters (K-s, lambda(c)) were determined by application of three discharge rates from the drippers and measurements of the resultant steady-state flux densities at the soil surface beneath each dripper. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to measure the bulk electrical conductivity of the soil during steady infiltration of a salt solution. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) for all sites were determined from the TDR measurements. The K-s and lambda(c) values were found to be lognormally distributed with average values of 31.4 cm h(-1) and 6.0 cm, respectively. BTC analysis produced chemical properties, theta(im)/theta, alpha, and D-m with average values of 0.23, 0.0036 h(-1), and 1220 cm(2) h(-1), respectively. The estimated values of the flow and transport parameters were found to be within the ranges of values reported by previous studies conducted at nearby field locations. The dripper TDR method is a rapid and useful technique for in situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity and solute transport properties. The measurements reported in this study give clear evidence to the occurrence of non-equilibrium water and chemical movement in surface soil. The method allows for quantification of non-equilibrium model parameters and preferential flow. Quantifying the parameters is a necessary step toward determining the influences of surface properties on infiltration, runoff, and vadose zone transport. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Muscat 123, Oman. Univ Tennessee, Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhorton@iastate.edu RI LEE, JAEHOON/D-9758-2014 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.12.016 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 998JE UT WOS:000234313800010 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Anderson, MC French, AN Vickers, D AF Kustas, WP Anderson, MC French, AN Vickers, D TI Using a remote sensing field experiment to investigate flux-footprint relations and flux sampling distributions for tower and aircraft-based observations SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SURFACE FLUXES; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACE; SENSED DATA; FIFE SITE; MODEL; TERRAIN; SCALES; LAYER; HEAT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB During a remote sensing field experiment conducted in the Southern Great Plains in 1997 (SGP97), tower and aircraft-based flux observations were collected over one of the main study sites in central Oklahoma. This is an agricultural region and contains primarily grassland/pasture and winter wheat, which was recently harvested leaving a significant number of fields either as wheat stubble or plowed bare soil. Multi-spectral data obtained by aircraft provided high-resolution (30 in) spatially-distributed vegetation cover and surface temperature information over the study area. The spatial variations in these surface states strongly affect the partitioning of surface fluxes between sensible and latent heat. These data, together with coarser resolution (5 km) satellite data, are used in a remote sensing-based energy balance modeling system that disaggregates flux estimates from 5 km to 30-m resolution. The resulting high-resolution flux maps provide a means for evaluating whether tower and aircraft-based flux measurements sample a full range in flux conditions for this landscape. In addition, this remote sensing-based modeling system can be used to investigate the influence of variability in these key surface states on tower and aircraft measurements through flux-footprint modeling. Under the light wind and unstable conditions that existed during the observations, highest correlation between aircraft and modeled estimated heat and water vapor fluxes were obtained using different flux-footprint estimates. More specifically, the source area for heat was estimated to be much closer to the aircraft flight line than for water vapor. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.05.003 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 998JE UT WOS:000234313800018 ER PT J AU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Hipps, LE Kustas, WP Neale, CMU Prueger, JH AF Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Hipps, LE Kustas, WP Neale, CMU Prueger, JH TI Spatial and temporal variation in evapotranspiration using Raman lidar SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; soil moisture; remote sensing; lidar ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; MOISTURE FIELDS; SURFACE FLUXES; HEAT-FLUX; VARIABILITY; SCATTERING; FOOTPRINT; SCALES; MODEL AB The Los Alamos Raman lidar has been used to make high resolution (25 m) estimates of the evapotranspiration rate over adjacent corn and soybean canopies. The lidar makes three-dimensional measurements of the water vapor content of the atmosphere directly above the canopy that are inverted using Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. This may be used to examine the relationship between evapotranspiration and surface moisture/soil type. Lidar estimates of evapotranspiration reveal a high degree of spatial variability over corn and soybean fields that may be associated with small elevation changes in the area. The spatial structure of the variability is characterized using a structure function and correlation function approach. The power law relationship found by other investigators for soil moisture is not clear in the data for evapotranspiration, nor is the data a straight line over the measured lags. The magnitude of the structure function and the slope changes with time of day, with a probable connection to the amount of evapotranspiration and the spatial variability of the water vapor source. The data used was taken during the soil moisture-atmosphere coupling experiment (SMACEX) conducted in the Walnut Creek Watershed near Ames, Iowa in June and July 2002. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Eichinger, WE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-eichinger@uiowa.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.03.023 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 998JE UT WOS:000234313800019 ER PT J AU Wilson, MA Shukitt-Hale, B Kalt, W Ingram, DK Joseph, JA Wolkow, CA AF Wilson, MA Shukitt-Hale, B Kalt, W Ingram, DK Joseph, JA Wolkow, CA TI Blueberry polyphenols increase lifespan and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE aging; blueberry; Caenorhabditis elegans; lifespan; proanthocyanidin; thermal stress ID HEAT-SHOCK FACTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; C-ELEGANS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RESISTANCE; AGE; DAF-16; METABOLISM AB The beneficial effects of polyphenol compounds in fruits and vegetables are mainly extrapolated from in vitro studies or short-term dietary supplementation studies. Due to cost and duration, relatively little is known about whether dietary polyphenols are beneficial in whole animals, particularly with respect to aging. To address this question, we examined the effects of blueberry polyphenols on lifespan and aging of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, a useful organism for such a study. We report that a complex mixture of blueberry polyphenols increased lifespan and slowed aging-related declines in C. elegans. We also found that these benefits did not just reflect antioxidant activity in these compounds. For instance, blueberry treatment increased survival during acute heat stress, but was not protective against acute oxidative stress. The blueberry extract consists of three major fractions that all contain antioxidant activity. However, only one fraction, enriched in proanthocyanidin compounds, increased C. elegans lifespan and thermotolerance. To further determine how polyphenols prolonged C. elegans lifespan, we analyzed the genetic requirements for these effects. Prolonged lifespan from this treatment required the presence of a CaMKII pathway that mediates osmotic stress resistance, though not other pathways that affect stress resistance and longevity. In conclusion, polyphenolic compounds in blueberries had robust and reproducible benefits during aging that were separable from antioxidant effects. C1 NIA, Neurosci Lab, IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada. NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Wolkow, CA (reprint author), NIA, Neurosci Lab, IRP, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM wolkowca@grc.nia.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011061953, Z01 AG000320-06] NR 42 TC 196 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00192.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 005VW UT WOS:000234853700009 PM 16441844 ER PT J AU Kuhar, TP Mori, K Dickens, JC AF Kuhar, TP Mori, K Dickens, JC TI Potential of a synthetic aggregation pheromone for integrated pest management of Colorado potato beetle SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation pheromone; Colorado potato beetle; integrated pest management; trap crop ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PATTERNS AB 1 The relative number of colonizing adult Colorado potato beetles (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) coming to pitfall traps baited with the aggregation pheromone (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-oct-6-ene-1,3-diol [(S)-CPB I] and the use of the pheromone in a trap crop pest management strategy were evaluated in the field for the first time. 2 More than five-fold more adult L. decemlineata were caught in pitfall traps baited with the pheromone compared with controls. However, attraction to the pheromone diminished after 5 days in the field. 3 In the trap crop management strategy, more colonizing adults were present in pheromone-treated rows of potatoes compared with untreated middle rows. 4 Significantly fewer L. decemlineata egg masses and larvae were found in potato plots that were bordered by pheromone-treated rows, or bordered by imidacloprid + pheromone-treated rows, or rows treated at-planting with imidacloprid compared with untreated (control) potato plots. 5 Densities of L. decemlineata egg masses and larvae and percentage defoliation were significantly lower, and marketable tuber yield significantly higher, in conventional imidacloprid-treated potatoes compared with all other treatments. 6 Although our results demonstrate the potential for use of the aggregation pheromone in the management of L. decemlineata in the field, more research is needed to optimize the release rates of the attractant and incorporate control methods for cohabiting pests. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. Fuji Flavor Co Ltd, Insect Pheromone & Traps Div, Hamura City, Tokyo 2058503, Japan. USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Plant Sci Inst, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuhar, TP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Eastern Shore Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. EM tkuhar@vt.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9555.2006.00286.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021XA UT WOS:000236018000009 ER PT J AU Meyers, TP Luke, WT Meisinger, JJ AF Meyers, TP Luke, WT Meisinger, JJ TI Fluxes of ammonia and sulfate over maize using relaxed eddy accumulation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy accumulation method; LAI; teflon filters ID DRY DEPOSITION; GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; PARTICULATE SULFUR; TOBACCO TRICHOMES; ROUGH SURFACES; NITRIC-ACID; EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE; NITROGEN AB The dry deposition of fine aerosol sulfate and ammonia was measured over maize using the relaxed eddy accumulation method (REA). This micrometeorological method determines the flux by sampling the concentrations in the "updraft" and "downdraft" eddy motions, with the flux being proportional to the difference in concentration between the "up" and "down" concentrations. The fine aerosol fraction and gas phase components were separated using annular denuders followed by filterpacks using Teflon filters. Measurements were made when the leaf area index was low (similar to 1) and later when the canopy was fully developed(LAI similar to 4) to evaluate the role of LAI on the aerosol deposition velocity. The deposition measurements of sulfate aerosol yielded daytime deposition velocities larger than expected (similar to 2 cm s(-1)) from short crops but consistent with other field measurements over forests. Over a young fertilized stand of maize with a leaf area index of similar to 1, large emissions of ammonia were observed for several days following the surface application of urea containing fertilizer. Measurements over a fully developed canopy with a leaf area index of about 4, showed both deposition and emission events. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resource Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyers, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM Tilden.Meyers@noaa.gov; Winston.Luke@noaa.gov; meisingj@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.10.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 045MA UT WOS:000237745000011 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Skinner, RH Rotz, CA AF Corson, MS Skinner, RH Rotz, CA TI Modification of the SPUR rangeland model to simulate species composition and pasture productivity in humid temperate regions SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; grassland model; temperate pastures; botanical composition; plant physiology; sensitivity analysis ID WHITE CLOVER; MEASURED VALUES; GRASSLANDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PREDICTION; COMPONENTS; DIVERSITY; FIXATION; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB Plant, water, and soil components of the Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands model (SPUR 2.4) were incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM 1.2) to represent the growth and competition of multiple plant species in pastures and their effects on pasture productivity and botanical composition in temperate climates. Developed for semi-arid rangelands, SPUR required major adjustment to represent temperate pastures adequately. In particular, the effects of soil moisture on root and shoot mortality and photosynthetic rates were adjusted to represent greater susceptibility of temperate plants to drought. Sensitivity analysis showed that predicted total shoot dry matter appeared most sensitive to photosynthesis and growth parameters in the spring, soil moisture parameters in the summer, and senescence parameters in autumn. Across all seasons, shoot dry matter appeared most sensitive to optimum photosynthetic temperatures, specific leaf area, start and end dates of senescence, maximum nitrogen concentration in live shoots, and a maximum shoot specific growth rate. The revised pasture model incorporated into IFSM was calibrated with 2002 field data from experimental pastures in central Pennsylvania, USA containing primarily orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Predictive accuracy of the model was then further evaluated by comparing 2003 data from the same pastures to simulated production. The integrated submodel predicted soil water content and dry matter production relatively well. It did not achieve a desired degree of accuracy in predicting the dynamics of botanical composition; however, adjustment of SPUR subroutines to allow variable maximum root:shoot ratios and competition for light and water may improve predictions. Further development and use of this integrated model can help researchers improve their understanding of temperate pasture systems, identify gaps in knowledge, and prioritize future research needs. Ultimately, the integrated model could provide more accurate assessment of the influence of management strategies on pasture productivity, animal production, and economics at the whole-farm scale. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd,Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM michael.corson@ars.usda.gov RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 169 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.007 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 989PD UT WOS:000233685200003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Donangelo, CM Zapata, CLV Abrams, SA Spencer, EM King, JC AF O'Brien, KO Donangelo, CM Zapata, CLV Abrams, SA Spencer, EM King, JC TI Bone calcium turnover during pregnancy and lactation in women with low calcium diets is associated with calcium intake and circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; stable isotopes; calcitropic hormones; insulin-like growth factor 1; bone mass ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; HOMEOSTASIS; KINETICS; MASS; ACCUMULATION; ADOLESCENTS; EFFICIENCY; HORMONE AB Background: Few data exist on longitudinal changes in bone calcium turnover rates across pregnancy and lactation. Objective: Our aim was to characterize calcium kinetic variables and predictors of these changes across pregnancy and early lactation in women with low calcium intakes. Design: Stable calcium isotopes were administered to 10 Brazilian women during early pregnancy (EP; weeks 10-12 of gestation), late pregnancy (LP; weeks 34-36 of gestation), and early lactation (EL; 7-8 wk postpartum). Multicompartmental modeling was used to assess the rates of bone calcium turnover in relation to calcium intakes and circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor 1, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Results: Rates of bone calcium deposition increased significantly from EP to LP (P = 0.00 1) and were significantly associated with serum PTH during LP (P <= 0.01). Ratesof bonecalciuni resorption were also higher during LP and EL than during EP (P <= 0.01) and were associated with both PTH (P <= 0.01) and IGF-1 (P <= 0.05) during LP but not during EL. Net balance in bone calcium turnover was positively associated with dietary calcium during EP (P <= 0.01),LP (P <= 0.01), and EL (P <= 0.0 1). The mean (+/- SD) calcium intake was 463 +/- 182 mg/d and, in combination with insulin-like growth factor 1, explained 68-94% of the variability in net bone calcium balance during pregnancy and lactation. Conclusions: Net deficits in bone calcium balance occurred during pregnancy and lactation. Increased dietary calcium intake was associated with improved calcium balance; therefore, greater calcium intakes may minimize bone loss across pregnancy and lactation in women with habitual intakes of < 500 mg calcium/d. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Atlantico, Fac Ciencias Basicas, Ctr Human Nutr, Barranquilla, Colombia. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Lab Growth & Dev, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM jking@chori.org OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 317 EP 323 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 013CN UT WOS:000235387300018 PM 16469990 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Genetic interactions with diet influence the risk of cardiovascular disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Well 100 - Nutrition, Genetics, Inflammation CY NOV 15-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Interleukin Genet Inc, Nutrilite Hlth Inst DE cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; polymorphism; apolipoprotein; apolipoprotein A-I; APOA1; apolipoprotein A-V; APOA5; HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerol; polyunsaturated fatty acids ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PPAR-ALPHA GENE; PLASMA APO-AI; PROMOTER REGION; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; CIII-AIV; LIPID-LEVELS; POLYMORPHISM AB Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are an integral component of the evolutionary process that over millennia have resulted from the interaction between the environment and the human genome. Relatively recent changes in diet have upset this interaction with respect to the nutritional environment, but nutritional science is beginning to better understand the interaction between genes and diet, with the resulting potential to influence cardiovascular disease risk by dietary modification. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genes have been linked to differential effects in terms of lipid metabolism; however, even a simple model of benefit and risk is difficult to interpret in terms of dietary advice to carriers of the various alleles because of conflicting interactions between different genes. The n-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids is underrepresented in our modern diet; much of the benefit of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in studies of various polymorphisms seems to be linked to increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. The nascent science of nutrigenomics faces many challenges; more and better research is needed to clarify the picture, rebut scepticism, and reinvigorate the discussion concerning genetic polymorphism and its interaction with diet. C1 Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu NR 34 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 443S EP 446S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 013CN UT WOS:000235387300041 PM 16470010 ER PT J AU Martin, ASG Obin, MS AF Martin, ASG Obin, MS TI Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Well 100 - Nutrition, Genetics, Inflammation CY NOV 15-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Interleukin Genet Inc, Nutrilite Hlth Inst DE leptin; adiponectin; thiazolidinediones; exercise; obesity; hypertension; stroke; hypercholesterolemia; hypertriglyceridemia; BMI; body mass index; adipose tissue ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CONGENITAL LEPTIN DEFICIENCY; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; REVERSES INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SIGNAL-RELATED KINASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLASMA-PROTEIN AB Recent discoveries, notably of the hormones leptin and adiponectin, have revised the notion that adipocytes are simply a storage depot for body energy. Instead, adipocytes are also endocrine organs, with multiple metabolic roles in regulating whole-body physiology. Small adipocytes in lean individuals promote metabolic homeostasis; the enlarged adipocytes of obese individuals recruit macrophages and promote inflammation and the release of a range of factors that predispose toward insulin resistance. Exercise activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in muscle and other tissues, a pathway that increases fat oxidation and glucose transport. Importantly, the adipocyte hormones leptin and adiponectin also activate AMPK; remarkably, the same pathway is activated by certain antidiabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones. Increasingly, our understanding of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ is leading to new insights into obesity and health. C1 Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Martin, ASG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 461S EP 465S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 013CN UT WOS:000235387300044 ER PT J AU Duff, GW Libby, P Ordovas, JM Reilly, PR AF Duff, GW Libby, P Ordovas, JM Reilly, PR TI The future of living well to 100 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Well 100 - Nutrition, Genetics, Inflammation CY NOV 15-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Interleukin Genet Inc, Nutrilite Hlth Inst C1 Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Div Genom Med, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Interleukin Genet Inc, Waltham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 488S EP 490S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 013CN UT WOS:000235387300049 PM 16470018 ER PT J AU Frank, JW Escobar, J Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Frank, JW Escobar, J Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Dietary protein and lactose increase translation initiation factor activation and tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; growth; insulin; ribosomal protein S6 kinase; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; P70 S6 KINASE; AMINO-ACIDS; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; CHILD-HEALTH; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; INSULIN-SECRETION; GROWTH; INFANTS AB Protein synthesis and eukaryotic initiation factor ( eIF) activation are increased in muscle and liver of pigs parenterally infused with amino acids and insulin. To examine the effects of enteral protein and carbohydrate on protein synthesis, pigs ( n = 42, 1.7 kg body wt) were fed isocaloric milk diets containing three levels of protein ( 5, 15, and 25 g (.) kg body wt(-1) (.) day(-1)) and two levels of lactose ( low = 11 and high = 23 g (.) kg body wt(-1) (.) day(-1)) from 1 to 6 days of age. On day 7, pigs were gavage fed after 4-h food deprivation, and tissue protein synthesis rates and biomarkers of mRNA translation were assessed. Piglet growth and protein synthesis rates in muscle and liver increased with dietary protein and plateaued at 15 g (.) kg body wt(-1) (.) day(-1) ( P < 0.001). Growth tended to be greater in high-lactose-fed pigs ( P = 0.07). Plasma insulin was lowest in pigs fed 5 g (.) kg body wt(-1) (.) day(-1) protein ( P < 0.0001). Plasma branched-chain amino acids increased as protein intake increased ( P < 0.0001). Muscle ( P < 0.001) and liver ( P <= 0.001) ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 and eIF4E-binding protein phosphorylation increased with protein intake and plateaued at 15 g (.) kg body wt(-1) (.) day(-1). The results indicate that growth and protein synthesis rates in neonatal pigs are influenced by dietary protein and lactose intake and might be mediated by plasma amino acids and insulin levels. However, feeding protein well above the piglet's requirement does not further stimulate the activation of translation initiation or protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01-AR-44474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658] NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP E225 EP E233 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00351.2005 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 001JV UT WOS:000234530300004 PM 16144813 ER PT J AU Cottrell, JJ Stoll, B Buddington, RK Stephens, JE Cui, L Chang, X Burrin, DG AF Cottrell, JJ Stoll, B Buddington, RK Stephens, JE Cui, L Chang, X Burrin, DG TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects against TPN-induced intestinal hexose malabsorption in enterally refed piglets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE total parenteral nutrition; porcine; sodium glucose transporter-1; glucose transporter-2 ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; NEONATAL PIGLETS; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION; LACTOSE DIGESTION; BLOOD-FLOW; AMINO-ACID; TRANSPORT AB Premature infants receiving chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to feeding intolerance develop intestinal atrophy and reduced nutrient absorption. Although providing the intestinal trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) during chronic TPN improves intestinal growth and morphology, it is uncertain whether GLP-2 enhances absorptive function. We placed catheters in the carotid artery, jugular and portal veins, duodenum, and a portal vein flow probe in piglets before providing either enteral formula (ENT), TPN or a coinfusion of TPN plus GLP-2 for 6 days. On postoperative day 7, all piglets were fed enterally and digestive functions were evaluated in vivo using dual infusion of enteral (C-13) and intravenous (H-2) glucose, in vitro by measuring mucosal lactase activity and rates of apical glucose transport, and by assessing the abundances of sodium glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2). Both ENT and GLP-2 pigs had larger intestine weights, longer villi, and higher lactose digestive capacity and in vivo net glucose and galactose absorption compared with TPN alone. These endpoints were similar in ENT and GLP-2 pigs except for a lower intestinal weight and net glucose absorption in GLP-2 compared with ENT pigs. The enhanced hexose absorption in GLP-2 compared with TPN pigs corresponded with higher lactose digestive and apical glucose transport capacities, increased abundance of SGLT-1, but not GLUT-2, and lower intestinal metabolism of [C-13] glucose to [C-13] lactate. Our findings indicate that GLP-2 treatment during chronic TPN maintains intestinal structure and lactose digestive and hexose absorptive capacities, reduces intestinal hexose metabolism, and may facilitate the transition to enteral feeding in TPN-fed infants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Starkville, MS USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu RI Cottrell, Jeremy/C-6184-2015 OI Cottrell, Jeremy/0000-0002-1899-2090 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33920] NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP G293 EP G300 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2005 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 001RM UT WOS:000234554000014 PM 16166344 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, SJD Lee, RB Li, J Zhou, W Stoll, B Dang, QY AF O'Keefe, SJD Lee, RB Li, J Zhou, W Stoll, B Dang, QY TI Trypsin and splanchnic protein turnover during feeding and fasting in human subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pancreatic enzymes; humans; trypsin synthesis; enteral parenteral nutrition ID PANCREATIC-ENZYME SYNTHESIS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; AMINO-ACIDS; METABOLISM; SECRETION; LEUCINE AB Knowledge of the stimulatory effects of enteral and parenteral (intravenous) feeding on the synthesis and turnover of trypsin would help in the management of acute pancreatitis, because the disease is caused by the premature activation of trypsin. To investigate this, we labeled intravenous infusions with [1-C-13] leucine and enterals with [H-2] leucine and measured isotope enrichment of plasma, secreted trypsin, and duodenal mucosal proteins over 6 h by duodenal perfusion/aspiration and endoscopic biopsy. Thirty healthy volunteers were studied during fasting (n=7), intravenous feeding (n=6), or postpyloric enteral feeding [duodenal polymeric (n=6), elemental duodenal (n=6), and jejunal elemental (n=5)]. All diets provided 1.5 g.kg(-1).day(-1) protein and 40 kcal.kg(-1).day(-1) energy. Results demonstrated that compared with fasting, enteral feeding increased the rate of appearance (71+/-4 vs. 91+/-5 min, P=0.01) and secretion (546+/-80 vs. 219+/-37 U/h, P=0.01) of newly labeled trypsin and expanded zymogen stores (1,660+/-237 vs. 749+/-133 units, P=0.03). These differences persisted whether the feedings were polymeric or elemental, duodenal, or jejunal. In contrast, intravenous feeding had no effect on basal rates. Differential labeling of the plasma amino acid pool by enteral and intravenous isotope infusions suggested that 35% of absorbed amino acids were retained within the splanchnic bed during enteral feeding and that mucosal protein turnover increased from a fasting rate of 34+/-6 to 108+/-8%/day (P<0.05) compared with no change after intravenous feeding. In conclusion, all common forms of enteral feeding stimulate the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic trypsin, and only parenteral nutrition avoids it. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Hlth Syst, Richmond, VA USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Keefe, SJD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM sjokeefe@pitt.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00065]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1 R01-DK-56142-01A1] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP G213 EP G221 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00170.2005 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 001RM UT WOS:000234554000005 PM 16123201 ER PT J AU Rivera, CA Abrams, SH Tcharmtchi, MH Allman, M Ziba, TT Finegold, MJ Smith, CW AF Rivera, CA Abrams, SH Tcharmtchi, MH Allman, M Ziba, TT Finegold, MJ Smith, CW TI Feeding a corn oil/sucrose-enriched diet enhances steatohepatitis in sedentary rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steatohepatitis; endotoxin; liver; hindlimb unloading ID ALCOHOLIC LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATIC LIPOGENIC ENZYMES; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HINDLIMB SUSPENSION; NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; TREADMILL LOCOMOTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB The current study investigated the combined effects of feeding a high-fat/ high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet to rodents rendered sedentary via hindlimb unloading (HU). For 3 wk before HU, male Wistar rats were fed chow or a diet in which 32% of calories were derived from corn oil fat and 48% of calories from sucrose. Feeding continued during an additional 3-wk period of HU. Subsequently, blood samples were collected for determination of circulating leukocyte counts, insulin levels, and portal vein endotoxin. Inflammation, necrosis, and steatosis were assessed in formalin-fixed liver sections. No biochemical or histological evidence of injury was observed in control rats fed chow or HF/HS. HU increased circulating neutrophils and resulted in hyperinsulinemia. Mild hepatic fat accumulation and minimal focal necroinflammation were observed in this group. Feeding HF/HS during HU exacerbated hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, Kupffer cell content, and cytokine expression. Significant portal endotoxemia was noted in HU rats but was not influenced by HF/HS diet. On the other hand, feeding HF/HS significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation end products in liver of HU rats by approximately threefold compared with chow-fed rats. In summary, these findings demonstrate that feeding a high-calorie diet potentiates steatosis and injury in sedentary HU rats. Mechanisms underlying enhanced injury most likely involved lipid peroxidation. Importantly, these findings suggest that dietary manipulation combined with physical inactivity can be used to model steatohepatitis. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Leukocyte Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Gastroenterol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Dept Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Pathol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rivera, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA. EM crive1@lsuhsc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42550]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-07664, DK-56338] NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP G386 EP G393 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2005 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 001RM UT WOS:000234554000025 PM 16223947 ER PT J AU Stephens, J Stoll, B Cottrell, J Chang, XY Helmrath, M Burrin, DG AF Stephens, J Stoll, B Cottrell, J Chang, XY Helmrath, M Burrin, DG TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 acutely increases proximal small intestinal blood flow in TPN-fed neonatal piglets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor; mucosal growth; premature infants; enteral feeding; intestinal ischemia ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SYSTEMIC DISTRIBUTION; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; GROWTH; GLP-2; INDOMETHACIN; ABSORPTION; ANESTHESIA; ISOFLURANE; RECEPTOR AB Glucagon- like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gut hormone that is secreted in response to enteral feeding and stimulates small intestinal mucosal growth. We have previously shown that GLP-2 infusion acutely increases portal venous blood flow in TPN-fed piglets. The aim of this study was to localize the vasoactive effect of GLP-2 within the gastrointestinal tissues and other visceral organs in TPN-fed piglets. Tissue blood flow rates were quantified using fluorescent microsphere deposition in anesthetized TPN-fed piglets given intravenous infusion of GLP- 2 at either 500 pmol (.) kg(-1) (.) h(-1) (low GLP-2, n = 7 pigs) or 2,000 pmol (.) kg(-1) (.) h(-1) ( high GLP-2, n = 8 pigs) for 2 h. Compared with baseline, the low and the high GLP- 2 treatment significantly increased the blood flow rate in the duodenum (+ 77%) and jejunum (+ 40% and 80%), respectively, but blood flow to the distal small intestine and colon (- 15%) was unchanged or slightly decreased. Baseline mucosal blood flow was five- fold higher than serosal blood flow; however, high GLP-2 treatment increased serosal (+ 140%) to a larger degree than mucosal blood flow (+ 73%). The high GLP-2 dose increased pancreatic flow (+ 34%) but decreased blood flow in the kidneys (- 14%) and stomach (- 12%), whereas the spleen and brain were unaffected. These findings suggest that the acute GLP-2-mediated stimulation of portal blood flow in TPN-fed piglets occurs principally via increased blood flow through the superior mesenteric artery to the proximal small intestine, a tissue region where the GLP-2R mRNA abundance and trophic GLP-2 effects are greatest. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Surg Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu RI Cottrell, Jeremy/C-6184-2015 OI Cottrell, Jeremy/0000-0002-1899-2090 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32-DK 07664] NR 36 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 290 IS 2 BP R283 EP R289 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00588.2005 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 000NI UT WOS:000234468500003 PM 16166200 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Thallman, RM Shackelford, S Wheeler, T Koohmaraie, M AF Rohrer, GA Thallman, RM Shackelford, S Wheeler, T Koohmaraie, M TI A genome scan for loci affecting pork quality in a Duroc-Landrace F-2 population SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genome scan; markers; pork quality; quantitative trait loci ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFFECTING CARCASS COMPOSITION; INFLUENCING ECONOMIC TRAITS; PIG SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; GENOTYPE PROBABILITIES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLYCOGEN-CONTENT AB A genome scan was conducted on 370 F-2 Duroc-Landrace pigs. Microsatellite markers (n = 182) were genotyped across the entire F-2 population, all F-1 parents and the paternal grandparents. Breed of origin of all chromosomal segments inherited in F-2 progeny were predicted using GenoProb, where genotypic data, genetic maps and extended pedigrees were used as inputs. Statistical tests for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associations were conducted on 41 phenotypes with SAS using output from GenoProb for genotypic data. Fixed effects included sex and age at slaughter. For certain analyses carcass weight, RYR1 genotype and/or PRKAG3 genotype were also included as covariates. Subjective and objective measures of pork colour, marbling and tenderness were recorded, as well as measures of carcass fatness and muscularity. Test results were adjusted to a genome-wide level of significance. Five genomic regions presented significant evidence for QTL at chromosome 1 positions 6 cM (intramuscular fat) and 67 cM (Hunter L*), chromosome 2 position 62 cM (taste panel tenderness), chromosome 17 position 50 (loineye area and image analysis estimated loineye area) and X position 87 cM (carcass weight). Sixty-six suggestive associations were detected. Fourteen of these associations were within the regions with significant QTL on chromosomes 2, 17 and X, and the remaining 52 associations resided in 29 other regions on 13 different chromosomes of the porcine genome. The chromosome 2 region of 60-66 cM was associated with all measures of pork tenderness and the region on chromosome 17 (32-39 cM) was associated with both measures of intramuscular fat and loineye area. After verification, the QTL for marbling and tenderness should be useful in commercial production to improve pork quality as the population was developed from two of the three most utilized breeds of swine in the USA. C1 ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM rohrer@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01368.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 006SM UT WOS:000234917300003 PM 16441291 ER PT J AU Shin, JH Kim, H Lim, D Jeon, M Han, BK Park, TS Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Cho, BW Han, JY AF Shin, JH Kim, H Lim, D Jeon, M Han, BK Park, TS Kim, JK Lillehoj, HS Cho, BW Han, JY TI Analysis of chicken embryonic gonad expressed sequenced tags SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLAST; TOOL C1 Avicore Biotechnol Inst Inc, Gunpo City 435050, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Anim Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. Changwon Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Microbiol, Chang Won 641773, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resource Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Miryang Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Miryang 627702, South Korea. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Avicore Biotechnol Inst Inc, Hanlim Human Tower 707,Geumjeong Dong 1-40, Gunpo City 435050, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM jaehan@snu.ac.kr NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01411.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 006SM UT WOS:000234917300020 PM 16441308 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC Bland, JM Montalbano, BG AF Cary, JW Ehrlich, KC Bland, JM Montalbano, BG TI The aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene, aflX, encodes an oxidoreductase involved in conversion of versicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; EPOXIDE HYDROLASES; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; SEQUENCE; REDUCTASE; NIDULANS; CLONING AB Biosynthesis of the toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is a complicated process involving more that 27 enzymes and regulatory factors encoded by a clustered group of genes. Previous studies found that three enzymes, encoded by verA, ver-1, and aflY, are required for conversion of versicolorin A (VA), to demethylsterigmatocystin. We now show that a fourth enzyme, encoded by the previously uncharacterized gene, aflX (ordB), is also required for this conversion. A homolog of this gene, stcQ, is present in the A. nidulans sterigmatocystin (ST) biosynthesis cluster. Disruption of aflX in Aspergillus flavus gave transformants that accumulated similar to 4-fold more VA and fourfold less aflatoxin than the untransformed strain. Southern and Northern blot analyses confirmed that aflX was the only gene disrupted in these transformants. Feeding ST or 0-methylsterigmatocystin, but not VA or earlier precursor metabolites, restored normal levels of AF production. The protein encoded by aflX is predicted to have domains typical of an NADH-dependent oxidoreductase. It has 27% amino acid identity to a protein encoded by the aflatoxin cluster gene, aflO (avfA). Some of domains in the protein are similar to those of epoxide hydrolases. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jcary@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 1096 EP 1101 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.2.1096-1101.2006 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 012QC UT WOS:000235353100017 PM 16461654 ER PT J AU Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewiez, W Abadias, M Kurtzman, CP Camp, MJ AF Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewiez, W Abadias, M Kurtzman, CP Camp, MJ TI Biocontrol of the food-borne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Poona on fresh-cut apples with naturally occurring bacterial and yeast antagonists SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ACETIC-ACID BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BLUE MOLD; AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS; HANSENIASPORA-UVARUM; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; GENUS GLUCONOBACTER; ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AB Fresh-cut apples contaminated with either Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella enterica serovar Poona, using strains implicated in outbreaks, were treated with one of 17 antagonists originally selected for their ability to inhibit fungal postharvest decay on fruit. While most of the antagonists increased the growth of the food-borne pathogens, four of them, including Gluconobacter asaii (T1-D1), a Candida sp. (T4-E4), Discosphaerina fagi (ST1-C9), and Metschnikowia pulcherrima (T1-E2), proved effective in preventing the growth or survival of food-borne human pathogens on fresh-cut apple tissue. The contaminated apple tissue plugs were stored for up to 7 days at two different temperatures. The four antagonists survived or grew on the apple tissue at 10 or 25 degrees C. These four antagonists reduced the Listeria monocytogenes populations and except for the Candida sp. (T4-E4), also reduced the S. enterica serovar Poona populations. The reduction was higher at 25 degrees C than at 10 degrees C, and the growth of the antagonists, as well as pathogens, increased at the higher temperature. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Recerca & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, Ctr R&D, Lleida Contalonia 25198, Spain. USDA ARS, Microbiol Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Janisiewiez, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wjanisiewicz@afrs.ars.usda.gov RI Abadias, Maribel/J-9386-2012 OI Abadias, Maribel/0000-0003-0113-8979 NR 56 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 1135 EP 1140 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.2.1135-1140.2006 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 012QC UT WOS:000235353100022 PM 16461659 ER PT J AU Ding, FJ Chen, YR Chao, KL Chan, DE AF Ding, FJ Chen, YR Chao, KL Chan, DE TI Two-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE; POULTRY CARCASSES; SPECTROSCOPY; INSPECTION; SYSTEM AB We show that the chromaticness of the visual signal that results from the two-color mixing achieved through an optically enhanced binocular device is directly related to the band ratio of light intensity at the two selected wavebands. A technique that implements the band-ratio criterion in a visual device by using two-color mixing is presented here. The device will allow inspectors to identify targets visually in accordance with a two-wavelength band ratio. It is a method of inspection by human vision assisted by an optical device, which offers greater flexibility and better cost savings than a multispectral machine vision system that implements the band-ratio criterion. With proper selection of the two narrow wavebands, discrimination by chromaticness that is directly related to the band ratio can work well. An example application of this technique for the inspection of carcasses chickens of afficted with various diseases is given. An optimal pair of wavelengths of 454 and 578 nm was selected to optimize differences in saturation and hue in CIE LUV color space among different types of target. Another example application, for the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers, is given, here the selected wavelength pair was 504 and 652 nm. The novel two-color mixing technique for visual inspection can be included in visual devices for various applications, ranging from target detection to food safety inspection. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ding, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000668 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 008XR UT WOS:000235074600011 PM 16485678 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Myers, LJ Schrader, KK Klesius, PH AF Shelby, RA Myers, LJ Schrader, KK Klesius, PH TI Detection of off-flavour in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) fillets by trained dogs SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE catfish; off-flavour; 2-methylisoborneol; geosmin; canine olfaction ID 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM rshelby@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01416.x PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006SU UT WOS:000234918200012 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ AF Loeb, MJ TI Role of integrin beta(1)-like protein in proliferation and differentiation of cultured stem cells from midgut of Heliothis virescens SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis; midgut; stem cells; integrin ID IN-VITRO; BETA-INTEGRIN; DROSOPHILA; EXPRESSION; SUBUNITS; ADHESION; REGENERATION; EPITHELIUM; MIGRATION; MUTATION AB Cultured midgut cells from Heliothis virescens larvae were incubated with anti-human integrin beta(1) made in rabbit and then passed over a column of magnetic beads bound to anti-rabbit IgG (MACS, Miltenyi Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Cells bound to integrin beta(1) antibody also bound to the anti-rabbit IgG on the magnetic beads (MACS) and were retained in the column while it remained in the magnetic field. Non-bound cells were eluted at this time. They did not stain with anti-integrin antibody just after elution. Removing the column from the magnetic field allowed cells bound to the beads-integrin beta(1) antibody to be eluted. All of these cells stained with human anti-integrin beta(1) upon elution. Each cell fraction was cultured in medium for 3 days. During this time, the populations of cells tended to return to heterogeneous staining patterns characteristic of control populations. However, cells that did not stain immediately with anti-integrin beta(1) antibody exhibited double the rate of multiplication and 8 times more differentiation than the integrin-anti body positive cells that eluted later, as well as the non-treated control cells. In a second experiment, midgut cells were incubated for 4 days with various titers of human anti-integrin beta(1) to block surface integrin beta(1)-like reactive sites Stem cells blocked with anti-integrin, beta(1) antibody during incubation exhibited double the rate of differentiation than non-treated control cells and those showing anti-integrin beta(1)-positive stain upon elution. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), 6920 Fairfax Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM geo.mar2@verizon.net NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1002/arch.20097 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 011QM UT WOS:000235283200001 PM 16416447 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Proveaux, AT AF Teal, PEA Proveaux, AT TI Identification of methyl farnesoate from in vitro culture of the retrocerebral complex of adult females of the moth, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and its conversion to juvenile hormone III SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE juvenile hormone biosynthesis; methyl farnesoate; Lepidoptera ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AGROTIS-IPSILON; BLACK CUTWORM; VITELLOGENIN; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; PUPAL AB Gas chromatographic-mass spectral an a lysis of extracts obtained from in vitro culture of isolated retrocerebral complexes obtained from adult females of the moth Heliothis virescens resulted in identification of methyl farnesoate as well as juvenile hormone III (JH III) but not JH III acid. Inhibition of A biosynthesis by incubation of tissue in synthetic Manduca sexta allotostatin (Manse-AST, pGlu-Val-Arg-Phe-Arg-Gln-Cys-Tyr-Phe-Asn-Pro-IIe-Ser-Cys-Phe-COOH) reduced production of these chemicals to negligible levels. However, incubation of tissue in the presence of Manse-AST plus farnesol resulted in production of significant amounts of both methyl farnesoate and JH III. Tissue incubated in the presence of Manse-AST plus methyl farnesoate produced only JH III. The results indicated that methyl farnesoate is naturally produced by the corpora allata of adult females of Heliothis virescens. However, tissue incubated in the presence of Manse-AST plus JH III acid also produced JH III in amounts equivalent to that produced by tissue incubated with methyl farnesoate. Thus, both methyl farnesoate and JH III acid could serve as a precursor for biosynthesis of JH III. C1 ARS, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), ARS, CMAVE, USDA, 1700 SW 23 Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1002/arch.20104 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 011QM UT WOS:000235283200005 PM 16416451 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Postfai, B Diffenderfer, M DeLuca, C O'Connor, J Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Barrett, PHR Schaefer, EJ AF Lamon-Fava, S Postfai, B Diffenderfer, M DeLuca, C O'Connor, J Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Barrett, PHR Schaefer, EJ TI Role of the estrogen and progestin in hormonal replacement therapy on apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in postmenopausal women SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-I; estrogen; progestin; kinetics stable isotopes ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CORONARY-ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; HEART-DISEASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; STABLE-ISOTOPES; B-100 KINETICS; PLUS PROGESTIN; METABOLISM AB Objective - Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are inversely correlated with the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) affects plasma HDL cholesterol levels, with estrogen increasing HDL cholesterol levels and progestins blunting this effect. This study was designed to assess the mechanism responsible for these effects. Materials and Methods - HDL apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) kinetics were studied in 8 healthy postmenopausal women participating in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study comprising 3 phases: placebo, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) (0.625 mg/d), and CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (2.5 mg/d). Compared with placebo, treatment with CEE resulted in an increase in apoA-I pool size ( + 20%, P < 0.01) because of a significant increase in apoA-I production rate ( + 47%, P < 0.05) and no significant changes in apoA-I fractional catabolic rate. Compared with the CEE alone phase, treatment with the CEE plus MPA resulted in an 8% (P < 0.02) reduction in apoA-I pool size and a significant reduction in apoA-I production rate ( - 13%, P < 0.04), without changes in apoA-I fractional catabolic rate. Conclusion - Postmenopausal estrogen replacement increases apoA-I levels and production rate. When progestin is added to estrogen, it opposes these effects by reducing the production of apoA-I. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054, M01 RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL03209, R01 HL056895, R01 HL056895-04]; NIA NIH HHS [AG08812, P60 AG008812]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB-001975, P41 EB001975]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-11] NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000199248.53590.e1 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 004GQ UT WOS:000234740400025 PM 16339502 ER PT J AU Balk, EM Lichtenstein, AH Chung, M Kupelnick, B Chew, P Lau, J AF Balk, EM Lichtenstein, AH Chung, M Kupelnick, B Chew, P Lau, J TI Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary restenosis, intima-media thickness, and exercise tolerance: A systematic review SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE systematic review; omega-3 fatty acids; fish; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; alpha linolenic acid; restenosis; intima-media thickness; exercise tolerance testing ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS; STABLE ANGINA-PECTORIS; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOUBLE-BLIND; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ANGIOPLASTY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Greater omega-3 fatty acid consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Though the mechanisms of their effect are unclear, they may involve lesion formation and heart function. We conducted a systematic review of the clinical literature on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on measures of vascular structure and function. We included studies that assessed fish and plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty, carotid IMT, and exercise capacity. Compared to placebo, the summary risk ratio of coronary artery restenosis with fish oil is 0.87 (95% CI 0.73, 1.05) across 12 randomized controlled trials. Two prospective studies reported increased carotid IMT, whereas two cross-sectional studies reported a reduction of IMT, with fish, fish oil or ALA consumption. Three randomized trials and three uncontrolled studies reported small non-significant improvements in exercise capacity with fish oil. Overall, little or no effect of fish oil was found for a variety of markers of cardiovascular disease risk. There are insufficient studies to draw conclusions about the effect of ALA. The dearth of long term data on fish consumption or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of cardiovascular disease risk severely limits our ability to draw definitive conclusions at this time. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Balk, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, 750 Washington St,NEMC 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ebalk@tufts-nemc.org NR 45 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 184 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.042 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 012DD UT WOS:000235317500001 PM 16084516 ER PT J AU Rajendra, W Hackett, KJ Buckley, E Hammock, BD AF Rajendra, W Hackett, KJ Buckley, E Hammock, BD TI Functional expression of lepidopteran-selective neurotoxin in baculovirus: Potential for effective pest management SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; lepidopteran-selective toxin; recombinant biopesticide; Heliothis virescens; Mesobuthus tamulus; scorpion venom; integrated pest management ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; INSECT CELLS; GENE; VENOM; PROTEINS; VECTORS; LARVAE; CONSTRUCTION; EFFICACY AB Recombinant baculovirus expressing insect-selective neurotoxins derived from venomous animals are considered as an attractive alternative to chemical insecticides for efficient insect control agents. Recently we identified and characterized a novel lepidopteran-selective toxin, Buthus tamulus insect-selective toxin (ButaIT), having 37 amino acids and eight half cysteine residues from the venom of the South Indian red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus. The synthetic toxin gene containing the ButaIT sequence in frame to the bombyxin signal sequence was engineered into a polyhedrin positive Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) genome under the control of the p10 promoter. Toxin expression in the haemolymph of infected larvae of Heliothis virescens and also in an insect cell culture system was confirmed by western blot analysis using antibody raised against the GST-ButaIT fusion protein. The recombinant NPV (ButaIT-NPV) showed enhanced insecticidal activity on the larvae of Heliothis virescens as evidenced by a significant reduction in median survival time (ST(50)) and also a greater reduction in feeding damage as compared to the wild-type AcMNPV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Zool, Div Mol Biol, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Natl Program Leader Beneficial Insects, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Canc Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rajendra, W (reprint author), Sri Venkateswara Univ, Dept Zool, Div Mol Biol, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM rajendraw2k@yahoo.co.in NR 47 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 1760 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.11.008 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 026CP UT WOS:000236314600005 PM 16406338 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Tao, FL Giles, KL Royer, TA Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA AF Elliott, NC Tao, FL Giles, KL Royer, TA Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA TI First quantitative study of rove beetles in Oklahoma winter wheat fields SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; cereal aphids; predatory insect; Staphylinidae; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID APHID SITOBION-AVENAE; POLYPHAGOUS PREDATORS; CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; CEREAL APHIDS; IMPACT; PARASITOIDS; COLEOPTERA; GREENBUG; YIELD AB Adult rove beetles (Staphylinidae) were sampled every 7-14 days from one winter wheat field located in each of the four major wheat growing regions of Oklahoma during the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 growing seasons. The number of cereal aphids per tiller, wheat plant growth stage, and wheat tiller density also were estimated. A total of 12 genera representing 13 species of beetles were collected from the field. The density of rove beetles was generally low, ranging from 0.003 beetles per m(2) in fall to 0.106 beetles per m(2) in spring. Rove beetle communities differed among seasons. After accounting for the effect of season, there was no statistically significant association between rove beetle community structure and field location, aphid density, wheat plant growth stage, or wheat plant density. Most rove beetle species showed no association with a particular season, however, Aleochara notula Erichson, Lathrobium sp., and Oxypoda sp. were present predominantly in fall, while Bisnius inquitus Erichson was associated with winter. Oxypoda sp. was the most abundant rove beetle in winter wheat fields in spring and was relatively abundant in winter, but was not collected from wheat fields in fall. Tachyporus jocosus Say was present in wheat fields during all seasons. T. jocosus was the most abundant rove beetle species in the winter wheat fields in fall and winter and was the second most abundant species during spring. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM norman.elliott@ars.usda.gov RI Royer, Tom/D-9737-2016 OI Royer, Tom/0000-0003-0912-7115 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10526-005-0608-3 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012VH UT WOS:000235368500005 ER PT J AU Zhang, SA Schisler, DA Jackson, MA Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL AF Zhang, SA Schisler, DA Jackson, MA Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ Liu, ZL TI Cold shock during liquid production increases storage shelf-life of Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 after air-drying SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; biological control; Cryptococcus nodaensis; cold shock; air-drying; shelf-life ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; STRESS-RESPONSE; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE AB Fermentation, formulation and drying studies are necessary and important in order to simplify production, transportation, storage and application of biocontrol agents. Air-drying is a convenient and economical drying method for developing microbial biocontrol products. Experiments were designed to determine the effect of temperature shock during liquid cultivation on cell survival of a Fusarium head blight biocontrol agent Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 after air-drying. OH 182.9 cultures were grown at various temperatures in semi-defined complete liquid media, with cultures grown at 25 degrees C for 48 h serving as the standard control culture condition. Harvested cultures were mixed with 10% diatomaceous earth ( DE), vacuum filtered, air dried for 20 h at 60-70% RH, and stored at 4 degrees C. In general, cells grown at 25 degrees C for 20 h followed by cultivation at 15 degrees C for 28 h survived air-drying better than control cells. The survival of cells subjected to heat shock at 31 degrees C generally did not differ from control cells regardless of whether heat shock was applied at the late exponential or early stationary stage of growth. In another experiment designed to optimize the effect of cold temperatures during cultivation on subsequent survival of air-dried cells in DE at 4 degrees C and room temperature (25 degrees C), prolonged (28 h) cold shock at 10 and 15 degrees C after incubation at 25 degrees C for 20 h enhanced the storage stability (shelf-life) of a DE-formulated OH 182.9 product. In greenhouse tests, air-dried cells of OH 182.9 stored for 6 weeks at 4 degrees C maintained a higher biocontrol efficacy than cells stored for 6 weeks at 25 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM schislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1080/09583150500335939 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 022JA UT WOS:000236050300006 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Huang, B Dubois, T Smith, MT Li, Z AF Hajek, AE Huang, B Dubois, T Smith, MT Li, Z TI Field studies of control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) using fiber bands containing the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria brongniartii SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerambycidae; Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longhorned beetle; Beauveria brongniartii; Metarhizium anisopliae; infection; urban forestry ID ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE; ALTERNATUS HOPE COLEOPTERA; MICROBIAL CONTROL; MORTALITY FACTORS; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; DISPERSAL; BASSIANA; PETCH AB The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, was first found attacking urban street trees in the United States in 1996 and in Canada in 2003. This tree-killing invasive insect has long been a major pest in China and is difficult to control because immature stages live within wood and long-lived adults are often located high in tree canopies. A microbial control product ( Biolisa Kamikiri) consisting of non-woven fiber bands impregnated with cultures of an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria brongniartii, is marketed in Japan for control of a congeneric orchard pest. Replicated field trials were conducted in Anhui, China to compare Biolisa Kamikiri with similarly prepared bands containing Metarhizium anisopliae for control of A. glabripennis. One fungal band was placed at 2-2.5mheight, around the stem or major scaffold branch on each of 40 willow trees (Salix spp.)per plot, with five plots for each fungal treatment and five control plots. Adult beetles collected from fungal-treated plots 7-22 days after bands were attached to trees died faster than adults from control plots. Beetles exposed to B. brongniartii bands consistently died faster than controls throughout this period, while results from plots with M. anisopliae bands were not as consistent in differing from controls. Numbers of adult beetles from plots of each fungal species dying in < 10 days were greater than controls (16% of beetles) but did not differ between fungal treatments (34-35%). Oviposition in fungal-treated plots was approximately half that in control plots. Locations of adult beetles and oviposition scars within tree canopies were quantified to determine optimal locations for band placement. Most adult beetles were found >= 3.5-m high in trees, with adults in B. brongniartii-treated plots higher within trees than adults in other plots. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Anhui Agr Univ, Dept Forestry, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Lab, Newark, DE USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu NR 28 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1080/09583150500335962 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 022JC UT WOS:000236050600001 ER PT J AU Barger, NN Herrick, JE Van Zee, J Belnap, J AF Barger, NN Herrick, JE Van Zee, J Belnap, J TI Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; carbon; Canyonlands National Park; Colorado Plateau; disturbance; erosion; nitrogen; rainfall simulation; runoff ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SEMIARID WOODLAND; SHRUBLAND HABITATS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; COLORADO PLATEAU; NUTRIENT LOSSES; CRYPTOGAM COVER; NEGEV DESERT; AEOLIAN DUST; SANDY SOILS AB In this study, we conducted rainfall simulation experiments in a cool desert ecosystem to examine the role of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on dissolved and sediment C and N losses. We compared runoff and sediment C and N losses from intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts ( intact) to both trampled dark crusts ( trampled) and dark crusts where the top 1 cm of the soil surface was removed ( scraped). In a second experiment, we compared C and N losses in runoff and sediments in early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts ( light) to that of intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts ( dark). A relatively high rainfall intensity of approximately 38 mm per 10-min period was used to ensure that at least some runoff was generated from all plots. Losses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen ( DON), and ammonium (NH4+) were significantly higher from trampled plots as compared to scraped and intact plots. Sediment C and N losses, which made up more than 98% of total nutrient losses in all treatments, were more than 4-fold higher from trampled plots relative to intact plots ( sediment C g/m(2), intact = 0.74, trampled = 3.47; sediment N g/m(2), intact = 0.06, trampled = 0.28). In light crusts, DOC loss was higher relative to dark crusts, but no differences were observed in dissolved N. Higher sediment loss in light crusts relative to dark crusts resulted in 5-fold higher loss of sediment-bound C and N. Total C flux ( sediment + dissolved) was on the order of 0.9 and 7.9 g/m(2) for dark and light crusts, respectively. Sediment N concentration in the first minutes after runoff from light crusts was 3-fold higher than the percent N of the top 1 cm of soil, suggesting that even short-term runoff events may have a high potential for N loss due to the movement of sediments highly enriched in N. Total N loss from dark crusts was an order of magnitude lower than light crusts ( dark = 0.06 g N/m(2), light = 0.63 g/m(2)). Overall, our results from the small plot scale (0.5 m(2)) suggest that C and N losses are much lower from intact late-successional cyanolichen crusts as compared to recently disturbed or early-successional light cyanobacterial crusts. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USGS BRD Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Barger, NN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450,1560 30th St RL-I 220, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nichole.barger@colorado.edu NR 57 TC 67 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2006 VL 77 IS 2 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10533-005-1424-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 013ZW UT WOS:000235449500006 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS AF Wheeler, GS TI Chemotype variation of the weed Melaleuca quinquenervia influences the biomass and fecundity of the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE insect nutrition; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Oxyops vitiosa; plant quality; secondary metabolites; terpenoids; weed biological control; toughness ID HOST-PLANT QUALITY; ESSENTIAL OIL; ALTERNIFOLIA MYRTACEAE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FALL ARMYWORM; LIFE-HISTORY; COLEOPTERA; LARVAE; CURCULIONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Host plant nutritional and non-nutritional variability can have a significant effect on herbivore populations by influencing survival, larval performance, and fecundity. The effect of chemical and physical variation of the leaves of two chemotypes of the weed Melaleuca quinquenervia was determined on the biomass and fecundity of the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). M. quinquenervia chemotypes were distinguished by the principal terpenoids E-nerolidol and viridiflorol using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Not only were the terpenoid profiles of the two chemotypes different but the viridiflorol leaves had greater toughness (1.2-fold) and reduced nitrogen (0.7-fold). When the larvae and adults were fed leaves of the E-nerolidol chemotype increased adult biomass (1.1-fold) and fecundity were found (2.6- to 4.5-fold) compared with those fed leaves of the viridiflorol chemotype. Regardless of the larval diet, when adults were fed the E-nerolidol chemotype leaves they bad greater egg production compared with those adults fed the viridiflorol leaves. Moreover, adult pre-oviposition period was extended (1.5-fold) when individuals were fed the viridiflorol leaves compared with those fed the E-nerolidol leaves. By rearing the O. vitiosa weevil on the more nutritious chemotype plants these results assisted in the mass production and establishment of the M. quinquenervia biological control agent. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM wheelerg@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CI UT WOS:000234438100001 ER PT J AU Castillo, J Jacas, JA Pena, JE Ulmer, BJ Hall, DG AF Castillo, J Jacas, JA Pena, JE Ulmer, BJ Hall, DG TI Effect of temperature on life history of Quadrastichus haitiensis (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae), an endoparasitoid of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; Eulophidae; life cycle; reproductive development ID WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PUERTO-RICO; EGG MASSES; CITRUS; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; OVIPOSITION; PARASITOIDS; ARTHROPODS; FLORIDA AB The influence of temperature on life history traits of the egg parasitoid Quadrastichus haitiensis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was investigated in the laboratory on eggs of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Duration of development from egg to adult decreased from 39.99 +/- 0.27 days to 13.57 +/- 0.07 days (mean +/- SE) as temperature increased from 20 to 33 degrees C, respectively. No development was observed at 5-15 degrees C. Fecundity was highest at 25 and 30 degrees C (70-73 eggs per female) but was reduced at 33 degrees C (21.5 eggs per female). Oviposition rate was also reduced at 33 degrees C. Q. haitiensis accepted host eggs from 0 to 7 days old for oviposition but was most prolific when parasitizing 1- to 4-day-old eggs. Very few adult Q. haitiensis emerged from host eggs that were 5-7 days old, however, D. abbreviatus egg mortality was similar for eggs 0-7 days old. A brief description of the parasitoid egg, larva, prepupae, and pupa is provided. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Juame 1, Dept Ciencies Expt, E-12071 Castello De La Planta, Spain. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA, USRHL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Jacas, JA (reprint author), Univ Juame 1, Dept Ciencies Expt, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071 Castello De La Planta, Spain. EM jacas@exp.uji.es RI Jaques , Josep/B-8352-2009 OI Jaques , Josep/0000-0003-1353-1727 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.023 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CI UT WOS:000234438100009 ER PT J AU Rendon, P Sivinski, J Holler, T Bloem, K Lopez, M Martinez, A Aluja, M AF Rendon, P Sivinski, J Holler, T Bloem, K Lopez, M Martinez, A Aluja, M TI The effects of sterile males and two braconid parasitoids, Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha krausii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera), on caged populations of Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera : Tephritidae) at various sites in Guatemala SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; augmentative release; sterile insect technique; mass rearing; field-cages ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PUPAL PARASITOIDS; LARVAL-PUPAL; FLY DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA; DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPPRESSION; HAWAII; MEXICO AB Area-wide control of the Mediterranean fruit fly (=medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), typically involves sterile insect technique (=SIT), and at present the "Temperature Sensitive Lethal" (=TSL) strain is commonly mass-reared for such releases. In theory, and with some experimental support, the augmentative addition of parasitoids to sterile releases can suppress pest populations to a greater extent than either technique alone. The efficacies of TSL males, parasitoids, and TSL males and parasitoids were compared in large field cages erected over coffee grown at four locations and three altitudes (relatively high, medium and low for the crop) in Guatemala. Two species of opiine braconid parasitoids, the larval-pupal parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii (Fullaway) and the egg-pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan), were released either together or in combination with sterile males into cages along with fertile medflies. Results of this evaluation were assessed by comparing the number of pupae and adult insects that completed development (F1 generation) as a result of the reproduction of a parental generation released into each field cage. The TSL males significantly suppressed F1 fly populations but only in one of four study sites. However, the inclusion of F. arisanus and D. krausii always provided significant suppression and the effect was frequently substantial. In one site there was a significant interaction between the capacity of sterile males and parasitoids to suppress caged fly populations. There was no effect of host-fruit abundance on the numbers of flies recovered, however, there were significant interactions between maximum and minimum temperatures and the effects of sterile males and parasitoids, respectively. The results suggest that mass-reared sterile medflies and biological control agents should be tested for both consistent sexual-quality and their ability to perform in the various environments in which they will be released. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, FDACS,DPI, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, APHIS,CPHST, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. MOSCAMED, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM jsivinski@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CI UT WOS:000234438100013 ER PT J AU Goodman, CL Phipps, SJ Wagner, RM Peters, P Wright, MK Nabli, H Saathoff, S Vickers, B Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH AF Goodman, CL Phipps, SJ Wagner, RM Peters, P Wright, MK Nabli, H Saathoff, S Vickers, B Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH TI Growth and development of the knapweed root weevil, Cyphocleonus achates, on a meridic larval diet SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE root weevil; Cyphocleonus achates; Curculionidae; knapweed; Centaurea maculosa; Asteraceae; weed; adult emergence; sex traits; morphology; biological control ID POSTFASCIATUS FAIRMAIRE COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; ARTIFICIAL DIET; INVASIVE WEED; UNITED-STATES; CURCULIONIDAE; ESTABLISHMENT AB Cyphocleonus achates, the knapweed weevil, is an effective biological control agent of the invasive weed, Centaurea maculosa Lam. A meridic diet was developed and tested for the rearing of the larval stage of this insect. Using this diet, C achates was reared for over three generations, with the adults being offered knapweed plants for feeding and oviposition in greenhouse conditions. Slight or no differences were seen between insects reared on a standard meridic diet formulation and one containing knapweed tissues. The following life history parameters were monitored over the three generations: percent egg hatch (ranging from 42.9 to 59.1%), time to egg hatch (20.0-23.2 days), time to adult emergence (52.0-54.1 days), adult weights 3 days post-eclosion (101.9-117.0 mg), percent adult emergence (48.3-58.6%), and percent mortality/deformity in the different stages (with mortality occurring primarily in the early larval stages). Additionally, a study involving low temperature and short day conditions suggested that C achates could be maintained for longer periods of time in larval diet cells when placed in growth-retarding conditions., although percent adult emergence was lower. External morphology was also studied in order to distinguish between the sexes to ensure that each adult cage had a similar ratio of females to males. Abdominal features were found to be the most dependable characteristics for use when determining the sex of adult C achates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Goodman, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, BCIRL, 1503 S Prov Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM goodmanc@missouri.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.016 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CI UT WOS:000234438100015 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Bailey, VL Smith, JL Bolton, H TI C-14 Cycling in lignocellulose-amended soils: predicting long-term C fate from short-term indicators SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE C sequestration; lignocellulose degradation; soil properties; predictors of C storage ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; PARTICULATE; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; TEXTURE AB We compared lignocellulose (the second most abundant component of plant material) degradation over 8 months in contrasting soils from each of five sites across the United States with the aim of assessing which soils are likely to store more C. The soils were collected from a tallgrass prairie restoration (farmland, and plots restored in 1993 and 1979), the semiarid shrub-steppe (cool, moist upper slope and warm, dry lower slope soils), long-term farmland (no-till and conventional-till), and from two forest soils (loblolly pine and Douglas fir; fertilized and nonfertilized). Soils that rapidly metabolized freshly added C exploited endogenous and newly transformed C to a lesser degree over the course of the incubation (lower slope shrub-steppe, nonfertilized Douglas fir, and tallgrass prairie farmed and 1993 restorations). We also pooled the data to find a strong relationship between sand content and lignocellulose C remaining in the soil after 8 months (R=0.68) and also between short-term storage of lignocellulose C (at 7 days) and lignocellulose C remaining after 8 months (R=0.94). To predict C storage, models of C and soil properties must be modified to reflect the structure and function of microbial communities. Communities in richer soils may be more competent to use native C following fresh C additions when compared with communities in poorer soils. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0016-y PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009NH UT WOS:000235118300003 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Alva, A Boydston, RA Cochran, RL Hamm, PB McGuire, A Riga, E AF Collins, HP Alva, A Boydston, RA Cochran, RL Hamm, PB McGuire, A Riga, E TI Soil microbial, fungal, and nematode responses to soil fumigation and cover crops under potato production SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; cover crops; microbial populations; pathogens ID MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; GREEN MANURE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; COLUMBIA BASIN; PLANT-TISSUES; SODIUM; IMPACT; ISOTHIOCYANATE; SUPPRESSION; PATHOGENS AB Sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium) and 1,3 dichloropropene are widely used in potato production for the control of soil-borne pathogens, weeds, and plant parasitic nematodes that reduce crop yield and quality. Soil fumigation with metam sodium has been shown in microcosm studies to significantly reduce soil microbial populations and important soil processes such as C and N mineralization. However, few published data report the impact of metam sodium on microbial populations and activities in potato production systems under field conditions. Fall-planted white mustard (Brassica hirta) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) cover crops may serve as an alternative to soil fumigation. The effect of metam sodium and cover crops was determined on soil microbial populations, soil-borne pathogens (Verticillium dahliae, Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp.), free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes, and C and N mineralization potentials under potato production on five soil types in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Microbial biomass C was 8-23% greater in cover crop treatments compared to those fumigated with metam sodium among the soil types tested. Replacing fumigation with cover crops did not significantly affect C or N mineralization potentials. Cumulative N mineralized over a 49-day laboratory incubation averaged 18 mg NO3-N kg(-1) soil across all soil types and treatments. There was a general trend for N mineralized from fumigated treatments to be lower than cover-cropped treatments. Soil fungal populations and free-living nematode levels were significantly lowered in fumigated field trials compared to cover-cropped treatments. Fumigation among the five soil types significantly reduced Pythium spp. by 97%, Fusarium spp. by 84%, and V. dahliae by 56% compared to the mustard cover crop treatment. The percentage of bacteria and fungi surviving fumigation was greater for fine- than coarse-textured soils, suggesting physical protection of organisms within the soil matrix or a reduced penetration and distribution of the fumigants. This suggests the potential need for a higher rate of fumigant to be used in fine-textured soils to obtain comparable reductions in soil-borne pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hcollins@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0022-0 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 009NH UT WOS:000235118300009 ER PT J AU Farber, S Costanza, R Childers, DL Erickson, J Gross, K Grove, M Hopkinson, CS Kahn, J Pincetl, S Troy, A Warren, P Wilson, M AF Farber, S Costanza, R Childers, DL Erickson, J Gross, K Grove, M Hopkinson, CS Kahn, J Pincetl, S Troy, A Warren, P Wilson, M TI Linking ecology and economics for ecosystem management SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; services; valuation; ecosystem management; LTER; trade-offs ID RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; SERVICES; VALUATION; BENEFITS; WETLANDS; PHOENIX; HABITAT; VALUES; SOIL AB This article outlines an approach, based on ecosystem services, for assessing the trade-offs inherent in managing humans embedded in ecological systems. Evaluating these trade-offs requires an understanding of the biophysical magnitudes of the changes in ecosystem services that result from human actions, and of the impact of these changes on human welfare. We summarize the state of the art of ecosystem services-based management and the information needs for applying it. Three case studies of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites-coastal, urban, and agricultural-illustrate the usefulness, information needs, quantification possibilities, and methods for this approach. One example of the application of this approach, with rigorously established service changes and valuations taken front the literature, is used to illustrate the potential for full economic valuation of several agricultural landscape management options, including managing for water quality biodiversity, and crop productivity. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Florida Int Univ, Sch Business Adm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Div Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Environm Studies Program, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Econ, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Farber, S (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM eofarb@pitt.edu RI Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008; Erickson, Jon/C-4020-2009 OI Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734; NR 63 TC 132 Z9 147 U1 11 U2 145 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0121:LEAEFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 013QA UT WOS:000235422800013 ER PT J AU Lu, RF Peng, YK AF Lu, RF Peng, YK TI Hyperspectral scattering for assessing peach fruit firmness SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; APPLE FRUIT; INTERNAL QUALITY; IMAGING-SYSTEM; SUGAR CONTENT; PREDICTING FIRMNESS; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; KIWIFRUIT AB Light scattering is related to the structural characteristics of fruit and hence is potentially useful for estimating fruit firmness. This research investigated hyperspectral scattering as a means for measuring peach fruit firmness. A hyperspectral imaging system was used to simultaneously acquire 153 spectral scattering profiles, generated by a broadband light beam, from 'Red Haven' and 'Coral Star' peaches between 500 and 1000 nm. The spectral scattering profiles at individual wavelengths were fitted accurately by a two-parameter Lorentzian distribution function with the average value for the coefficient of determination r(2) greater than 0.990. Firmness prediction models were developed, using multi-linear regression coupled with cross validation, on relating individual Lorentzian parameters and their combinations at different wavelengths to peach fruit firmness. The wavelength of 677 nm, corresponding to chlorophyll absorption, had the highest correlation with fruit firmness among all single wavelengths. However, a combination of 10 or 11 wavelengths was needed in order to obtain best predictions of fruit firmness. Best firmness predictions were obtained with values for r(2) of 0.77 and 0.58 for 'Red Haven' and 'Coral Star' peaches when Lorentzian parameters a and b were used as independent variables where a and b are the peak scattering value and the full width of the scattering profile at one half of the peak value, respectively. Hyperspectral scattering is potentially useful for rapid, non-destructive estimation of peach fruit firmness. (C) 2005 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu; pengy@egr.msu.edu NR 27 TC 132 Z9 154 U1 3 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.11.004 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 018VT UT WOS:000235793600004 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Hotchkiss, AT Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Hotchkiss, AT Foglia, TA TI Biosynthesis of medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from soy molasses SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biopolymer; PHA; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas corrugata; raffinose; short-chain galactooligosaccharides; stachyose ID PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; POLYMER PRODUCTION; POLYESTERS; CORRUGATA; SUBSTRATE; STRAINS AB Pseudomonas corrugata was selected from a screening process for the bioconversion of inexpensive soy molasses into medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHA). We obtained yields of 1.5 g cell dry weight (CDW)/l culture with growth medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) soy molasses, and of an average of 3.4 g CDW/l with 5% (w/v) soy molasses. Crude PHAs were obtained at 5-17% of CDW. The most prominent repeat-unit monomers in the PHAs were 3-hydroxydodecanoate, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 3-hydroxydodecanoate, and 3-hydroxytetradecenoate. This work represents the first description of fermentative mcl-PHA production from the soy molasses. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10529-005-5329-2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 013YU UT WOS:000235446700004 PM 16489492 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA AF Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA TI The use of fatty acid esters to enhance free acid sophorolipid synthesis SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Candida bombicola; fatty acid esters; mass spectrometry; sophorolipids ID LIPID PRODUCTION; BOMBICOLA AB Fatty acid esters were prepared by transesterification of soy oil with methanol (methyl-soyate, Me-Soy), ethanol (ethyl-soyate, Et-Soy) and propanol (propyl-soyate, Pro-Soy) and used with glycerol as fermentation substrates to enhance production of free-acid sophorolipids (SLs). Fed-batch fermentations of Candida bombicola resulted in SL yields of 46 +/- 4 g/l, 42 +/- 7 g/l and 18 +/- 6 g/l from Me-Soy, Et-Soy, and Pro-Soy, respectively. Liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC/API-MS) showed that Me-Soy resulted in 71% open-chain SLs with 59% of those molecules remaining esterified at the carboxyl end of the fatty acids. Et-Soy and Pro-Soy resulted in 43% and 80% open-chain free-acid SLs, respectively (containing linoleic acid and oleic acid as the principal fatty acid species linked to the sophorose sugar at the omega-1 position), with no evidence of residual esterification. C1 USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mem Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rashby@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10529-005-5527-y PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 026PQ UT WOS:000236355000007 PM 16555009 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH AF Greenstone, MH TI Molecular methods for assessing insect parasitism SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE allozyme electrophoresis; isozyme; specific PCR; parasitoids; RAPD-PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE HYMENOPTERA; APHIDIUS COLEMANI HYMENOPTERA; SPECIES TRICHOGRAMMA-MINUTUM; RAPAE MINTOSH HYMENOPTERA; WASP DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE; LYGUS SPP. HEMIPTERA; AVENAE F HEMIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Determining insect parasitism rates is problematic due to the small size and lack of useful distinguishing morphological characters of many parasitoid taxa. To solve this problem, entomologists have employed one of four general methods to detect parasitoid protein or nucleic acid markers: serological assay; random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR); allozyme electrophoresis; or specific PCR. Serological methods, especially with monoclonal antibodies, are unrivalled for specificity, enabling discrimination at the stage as well as species level. However, they have not found favour with many workers, possibly due to complexity and expense. RAPD-PCR has been widely used, but can only be recommended for restricted applications because of its poor reproducibility. Allozyme electrophoresis provides reproducible detection and discrimination of closely related species. Specific-PCR is highly specific and reproducible, and also has the shortest latency for detection, usually 24 h or less after parasitization. The substantial existing literature on allozyme electrophoresis and specific PCR is used to support recommendations on what are apt to be fruitful enzyme systems or genomic regions for detecting and discriminating parasitoids in untried parasitoid-host assemblages. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Room 214,Bldg 011, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greenstm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 123 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1079/BER2005402 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006ZG UT WOS:000234936000001 PM 16441900 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Sandre, C Bryden, NA Agay, D Chancerelle, Y Polansky, MM Roussel, AM AF Anderson, RA Sandre, C Bryden, NA Agay, D Chancerelle, Y Polansky, MM Roussel, AM TI Burn-induced alterations of chromium and the glucose/insulin system in rats SO BURNS LA English DT Article DE chromium; burn; insulin; glucagon; corticosterone; stress ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; THERMAL-INJURY; SUPPLEMENTATION; GLUCOSE; TRAUMA; HYPERGLYCEMIA; EXCRETION; RESPONSES; GLUCAGON; LOSSES AB Our objective was to demonstrate a role of chromium (Cr) in response to severe burn. A third-degree burn involving 20% of total body surface was applied under anaesthesia in accord with ethical guidelines. Chromium concentrations in liver decreased progressively and were non-detectable on days 5 and 10 following injury. In quadriceps muscle, Cr concentrations increased 6 h after injury and then declined significantly within the first day and remained at these levels the following 9 days. Urinary Cr losses were also increased. Changes in kidney, brain and serum Cr were not significant. Non-fasting glucose rose 6 h after injury and then returned to levels measured before the burn. There was a significant rise in corticosterone reaching a maximum the first day after injury that was accompanied by significant increases in circulating insulin and glucagon that were maximal after 2 days. Changes in IGF-1 were not significant. In summary, changes in Cr concentrations were associated with an early hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased secretion of stress hormones. These observations strongly suggest a mobilization and utilization of Cr following severe burn. Additional studies are needed to document that improved Cr status might lead to improved recovery following burn. Published by Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NVMC, Fac Pharm, Lab Nutr Vieillissement & Malad Cardiovasc, F-38700 La Tronche, France. Ctr Rech, Serv Sante Armees, F-38702 La Tronche, France. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM AndersonR@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2005.08.005 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 009EQ UT WOS:000235094600008 PM 16384652 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Tallury, SP Owens, SA Livingston, JD Premkumar, R AF Livingston, DP Tallury, SP Owens, SA Livingston, JD Premkumar, R TI Freezing in nonacclimated oat: thermal response and histological observations of crowns during recovery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE freezing tolerance; cold acclimation; nuclear pycnosis; meristem; crown; winter cereal; oat (Avena sativa); calorimeter ID WINTER OAT; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; LIPID-COMPOSITION; COLD-ACCLIMATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; WATER; TOLERANCE; BARLEY; STRESS; LEAVES AB The complex nature of freezing in plants may be easier to understand if freezing is studied in nonacclimated plants at temperatures just below freezing. Thermal patterns of model systems frozen at -2.6 degrees C were compared with those of crown tissue from oat (Avena sativa L.). Thermal patterns of live crowns more closely resembled those of fructan and sugar solutions with filter paper than of plain water or a BSA solution. When the percentage of water freezing in nonacclimated plants at -2.6 degrees C was manually limited to 10%, the survival was reduced from 100% in supercooled plants to 25%. During cold acclimation, the percentage of water freezing at -2.6 C went from 79% to 54% after 3 weeks of cold acclimation and resulted in 100% survival. The nucleus of cells in the primary apical meristem of nonacclimated plants appeared to have disintegrated, an effect that was not observed in any cold-acclimated (unfrozen controls) plants. Nuclear pycnosis was observed in leaf sheaths surrounding the meristem and in cells directly below the meristem. Cells of secondary meristems and in the crown core appeared undamaged, but vessels in plants frozen for as little as 30 min were ruptured and appeared plugged. The distinctive nature of injury in the apical meristem and the rapid ability of the plant to acclimate during cold to the stress causing this injury indicate that specific tissue, namely the apical region of the crown, should be the focus of attention when attempting to determine cause and effect between genetics or metabolism and cold acclimation in winter cereals. C1 USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Microscopy, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3,POB 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1139/B05-147 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 048KB UT WOS:000237944900003 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Thurow, RF AF Isaak, DJ Thurow, RF TI Network-scale spatial and temporal variation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd distributions: patterns inferred from spatially continuous replicate surveys SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; BULL TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS; SPAWNING HABITAT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHANNEL-TYPE; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; FISHES AB Spatially continuous sampling designs, when temporally replicated, provide analytical flexibility and are unmatched in their ability to provide a dynamic system view. We have compiled such a data set by georeferencing the network-scale distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds across a large wilderness basin (7330 km(2)) in central Idaho for 9 years (1995-2003). During this time, the population grew at a rate of 5.3 recruits per spawner, and redd numbers increased from 20 to 2271. As abundances increased, fish expanded into portions of the stream network that had recently been unoccupied. Even at the highest escapements, however, distributions remained clustered, and a limited portion of the network contained the majority of redds. The importance of the highest density spawning areas was greatest when abundances were low, suggesting these areas may serve as refugia during demographic bottlenecks. Analysis of variance indicated that redd numbers were strongly affected by local habitats and broad climatic controls, but also revealed a space-time interaction that suggested temporal instability in spatial patterns. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining habitats with high densities of individuals, but also suggest that broader views may be needed to accommodate the dynamics of natural salmonid populations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Forest Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ecohydraul Res Grp, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Forest Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 59 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1139/F05-214 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010XT UT WOS:000235232000005 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Johnson, KN Lennette, M Spies, TA Bettinger, P AF Thompson, JR Johnson, KN Lennette, M Spies, TA Bettinger, P TI Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy in a multiowner province: a simulation experiment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WESTERN OREGON; LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OLD FORESTS; PATTERNS; USA AB Using a landscape simulation model, we examined ecological and economic implications of forest policies designed to emulate the historical fire regime across the 2 x 106 ha Oregon Coast Range. Simulated policies included two variants of the current policy and three policies reflecting aspects of the historical fire regime. Policy development was guided by the management intentions of four owner groups: forest industry, nonindustrial private, state, and federal. Fire severity wits emulated with green-tree retention standards; fire frequency was emulated with annual harvestable area restrictions and fire extent was emulated with harvest-unit size regulations. Simulated disturbance-based policies produced age-class distributions closer to the estimated historical range than those created by the current policy. Within 100 years, proportions of younger forests were within the historical range, while older forests moved closer to, but remained below. historical conditions. In the near term, disturbance-based policies produced annual harvest volumes 20%-60% lower than those produced by the current policy. However, relative costs of disturbance-based policies diminished over time. Our results suggest that if expediting a return to historical age-class distributions at a provincial-scale was a goal, then public lands would be needed to provide large patches of old forest. In addition, this experiment illustrated that distributing costs and benefits of conservation policies equitably across Multiple private landowners is a significant challenge. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jonathan.thompson@oregonstate.edu OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 79 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 401 EP 417 DI 10.1139/X05-247 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900013 ER PT J AU Brockerhoff, EG Liebhold, AM Jactel, H AF Brockerhoff, EG Liebhold, AM Jactel, H TI The ecology of forest insect invasions and advances in their management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-ZEALAND; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; INVASIBILITY; LEPIDOPTERA; COMMUNITIES; COLEOPTERA; VOLATILES AB Invasions by nonindigenous forest insects can have spectacular effects on the biodiversity, ecology, and economy of affected areas. This introduction explores several critical issues that are generally relevant to invasions by forest insects to provide an extended background for this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research and highlights the key findings of the papers included in the issue. The topics covered address new information about (1) the role of cargo shipments as invasion pathways for the arrival of insects such as wood borers and bark beetles, (2) biogeographical effects that can influence the ecological and economic impact of insects feeding on exotic tree species, (3) the influence of biodiversity on impacts of forest insects and on the invasibility of ecosystem, and (4) recent advances in the detection, monitoring, and management of invasive species and native pests, including DNA barcooling for identification, the use of pheromones for monitoring and mating disruption, and biological control. These findings are likely to become even more important with elevated prevalence of invasions as a result of increasing global trade and international travel. Avenues of international communication and cooperation among scientists should be encouraged to enhance the sharing of information about biological invasions and to find solutions to this alarming problem. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Northeastern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. BIOGECO, Lab Forest Entom & Biodivers, Unite Mixte Rech Biodivers, F-33612 Cestas, France. RP Brockerhoff, EG (reprint author), POB 29237, Christchurch 8030, New Zealand. EM eckehard.brockerhoff@ensisjv.com RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; JACTEL, Herve/F-3864-2010 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; NR 49 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 49 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1139/x06-013 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900001 ER PT J AU Haack, RA AF Haack, RA TI Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA COLEOPTERA; PLATYPODIDAE COLEOPTERA; XYLEBORUS COLEOPTERA; PINE PLANTATIONS; AMBROSIA BEETLE; NEW-YORK; SCOLYTIDAE; RECORDS; THREAT; CURCULIONIDAE AB Data are given for the 25 new species of exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera first reported in the continental United States between 1985 and 2005, including 2 Buprestidae (Agrilus planipennis and Agrilus prionurus), 5 Cerambycidae (Anoplophora glabripennis, Callidiellum rufipenne, Phoracantha recurva, Sybra alternans, and tetrops praeusta), and 18 Scolytidae (Ambrosiodmus lewisi, Euwallacea fornicatus, Hylastes opacus, Hylurgops palliatus, Hylurgus ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus, Phloeosinus armatus, Pityogenes bidentatus, Scolytus schevyrewi, Tomicus piniperda, Xyleborinus alni, Xyleborus atratus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xyleborus pellictilosus, Xyleborus pfeilii, Xyleborus seriatus, Xyleborus similis, and Xylosandrus mutilatus). In addition, Summary interception data are presented for the wood-associated beetles in the families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lyctidae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae, based on the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service "Port Information Network" database for plant pests intercepted at US ports of entry from 1985 to 2000. Wood-associated insects were most often intercepted on crating, followed by dunnage and pallets. The live imported products most often associated with these 8341 interceptions were tiles, machinery, marble, steel, and ironware. A significantly higher proportion of the most frequently intercepted true bark beetles have become established in the United States compared with the less frequently intercepted species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM rhaack@fs.fed.us NR 85 TC 213 Z9 257 U1 4 U2 67 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 269 EP 288 DI 10.1139/x05-249 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900002 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ AF Bentz, BJ TI Mountain pine beetle population sampling: inferences from Lindgren pheromone traps and tree emergence cages SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BARK BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; BAITED TRAPS; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; LIPID-CONTENT; DISPERSAL; FIR; ATTRACTION AB Lindgren pheromone traps baited with a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)) lure were deployed for three consecutive years in lodgepole pine stands in central Idaho. Mountain pine beetle emergence was also monitored each year using cages on infested trees. Distributions of beetles caught in pheromone traps and emergence cages were compared. Each year, Mountain pine beetle emergence from infested trees occurred within a 30-d period, although beetles were caught in pheromone traps over a period as Iona as 130 d. A large proportion of the total number of beetles caught in pheromone traps occurred prior to and following peak emergence from infested trees. Beetles caught in pheromone traps during the main emergence period from infested trees had greater whole-body lipids compared to beetles caught early and late in the flight season. Low lipid content of beetles caught before and after the main emergence period could be the result of a long-distance flight caused by fewer sources of pheromone attraction on the landscape and (or) some proportion of reemerged parents in the sample. Results Suggest that pheromone traps disproportionately sample mountain pine beetle populations and that natural pheromone sources may influence the number and timing of beetles caught in synthetically baited traps. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bbentz@fs.fed.us RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1139/X05-241 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900008 ER PT J AU Gillette, NE Stein, JD Owen, DR Webster, JN Mori, SR AF Gillette, NE Stein, JD Owen, DR Webster, JN Mori, SR TI Pheromone-based disruption of Eucosma sonomana and Rhyacionia zozana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) using aerially applied microencapsulated pheromone SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PINE-SHOOT BORER; SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANTS; MATING-DISRUPTION; PONDEROSA PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; VERTICAL GROWTH; CONTROLS DAMAGE; OLETHREUTIDAE; PLANTATIONS; FORMULATION AB Two aerial applications of microencapsulated pheromone were conducted on five 20.2 hit plots to disrupt western pine shoot borer (Eucosma sonomana Kearfott) and ponderosa pine tip moth (Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) orientation to pheromones and oviposition in ponderosa pine plantations in 2002 and 2004. The first application was made at 29.6 g active ingredient (Al)/ha, and the second at 59.3 g Al/ha. Baited sentinel traps were used to assess disruption of orientation by both moth species toward pheromones, and E. sonomana infestation levels were tallied from 2001 to 2004. Treatments disrupted orientation by both species for several weeks, with the first lasting 35 days and the second for 75 days. Both applications reduced infestation by E. sonomana, but the lower application rate provided greater absolute reduction, perhaps because prior infestation levels were higher in 2002 than in 2004. Infestations in treated plots were reduced by two-thirds in both years, suggesting that while increasing the application rate may prolong disruption, it may not provide greater proportional efficacy in terms of tree protection. The incidence of infestations even in plots with complete disruption suggests that treatments missed some early emerging females or that mated females immigrated into treated Plots; thus operational testing should be timed earlier in the season and should comprise much larger plots. In both years, moths emerged earlier than reported previously, indicating that disruption programs should account for warmer climates in timing of applications. The Als we tested are behaviorally active for 13 other species of Rhyacionia and six other species of Eucosma, so the approach may have wide application. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Calif Dept Forestry & Fine Protect, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Total Forestry, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM ngillette@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1139/X05-152 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900009 ER PT J AU Weber, MH Hadley, KS Frenzen, PM Franklin, JF AF Weber, MH Hadley, KS Frenzen, PM Franklin, JF TI Forest development following muldflow deposition, Mount St. Helens, Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC NATIONAL-PARK; PLANT SUCCESSION; ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; MULTIPLE PATHWAYS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; 1980 ERUPTION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; MUDFLOW AB Volcanic mudflows are locally important disturbance agents in the Pacific Northwest rarely studied within the context of forest Succession. We describe 18 years (1981-1999) of forest development on the Muddy River mudflow deposit following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens using permanent plot data collected along two transects traversing the Cedar Flats river terrace. We analyze changing forest structure over the study period and compare results with mudflow deposition using correlation and pairwise comparisons, as well as ordination (detrended correspondence analysis) and cluster analysis. Our results show a statistically significant relationship between mudflow deposition and forest change. Following mudflow deposition, the site consisted of patches of high tree mortality caused by deep mudflow deposits in abandoned river channels its well as patches of accelerated regeneration of Surviving understory trees in areas of more shallow mudflow deposition and partial overstory mortality. mudflow deposition at the site initiated multiple stages of stand development with (1) early-colonizing red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) dominating deep deposition sites with fewer surviving trees, (2) gap recruitment and establishment by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Douglas-fir (Psetalotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on intermediate to deep deposition sites with more postburial surviving trees, and (3) late-seral conditions and accelerated succession on shallow burial sites, where tree mortality was low. The initiation of differing succession trajectories, Lis well as variability in the extent and timing of tree mortality following mudflow deposition, demonstrates a dynamic response to disturbance in relation to small-scale gradients of mudflow deposition. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Mt St Helens Natl Volcan Monument, Amboy, WA 98601 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Weber, MH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM mhweber@fs.fed.us OI Weber, Marc/0000-0002-9742-4744 NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1139/X05-257 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DX UT WOS:000237199900016 ER PT J AU Farid, A Rautenkranz, D Goodrich, DC Marsh, SE Sorooshian, S AF Farid, A. Rautenkranz, D. Goodrich, D. C. Marsh, S. E. Sorooshian, S. TI Riparian vegetation classification from airborne laser scanning data with an emphasis on cottonwood trees SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The high point density of airborne laser mapping systems enables achieving a detailed description of geographic objects and the terrain. Growing experience indicates, however, that extracting useful information directly from the data can be difficult. In this study, small-footprint lidar data were used to differentiate between young, mature, and old cottonwood trees in the San Pedro River Basin near Benson, Arizona, USA. The lidar data were acquired in June 2003, using the Optech Incorporated ALTM 1233 ( Optech Incorporated, Toronto, Ont.), during flyovers conducted at an altitude of 750 m. The lidar data were preprocessed to create a two-band image of the study site: a high-accuracy canopy altitude model band, and a near-infrared intensity band. These lidar-derived images provided the basis for supervised classification of cottonwood age categories, using a maximum likelihood algorithm. The results of classification illustrate the potential of airborne lidar data to differentiate age classes of cottonwood trees for riparian areas quickly and accurately. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Off Arid Land Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Farid, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM farid@hwr.arizona.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1750 COURTWOOD CRESCENT, STE 105, OTTAWA, ON K2C 2B5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 111KI UT WOS:000242449800002 ER PT J AU Gadhe, JB Gupta, RB Elder, T AF Gadhe, JB Gupta, RB Elder, T TI Surface modification of lignocellulosic fibers using high-frequency ultrasound SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE High Frequency Ultrasound; lignin; surface modification; thermomechanical pulp ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEAT-STRAW; WOOD FIBERS; SPECIES VARIATION; IR SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNINS; HEMICELLULOSES; IRRADIATION; EXTRACTIONS; DEGRADATION AB Enzymatic and chemical oxidation of fiber surfaces has been reported in the literature as a method for producing medium density fiberboards without using synthetic adhesives. This work focuses on modifying the surface properties of wood fibers by the generation of free radicals using high-frequency ultrasound. A sonochemical reactor operating at 610 kHz is used to sonicate the aqueous suspensions of thermomechanical pulp fibers (TMP). TMP is analyzed using FTIR-transmission, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP are represented by the peak area ratio A(1736)/A(1511) in the FTIR-transmission spectra and by A(1728)/A(1509) in the FTIR-ATR spectra. The increase in these ratios suggests that there is an increase in the number of non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP after sonication. To further investigate, sonication of the hydrolytic lignin was also carried out and analyzed using UV, UV-ionization and FTIR-transmission spectroscopy. The changes in the surface properties of the fibers are analyzed using IGC which showed an increase in the surface free energy of fibers. The effect of operating parameters such as power of ultrasound and sonication time is also studied. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Gupta, RB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gupta@auburn.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10570-005-9018-z PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 028LT UT WOS:000236489700002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JM Laird, DA AF Gonzalez, JM Laird, DA TI Smectite-catalyzed dehydration of glucose SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE abiotic transformation; carbohydrates; catalysis; furfural compounds; glucose dehydration; polymerization; smectite; soil organic matter formation ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SURFACE-ACIDITY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; DECOMPOSITION AB The objective of this study was to determine whether smectites abiotically catalyze transformation of glucose under conditions relevant to soil organic matter (SOM) formation. Four smectites saturated with Na, Ca, Fe and Al were incubated under abiotic conditions with glucose solutions for 21 days at 37 degrees C. After the incubations, soluble organic C recoveries ranged from 95 to 109.3%, relative to the amount of C added as glucose; however, glucose recoveries in the solutions ranged from 18.3 to 98.3%. The results indicate that a significant amount of the added glucose was abiotically transformed to soluble organic compounds other than glucose during the incubations. In general, glucose recoveries decreased with the acidic character of smectites: SWa-1 > Panther > Otay. Also, within clays, glucose recoveries decreased as the exchangeable cation became more acidic: Na > Ca > Al. Higher glucose recoveries were obtained for 'Fe-rich' smectites relative to 'Fe-poor' smectites, suggesting that Fe-oxyhydroxy coatings on smectite surfaces inhibit the transformation of glucose. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the incubation solutions revealed small peaks for 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde along with peaks for other unknown compounds. The results suggest that under conditions similar to those found in soils, smectites catalyze glucose dehydration to form furfural compounds. Polymerization of forfural compounds may be a major pathway leading to the formation of new humic materials in soils. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gonzalez, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Faming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM javier.gonzalez@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540105 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 021XL UT WOS:000236019100005 ER PT J AU Cunha, CW McGuire, TC Kappmeyer, LS Hines, SA Lopez, AM Dellagostin, OA Knowles, DP AF Cunha, CW McGuire, TC Kappmeyer, LS Hines, SA Lopez, AM Dellagostin, OA Knowles, DP TI Development of specific immunoglobulin Ga (IgGa) and IgGb antibodies correlates with control of parasitemia in Babesia equi infection SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTEIN EPITOPE; SURFACE PROTEIN; HORSES; GENE; ISOTYPES; SERUM; GAMMA; BOVIS AB In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Fed Univ Pelotas, Ctr Biotechnol, BR-99010900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cunha, CW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Dellagostin, Odir/C-2331-2009 OI Dellagostin, Odir/0000-0003-2803-4088 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 13 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.2.297-300.2006 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 015GG UT WOS:000235539300021 PM 16467341 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Garrod, MG Rockwood, AL Kushnir, MM Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R AF Miller, JW Garrod, MG Rockwood, AL Kushnir, MM Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R TI Measurement of total vitamin B-12 and holotranscobalamin, singly and in combination, in screening for metabolic vitamin B-12 deficiency SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; HOLO-TRANSCOBALAMIN; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLMALONIC ACID; POLYMORPHISM; SERUM; RISK; UNRELIABILITY AB Background: The standard screening test for vitamin B-12 deficiency, measurement of total plasma vitamin B-12, has limitations of sensitivity and specificity. Plasma vitamin B-12 bound to transcobalamin (holoTC) is the fraction of total vitamin B-12 available for tissue uptake and therefore has been proposed as a potentially useful alternative indicator of vitamin B-12 status. Methods: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of total vitamin B-12, holoTC, and a combination of both measures to screen for metabolic vitamin B-12 deficiency in an elderly cohort (age >= 60 years). Plasma methylmalonic acid and homocysteine were used as indicators of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Results: Low total vitamin B12 (< 148 pmol/L) and low holoTC (< 35 pmol/L) were observed in 6.5% and 8.0%, and increased methylmalonic acid (< 350 nmol/L) and homocysteine (> 13 mu mol/L) were observed in 12.1% and 17.0% of the study participants. In multiple regression models, holoTC explained 5%-6% more of the observed variance in methylmalonic acid and homocysteine than did total vitamin B-12 (P <= 0.004). ROC curve analysis indicated that total vitamin B-12 and holoTC were essentially equivalent in their ability to discriminate persons with and without vitamin B-12 deficiency. Individuals with low concentrations of both total vitamin B-12 and holoTC had significantly higher concentrations of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine than did individuals with total vitamin B-12 and/or holoTC within the reference intervals (P < 0.001). Conclusions: HoloTC and total vitamin B-12 have equal diagnostic accuracy in screening for metabolic vitamin B-12 deficiency. Measurement of both holoTC and total vitamin B-12 provides a better screen for vitamin B-12 deficiency than either assay alone. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Green, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, PATH Bldg,Room 1106,4400 V St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM ralph.green@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12975, R01 AG012975, R03 AG033751]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060753] NR 37 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.061382 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 008VU UT WOS:000235069600015 PM 16384886 ER PT J AU Humphrey, BD Stephensen, CB Calvert, CC Klasing, KC AF Humphrey, BD Stephensen, CB Calvert, CC Klasing, KC TI Lysine deficiency and feed restriction independently alter cationic amino acid transporter expression in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arginine; lymphocyte; lysine deficiency; system y(+) ID SITE-MEDIATED TRANSLATION; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; MESSENGER-RNA; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ADAPTIVE REGULATION; RT-PCR; ANIMAL-CELLS; FOOD-INTAKE; L-ARGININE; SYSTEM-A AB The effect of a lysine-deficient diet on cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1-3) mRNA expression was determined in broiler chickens. Chicks consumed a lysine-adequate (LA; 1.3% lysine) or lysine-deficient (LD; 0.7% lysine) diet. Pair-fed chicks consumed the LA diet in an amount equal to that consumed by LD chicks during the previous day (PLA). CAT 1-3 mRNA expression in the liver, pectoralis and bursa of LD chicks were lower than that of LA and PLA chicks (P<0.05), and levels were not detectable in LD chick thymus. High affinity CAT mRNA expression in isolated bursacytes was 16-fold higher in LD chicks than that of LA chicks (P<0.001). Thymocyte high affinity CAT mRNA expression was 5-fold lower than that of LA chicks (P<0.05). The summed amount of high affinity CAT-1 and CAT-3 mRNA expression in chicks fed a lysine adequate diet was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.51; P<0.001) to a tissue's growth during a lysine deficiency or feed restriction. In the thymus and bursa of LD chicks, CAT mRNA levels differed between resident lymphocytes and their surrounding tissues. By expressing high affinity CAT isoforms, developing lymphocytes may have a greater ability to obtain lysine than their surrounding tissue during a lysine deficiency. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klasing, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kcklasing@ucdavis.edu NR 56 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 143 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.11.019 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 015WY UT WOS:000235583300009 PM 16406639 ER PT J AU Lefcout, AM Kim, MS AF Lefcout, AM Kim, MS TI Technique for normalizing intensity histograms of images when the approximate size of the target is known: Detection of feces on apples using fluorescence imaging SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; hyperspectral imaging; imaging; fecal contamination; methodology ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM AB A challenge in machine vision is to develop algorithms for detecting a substance with an amorphous shape when measured responses of both the substance and the underlying target have similar characteristics. The challenge is exacerbated when responses for targets are highly variable both across and within discrete target units. An example of this problem is the detection of fecal contamination on apples. Feces on apples can be detected using differential fluorescence responses of contaminated and uncontaminated apple surfaces to UV excitation. However, responses of both feces and apples are due to the presence of chlorophyll-related compounds, and the response of apples varies within and between apples due to natural variation in the distribution of these compounds. We present a technique for normalizing the variability of intensity responses among targets based on a priori knowledge of the image dimensions and the approximate target size. Using this information, a linear equation is derived based on the approximate median intensities of the background and of the target. The median intensities are estimated by calculating a cumulative intensity histogram and using a priori estimates of the percentage of the area in the image occupied by the background and by a generic target. The image is scaled for uniform intensity power using this linear transformation. The benefits of using this technique are demonstrated using hyperspectral fluorescence responses to UV excitation of 48 Golden Delicious and 48 Red Delicious apples artificially contaminated with dilutions of cow feces. Results show that the uniform power transformation normalizes the intensity distributions of apple images and increases the contrast between contaminated and uncontaminated areas on apple surfaces; the coefficients of variation for the average intensities of uncontaminated apple surfaces at 668 nm for Golden and Red Delicious apples were reduced from 39 and 55%, respectively, to 5% for both varieties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcout, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alefcour@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2005.10.001 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 011EQ UT WOS:000235251200005 ER PT J AU Maschinski, J Baggs, JE Quintana-Ascencio, PE Menges, ES AF Maschinski, J Baggs, JE Quintana-Ascencio, PE Menges, ES TI Using population viability analysis to predict the effects of climate change on the extinction risk of an endangered limestone endemic shrub, Arizona cliffrose SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; endangered species; global warming; population viability analysis; Purshia subintegra ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; DESERT SHRUBS; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; DROUGHT; BIODIVERSITY; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; DEMOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION AB The threat of global warming to rare species is a growing concern, yet few studies have predicted its effects on rare populations. Using demographic data gathered in both drought and nondrought years between 1996-2003 in central Arizona upper Sonoran Desert, we modeled population viability for the federally endangered Purshia subintegra (Kearney) Henrickson (Arizona cliffrose). We used deterministic matrix projection models and stochastic models simulating weather conditions during our study, given historical weather variation and under scenarios of increased aridity. Our models suggest that the P subintegra population in Verde Valley is slowly declining and will be at greater risk of extinction with increased aridity. Across patches at a fine spatial scale, demographic performance was associated with environmental factors. Moist sites (patches with the highest soil moisture, lowest sand content, and most northern aspects) had the highest densities, highest seedling recruitment, and highest risk of extinction over the shortest time span. Extinction risk in moist sites was exacerbated by higher variance in recruitment and mortality. Dry sites had higher cumulative adult survival and lower extinction risk but negative growth rates. Steps necessary for the conservation of the species include introductions at more northern latitudes and in situ manipulations to enhance seedling recruitment and plant survival. We demonstrate that fine spatial-scale modeling is necessary to predict where patches with highest extinction risk or potential refugia for rare species may occur. Because current climate projections for the 21st century imply range shifts at rates of 300 to 500 km/century, which are beyond even exceptional examples of shifts in the fossil record of 100-150 km, it is likely that preservation of many rare species will require human intervention and a long-term commitment. Global warming conditions are likely to reduce the carrying capacity of many rare species' habitats. C1 Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Arboretum Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, Humboldt Toiyabe Natl Forest, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA. RP Maschinski, J (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33156 USA. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00272.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 012UT UT WOS:000235367100023 PM 16909675 ER PT J AU Bautista-Banos, S Hernandez-Lauzardo, AN Velazquez-del Valle, MG Hernandez-Lopez, M Barka, EA Bosquez-Molina, E Wilson, CL AF Bautista-Banos, S Hernandez-Lauzardo, AN Velazquez-del Valle, MG Hernandez-Lopez, M Barka, EA Bosquez-Molina, E Wilson, CL TI Chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE natural compounds; plant diseases; poly (1-4)-beta-D-glucosamine; postharvest ID BELL PEPPER FRUIT; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CYTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; RHIZOPUS-STOLONIFER; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; FRESH STRAWBERRIES; INDUCED RESISTANCE; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; FUSARIUM-SOLANI AB Chitosan, a given name to a deacetylated form of chitin, is a natural biodegradable compound derived from crustaceous shells such as crabs and shrimps, whose main attributes corresponds to its polycationic nature. Chitosan has been proven to control numerous pre and postharvest diseases on various horticultural commodities. It has been reported that both soil and foliar plant pathogens fungal, bacterial and viral may be controlled by chitosan application. Microscopical observations indicate that chitosan has a direct effect on the morphology of the chitosan-treated microorganism reflecting its fungistatic or fungicidal potential. In addition to its direct microbial activity, other studies strongly suggest that chitosan induces a series of defence reactions correlated with enzymatic activities. Chitosan has been shown to increase the production of glucanohydrolases., phenolic compounds and synthesis of specific phytoalexins with antifungal activity, and also reduces macerating enzymes such as polygalacturonases, pectin metil esterase etc. In addition, chitosan induces structural barriers for example inducing the synthesis of lignin-like material. For some horticultural and ornamental commodities, chitosan increased harvested yield. Due to its ability to form a semipermeable coating, chitosan extends the shelf life of treated fruit and vegetables by minimizing the rate of respiration and reducing water loss. As a nontoxic biodegradable material, as well as an elicitor, chitosan has the potential to become a new class of plant protectant, assisting towards the goal of sustainable agriculture. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Reims, UFR Sci, URVC, Lab Stress Def & Reprod Plantes,UPRES EA 2069, F-51687 Reims 2, France. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bautista-Banos, S (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot, Carretera Yautepec Jojutla Km,8-5 San Isidro, Yautepec 62731, Morelos, Mexico. EM sbautis@ipn.mx OI Ait Barka, Essaid/0000-0002-5138-306X NR 97 TC 269 Z9 309 U1 26 U2 146 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.010 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 001KP UT WOS:000234532300002 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Wagner, KK Nolte, DL Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ AF Arjo, WM Wagner, KK Nolte, DL Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ TI Potential non-target risks from strychnine-containing rodent carcasses SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE insect; non-target; pocket gopher; scavenging; strychnine; tertiary risk; Thomomys ID POCKET GOPHER; HAZARDS; OREGON AB Underground strychnine baiting is a common technique used to suppress pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.) populations until seedlings are established. Non-target risks from underground baiting can still occur if strychnine-baited animals die aboveground. Accordingly, the fate of strychnine-baited carcasses of four small mammal species, Thomomys, Mus, Microtus, and Peromyscus, were documented during four trials on the Rogue River National Forest. We found no difference among species and type of damage, either insect or predator, during the four trials. However, survival differed between species in two trials where fewer Thomomys carcasses survived until completion of the Study. We also examined the risk to tertiary non-targets from insects collected at the sites. Strychnine concentration among insect groups from treated carcasses differed with Diptera larvae and ants consistently containing higher concentrations. Even with high strychnine concentrations (0.2756 mu g/g), risk assessments showed negligible tertiary risks from consuming strychnine-laced insects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olypmia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Arjo, WM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olypmia Field Stn, 9730-B Lathrop Ind Dr,SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.018 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 001KP UT WOS:000234532300012 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Walters, C AF Volk, GM Walters, C TI Plant vitrification solution 2 lowers water content and alters freezing behavior in shoot tips during cryoprotection SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; Allium sativum; garlic; Mentha; mint; shoot tip; differential scanning calorimetry ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; VAR BRASILIENSIS TANAKA; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANUM; RYE PROTOPLASTS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; EMBRYONIC AXES; NUCELLAR CELLS; TISSUE WATER AB Plant shoot tips do not survive exposure to liquid nitrogen temperatures without cryoprotective treatments. Some cryoprotectant solutions, such as plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2), dehydrate cells and decrease lethal ice formation, but the extent of dehydration and the effect on water freezing properties are not known. We examined the effect of a PVS2 cryoprotection protocol on the water content and phase behavior of mint and garlic shoot tips using differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature and enthalpy of water melting transitions in unprotected and recovering shoot tips were comparable to dilute aqueous solutions. Exposure to PVS2 changed the behavior of water in shoot tips: enthalpy of melting transitions decreased to about 40 J g H2O-1 (compared to 333 J g H2O-1 for pure H2O), amount of unfrozen water increased to similar to 0.7 g H2O g dry mass(-1) (compared to similar to 0.4 g H2O g dry mass(-1) for unprotected shoot tips), and a glass transition (T-g) at - 115 degrees C was apparent. Evaporative drying at room temperature was slower in PVS2-treated shoot tips compared to shoot tips receiving no cryoprotection treatments. We quantified the extent that ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide components permeate into shoot tips and replace some of the water. Since T-g in PVS2-treated shoot tips occurs at - 115 degrees C, mechanisms other than glass formation prevent freezing at temperatures between 0 and - 115 degrees C. Protection is likely a result of controlled dehydration or altered thermal properties of intracellular water. A comparison of thermodynamic measurements for cryoprotection solutions in diverse plant systems will identify efficacy among cryopreservation protocols. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 54 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.09.004 PG 14 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 017KO UT WOS:000235692700005 PM 16321367 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Smith, M Kibblewhite-Accinelli, R Williams, TG Wagschal, K Robertson, GH Wong, DWS AF Lee, CC Smith, M Kibblewhite-Accinelli, R Williams, TG Wagschal, K Robertson, GH Wong, DWS TI Isolation and characterization of a cold-active xylanase enzyme from Flavobacterium sp. SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; SITE; DEGRADATION; HYDROLASES; FAMILIES; BIOLOGY; STRAIN AB Xylan is the major component of hemicellulose, and xylan should be fully utilized to improve the efficiencies of a biobased economy. There are a variety of industrial reaction conditions in which an active xylanase enzyme would be desired. As a result, xylanase enzymes with different activity profiles are of great interest. We isolated a xylanase gene (xyn10) from a Flavobacterium sp. whose sequence suggests that it is a glycosyl hydrolase family 10 member. The enzyme has a temperature optimum of 30 degrees C, is active at cold temperatures, and is thermolabile. The enzyme has an apparent K(m) of 1.8 mg/ml and k(cat) of 100 sec(-1) for beechwood xylan, attacks highly branched native xylan substrates, and does not have activity against glucans. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clee@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 2 BP 112 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-4583-9 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 013XQ UT WOS:000235443700007 PM 16450065 ER PT J AU Groover, A Robischon, M AF Groover, A Robischon, M TI Developmental mechanisms regulating secondary growth in woody plants SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HYBRID ASPEN; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FORMING TISSUES; EXPRESSED GENES; POPLAR; LIGNIN; PINE; LIGNIFICATION; DEPOSITION AB Secondary growth results in the radial expansion of woody stems, and requires the coordination of tissue patterning, cell differentiation, and the maintenance of meristematic stem cells within the vascular cambium. Advances are being made towards describing molecular mechanisms that regulate these developmental processes, thanks in part to the application of new genetic technologies to forest trees, and the extension of knowledge about evolutionarily conserved mechanisms from model annuals. New studies demonstrate a central role for developmental mechanisms that involve transcriptional regulators, phytohormones and the cell wall in regulating secondary growth. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Groover, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 13 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.11.013 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 009CR UT WOS:000235089300009 PM 16337827 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Birdsey, R Hom, J McCullough, K Clark, K AF Pan, Y Birdsey, R Hom, J McCullough, K Clark, K TI Improved estimates of net primary productivity from MODIS satellite data at regional and local scales SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem modeling; forest inventory data; MODIS; net primary production (NPP); soil water index ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LAND-USE; DEPOSITION; GROSS; CO2 AB We compared estimates of net primary production (NPP) from the MODIS satellite with estimates from a forest ecosystem process model (PnET-CN) and forest inventory and an analysis (FIA) data for forest typed of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The regional means were similar for the three methods and for the dominant oakhickory forests in the region. However, MODIS underestimated NPP for less-dominant northern hardwood forests and overestimated NPP for coniferous forests. Causes of inaccurate estimates of NPP by MODIS were (1) an aggregated classification and parameterization of diverse deciduous forests in different climatic environments into a single class that averages different radiation conversion efficiencies; and (2) lack of soil water constraints on NPP for forests or areas that occur on thin or sandy, coarse-grained soil. We developed the soil water index" for adjusting the MODIS NPP estimates, which significantly improved NPP estimates for coniferous forests. The MODIS NPP estimates have many advantages such as globally continuous monitoring and remarkable accuracy for large scales'. However, at regional or local scales, our study indicates that it is necessary to adjust estimates to specific vegetation types and soil water conditions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1890/05-0247 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100012 PM 16705966 ER PT J AU Burhans, DE Thompson, FR AF Burhans, DE Thompson, FR TI Songbird abundance and parasitism differ between urban and rural shrublands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; landscape; nest predation; nesting success; shrubland; songbirds; urban ID NEST PREDATION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RECREATIONAL TRAILS; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; ARTIFICIAL NEST; MIGRATORY BIRDS; FOREST BIRDS; OLD FIELDS; HABITAT AB Many studies have examined differences in avian community composition between urban and rural habitats, but few, if any, have looked at nesting success of urban shrubland birds in a replicated fashion while controlling for habitat. We tested factors affecting nest survival, parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), and species abundance in shrubland habitat in rural and urban landscapes. We found no support for our hypothesis that nest survival was lower in urban landscapes, but strong support for the hypothesis that survival increased with nest height. We found strong support for our hypothesis that cowbird parasitism was greater in urban than rural landscapes; parasitism in urban sites was at least twice that of rural sites. We found strong support for an urban landscape effect on abundance for several species; Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) and Brown-headed Cowbirds were more abundant in urban landscapes, whereas Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus) were more abundant in rural sites. There was support for lower abundances of Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) with increased housing density. For six other species, edge and trail density or vegetation parameters best explained abundance. Lower abundances and greater parasitism in habitat patches in urban landscapes are evidence that, for some species, these urban landscapes do not fulfill the same role as comparable habitats in rural landscapes. Regional bird conservation planning and local habitat management in urban landscapes may need to consider these effects in efforts to sustain bird populations at regional and local scales. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Forest Serv N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burhans, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM burhansd@missouri.edu NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 394 EP 405 DI 10.1890/04-0927 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100034 PM 16705988 ER PT J AU Wiens, JD Noon, BR Reynolds, RT AF Wiens, JD Noon, BR Reynolds, RT TI Post-fledging survival of northern goshawks: The importance of prey abundance, weather, and dispersal SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; Arizona; USA; dispersal; distance sampling; juvenile survival; known-fate models; Northern Goshawk; prey abundance; radiotelemetry; weather ID SPARROWHAWKS ACCIPITER-NISUS; SPOTTED OWL; POSTNESTLING BEHAVIOR; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; MARKED ANIMALS; HATCHING DATE; GREAT TITS; POPULATIONS; GENTILIS AB Effective wildlife conservation strategies require an understanding of how fluctuating environmental conditions affect sensitive life stages. As part of a long-term study, we examined post-fledging and post-independence survival of 89 radio-marked juvenile Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) produced from 48 nests in northern Arizona, USA, during 1998-2001. Information-theoretic methods were used to examine within- and among-year variation in survival relative to environmental (prey abundance, weather), territory (hatching date, brood size), and individual (gender, body mass) sources of variation. The results support age- and cohort-specific differences in survival that were best explained by behaviors occurring at distinct stages of juvenile development, annual changes in the density of primary bird and mammal prey species, and gender-related differences in body mass. Survival between fledging and independence increased linearly with age and varied among annual cohorts of radio-marked juveniles from 0.81 (95% CI = 0.60-0.93) to 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95-1.00) in association with annual differences in prey density; the slope coefficient for the additive effect of prey density on survival was 1.12 (95% CI = 0.06-2.19). Survival declined to 0.71 (95% CI = 0.60-0.93) shortly after juveniles initiated dispersal (weeks 8-12 post-fledging) and moved to more open habitats at lower elevations. Survival was not closely associated with weather or territory-level parameters. A comparison of the predictions of environmental-, territory-, and individual-based models of survival demonstrated that food availability was the primary factor limiting juvenile survival. This finding indicates that forest management prescriptions designed to support abundant prey populations while providing forest structural conditions that allow goshawks to access their prey within breeding areas should benefit juvenile survival. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wiens, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jdwiens@comcast.net RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 64 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 406 EP 418 DI 10.1890/04-1915 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028SW UT WOS:000236510100035 PM 16705989 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Safford, HD Grace, JB Viers, JH Davies, KF AF Harrison, S Safford, HD Grace, JB Viers, JH Davies, KF TI Regional and local species richness in an insular environment: Serpentine plants in California SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; geologic age; local richness; plant diversity; productivity-diversity; regional richness; serpentine; spatial habitat structure; species-area; species-energy; structural equation modeling ID HABITAT PATCHINESS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; ENDEMIC PLANT; PATH-ANALYSIS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SCALE; METACOMMUNITIES; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY AB We asked how the richness of the specialized (endemic) flora of serpentine rock outcrops in California varies at both the regional and local scales. Our study had two goals: first, to test whether endemic richness is affected by spatial habitat structure (e.g., regional serpentine area, local serpentine outcrop area, regional and local measures of outcrop isolation), and second, to conduct this test in the context of a broader assessment of environmental influences. (e.g., climate, soils, vegetation, disturbance) and historical influences (e.g., geologic age, geographic province) on local and regional species richness. We measured endemic and total richness and environmental variables in 109 serpentine sites (1000-m(2) paired plots) in 78 serpentine-containing regions of the state. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to simultaneously relate regional richness to regional-scale predictors, and local richness to both local-scale and regional-scale predictors. Our model for serpentine endemics explained 66% of the variation in local endemic richness based on local environment (vegetation, soils, rock cover) and on regional endemic richness. It explained 73% of the variation in regional endemic richness based on regional environment (climate and productivity), historical factors (geologic age and geographic province), and spatial structure (regional total area of serpentine, the only significant spatial variable in our analysis). We did not find a strong influence of spatial structure on species richness. However, we were able to distinguish local vs. regional influences on species richness to a novel extent, despite the existence of correlations between local and regional conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0001-7957-7942 NR 87 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1890/05-0910 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029KV UT WOS:000236562100004 ER PT J AU Benstead, JP March, JG Fry, B Ewel, KC Pringle, CM AF Benstead, JP March, JG Fry, B Ewel, KC Pringle, CM TI Testing isosource: Stable isotope analysis of a tropical fishery with diverse organic matter sources SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; food webs; IsoSource; mangrove; Micronesia; mixing models; seagrasses; stable isotope analysis; sulfur ID EPIPHYTIC ALGAE; MIXING MODELS; SEAGRASS BEDS; FOOD-WEB; CARBON; SULFUR; MANGROVES; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; PLANTS AB We sampled consumers and organic matter sources (mangrove litter, freshwater swamp-forest litter, seagrasses, seagrass epiphytes, and marine particulate organic matter [MPOM]) from four estuaries on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia for stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta S-34) analysis. Unique mixing solutions cannot be calculated in a dual-isotope, five-endmember scenario, so we tested IsoSource, a recently developed statistical procedure that calculates ranges in source contributions (i.e., minimum and maximum possible). ReNtively high minimum contributions indicate significant sources, while low maxima indicate otherwise. Litter from the two forest types was isotopically distinguishable but had low average minimum contributions (0-8% for mangrove litter and 0% for swamp-forest litter among estuaries). Minimum contribution of MPOM was also low, averaging 0-13% among estuaries. Instead, local marine sources dominated contributions to consumers. Minimum contributions of seagrasses averaged 8-47% among estuaries (range 0-88% among species). Minimum contributions of seagrass epiphytes averaged 5-27% among estuaries (range 0-69% among species). IsoSource enabled inclusion of five organic matter sources in our dual-isotope analysis, ranking trophic importance as follows: seagrasses > seagrass epiphytes > MPOM > mangrove forest > freshwater swamp-forest. IsoSource is thus a useful step toward understanding which of multiple organic matter sources support food webs; more detailed work is necessary to identify unique solutions. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Benstead, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM jbenstead@bama.ua.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 25 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1890/05-0721 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024SC UT WOS:000236215400009 PM 16637358 ER PT J AU Palik, B Batzer, D Kern, C AF Palik, B Batzer, D Kern, C TI Upland forest linkages to seasonal wetlands: Litter flux, processing, and food quality SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE seasonal wetlands; ecosystem linkages; forest wetlands; CPOM; litter flux; litter breakdown; wetland invertebrates ID FLOODPLAIN FOREST; LEAF LITTER; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; MINNESOTA; ABUNDANCE; NITROGEN; USA AB The flux of materials across ecosystem boundaries has significant effects on recipient systems. Because of edge effects, seasonal wetlands in upland forest are good systems to explore these linkages. The purpose of this study was to examine flux of coarse particulate organic matter as litter fall into seasonal wetlands in Minnesota, and the relationship of this flux to development of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). We hypothesized that litter flux into seasonal wetlands was dominated by upland plant litter that was lower quality and slower to breakdown than wetland litter, and that development rate of mosquitoes reared on upland litter was less than those reared on wetland litter. Of total litter fall into the wetlands, 71% originated in upland forest. Carbon to nitrogen ratios differed between upland litter (mostly sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves) and wetland litter (mostly black ash (Fraxinus nirgra) leaves), averaging 63.9 and 47.7, respectively over two years. Breakdown rate of black ash leaves was faster than upland leaves (k ( day(-1)) = 0.00329 and 0.00156, respectively), based on the average between wetland margins and centers. Development of mosquito larvae fed black ash leaves was faster than larvae fed upland leaves. Our results demonstrate linkages between upland forests and seasonal wetlands through litter fall. The abundance of upland litter in the wetlands may influence litter breakdown and carbon assimilation by invertebrates. Wetlands receiving high amounts of upland versus wetland litter may be lower quality habitats for invertebrates that depend on detrital pools for their development. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Palik, B (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 E Highway 169, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM bpalik@fs.fed.us RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD FEB PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0010-0 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017DE UT WOS:000235673500011 ER PT J AU Vourc'h, G Bridges, VE Gibbens, J De Groot, BD McIntyre, L Poland, R Barnouin, J AF Vourc'h, G Bridges, VE Gibbens, J De Groot, BD McIntyre, L Poland, R Barnouin, J TI Detecting emerging diseases in farm animals through clinical observations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; IDENTIFICATION; CATTLE; FRANCE; HEALTH AB Predicting emerging diseases is among the most difficult challenges facing researchers and health managers. We present available approaches and tools to detect emerging diseases in animals based on clinical observations of farm animals by veterinarians. Three information systems are described and discussed: Veterinary Practitioner Aided Disease Surveillance in New Zealand, the Rapid Syndrome Validation Project-Animal in the United States, and "emergences" in France. These systems are based on syndromic surveillance with the notification of every case or of specific clinical syndromes or on the notification of atypical clinical cases. Data are entered by field veterinarians into forms available through Internet-accessible devices. Beyond challenges of implementing new information systems, minimizing economic and health effects from emerging diseases in animals requires strong synergies across a group of field partners, in research, and in international animal and public health customs and practices. C1 INRA, Unite Epidemiol Anim, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Defra, London, England. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Massey Univ, EpiCtr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Minist Agr & Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Vourc'h, G (reprint author), INRA, Unite Epidemiol Anim, Route Theix, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. EM gvourch@clermont.inra.fr NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400004 PM 16494743 ER PT J AU de Moura, L Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Wada, MY Jones, JL Tuboi, SH Carmo, EH Ramalho, WM Camargo, NJ Trevisan, R Graca, RMT da Silva, AJ Moura, I Dubey, JP Garrett, DO AF de Moura, L Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Wada, MY Jones, JL Tuboi, SH Carmo, EH Ramalho, WM Camargo, NJ Trevisan, R Graca, RMT da Silva, AJ Moura, I Dubey, JP Garrett, DO TI Waterborne toxoplasmosis, Brazil, from field to gene SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; DRINKING-WATER; GONDII OOCYSTS; CHICKENS; CATS; DNA AB Water was the suspected vehicle of Toxoplasma gondii dissemination in a toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil. A case-control study and geographic mapping of cases were performed. T gondii was isolated directly from the implicated water and genotyped as SAG 2 type I. C1 Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28013600 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Minist Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Secretaria Saude Estado Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Lab Cent Saude Publ, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bahia-Oliveira, LMG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28013600 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lilian@uenf.br RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013; Massa Ramalho, Walter/E-4481-2016 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079; Massa Ramalho, Walter/0000-0001-5085-5670 NR 15 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 326 EP 329 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 011SC UT WOS:000235287400026 PM 16494765 ER PT J AU Puzziferri, N Blankenship, J Wolfe, BM AF Puzziferri, N Blankenship, J Wolfe, BM TI Surgical treatment of obesity SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Review DE morbid obesity; gastric bypass; adjustable gastric band; treatment outcome; gastroplasty; jejunoileal bypass ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC BYPASS; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; VERTICAL BANDED GASTROPLASTY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BODY-MASS INDEX; ROUX-EN-Y; PLASMA GHRELIN LEVELS; INDUCED WEIGHT-LOSS; VITAMIN-D STATUS AB The surgical treatment of obesity has existed for over 50 yr. Surgical options have evolved from high-risk procedures infrequently performed, to safe, effective procedures increasingly performed. The operations used today provide significant durable weight loss, resolution or marked improvement of obesity-related comorbidities, and enhanced quality of life for the majority of patients. The effect of bariatric surgery on the neurohormonal regulation of energy homeostasis is not fully understood. Despite its effectiveness, less than 1% of obese patients are treated surgically. The perception that obesity surgery is unsafe remains a deterrent to care. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div GI Endocrine Surg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Puzziferri, N (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div GI Endocrine Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM Nancy.puzziferri@utsouthwestem.edu NR 153 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1385/ENDO:29:1:11 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 032JZ UT WOS:000236772000003 PM 16622288 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, RW Klepzig, KD Moser, JC Ayres, MP AF Hofstetter, RW Klepzig, KD Moser, JC Ayres, MP TI Seasonal dynamics of mites and fungi and their interaction with Southern Pine Beetle SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mutualism; bark beetle; Tarsonemus; Ophiostoma; Dendroctonus ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; POPULATION-CYCLES; MYCANGIAL FUNGUS; TARSONEMUS-MITES; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; SCOLYTIDAE; OUTBREAKS; COMPETITION; ASCOSPORES AB We evaluated whether Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann populations were influenced by nontrophic interactions involving commensal mites, their mutualistic bluestain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedge.) H. and P. Sydow, and beetle-mutualistic mycangial fungi. We tested for effects of delayed, nonlinear, or positive feedback from O. minus and mites on D. frontalis population growth. We predicted that (1) high mite densities have demographic consequences for beetles by influencing the prevalence of O. minus and antagonistic interactions between O. minus and mycangial fungi, and (2) inter-relations and abundances of mites and fungi differentially vary throughout the year in a seasonally variable climate. Surveys of D. ftontalis populations revealed that temporal and spatial patterns in abundance of mites and their mutualistic fungus, O. minus were inversely related with beetle population growth. Negative demographic effects of O. minus on D, frontalis were nonlinear, only affecting beetle per capita reproduction when fungi colonized > 35% of phloem habitat. Mite abundance was strongly correlated with O. minus and was an important driving force in promoting bluestain prevalence within trees. Spring abundances of mites and the prevalence of O. minus during D. ftontalis infestation formation were strong predictors of beetle population decline later that year. The two mutualistic fungi associated with D. ftontalis cycled seasonally but did not seem to influence beetle population dynamics. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hofstetter, RW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM rich.hofstetter@nav.edu NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013IJ UT WOS:000235402700003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, D Cottrell, T Horton, D Hodges, A Hodges, G AF Jenkins, D Cottrell, T Horton, D Hodges, A Hodges, G TI Hosts of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), in Central Georgia SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunus umbellata; Prunus angustifolia; Vaccinium stamineum; Vitis rotundifolia; peaches ID UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; OVIPOSITION; BLUEBERRY; BIOLOGY; APPLE AB Potential host plants for the larvae of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in central Georgia's peach producing region were surveyed. This fruit-attacking curculionid. is reported to have a broad host range, including many plants in the Rosaceae and other families. However, our collections indicated that in this region plum curculio largely is limited to peach (Prunus persica) and plum (P. angustifolia and P. umbellata). Abandoned peach orchards and wild plum thickets are important hosts for the spring generation of plum curculio and are sources of subsequent infestations of managed peach orchards. However, only abandoned peach orchards were available to the summer generation of plum curculio. May haw, Crataegus aestivalis, was also a host, but other species of Crataegus were not used. Although the plum curculio, was reported to be a significant pest of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) in North Carolina, New Jersey, and Delaware, they were only rarely used as a host in central Georgia. Apple (Malus domestica) and Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), when available, were ovipositional hosts of plum curculio in central Georgia; however, no larvae emerged from these hosts. We report the first records of plum curculio, developing in Vaccinium stamineum and Vitis rotundifolia. Our results are compared with a previous survey conducted in the northeastern United States, as well as to data reported in the literature. C1 USDA, ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Entomol & Nematol Dept IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jenkins, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campus Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM maydj@ars-grin.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013IJ UT WOS:000235402700006 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA AF Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA TI Suppression of house flies (Diptera : Muscidae) in Florida poultry houses by sustained releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptorellus; Spalangia carneroni; house fly; biological control; poultry ID NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS HYMENOPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS DIPTERA; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STABLE FLIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLY DIPTERA; NEW-YORK; VARIABLE TEMPERATURES; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT AB Weekly releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner and Spalangia cameroni Perkins were made for 12 wk after house cleanouts in Florida pullet houses in either spring/summer (May-August) or fall (September-December). Releases were made by weekly placement of 62,500 and 85,000 pupae parasitized by M. raptorellus and S. cameroni, respectively, which produced an average of 79,049 and 32,841 adult female parasitoids per week. House fly (Musca domestica L.) pupal mortality, as measured by sentinel pupae, was about twice as high in the release house (40.2%) as in the two control houses (21.5 and 21.8%) in the summer release. Pupal mortality in the fall was three to four times higher in the release house (45.6%) as in the two control houses (13.6 and 8.4%). Although successful parasitism of sentinel pupae was only approximate to 8.4% in the release houses in both studies, parasitism was significantly higher than the control houses in both summer (3.9 and 1.7%) and fall (0.0 and 0.8%) releases. Fly populations were high in both studies but significantly lower in the release houses than the controls in both summer (361.5 versus 450.3 and 584.4 spots/spot card/wk) and fall (477.1 versus 971.4 and 851.8 spots/card/wk) releases. An average of 4.8 M. raptorellus emerged from each pupa parasitized by this species, with parasite loads ranging from 1 (8.6%) to 17 (0.07%) adults emerged per parasitized pupa. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. EM cgeden@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 27 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013IJ UT WOS:000235402700009 ER PT J AU Pontius, JA Hallett, RA Jenkins, JC AF Pontius, JA Hallett, RA Jenkins, JC TI Foliar chemistry linked to infestation and susceptibility to hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera : Adelgidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic pest; forest health; eastern hemlock; Tsuga canadensis ID NEW-ENGLAND; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; RESISTANT; SURVIVAL; SULFUR; PLANTS AB Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Armand) is an invasive insect pest that is causing widespread mortality of eastern hemlock. However, some stands remain living more than a decade after infestation. To date, this has been attributed to site and climatic variables. This multi-tiered study examines the role foliar chemistry may play in A. tsugae success and subsequent hemlock decline. Comparisons of resistant and susceptible hemlock species indicate higher concentrations of P and lower concentrations of N in resistant species. On experimentally colonized hemlocks, the numbers of live sistens present after two A. tsugae generations was correlated with higher K and lower P concentrations. A regional T canadensis monitoring effort showed that concentrations of Ca, K, N, and P were most strongly correlated with A. tsugae densities, which was the driving factor in hemlock decline. From the results of this study, we hypothesize that higher N and K concentrations may enhance hemlock palatability, thereby increasing A. tsugae population levels, whereas higher concentrations of Ca and P may deter more severe infestations. Foliar chemistry alone can explain over one-half of the variability in hemlock decline witnessed at 45 monitoring plots across the northeastern United States. Combining chemistry and traditional site factors, an 11-class decline rating could be predicted with 98% 1-class tolerance accuracy on an independent validation set. These results suggest that foliar chemistry may play a role in eastern hemlock susceptibility to A. tsugae infestation and should be included in risk assessment models. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03024 USA. Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Pontius, JA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03024 USA. EM jpontius@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 35 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013IJ UT WOS:000235402700013 ER PT J AU Ditzler, CA Ahrens, RJ AF Ditzler, C. A. Ahrens, R. J. TI Development of soil taxonomy in the United States of America SO EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Soil Taxonomy was developed primarily for the practical purpose of supporting the National Cooperative Soil Survey Program in the United States. The previous system of classification was limited in its usefulness and could not be applied consistently by a large cadre of soil scientists with diverse levels of skill and experience. The first edition of Soil Taxonomy, published in 1975, was developed under the leadership of Dr. Guy Smith over a period of about 25 years. The magnitude and complexity of the information favored the use of a hierarchical system presented as a key for consistent application. Operational definitions were used to identify taxonomic limits and diagnostic horizons and features, so that each taxon conveyed the same meaning to every user. The application of Soil Taxonomy had several important impacts on the soil survey program in the United States. The emphasis on objective, measurable diagnostic horizons and features to define classes made all competent soil scientists, regardless of experience and rank, equally capable of accurately and consistently classifying soils. The use of quantitative class differentia improved the quantity and quality of the field data collection. The property ranges of soil series and their geographic distribution have generally been narrowed over time, thus, allowing more precise interpretations to be made. Soil Taxonomy has benefited the soil correlation process by grouping the nearly 22 000 series currently established in the United States in ways that allow us to efficiently compare and differentiate competing soil series and coordinates their use among survey areas. After publication in 1975, Soil Taxonomy was further refined through the work of nine international committees and many individuals. This work culminated in the publication of the second edition in 1999 and, most recently, the 9th edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy in 2003. Today, two international committees are considering revisions to the moisture and temperature regimes and improvements to the classification of anthropogenic soils. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Ditzler, CA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM craig.ditzler@usda.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1064-2293 J9 EURASIAN SOIL SCI+ JI Eurasian Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1134/S1064229306020049 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 149UV UT WOS:000245173300004 ER PT J AU Brunet, J Sweet, HR AF Brunet, J Sweet, HR TI Impact of insect pollinator group and floral display size on outcrossing rate SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aquilegia coerulea; columbine; floral display size; geitonogamy; hawkmoth; outcrossing rate; pollinator ID AQUILEGIA-CAERULEA RANUNCULACEAE; SELF-FERTILIZATION; MATING-SYSTEM; MIMULUS-RINGENS; CANADENSIS RANUNCULACEAE; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; HERMAPHRODITE PLANTS; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; SEED-SET AB Despite the strong influence of pollination ecology on the evolution of selfing, we have little information on how distinct groups of insect pollinators influence outcrossing rate. However, differences in behavior between pollinator groups could easily influence how each group affects outcrossing rate. We examined the influence of distinct insect pollinator groups on outcrossing rate in the rocky mountain columbine, Aquilegia coerulea. The impact of population size, plant density, size of floral display, and herkogamy (spatial separation between anthers and stigmas) on outcrossing rate was also considered as these variables were previously found to affect outcrossing rate in some plant species. We quantified correlations between all independent variables and used simple and two-factor regressions to determine direct and indirect impact of each independent variable on outcrossing rate. Outcrossing rate increased significantly with hawkmoth abundance but not with the abundance of any of the other groups of floral visitors, which included bumblebees, solitary bees, syrphid flies, and muscidae. Outcrossing rate was also significantly affected by floral display size and together, hawkmoth abundance and floral display size explained 87% of the variation in outcrossing rate. None of the other independent variables directly affected the outcrossing rate. This is the first report of a significant impact of pollinator type on outcrossing rate. Hawkmoths did not visit fewer flowers per plant relative to other pollinator groups but preferred visiting female-phase flowers first on a plant. Both the behavior of pollinators and floral display size affected outcrossing rate via their impact on the level of geitonogamous (among flower) selfing. Given that geitonogamous selling is never advantageous, the variation in outcrossing rate and maintenance of mixed mating systems in populations of A. coerulea may not require an adaptive explanation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brunet, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbrunet@wisc.edu NR 51 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 39 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 2006 VL 60 IS 2 BP 234 EP 246 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 026ZW UT WOS:000236383200003 PM 16610316 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Brown-Borg, HM AF Johnson, WT Brown-Borg, HM TI Cardiac cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency occurs during late postnatal development in progeny of copper-deficient rats SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; pregnancy; rats; neonatal heart; cytochrorne-c oxidase ID GENE-EXPRESSION; FREE-RADICALS; HEART; MITOCHONDRIA; NUCLEAR; PROTEIN; GROWTH; HYPERTROPHY; HYPERPLASIA; SUBUNITS AB Although cytochrome-c oxidase (CCO) is a copper-dependent enzyme, the effect of maternal copper deficiency on the expression of CCO activity during postnatal development of the neonatal rat heart has not been investigated extensively. Here, we show that CCO activity in heart mitochondria isolated from neonates of copper-deficient dams did not exhibit significant reductions until postnatal days (PND) 15 and 21. In addition, immunoblot analysis indicated that the CCO subunit (Cox-1) was reduced on postnatal Days 10 and 21, and that Cox-4 was reduced on PND 21 in heart mitochondria of the neonates from copper-deficient dams. These findings indicate that the impairment of CCO activity in neonatal heart by maternal copper deficiency occurs late in the postnatal heart development. Furthermore, the concurrent reductions in Cox-1 and Cox-4 suggest that the impaired CCO activity reflects a CCO deficiency in heart mitochondria. CCO activity and Cox-1 in heart mitochondria were not fully restored by 6 weeks of postweaning copper repletion in the pups of copper-deficient dams. This indicates that prolonged maternal intake of moderately low dietary copper produces CCO deficiency in cardiac mitochondria of neonates during late postnatal heart development, after terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes occurs. The resistance of CCO deficiency to repair by dietary copper supplementation may be related to the relatively slow turnover of the affected mitochondria in the terminally differentiated heart. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 231 IS 2 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 005AD UT WOS:000234793200007 PM 16446493 ER PT J AU Li, H Taus, NS Oaks, JL AF Li, Hong Taus, Naomi S. Oaks, J. Lindsay TI Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus: prospects for vaccine development SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE bison; cattle; malignant catarrhal fever; ovine herpesvirus-2; vaccine development ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BISON BISON-BISON; DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; OVINE HERPESVIRUS 2; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; NASAL SECRETIONS; DNA VACCINES; EPITHELIAL LESIONS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever is emerging as a significant problem for several ruminant species worldwide. The inability to propagate the causative agent, ovine herpesvirus 2, in vitro has seriously hindered research efforts in the development of effective programs for control of the disease in clinically susceptible hosts. Recent molecular technologic advances have provided powerful tools for investigating this difficult-to-study virus. Identification of the infectious virus source, establishment of experimental animal models and completion of sequencing the genome for ovine herpesvirus 2 have put us in a position to pursue the development of vaccines for control of the disease. In this review, the authors briefly describe the current understanding of ovine herpesvirus 2 and prospectively discuss vaccine development against the virus. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF,WSU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hli@vetmed.wsu.edu; tausns@vetmet.wsu.edu; loaks@vetmed.wsu NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1586/14760584.5.1.133 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 089ZW UT WOS:000240921400017 PM 16451115 ER PT J AU Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS AF Dalloul, Rami A. Lillehoj, Hyun S. TI Poultry coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE anticoccidials; coccidiosis; Eimeria; embryo vaccination; immunomodulation; intestinal immunity; live vaccines; poultry; recombinant vaccines ID EIMERIA-TENELLA INFECTION; CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; ACERVULINA SPOROZOITE ANTIGEN; DEVELOPMENT IN-VITRO; NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR; LOW-LEVEL INFECTION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA AB Coccidiosis is recognized as the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan protozoan Eimerid. Coccidiosis seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of infected animals resulting in loss of productivity. Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis and, to a certain extent, live vaccines. Combined, these factors inflict tremendous economic losses to the world poultry industry in excess of US$3 billion annually. Increasing regulations and bans on the use of anticoccidial drugs coupled with the associated costs in developing new drugs and live vaccines increases the need for the development of novel approaches and alternative control strategies for coccidiosis. This paper aims to review the current progress in understanding the host immune response to Eimeria and discuss current and potential strategies being developed for coccidiosis control in poultry. C1 ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, BARC-E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rdalloul@anri.barc.usda.gov; hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 193 TC 167 Z9 195 U1 0 U2 32 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 143 EP 163 DI 10.1586/14760584.5.1.143 PG 21 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 089ZW UT WOS:000240921400018 PM 16451116 ER PT J AU Marques, C Guo, WM Pereira, P Taylor, A Patterson, C Evans, PC Shang, F AF Marques, Carla Guo, Weimin Pereira, Paulo Taylor, Allen Patterson, Cam Evans, Paul C. Shang, Fu TI The triage of damaged proteins: degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or repair by molecular chaperones SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CHIP; heat shock proteins; isopeptidase; luciferase ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; CU/ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ABNORMAL PROTEINS; QUALITY-CONTROL; DEPENDENT DEGRADATION; ACTIVATING ENZYME; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Accumulation of damaged proteins is causally related to many age-related diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays a role in selective degradation of damaged proteins, whereas molecular chaperones, such as heat shock proteins, are involved in refolding denatured proteins. This work demonstrates for the first time that the UPP and molecular chaperones work in a competitive manner and that the fates of denatured proteins are determined by the relative activities of the UPP and molecular chaperones. Enhanced UPP activity suppresses the refolding of denatured proteins whereas elevated chaperone activity inhibits the degradation of denatured proteins. CHIP, a co-chaperone with E3 activity, plays a pivotal role in determining the fates of the damaged proteins. The delicate balance between UPP-mediated degradation and refolding of denatured proteins is governed by relative levels of CHIP and other molecular chaperones. Isopeptidases, the enzymes that reverse the actions of CHIP, also play an important role in determining the fate of denatured proteins. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Ctr Ophthalmol, IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Cardiovasc Biol Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, BHF Cardiovasc Med, London, England. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; Marques, Carla/0000-0002-1817-4813; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290; , paul/0000-0001-7975-681X FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY011717-07, R29 EY011717, EY13078, R01 EY011717-08, EY11717, EY13250, P30 EY013078, R01 EY011717-06A1, R01 EY013250, R01 EY011717] NR 60 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 9 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 741 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.05-5080fje PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 044US UT WOS:000237698700027 PM 16469848 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, R Davis, RE TI Clusters of diverse genes existing as multiple, sequence-variable mosaics in a phytoplasma genome SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mollicutes; genome size; gene cluster; transposase; insertion sequence ID PALINDROMIC UNITS; PNEUMONIAE; INVITRO; IS1397; ISKPN1 AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotes living as obligate parasites and pathogens of plants and insects, making them attractive subjects for studies to gain a greater understanding of transkingdom parasitism and pathogenicity. During a study of two phytoplasma genomes, we obtained evidence for previously unreported clustering of genes, pseudogenes, mobile genetic elements, intergenic repeat units, and repetitive extragenic palindromes that occur in multiple, homologous clusters in some phytoplasma genomes. The clusters represent previously unrecognized mosaics, possibly assembled through multiple events of targeted mobile element attack, duplication, recombination, and rearrangement. Multiple clusters could conceivably afford potential for genome reduction through homologous recombination. Differences in the sizes and multiplicity of such clusters possibly account for some of the previously reported but unexplained variations in genome size among closely related phytoplasma strains. C1 Inst Bot, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Inst Bot, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 255 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00057.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 005RI UT WOS:000234841100008 PM 16436062 ER PT J AU Samils, N Elfstrand, M Czederpiltz, DLL Fahleson, J Olson, A Dixelius, C Stenlid, J AF Samils, N Elfstrand, M Czederpiltz, DLL Fahleson, J Olson, A Dixelius, C Stenlid, J TI Development of a rapid and simple Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for the fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Heterobasidion annosum; green fluorescent protein (GFP); transformation ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HYGROMYCIN-B RESISTANCE; T-DNA TRANSFER; AGARICUS-BISPORUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; CULTIVATED MUSHROOM; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; TOOL AB Heterobasidion annosum causes root and butt-rot in trees and is the most serious forest pathogen in the northern hemisphere. We developed a rapid and simple Agrobacterium-mediated method of gene delivery into H. annosum to be used in functional studies of candidate genes and for visualization of mycelial interactions. Heterobasidion annosum TC 32-1 was cocultivated at pH 5.6 and 20 degrees C in Hagems medium with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 carrying plasmids with hygromycin B resistance as the selectable marker and green fluorescent protein as a visual marker. We obtained 18 mitotically stable transformed isolates showing green fluorescence protein activity. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Forest Genet, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Elfstrand, M (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, POB 7026, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Malin.Elfstrand@mykopat.slu.se OI Elfstrand, Malin/0000-0002-0214-5284 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 255 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00069.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 005RI UT WOS:000234841100011 PM 16436065 ER PT J AU Price, MS Yu, JJ Nierman, WC Kim, HS Pritchard, B Jacobus, CA Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Payne, GA AF Price, MS Yu, JJ Nierman, WC Kim, HS Pritchard, B Jacobus, CA Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Payne, GA TI The aflatoxin pathway regulator AfIR induces gene transcription inside and outside of the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transcription profiling; microarray analysis; aflatoxin; secondary metabolism; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; EXPRESSION DATA; AFLR; NIDULANS; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; FLAVUS; BINDING AB Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed is a major concern due to the carcinogenic properties of this mycotoxin. Previous studies using classical approaches have identified a cluster of genes responsible for aflatoxin production under the control of the pathway-specific transcriptional regulator aflR, but it is unknown whether aflR controls expression of other genes within the genome. Transcription profiling comparing wild type and Delta aflR strains of Aspergillus parasiticus grown under conditions conducive for aflatoxin production identified only 23 upregulated genes in the wild type. These included 20 genes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster, and three additional genes outside the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster (nadA, hlyC, and niiA), all with AflR binding sites. This report is the first to demonstrate genes outside the biosynthetic cluster as being associated with aflR expression. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Box 7567, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gary_payne@ncsu.edu NR 16 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 255 IS 2 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00084.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 008LP UT WOS:000235042500013 PM 16448506 ER PT J AU Patel, JR Bhagwat, AA Sanglay, GC Solomon, MB AF Patel, JR Bhagwat, AA Sanglay, GC Solomon, MB TI Rapid detection of Salmonella from hydrodynamic pressure-treated poultry using molecular beacon real-time PCR SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; poultry; real-time PCR; hydrodynamic pressure ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REACTION ASSAY; FOOD SAMPLES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHOCK-WAVES; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; ENTERICA AB A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated to detect Salmonella in hydrodynamic pressure (HDP)-treated chicken using molecular beacon probes available as a commercial kit (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad Laboratories). The sensitivity and accuracy of the assay were compared with the conventional USDA microbiological procedure using artificially contaminated minced chicken. Chicken fillets were irradiated at 10kGy to completely destroy any naturally occurring Sahnonella. These fillets were minced and inoculated with as low as 2 +/- 1 cfu of S. typhimurium per 25 g chicken. The minced chicken samples were vacuum packed in multi-layer barrier bags, heat shrunk, and treated with HDP. Results showed that all inoculated samples (n = 36) were detected by the PCR assay and conventional USDA procedure. Similarly, all uninoculated controls (n = 11) were negative by both PCR assay and USDA procedure. As few as 2 +/- 1 cfu could be detected from 25 g HDP-treated chicken following 16-18 h enrichment in buffered peptone water. Real-time PCR proved to be an effective method for Salmonella detection in HDP-treated chicken with high sensitivity and more importantly, a rapid and high-throughput detection in 18 h, compared to 3-8 days for the conventional microbiological methods. HDP treatment, which has been reported to reduce spoilage bacteria in various meats, was unable to kill pathogenic Sahnonella in minced chicken. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patel, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Bldg 201,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jpatel@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 49 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2005.01.011 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 963WV UT WOS:000231837900002 PM 16942984 ER PT J AU Milauskas, SJ Wang, JX AF Milauskas, SJ Wang, JX TI West Virginia logger characteristics SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GEORGIA AB West Virginia licensed loggers were Surveyed in 2001 and 2002 regarding their business, operational, and personal characteristics. They were also asked to rate their educational preferences from a Supplied list of topics. Ail initial survey was mailed out in 2001 and a more intensive follow-Lip Survey was mailed Out to 1 055 licensed loggers in 2002. The survey was directed toward owners since West Virginia logging businesses Must be licensed by law. In 2002, the total response rate was 10.2 percent With 6.2 percent Submitting completed usable Surveys. Results indicated that independent loggers of West Virginia averaged 47.8 years old with an average of 17.8 years in the logging business. The firm size was between 1 and 80 employees with an average of 8 employees. A firm of average size harvested 10 tracts with a weekly production of 51.8 thousand board feet (MBF) and a unit cost of $116.6/MBF. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Educ & Resource Ctr, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Milauskas, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wood Educ & Resource Ctr, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. EM smilauskas@fs.fed.us; jxwang@wvu.edu NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 014OM UT WOS:000235489500006 ER PT J AU Clark, A Daniels, RF Miller, JH AF Clark, A Daniels, RF Miller, JH TI Effect of controlling herbaceous and woody competing vegetation on wood quality of planted loblolly pine SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANTATION; GROWTH; MIDROTATION; DENSITY; YIELD AB Southern pine plantations are increasingly established using herbicides to control herbaceous and/or woody competing vegetation to enhance growth, but little is known about the effect Oil wood quality. A study was established at 13 southern locations in 1984 to examine the effects of complete control of woody, herbaceous, and woody plus herbaceous competition for the first 3 to 5 years on the growth and stand dynamics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) plantations. After 15 years, herbaceous plus woody control increased pine merchantable Volume per acre by an average of 23 to 121 percent compared to no competition control. Increment cores, 12 mm in diameter, were collected from 36 trees in each of the 4 treatments from each of the 13 locations. X-ray densitometry was used to determine annual growth, proportion of latewood, and specific gravity (SG) of earlywood, latewood, and annual rings. Woody Plus herbaceous competition control significantly increased growth at all locations, did not significantly reduce ring SG of earlywood or latewood, and did not significantly affect proportion of latewood in the annual ring. Woody plus herbaceous competition control did significantly increase growth during juvenile wood formation in years I to 5 and thus increased the diameter of the juvenile wood core by an average of 19 percent. Cross-sectional weighted proportion of latewood decreased 10 percent and cross-sectional weighted SG decreased 3 percent as a result of increased growth during the juvenility period in trees receiving the woody plus herbaceous control treatment. However, growth gains Substantially offset the slight reduction in percent latewood and SG. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clark, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Sta, Athens, GA USA. EM aclark@fs.fed.us; ddaniels@smokey.forestry.uga.edu; jmiller01@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 014OM UT WOS:000235489500010 ER PT J AU Finley, AO Kittredge, DB Stevens, TH Schweik, CM Dennis, DC AF Finley, AO Kittredge, DB Stevens, TH Schweik, CM Dennis, DC TI Interest in cross-boundary cooperation: Identification of distinct types of private forest owners SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE private forest owners; survey; cross-boundary cooperation; segmentation analysis; ecosystem-based approach to management ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES AB This article presents quantitative results from a study that evaluated private forest (PF) owner interest in cross-boundary cooperation. The intent was to reveal subgroups, referred to here as segments, of PF owners that align with different forms and levels of cooperative activities. Segmentation analysis used 783 mail-back surveys from Franklin County, Massachusetts, PF owners in spring 2002. The analysis indicates that there are four segments of PF owners in Franklin County, each maintaining a distinct level of interest in proposed forms of cooperation. Two segments define positive interest in cooperation (General Cooperators, 27%; Conservation Cooperators, 21%), and the other two represent apathy (Neutralists, 27%), and disinterest (Non-Cooperators, 24%). Furthermore, each segment presents a unique profile of items and scales that measure personal values and attitudes about cross-boundary cooperation and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Segment profiles show a strong association between interest in cooperation and profiling variables such as age, affluence, personal values, and attitudes. By identifying the specific needs and wants among PF owners, these findings can help in the development of responsive initiatives to promote cross-boundary cooperation in Franklin County. Furthermore, the outlined segmentation analysis could aid PF owner studies identify and describe key segments and determine interest in cross-boundary cooperation. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Lab, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1350 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM finle014@umn.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 014MB UT WOS:000235483200002 ER PT J AU Valentine, HT Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Lanz, A Affleck, DLR AF Valentine, HT Ducey, MJ Gove, JH Lanz, A Affleck, DLR TI Corrections for cluster-plot slop SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boundary overlap; edge effect; Monte Carlo integration; reflection method; slopover; vectorwalk method; walkabout method; walkthrough method ID BOUNDARY OVERLAP AB Cluster-plot designs, including the design used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the USDA Forest Service (FIA), are attended by a complicated boundary slopover problem. Slopover occurs where inclusion zones of objects of interest cross the boundary of the area of interest. The dispersed nature of inclusion zones that arise from the use of cluster plots precludes the use of most of the slopover-correction methods that apply to solitary plots. One exception is the walkthrough method, which corrects for slopover bias in radially symmetric cluster-plot designs. In this article, we provide a modification of the walkthrough method, the "walkabout method," which is applicable to some asymmetric cluster-plot designs, such as the one used by FIA. We also present two general correction methods, the "vectorwalk method" and the "reflection method", both of which are applicable to cluster-plot designs with satellite subplots arranged in a regular or irregular pattern. The reflection method has two sets of protocols, one that applies to radially symmetric designs and to asymmetric designs with random orientation; the other set applies to asymmetric designs with fixed orientation. Both the vectorwalk and reflection methods incorporate the walkthrough method on a subplot-by-subplot basis. All four methods correct for slopover bias for straight or curved boundaries, and where work outside the tract is impossible. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Valentine, HT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hvalentine@fs.fed.us; mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu; jgove@fs.fed.us; adrian.lanz@wsl.ch; david.affieck@yale.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 014MB UT WOS:000235483200006 ER PT J AU Jordan, L Souter, R Parresol, B Daniels, RF AF Jordan, L Souter, R Parresol, B Daniels, RF TI Application of the algebraic difference approach for developing self-referencing specific gravity and biomass equations SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE algebraic difference approach; biomass; height invariant; seemingly unrelated regression; specific gravity ID DYNAMIC SITE EQUATIONS; VALIDATION; DERIVATION; WEIGHT; CURVES; MODELS; SYSTEM; VOLUME; PINE; TREE AB Biomass estimation is critical for looking at ecosystem processes and as a measure of stand yield. The density-integral approach allows for coincident estimation of stem profile and biomass. The algebraic difference approach (ADA) permits the derivation of dynamic or nonstatic functions. In this study we applied the ADA to develop a self-referencing specific gravity function and biomass function as part of a density-integral system composed of taper, volume, specific gravity, and biomass functions. This was compared to base systems of similar equations that did not have the self-referencing parameter specifications. Systems of equations were fit using nonlinear, seemingly unrelated regressions with nonlinear cross-equation constraints to account for contemporaneous correlations in the data. Results suggest that correct volume determination is more critical than specific gravity for accurate biomass estimates. The goodness-of-fit statistics clearly show that the self-referencing system provided a better fit than the base system. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Rork Associates, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Jordan, L (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM lcj6444@forestry.uga.edu; rork@charter.net; bparresol@fs.fed.us; ddaniels@forestry.uga.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 014MB UT WOS:000235483200008 ER PT J AU Toth, SF McDill, ME Rebain, S AF Toth, SF McDill, ME Rebain, S TI Finding the efficient frontier of a bi-criteria, spatially explicit, harvest scheduling problem SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multicriteria optimization; wildlife habitat; trade-off analysis; 0-1 programming ID ADJACENCY CONSTRAINTS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; BICRITERION PROBLEMS; TIMBER PRODUCTION; WILDLIFE HABITAT; TABU SEARCH; TRADE-OFFS; RESTRICTIONS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB This article evaluates the performance of five traditional methods and one new method of generating the efficient frontier for a bi-criteria, spatially explicit harvest scheduling problem. The problem is to find all possible efficient solutions, thus defining the trade-offs between two objectives: (1) maximizing the net present value of the forest and (2) maximizing the minimum area over the planning horizon in large, mature forest patches. The methods for generating the efficient frontier were tested using a hypothetical forest consisting of 50 stands. The methods were compared based on the number of efficient solutions each method can identify and on how quickly the solutions were identified. The potential to generalize these algorithms to 3- or n-criteria cases is also assessed. Three of the traditional approaches, the epsilon-constraining; the triangles method, the decomposition algorithm based on the Tchebycheff metric; and the new, proposed method are capable of generating all or most of the efficient solutions. However, the triangles and the new method far outperformed the other approaches in terms of solution time. The new method, called alpha-delta, appears to be the simplest to generalize to the tri-criteria case. C1 Penn State Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Toth, SF (reprint author), Penn State Sch Forest Resources, 214B Ferguson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sft108@psu.edu; mem14@psu.edu; sarebain@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 52 IS 1 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 014MB UT WOS:000235483200009 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Lowe, WH AF Nislow, KH Lowe, WH TI Influences of logging history and riparian forest characteristics on macroinvertebrates and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in headwater streams (New Hampshire, USA) SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brook trout; disturbance; food webs; forest succession; Salvelinus fontinalis; small watersheds; timber harvest ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; CLEAR-CUT; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; FISH; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; COVER AB 1. Logging can strongly affect stream macroinvertebrate communities, but the direction and magnitude of these effects and their implications for trout abundance are frequently region-specific and difficult to predict. 2. In first-order streams in northern New England (U.S.A.) representing a chronosequence of logging history (< 2 to > 80 years since logging), we measured riparian forest conditions, stream macroinvertebrate community characteristics and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) abundance. Principal component analysis was used to collapse forest data into two independent variables representing variation in logging history, riparian forest structure and canopy cover. We used these data to test whether logging history and associated forest conditions were significant predictors of macroinvertebrate abundance and functional feeding group composition, and whether brook trout abundance was related to logging-associated variation in invertebrate communities. 3. Catchments with high PC1 scores (recently logged, high-density stands with low mean tree diameter) and low PC2 scores (low canopy cover) had significantly higher total macroinvertebrate abundance, particularly with respect to chironomid larvae (low PC2 scores) and invertebrates in the grazer functional feeding group (high PC1 scores). In contrast, proportional representation of macroinvertebrates in the shredder functional feeding group increased with time since logging and canopy cover (high PC2 scores). Brook trout density and biomass was significantly greater in young, recently logged stands (high PC1 scores) and was positively related to overall macroinvertebrate abundance. In addition, three variables - trout density, invertebrate abundance and shredder abundance - successfully discriminated between streams that were less-impacted versus more-impacted by forestry. 4. These results indicate that timber harvest in northern New England headwater streams may shift shredder-dominated macroinvertebrate communities supporting low trout abundance to a grazer/chironomid-dominated macroinvertebrate community supporting higher trout abundance. However, while local effects on brook trout abundance may be positive, these benefits may be outweighed by negative effects of brook trout on co-occurring species, as well as impairment of habitat quality downstream. Research testing the generality of these patterns will improve understanding of how aquatic ecosystems respond to anthropogenic and natural trajectories of forest change. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01492.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 003FT UT WOS:000234667900015 ER PT J AU Holser, RA Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Holser, RA Doll, KM Erhan, SZ TI Metathesis of methyl soyate with ruthenium catalysts SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE methyl soyate; metathesis; biodiesel ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; OLEFIN METATHESIS; MECHANISM; FUELS; OILS AB Three ruthenium catalysts were investigated for the metathesis reaction of methyl soyate. Dichlorotris (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium 11 and his (tricyclohexyl phosphine) benzylidine ruthenium (IV) dichloride displayed no reactivity at 40 degrees C and atmospheric pressure. However, ruthenium [1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene] dichloro (phenylmethylene) tricyclohexylphosphine, Grubbs second generation catalyst, exhibited high activity at these mild conditions. After 2 h, 46% of the unsaturated methyl esters in a commercial methyl soyate were metathesized. This suggests a method to modify the structure of methyl soyate to improve diesel fuel performance properties. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oils Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Ind Oils Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM holserra@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 393 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.07.018 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 995UM UT WOS:000234129700015 ER PT J AU Rose, USR Lewis, J Tumlinson, JH AF Rose, USR Lewis, J Tumlinson, JH TI Extrafloral nectar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as a food source for parasitic wasps SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE longevity; Microplitis croceipes; parasitoids; searching behaviour ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; BRACONIDAE; HOST; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; STRATEGIES; ALLOCATION AB 1. For many adult nectar-feeding parasitoids food and moisture are essential for survival in the field. Early in the season, when floral nectar is not yet available in cotton, extrafloral nectar (EFN) is already present on young cotton plants. 2. The parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) can use EFN cotton plants as an only food source. The longevity and reproduction of EFN-fed female wasps was comparable to wasps fed with honey and water provided on nectariless (NL) cotton plants, and was significantly higher compared with wasps kept on NL plants with no additional food source. 3. Wasps that were given preflight experiences on EFN cotton plants choose EFN cotton over NL cotton plants in two choice experiments in the flight tunnel. The parasitoids are more willing to search on an EFN plant at their second and third encounter with a plant previously visited, compared with an NL cotton plant. 4. Wasps can locate EFN from short distances by its odour alone, and find it almost as fast as honey, but much faster than odourless sucrose, which is only found randomly. Experience with EFN increased the retention ability of parasitoids on a flower model. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Rose, USR (reprint author), Res Ctr Juelich, ICG3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM U.Roese@fz-juelich.de RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01071.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024DQ UT WOS:000236175600009 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME AF Gu, XY Kianian, SF Foley, ME TI Dormancy genes from weedy rice respond divergently to seed development environments SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA; AVENA-FATUA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GRAIN DORMANCY; INHERITANCE; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; EPISTASIS AB Genes interacting with seed developmental environments control primary dormancy. To understand how a multigenic system evolved to adapt to the changing environments in weedy rice, we evaluated genetic components of three dormancy QTL in a synchronized nondormant genetic background. Two genetically identical populations segregating for qSD1, qSDZ-1, and qSD12 were grown under greenhouse and natural conditions differing in temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity during seed development. Low temperatures tended to enhance dormancy in both conditions. However; genotypes responded to the environments divergently so that two populations displayed similar distributions for germination. Additive and/or dominance effects of the three loci explained similar to 90% of genetic variances and their epistases accounted for the remainder in each environment. The qSD1 and qSD7-1 main effects were increased, while the qSD12 additive effect was decreased by relatively low temperatures. Both gene main and epistatic effects were involved in G X E interactions, which in magnitude were greater than environmental train effect. The divergent. responses of dormancy genes observed in this simple multigenic system presumably have selective advantages in natural populations adapted to changing environments and hence represent a genetic mechanism stabilizing the dormancy level of weedy rice ripened in different seasons or temperature regimes. C1 ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM gux@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 172 IS 2 BP 1199 EP 1211 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.049155 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 024ER UT WOS:000236178800043 PM 16272412 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Garvin, DF Muehlbauer, GJ AF Cho, SH Garvin, DF Muehlbauer, GJ TI Transcriptome analysis and physical mapping of barley genes in wheat-barley chromosome addition lines SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; BIN MAP; RICE CHROMOSOME-1; MAIZE GENOME; OAT; COLINEARITY; MARKERS; LOCI; ORGANIZATION AB Wheat-barley chromosome addition lines are useful genetic resources for a variety of studies. In this study, transcript accumulation patterns in Betzes barley, Chinese Spring wheat, and Chinese Spring-Betzes chromosome addition lines were examined with the Barley1 Affymetrix GeneChip probe arrays Of the 4014 transcripts detected in Betzes but not in Chinese Spring, 365, 271, 265, 323, 194, and 369 were detected in wheat-barley disomic chromosome addition lines 2(2H), 3(3H), 4(4H), 7(5H), 6(6H), and 1(7H), respectively Thus, 1787 barley transcripts were detected in a wheat genetic background and, by virtue of the addition line in which the), were detected, were physical), mapped to barley chromosomes. We validated and extended our approach to physically map barley genes to the long and short arms of chromosome 6(6H). Our physical map data exhibited a high level of synteny with homologous sequences oil the wheat and/or rice syntenous chromosomes, indicating that our barley physical maps are robust. Our results show that barley transcript detection in wheat-barley chromosome addition lines is all efficient approach for large-scale physical mapping of genes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM muehl003@umn.edu NR 39 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 172 IS 2 BP 1277 EP 1285 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.049908 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 024ER UT WOS:000236178800049 PM 16322516 ER PT J AU Mehlenbacher, SA Brown, RN Nouhra, ER Gokirmak, T Bassil, NV Kubisiak, TL AF Mehlenbacher, SA Brown, RN Nouhra, ER Gokirmak, T Bassil, NV Kubisiak, TL TI A genetic linkage map for hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) based on RAPD and SSR markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Corylus avellana; hazelnut; filbert; linkage map; pseudotestcross; pollen-stigma incompatibility; random amplified polymorphic DNA; simple sequence repeat; microsatellite ID FILBERT BLIGHT RESISTANCE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ISOZYME MARKERS; AFLP; CULTIVARS; HYBRIDS; INCOMPATIBILITY; INHERITANCE; ALLELES; PEACH AB A linkage map for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) was constructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the 2-way pseudotestcross approach. A full-sib population of 144 seedlings from the cross OSU 252.146 x OSU 414.062 was used. RAPD markers in testcross configuration, segregating 1:1, were used to construct separate maps for each parent. Fifty additional RAPD loci were assigned to linkage groups as accessory markers whose exact location could not be determined. Markers in intercross configuration, segregating 3:1, were used to pair groups in one parent with their homologues in the other. Eleven groups were identified for each parent, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of hazelnut (n = x = 11). Thirty of the 31 SSR loci were able to be assigned to a linkage group. The maternal map included 249 RAPD and 20 SSR markers and spanned a distance of 661 cM. The paternal map included 271 RAPD and 28 SSR markers and spanned a distance of 812 cM. The maps are quite dense, with an average of 2.6 cM between adjacent markers. The S-locus, which controls pollen-stigma incompatibility, was placed on chromosome 5S where 6 markers linked within a distance of 10 cM were identified. A locus for resistance to eastern filbert blight, caused by Anisogramma anomala, was placed on chromosome 6R for which two additional markers tightly linked to the dominant allele were identified and sequenced. These maps will serve as a starting point for future studies of the hazelnut genome, including map-based cloning of important genes. The inclusion of SSR loci on the map will make it useful in other populations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Mehlenbacher, SA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mehlenbs@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 43 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1139/G05-091 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 025SB UT WOS:000236286100004 PM 16498462 ER PT J AU Horning, ME Cronn, RC AF Horning, ME Cronn, RC TI Length polymorphism scanning is an efficient approach for revealing chloroplast DNA variation SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE cpDNA; intraspecific polymorphism; population genetics; phylogeography; indels ID NONCODING REGIONS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; HAPLOTYPE VARIATION; RELATIVE RATES; GENE FLOW; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; MICROSATELLITES; PATTERNS; PLANTS AB Phylogeographic and population genetic screens of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) provide insights into seed-based gene flow in angiosperms, yet studies are frequently hampered by the low mutation rate of this genome. Detection methods for intraspecific variation can be either direct (DNA sequencing) or indirect (PCR-RFLP), although no single method incorporates the best features of both approaches. We show that screening universal chloroplast amp li cons for length polymorphism provides an accurate and efficient method for identifying cpDNA variation. By sequencing 4500 bp of cpDNA from 17 accessions of Purshia tridentata (bitterbrush), we detected 9 haplotypes, 8 of which were identifiable by unique multilocus length combinations resolvable by automated fragment analysis. In silico estimates of PCR-RFLP for these loci show that 5 haplotypes would be resolved by agarose electrophoresis. A survey of 4 intraspecific data sets from diverse angiosperms revealed that length variation in cpDNA amplicons is nearly ubiquitous, and 61 of 67 haplotypes identified by direct sequencing could be identified by screening length variation. Combined with automated fluorescent detection, length polymorphism screening of universal cpDNA regions offers a simple screen for intraspecific variation that can be used across angiosperms with minimal optimization, providing detection limits that rival direct sequencing at a fraction of the cost. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cronn, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcronn@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1139/G05-093 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 025SB UT WOS:000236286100005 PM 16498463 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Huang, YH Tauer, CG Porter, DR AF Wu, Y Huang, YH Tauer, CG Porter, DR TI Genetic diversity of sorghum accessions resistant to greenbugs as assessed with AFLP markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Sorghum bicolor; Schizaphis graminum; AFLP marker; genetic diversity ID SSR MARKERS; BIOTYPE-I; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; BICOLOR; POLYMORPHISMS; REGISTRATION; TOLERANCE AB Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is the fifth most important cereal crop grown worldwide and the fourth in the United States. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major insect pest of sorghum with several biotypes reported to date. Greenbug biotype I is currently the most prevalent and most virulent on sorghum plants. Breeding for resistance is an effective way to control greenbug damage. A successful breeding program relies in part upon a clear understanding of breeding materials. However, the genetic diversity and relatedness among the greenbug biotype I resistant accessions collected from different geographic origins have not been well characterized, although a rich germplasm collection is available. In this study, 26 sorghum accessions from 12 countries were evaluated for both resistance to greenbug biotype I and genetic diversity using fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-six AFLP primer combinations produced 819 polymorphic fragments indicating a relatively high level of polymorphism among the accessions. Genetic similarity coefficients among the sorghum accessions ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Cluster analysis indicated that there were two major groups based on polymorphic bands. This study has led to the identification of new genetic sources of sorghum with substantial genetic variation and distinct groupings of resistant accessions that have the potential for use in the development of durable greenbug resistant sorghum. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1139/G05-095 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 025SB UT WOS:000236286100006 PM 16498464 ER PT J AU Ding, GW Liu, XB Herbert, S Novak, J Amarasiriwardena, D Xing, BS AF Ding, GW Liu, XB Herbert, S Novak, J Amarasiriwardena, D Xing, BS TI Effect of cover crop management on soil organic matter SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE organic matter; organic carbon; humic acid; fulvic acid; light fraction ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMIC ACIDS; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; TILLAGE; CARBON; FRACTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTANCES; CHERNOZEM AB Characterization of soil organic matter (SOM) is important for determining the overall quality of soils, and cover crop system may change SOM characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cover crops on the chemical and structural composition of SOM. We isolated humic substances (HS) from soils with the following cover crop treatments: (a) vetch (Vicia Villosa Roth.)/rye (Sesale cereale L.), (b) rye alone, and (c) check (no cover crops) that were treated with various nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. CPMAS-TOSS (cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning and total sideband suppression) C-13 NMR results indicated that humic acids (HA) from soils under rye only were more aromatic and less aliphatic in character than the other two cover crop systems without fertilizer N treatment. Based on the DRIFT (diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared) spectra peak O/R. ratios, the intensities of oxygen-containing functional groups to aliphatic and aromatic (referred to as recalcitrant) groups, the highest ratio was found in the HA from the vetch/rye system with fertilizer N. The lowest ratio occurred at the vetch/rye system without fertilizer N treatment. The O/R ratio of fulvic acids (FA) can be ranked as: vetch/rye without fertilizer>vetch/rye with fertilizer>no cover crop without fertilizer>rye alone (with or without fertilizer) soils. Both organic carbon (OC) and light fraction (LF) contents were higher in soils under cover crop treatments with and without fertilizer N than soils with no cover crop. These chemical and spectroscopic data show that cover crops had a profound influence on the SOM and LF characteristics. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Hampshire Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Ding, GW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM guangwei.ding@sdstate.edu NR 30 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD FEB PY 2006 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.019 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006ZI UT WOS:000234936200004 ER PT J AU Hubbert, KR Preisler, HK Wohlgemuth, PM Graham, RC Narog, MG AF Hubbert, KR Preisler, HK Wohlgemuth, PM Graham, RC Narog, MG TI Prescribed burning effects on soil physical properties and soil water repellency in a steep chaparral watershed, southern California, USA SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE chaparral; prescribed fire; soil properties; water infiltration models; water repellency ID FIRE; MOISTURE; VARIABILITY; PORTUGAL; PATTERNS; FLOW AB Chaparral watersheds associated with Mediterranean-type climate are distributed over five regions of the world. Because brushland soils are often shallow with low water holding capacities, and are on slopes prone to erosion, disturbances such as fire can adversely affect their physical properties. Fire can also increase the spatial coverage of soil water repellency, reducing infiltration, and, in turn, increasing overland flow and subsequent erosion. We studied the impacts of fire on soil properties by collecting data before and after a prescribed burn conducted during Spring 2001 on the San Dimas Experimental Forest, southern California. The fire removed the litter layer and destroyed the weak surface soil structure; leaving a thin band of ash and char on top of, and mixed in with, an unstable, granular soil of loose consistency. Median litter thickness and clay content were significantly decreased after fire while soil bulk density increased. At 7 d post-fire, soil surface repellency in the watershed was significantly higher than prior to the burn. At 76 d post-fire, surface soil water repellency was returning to near pre-fire values. At the 2 and 4 cm depths, 7 d post-fire soil repellency was also significantly higher than pre-fire, however, conditions at 76 d post-fire were similar to pre-fire values. Variability in soil water repellency between replicates within a given 15 x 15 cm site was as large as the variability seen between sites over the 1.28 ha watershed. The increase in post-fire persistence of water repellency was largest beneath ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius) as compared to a small increase beneath chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum). However, pre-fire persistence was higher under chamise than for ceanothus. Post-fire changes to soil properties may increase the watershed hydrologic response, however the mosaic distribution of water repellency may lead to a less severe increase in hydrologic response than might be expected for a spatially more homogenous increase in repellency. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hubbert, KR (reprint author), Hubbert & Associates, 21610 Ramona Ave, Apple Valley, CA 92307 USA. EM huboutwest@earthlink.net NR 54 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD FEB PY 2006 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 284 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.02.001 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006ZI UT WOS:000234936200009 ER PT J AU Davidson, EA Richardson, AD Savage, KE Hollinger, DY AF Davidson, EA Richardson, AD Savage, KE Hollinger, DY TI A distinct seasonal pattern of the ratio of soil respiration to total ecosystem respiration in a spruce-dominated forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ameriflux; carbon cycle; CO2; eddy covarience; Howland; phenology; temperature response ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; EUROPEAN FORESTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; BOREAL FOREST; WATER CONTENT; PINE FORESTS; CO2 EFFLUX; LONG-TERM; TEMPERATURE AB Annual budgets and fitted temperature response curves for soil respiration and ecosystem respiration provide useful information for partitioning annual carbon budgets of ecosystems, but they may not adequately reveal seasonal variation in the ratios of these two fluxes. Soil respiration (R-s) typically contributes 30-80% of annual total ecosystem respiration (R-eco) in forests, but the temporal variation of these ratios across seasons has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate seasonal variation in the R-s/R-eco ratio in a mature forest dominated by conifers at Howland, ME, USA. We used chamber measurements of R-s and tower-based eddy covariance measurements of R-eco. The R-s/R-eco ratio reached a minimum of about 0.45 in the early spring, gradually increased through the late spring and early summer, leveled off at about 0.65 for the summer, and then increased again to about 0.8 in the autumn. A spring pulse of aboveground respiration presumably causes the springtime minimum in this ratio. Soil respiration 'catches up' as the soils warm and as root growth presumably accelerates in the late spring, causing the R-s/R-eco ratios to increase. The summertime plateau of R-s/R-eco ratios is consistent with summer drought suppressing R-s that would otherwise be increasing, based on increasing soil temperature alone, thus causing the R-s/R-eco ratios to not increase as soils continue to warm. Declining air temperatures and litter fall apparently contribute to increased R-s/R-eco ratios in the autumn. Differences in phenology of growth of aboveground and belowground plant tissues, mobilization and use of stored substrates within woody plants, seasonal variation in photosynthate and litter substrates, and lags between temperature changes of air and soil contribute to a distinct seasonal pattern of R-s/R-eco ratios. C1 Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Davidson, EA (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, POB 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM edavidson@whrc.org RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 33 TC 94 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01062.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007MX UT WOS:000234974900008 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Huxman, TE Williams, DG Goodrich, DC AF Scott, RL Huxman, TE Williams, DG Goodrich, DC TI Ecohydrological impacts of woody-plant encroachment: seasonal patterns of water and carbon dioxide exchange within a semiarid riparian environment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide exchange; carbon sequestration; ecohydrology; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; mesquite (Prosopis velutina); riparian; woody-plant encroachment ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SOIL RESPIRATION; VEGETATION; ENERGY; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLANDS; WOODLAND; DESERT; FOREST AB Across many dryland regions, historically grass-dominated ecosystems have been encroached upon by woody-plant species. In this paper, we compare ecosystem water and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) fluxes over a grassland, a grassland-shrubland mosaic, and a fully developed woodland to evaluate potential consequences of woody-plant encroachment on important ecosystem processes. All three sites were located in the riparian corridor of a river in the southwest US. As such, plants in these ecosystems may have access to moisture at the capillary fringe of the near-surface water table. Using fluxes measured by eddy covariance in 2003 we found that ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) and net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) increased with increasing woody-plant dominance. Growing season ET totals were 407, 450, and 639 mm in the grassland, shrubland, and woodland, respectively, and in excess of precipitation by 227, 265, and 473 mm. This excess was derived from groundwater, especially during the extremely dry premonsoon period when this was the only source of moisture available to plants. Access to groundwater by the deep-rooted woody plants apparently decouples ecosystem ET from gross ecosystem production (GEP) with respect to precipitation. Compared with grasses, the woody plants were better able to use the stable groundwater source and had an increased net CO(2) gain during the dry periods. This enhanced plant activity resulted in substantial accumulation of leaf litter on the soil surface that, during rainy periods, may lead to high microbial respiration rates that offset these photosynthetic fluxes. March-December (primary growing season) totals of NEE were -63, -212, and -233 g C m(-2) in the grassland, shrubland, and woodland, respectively. Thus, there was a greater disparity between ecosystem water use and the strength of the CO(2) sink as woody plants increased across the encroachment gradient. Despite a higher density of woody plants and a greater plant productivity in the woodland than in the shrubland, the woodland produced a larger respiration response to rainfall that largely offset its higher photosynthetic potential. These data suggest that the capacity for woody plants to exploit water resources in riparian areas results in enhanced carbon sequestration at the expense of increased groundwater use under current climate conditions, but the potential does not scale specifically as a function of woody-plant abundance. These results highlight the important roles of water sources and ecosystem structure on the control of water and carbon balances in dryland areas. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources & Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 51 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01093.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 007MX UT WOS:000234974900014 ER PT J AU Glaser, L Zamarin, D Acland, HM Spackman, E Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A Tewari, D AF Glaser, L Zamarin, D Acland, HM Spackman, E Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A Tewari, D TI Sequence analysis and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin of a recent influenza H2N2 virus isolated from chicken in North America SO GLYCOCONJUGATE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE influenza virus; hemagglutinin; receptor; specificity; virus-host tropism; sialic acid ID HIGH BINDING-AFFINITY; A VIRUS; H5N1 CHICKEN; SIALIC-ACID; HONG-KONG; HOST; SIALYLOLIGOSACCHARIDES; NEURAMINIDASE; SHOREBIRDS; MUTATIONS AB Influenza viruses bind host cells following an interaction between the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein and host cell sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids. Differences in binding affinities of the HAs for different types of sialic acid linkages (alpha 2-3 vs. alpha 2-6) contribute to determining the host range of an influenza virus. The ability of an avian influenza virus HA to bind the human form of the receptor may be one requirement for an avian virus to propagate in the human population. In this paper, we describe the characterization of the HA from an H2N2 virus isolated from a Pennsylvania chicken farm in 2004. Sequence analysis revealed that this HA is a member of the Eurasian clade, and receptor binding studies show that it maintains its specificity for the avian influenza virus alpha 2-3 linked sialic acid receptor. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Penn Dept Agr, Penn Vet Lab, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Garcia-Sastre, A (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM adolfo.garcia-sastre@mssm.edu OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI57158] NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0282-0080 J9 GLYCOCONJUGATE J JI Glycoconjugate J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10719-006-5441-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 028PV UT WOS:000236501200011 PM 16575526 ER PT J AU Lee, S Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Lee, S Shupe, TF Hse, CY TI Mechanical and physical properties of agro-based fiberboard SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; BAMBOO; BAGASSE; STRENGTH AB In order to better utilize agricultural fibers as an alternative resource for composite panels, several variables were investigated to improve mechanical and physical properties of agro-based fiberboard. This study focused on the effect of fiber morphology, slenderness ratios (L/D), and fiber mixing combinations on panel properties. The panel construction types were also investigated such as hardboard (HB), medium density fiberboard (MDF), and bagasse core panel (BCP) made from bagasse/bamboo combinations with a combination of 1% pMDI/4% UF as a binder. Static bending properties and tensile strength increased as fiber L/D increased from 3 to 26. Fiber separation and morphology also influenced the mechanical property development of agro-based panels. Bagasse fiber bundles and particles smaller than L/D of 5.4 were responsible for the mechanical property loss of agro-based MDF. The BCP yielded promising results for modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). However, HB appeared to be a better panel type for agro-based composites based on the property enhancement compared to wood-based panel products. C1 Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agctr.lsu.edu NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 64 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00107-005-0062-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 004MC UT WOS:000234755900011 ER PT J AU Finn, CE AF Finn, CE TI Introduction to the workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000001 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI Five eastern peach breeders SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000004 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS AF Lewers, KS TI Eastern strawberry breeders: Personal recollections SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, W Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, W Fruit Lab, Room 210,Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000005 ER PT J AU Finn, CE AF Finn, CE TI Caneberry breeders in North America SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000009 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Tong, CBS AF Lester, GE Tong, CBS TI Introduction to the colloquium SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TASTE C1 USDA ARS, Kik Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kik Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000020 ER PT J AU Lester, GE AF Lester, GE TI Environmental regulation of human health nutrients (Ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and folic acid) in fruits and vegetables SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Making Fruits and Vegetables Flavorful, Nutritive and Convenient to Eat CY JUL 19, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Postharvest Working Grp, ASHS Pomol ID FOLATE; SIZE; TOMATO; CANCER; LEAVES; CROPS; METABOLISM; RADIATION; CULTIVAR; QUALITY C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM glester@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000021 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC AF Beaulieu, JC TI Effect of cutting and storage on acetate and nonacetate esters in convenient, ready-to-eat fresh-cut melons and apples SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Making Fruits and Vegetables Flavorful, Nutritive and Convenient to Eat CY JUL 19, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP ASHS Postharvest Working Grp, ASHS Pomol ID EXTRACT DILUTION ANALYSIS; ALCOHOL ACYL-TRANSFERASE; CUCUMIS-MELO; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; AROMA VOLATILES; TEXTURAL PROPERTIES; CANTALOUPE MELON; QUALITY CHANGES; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FRUIT AB Examples from various harvest regimes, storage regimes, cultivars and different packaging methods are presented to characterize volatile ester differences after cutting and how changes occur in characteristic flavors throughout the postharvest life of certain cut fruit products. In many fresh-cut cantaloupe cultivars and in honeydew, there was a relative increase in nonacetates and coinciding relative decrease in acetates during storage. A similar and consistent nonacetate: acetate ester ratio was conserved in cantaloupe from eastern and western U.S. regions, as well as different cultivars from the same field. Furthermore, similar ratios were observed in many melon cultivars over multiple years from different seasons and growing regions. Since many cultivars exhibited similar trends in 2-year repeated studies, the trend is apparently independent of year and season. Fresh-cut 'Gala' apples, on the other hand, displayed a slightly different trend whereby both acetates and nonacetate esters decreased appreciably during storage. The hypothesis is put forward that recycling of esters during storage in certain fresh-cut fruits disturbs the delicate fine balance of characteristic volatiles. Consistently decreasing acetates along with increasing nonacetates could alter the overall perceived desirable flavor attributes during fresh-cut melon storage, even though volatile esters are still abundant. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beaulieu@srrc.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 62 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000022 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, K AF Volk, GM Richards, K TI Preservation methods for Jerusalem artichoke cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS L; IN-VITRO; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; SHOOT APICES; CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION; L.; GROWTH; CELLS; DEHYDRATION AB Preservation methods were evaluated for jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus L.) to facilitate the back-up of field collections. In vitro plant cultures were established from field-harvested tubers for nine jerusalem artichoke cultivars obtained from the Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, Saskatoon, Canada. Most cultivars could be maintained at 5 degrees C or under 25 degrees C growth room conditions for at least 6 months. Excised shoot tips from in vitro cultures were cryopreserved using plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2; 15% w/v ethylene glycol, 15% w/v dimethyl sulfoxide, 30% w/v glycerol, and 13.7% w/v sucrose in half strength media salts) as a cryoprotectant. PVS2 exposures of 15 or 30 min at 0 degrees C resulted in an average regrowth of 34% across five jerusalem artichoke cultivars after liquid nitrogen exposure. Jerusalem artichokes can be successfully maintained using both reduced temperature and cryopreservation approaches. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Plant Gene Resources Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gvolk@lamar.colostate.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000024 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Poss, JA Amrhein, C AF Grieve, CM Poss, JA Amrhein, C TI Response of Matthiola incana to irrigation with saline wastewaters SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drainage water reuse; floriculture; ion selectivity; sand culture; stock ID GROWTH; SYSTEM; WATER AB Two cultivars of Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. ('Cheerful White' and 'Frolic Carmine') were grown in greenhouse sand cultures to determine the effect of salt stress on growth, ion relations, and flower quality. Two types of irrigation waters, differing in ion composition, were prepared to simulate saline wastewaters commonly present in two inland valley locations in California. Solution ICV was typical of saline tailwaters frequently found in the Imperial and Coachella Valleys and contained Cl-, Na+, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, predominating in that order. Solution SJV was dominated by Na+ and SO42- and simulated saline drainage effluents often present in the San Joaquin Valley. Five treatments of each salinity type were imposed; each was replicated three times. Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters (ECi) were 2.5, 5, 8, 11, and 14 dS(.)m(-1). Plant heights were determined weekly. Seedlings were sampled for ion analysis 9 weeks after planting. Flowering stems were harvested when about 50% of the florets in the inflorescence were open. Total stem length, weight and diameter, numbers of florets and buds, and inflorescence length were measured at final harvest. All plants remained healthy throughout the experimental period with no visible signs of ion toxicity or deficiency. Although length of the flowering stems decreased with increasing salinity, stems were of marketable quality even at the highest salinity level. Mineral ion composition of the vegetative tissues generally reflected ion concentrations in the irrigation waters. Shoot Mg2+ and Cl- were higher and shoot Na+ lower in seedlings irrigated with ICV waters than with SJV waters. Shoot P was reduced over control levels once salinity exceeded 11 dS(.)m(-1). Both cultivars were highly selective for K+ over Na+ and selectivity coefficients (S-K,S-Na) increase about 60% as salinity increased from 2.5 to 14 dS(.)m(-1). This study illustrates that commercially acceptable cut flowers of stock may be produced under irrigation with moderately saline wastewaters. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cgrieve@ussi.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000031 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, TK AF Matsumoto, TK TI Gibberellic acid and benzyladenine promote early flowering and vegetative growth of Miltoniopsis orchid hybrids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pansy orchid; flower induction; plant growth regulators ID FLORAL TRANSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PHALAENOPSIS; GENES AB Flowering of Miltoniopsis orchids is influenced by a combination of cool temperatures and short photoperiod. To determine if application of plant growth regulators could promote flowering without the need for costly structural modification to control photoperiod or temperature, we used drenches of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) (2.5 or 5 mm), N-6-benzyladenine (BA) (25 or 50 mm) alone or in combination. BA (25 or 50 mm) treatments promoted new vegetative shoots and decreased the number of plants with inflorescences compared to the untreated control plants. This reduction of flowering and increased vegetative shoot production was alleviated by the addition of GA(3) in combination with BA. However, the number of plants with inflorescences remained less than the control. GA(3) hastened Miltoniopsis inflorescence emergence during the first flowering season by 10.9 to 14.9 days for Bert Field 'Eileen' and by 48.7 days for Rouge 'Akatsuka'. The number of 'Eileen' inflorescences produced per plant increased from 2.2 to 3.0 with 2.5 mm GA(3) treatment. Flower deformities were not observed in the GA(3) treated plants, and flower size and inflorescence length were unaffected by the GA(3) treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Matsumoto, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, POB 4487, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM tmatsumoto@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000033 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Wood, B AF Baldwin, EA Wood, B TI Use of edible coating to preserve pecans at room temperature SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; flavor; oxidation; rancidity; storage; hexenal ID LIPID OXIDATION; FATTY-ACIDS; SHELF-LIFE; RANCIDITY AB Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation results in rancid off-flavors in pecan [Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.) K. Koch] kernels, which shortens shelf life under ambient conditions. For this reason kernels are stored under costly refrigeration. Edible coatings [hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), plus various additives] were used to restrict oxygen contact with kernel associated fats by acting as a barrier to gas exchange. Fresh pecans were acquired from orchards, air-dried, shelled, and treated with various coating formulations. The kernels were then drained, dried, and stored several months in open air or perforated zip-lock plastic bags at 20 to 25 degrees C and periodically evaluated by 18 to 20 sensory panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale for appearance, shine, off-flavor or overall flavor, and texture. Coated kernels generally scored lower for off-flavor, and higher for overall flavor. Preliminary coatings resulted in a less preferred appearance, but modifications to formulations of subsequent coatings resulted in either improved appearance or had no effect on appearance of kernels compared with uncoated control. Coatings with CMC imparted a shine to coated kernels, but did not generally affect texture. Hexanal accumulation, a good indicator of rancidity, of the homogenate of kernels stored at ambient temperatures for 5 and 9 months was lower in kernels coated with CMC than in the uncoated control, with CMC coatings including a-tocopherol being most effective. Thus, CMC-based coatings exhibit potential for extending the shelf life of pecan kernels. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000044 ER PT J AU Espinosa, AC Pijut, PM Michler, CH AF Espinosa, AC Pijut, PM Michler, CH TI Adventitious shoot regeneration and rooting of Prunus serotina in vitro cultures SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE black cherry; micropropagation; organogenesis; leaf explants; tissue culture ID SOUR CHERRY CULTIVARS; BLACK-CHERRY; TISSUE-CULTURE; DULCIS MILL.; WILD CHERRY; LEAVES; MICROPROPAGATION; ALMOND; L.; APRICOT AB A complete regeneration protocol was developed for Prunus serotina Ehrh., an important hardwood species for timber and sawlog production in the central and eastern United States. Nodal sections were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 mu m 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.49 mu m indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.29 mu m gibberellic acid (GA(3)). In vitro leaf explants of three genotypes were placed on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0, 2.27, 4.54, or 6.81 mu m thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 0, 0.54,1.07, or 5.37 mu m naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and on WPM supplemented with 0, 4.44, 8.88, or 13.32 mu m BA in combination with 0, 0.54, 1.07, or 5.37 Am NAA. Cultures were maintained either in continuous darkness for 5 weeks, or in the dark for 3 weeks and then transferred to a 16-hour photoperiod. TDZ and the genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated. The maximum mean number of shoots regenerated per explant (5.05 +/- 1.14) was obtained with 2.27 mu m TDZ plus 0.54 Am NAA with the 3-week dark period then light treatment. The highest percent shoot regeneration (38.3) and mean number of shoots (4.13 +/- 0.97) was obtained with 6.81 Am TDZ plus 1.07 Am NAA. The highest rooting (27%) of adventitious shoots and number of roots per shoot (2.3 +/- 0.2) was obtained with 2.5 mu m IBA when shoots were maintained for 7 days in the dark on rooting medium before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. The highest rooting (70%) of nodal explant-derived stock cultures and number of roots per shoot (2.7 +/- 0.9) was also obtained with 2.5 mu m IBA, but when shoots were maintained for 4 days in the dark before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. In total, 86% of the plantlets survived acclimatization to the greenhouse and 100% survival after overwintering in cold-storage. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 54 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000045 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Liu, X Lesch, SM Suarez, DL AF Wilson, C Liu, X Lesch, SM Suarez, DL TI Growth response of major US cowpea cultivars. I. Biomass accumulation and salt tolerance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cover crops; salinity; salt stress; blackeye pea; Vigna unguiculata ID PLANT-RESPONSES; SALINITY; YIELD; GERMINATION AB Over the last several years, there has been increasing interest in amending the soil using cover crops, especially in desert agriculture. One cover crop of interest in the desert Coachella Valley of California is cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Cowpea is particularly useful in that as an excellent cover crop, fixing abundant amounts of nitrogen which can reduce fertilizer costs. However, soil salinity problems are of increasing concern in the Coachella Valley of California where the Colorado River water is a major source of irrigation water. Unfortunately, little information is available on the response of cowpea growth to salt stress. Thus, we investigated the growth response of 12 major cowpea cultivars ('CB5','CB27','CB46','IT89KD-288','IT93K-503-1', 'Iron Clay','Speckled Purple Hall', 'UCR 134', 'UCR 671', 'UCR 730', '8517', and '79641) to increasing salinity levels. The experiment was set up as a standard Split Plot design. Seven salinity levels ranging from 2.6 to 20.1 dS(.)m(-1) were constructed, based on Colorado River water salt composition, to have NaCl, CaCl2 and MgSO(4) as the salinization salts. The osmotic potential ranged from -0.075 to -0.82 MPa. Salt stress began 7 days after planting by adding the salts into irrigating nutrient solution and ended after 5 consecutive days. The plants were harvested during flowering period for biomass measurement (53 days after planting). Data analysis using SAS analysis of variance indicated that the salinity in the range between 2.6 and 20.1 dS(.)m(-1) significantly reduced leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and root dry weight (P <= 0.05). We applied the data to a salt-tolerance model, log(Y) = a(1) + a(2)X + a(3)X(2), where Y represents biomass, a, a 2 and a 3 are empirical constants, and X represents salinity, and found that the model accounted for 99%,97%,96%,99%, and 96% of salt effect for cowpea shoot, leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and root dry weight, respectively. We also found significant differences (P <= 0.05) of each biomass parameter among the 12 cultivars and obtained different sets of the empirical constants to quantitatively describe the response of each biomass parameter to salinity for individual cowpea cultivars. Since a significant salt x cultivar interaction effect (P <= 0.05) was found on leaf area and leaf dry weight we concluded that salt tolerance differences exist among the tested cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 E Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cwilson@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000051 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Polashock, JJ Stretch, AW Kramer, M AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Polashock, JJ Stretch, AW Kramer, M TI Leaf disk infection by Colletotrichum acutatum and its relation to fruit rot in diverse blueberry germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE image analysis; anthracnose; Vaccinium; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ID CULTIVARS; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; RESISTANCE; DISEASE AB Response to foliar infection by Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds ex Simmonds was assayed in a diverse group of 149 blueberry cultivars and selections using a detached leaf-disk assay. Disks were inoculated and incubated for one week, then were digitally imaged, and images analyzed for percent leaf decay. Infection percentages across cultivars averaged 32%, and ranged from 8% to 79%. The lowest levels of foliar infection were seen in the cultivars, Burlington, Sharpblue, and Berkeley. Foliar responses were compared to anthracnose fruit-rot susceptibility data from a previous study. Several clones were observed to have low levels of both foliar and fruit infection. Cultivars with particularly good resistance to both phases included 'Sharpblue', 'Sunshine Blue', 'Legacy', 'Little Giant', 'Flordablue', 'Elliott', 'Blue Ridge', 'Blue Rose', and 'November Glow'. Little correlation was observed between foliar response and fruit response to anthracnose infection (r = 0.15). Since C acutatum overwinters primarily in vegetative tissue, breeding new cultivars with foliar resistance may assist in reducing inoculum levels of this disease under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM mehlenfeldt@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 270 EP 271 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000062 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Peterson, JK AF Harrison, HF Peterson, JK TI Simulated drought induces high caffeic acid contents in storage root periderm of greenhouse grown sweetpotatoes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea batatas; phenolics; stress ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMISTRY C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM hharrison@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2006 VL 41 IS 1 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 006VY UT WOS:000234927000065 ER PT J AU Morris, AEL Goebel, PC Williams, LR Palik, BJ AF Morris, AEL Goebel, PC Williams, LR Palik, BJ TI Influence of landscape geomorphology on large wood jams and salmonids in an old-growth river of Upper Michigan SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE large wood jam; coaster brook trout; geomorphology; ecological restoration ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; FISH RELATIONSHIPS; STREAM CHANNELS; DEBRIS; COLORADO; HABITAT AB We investigated the structure of large wood jams (LWJ) and their use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill) and other fish in four geomorphically-distinct sections of the Little Carp River, a small river flowing through an uncut, old-growth, northern hardwood-conifer forest along the south shore of Lake Superior, Upper Michigan. We characterized nine LWJ per section and then electroshocked fish at three randomly selected LWJ per section. Structural characteristics of LWJ (e. g., total volume of wood, number of logs) varied with geomorphology at the scale of approximately one km. Differences in the abundance of fish associated with LWJ were not statistically significant among LWJ and non-LWJ portions of stream across all study reaches. Factors that explained most variability in the proportion of salmonids at LWJ (valley constraint, volume and number of pieces in the jam) reflected both large-scale geomorphology and characteristics of LWJ. If emulating an old-growth system is the goal for restoring habitat, attention should be given to the correlation of LWJ with larger-scale geomorphology of the reference river. However, it cannot be assumed that LWJ restoration will necessarily increase brook trout abundance near LWJ in a system similar to the Little Carp River as we observed low overall correlation between brook trout abundance and LWJ. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Morris, AEL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM morris.591@osu.edu RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 556 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-0973-z PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 996TW UT WOS:000234198800012 ER PT J AU Fritz, KM Feminella, JW Colson, C Lockaby, BG Governo, R Rummer, RB AF Fritz, KM Feminella, JW Colson, C Lockaby, BG Governo, R Rummer, RB TI Biomass and decay rates of roots and detritus in sediments of intermittent coastal plain streams SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE roots; intermittent streams; organic matter processing; detritus; silviculture; riparian buffer ID LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PRAIRIE STREAMS; DYNAMICS; FOREST; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE; INVERTEBRATES; HYDROPERIOD AB Biomass and breakdown of tree roots within streambed sediments were compared with leaf and wood detritus in three Coastal Plain headwater intermittent streams. Three separate riparian forest treatments were applied: thinned, clearcut, and reference. Biomass of roots (live and dead) and leaf/wood was significantly higher in stream banks than in the channel and declined with depth strata (0-10 > 10-20 > 20-30 cm). Riparian roots (live and dead combined) contributed on average 24 and 42% of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) biomass within the top 30 cm of channel and streambank sediments, respectively. Estimated mean surface area of live riparian roots within sediments was 1084 cm(2) m(-3). Streambed temperatures showed greater fluctuation at the clearcut site compared to thinned and reference treatments. However, breakdown rates among buried substrate types or riparian treatments did not differ after 1 y. Slow decay rates were associated initially with anaerobic conditions within sandy sediments and later with dry sediment conditions. Riparian roots represent a direct conduit between streamside vegetation and the hyporheic zone. In addition to contributing to organic matter storage, the abundance of riparian roots within streambed sediments suggests that roots play an important role in biogeochemical cycling within intermittent headwater streams of the Coastal Plain. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fritz, KM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fritz.ken@epa.gov RI Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 556 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-1154-9 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 996TW UT WOS:000234198800021 ER PT J AU Landis, ED Palti, Y Dekoning, J Drew, R Phillips, RB Hansen, JD AF Landis, ED Palti, Y Dekoning, J Drew, R Phillips, RB Hansen, JD TI Identification and regulatory analysis of rainbow trout tapasin and tapasin-related genes SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE tapasin; antigen presentation; processing; gene regulation; MHC ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LOADING COMPLEX; DANIO-RERIO; LINKAGE MAP; EXPRESSION; MOLECULES AB Tapasin (TAPBP) is a key member of MHC class Ia antigen-loading complexes, bridging the class Ia molecule to the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). As part of an ongoing study of MHC genomics in rainbow trout, we have identified two rainbow trout TAPBP genes (Onmy-TAPBP.a and .b) and a similar but distinct TAPBP-related gene (Onmy-TAPBP-R) that had previously only been described in mammals. Physical and genetic mapping indicate that Onmy-TAPBP.a is on chromosome 18 in the MHC class Ia region and that Onmy-TAPBP.b resides on chromosome 14 in the MHC class Ib region. There are also at least two copies of TAPBP-R, Onmy-TAPBP-R.a and Onmy-TAPBP-R.b, located on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively. Due to the central role of TAPBP expression during acute viral infection, we have characterized the transcriptional profile and regulatory regions for both Onmy-TAPBP and Onmy-TAPBP-R. Transcription of both genes increased during acute infection with infectious hematapoeitic necrosis virus (IHNV) in a fashion indicative of interferon-mediated regulation. Promoter-reporter assays in STE-137 cells demonstrate that the trout TAPBP and TAPBP-R promoters respond to interferon regulatory factors, Onmy-IRF1 and Onmy-IRF2. Overall, TAPBP is expressed at higher levels than TAPBP-R in naive tissues and TAPBP transcription is more responsive to viral infection and IRF1 and 2 binding. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA USA. USDA ARS, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 EI 1432-1211 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s00251-005-0070-5 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 020SF UT WOS:000235929900007 PM 16447046 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Sharma, BK Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ Perez, JM AF Adhvaryu, A Sharma, BK Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ Perez, JM TI Development of biobased synthetic fluids: Application of molecular modeling to structure-physical property relationship SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; VEGETABLE-OILS; BASE OILS; LUBRICANTS; PRESSURE; STABILITY; PREDICTION; VISCOSITY; INDEX AB Biobased synthetic fluids are preferred alternatives to petroleum-based products due to their nontoxic and ecofriendly nature. Recent developments in biobased synthetic lubricants are a result of their comparable performance properties with mineral oils for industrial and automotive applications. These synthetic fluids can be chemically custom designed for a specific application. To develop an optimized molecule that can translate performance properties comparable to or at par with existing petroleum-based products, via chemical synthesis pathway alone, will be an expensive and time-consuming exercise. Molecular modeling of desired compounds and subsequent computation of their minimum energy profile, steric environment, and electron charge density distribution, etc., prior to actual synthesis, can shed valuable information on their physicochemical performance properties. Based on such information, chemical synthesis can be focused only on the promising molecules. Calculations based on equilibrium geometries were optimized using AMI semiempirical molecular orbital models. It was observed that ring opening of the triacylglycerol epoxy group and subsequent derivatization of the epoxy carbons can improve the oxidation and low-temperature stability of these synthetic lubricant base oils. C1 USDA, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Induim Corp Amer, Utica, NY 13502 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 928 EP 933 DI 10.1021/ie0509185 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 008CR UT WOS:000235018300006 ER PT J AU Sinclair, JF Dean-Nystrom, EA O'Brien, AD AF Sinclair, JF Dean-Nystrom, EA O'Brien, AD TI The established intimin receptor Tir and the putative eucaryotic intimin receptors nucleolin and beta 1 integrin localize at or near the site of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 adherence to enterocytes in vivo SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COLONIC HYPERPLASIA; EFFACING LESIONS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CITROBACTER-RODENTIUM; ACTIN CONDENSATION; REQUIRES INTIMIN; HEP-2 CELLS; HOST-CELL; EAE GENE; GAMMA AB For enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 to adhere tightly to the intestinal epithelium and produce attach and efface (A/E) lesions, the organism must express the adhesin intimin and insert the bacterially encoded translocated intimin receptor Tir into the plasma membrane of the host enterocyte. Additionally, some reports based on tissue culture experiments indicate that intimin has affinity for the eucaryotic proteins nucleolin and beta 1 integrin. To address the potential biological relevance of these eucaryotic proteins in the infection process in vivo, we sought to compare the proximity of Tir, nucleolin, and beta 1 integrin to regions of EHEC O157:H7 attachment in intestinal sections from three different inoculated animals: piglets, neonatal calves, and mice. Piglets and neonatal calves were chosen because intimin-mediated adherence of EHEC O157:H7 and subsequent A/E lesion formation occur at high levels in these animals. Mice were selected because of their ease of manipulation but only after we first demonstrated that in competition with the normal mouse gut flora, an EHEC O157:H7 strain with a nonpolar deletion in the intimin gene was cleared faster than strains that produced wild-type or hybrid intimin. In all three animal species, we noted immunostained Tir beneath and stained nucleolin closely associated with adherent bacteria in intestinal sections. We also observed immunostained P I integrin clustered at locations of bacterial adherence in porcine and bovine tissue. These findings indicate that nucleolin and beta 1 integrin are present on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelia and are potentially accessible as receptors for intimin during EHEC O157:H7 infection. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP O'Brien, AD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 JOnes Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aobrien@usuhs.mil OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 20148-22, R01 AI020148, R37 AI020148] NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 BP 1255 EP 1265 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.2.1255-1265.2006 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009EC UT WOS:000235093100054 PM 16428775 ER PT J AU Duffy, MS Cevasco, DK Zarlenga, DS Sukhumavasi, W Appleton, JA AF Duffy, MS Cevasco, DK Zarlenga, DS Sukhumavasi, W Appleton, JA TI Cathepsin B homologue at the interface between a parasitic nematode and its intermediate host SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SERINE PROTEINASE HOMOLOG; JUVENILE LIVER FLUKE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ANGIOSTRONGYLUS-CANTONENSIS; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS AB Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a parasitic nematode that causes a debilitating neurologic disease in many North American cervids and domestic livestock species. We produced a PCR-based cDNA library from infective larvae (D) in order to identify molecules that mediate parasitism. A dominant 1,250-bp amplicon encoded a homologue of cathepsin B cysteine proteases. The sequence incorporated a C29G substitution in the putative active site. Antibodies generated against a recombinant form detected the native protein (PtCPR-1) in Western blot assays of L3, but not adult worm, extracts. Immunohistochemical methods revealed that PtCPR-1 synthesis was restricted to larval stages within the snail intermediate host (Triodopsis sp.), beginning as early as 2 days postinfection (dpi) of snails. The protein was present in the intestine and luminal contents and was lost from larvae over time. Concurrent studies showed that larvae induced an immune response in snails beginning at 1 dpi. Layers of hemocytes encapsulated larvae immediately after infection, and granuloma-like structures formed around parasites in chronic infections. Loss of PtCPR-1 from L3 and its accumulation in host tissues coincided with degeneration of granuloma architecture 90 to 105 dpi. Fully developed L3 emerged from the snail at this time. Our data implicate PtCPR-1 in larval development and possibly in the emergence of P. tenuis from the intermediate host. Emerged L3 survived desiccation and cold stress, suggesting that they could remain infectious in the environment. Molecules promoting emergence would facilitate dispersal of L3 and increase the likelihood of transmission to definitive hosts. C1 Cornell Univ, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Appleton, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jaa2@cornell.edu NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 74 IS 2 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1128/IAI.74.2.1297-1304.2006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 009EC UT WOS:000235093100058 PM 16428779 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Wise, IL Shukle, RH AF Mittapalli, O Wise, IL Shukle, RH TI Characterization of a serine carboxypeptidase in the salivary glands and fat body of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wheat midge; Sitodiplosis mosellana; salivary glands; fat body; serine carboxypeptidase; wheat ID CDNA CLONING; SPRING WHEAT; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; GENE AB A full-length cDNA encoding a serine carboxypeptidase (designated SinSCP-1) was recovered from an ongoing salivary gland EST project of the wheat midge. The deduced 461-amino acid sequence had a putative signal sequence at the amino terminus, indicating it was a secreted protein. The protein shared homology with serine carboxypeptidases from other insects, mammals, plants, and yeasts. SmSCP-1 mRNA was expressed in all stages of development and detected in salivary gland and fat body tissues but not in midgut tissue. Expression analysis and quantitative real-time PCR assays in male and female wheat midges and the fat body tissue of adult midges revealed that SmSCP-1 was up-regulated nearly four-fold in the female midges compared to males and nearly two-fold in female fat body compared to male fat body. The wheat midge serine carboxypeptidase (SmSCP-1) most likely has a dual function. As a secreted digestive enzyme, it could play a role in mobilizing host-plant seed reserves for feeding larvae and as expressed in fat body could function as an exopeptidase in degradation of vitellogenin and/or in post-translational processing of other enzymes. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.11.004 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 011LH UT WOS:000235269200005 PM 16431282 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC TI Sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cDNAs from the midgut of Ostrinia nubilalis: methods for allelic differentiation of candidate Bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; serine proteases; Bacillus thuringiensis resistance ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; PESTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT RESISTANCE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CRAMBIDAE AB Midgut expressed alkaline serine proteases of Lepidoptera function in conversion of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protoxin to active toxin, and reduced level of transcript T23 is associated with Ostrinia nubilalis resistance to Dipel(R) Bt formulations. Three groups of trypsin- (OnT25, OnT23, and OnT3) and two chymotrypsin-like (OnC1 and OnC2) cDNAs were isolated from O. nubilalis midgut tissue. Intraspecific groupings are based on cDNA similarity and peptide phylogeny. Derived serine proteases showed a catalytic triad (His, Asp, and Ser; except transcript OnT23a), three substrate specificity-determining residues, and three paired disulphide bonds. RT-PCR indicated all transcripts are expressed in the midgut. Mendelian-inherited genomic markers for loci OnT23, OnT3 and OnC1 will be useful for association of alleles with bioassayed Bt toxin resistance phenotypes. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, 113 Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM coates@iastate.edu NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00598.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 011GP UT WOS:000235256500002 PM 16469064 ER PT J AU Frye, JG Jesse, T Long, F Rondeau, G Porwollik, S McClelland, M Jackson, CR Englen, M Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Frye, JG Jesse, T Long, F Rondeau, G Porwollik, S McClelland, M Jackson, CR Englen, M Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE microarray; antimicrobial resistance; horizontal gene transfer ID MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; TYPHOID-FEVER; PLASMID; HYBRIDIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB High throughput genotyping is essential for studying the spread of multiple antimicrobial resistance. A test oligonucleotide microarray designed to detect 94 antimicrobial resistance genes was constructed and successfully used to identify antimicrobial resistance genes in control strains. The microarray was then used to assay 5 1 distantly related bacteria. including Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, resulting in the identification of 61 different antimicrobial resistance genes in these bacteria. These results were consistent with their known gene content and resistance phenotypes. Microarray results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. These results demonstrate that this approach Could be used to construct a microarray to detect all sequenced antimicrobial resistance genes in nearly all bacteria. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Sidney Kimmel Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Frye, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM jfrye@saa.ars.usda.gov RI McClelland, Michael/A-8583-2011; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013; OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395; McClelland, Michael/0000-0003-1788-9347 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI34829, R21 AI057733] NR 58 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 138 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.021 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 012FL UT WOS:000235323500009 PM 16427254 ER PT J AU Hanson, AM Hall, MB Porter, LM Lintzenich, B AF Hanson, AM Hall, MB Porter, LM Lintzenich, B TI Composition and nutritional characteristics of fungi consumed by Callimico goeldii in Pando, Bolivia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascopolyporus; Auricularia; Callimico; Callitrichinae; fungus; mycophagy; nutrition; sporocarp ID WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; MIXED-SPECIES ASSOCIATION; SAGUINUS-FUSCICOLLIS; FOOD SELECTION; DIGESTIVE RESPONSES; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGUS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; GUT MORPHOLOGY; PRIMATE FOODS AB Though >= 22 species of Primates consume fungi, most do so at low rates, comprising < 5% of their feeding time. Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii), spend up to 29% of their feeding time year-round consuming fungal sporocarps, the fruiting bodies of fungi. We provide comprehensive data on the nutritional characteristics of 4 species of fungi consumed by Callimico goeldii (Ascopolyporus polyporoides, Ascopolyporus polychrous, Auricularia auricula, and Auricularia delicata). The composition of the fungi is similar to that of other fungi: predominantly fiber (66.2-83.0% dry matter) with small amounts of sugar (2.0-5.6% dry matter) and crude fat (0.9-1.6% dry matter). Though the crude protein content is substantial (5.5-13.4% dry matter), much of the nitrogen in the fungi is not likely to be available to Callimico goeldii because it is associated with indigestible food components or is in nonprotein form. The mineral content of the fungi are within the normal range for fungi generally and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is low (0.07-0.25). Fungi appear to be a low-quality food resource for Callimico goeldii and may contribute to their relatively large home ranges and low population density compared to other Callitrichinae. Research on the ability of Callimico goeldii to digest fungi is needed to understand fully the nutritional value of fungi to them. We discuss adaptations Callimico goeldii may have for improving their ability to obtain nutrients from fungi and potential ecological correlates of mycophagy. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Mammal, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Anthropol, De Kalb, IL USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Dept Nutr, Daniel F & Ada L Rice Conservat Biol & Res Ctr, Brookfield, IL USA. RP Hanson, AM (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Mammal, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM ahanson9977@earthlink.net NR 94 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 1 BP 323 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10764-005-9014-z PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 038VF UT WOS:000237256900016 ER PT J AU Baumert, JL Peeters, KA Knulst, AC Koppelman, SJ Maleki, SJ Knol, E Hefle, SL AF Baumert, JL Peeters, KA Knulst, AC Koppelman, SJ Maleki, SJ Knol, E Hefle, SL TI Development of an ELISA for digestion-resistant Ara h 2 peptide: Monitoring the peptide in body fluids of healthy volunteers who consumed peanut SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Univ Nebraska, Food Allergy Res & Resource Program, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol Allergol, Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 139 BP S35 EP S35 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.144 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300139 ER PT J AU Boesen, A Wetzel, B Norris, H Bundoc, V Urban, J Urban, J Keane-Myers, A AF Boesen, A Wetzel, B Norris, H Bundoc, V Urban, J Urban, J Keane-Myers, A TI The role of innate immunity in suppression of allergic inflammation by Ascaris suum antigens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAID, LAD, AIS, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 1212 BP S314 EP S314 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1240 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865302290 ER PT J AU Bonds, RS Maleki, SJ McBride, J Cheng, H AF Bonds, RS Maleki, SJ McBride, J Cheng, H TI In vitro cross-reactivity of peanut allergens with other legumes SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Ochsner Clin Fdn, New Orleans, LA USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 154 BP S39 EP S39 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.160 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300154 ER PT J AU Chung, S Champagne, ET AF Chung, S Champagne, ET TI Effect of phytic acid on IgE binding to peanut allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 151 BP S38 EP S38 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.157 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300151 ER PT J AU Kewalramani, A Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Teuber, S AF Kewalramani, A Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Teuber, S TI Cross-reactivity among almond, peanut and other tree nuts in almond allergic patients SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Clin Imunol Allergy & Rheumatol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 127 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.132 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300127 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Perelman, B Hefle, S Vadas, P AF Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Perelman, B Hefle, S Vadas, P TI Secretion of food allergen proteins in saliva SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 USDA ARS, Food Allergy Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 193 BP S49 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.199 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300193 ER PT J AU Perkins, T Schmitt, DA Isleib, TG Cheng, H Maleki, SJ AF Perkins, T Schmitt, DA Isleib, TG Cheng, H Maleki, SJ TI Breeding a hypoallergenic peanut SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Food Allergy Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 1265 BP S328 EP S328 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1293 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865302343 ER PT J AU Sotolongo, J Cheng, H Maleki, SJ AF Sotolongo, J Cheng, H Maleki, SJ TI Maillard reaction alters the IgE and antibody binding properties of Ara h 6 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 03-07, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 USDA ARS, Food Allergy Unit, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 117 IS 2 SU S MA 153 BP S39 EP S39 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.159 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 019VR UT WOS:000235865300153 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM AF Harnly, JM TI JAAS - a historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 111 EP 111 DI 10.1039/b600105j PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 014BH UT WOS:000235453200014 ER PT J AU Kealey, CG MacNeil, MD Tess, MW Geary, TW Bellows, RA AF Kealey, CG MacNeil, MD Tess, MW Geary, TW Bellows, RA TI Genetic parameter estimates for scrotal circumference and semen characteristics of Line 1 Hereford bulls SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; fitness; semen; sperm morphology ID BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAMINATION; BEEF BULLS; GROWTH TRAITS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; ADJUSTMENT FACTORS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CATTLE; HERITABILITIES; QUALITY; COMPONENTS AB The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability for scrotal circumference (SC) and semen traits and their genetic correlations (r(g)) with birth weight (BRW). Semen traits were recorded for Line 1 Hereford bulls (n = 841), born in 1963 or from 1967 to 2000, that were selected for use at Fort Keogh (Miles City, MT) or for sale. Semen was collected by electroejaculation when bulls were a mean age of 446 d. Phenotypes were BRW, SC, ejaculate volume, subjective scores for ejaculate color, swirl, sperm concentration and motility, and percentages of sperm classified as normal and live or having abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets (primary abnormalities), bent tails, coiled tails, or distal cytoplasmic droplets (secondary abnormalities). Percentages of primary and secondary also. were calculated. Data were analyzed using multiple-trait derivative-free REML. Models included fixed effects for contemporary group, age of dam, age of bull, inbreeding of the bull and his dam, and random animal and residual effects. Random maternal and permanent maternal environmental effects were also included in the model for BRW. Estimates of heritability for BRW, SC, semen color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of normal, live, abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails, coiled tails, distal cytoplasmic droplets, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.34, 0.57, 0.15, 0.09, 0.16, 0.21, 0.22, 0.35, 0.22, 0.00 0.16, 0.37, 0.00 0.34 0.00, 0.30, and 0.33, respectively. Estimates of rg for SC with color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.73, 0.20, 0.77, 0.40, 0.34, 0.63, 0.33, -0.36, and -0.45, respectively. Estimates of rg for BRW with SC, color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.28, 0.60, 0.08, 0.58, 0.44, 0.21, 0.34, 0.20, -0.02, and -0.16, respectively. If selection pressure was applied to increase SC, all of the phenotypes evaluated would be expected to improve. Predicted correlated responses in semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to SC were 0.87 genetic SD or less. If selection pressure was applied to reduce BRW, the correlated responses would generally be smaller but antagonistic to improving all of the phenotypes evaluated. Predicted correlated responses in SC and semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to BRW were less than 0.35 genetic SD. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400004 PM 16424254 ER PT J AU Freking, BA Leymaster, KA AF Freking, BA Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of the ovine callipyge locus: IV. Genotypic effects on reproductive traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; reproduction; sheep ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; GENE; GROWTH; SHEEP; LAMB; TENDERNESS AB A resource population of ewes derived from Dorset and Romanov grandparents was generated over 5 yr to provide genotypic and phenotypic data to estimate effects of each callipyge genotype on component traits of reproduction. Effects on ovulation rate were estimated from data recorded by examination of ovaries from serially slaughtered ewe lambs (n = 174) born in 1994 and 1995. Productivity and longevity through 5 yr of age were recorded on a total of 265 F-2 ewes produced in 1996 through 1998. Number of lambs born, birth weights, and weaning weights of lambs were calculated for each ewe. Weaning weight was recorded for each lamb and adjusted for age to 56 and 32 d for dam- and nursery-reared lambs, respectively. Longevity was determined as a binary trait based on the presence or absence of the ewe in the breeding flock at 5 yr of age. Ewes generated 937 records for breeding weight and 925 records for conception rate, which was determined on ewes exposed and still present at the start of each lambing season. Seven hundred seventeen records were analyzed for traits based on the number of ewes lambing. Genotypes for the causative callipyge mutation were determined using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay. Each ewe was classified into 1 of 4 genotypes; (NNPat)-N-Mat, (NCPat)-C-Mat, (CNPat)-N-Mat, or (CCPat)-C-Mat, where N represents wild type and C represents the mutant allele. The mean ovulation rate of the ewe lambs genotyped (NNPat)-N-Mat was greater (P < 0.02) than that exhibited by (NCPat)-C-Mat; however, the estimated difference of 0.25 ovum in the ewe lambs did not affect the number born. The live weight of (NCPat)-C-Mat ewes at breeding was 2.5 kg less than that of other genotypes (P < 0.01). The callipyge genotype class did not significantly affect conception rates, fecundity, maternal ability, or ewe longevity. Maintaining a ewe flock to produce homozygous mutant rams for use in terminal sire mating systems presents no unusual problems from a reproduction standpoint. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freking, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM freking@email.marc.usda.gov RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400008 PM 16424258 ER PT J AU Larson, JE Lamb, GC Stevenson, JS Johnson, SK Day, ML Geary, TW Kesler, DJ DeJarnette, JM Schrick, FN DiCostanzo, A Arseneau, JD AF Larson, JE Lamb, GC Stevenson, JS Johnson, SK Day, ML Geary, TW Kesler, DJ DeJarnette, JM Schrick, FN DiCostanzo, A Arseneau, JD TI Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F-2 alpha, and progesterone SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cow; synchronization; timed artificial insemination ID GESTATION LENGTH; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; WEANING TRAITS; CATTLE; BIRTH; GNRH; NORGESTOMET; OVULATION; PROTOCOLS; PGF2-ALPHA AB We determined whether a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus, or estrous detection plus TAI, and whether adding a controlled internal device release (CIDR) to GnRH-based protocols would enhance fertility. Estrus was synchronized in 2,598 suckled beef cows at 14 locations, and AI was preceded by 1 of 5 treatments: 1) a CIDR for 7 d with 25 mg of PG F-2 alpha (PGF) at CIDR removal, followed by detection of estrus and Al during the 84 h after PGF; cows not detected in estrus by 84 h received 100 mu g of GnRH and TAI at 84 h (control; n = 506); 2) GnRH administration, followed in 7 d with PGF, followed in 60 h by a second injection of GnRH and TAI (CO-Synch; n = 548); 3) CO-Synch plus a CIDR during the 7 d between the first injection of GnRH and PGF (CO-Synch + CIDR; n = 539); 4) GnRH administration, followed in 7 d with PGF, followed by detection of estrus and Al during the 84 h after PGF; cows not detected in estrus by 84 h received GnRH and TAI at 84 h (Select Synch & TAI; n = 507); and 5) Select Synch & TAI plus a CIDR during the 7 d between the first injection of GnRH and PGF (Select Synch + CIDR & TAI; n = 498). Blood samples were collected (d -17 and -7, relative to PGF) to determine estrous cycle status. For the control, Select Synch & TAI, and Select Synch + CIDR & TAI treatments, a minimum of twice daily observations for estrus began on d 0 and continued for at least 72 h. Inseminations were performed using the AM/PM rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography. Percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of treatments was 66%. Pregnancy rates (proportion of cows pregnant to Al of all cows synchronized during the synchronization period) among locations across treatments ranged from 37% to 67%. Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.05) for the Select Synch + CIDR & TAI (58%), CO-Synch + CIDR.(54%), Select Synch & TAI (53%), or control (53%) treatments than the CO-Synch (44%) treatment. Among the 3 protocols in which estrus was detected, conception rates (proportion of cows that became pregnant to Al of those exhibiting estrus during the synchronization period) were greater (P < 0.05) for Select Synch & TAI (70%; 217 of 309) and Select Synch + CIDR & TAI (67%; 230 of 345) cows than for control cows (61%; 197 of 325). We conclude that the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol yielded similar pregnancy rates to estrous detection protocols and is a reliable TAI protocol that eliminates detection of estrus when inseminating beef cows. C1 Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Select Sires Inc, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lamb, GC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM clamb@umn.edu RI Day, Michael/K-4311-2013 NR 24 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 332 EP 342 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400011 PM 16424261 ER PT J AU Geary, TW Grings, EE MacNeil, MD de Avila, DM Reeves, JJ AF Geary, TW Grings, EE MacNeil, MD de Avila, DM Reeves, JJ TI Use of recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone antigens for immunosterilization of beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gonadotropin-releasing hormone; heifer; immunization; sterilization ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; FUSION PROTEINS; GROWTH; GNRH; BULLS AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of immunization against recombinant GnRH fusion proteins and growth promotants on onset of puberty, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of beef heifers. Heifers were immunized against an ovalbumin fusion protein containing 7 GnRH peptides (oGnRH, n = 12), a thioredoxin fusion protein containing 7 GnRH peptides (tGnRH, n = 12), a combination of oGnRH plus tGnRH (otGnRH, n = 12), or a combination of ovalbumin and thioredoxin (control, n = 11). Each heifer received a primary immunization containing 1 mg of protein in 1 mL of adjuvant injected into the mammary gland at wk 0 (mean age = 38 wk) and booster immunizations at wk 6 and 12. Six heifers within each treatment received Synovex H implants at wk -2. Weekly blood samples were collected from wk -2 to 26 for determination of serum progesterone concentrations and GnRH antibody titers. In GnRH-immunized heifers, GnRH antibody titers increased after the first booster injection, peaked after the second booster injection, and remained elevated through the end of the study (P < 0.01). Heifers immunized against oGnRH achieved greater (P < 0.05) GnRH antibody titers than tGnRH heifers but did not differ (P = 0.20) from otGnRH heifers. During the 26-wk study, ovulation was prevented (P < 0.05) in 10 out of 12, 12 out of 12, It out of 12, and 0 out of 11 tGnRH, oGnRH, otGnRH, and control heifers, respectively. At slaughter, uterine weights were lighter (P < 0.01) for GnRH-immunized heifers than control heifers. Synovex H-implanted heifers had greater (P < 0.05) ADG from wk -2 to 26, greater LM area, and lesser percentages of KPH, yield grade, and quality grade than nonimplanted heifers, regardless of the immunization treatment. Immunization against GnRH fusion proteins resulted in production of antibodies against GnRH that prevented ovulation in 92% of the heifers without affecting feedlot or carcass performance. Implanting heifers with Synovex H improved ADG, LM area, and yield grade. Improvements in delivery of the oGnRH vaccine may provide a feasible alternative to surgical spaying of heifers. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM tom@larrl.ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 343 EP 350 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400012 PM 16424262 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Cockett, NE Lewis, GS AF Stellflug, JN Cockett, NE Lewis, GS TI Relationship between sexual behavior classifications of rams and lambs sired in a competitive breeding environment SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competitive mating; ewe lambing; lambs born; paternal typing; ram; sexual behavior ID POLYMORPHIC OVINE MICROSATELLITES; SERVING CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE; EWES; FERTILITY; DURATION; LIBIDO; LOCI AB The objectives for this study were to 1) determine the relationship between sexual performance class and lambs sired in a competitive mating environment, and 2) determine whether the male-oriented ram test is valid. Fifteen 2- to 3-yr-old white-faced rams classified as female-oriented, with high or low sexual performance, or classified as male-oriented were used in a multiple-sire breeding arrangement. Five groups of approximately 200 ewes each were exposed for 21 d to 3 rams per group consisting of 1 ram from each class. Rams were blocked for sexual class, and those with close genetic relationship were assigned to different pens. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood collected from 15 rams, 934 ewes, and 1,757 lambs. Up to 4 microsatellite markers were used to determine a lamb's sire. Of 884 ewes with identifiable lambs (known sires), 178 ewes had single lambs, 408 had multiples sired by 1 ram, and 298 had multiples sired by more than 1 ram. The sexual partner preference test used to identify male-oriented rams did not absolutely reflect their sexual performance during competitive breeding. In contrast to only mounting and servicing males in preference tests before breeding, male-oriented rams sired 480 lambs from 330 ewes. Serving capacity tests predicted sexual performance of high and low sexual performance rams. High performance rams impregnated more ewes (499 vs. 258; P < 0.05) and sired more lambs (756 vs. 357; P < 0.05) than did low performance rams, respectively. Low performance and male-oriented rams did not differ for ewes impregnated or lambs sired. We conclude that 1) sexual partner preference tests used to classify male-oriented rams were not absolute in reflecting their breeding performance in a competitive breeding environment; 2) serving capacity tests predicted that high performance rams would breed more ewes than low performance rams and sire more lambs than either low performance or male-oriented rams; and 3) under the conditions of this study, low performance and male-oriented rams did not have an adverse impact on the overall breeding outcome. Combined, low performance and male-oriented rams sired 81 more lambs than did high performance rams, but this required twice as many rams to obtain approximately equal breeding results. Therefore, we suggest that serving capacity tests should be used to select high performance rams, reduce number of rams with marginal sexual performance, and make decisions on ram numbers needed. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM jstellflug@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400025 PM 16424275 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Miller, DN Berry, ED AF Varel, VH Miller, DN Berry, ED TI Incorporation of thymol into corncob granules for reduction of odor and pathogens in feedlot cattle waste SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feedlot manure; odor; pathogen; plant oil ID TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ESSENTIAL OIL; SWINE WASTE; MANURE; CARVACROL; CARBONATE; ACCUMULATION; BACTERIA AB Confined animal feeding operations can be a source of odor emissions, global warming gases, water pollution, and food contamination. Laboratory studies have indicated that plant oils with antimicrobial activity can be used to control pathogens and odor emissions from cattle and swine wastes. However, these oils are aromatic and may volatilize when applied topically. Our objectives were to evaluate the volatility of thymol from a feedlot surface and the effectiveness of topically applying thyme oil (2.5% thymol), incorporated into corncob granules and added once per week, to control odor emissions and total coliforms in feedlot manure. In the first study, thymol either volatilized or was degraded within 28 d after topical application. In a second study, thyme oil (2.5% thymol) was incorporated into corncobs and applied to pen surfaces weekly. Manure samples from 6 locations in each pen were collected from 3 untreated and 3 thymol-corncob-treated pens (15 x 150 m; fifty 400-kg cattle/pen), 3 times per week for 8 wk. Samples were analyzed for thymol concentration, total VFA, branched-chain VFA, aromatic compounds, and the number of Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Over the 8 wk, with the exception of wk 7, the desired thymol concentration of 15 to 20 mu mol/g DM was maintained in the manure. Concentrations of VFA and branched chain-VFA increased over time in untreated and treated pens. However, the rate of VFA accumulation in treated pens (7.5 +/- 1.3 mu mol center dot g DM(-1.)wk(-1)) was less (P < 0.01) than the rate of accumulation in untreated pens (18.0 +/- 2.1 mu mol(.)g DM(-1.)wk(-1)). Likewise, the rate of branched-chain VFA accumulation in treated pens (0.31 +/- 0.04 mu mol(.)g DM(-1.)wk(-1)) was less (P < 0.01) than in untreated pens (0.55 +/- 0.06 mu mol(.)g DM(-1.)wk(-1)). The concentrations of E. coli in treated pens (2.9 +/- 1.2 x 10(5) cfu(.)g DM-1) were 91% less (P < 0.04) than in untreated pens (31.1 +/- 4.0 x 10(5) cfu(.)g DM-1). Similarly, concentrations of coliforms in treated pens (3.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(5) cfu(.)g DM-1) were 89% less (P < 0.04) than those of untreated pens (35.3 +/- 4.2 x 10(5) cfu(.)g DM-1). These results indicate that odor emissions and total coliforms can be reduced in feedlot manure with a once per week application of thymol incorporated in a granular form. However, corncobs are bulky, and other granular carriers with a greater carrying capacity for thyme oil should be explored. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM varel@email.marc.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 481 EP 487 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IN UT WOS:000236120400027 PM 16424277 ER PT J AU Tankson, JD Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson, CR Headrick, M AF Tankson, JD Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson, CR Headrick, M TI Genetic relatedness of a rarely isolated Salmonella: Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar from NARMS animal isolates SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; multiple drug resistance; integrons; PFGE; ribotyping ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; LARGE PLASMIDS AB Background: In the United States, Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar is infrequently isolated. Between 1997 and 2000, the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) assayed a total of 22 383 Salmonella isolates from various animal sources (swine, cattle, chickens, turkeys, cats, horses, exotics and dogs) for antimicrobial susceptibility. Isolates originated from diagnostic and non-diagnostic submissions. Objectives: To study the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Salmonella Niakhar. Methods and results: Only five (0.02%) of the 22 383 isolates were identified as Salmonella Niakhar. Antimicrobial resistance testing indicated that three isolates were pan-susceptible, one isolate was resistant to ampicillin and one isolate was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. RAPD-PCR analysis, PFGE and ribotyping indicated that two pan-susceptible isolates were genetically similar, whereas the three remaining isolates were genetically different. The one Salmonella Niakhar isolate that was multiresistant harboured a class I integron, intI1 and two large plasmids. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of a ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella isolate from the animal arm of NARMS. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial & Epidemiol Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial & Epidemiol Antimicrobial Resistance Re, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1093/jac.dki.439 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 007KJ UT WOS:000234967400005 PM 16352736 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Ager, AA Wisdom, MJ AF Preisler, HK Ager, AA Wisdom, MJ TI Statistical methods for analysing responses of wildlife to human disturbance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-parametric regression; off-road recreation; stochastic movement models; telemetry data; vector field ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MULE DEER; HABITAT USE; REGRESSION SPLINES; MOVEMENTS; MODELS; SNOWMOBILES; RECREATION; SELECTION; SEASON AB 1. Off-road recreation is increasing rapidly in many areas of the world, and effects on wildlife can be highly detrimental. Consequently, we have developed methods for studying wildlife responses to off-road recreation with the use of new technologies that allow frequent and accurate monitoring of human-wildlife interactions. To illustrate these methods, we studied the response of Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus L. to all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), one of the most prominent forms of summer recreation in North America. We studied elk because the species is not only of keen economic and social interest across North America and Europe but also exemplifies species that can be sensitive to human disturbance. 2. The study was part of a controlled landscape experiment where global positioning system (GPS)-equipped recreationists traversed an established 32-km route inside a 1453-ha elk-proof enclosure. Elk locations before and during the human disturbances were monitored using an automated telemetry system. The unique data set and study objectives led to our development of statistical methods for analysing the response of wildlife to human disturbance. 3. We developed a statistical method, referred to as a probabilistic flight response, which accounted for daily circadian rhythms in movement behaviour of elk, and related the probability of flight to distance to the disturbance and a number of environmental covariates. We also present methods for estimating spatially and temporally explicit movement vectors as a way of detecting and visualizing landscape-level movement patterns. 4. Using these methods, we observed that elk appeared to respond at relatively long distances (> 1000 m) to ATVs, and that the estimated probability of flight appeared to be higher when elk were closer to the ATV routes, even when the distance to an ATV was large. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study quantifies the response of wildlife to human disturbance at a resolution well beyond previous work, and provides methods to improve our understanding of wildlife-human interactions related to management of wildlife and recreation. These methods may be used for any study involving accurate, frequent monitoring of animals and humans with the use of GPS or similar technologies now commonly available. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St,WAB, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01123.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010TN UT WOS:000235220900018 ER PT J AU Dickens, JC AF Dickens, JC TI Plant volatiles moderate response to aggregation pheromone in Colorado potato beetle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; host-plant volatile; insect/host plant interactions; kairomones ID GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SEX-PHEROMONE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SELECTION AB The orientation of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to a male-produced aggregation pheromone, (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-oct-6-ene-1,3-diol, a three-component plant attractant blend [comprised of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate + (+/-)-linalool + methyl salicylate], and other potato volatiles (nonanal and 2-phenylethanol) were tested. All compounds were previously shown to be active in coupled gas chromatography/electroantennogram experiments. Both the three-component plant attractant blend and 2-phenylethanol were attractive to adult beetles. While male beetles oriented preferentially to both plant attractants vs. a control, females showed little preference. Combining the plant attractants with the pheromone resulted in sexually dimorphic responses similar to those seen with either plant attractant alone. Addition of nonanal abolished the sexually dimorphic response to the pheromone + 2-phenylethanol blend; the new three-component blend was attractive to both sexes. In both laboratory bioassays and field experiments, a combination of the pheromone + the three-component plant attractant was preferred over the plant attractant alone. Thus, it seems likely that combinations of pheromone + plant volatiles may be the most efficacious for field use. C1 ARS, USDA, BARC, PSI,CAIBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC, PSI,CAIBL, 10700 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dickensj@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0931-2048 EI 1439-0418 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 130 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.01014.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 008BT UT WOS:000235015900005 ER PT J AU Coletta, HD Takita, MA de Souza, AA Neto, JR Destefano, SAL Hartung, JS Machado, MA AF Coletta, HD Takita, MA de Souza, AA Neto, JR Destefano, SAL Hartung, JS Machado, MA TI Primers based on the rpf gene region provide improved detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in naturally and artificially infected citrus plants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus canker; diagnosis; disease; phytobacteria; sweet orange ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CANKER; CAMPESTRIS; DIAGNOSIS; STRAINS; FLORIDA; PCR AB Aims: To have a PCR-based detection method for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) using primers designed in a specific region of its genome. Methods and Results: A Xac-specific region was identified inside the rpf gene cluster of strain IAPAR 306 in an analysis of its complete genomic sequence. Two primers were designed, Xac01 and Xac02, which, when used in a standard PCR assay, direct the amplification of a 581 bp fragment from DNA of strains belonging to Xac from different regions around the world including unusual American and Asian strains. This product was not observed when DNA from strains of the closely related X. a. aurantifolli and X. a. citrumelo were used as templates. Extracts prepared from 28 xanthomonads of other species, and epiphytic bacteria isolated from citrus also failed to produce products with these primers. Amplification was obtained from cells grown in vitro, from extracts of both fresh and dried citrus canker lesions and from washes of inoculated but asymptomatic leaf surfaces. In sensitivity tests, this PCR technique detected as few as 100 cells. Conclusions: Primers Xac01 and Xac02 provide specific and sensitive detection of Xac in all citrus tissues where the pathogen is found. Significance and Impact of the Study: This PCR-based diagnostic test is suitable for monitoring asymptomatic plants in areas where the bacteria is endemic, in plant quarantine and regulatory situations, and also for obtaining an accurate diagnosis in a very short time. These are important characteristics for any assay to be used for the management of citrus canker disease. C1 Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Inst Agron Campinas, Lab Biotecnol, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. Inst Biol, Lab Bacteriol Vegetal, Campinas, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Coletta, HD (reprint author), Ctr APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Inst Agron Campinas, Lab Biotecnol, Rod Anhanguera Km 158,CP 04, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM helvecio@centrodecitricultura.br RI De Souza, Alessandra/C-3458-2012; Machado, Marcos/G-3582-2012; Coletta-Filho, Helvecio/K-8235-2012 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02787.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 005CM UT WOS:000234800200007 PM 16430504 ER PT J AU Kebede-Westhead, E Pizarro, C Mulbry, WW AF Kebede-Westhead, Elizabeth Pizarro, Carolina Mulbry, Walter W. TI Treatment of swine manure effluent using freshwater algae: Production, nutrient recovery, and elemental composition of algal biomass at four effluent loading rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal turf scrubber; swine manure; phytoremediation; algae; composition ID DAIRY MANURE; SPIRULINA SP; REMOVAL; NITROGEN; WASTE AB Cultivating algae on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus ( P) in animal manure effluents presents an alternative to the current practice of land application. The objective of this study was to determine how algal productivity, nutrient removal efficiency, and elemental composition of turf algae change in response to different loading rates of raw swine manure effluent. Algal biomass was harvested weekly from laboratory scale algal turf scrubber units using four manure effluent loading rates ( 0.24, 0.40, 0.62 and 1.2 L m(-2) d(-1)) corresponding to daily loading rates of 0.3-1.4 g total N and 0.08-0.42 g total P. Mean algal productivity values increased from 7.1 g DW m(-2) d(-1) at the lowest loading rate (0.24 L m(-2) d(-1)) to 9.4 g DWm(-2) d(-1) at the second loading rate ( 0.40 L m(-2) d(-1)). At these loading rates, algal N and P accounted for > 90% of input N and 68-76% of input P, respectively. However, at higher loading rates algal productivity did not increase and was unstable at the highest loading rate. Mean N and P contents in the dried biomass increased 1.5 to 2.0-fold with increasing loading rate up to maximums of 5.7% N and 1.8% P at 1.2 L m(-2) d(-1). Biomass concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Si, and Zn increased 1.2 to 2.6-fold over the 5-fold range of loading rate. Biomass concentrations of Cd, K, Pb, and Si did not increase significantly with loading rate. At the loading rate of 0.40 L m(-2) d(-1) ( corresponding to peak productivity) the mean concentrations of individual components in the algal biomass were ( in mg kg(-1)): 250 (Al), 4900 (Ca), 0.30 (Cd), 1050 (Fe), 3.4 (Pb), 2500 (Mg), 105 (Mn), 6.0 (Mo), 7,500 (K), and 510 ( Zn). At these concentrations, heavy metals in the algal biomass would not be expected to reduce its value as a soil or feed amendment. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, WW (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 306,Room 109,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mulbryw@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Westhead, Elizabeth Kebede/0000-0001-9488-094X NR 17 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10811-005-9012-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 071HP UT WOS:000239590800006 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Berenbaum, MR AF Carroll, MJ Berenbaum, MR TI Lutein sequestration and furanocoumarin metabolism in parsnip webworms under different ultraviolet light regimes in the montane west SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE furanocoumarin; cytochrome P450; ultraviolet light; carotenoid; lutein; altitude; tritrophic interaction; geographic mosaic; Depressaria pastinacella; Heracleum lanatum; Pastinaca sativa; Copidosoma sosares ID OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; BETA-CAROTENE; INSECT HERBIVORES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HOST-PLANT; DEPRESSARIA-PASTINACELLA; NI LEPIDOPTERA; WILD PARSNIP; UV-RADIATION; PIERIS-RAPAE AB Both biotic and abiotic selection pressures can contribute to geographic variation in allelochemical production in plants. We examined furanocoumarin production in western North American populations of Heracleum lanatum and Pastinaca sativa that, at different latitudes and altitudes, experience different ultraviolet (UV) light regimes. Total furanocoumarins and linear furanocoumarins of fruits were negatively correlated with UV irradiance, whereas amounts of angular furanocoumarins, which are generally less phototoxic, were not. Another factor potentially influencing furanocoumarin production is the presence of the parsnip webworm Depressaria pastinacella, (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), an herbivore that feeds on reproductive structures of both plant species. These insects sequester lutein from their host plants; this carotenoid acts to ameliorate furanocoumarin toxicity. Although the concentration of lutein in fruits did not vary with UV irradiance, lutein sequestration by sixth instars was positively correlated with UV irradiance. Webworm populations are variably infested with the polyembryonic webworm parasitoid Copidosoma sosares Walker (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). H. lanatum fruits from populations with webworms parasitized by C. sosares had lower concentrations of furanocoumarins, with the exception of sphondin, than fruits from plants infested with webworms free from parasitism. Lower levels of these furanocoumarins may reduce negative effects on the fitness of this parasitoid. In contrast with the variation in furanocoumarin content, the ability of webworms to metabolize furanocoumarins by cytochrome P450 did not differ significantly among populations from New Mexico to Alberta. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, SAA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Berenbaum, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM maybe@uiuc.edu NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 277 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-9002-y PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037XI UT WOS:000237180800003 PM 16555136 ER PT J AU Faeth, SH Gardner, DR Hayes, CJ Jani, A Wittlinger, SK Jones, TA AF Faeth, SH Gardner, DR Hayes, CJ Jani, A Wittlinger, SK Jones, TA TI Temporal and spatial variation in alkaloid levels in Achnatherum robustum, a native grass infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum robustum; alkaloids; endophyte; ergonovine; geographical variation; lysergic acid amide; native grass; Neotyphodium; sleepygrass ID FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ASEXUAL FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; TALL FESCUE; LOLIUM-PERENNE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ARIZONA FESCUE; MEADOW FESCUE; PLANT; RESISTANCE; NEMATODE AB The native North American perennial grass Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth [= Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn.] or sleepygrass is toxic and narcotic to livestock. The causative agents are alkaloidal mycotoxins produced from infections by a systemic and asexual Neotyphodium endophyte. Recent studies suggest that toxicity is limited across the range of sleepygrass in the Southwest USA. We sampled 17 populations of sleepygrass with varying distance from one focal population known for its high toxicity levels near Cloudcroft, NM, USA. For some, we sampled individual plants twice within the same growing season and over successive years (2001-2004). We also determined infection levels in each population. In general, all populations were highly infected, but infection levels were more variable near the focal population. Only infected plants within populations near the Cloudcroft area produced alkaloids. The ergot alkaloid, ergonovine, comprised the bulk of the alkaloids, with lesser amounts of lysergic and isolysergic acid amides and ergonovinine alkaloids. Levels of all alkaloids were positively correlated among individual plants within and between growing seasons. Infected plants that produced no alkaloids in 1 yr did not produce any alkaloids within the same growing season or in other years. Levels of alkaloids in sleepygrass populations declined with distance from the Cloudcroft population, although infection levels increased. Infected plants in populations in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado produced no alkaloids at all despite 100% infectivity. Our results suggest that only specific Neotyphodium haplotypes or specific Neotyphodium-grass combinations produce ergot alkaloids in sleepygrass. The Neotyphodium haplotype or host-endophyte combination that produces toxic levels of alkaloids appears restricted to one locality across the range of sleepygrass. Because of the wide variation in alkaloid levels among populations, interactions between the endophyte and host, and consequences for herbivores, competitors, and pathogens and other components of the community, are likely to vary widely across the geographic range of this native grass. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Faeth, SH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM s.faeth@asu.edu NR 68 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 32 IS 2 BP 307 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-9003-x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037XI UT WOS:000237180800004 PM 16555135 ER PT J AU Loyo-Rosales, JE Torrents, A Rosales-Rivera, GC Rice, CP AF Loyo-Rosales, JE Torrents, A Rosales-Rivera, GC Rice, CP TI Linking laboratory experiences to the real world: The extraction of octylphenoxyacetic acid from water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Area Quim, FES Zaragoza, Mexico City 09239, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 248 EP 249 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 003ZA UT WOS:000234720600018 ER PT J AU Ferrucci, L Cherubini, A Bandinelli, S Bartali, B Corsi, A Lauretani, F Martin, A Andres-Lacueva, C Senin, U Guralnik, JM AF Ferrucci, L Cherubini, A Bandinelli, S Bartali, B Corsi, A Lauretani, F Martin, A Andres-Lacueva, C Senin, U Guralnik, JM TI Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; DIETARY-INTAKE; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PPAR-ALPHA; N-3; FISH; SERUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Aims: Persons with high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The protective effect of PUFAs is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including their antiinflammatory properties. The association of physiological PUFA levels with pro- and antiinflammatory markers has not been established. Methods and Results: In 1123 persons (aged 20 - 98 yr), we examined the relationship between relative concentration of fatty acids in fasting plasma and level of inflammatory markers. Adjusting for age, sex, and major confounders, lower arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were associated with significantly higher IL-6 and IL-1ra and significantly lower TGF beta. Lower alpha-linolenic acid was associated with higher C-reactive protein and IL-1ra, and lower eicosapentaenoic acid was associated with higher IL-6 and lower TGF beta. Lower docosahexaenoic acid was strongly associated with lower IL-10. Total n-3 fatty acids were associated with lower IL-6 ( P = 0.005), IL-1ra ( P = 0.004), and TNF alpha ( P = 0.040) and higher soluble IL-6r ( P = 0.001), IL-10 ( P = 0.024), and TGF beta( P = 0.0012). Lower n-6 fatty acid levels were significantly associated with higher IL-1ra ( P = 0.026) and lower TGF beta( P = 0.014). The n-6 to n-3 ratio was a strong, negative correlate of IL-10. Findings were similar in participants free of cardiovascular diseases and after excluding lipids from covariates. Conclusions: In this community-based sample, PUFAs, and especially total n-3 fatty acids, were independently associated with lower levels of proinflammatory markers ( IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF alpha, C-reactive protein) and higher levels of antiinflammatory markers ( soluble IL-6r, IL-10, TGF beta) independent of confounders. Our findings support the notion that n-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in patients affected by diseases characterized by active inflammation. C1 NIA, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Clin Res Branch, Harbor Hosp,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21225 USA. Univ Perugia, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Sch Med, Inst Gerontol & Geriatr, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Tuscany Reg Hlth Agcy, Dept Geriatr Rehabil, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Cornell Univ, Div Nutrit Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, CeRTA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ferrucci, L (reprint author), NIA, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Clin Res Branch, Harbor Hosp,NIH, 5th Floor,3001 Hanover St, Baltimore, MD 21225 USA. EM ferruccilu@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/J-3377-2012; Lauretani, Fulvio/K-5115-2016; OI Andres-Lacueva, Cristina/0000-0002-8494-4978; Lauretani, Fulvio/0000-0002-5287-9972; Cherubini, Antonio/0000-0003-0261-9897 NR 47 TC 301 Z9 310 U1 2 U2 17 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1210/jc.2005-1303 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 010CC UT WOS:000235161200015 PM 16234304 ER PT J AU Otvos, LS Kukan, B Reardon, R Ragenovich, I AF Otvos, LS Kukan, B Reardon, R Ragenovich, I TI Effects of long-term storage on potency of TM Biocontrol-1, the registered viral insecticide of Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orgyia pseudotsugata; nucleopolyhedrovirus; TM Biocontrol-1; storage; efficacy ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MCDUNNOUGH AB The article presents the results of bioassaying 39 samples of TM Biocontrol-1, a viral insecticide, from 10 different lots and various sizes of vacuum-sealed packages that were stored at -10 degrees C for 5-15 yr. This is the first study to present potency data for a registered virus product stored for this length of time. Laboratory bioassays in insects from the same colony from which the TM Biocontrol-1 was produced showed that the stored viral insecticide is still effective, although it lost approximate to 30% of its effectiveness during storage. A direct correlation of this loss with the length of time in storage is not apparent, Bioassays also showed that there are significant differences in the susceptibility of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), larvae from different geographic regions to OpMNPV (family Baculoviridae, genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection. Package size did not affect the potency of stored TM Biocontrol-1. There were no clear, significant differences in the effectiveness among lots of TM Biocontrol-1 processed by different organizations. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Otvos, LS (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200003 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, PA TI Irradiation as a methyl bromide alternative for postharvest control of Omphisa anastomosalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) and Euscepes postfasciatus and Cylas fornficarius elegantulus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in sweet potatoes. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytosanitary treatment; quarantine pest; x-ray irradiation ID X-RAY-IRRADIATION; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA AB Irradiation studies were conducted with three sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., pests to determine an effective dose for quarantine control. Dose-response tests indicated that the most radiotolerant stage occurring in roots was the pupa of sweetpotato vine borer, Omphisa anastomosalis (Guenee), and the adult of West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), and sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). In large-scale confirmatory tests, irradiation of 60,000 C. formicarius elegantulus adults, 62,323 E. postfasciatus adults, and 30,282 O. anastomosalis pupae at a dose of 150 Gy resulted in no production of F-1 adults, demonstrating that this dose is sufficient to provide quarantine security. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0032:IAAMBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200005 PM 16573320 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW Arnold, MD Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Knutson, AE Norman, JW AF Sappington, TW Arnold, MD Brashears, AD Parajulee, MN Carroll, SC Knutson, AE Norman, JW TI Dispersal of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) from cotton modules before ginning SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil eradication; cotton gin; cotton module; dispersal ID GIN; SURVIVAL AB We characterized the level of risk of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reintroduction to an eradication zone posed by dispersal from cotton modules during and after transport to the gin. Mark-release-recapture experiments in August and September in Texas indicated that most weevils disperse rapidly from the module surface, temperature permitting, unless confined under a module tarp, where most died. Nevertheless, 1-5% of released weevils were recovered alive after 24 h on the side and top surfaces of modules, representing potential dispersants. Mortality of boll weevils caged on the top surface of a module was 95-100% after 1-4 d when maximum air temperatures were >= 33 degrees C and 72-100% when minimum temperatures were -7 degrees C or lower, but a few survived even after experiencing a minimum daily temperature of -12 degrees C. Under warm (daily maximum temperatures >= 25 degrees C) and cold (daily minimum temperatures <= 0 degrees C) weather conditions, survival was higher under the tarp than on the open surface of the module (20 versus 7% and 42 versus 26%, respectively), but mortality was 100% in both locations when temperatures reached 34 degrees C. Our results indicate that although the threat to an eradication zone posed by boll weevil dispersal from an infested module is very, low under most environmental conditions, it is probably greatest when 1) a module is constructed and transported from an infested zone during weather too cool for flight, followed by warm weather favorable for flight at the gin yard; or 2) such a module is transported immediately after construction in moderate-to-warm weather. C1 Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, CPPRU, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tsapping@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0067:DOBWCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200010 PM 16573325 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR Miller, DL Bauer, LS AF Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR Miller, DL Bauer, LS TI Laboratory evaluation of the toxicity of systemic insecticides for control of Anoplophora glabripennis and Plectrodera scalator (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Plectrodera scalator; Cerambycidae; insecticides; imidacloprid; azadirachtin ID NEEM AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; SEED ORCHARDS; NEW-YORK; PESTICIDES; EXTRACT; PINE; TREE; SCOLYTIDAE; BEETLE AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most serious normative invasive forest insects discovered in North America in recent years. A. glabripennis is regulated by federal quarantines in the United States and Canada and is the subject of eradication programs that involve locating, cutting, and chipping all infested trees. Other control methods are needed to aid in eradication and to form an integrated management program in the event eradication fails. We conducted laboratory bioassays to determine the toxicity of two systemic insecticides, azadirachtin and imidacloprid, for potential control of A. glabripennis and the cottonwood borer, Plectrodera scalator (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a closely related native cerambycid. Larvae of both cerambycid species were fed artificial diet with dilutions of azadirachtin or imidacloprid for 14 wk. Both insecticides exhibited strong antifeedant effects and some toxicity against A. glabripennis and P. scalator larvae. For A. glabripennis, the highest larval mortality at the end of the bioassay was 60% for larvae fed artificial diet treated with azadirachtin (50 ppm) or imidacloprid (1.6 ppm). For P. scalator, the highest larval mortality at the end of the bioassay was 100% for larvae fed artificial diet treated with azadirachtin (50 ppm) or imidacloprid (160 ppm). At 14 wk, the LC50 values for P. scalator were 1.58 and 1.78 ppm for azadirachtin and imidacloprid, respectively. Larvae of both species gained weight when fed diet treated with formulation blanks (inert ingredients) or the water control but lost weight when fed diet treated with increasing concentrations of either azadirachtin or imidacloprid. In a separate experiment, A. glabripennis adults were fed maple twigs treated with high and low concentrations of imidacloprid. A. glabripennis adult mortality reached 100% after 13 d on twigs treated with 150 ppm imidacloprid and after 20 d on twigs treated with 15 ppm imidacloprid. There was no visible feeding by A. glabripennis adults on twigs treated at the higher imidacloprid rate, and feeding was significantly reduced for adults placed on twigs treated at the low imidacloprid rate compared with adults on untreated twigs. In summary, imidacloprid and azadirachtin had both antifeedant and toxic effects against A. glabripennis and P. scalator and have potential for use in management programs. Based on our results, the delivery of high and sustained insecticide concentrations will be needed to overcome the antifeedant effects and lengthy lethal time for both larvae and adults exposed to these insecticides. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Room 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 47 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0085:LEOTTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200012 PM 16573327 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL McKenzie, CL Hall, DG AF Lapointe, SL McKenzie, CL Hall, DG TI Reduced oviposition by Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and growth enhancement of citrus by surround particle film SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; Diaprepes abbreviatus; kaolin; oviposition; particle film ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; SOIL-MOISTURE; SUPPRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; ABUNDANCE; EMERGENCE; APPLE; PEAR AB Regularly applied sprays of a particle film, Surround WP, greatly enhanced the growth of citrus trees on a poorly drained Winder soil at Fort Pierce, FL. After 3 yr of applications every 3 or 4 wk, Surround-treated trees had at least 5 times the mass, 6 times the canopy volume, and approximate to 4 times the cross-sectional area of the tree stems at the graft union compared with untreated trees. The larger Surround-treated trees attracted a higher number of adult weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) and to a lesser extent citrus root weevil, Pachnaeus litus (Germar), per tree, but there was an equivalent number of egg masses per tree compared with the control trees. The number of egg masses per female weevil oviposited on Surround-treated trees was significantly less than either the control trees or trees treated biannually with an entomopathogenic nematode, BioVector. The number of larvae per tree recovered from the roots of excavated trees was greater from trees treated with Surround once every 3 wk compared with control trees. The data suggest that Surround particle film greatly enhanced the growth of citrus trees grown in a poorly drained soil. The reduction in oviposition by D. abbreviatus was insufficient to significantly reduce the number of root weevil larvae per tree feeding on the roots. However, the more vigorous trees resulting from Surround applications may be more resistant or tolerant to root weevil feeding. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0109:ROBDAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200015 PM 16573330 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Castle, S Byrne, F Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC AF Prabhaker, N Castle, S Byrne, F Henneberry, TJ Toscano, NC TI Establishment of baseline susceptibility data to various insecticides for Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) by comparative bioassay techniques SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE H. coagulata; neonicotinoids; organophosphates; petri dish bioassay; systemic bioassay ID RESISTANCE; ALEYRODIDAE; EVOLUTION AB Homalodisca coagulata Say adults from three locations in California were subjected to insecticide bioassays to establish baseline toxicity. Initially, two bioassay techniques, petri dish and leaf dip, were compared to determine the most useful method to establish baseline susceptibility data under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Comparative dose-response data were determined by both techniques to endosulfan, dimethoate, cyfluthrin, and acetamiprid. Toxic values were similar to some insecticides with both techniques but not for all insecticides, revealing susceptibility differences among the three populations of H. coagulata. In subsequent tests, the petri dish technique was selected to establish baseline susceptibility data to various contact insecticides. A systemic uptake bioassay was adapted to estimate dose-mortality responses to a systemic insecticide, imidacloprid. A 2-yr comparison of toxicological responses showed all three populations of H. coagulata to be highly susceptible to 10 insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. In general, two pyrethroids, bifenthrin and esfenvalerate, were the most toxic compounds, followed by two neonicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid. The LC50 values for all insecticides tested were lower than concentrations used as recommended field rates. Baseline data varied for the three geographically distinct H. coagulata populations with the petri dish technique. Adult H. coagulata collected from San Bernardino County were significantly more susceptible to select pyrethroids compared with adults from Riverside or Kern counties. Adults from San Bernardino County also were more sensitive to two neonicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid. The highest LC50 values were to endosulfan, which nonetheless proved highly toxic to H. coagulata from all three regions. In the majority of the tests, mortality increased over time resulting in increased susceptibility at 48 h compared with 24 h. These results indicate a wide selection of highly effective insecticides that could aid in managing H. coagulata populations in California. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0141:EOBSDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200020 PM 16573335 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Hogsette, JA Kline, DL Geden, CD Vandermeer, RK AF Carlson, DA Hogsette, JA Kline, DL Geden, CD Vandermeer, RK TI Prevention of mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera : Muscidae) from entering simulated aircraft with commercial air curtain units SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airflow; exclusion; biting insects; disease vectors; passenger bridge ID DISINSECTION; DISINFECTION; AEROSOLS AB Commercially available air curtain units were used to create air barriers to prevent mosquitoes and house flies from entering a simulated aircraft doorway together with passengers. Two assemblies of simulated passenger bridge and aircraft were constructed, and airflow measurements were recorded to confirm airflow characteristics for several combinations of commercial units. Three mosquito species were selected for different host-seeking characteristics, and house flies were selected to represent a large, strong-flying insect. Batches of 20 or 200 insects of four species were released into the passenger bridge just before 25 persons passed through the assembly, then insects that entered the aircraft cabin were recovered. Results showed that horizontal plus vertical or vertical-mounted air curtain units with the airflow directed at a 45 degrees angle into the passenger bridge excluded 95-99% of the mosquitoes and 95-100% of the house flies, respectively. Airflows were measured and estimated to be effective if the mean was > 4 m/s in the critical area in the center of the converging airflows. The study validates the concept that air barriers can effectively prevent the passage of flying insects into an aircraft. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0182:POMDCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200024 PM 16573339 ER PT J AU Anderson, WG Heng-Moss, TM Baxendale, FP Baird, LM Sarath, G Higley, L AF Anderson, WG Heng-Moss, TM Baxendale, FP Baird, LM Sarath, G Higley, L TI Chinch bug (Hemiptera : Blissidae) mouthpart morphology, probing frequencies, and locations on resistant and susceptible germplasm SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chinch bug; Blissus; plant resistance; turfgrass; sorghum ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; RUSSIAN WHEAT; LYGAEIDAE; APHIDIDAE; HETEROPTERA; SENSILLA; FESCUES AB Chinch bugs are common pests of many agronomic and horticulturally important crops and turfgrasses. Previous research has indicated that some grasses exhibit resistance to multiple chinch bug species, whereas others are resistant to only one species. The objectives of this research were to document differences in the probing frequencies and locations among Blissus species as well as differences in mouthpart morphology as a first step in understanding the differential responses of grasses to chinch bug feeding. Scanning electron microscopy detected differences in the total lengths of proboscises as well as individual mouthpart segments among the four species studied. Blissus occiduus Barber probed significantly more often on buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, than any other plant material. Probing locations of B. occiduus and Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (Say) were similar on both B. occiduus-resistant and susceptible buffalograsses and KS94 sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (B. occiduus-resistant, B. l. leucopterus-resistant). However, on 'Wheatland' sorghum (B. occiduus-resistant, B. l. leucopterus-susceptible), stylet tracts of B. l. leucopterus most often terminated in the bundle sheath cells, whereas those of B. occiduus generally terminated in the vascular tissues. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Anderson, WG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0212:CBHBMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200027 PM 16573342 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Benshemesh, J AF Mankin, RW Benshemesh, J TI Geophone detection of subterranean termite and ant activity SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustics; soil insects; geophone; accelerometer; stridulation ID LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; STRIDULATION; INFESTATIONS; VIBRATION; INSECTS; SIGNALS AB A geophone system was used to monitor activity of subterranean termites and ants in a desert environment with low vibration noise. Examples of geophone signals were recorded from a colony of Rhytidoponera taurus (Forel), a colony of Camponotus denticulatus Kirby, and a termite colony (undetermined Drepanotermes sp.) under attack by ants from a nearby C. denticulatus colony. The geophone recordings were compared with signals recorded from accelerometers in a citrus grove containing Solenopsis invicta Buren workers. Because of their small size, all of these insects produce relatively weak sounds. Several different types of insect-generated sounds were identified in the geophone recordings, including high-frequency ticks produced by R. taurus and C. denticulatus, and patterned bursts of head bangs produced by Drepanotermes. The S. invicta produced bursts of ticks with three different stridulation frequencies, possibly produced by three different-sized workers. Overall, both systems performed well in enabling identification of high-frequency or patterned pulses. The geophone was more sensitive than the accelerometer to low-frequency signals, but low-frequency insect sound pulses are more difficult to distinguish from background noises than high-frequency pulses. The low cost of multiple-geophone systems may facilitate development of future applications for wide-area subterranean insect monitoring in quiet environments. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3068, Australia. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Logan, Micheal/H-3632-2012 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0244:GDOSTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 012MB UT WOS:000235342200031 PM 16573346 ER PT J AU Leder, EH Silverstein, JT AF Leder, EH Silverstein, JT TI The pro-opiomelanocortin genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): duplications, splice variants, and differential expression SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FOOD-INTAKE; CDNA; LEPTIN; MELANOTROPIN; VERTEBRATE AB Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor for several important peptide hormones involved in a variety of functions ranging from stress response to energy homeostasis. In mammals and fish, the POMC-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is known to be involved in appetite suppression through its interaction with melanocortin-4 receptors. The details of energy homeostasis in fishes are beginning to be elucidated and many of the genes involved in mammalian neuroendocrine signaling pathways are being discovered in fish. In salmonid fishes such as the rainbow trout, genome duplication adds another degree of complexity when trying to compare gene function and homology with other vertebrates. This is true of the POMC gene. Two copies of the POMC gene were previously identified, A and B, presumably resulting from the salmonid duplication. However, while investigating POMC involvement in the feeding response of rainbow trout, a second copy of POMC-A was discovered which is more likely the result of the salmonid duplication and suggests that POMC-B is a duplicate resulting from the earlier teleost duplication prior to tetrapod divergence. The duplicated POMC-A had five deleted amino acids, five inserted amino acids, and 39 amino acid differences front the published POMC-A. In addition to the duplicate POMC-A, a splice variant of the published POMC-A sequence was also identified. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were developed for the different POMC transcripts, and expression was examined in I variety of tissues. Expression of POMC transcripts was highest in the pituitary for all POMC genes, but varied among other tissues for POMC-A1, POMC-A2, POMC-A2s, and POMC-B. POMC-A1 was the only transcript to respond significantly to food deprivation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leder, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM eleder@nccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 188 IS 2 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1677/joe.1.06283 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 013YE UT WOS:000235445100020 PM 16461561 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Schultz, CL Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Hallford, DM Schroeder, SB Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, TS Schultz, CL Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Hallford, DM Schroeder, SB Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of exogenous melatonin on fecal shedding of E-coli O157 : H7 in naturally-infected beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400067 ER PT J AU Gahr, SA Rexroad, CE Weber, GM AF Gahr, SA Rexroad, CE Weber, GM TI Changes in the expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding genes following fasting and re-feeding in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Leetown, WV USA. EM sgahr@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400088 ER PT J AU Leder, EL Silverstein, JT AF Leder, EL Silverstein, JT TI The proopiomelanocortin genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Multiple genes, differential expression, and role in energy balance SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Morgantown, WV USA. EM eleder@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400169 ER PT J AU Leder, EL Silverstein, JT AF Leder, EL Silverstein, JT TI Expression of neuropeptides involved in energy homeostasis in developing rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Morgantown, WV USA. EM eleder@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400170 ER PT J AU Murdock, CA Small, BC Waldbieser, GC AF Murdock, CA Small, BC Waldbieser, GC TI Molecular cloning of channel catfish steroidogenic factor-1 and the effects of exogenous LHRH treatment on expression SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. EM cmurdock@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400211 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Bilodeau, AL AF Peterson, BC Bilodeau, AL TI Development of real time PCR assays to measure levels of somatostatin14 and somatostatin 22 mRNA in channel catfish. SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM bpeterson@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400246 ER PT J AU Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Schroeder, SB Hallford, DM Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Schultz, CL Edrington, TS Schroeder, SB Hallford, DM Genovese, KJ Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of the thyroid on fecal shedding of E-coli O157 : H7 and generic E-coli in naturally-infected yearling beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1548-8969 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400272 ER PT J AU Lankford, SE Weber, GM AF Lankford, SE Weber, GM TI Intraovarian regulators of folliculogenesis in rainbow trout: mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily members. SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Head & Neck Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Morgantown, WV USA. EM slankford@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 305A IS 2 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 012MX UT WOS:000235344400159 ER PT J AU Guentert, AM Mohtar, RH Linton, RH Tamplin, M Luchansky, JB AF Guentert, AM Mohtar, RH Linton, RH Tamplin, M Luchansky, JB TI Modeling the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in pH-modified chicken salad during cold storage and temperature abuse conditions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED GOMPERTZ EQUATION; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; ACID CONCENTRATION; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SURVIVAL CURVES; WHOLE MILK; INACTIVATION; FOODS; KINETICS; BARANYI AB Listeria monocytogenes grows at refrigeration temperatures (5C or below) and tolerates various environmental stressors. The Food and Drug Administration specifies a zero tolerance for this pathogen in certain ready-to-eat processed foods. Modeling its dynamic behavior to fluctuation in temperature at various pH levels is critical to the safety of food. This study presents linear and nonlinear models to predict the behavior of L. monocytogenes in pH-modified chicken salad at various cold storage and temperature abuse conditions. A linear model of the kinetics accounting for simple and interactive effects of storage time, temperature and pH was developed. Pre-dictions of the linear model were inconsistent with laboratory observations. The limitations of the linear model were reflected in the poor correlation of model predictions to the observed values (r(2) = 0.58). A proposed nonlinear model was therefore used to model the observed data. The four model parameters (N(0), C-c(0), k(max) and N-res) were optimized for each of the nine treatments. Correlation coefficient (r(2)) values ranged from 0.70 (pH 5.2, 7.2C) to 0. 99 (pH 4.0, 21.1C) indicating an improved accuracy Developing a functional and validated microbial predictive model for chicken salad requires further analyses and collection of data at additional pH and temperature values to determine a single set of parameter values that would represent the microbial behavior at the full range of pH and temperatures observed under storage conditions. Future experiments should address the adaptive nature of L. monocytogenes, as the response to environmental stressors affects the survival of the organism in food systems. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Mohtar, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mohtar@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-8876 J9 J FOOD PROCESS ENG JI J. Food Process Eng. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 89 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2006.00045.x PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 014DI UT WOS:000235458600007 ER PT J AU Fatemi, P LaBorde, LF Patton, J Sapers, GA Annous, B Knabel, SJ AF Fatemi, P LaBorde, LF Patton, J Sapers, GA Annous, B Knabel, SJ TI Influence of punctures, cuts, and surface morphologies of golden delicious apples on penetration and growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY; TEMPERATURES; WOUNDS; TISSUE AB The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to penetrate and grow within punctures, fresh-cut surfaces, and calyces of Golden Delicious apples was investigated. A three-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 resistant to ampicillin was used to inoculate fresh and 48-h-old punctures, fresh-cut surfaces, and open or closed calyces. A concentric cutting procedure was used to evaluate depth of penetration within punctures and prevent cross contamination during sampling. Within 2 h. E. coli O157: H7 penetrated vertically through the fresh punctures and 3.4 trim within the underlying parenchyma. After 48 h. E. coli O157: H7 cells penetrated up to 5.5 mm within the punctures and > 2.6 mm horizontally away from fresh punctures. However. 48-h-old punctures did not permit penetration beyond their boundaries. Fresh-cut surfaces permitted up to 2.8 mm penetration after 24 h. Onset of growth of E. coli O157:H7 occurred 4 to 8 h post inoculation on fresh punctures and fresh-cut surfaces with populations increasing by 3 logs after 48 h. E. coli O157:H7 penetrated within calyces regardless of the extent of opening or method of inoculation. However, E. coli O157:H7 was never recovered from the inner core of apples. Computed tomography scan imaging revealed that closed calyces effectively prevented penetration of sodium iodide solutions within the calyx cavity. Lack of solution penetration may explain why sanitizing treatments are ineffective in inactivating microbial cells within the calyx. Understanding the role of morphological differences in permitting or restricting bacterial penetration may lead to development of more effective strategies to enhance the safety of fresh horticultural products. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Borland Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fatemi, P (reprint author), 800 Sylvan Ave,C-215, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07601 USA. EM peyman.fatemi@unilever.com RI LaBorde, Luke/I-3974-2014 OI LaBorde, Luke/0000-0003-4795-4840 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 011TV UT WOS:000235292100003 PM 16496564 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP Dulal, K Boucaud, D AF Oscar, TP Dulal, K Boucaud, D TI Transformation of Escherichia coli K-12 with a high-copy plasmid encoding the green fluorescent protein reduces growth: Implications for predictive microbiology SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GFP EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; MARKER; O157-H7; PH AB The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has been widely used as a biomarker and has potential for use in developing predictive models for growth of pathogens on naturally contaminated food. However, constitutive production of GFP can reduce growth of transformed strains. Consequently, a high-copy plasmid with gfp under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter (pTGP) was constructed. The plasmid was first introduced into a tetracycline-resistant strain of Escherichia coli K-12 to propagate it for subsequent transformation of tetracycline-resistant strains of Salmonella. In contrast to transformed E. coli K-12, which only fluoresced in response to tetracycline, transformed Salmonella fluoresced maximally without tetracycline induction of gfp. Although pTGP did not function as intended in Salmonella, growth of parent and GFP E. coli K-12 was compared to test the hypothesis that induction of GFP production reduced growth. Although GFP production was not induced during growth on sterile chicken in the absence of tetracycline, maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) of GFP E. coli K-12 was reduced 40 to 50% (P < 0.05) at 10, 25, and 40 degrees C compared with the parent strain. When growth of parent and GFP strains of E. coli K-12 was compared in sterile broth at 40 degrees C, mu(max) and maximum population density of the GFP strain were reduced (P < 0.05) to the same extent (50 to 60%) in the absence and presence of tetracycline. These results indicated that transformation reduced growth of E. coli K-12 independent of gfp induction. Thus, use of a low-copy plasmid or insertion of gfp into the chromosome may be required to construct valid strains for development of predictive models for growth of pathogens on naturally contaminated food. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes.edu NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 31 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 011TV UT WOS:000235292100004 PM 16496565 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE Kozukue, N AF Friedman, M Henika, PR Levin, CE Mandrell, RE Kozukue, N TI Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BAKERY PRODUCTS; GREEN TEA; CONSTITUENTS AB We evaluated the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea catechins and four black tea theaflavins, generally referred to as flavonoids, as well as the aqueous extracts (infusions) of 36 commercial black, green, oolong, white, and herbal teas against Bacillus cereus (strain RM3190) incubated at 21 degrees C for 3, 15, 30, and 60 min. The results obtained demonstrate that (i) (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gailate, (-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3-gallate showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains, gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no flavonoids are all inactive. These studies extend our knowledge about the antimicrobial effects of food ingredients. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ulduck Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyongbuk 780713, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 011TV UT WOS:000235292100015 PM 16496576 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Smith, DP Hinton, A AF Berrang, ME Smith, DP Hinton, A TI Application of distilled white vinegar in the cloaca to counter the increase in Campylobacter numbers on broiler skin during feather removal SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ACETIC-ACID; POULTRY; JEJUNI; CARCASS; PREVALENCE; RECOVERY; LEVEL; WATER AB Because of the escape of highly contaminated gut contents from the cloaca of positive carcasses, Campylobacter numbers recovered from broiler carcass skin samples increase during automated feather removal. Vinegar is known to have antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vinegar placed in the cloaca prior to feather removal on the numbers of Campylobacter recovered from broiler breast skin. Broilers were stunned, killed, and bled in a pilot processing plant. Vinegar was placed in the colons of the chickens prior to scalding. Carcasses were scalded, and Campylobacter numbers were determined on breast skin before and after passage through a commercial-style feather-picking machine. Campylobacter numbers recovered from the breast skin of untreated control carcasses increased during feather removal from 1.3 log CFU per sample prior to defeathering to 4.2 log afterward. Placement of water in the colon before scalding had no effect on Campylobacter numbers. Campylobacter numbers recovered from the breast skin of carcasses treated with vinegar also increased during defeathering but to a significantly lesser extent. Treated carcasses experienced only a I-log increase from 1.6 log CFU per sample before feather removal to 2.6 log CFU per sample afterward. Application of an effective food-grade antimicrobial in the colon prior to scald can limit the increase in Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses during defeathering. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd,POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 425 EP 427 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 011TV UT WOS:000235292100026 PM 16496587 ER PT J AU Shih, FF Truong, VD Daigle, KW AF Shih, FF Truong, VD Daigle, KW TI Physicochemical properties of gluten-free pancakes from rice and sweet potato flours SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CELIAC-DISEASE; WHEAT-FLOUR; SPRINGINESS; PROTEIN; STARCH AB Gluten-free pancakes were prepared using rice flour and rice flour replaced with various amounts, at 10, 20 and 40%, of sweet potato flour. Textural properties of the cooked pancakes, such as hardness and chewiness generally increased with time after cooking, whereas they decreased with increased sweet potato flour replacement. On the other hand, cohesiveness decreased with time, but increased with increased sweet potato flour in the pancake. Nutritional properties of the rice-sweet potato pancakes, such as protein content, dietary fiber, total carbohydrate and calories were generally comparable with those of their wheat counterpart. The only significant difference was in the beta-carotene content, which increased from 5.2 to 236.1 mu g/g when sweet potato flour was incorporated, from 0 to 40%, into the rice pancake formulation. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shih, FF (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM fshih@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00059.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 008KO UT WOS:000235039800008 ER PT J AU Gundersen-Rindal, DE Pedroni, MJ AF Gundersen-Rindal, DE Pedroni, MJ TI Characterization and transcriptional analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes and an ankyrin repeat gene of the parasitoid Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus in the parasitized host SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR POLYDNAVIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; SONORENSIS VIRUS-DNA; CHELONUS-INANITUS; COTESIA-CONGREGATA; LEPIDOPTERAN HOST; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; HEMOCYTE INACTIVATION; MANDUCA-SEXTA AB Glyptapanteles indiensis (Braconidae, Hymenoptera) is an endoparasitoid of Lymantria dispar, the gypsy moth. Expression of G. indiensis polydnavirus (GiBV)-encoded genes within the pest host results in inhibition of immune response and development and alteration of physiology, enabling successful development of the parasitoid. Here, GiBV genome segment F (segF), an 18.6 kb segment shown to encode nine protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes and a single ankyrin repeat gene (ank), is analysed. PTPs have presumed function as regulators of signal transduction, while ankyrin repeat genes are hypothesized to function in inhibition of NF-kappa B signalling in the parasitized host. In this study, transcription of each gene was mapped by 5'- and 3'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) and temporal and tissue-specific expression was examined in the parasitized host. For polydnavirus gene prediction in the parasitized host, no available gene prediction parameters were entirely precise. The mRNAs for each GiBV segF gene initiated between 30 and 112 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon. All were encoded in single open reading frames (ORFs), with the exception of PTP9, which was transcribed as a bicistronic message with the adjacent ank gene. RT-PCR indicated that all GiBV segF PTPs were expressed early in parasitization and, for most, expression was sustained over the course of at least 7 days after parasitization, suggesting importance in both early and sustained virus-induced immunosuppression and alteration of physiology. Tissue-specific patterns of PTP expression of GiBV segF genes were variable, suggesting differing roles in facilitating parasitism. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg O11A,Room 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gundersd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81326-0 PN 2 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 006OM UT WOS:000234906800008 PM 16432017 ER PT J AU Heinig, MJ Follett, JR Ishii, KD Kavanagh-Prochaska, K Cohen, R Panchula, J AF Heinig, MJ Follett, JR Ishii, KD Kavanagh-Prochaska, K Cohen, R Panchula, J TI Barriers to compliance with infant-feeding recommendations among low-income women SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; solid food introduction; infant feeding; control beliefs; knowledge; intentions; plans; decisions; postpartum practices; qualitative study; focus groups; theory of planned behavior; Women; Infants and Children (WIC); California ID ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BREAST-CANCER; PREDICTION; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; RISK AB Focus groups were used to examine relationships among maternal beliefs, feeding intentions, and infant-feeding behaviors among 65 Women, Infants and Children-eligible (28 English-speaking and 37 Spanish-speaking) mothers. Participants shared common beliefs that breastfeeding was beneficial; nevertheless, many believed that early introduction of formula and solid foods was unavoidable in certain situations. Medical providers and Women, Infants and Children staff were sources of infant-feeding information, and the Spanish-speaking mothers attempted to adhere to the guidance. However, the English-speaking mothers often ignored this advice if it was not perceived as working for the family's circumstances. Mothers, believing that providers Would not understand that they were compelled to reflect infant-feeding recommendations, Would not ask for assistance when facing difficulties. Instead, mothers relied on relatives and others for infant-feeding guidance. Educational efforts should acknowledge mothers' true circumstances, target support to each situation, and emphasize the health value of complementary foods rather than their association with infant motor development. C1 Univ Calif Davis, IBCLC, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Human Lactat Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Human Lactat Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Maternal Infant Nutr Grp, Div Agr & Nat Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA USA. Solano Cty Hlth & Social Serv, Fairfield, CT USA. RP Heinig, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, IBCLC, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1177/0890334405284333 PG 12 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 010CG UT WOS:000235163900008 PM 16467285 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Abt, SR Potyondy, JP Ryan, SE AF Bunte, K Abt, SR Potyondy, JP Ryan, SE TI Closure to "Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps" by Kristin Bunte, Steven R. Abt, John P. Potyondy, and Sandra E. Ryan SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu; sabt@engr.colostate.edu; jpotyondy@fs.fed.us; sryanburkett@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:0(879) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 004LN UT WOS:000234754400014 ER PT J AU Gao, H Wood, EF Jackson, TJ Drusch, M Bindlish, R AF Gao, H Wood, EF Jackson, TJ Drusch, M Bindlish, R TI Using TRMM/TMI to retrieve surface soil moisture over the southern United States from 1998 to 2002 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; GREAT-PLAINS; LAND; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; VEGETATION; WATER; HYDROLOGY; SGP99; COVER AB Passive microwave remote sensing has been recognized as a potential method for measuring soil moisture. Combined with field observations and hydrological modeling brightness temperatures can be used to infer soil moisture states and fluxes in real time at large scales. However, operationally acquiring reliable soil moisture products from satellite observations has been hindered by three limitations: suitable low-frequency passive radiometric sensors that are sensitive to soil moisture and its changes; a retrieval model (parameterization) that provides operational estimates of soil moisture from top-of-atmosphere (TOA) microwave brightness temperature measurements at continental scales; and suitable, large-scale validation datasets. In this paper, soil moisture is retrieved across the southern United States using measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) X-band (10.65 GHz) radiometer with a land surface microwave emission model (LSMEM) developed by the authors. Surface temperatures required for the retrieval algorithm were obtained from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model using North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) forcing data. Because of the limited information content on soil Moisture in the observed brightness temperatures over regions characterized by heavy vegetation, active precipitation, snow, and frozen ground, quality control flags for the retrieved soil Moisture are provided. The resulting retrieved soil moisture database will be available through the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at a 1/8 degrees spatial resolution across the southern United States for the 5-yr period of January 1998 through December 2002. Initial comparisons with in situ observations obtained from the Oklahoma Mesonet resulted in seasonal correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7 for half of the time covered by the dataset. The dynamic range of the satellite-derived soil moisture dataset is considerably higher compared to the in situ data. The spatial pattern of the TMI soil moisture product is consistent with the corresponding precipitation fields. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Bracknell, Berks, England. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM huilin.gao@eas.gatech.edu NR 38 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1175/JHM473.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 025QD UT WOS:000236281100002 ER PT J AU Yang, FX Waldbieser, GC Lobb, CJ AF Yang, FX Waldbieser, GC Lobb, CJ TI The nucleotide targets of somatic mutation and the role of selection in immunoglobulin heavy chains of a teleost fish SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-POLYMERASE-ETA; ACTIVATION-INDUCED DEAMINASE; CLASS SWITCH RECOMBINATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; AFFINITY MATURATION; GERMINAL-CENTERS; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; B-CELLS; HYPERMUTATION TARGETS AB Sequence analysis of H chain cDNA derived from the spleen of an individual catfish has shown that somatic mutation occurs within both the V-H- and J(H)-encoded regions. Somatic mutation preferentially targets G and C nucleotides with approximately balanced frequencies, resulting in the predominant accumulation of G-to-A and C-to-T substitutions that parallel the activation-induced cytidine deaminase nucleotide exchanges known in mammals. The overall mutation rate of A nucleotides is not significantly different from that expected by sequence-insensitive mutations, and a significant bias exists against mutations occurring in T. Targeting of mutations is dependent upon the sequence of neighboring nucleotides, allowing statistically significant hotspot motifs to be identified. Dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and RGYW analyses showed that mutational targets in catfish are restricted when compared with the spectrum of targets known in mammals. The preferential targets for G and C mutation are the central GC positions in both AGCT and AGCA. The WA motif, recognized as a mammalian hotspot for A mutations, was not a significant target for catfish mutations. The only significant target for A mutations was the terminal position in AGCA. Lastly, comparisons of mutations located in framework region and CDR codons coupled with multinomial distribution studies found no substantial evidence in either independent or clonally related VDJ rearrangements to indicate that somatic mutation coevolved with mechanisms that select B cells based upon nonsynonymous mutations within CDR-encoded regions. These results suggest that the principal role of somatic mutation early in phylogeny was to diversify the repertoire by targeting hotspot motifs preferentially located within CDR-encoded regions. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochram Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lobb, CJ (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM clobb@microbio.umsmed.edu NR 66 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 3 BP 1655 EP 1667 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 004QF UT WOS:000234766600044 PM 16424195 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Saari, JT Dahlen, GM AF Zeng, HW Saari, JT Dahlen, GM TI Copper deficiency increases fibulin-5 (DANCE/EVEC) but decreases cytochrome C oxidase VIb subunit expression in rat heart SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; heart; fibulin-5; cytochrome C ID CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; UNIFIED PERSPECTIVE; PROTEIN; BETA; IRON; CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTION; MUSCLE AB It has been well documented that dietary copper (Cu) deficiency causes a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in rodent models. However, a possible alteration in gene expression has not been fully examined. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of Cu deficiency on protein profiles in rat heart tissue with the combination of the isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) method and Western blotting analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets that were either Cu-adequate (6.0 mu g Cu/g diet n = 6) or Cu-deficient (0.3 mu g Cu/g diet n = 6) for 5 week. The ICAT analysis suggested that high-salt buffer (HSB) protein profiles from heart tissue of Cu-deficient rats were different from those of Cu-adequate rats; seven major protein species differed by more than a 100% increase or a 50% decrease. With three available antibodies, our Western blotting analysis confirmed that there was an 85% increase in fibulin-5 (also known DANCE/ EVEC) and a 71% decrease in cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) VIb subunit, but no change in succinate dehydrogenase complex (also known complex II) IP subunit in Cu-deficient rat heart. Collectively, these data may be useful in deciphering the molecular basis for the impairments of function related to the hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy of Cu-deficient rats. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hzeng@gghnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.11.002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 008PQ UT WOS:000235053600003 PM 16364442 ER PT J AU Hylis, M Pilarska, DK Obornik, M Vavra, J Solter, LF Weiser, J Linde, A McManus, ML AF Hylis, M Pilarska, DK Obornik, M Vavra, J Solter, LF Weiser, J Linde, A McManus, ML TI Nosema chrysorrhoeae n. sp (Microsporidia), isolated from browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) in Bulgaria: Characterization and phylogenetic relationships SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsporidia; Nosema chrysorrhoeae; Nosema kovacevici; Nosema serbica; ultrastructure; taxonomy; rDNA phylogeny; Euproctis chrysorrhoea ID DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SEQUENCE; VAIRIMORPHA; SPORES AB A new microsporidian parasite Nosema chrysorrhoeae n. sp., isolated in Bulgaria from the browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.), is described. Its life cycle includes two sequential developmental cycles that are similar to the general developmental cycles of the Nosema-like microsporidia and are indistinguishable from those of two Nosema spp. from Lymantria dispar. The primary cycle takes place in the midgut tissues and produces binucleate primary spores. The secondary developmental cycle takes place exclusively in the silk glands and produces binucleate environmental spores. N. chrysorrhoeae is specific to the browntail moth. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ssu rRNA gene sequence places N. chrysorrhoeae in the Nosema/Vairimorpha clade, with the microsporidia from lymantriid and hymenopteran hosts. Partial sequences of the lsu rRNA gene and ITS of related species Nosema kovacevici (Purrini K., Weiser J., 1975. Naturliche Feinde des Goldafters, Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., im Gebiet von Kosovo, FSR Jugoslawien. Anzeiger fuer Schadingskunde, Pflanzen-Umweltschutz, 48, 11-12), Nosema serbica Weiser, 1963 and Nosema sp. from Lymantria monacha was obtained and compared with N. chrysorrhoeae. The molecular data indicate the necessity of future taxonomic reevaluation of the genera Nosema and Vairimorpha. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Parasitol, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Electron Microscopy Lab, CR-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Fachhochs Eberswalde, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. USDA, Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Hylis, M (reprint author), Charles Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Parasitol, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. EM mirekhylis@volny.cz RI Vavra, Jiri/H-2157-2014; Obornik, Miroslav/G-9350-2014 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.11.006 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 014DE UT WOS:000235458200004 PM 16410011 ER PT J AU Puente, ME Rodriguez-Jaramillo, MC Li, CY Bashan, Y AF Puente, ME Rodriguez-Jaramillo, MC Li, CY Bashan, Y TI Image analysis for quantification of bacterial rock weathering SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Azospirillum; image analysis; rock weathering; Pseudomonas ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIUM; ENDOLITHIC MICROORGANISMS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; LIMESTONE; DESERT; MONUMENTS; DETERIORATION; CYANOBACTERIA; AZOSPIRILLUM; SANDSTONE AB A fast, quantitative image analysis technique was developed to assess potential rock weathering by bacteria. The technique is based on reduction in the surface area of rock particles and counting the relative increase in the number of small particles in ground rock slurries. This was done by recording changes in ground rock samples with an electronic image analyzing process. The slurries were previously amended with three carbon sources, ground to a uniform particle size and incubated with rock weathering bacteria for 28 days. The technique was developed and tested, using two rock-weathering bacteria Pseudomonas putida R-20 and Azospirillum brasilense Cd on marble, granite, apatite, quartz, limestone, and volcanic rock as substrates. The image analyzer processed large number of particles (10(7)-10(8) per sample), so that the weathering capacity of bacteria can be detected. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23090, BCS, Mexico. CIBNOR, Image Anal Analyt Serv, La Paz 23090, BCS, Mexico. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, Mar Bermejo 195,Col Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz 23090, BCS, Mexico. EM bashan@cibnor.mx NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.05.007 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 011GQ UT WOS:000235256600012 PM 15982765 ER PT J AU Davis, P Valacchi, G Pagnin, E Shao, QM Gross, HB Calo, L Yokoyama, W AF Davis, P Valacchi, G Pagnin, E Shao, QM Gross, HB Calo, L Yokoyama, W TI Walnuts reduce aortic ET-1 mRNA levels in hamsters fed a high-fat, atherogenic diet SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE walnuts; endothelin; hamsters; tocopherol; atherosclerosis ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HAMSTERS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EARLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; RISK-FACTORS; ALL-CAUSE; EXPRESSION AB Walnut consumption is associated with reduced coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk; however, the mechanisms responsible remain incompletely understood. Recent clinical studies suggested that these mechanisms involve nonplasma lipid-related effects on endothelial function. Male Golden Syrian hamsters (12 groups, n = 10-15) were fed for 26 wk atherosclerotic, high-fat, hyperlipidemic diets with increasing concentrations of whole walnuts (61-150 g/kg diet), or alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T, 8.1-81 mg/kg diet) and single diets with either walnut oil (32 g/kg diet) or pure gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T; 81 mg/kg diet) added. Aortic endothelin 1 (ET-1), an important endothelial regulator, was assayed as mRNA. Aortic cholesterol ester (CE) concentration along with other vascular stress markers (Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase, biliverdin reductase) and plasma lipid concentrations were determined. Hyperlipidemia (plasma LDL cholesterol similar to 6 times normal) occurred in all groups. Aortic CE concentration, a measure of atherosclerotic plaque, was highest in the lowest alpha-T only group and declined significantly with increasing alpha-T. The aortic CE of all walnut groups was decreased significantly relative to the lowest alpha-T only group but showed no dose response. The diets did not produce changes in the other vascular stress markers, whereas aortic ET-1 mRNA levels declined dramatically with increasing dietary walnuts (to a 75% reduction in the highest walnut content group compared with the lowest a-T group) but were unaltered in the alpha-T groups or gamma-T group. The study results are consistent with those of human walnut feeding studies and suggest that the mechanisms underlying those results are mediated in part by ET-1-dependent mechanisms. The contrasting results between the alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol diets and the walnut diets also make it unlikely that the nonplasma lipid-related CVD effects of walnuts are due to their alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol content. Finally, the results indicate that the walnut fat compartment is a likely location for the components responsible for the reduced aortic CE concentration. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Clin Med 4, I-35128 Padua, Italy. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Davis, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM padavis@ucdavis.edu NR 52 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 006JU UT WOS:000234894600015 PM 16424123 ER PT J AU Fung, TT Hu, FB McCullough, ML Newby, PK Willett, WC Holmes, MD AF Fung, TT Hu, FB McCullough, ML Newby, PK Willett, WC Holmes, MD TI Diet quality is associated with the risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; diet; nutrition; estrogen receptor ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; POOLED ANALYSIS; COHORT; QUESTIONNAIRE; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; FRUITS AB Emerging evidence suggests that diet quality indices may serve as prognostic indicators of disease. However, the ability of these indices to predict breast cancer risk has not been evaluated previously. We assessed the association between several diet quality scores and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The indices we used were the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Diet Quality Index-Revised (DQI-R), Recommended Food Score (RFS), and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed). We calculated diet quality indices from dietary information collected in FFQ administered 5 times between 1984 and 1998 among women in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Relative risks (RR) were computed using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for known risk factors for breast cancer. Separate analyses were conducted for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) tumors. Between 1984 and 2002, we documented 3580 cases of breast cancer, of which 2367 were ER+, and 575 were ER-. We did not observe any association between the diet quality indices and total or ER+ breast cancer risk. However, for ER- breast cancer, after adjusting for potential confounders, the FIR comparing highest to lowest quintiles were 0.78 (95% Cl = 0.59-1.04, P for trend = 0.01) for the AHEI, 0.69 (95% Cl = 0.51-0.94, P for trend = 0.003) for the RFS, and 0.79 (95% Cl = 0.60-1.03, P for trend = 0.03) for the aMed. These observations appeared to be the result of an inverse association (P for trend = 0.01) with the vegetable component of the scores. We conclude that women who scored high in AHEI, RFS, and aMed had a lower risk of ER- breast cancer. The HEI and DQI-R appeared to be of limited value in predicting breast cancer risk. C1 Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Fung, TT (reprint author), Simmons Coll, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM fung@simmons.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA095589, CA87969] NR 31 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 466 EP 472 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 006JU UT WOS:000234894600021 PM 16424129 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Gennari, SM Labruna, MB Camargo, LMA Vianna, MCB Marcet, PL Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Gennari, SM Labruna, MB Camargo, LMA Vianna, MCB Marcet, PL Lehmann, T TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Amazon, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPE; OOCYSTS; DISEASE; SHEEP; STATE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of 7. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of 7. gondii in 50 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Amazon, Brazil, was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 33 (66%) chickens with titers of: 1:5 in 3, 1:10 in 2, 1:20 in 1, 1:40 in 1, 1:80 in 2, 1:160 in 5.1:200 in 9, 1:400 in 5, 1:800 in 2, 1:1.600 in 2. and 1:3,200 or higher in 1. Hearts and brains of 33 seropositive chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from 17 seronegative chickens were pooled and fed to 2 7. gondii-free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts, but none was found. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 24 chickens with MAT titers of 1:5 or higher. Genotyping of these 24 7. gondii isolates by polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 14 were type 1, and 10 were type 111; the absence of type 11 strains from Brazil was confirmed. Fifty percent of the infected mice died of toxoplasmosis, irrespective of the genotype. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Labruna, Marcelo/B-6241-2013; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Labruna, Marcelo/0000-0002-9675-3132; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 49 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1645/GE-655R.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900007 PM 16629312 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Vianna, MCB Sousa, S Canada, N Meireles, S da Costa, JMC Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Darde, ML Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Vianna, MCB Sousa, S Canada, N Meireles, S da Costa, JMC Marcet, PL Lehmann, T Darde, ML Thulliez, P TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Portugal SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GENOTYPE; BRAZIL; INFECTIONS; OOCYSTS; DISEASE AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in 225 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Portugal was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and found in 61 chickens with titers of 1:5 in 8, 1:10 in 6, 1:20 in 3, 1:40 in 23, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 8, and 1:640 or higher in 4. Hearts, leg Muscles, and brains of 15 seropositive (MAT 1:10 or higher) chickens were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissue from 38 chickens with titers of 1:5 or less were pooled and fed to a T. gondii-free cat. Feces of the cat were examined for oocysts, but none was found. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 16 of 19 chickens with MAT titers of 1:10 or higher. Genotyping of 12 of these 16 isolates with polymorphisms at the SAG2 locus indicated that 4 were type III, and 8 were type If. None of the isolates was lethal for mice. Phenotypically. T. gondii isolates from chickens from Portugal were different from those of T. gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar, P-24099003 Oporto, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CHRU Dupuytren, Lab Parasitol Mycol, F-87042 Limoges, France. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; sousa, susana/D-8567-2013; OI sousa, susana/0000-0003-3891-3924; Correia da Costa, Jose Manuel/0000-0001-6591-4303; Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933; Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 184 EP 186 DI 10.1645/GE-652R.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900030 PM 16629334 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Holliman, D Flick, GJ Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Holliman, D Flick, GJ Dubey, JP TI Effects of high-pressure processing on Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in ground pork SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; ANISAKIS-SIMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIVITY; OOCYSTS AB Ingestion of Toxoplasma gondii tissue Cysts can result in severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Treatment of mean and meat products to eliminate. viable T. gondii tissue cysts would provide a means to protect consumers. In this Study, we examined the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on ground pork containing viable tissue Cysts of the VEG strain of T. gondii. Ground pork containing tissue cysts was exposed to 400, 300, 200, 100, or 0 MPa treatment for 30, 60, or 90 sec in a commercial HPP unit. The HPP-treated ground pork Was subjected to acid-pepsin digestion and bioassayed in mice. The results of the mouse bioassay revealed that none of the mice inoculated with tissue cysts exposed to 400 or 300 MPa became infected, whereas all mice inoculated with tissue cysts exposed to 200, 100, or 0 MPa became infected with T. gondii regardless of exposure time. Results indicate that HPP treatment of ground pork with 300 MPa of pressure will render tissue cysts of T. gondii nonviable and make pork safe for human consumption. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 195 EP 196 DI 10.1645/GE-631R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 029MB UT WOS:000236565900034 PM 16629338 ER PT J AU Marsh, LE Baptiste, R Marsh, DB Trinklein, D Kremer, RJ AF Marsh, LE Baptiste, R Marsh, DB Trinklein, D Kremer, RJ TI Temperature effects on Bradyrhizobium spp. growth and symbiotic effectiveness with pigeonpea and cowpea SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cajanus cajan; nitrogenase activity; nitrogen fixation; temperature; Vigna unguiculata ID VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; RHIZOBIUM; SOIL; NODULATION; SURVIVAL; STRAINS; DESICCATION; NITROGEN; TOLERANT AB Temperature is a limiting factor on legume- Bradyrhizobium symbiosis of subtropical plants in the temperate region. Twelve strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. that nodulate pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], were evaluated for tolerance to three temperature regimes (20 degrees C/10 degrees C, 30 degrees C/20 degrees C, and 38 degrees C/25 degrees C day/night temperature) by determining their growth following exposure to the regimes. The five most temperature-tolerant strains were further evaluated for symbiotic effectiveness with pigeonpea and cowpea under controlled temperatures. These strains were USDA 3278, USDA 3362, USDA 3364, USDA 3458, and USDA 3472. Plant heights of both crops were generally independent of Bradyrhizobium strains and were dependent mainly on temperature regimes. Plant heights were the shortest at the lowest temperature. At the lowest temperature regime, biological nitrogen (N) fixation by pigeonpea was almost completely inhibited. Cowpea genotype IT82E-16 inoculated with USDA 3458 formed the most effective symbiosis. The 30 degrees C/20 degrees C temperature regime was optimum for effective symbiotic association in both crops, and also for Bradyrhizobium survival. C1 Lincoln Univ, Jefferson City, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Marsh, LE (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM lemarsh@umes.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1080/01904160500476921 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 012NO UT WOS:000235346100012 ER PT J AU Xue, QW Zhu, ZX Musick, JT Stewart, BA Dusek, DA AF Xue, QW Zhu, ZX Musick, JT Stewart, BA Dusek, DA TI Physiological mechanisms contributing to the increased water-use efficiency in winter wheat under deficit irrigation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deficit irrigation; photosynthesis; remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves; water stress; wheat ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; TEMPERATE CEREALS; GROWTH; YIELD; RESERVES; CARBON; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; REMOBILIZATION; ENVIRONMENTS; CULTIVARS AB Deficit irrigation in winter wheat has been practiced in the areas with limited irrigation water resources. The objectives of this study were to (i) understand the physiological basis for determinations of grain yield and water-use efficiency in grain yield (WUE) under deficit irrigation; and (ii) investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on dry matter accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves during grain filling. A field experiment was conducted in the Southern High Plains of the USA and winter wheat (cv. TAM 202) was grown on Pullman clay loam soil (fine mixed thermic Torretic Paleustoll). Treatments consisted of rainfed, deficit irrigation from jointing to the middle of grain filling, and full irrigation. The physiological measurements included leaf water potential., net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal. conductance (Gs), and leaf area index. The rainfed treatment had the lowest seasonal evapotranspiration (ET), biomass, grain yield, harvest index (HI) and WUE as a result of moderate to severe water stress from jointing to grain filling. Irrigation application increased seasonal ET, and ET increased as irrigation frequency increased. The seasonal ET increased 20% in one-irrigation treatments between jointing and anthesis, 32-46% in two-irrigation treatments, and 67% in three- and full irrigation treatments. Plant biomass, grain yield, HI and WUE increased as the result of increased ET The increased yield under irrigation was mainly contributed by the increased number of spikes, and seeds per square meter and per spike. Among the irrigation treatments, grain yield increased significantly but the WUE increased slightly as irrigation frequency increased. The increased WUE under deficit irrigation was contributed by increased HI. Water stress during grain fitting reduced Pn and Gs, and accelerated leaf senescence. However, the water stress during grain fitting induced remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves to grains, and the remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves significantly contributed to the increased grain yield and HI. The results of this study showed that deficit irrigation between jointing and anthesis significantly increased wheat yield and WUE through increasing both current photosynthesis and the remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves. (C) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Nalt Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess Platea, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Natl Bur Meteorol, Henan Inst Meteorol, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, Peoples R China. W Texas A&M Univ, Dryland Agr Inst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Xue, QW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, NW Agr Res Ctr, 4570 Montana 35, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM qxue@montana.edu NR 33 TC 50 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 163 IS 2 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.04.026 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010LW UT WOS:000235197200005 PM 16399006 ER PT J AU Etcheverry, P Hawthorne, KM Liang, LK Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ AF Etcheverry, P Hawthorne, KM Liang, LK Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ TI Effect of beef and soy proteins on the absorption of non-heme iron and inorganic zinc in children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE beef protein; iron absorption; soy protein; stable isotopes; zinc absorption ID STABLE-ISOTOPE TRACER; LONG-TERM CONSUMPTION; FOOD IRON; ANIMAL PROTEINS; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; MEAT; DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; DIGESTION AB Background: Iron and zinc deficiency remain substantial problems in small children in both developed and developing nations. Optimizing mineral absorption is an important strategy in minimizing this problem. Objectives: To assess the effects of beef and soy proteins on the bioavailability of non-heme iron and zinc in children. Methods: We measured iron (n = 26) and zinc (n = 36) absorption in 4-8 y old children from meals differing only in protein source (beef or a low-phytate soy protein concentrate). Iron and zinc absorption were measured using multi-tracer stable isotope techniques. Iron absorption was calculated from the red blood cell iron incorporation measured after 14 days and zinc absorption from the ratio of the oral and intravenous excretion of the zinc tracers 48 hours after dosing. Results: Iron absorption from the beef meal was significantly greater (geometric mean, 7.6%) than from the soy meal (3.5%, p = 0.0015). Zinc absorption from the beef meal was greater (mean +/- SD, 13.7 +/- 6.0%) than from the soy meal (10.1 +/- 4.1%, p = 0.047). Conclusion: These findings indicate that beef protein increases both non-heme iron and zinc absorption compared to soy protein. The effect of protein source on non-heme iron and inorganic zinc absorption should be one of the factors taken into account when designing diets for children. The inhibitory effect of the soy based meal on iron and zinc absorption could be overcome by fortifying the soy protein with these minerals during the production process. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 027NA UT WOS:000236421100005 PM 16522930 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, BK Adhvaryu, A Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ TI Chemical modification of vegetable oils for lubricant applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE chemically modified vegetable oils; diester triacylglycerol; dihydroxy; epoxidized soybean oil; oxidation; pour point; vegetable oils ID SOYBEAN OIL; STABILITY AB Owing to the unfavorable impact on the environment of mineral oil-based lubricants, there has been a steady increase in the demand for biodegradable, environment-friendly lubricants. However, development of a biodegradable base fluid that could replace or partially substitute conventional mineral oil is a big challenge. Vegetable oils are recognized as rapidly biodegradable and are thus promising candidates as base fluids in environment-friendly lubricants. Vegetable oils have excellent lubricity, but poor oxidation and low-temperature stability. This paper presents a series of structural modifications of vegetable oils using anhydrides of different chain lengths. The reaction was monitored and products were confirmed by NMR, FTIR, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental conditions were optimized for research quantity and for laboratory scale-up (up to 4 lb = 1.8 kg). The thermo-oxidation stability of these new lubricant base fluids was tested using pressure differential scanning calorimetry and TGA. The chemically modified base fluids exhibit superior oxidation stability in comparison with unmodified vegetable oils. These base fluids in combination with suitable additives exhibit equivalent oxidation stability compared with mineral oil-based formulations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM erhansz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1185-z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024BT UT WOS:000236170600007 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Robertson, GH Orts, WJ TI Solvent extraction of ethanol from aqueous solutions using biobased oils, alcohols, and esters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; fatty alcohols; fatty esters; solvent extraction; vegetable oils ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; FERMENTATION AB Distribution coefficients and separation factors were determined for the partitioning of ethanol and water from aqueous mixtures into several vegetable oils and their fatty alcohol and fatty ester derivatives. Castor oil, ricinoleyl alcohol, and methyl ricinoleate all show higher ethanol distribution coefficients, and similar or reduced separation factors, relative to other oils and derivatives studied here or reported by others. Of particular interest, ricinoleyl alcohol has an ethanol distribution coefficient 50% higher than that of oleyl alcohol, a commonly studied solvent for ethanol extraction from fermentation broths. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roffeman@pw.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-1188-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 024BT UT WOS:000236170600010 ER PT J AU Dwire, KA Lowrance, RR AF Dwire, KA Lowrance, RR TI Riparian ecosystems and buffers-multiscale structure, function, and management: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ZONES C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Dwire, KA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kadwire@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03817.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000002 ER PT J AU Dabney, SM Moore, MT Locke, MA AF Dabney, SM Moore, MT Locke, MA TI Integrated management of in-field, edge-of-field, and after-field buffers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference on Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers CY JUN, 2004 CL Olympic Valley, CA SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE water quality; runoff; erosion; sediment; nutrients; pesticides; riparian buffers ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; RIPARIAN BUFFER; GRASS HEDGES; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; NITRATE REMOVAL; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; STRIPS; NITROGEN; FLUOMETURON AB This review summarizes how conservation benefits are maximized when in-field and edge-of-field buffers are integrated with each other and with other conservation practices such as residue management and grade control structures. Buffers improve both surface and subsurface water quality. Soils under permanent buffer vegetation generally have higher organic carbon concentrations, higher infiltration capacities, and more active microbial populations than similar soils under annual cropping. Sediment can be trapped with rather narrow buffers, but extensive buffers are better at transforming dissolved pollutants. Buffers improve surface runoff water quality most efficiently when flows through them are slow, shallow, and diffuse. Vegetative barriers - narrow strips of dense, erect grass - can slow and spread concentrated runoff. Subsurface processing is best on shallow soils that provide increased hydrologic contact between the ground water plume and buffer vegetation. Vegetated ditches and constructed wet-lands can act as "after-field" conservation buffers, processing pollutants that escape from fields. For these buffers to function efficiently, it is critical that in-field and edge-of-field practices limit peak runoff rate and sediment yield in order to maximize contact time with buffer vegetation and minimize the need for cleanout excavation that destroys vegetation and its processing capacity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Dabney, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM sdabney@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03819.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000004 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Langendoen, EJ Doyle, MW AF Shields, FD Langendoen, EJ Doyle, MW TI Adapting existing models to examine effects of agricultural conservation programs on stream habitat quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference on Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers CY JUN, 2004 CL Olympic Valley, CA SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE aquatic habitats; water quality; agricultural watersheds; buffers; stream ecosystems; modeling; Index of Biotic Integrity ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; MACROINVERTEBRATE SPECIES TRAITS; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WARMWATER STREAMS; CHANNEL INCISION; INTEGRITY; RIVER; MANAGEMENT; RIPARIAN AB Annual expenditures by the federal government in the United States for agricultural conservation programs increased about 80 percent with passage of the 2002 Farm Bill. However, environmental benefits of these programs have not been quantified. A national project is under way to estimate the effect of conservation practices on environmental resources. The watershed models intended for use in that project are focused on water quantity and quality and have minimal habitat assessment capability. Major impairments to aquatic ecosystems in many watersheds consist of physical habitat degradation, not water quality, suggesting that current models for this national initiative do not address one of the most significant aspects of aquatic ecosystem degradation. Currently used models contain some components relevant to aquatic habitat, and this paper describes specific components that should be added to allow rudimentary stream habitat quality assessments. At least six types of variables could be examined for ecological impact: land use, streamflow, water temperature, streambed material type, large woody debris, and hydraulic conditions at base flow. All of these variables are influenced by the presence, location, and quality of buffers. Generation of stream corridor ecological or habitat quality indices might contribute to assessments of the success or failure of conservation programs. Additional research is needed to refine procedures for combining specific measures of stream habitat into ecologically meaningful indices. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03820.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000005 ER PT J AU Simon, A Pollen, N Langendoen, E AF Simon, A Pollen, N Langendoen, E TI Influence of two woody riparian species on critical conditions for streambank stability: Upper Truckee River, California SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference on Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers CY JUN, 2004 CL Olympic Valley, CA SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE infiltration; riparian vegetation; rivers/streams; streambank stability; erosion; root reinforcement ID TREE ROOTS; LAKE TAHOE; VARIABILITY; STRENGTH; ERODIBILITY; VEGETATION; LOESS; BANK; USA AB Over the past 35 years, a trend of decreasing water clarity has been documented in Lake Tahoe, attributable in part to the delivery of fine grained sediment emanating from upland and channel erosion. A recent study showed that the Upper Truckee River is the single largest contributor of sediment to Lake Tahoe, with a large proportion of the sediment load emanating from streambanks. This study combines field data with numerical modeling to identity the critical conditions for bank stability along an unstable reach of the Upper Truckee River, California. Bank failures occur during winter and spring months, brought on by repeated basal melting of snow packs and rain-on-snow events. Field studies of young lodgepole pines and Lemmon's willow were used to quantity the mechanical, hydrologic, and net effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability. Lemmon's willow provided an order of magnitude more root reinforcement (5.5 kPa) than the lodgepole pines (0.5 kPa); the hydrologic effects of the species varied spatially and temporally and generally were of a smaller magnitude than the mechanical effects. Overall, Lemmon's willow provided a significant increase in bank strength, reducing the frequency of bank failures and delivery of fine grained sediment to the study reach of the Upper Truckee River. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 11578, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM npollen@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03826.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000011 ER PT J AU Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD TI Black willow cutting survival in streambank plantings, southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference on Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers CY JUN, 2004 CL Olympic Valley, CA SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE riverbank; restoration; incised channel; willow post; streambank erosion; riparian zones ID PREPLANTING SOAKING; SOIL-MOISTURE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; ROOT; SEEDLINGS AB Field studies were conducted on black willow (Salix nigra) cuttings planted for riparian zone restoration along Harland Creek, Twentymile Creek, and Little Topashaw Creek in Mississippi, USA. Planted cuttings were 2.5 to 3 m long and had base diameters of 2.5 to 7.5 cm. Streams were unstable, deeply incised sand bed channels with eroding banks 1 to 6 m high. Soil texture, redox potential (Eh), depth to water table, and willow survival were monitored for two to three years after planting. While many factors influence willow cuttings at restoration sites, soil texture and moisture are key to plant success. In these studies, plant survival and growth were best for cuttings planted in soils with less than 40 percent silt-clay content and a water table 0.5 m to 1.0 m below the soil surface during the growing season. These conditions produced soil Eh greater than approximately 200 mV and were most often observed 1 to 2 m higher than the bank toe. These findings suggest criteria useful for preplanting site evaluations. Additional evidence suggests that preplanting soaking enhances performance of black willow cuttings. Additional factors (channel erosion, herbivory by beaver, and competition from exotics) may control performance over periods longer than two to three years. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Pezeshki, SR (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM pezeshki@memphis.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03833.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000018 ER PT J AU Dwire, KA Ryan, SE Shirley, LJ Lytjen, D Otting, N Dixon, MK AF Dwire, KA Ryan, SE Shirley, LJ Lytjen, D Otting, N Dixon, MK TI Influence of herbivory on regrowth of riparian shrubs following a wildland fire SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer Specialty Conference on Riparian Ecosystems and Buffers CY JUN, 2004 CL Olympic Valley, CA SP Amer Water Resources Assoc DE wildfire; restoration; riparian ecology; post-fire regeneration; livestock; native ungulates ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST; USA; UNGULATE; WILLOWS; PERSPECTIVE; COTTONWOODS; ECOLOGY AB Streamside vegetation frequently regenerates faster than upland vegetation following wildland fire and contributes to the recovery of riparian and stream ecosystems. Limited data are available, however, on the post-fire growth of riparian species and the influence of herbivory on regeneration. To determine post-fire regrowth of riparian vegetation, height, crown area, crown volume, and browse levels were measured for key riparian shrub species in streamside burned and unburned plots along second-order streams in western Wyoming. Shrubs in the burned plots were subject to high levels of browse - up to 84 percent of the leaders were browsed - by native ungulates in 2002, the second post-fire year (September 2001 to September 2002). In summer 2003, the burned watershed was also grazed by livestock, resulting in increased browse levels and decreased shrub heights for several species. In the third post-fire year, September 2002 to September 2003, four of the six most common species showed no increase in crown area or crown volume, indicating that the combination of native ungulate and cattle browsing suppressed their growth. Potential impacts of grazing on post-fire recovery of stream and riparian ecosystems are discussed. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Duckfoot Survey Co, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fraser Expt Forest, Fraser, CO 80442 USA. RP Dwire, KA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kadwire@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03834.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 029HW UT WOS:000236554000019 ER PT J AU Jonnala, RS Dunford, NT Chenault, K AF Jonnala, RS Dunford, NT Chenault, K TI Tocopherol, phytosterol and phospholipid compositions of genentically modified peanut varieties SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE phospholipid; phytosterol; tocopherol; transgenic peanut AB Genetic engineering offers great potential for developing peanut cultivars resistant to a broad spectrum of pathogens that pose a recurring threat to peanut health. In an effort to improve the disease resistance of peanuts, three transgenic peanut lines were developed. Somatic embryos of the peanut cultivar Okrun were transformed by inserting a chitinase gene from rice and/or a beta-1-3-glucanase gene from alfalfa. The main objective of this research project was the assessment of composition of the nutritionally beneficial bioactive components in biotechnology-derived peanut lines. The transgenic peanut lines 188, 540 and 654, which showed increased resistance to fungal diseases, as compared to the parent line, were analyzed for their tocopherol, phytosterol and phospholipid compositions. The compositions of transgenic lines were compared to those of the parent cultivar. The experimental results indicate no major changes in the composition of transgenic peanut lines examined in this study with respect to the cultivar Okrun. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Dunford, NT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Room 103, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM dunford@okstate.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2372 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006BT UT WOS:000234870800020 ER PT J AU de los Santos, T Botton, SD Weiblen, R Grubman, MJ AF de los Santos, T Botton, SD Weiblen, R Grubman, MJ TI The leader proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits the induction of beta interferon mRNA and blocks the host innate immune response SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; THEILERS VIRUS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES; MENGOVIRUS LEADER; STIMULATED GENES; CELLS; PROTEASE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS AB We have previously shown that the leader proteinase (L-pro) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) blocks cap-dependent mRNA translation and that a genetically engineered FMDV lacking the leader proteinase coding region (A12-LLV2) is attenuated in cell culture and susceptible animals. The attenuated phenotype apparently is a consequence of the inability of A12-LLV2 to block the expression of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) protein, resulting in IFN-induced inhibition of FMDV replication. Here we show that in addition to preventing IFN-alpha/beta protein synthesis, L-pro reduces the level of immediate-early induction of IFN-beta mRNA and IFN-stimulated gene products such as double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and Mx1 mRNAs in swine cells. Down-regulation of cellular PKR by RNA interference did not affect wild-type virus yield but resulted in a higher yield of A12-LLV2, indicating a direct role of PKR in controlling FMDV replication in the natural host. The observation that L-pro controls the transcription of genes involved in innate immunity reveals a novel role of this protein in antagonizing the cellular response to viral infection. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Ist Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Ist Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov RI Weiblen, Rudi/H-7003-2014 OI Weiblen, Rudi/0000-0002-1737-9817 NR 55 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1906 EP 1914 DI 10.1128/JVI.80.4.1906-1914.2006 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 011DQ UT WOS:000235248500029 PM 16439546 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Turner, DP Cohen, WB Guzy, M AF Kennedy, RE Turner, DP Cohen, WB Guzy, M TI A method to efficiently apply a biogeochemical model to a landscape SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biome-BGC; carbon modeling; interpolation; mapping; net ecosystem production; net primary production; Oregon ID FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; COMPLEX TERRAIN; WESTERN OREGON; GREAT-PLAINS; CLIMATE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON; SCALE AB Biogeochemical models offer an important means of understanding carbon dynamics, but the computational complexity of many models means that modeling all grid cells on a large landscape is computationally burdensome. Because most biogeochemical models ignore adjacency effects between cells, however, a more efficient approach is possible. Recognizing that spatial variation in model outputs is solely a function of spatial variation in input driver variables such as climate, we developed a method to sample the model outputs in input variable space rather than geographic space, and to then use simple interpolation in input variable space to estimate values for the remainder of the landscape. We tested the method in a 100 kmx260 km area of western Oregon, U.S.A. , comparing interpolated maps of net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) with maps from an exhaustive, wall-to-wall run of the model. The interpolation method can match spatial patterns of model behavior well (correlations > 0.8) using samples of only 5 t o 15% of the landscape. Compression of temporal variation in input drivers is a key step in the process, with choice of input variables for compression largely determining the upper bounds on the degree of match between interpolated and original maps. The method is applicable to any model that does not consider adjacency effects, and could free up computational expense for a variety of other computational burdens, including spatial sensitivity analyses, alternative scenario testing, or finer grain-size mapping. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.kennedy@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s10980-005-0827-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 019WC UT WOS:000235866400005 ER PT J AU Becker, JM Parkin, T Nakatsu, CH Wilbur, JD Konopka, A AF Becker, JM Parkin, T Nakatsu, CH Wilbur, JD Konopka, A TI Bacterial activity, community structure, and centimeter-scale spatial heterogeneity in contaminated soil SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROSCALE DISTRIBUTION; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; MILLIMETER SCALE; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; VARIABILITY AB In an anthropogenically disturbed soil (88% sand, 8% silt, 4% clay), 150-mg samples were studied to examine the fine-scale relationship of bacterial activity and community structure to heavy metal contaminants. The soils had been contaminated for over 40 years with aromatic solvents, Pb, and Cr. Samples from distances of <1, 5, 15, and 50 cm over a depth range of 40-90 cm underwent a sequential analysis to determine metabolic potential (from C-14 glucose mineralization), bacterial community structure [using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)], and total extractable Pb and Cr levels. Metabolic potential varied by as much as 10,000-fold in samples <1 cm apart; log-log plots of metal concentration and microbial metabolic potential showed no correlation with each other. Overall, metal concentrations ranged from 9 to 29,000 mg kg(-1) for Pb and from 3 to 8500 mg kg(-1) for Cr with small zones of high contamination present. All regions exhibited variable metal concentrations, with some soil samples having 30-fold differences in metal concentration in sites <1 cm apart. Geostatistical analysis revealed a strong spatial dependence for all three parameters tested (metabolic activity, Pb, and Cr levels) with a range up to 30 cm. Kriging maps showed that in zones of high metal, the corresponding metabolic activity was low suggesting that metals negatively impacted the microbial community. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that diverse communities were present in the soils with a random distribution of phylotypes throughout the sampling zones. These results suggest the presence of spatially isolated microbial communities within the soil profile. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Becker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM becke430@umn.edu RI Yost, Russell/A-5937-2008 OI Yost, Russell/0000-0002-1573-5822 NR 58 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s00248-005-0002-9 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 015HY UT WOS:000235543700009 PM 16463134 ER PT J AU Guzder, SN Sommers, CH Prakash, L Prakash, S AF Guzder, SN Sommers, CH Prakash, L Prakash, S TI Complex formation with damage recognition protein Rad14 is essential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad1-Rad10 nuclease to perform its function in nucleotide excision repair in vivo SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIIH; DNA-REPAIR; MITOTIC RECOMBINATION; YEAST; ENDONUCLEASE; GENE; STRAND; PURIFICATION; RECONSTITUTION; REMOVAL AB Nucleotide excision repair (NER) in eukaryotes requires the assembly of a large number of protein factors at the lesion site which then coordinate the dual incision of the damaged DNA strand. However, the manner by which the different protein factors are assembled at the lesion site has remained unclear. Previously, we have shown that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NER proteins exist as components of different protein subassemblies: the Rad1-Rad10 nuclease, for example, forms a tight complex with the damage recognition protein Rad14, and the complex of Rad1-Rad10-Rad14 can be purified intact from yeast cells. As the Rad1-Rad10 nuclease shows no specificity for binding UV lesions in DNA, association with Rad14 could provide an effective means for the targeting of Rad1-Rad10 nuclease to damage sites in vivo. To test the validity of this idea, here we identify two rad1 mutations that render yeast cells as UV sensitive as the rad1 Delta mutation but which have no effect on the recombination function of Rad1. From our genetic and biochemical studies with these rad1 mutations, we conclude that the ability of Rad1-Rad10 nuclease to associate in a complex with Rad14 is paramount for the targeting of this nuclease to lesion sites in vivo. We discuss the implications of these observations for the means by which the different NER proteins are assembled at the lesion site. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Prakash, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, 6-104 Blocker Med Res Bldg,11th & Mechan St, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM s.prakash@utmb.edu RI Prakash, Satya/C-6420-2013; Prakash, Louise/C-7891-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA041261, CA41261, R01 CA041261] NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1128/MCB.26.3.1135-1141.2006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 006GT UT WOS:000234885300034 PM 16428464 ER PT J AU Mariasegaram, M Robinson, NA Goddard, ME AF Mariasegaram, M Robinson, NA Goddard, ME TI Quantification of cattle DNA using quantitative competitive PCR with sheep DNA as competitor SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE quantitative competitive PCR; DNA pooling; standard curve ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA AB A novel method was developed to enable accurate and high-throughput measurement of cattle DNA concentration using quantitative competitive PCR, with sheep DNA as competitor. While quantitative competitive PCR has been used extensively for the quantification of specific RNA or DNA molecules, they have required development of internal standards with matching primer binding sites and similar amplification efficiencies to the target molecule. To develop such as assay can constitute a significant work-up. Instead, by utilizing the tendency of microsatellites developed in one species to amplify homologous loci across closely related species removes the need for internal standard development. Two cattle microsatellite markers were identified that produced distinct sheep specific peaks in an electropherogram. A standard graph was plotted for various dilutions of a cattle standard and a constant amount of sheep competitor. The sheep DNA, which is co-amplified with the cattle template in the PCR reaction served as the internal standard. The cattle DNA concentration of an unknown sample was determined by relating the ratio of sheep to cattle PCR product peaks to the standard curve. The standard deviation between replicate measurements of cattle DNA was 0.52 ng/mu l using this method. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Inst Land & Food Resources, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Mariasegaram, M (reprint author), USDA ARS STARS, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM mari0409@ifas.ufl.edu; robinson@akvaforsk.no; mike.goddard@dpi.vic.gov.au OI Goddard, Michael/0000-0001-9917-7946 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.08.002 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 022JU UT WOS:000236052700004 PM 16239094 ER PT J AU Mutlu, N Miklas, PN Coyne, DP AF Mutlu, N Miklas, PN Coyne, DP TI Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers co-localize with disease resistance genes and QTL in common bean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE core map; disease resistance; gene clusters; Phaseolus vulgaris; R gene ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; INTEGRATED LINKAGE MAP; ASSISTED SELECTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE FAMILY; RUST RESISTANCE; FLAX RUST; POTATO AB Resistance (R) genes containing nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine rich repeats (LRR) are the most prevalent types of R gene in plants. The objective of this study was to develop PCR-based R-gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Twenty degenerate primers were designed from the conserved kinase-1a (GVGKTT) and hydrophobic domains (GLPLAL) of known NBS-LRR type R-genes and from EST databases. Sixty-six of the 100 primer combinations tested yielded polymorphism. Thirty-two RGAP markers were mapped in the BAT 93/Jalo EEP558 core mapping population for common bean. The markers mapped to 10 of 11 linkage groups with a strong tendency for clustering. In addition, the RGAP markers co-located, on six linkage groups, with 15 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) that were previously mapped in other populations of common bean. The distance between the priming sites in NBS-LRR type R-genes is around 500 bp. Of the 32 RGAP markers, 19 had sizes larger and 13 less than 500 bp. RGAP markers mapped close to known R-genes on B11, and to QTLs for resistance on B1, B2, B6, B7, B8, B10, and B11. RGAP appears to provide a useful marker technique for tagging and mapping R-genes in segregating common bean populations, discovery of candidate genes underlying resistance QTL, and future cloning of R-genes in common bean. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68683 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mutlu, N (reprint author), Bati Akdeniz Agr Res Inst, POB 35, TR-07100 Antalya, Turkey. EM nmutlu2@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Mutlu, Nedim/B-9280-2016 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s11032-005-4474-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018BR UT WOS:000235738300004 ER PT J AU Fjellstrom, R McClung, AM Shank, AR AF Fjellstrom, R McClung, AM Shank, AR TI SSR markers closely linked to the Pi-z locus are useful for selection of blast resistance in a broad array of rice germplasm SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Magnaporthe grisea; marker assisted selection; microsatellite; Oryza sativa ID GENES AB Pi-z is a disease resistance gene that has been effectively used to combat a broad-spectrum of races of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Although DNA markers have been reported for selection of the Pi2(t) and Pi-z resistance genes at the Pi-z locus, markers that are more tightly linked to the Pi-z locus would benefit rapid and effective cultivar development. Analysis of the publicly available genome sequence of Nipponbare near the Pi-z locus revealed numerous SSRs that could be converted into markers. Three SSRs on rice PAC AP005659 were found to be very tightly linked to the Pi-z locus, with one marker, AP5659-3, co-segregating with the Pi-z resistance reaction. The Pi-z factor conferring resistance to two races of blast was mapped to a 57 kb region on the physical map of Nipponbare in a location where the Pi2(t) gene was physically mapped. Two SSR marker haplotypes were unique for cultivars carrying the Pi-z gene, which indicates these markers are useful for selection of resistance genes at the Pi-z locus in rice germplasm. C1 ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Fjellstrom, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM r-fjellstrom@tamu.edu NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s11032-005-4735-4 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018BR UT WOS:000235738300006 ER PT J AU Gao, WX Chen, ZJ Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Womack, JE Stelly, DM AF Gao, WX Chen, ZJ Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Womack, JE Stelly, DM TI Wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping of the cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genome SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE genome; radiation hybrid; gamma; mapping; plant ID LINKAGE MAP; HIRSUTUM L.; RECOMBINATION; PANEL; SEQUENCE; CHROMOSOME-1; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; HORSE AB Whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping has been applied extensively to human and certain animal species, but little to plants. We recently demonstrated an alternative mapping approach in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), based on segmentation by 5-krad gamma-irradiation and derivation of wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrids (WWRHs). However, limitations observed at the 5-krad level suggested that higher doses might be advantageous. Here, we describe the development of an improved second-generation WWRH panel after higher dose irradiation and compare the resulting map to the 5-krad map. The genome of G. hirsutum (n=26) was used to rescue the radiation-segmented genome of G. barbadense (n=26) introduced via 8- and 12-krad gamma-irradiated pollen. Viable seedlings were not recovered after 12-krad irradiation, but 8-krad irradiation permitted plant recovery and construction of a 92-member WWRH mapping panel. Assessment of 31 SSR marker loci from four chromosomes revealed that the 8-krad panel has a marker retention frequency of ca. 76%, which is approximately equivalent to the rate of loss in a low-dose animal radiation hybrid panel. Retention frequencies of loci did not depart significantly from independence when compared between the A and D subgenomes, or according to positions along individual chromosomes. WWRH maps of chromosomes 10 and 17 were generated by the maximum likelihood RHMAP program and the general retention model. The resulting maps bolster evidence that WWRH mapping complements traditional linkage snapping and works in cotton, and that the 8-krad panel complements the 5-krad panel by offering higher rates of chromosome breakages, lower marker retention frequency, and more retention patterns. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wgao@uga.edu; zjchen@neo.tamu.edu; zyu@qutun.tamu.edu; kohel@quttm.tamu.edu; jwomack@cvm.tamu.edu; stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD FEB PY 2006 VL 275 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s00438-005-0069-5 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 022BR UT WOS:000236030200001 PM 16362372 ER PT J AU Harfouche, AL Shivaji, R Stocker, R Williams, PW Luthe, DS AF Harfouche, AL Shivaji, R Stocker, R Williams, PW Luthe, DS TI Ethylene signaling mediates a maize defense response to insect herbivory SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CLASS-I CHITINASE; PLANT DEFENSE; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; METHYL JASMONATE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SALICYLIC-ACID; FALL ARMYWORM; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; CELL-WALL AB The signaling pathways that enable plants to mount defenses against insect herbivores are known to be complex. It was previously demonstrated that the insect-resistant maize (Zea mays L.) genotype Mp708 accumulates a unique defense cysteine proteinase, Mir1-CP, in response to caterpillar feeding. In this study, the role of ethylene in insect defense ill Mp708 and an insect-susceptible line Tx601 was explored. Ethylene synthesis was blocked with either cobalt chloride or aminoethoxyvinylglycine. Alternatively, ethylene perception was inhibited with 1-methylcyclopropene. Blocking ethylene synthesis and perception resulted in Mp708 plants that were more susceptible to caterpillar feeding. In addition, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae that fed on inhibitor-treated Mp708 plants had signifycantly higher growth rates than those reared on untreated plants. In contrast, these responses were not significantly altered in Tx601. The ethylene synthesis and perception inhibitors also reduced the accumulation of Mir1-CP and its transcript mir1 in response to herbivory. These results indicate that ethylene is a component of the signal transduction pathway leading to defense against insect herbivory in the resistant genotype Mp708. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistant Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dsluthe@ra.msstate.edu NR 69 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1094/MPMI-19-0189 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 005KS UT WOS:000234821700010 PM 16529381 ER PT J AU Dietz, H Kueffer, C Parks, CG AF Dietz, H Kueffer, C Parks, CG TI MIREN: A new research network concerned with plant invasion into mountain areas SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB As a result of global change, mountain areas are increasingly threatened by invasive alien plants. The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) initiates and integrates surveys, monitoring, experimental research, and management of plant invasions into mountains at a global scale. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Geobot Inst, ETH Ctr, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Dietz, H (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Geobot Inst, ETH Ctr, CHN 18, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM hansjoerg.dietz@env.ethz.ch; christoph.kueffer@env.ethz.ch; cparks01@fs.fed.us RI Kueffer, Christoph/H-6091-2013 OI Kueffer, Christoph/0000-0001-6701-0703 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PI LAWRENCE PA BUSINESS OFFICE, 810 E 10TH STREET, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044-8897 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 DI 10.1659/0276-4741(2006)026[0080:MANRNC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 022PC UT WOS:000236067000016 ER PT J AU Izzo, A Canright, M Bruns, TD AF Izzo, A Canright, M Bruns, TD TI The effects of heat treatments on ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules and their ability to colonize bioassay seedlings SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE basidiospores; heat disturbance; phoenicoid fungi; Rhisopogon; ruderal species ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PINUS-MURICATA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; FUNGI; RHIZOPOGON; WILDFIRE; GROWTH; STAND; SOIL AB The effect of disturbance on the resistant propagule community (RPC) of ectomycorrhizal fungi has been given relatively little attention. In this study we investigate the effects of heat, one important factor of fire disturbances, on the ability of ectomycorrhizal RPC fungi to colonize Pinus jeffreyi seedlings in greenhouse bioassays. Prior to planting the seed, soils were collected from an old growth mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada, Califomia, USA and then subjected to four heat treatments of none, 45 degrees C, 60 degrees C, and 75 degrees C. After eight months, seedlings were harvested and the ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing the roots were characterized by molecular methods (PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing). Rhizopogon species increased in dominance on seedlings grown in soils receiving the 75 degrees C heat treatment. One species significantly increased in frequency, Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus, and two species (Cenococcum geophilum and Wilcoxina sp.) significantly decreased in frequency in the 75 degrees C treatment. The increase of R. olivaceotinctus, coupled with other features of its behavior, suggests that substantial heat disturbances may benefit this species in competing for roots. (c) 2005 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Izzo, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM izzo@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 110 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.010 PN 2 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 020OM UT WOS:000235919200008 PM 16387485 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE AF Glenn, AE TI Natural variation of ascospore and conidial germination by Fusarium verticillioides and other Fusarium species SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; conidial fungi; fumonisin; Gibberella moniliformis; plant pathology ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; HYPHAL MORPHOGENESIS; FUMONISIN B-1; BANANA FRUITS; MONILIFORME; MAIZE; CORN; INFECTION; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CARCINOGENICITY AB Fusarium verticillioides and other Fusarium species were examined for their spore germination phenotypes. In general, germinating spores of F. verticillioides formed germ tubes that immediately penetrated into agar. Such invasive germination was the predominant growth phenotype among 22 examined field isolates of F. verticillioides from a broad range hosts and locations. However, two of the field isolates were unique in that they formed conidial germ tubes and hyphae that grew along the surface of agar before penetration eventually occurred. Conidia of 22 other Fusariurn species were assessed for their germination phenotypes, and only some strains of F. annulatum, F.fujilzuroi, F. globosum, F. nygamai, and F. pseudoonthophilum had the surface germination phenotype (21% of the strains assessed). Sexual crosses and segregation analyses involving one of the F. verticillioides surface germination strains, NRRL 25059, indicated a single locus, designated SIG1 (surface vs. invasive germination), controlled the germ tube growth phenotypes exhibited by both conidia and ascospores. Perfect correlation was observed between an ascospore germination phenotype and the germination phenotype of the conidia produced from the resulting ascospore-derived colony. Recombination data suggested SIG1 was linked (similar to 7 % recombination frequency) to FPH1, a recently described locus necessary for enteroblastic conidiogenesis. Corn seedling blight assays indicated surface germinating strains of F. verticillioides were less virulent than invasively germinating strains. Assays also indicated pathogenicity segregated independently of the FPH1 locus. Invasive germination is proposed as the dominant form of spore germination among Fusarium species. Furthermore, conidia were not necessary for corn seedling disease development, but invasive germination may have enhanced the virulence of conidiating strains. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Glenn, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM aglenn@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 110 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.09.004 PN 2 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 020OM UT WOS:000235919200010 PM 16413990 ER PT J AU Baird, RE Trigiano, RN Windham, G Williams, P Kelley, R Abbas, HK Moulton, JK Scruggs, ML AF Baird, RE Trigiano, RN Windham, G Williams, P Kelley, R Abbas, HK Moulton, JK Scruggs, ML TI Comparison of aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus using DNA amplification fingerprinting techniques SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; DNA fingerprinting; ASAP; mycotoxins ID DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; NORTH-AMERICA; CORN; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE; SIGNATURES; INFECTION AB Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous fungus that produces mycotoxins in many food and feed crops, such as maize (Zea mays L.). Isolates were analyzed for toxin production by nucleic acid profiles in an attempt to differentiate aflatoxigenic from nonaflatoxigenic isolates. A total of 41 aflatoxigenic and 34 nonalfatoxigenic isolates were included in the study. The isolates were evaluated initially using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) without clear resolution of the groups. A weak association of aflatoxigenic isolates was observed, as evidenced by their clustering in 18 of 81 trees recovered from maximum parsimony analysis of binary characters derived from arbitrary signatures from amplification profiles (ASAP) data; nonaflatoxigenic isolates exhibited a pattern of paraphyletic laddering. Up to five markers unambiguously supported the aflatoxigenic isolate grouping, but the presence of alternative conflicting topologies in equally parsimonious trees precluded the observation of meaningful statistical support. With additional markers for genome of A. flavus, this method could be used to resolve toxigenic from nontoxigenic strains. This additional work could resolve aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus present on maize plants using ASAP, which would reduce labor intense costs and potentially lead to faster determination of resistant cultivars in breeding efforts. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, ARS, CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39792 USA. USDA ARS, CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Baird, RE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, POB 9655, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rbaird@plantpath.msstate.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 161 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-0121-3 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 010NU UT WOS:000235202200005 PM 16463092 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Jurjevic, Z Hanna, WW Wilson, DM Potter, TL Coy, AE AF Wilson, JP Jurjevic, Z Hanna, WW Wilson, DM Potter, TL Coy, AE TI Host-specific variation in infection by toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins in pearl millet and corn SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; beauvaricin; corn; fumonisins; moniliformin; pearl millet ID FUMONISIN B-1; BROILER CHICKS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; AFLATOXIN EXPOSURE; DIETARY AFLATOXIN; CULTURE MATERIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEAUVERICIN; TOXICITY; MAIZE AB Pearl millet is widely consumed in regions of Africa and Asia, and is increasingly being grown as an alternative grain in drought-prone regions of the United States. Pearl millet and corn were grown in dryland conditions at Tifton, Georgia, USA and grains were compared for pre-harvest infection by potentially toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins. Corn hybrids Agripro 9909 and Pioneer 3146, and pearl millet Tifgrain 102 were grown in 2000 and 2001; pearl millet HGM 100 was included in the test in 2001. Hybrids were sown on multiple planting dates in each year to induce variation in flowering time. Host species differed in the frequency of isolation of potentially toxigenic fungal species in both years. Across years, corn hybrids were more prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus Link (maximum isolation frequency = 8.8%) and Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon sensu lato (maximum isolation frequency = 72.8%), with corresponding greater concentrations of aflatoxins (maximum concentration = 204.9 mu g kg(-1)) and fumonisins (maximum concentration = 34,039 mu g kg(-1) ). Pearl millet was more prone to infection by F. semitectum Berk. & Ravenel (maximum isolation = 74.2%) and F. chlamydosporum Wollenweb & Reinking (maximum isolation = 33.0%), and contamination by moniliformin (maximum contamination = 92.1 mu g kg(-1)). Beauvericin (maximum concentration = 414.6 mu g kg(-1)) was present in both hosts. Planting date of corn affected aflatoxin and beauvericin contamination in 2000, and fumonisin concentration in 2001. The observed differences in mycotoxin contamination of the grains, which are likely due to host-specific differences in susceptibility to pre-harvest mycoflora, may affect food safety when the crops are grown under stress conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jwilson@tifton.usda.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 161 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s11046-005-0170-7 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 010NU UT WOS:000235202200006 PM 16463093 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Pressoir, G Briggs, WH Bi, IV Yamasaki, M Doebley, JF McMullen, MD Gaut, BS Nielsen, DM Holland, JB Kresovich, S Buckler, ES AF Yu, JM Pressoir, G Briggs, WH Bi, IV Yamasaki, M Doebley, JF McMullen, MD Gaut, BS Nielsen, DM Holland, JB Kresovich, S Buckler, ES TI A unified mixed-model method for association mapping that accounts for multiple levels of relatedness SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX TRAITS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOME; DISSECTION; PEDIGREES; DISEASES; LOCI; MAPS AB As population structure can result in spurious associations, it has constrained the use of association studies in human and plant genetics. Association mapping, however, holds great promise if true signals of functional association can be separated from the vast number of false signals generated by population structure(1,2). We have developed a unified mixed-model approach to account for multiple levels of relatedness simultaneously as detected by random genetic markers. We applied this new approach to two samples: a family-based sample of 14 human families, for quantitative gene expression dissection, and a sample of 277 diverse maize inbred lines with complex familial relationships and population structure, for quantitative trait dissection. Our method demonstrates improved control of both type I and type II error rates over other methods. As this new method crosses the boundary between family-based and structured association samples, it provides a powerful complement to currently available methods for association mapping. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 30 TC 1261 Z9 1310 U1 27 U2 218 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1038/ng1702 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 007FE UT WOS:000234953200015 PM 16380716 ER PT J AU Carter, C Shafir, S Yehonatan, L Palmer, RG Thornburg, R AF Carter, C Shafir, S Yehonatan, L Palmer, RG Thornburg, R TI A novel role for proline in plant floral nectars SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID MECHANISMUS SEINER SEKRETION; INSECT FLIGHT-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; APIS-MELLIFERA; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROBIAL ATTACK; GERMIN-LIKE; HONEY-BEES; POLLEN AB Plants offer metabolically rich floral nectar to attract visiting pollinators. The composition of nectar includes not only sugars, but also amino acids. We have examined the amino acid content of the nectar of ornamental tobacco and found that it is extremely rich (2 mM) in proline. Because insect pollinators preferentially utilize proline during the initial phases of insect flight and can reportedly taste proline, we determined whether honeybees showed a preference for synthetic nectars rich in proline. We therefore established an insect preference test and found that honeybees indeed prefer nectars rich in the amino acid proline. To determine whether this was a general phenomenon, we also examined the nectars of two insect-pollinated wild perennial species of soybean. These species also showed high levels of proline in their nectars demonstrating that plants often produce proline-rich floral nectar. Because insects such as honeybees prefer proline-rich nectars, we hypothesize that some plants offer proline-rich nectars as a mechanism to attract visiting pollinators. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol, B Triwaks Bee Res Ctr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Thornburg, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, 2212 Mol Biol Bldg, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM thorn@iastate.edu RI Shafir, Sharoni/D-9821-2011 OI Shafir, Sharoni/0000-0002-9068-1078 NR 61 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD FEB PY 2006 VL 93 IS 2 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00114-005-0062-1 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 013XC UT WOS:000235442300003 PM 16365739 ER PT J AU Galli, RL Bielinski, DF Szprengiel, A Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Galli, RL Bielinski, DF Szprengiel, A Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI Blueberry supplemented diet reverses age-related decline in hippocampal HSP70 neuroprotection SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE heat shock protein 70; polyphenolics; phytochemicals; phytonutrients; free radicals; oxidative stress; inflammation; LPS; aging; rats ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; BRAIN-DAMAGE; IN-VITRO; RATS; CELLS AB Dietary supplementation with antioxidant rich foods can decrease the level of oxidative stress in brain regions and can ameliorate age-related deficits in neuronal and behavioral functions. We examined whether short-term supplementation with blueberries might enhance the brain's ability to generate a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mediated neuroprotective response to stress. Hippocampal (HQ regions from Young and old rats fed either a control or a Supplemented diet for 10 weeks were subjected to an in vitro inflammatory challenge (LPS) and then examined for levels of HSP70 at various times post LPS (30, 90 and 240 min). While baseline levels of HSP70 did not differ among the various groups compared to young control diet rats, increases in HSP70 protein levels in response to an in vitro LPS challenge were significantly less in old as compared to young control diet rats at the 30, 90 and 240 min time points. However, it appeared that the blueberry diet completely restored the HSP70 response to LPS in the old rats at the 90 and 240 min times. This suggests that a short-term blueberry (BB) intervention may result in improved HSP70-mediated protection against a number of neurodegenerative processes in the brain. Results are discussed in terms of the multiplicity of the effects of the BB supplementation which appear to range from antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity to signaling. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS,Neurosci Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS,Neurosci Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 74 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD FEB PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.017 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 004WD UT WOS:000234782400018 PM 15869824 ER PT J AU Ashley, AK Custis, M Ashley, R Strickland, JR AF Ashley, A. K. Custis, M. Ashley, R. Strickland, J. R. TI Toxicokinetic profile of swainsonine following exposure to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in naive and previously-exposed sheep SO NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sheep; locoweed; swainsonine; toxicokinetics ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; SERUM CONSTITUENTS; CATTLE; LIVESTOCK; DISEASE; TISSUE AB Aim: To determine the toxicokinetic profiles of swainsonine (SW) in sheep previously (subacute) and not previously (acute) exposed to locoweed. Methods: Twenty-nine wethers were stratified by body-weight (BW; 68.0 (SE 7.6) kg) and randomly assigned to one of six treatments. Treatments were: 0 (n=5), 0.4 (n=5), and 1.6 (n=5) mg SW/kg BW for Trial 1, and 0 (n=4), 0.2 (n=5), and 0.8 (n=5) mg SW/kg BW for Trial 2. Acute exposure in both trials included adaptation to blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) hay for 14 days and no previous exposure to locoweed (i.e. SW), followed by administration of a single oral dose of SW prepared from an extract of locoweed, in the doses described above. Subacute exposure comprised ingestion of a blue grama and locoweed (428 mu g SW/g locoweed) diet for 21 days in Trial 1 and 28 days in Trial 2, followed by removal from locoweed for 5 days, then an oral dose of SW, as above. Quantities of locoweed fed in the diet were adjusted to achieve the dose rates specified for each treatment. Blood samples were collected via jugular venepuncture twice daily for 3 days prior to initial exposure to SW and then every 7 days for the duration of the trials, to monitor serum alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. For intensive sampling periods, SW was administered immediately following blood sampling at 0 h, and blood samples were collected at hourly intervals from 0-12 h, 3-h intervals from 15-24 h, 6-h intervals from 30-48 h, and 12-h intervals from 60-168 h. Concentrations of SW in serum and locoweed extract were determined using the a-mannosidase inhibition assay (detection limit = 25 ng/ml). Rates of absorption and elimination of SW from serum were calculated for each animal, using exponential curve fits of the concentration of SW in serum concentration vs time plots. Results: In both trials, SW was detected in serum in all animals exposed to locoweed. Elevated (p < 0.05) serum Alk-P and AST activities indicated that subclinical SW intoxication was induced during the subacute exposure phase. Calculated rates of elimination were faster (p < 0.001) for the 1.6 vs 0.4 (Trial 1) and 0.8 vs 0.2 (Trial 2) mg SW/kg BW doses. Rates of elimination indicated that, in both trials, SW was removed from serum faster (p < 0.06) following acute exposure than subacute exposure. Higher exposure rates to SW resulted in higher concentrations of SW in serum within a trial. Conclusions: Multiple compartments were involved in the kinetics of SW, and dose and previous exposure altered the toxicokinetics of SW. Clinincal Relevance: Should the true elimination half-life prove to be as high or higher than the 95 h demonstrated for the treatment using 0.4 mg SW/kg BW in Trial 1, then withdrawal periods for clearing SW from sheep should be > 40 days (assuming 10 half-lives to clear the compound). C1 USDA, ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Strickland, JR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jstrickland@ars.usda.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08136-27] NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY ASSOC INC PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 11-212 MANNERS ST, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0048-0169 J9 NEW ZEAL VET J JI N. Z. Vet. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1080/00480169.2006.36601 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 225GI UT WOS:000250504700006 PM 16528392 ER PT J AU Downs, CC Horan, D Morgan-Harris, E Jakubowski, R AF Downs, CC Horan, D Morgan-Harris, E Jakubowski, R TI Spawning demographics and juvenile dispersal of an adfluvial bull trout population in Trestle Creek, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FORK RIVER SYSTEM; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; HABITAT USE; TRANSPORT UPSTREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; MILLTOWN DAM; REDD COUNTS; MONTANA; MOVEMENTS AB We utilized a screw trap, trap-box weir, remote passive integrated transponder tag (PIT) detection weir, and otolith microchemistry to evaluate (2000-2004) spawning demographics and migration patterns of adfluvial bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in Trestle Creek, Idaho, a tributary to Lake Pend Oreille. Annual repeat spawning was more common than alternate-year spawning. Annual growth, estimated from adult bull trout PIT-tagged in 2000 and recaptured in 2001, averaged 28 mm. Peak diel movement of adult bull trout occurred after sunset. Emigration of juveniles occurred in two pulses, one in spring that was associated with snowmelt runoff and increasing water temperatures and a second in fall as stream temperatures dropped and fall rains began. Juvenile bull trout moved a mean rate of 455 m per night in 2001 and 423 to per night in 2002. Each year we trapped large numbers of age-0 bull trout that appeared to be emigrating with high spring flows. Based on otolith microchemistry, most of the 47 adults in the sample had emigrated at age 3 or age 4, and Done had emigrated at age 0. This suggests that age-0 emigrants are not making a significant contribution to adult returns. C1 Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Clark Fork, ID 83811 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Avista Corp, Nat Resource Off, Noxon, MT 59853 USA. RP Downs, CC (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1402 E Spring Creek Rd, Clark Fork, ID 83811 USA. EM cdowns@sandpoint.net NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1577/M04-180.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500023 ER PT J AU Thurow, RF Peterson, JT Guzevich, JW AF Thurow, RF Peterson, JT Guzevich, JW TI Utility and validation of day and night snorkel counts for estimating bull trout abundance in first- to third-order streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; UNDERWATER OBSERVATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; WINTER; FISH; TRUTTA; RIVER AB Despite the widespread use of underwater observation to census stream-dwelling fishes, the accuracy of snorkeling methods has rarely been validated. We evaluated the efficiency of day and night snorkel counts for estimating the abundance of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in 215 sites within first- to third-order streams. We used a dual-gear approach that applied multiple-pass electrofishing catch data adjusted for capture efficiency to estimate true or baseline fish abundance. Our multiple-pass electrofishing capture efficiency models were based on a prior study and used recapture data for known numbers of individually marked fish. Snorkeling efficiency was estimated by comparing day and night snorkel counts with the baseline. We also evaluated the influence of fish size and stream habitat features on snorkeling efficiency. Bull trout snorkeling efficiency was higher at night (mean = 33.2%) than during the day (mean 12.5%). Beta-binomial regression indicated that bull trout day and night snorkeling efficiencies were positively related to fish size and negatively related to stream width and habitat characteristics. Day snorkeling efficiency also was positively influenced by water temperature and nonlinearly related to underwater visibility, whereas night snorkeling efficiency was nonlinearly related to water temperature and pool abundance. Although bull trout were our target species, day and night snorkeling efficiencies combined for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and subspecies Of Cutthroat trout O. clarkii averaged 32.3% and 18.0%, respectively. Our ability to detect and accurately count fish underwater was influenced by fish size, species, time of day. and stream habitat characteristics. Although snorkeling is versatile and has many advantages over other sampling methods, the use of raw snorkel counts unadjusted for the effects of these biases will result in biased conclusions. We recommend that biologists adjust underwater count data to minimize the effect of such biases. We illustrate how to apply sampling efficiency models to validate snorkel counts. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Thurow, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM rthurow@fs.fed.us NR 68 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1577/M05-054.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 027QP UT WOS:000236430500027 ER PT J AU Pearlman, JP Fielding, RA AF Pearlman, JP Fielding, RA TI Creatine monohydrate as a therapeutic aid in muscular dystrophy SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DOUBLE-BLIND; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN; STRENGTH AB In recent years, dietary supplementation with creatine has been shown to enhance neuromuscular function in several diseases. Recent studies have suggested that creatine can be beneficial in patients with muscular dystrophy and other mitochondrial cytopathies, and may attenuate sarcopenia and facilitate rehabilitation of disuse atrophy. Though the mechanisms are still unknown, creatine has been shown to decrease cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and increase intramuscular and cerebral phosphocreatine stores, providing potential musculoskeletal and neuroprotective effects. (c) 2006 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exervise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exervise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 64 IS 2 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1301/nmr.2006.feb.80-88 PN 1 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018RF UT WOS:000235781800004 PM 16536185 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ AF Bhathena, Sam J. TI Relationship between fatty acids and the endocrine and neuroendocrine system SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE fatty acids; fatty acid metabolism; endocrine system; neuroendocrine system; diabetes ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY-CELLS; HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; GROWTH-HORMONE; DIABETIC-RATS; LIPID-METABOLISM; FISH-OIL AB Significant interactions exist between fatty acids and the endocrine system. Dietary fatty acids alter both hormone and neuropeptide concentrations and also their receptors. In addition, hormones affect the metabolism of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids. The principal hormones involved in lipid metabolism are insulin, glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol and growth hormone. The concentrations of these hormones are altered in chronic degenerative conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which in turn leads to alterations in tissue lipids. Lipogenesis and lipolysis, which modulate fatty acid concentrations in plasma and tissues, are under hormonal control. Neuropeptides are also involved in lipid metabolism in brain and other tissues. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also precursors for eicosanoids including prostaglandins, leucotrienes, and thromboxanes, which have hormone-like activities. Fatty acids in turn affect the endocrine system. Saturated and trans fatty acids decrease insulin concentration leading to insulin resistance. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids increase plasma insulin concentration and decrease insulin resistance. In humans, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the levels of opioid peptides in plasma. Free fatty acids have been reported to inhibit glucagon release. Fatty acids also affect receptors for hormones and neuropeptides. C1 ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Bldg 307-C,Room 225, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bhathens@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 109 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD FEB-APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1080/10284150600627128 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 074MQ UT WOS:000239816900001 PM 16910164 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Penland, JG AF Nielsen, Forrest H. Penland, James G. TI Boron deprivation alters rat behaviour and brain mineral composition differently when fish oil instead of safflower oil is the diet fat source SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on All Aspects of Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition CY SEP 09-13, 2005 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE boron; behaviour; brain; fish oil; fatty acids; oxidative stress ID ACID DEFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; NUTRITION; MAGNESIUM; RECOVERY; ELEMENTS; EEG AB Primary objective: To determine whether boron deprivation affects rat behaviour and whether behavioural responses to boron deprivation are modified by differing amounts of dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Research design: Female rats were fed diets containing 0.1 mg (9 mu mol)/kg boron in a factorial arrangement with dietary variables of supplemental boron at 0 and 3 mg (278 mu mol)/kg and fat sources of 75 g/kg safflower oil or 65 g/kg fish (menhaden) oil plus 10 g/kg linoleic acid. After 6 weeks, six females per treatment were bred. Dams and pups continued on their respective diets through gestation, lactation and after weaning. Between ages 6 and 20 weeks, behavioural tests were performed on 13-15 male offspring from three dams in each dietary treatment. The rats were euthanized at age 21 weeks for the collection of tissues and blood. Methods and procedures: At ages 6 and 19 weeks, auditory startle was evaluated with an acoustic startle system and avoidance behaviour was evaluated by using an elevated plus maze. At ages 7 and 20 weeks, spontaneous behaviour activity was evaluated with a photobeam activity system. A brightness discrimination test was performed on the rats between age 15 and 16 weeks. Brain mineral composition was determined by coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Plasma total glutathione was determined by HPLC and total cholesterol and 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)) were determined by using commercially available kits. Main outcomes and results: Boron-deficient rats were less active than boron-adequate rats when fed safflower oil based on reduced number, distance and time of horizontal movements, front entries, margin distance and vertical breaks and jumps in the spontaneous activity evaluation. Feeding fish oil instead of safflower oil attenuated the activity response to boron deprivation. In the plus maze evaluation, the behavioural reactivity of the boron-deficient rats fed fish oil was noticeably different than the other three treatments. They made more entries into both open and closed arms and the center area and thus visited more locations. The boron-deficient rats fed fish oil also exhibited the lowest copper and zinc and highest boron concentrations in brain and the highest plasma glutathione concentration. Both boron deprivation and safflower oil increased plasma 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha). Conclusions: Both dietary boron and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids influence rat behaviour and brain composition and the influence of one these bioactive substances can be altered by changing the intake of the other. Brain mineral and plasma cholesterol, glutathione and 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) findings suggest that rat behaviour is affected by an interaction between boron and fish oil because both affect oxidative metabolism and act the cellular membrane level. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD FEB-APR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1080/10284150600772189 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 074MQ UT WOS:000239816900014 PM 16910176 ER PT J AU Chung, HG Zak, DR Lilleskov, EA AF Chung, HG Zak, DR Lilleskov, EA TI Fungal community composition and metabolism under elevated CO2 and O-3 SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment; extracellular enzymes; polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis soil microbial community; fungal metabolism ID EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITY; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREMBLING ASPEN; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; N AVAILABILITY; AIR-POLLUTION; PAPER BIRCH AB Atmospheric CO2 and O-3 concentrations are increasing due to human activity and both trace gases have the potential to alter C cycling in forest ecosystems. Because soil microorganisms depend on plant litter as a source of energy for metabolism, changes in the amount or the biochemistry of plant litter produced under elevated CO2 and O-3 could alter microbial community function and composition. Previously, we have observed that elevated CO2 increased the microbial metabolism of cellulose and chitin, whereas elevated O-3 dampened this response. We hypothesized that this change in metabolism under CO2 and O-3 enrichment would be accompanied by a concomitant change in fungal community composition. We tested our hypothesis at the free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, in which Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, and Acer saccharum were grown under factorial CO2 and O-3 treatments. We employed extracellular enzyme analysis to assay microbial metabolism, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to determine changes in microbial community composition, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to analyze the fungal community composition. The activities of 1,4-beta-glucosidase (+37%) and 1,4,-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (+84%) were significantly increased under elevated CO2, whereas 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity (-25%) was significantly suppressed by elevated O-3. There was no significant main effect of elevated CO2 or O-3 on fungal relative abundance, as measured by PLFA. We identified 39 fungal taxonomic units from soil using DGGE, and found that O-3 enrichment significantly altered fungal community composition. We conclude that fungal metabolism is altered under elevated CO2 and O-3, and that there was a concomitant change in fungal community composition under elevated O-3. Thus, changes in plant inputs to soil under elevated CO2 and O-3 can propagate through the microbial food web to alter the cycling of C in soil. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Expt Stn, USDA, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Chung, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hgchung@ucdavis.edu RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 NR 39 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002HB UT WOS:000234601000017 PM 16205953 ER PT J AU Koehler, KM Lasky, T Fein, SB DeLong, SM Hawkins, MA Rabatsky-Ehr, T Ray, SM Shiferaw, B Swanson, E Vugia, DJ AF Koehler, KM Lasky, T Fein, SB DeLong, SM Hawkins, MA Rabatsky-Ehr, T Ray, SM Shiferaw, B Swanson, E Vugia, DJ CA EIP FoodNet Working Grp TI Population-based incidence of infection with selected bacterial enteric pathogens in children younger than five years of age, 1996-1998 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 24-27, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA O-3; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; FOODNET SITES; SURVEILLANCE DATA; INFANTS; SALMONELLOSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER; DIARRHEA AB Background: Previous studies of bacterial enteric infections have suggested a disproportionate disease burden for children younger than 5 years of age. Objectives: This study describes population-based incidence of culture-confirmed infections with 6 bacterial enteric pathogens in children younger than 5 years of age in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 1996-1998. Methods: Cases were ascertained through active laboratory-based surveillance in Minnesota, Oregon and selected counties in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland and New York. Results: Twenty-one percent (5218 of 24,358) of infections were in children younger than 5 years of age, but this age group made up only 7% of the total person-years of observation. Among those younger than 5 years of age, the incidence (cases per 100,000 person-years) for each pathogen was: Salmonella, 55.3; Campylobacter, 43.4; Shigella, 32.7; E. coli O157, 10.3; Yersinia enterocolitica, 7.1; Listeria monocytogenes, 0.7. Incidence varied widely among the 7 FoodNet sites. Conclusions: This study confirmed a disproportionate disease burden in young children. Investigation of risk factors specific to this age group and review and enhancement Of Current prevention and control strategies for children younger than 5 years of age may reduce illness. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Yale Univ, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. RP Koehler, KM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000199289.62733.d5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 015QY UT WOS:000235567100006 PM 16462289 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Expression of the TGF-beta family of ligands is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle of neonatal rats SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; S6 KINASE; MYOSTATIN; FOLLISTATIN; GROWTH; INHIBITION; CELLS; MICE; PIGS; DIFFERENTIATION AB To dissect the possible role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth during the early postnatal period, the protein abundances of the TGF-beta family and their correlation with protein synthesis were determined in skeletal Muscle of neonatal rats. To obtain direct evidence of the role of these growth factors in the regulation of protein synthesis, the TGF-beta inhibitor, follistatin, was infused into 10-d-old rats for 11 d and protein synthesis and phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and ribosomal protein (rpS6) were measured. TGF-beta 2 abundance and protein synthesis in muscle decreased with development and were positively correlated. The abundances of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-7, and myostatin increased with development and were negatively correlated with protein synthesis. The abundances of BMP-2 and BMP-7 were positively correlated with BMP receptor IA (BMP-RIA) abundance. Activin A abundance was positively correlated with follistatin abundance and activin receptor IIB (Act-RIIB) abundance. Infusion of follistatin increased muscle protein synthesis and S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation. The results provide indirect and direct evidence of TGF-beta family involvement in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis during the neonatal period. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Suryawan, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM suryawan@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01-AR44474] NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1203/t.pdr.0000196718.47935.6e PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 004PG UT WOS:000234764100003 PM 16439574 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC AF Vaughn, KC TI The abnormal cell plates formed after microtubule disrupter herbicide treatment are enriched in callose SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE callose; cell plate; mitotic disrupter herbicides; herbicide action ID CORTICAL MICROTUBULES; ORGANIZING CENTERS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; OAT ROOTS; DCPA; CYTOKINESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; WALLS; BY-2 AB Mitotic disrupter herbicides are best known for their macroscopic effect on root tip swelling and their microscopic effect on the progression of chromosomes through mitosis. However, irregularities with the phragmoplast microtubules and cell plate formation occur at lower herbicide concentrations than these more familiar effects. Instead of the relatively straight cell plates found in control tissue, cell plates after mitotic disrupter treatment are often branched and grow irregularly throughout the cytoplasm. Sometimes these abnormal plates adhere to one wall and in most cases do not effectively divide the potential daughter cytoplasms. To determine the chemical composition of these abnormal cell plates, thin sections of treated onion root tips were probed with a battery of antibodies and cytochemical probes. Abnormal cell plates are greatly enriched in callose compared to control cell plates and accumulate very low levels of cellulose. The development of these wildly undulated and excessively branched or heavily thickened cell plates indicates the importance of microtubules in forming a proper cell plate and perhaps the necessity of stable microtubule arrays for the addition of cellulose to these structures. Because the abnormal plates occur at herbicide concentrations below that required for induction of mitotic arrest or root tip swelling, this effect may be the primary phytotoxic effect of these herbicides. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kvaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.03.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 006XU UT WOS:000234931900001 ER PT J AU Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP AF Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP TI A nonlinear, dynamic, simulation model for transport, and whole plant allocation of systemic xenobiotics following foliar application. IV: Physicochemical properties requirements for optimum absorption and translocation SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer simulation model; absorption; translocation; foliar-applied systemic xenobiotics; molar volume; partition coefficient; dissociation constant; physicochemical properties ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHLOEM MOBILITY; MOLAR VOLUMES; METABOLISM; CUTICLES; PESTICIDES; PERMEABILITY; PENETRATION; TEMPERATURE; IMAZETHAPYR AB The relationship between the physicochemical properties (molar volume, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant) of slow-acting systemic postemergence xenobioties and their uptake and translocation to the sites of action was investigated using the nonlinear, dynamic simulation model ERMESSE. When the pK(a) was held constant at 4.0, the model enables the prediction of the uptake of a systemic xenobiotic as a function of its partition coefficient and molar volume. The model also considered the effects of the physicochemical properties of a systemic xenobiotic on its long-distance translocation within the vascular tissues. For instance, when the log K-OW and pK(a) were held constant at 1.5 and 6.0, respectively, the model predicted a higher translocation rate (55%) for molecules with a small (e.g., MV = 100 cm(3) mol(-1)) as opposed to a large (e.g., MV = 300 cm(3) mol(-1), 33%) molar volume. In addition, the theoretical predictions from the ERMESSE model showed that any xenobiotic, with a molar volume not exceeding 300 cm 3 mol(-1) could provide an uptake >= 50% and a translocation rate >= 25% when its log K-OW is between -0.5 and 2.5 and its pK(a) is between 0.0 and 8.0. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Lab Plant Biochem & Photobiol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Edward R Madigan Lab 230A, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Dow AgroSci Canada Inc, Winnipeg, MB R3Y 1G4, Canada. RP Briskin, DP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Lab Plant Biochem & Photobiol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Edward R Madigan Lab 230A, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dbriskin@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.05.009 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 006XU UT WOS:000234931900003 ER PT J AU Gong, P Pu, RL Li, ZQ Scarborough, J Clinton, N Levien, LM AF Gong, P Pu, RL Li, ZQ Scarborough, J Clinton, N Levien, LM TI An integrated approach to wildland fire mapping of California, USA using NOAA/AVHRR data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; DETECTION ALGORITHMS; BURNED AREA; WEST-AFRICA; AVHRR DATA; EOS-MODIS; VEGETATION; WILDFIRES; TROPICS AB To map wildland fires for emission estimation in California, this paper presents an integrated approach to wildfire mapping using daily data of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board a Notional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) satellite. The approach consists of two parts: active fire detection and burnt area mopping. In active fire detection, we combined the strengths of a fixed multi-channel threshold algorithm and an adaptive-threshold contextual algorithm and modified the fire detection algorithm developed by the Canada Center for Remote Sensing (CCRs) for fire detection in boreal forest ecosystems. We added a contextual test, which considers the radiometric difference between a fire pixel and its Surrounding pixels, and a sun glint elimination test to the CCRs algorithm. This can effectively remove false alarms caused by highly reflective clouds and surfaces and by worm backgrounds. In burnt area mapping, we adopted and modified the Hotspot and NDVI Differencing Synergy (HANDS) algorithm, which combines the strengths of hotspot detection and multi-temporal NDVI differencing, We modified the HANDs procedure in three ways: normalizing post-fire NDVI to pre-fire NDVI by multiplying an NDVI ratio coefficient, Calculating mean and standard deviation of NDVI decrease of land-cover types separately, and adding a new iteration procedure for confirming potential burnt pixels. When the integrated method was applied to the mapping of wildland fires in California during the 1999 fire season, it produced comparable results. Most of the wildfires mapped were found to be correct, especially for those in forested ecosystems. Validation was based both on limited ground truth from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and on interpreted burnt areas from Landsat 7 TM scenes. C1 IRSA, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Assessment & Monitoring Forest & Environm Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, USDA, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Gong, P (reprint author), IRSA, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Box 9718, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM gong@nature.berkeley.edu RI Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 47 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 014AY UT WOS:000235452300010 ER PT J AU Kim, KM Portis, AR AF Kim, KM Portis, AR TI Kinetic analysis of the slow inactivation of Rubisco during catalysis: effects of temperature, O-2 and Mg++ SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbamylation; magnesium ion; oxygen; Rubisco fallover; temperature ID RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TIGHT-BINDING INHIBITOR; SITE-DIRECTED MUTANT; BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; INTACT CHLOROPLASTS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; OXYGENASE ACTIVITY; HEAT-STRESS AB The effect of temperature, O-2 and Mg++ on the kinetic characteristics of the slow inactivation (fallover) of Rubisco isolated from spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) was determined. Comparing 25 and 45 degrees C, the rate of activity decline of Rubisco increased by 20-fold, but the final ratio of steady state to initial activity increased from 0.38 to 0.62, respectively. Low CO2 increased the extent of fallover but only caused a marginal increase in fallover rate in agreement with results reported previously. In contrast, increased O-2 during catalysis significantly increased only the fallover rate. Low Mg++ greatly increased the fallover of Rubisco both in rate and extent. Rubisco carbamylation was assayed using a new separation technique and it revealed that a loss of carbamylation largely accounted for the increased fallover observed with low Mg++. In conclusion, Rubisco fallover is facilitated by high temperature, low concentration of CO2 or Mg++, and high O-2. The physiological importance of these factors in affecting Rubisco fallover and contributing to photosynthetic inhibition at high temperatures in planta are discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, ER Madigan Lab 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM arportis@uiuc.edu NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 87 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11120-005-8386-4 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 035EI UT WOS:000236982600005 PM 16432666 ER PT J AU Benedict, CR Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD AF Benedict, CR Liu, JG Stipanovic, RD TI The peroxidative coupling of hemigossypol to (+)- and (-)-gossypol in cottonseed extracts SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; Malvaceae; cotton; peroxidative coupling; gossypol formation; hemigossypol coupling; dirigent protein ID FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE; DELTA-CADINENE; GOSSYPOL; PRECURSOR AB Peroxidase(s) present in embryo extracts of Gossypium hirsutum cv. Texas Marker 1 catalyzed a bimolecular coupling of [4-H-3]-hemigossypol to [4,4'-H-3(2)]-gossypol. The reaction was dependent on the addition of H2O2 and was inhibited 71-94% by 1 and 10 mM sodium azide. The phenolic coupling produced 53% (+)-gossypol and 47% (-)-gossypol in close agreement to the 49% (+)-gossypol and 51% (-)-gossypol found in the intact seed. The nearly racemic mixture of (+)-and (-)-gossypol produced in these embryo extracts can be accounted for by non-enzymatic random coupling of the free radicals of hemigossypol produced by the peroxidase. In contrast, peroxidase reaction mixtures containing crude embryo extracts of G. hirsutum var. marie-galante produced 73% (+)-gossypol and 27% (-)-gossypol. These data from the marie-galante extracts and the fact that these intact seed contain 95% (+)-gossypol suggest a regio-stereoselective bimolecular coupling of hemigossypol to gossypol. The development of the peroxidative coupling of hemigossypol to gossypol in maturing seed of G. hirsutum cv. Texas Marker 1 was correlated to the formation of gossypol and suggests that peroxidative coupling of hemigossypol contributes to gossypol biosynthesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. TAMU, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rstipanovic@cpru.usda.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 2006 VL 67 IS 4 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.11.015 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 014AJ UT WOS:000235450800004 PM 16403543 ER PT J AU Wisser, RJ Balint-Kurti, PJ Nelson, RJ AF Wisser, RJ Balint-Kurti, PJ Nelson, RJ TI The genetic architecture of disease resistance in maize: A synthesis of published studies SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GRAY LEAF-SPOT; STREAK VIRUS-RESISTANCE; EUROPEAN FLINT-MAIZE; SETOSPHAERIA-TURCICA; MOSAIC-VIRUS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB Fifty publications on the mapping of maize disease resistance loci were synthesized. These papers reported the locations of 437 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease (dQTL), 17 resistance genes (R-genes), and 25 R-gene analogs. A set of rules was devised to enable the placement of these loci on a single consensus map, permitting analysis of the distribution of resistance loci identified across a variety of maize germplasm for a number of different diseases. The confidence intervals of the dQTL were distributed over all 10 chromosomes and covered 89% of the genetic map to which the data were anchored. Visual inspection indicated the presence of clusters of dQTL for multiple diseases. Clustering of dQTL was supported by statistical tests that took into account genome-wide variations in gene density. Several novel clusters of resistance loci were identified. Evidence was also found for the association of dQTL with maturity-related QTL. It was evident from the distinct dQTL distributions for the different diseases that certain breeding schemes may be more suitable for certain diseases. This review provides an up-to-date synthesis of reports on the locations of resistance loci in maize. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 321 Plant Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjn7@cornell.edu OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 83 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0120 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006QH UT WOS:000234911500001 PM 18943914 ER PT J AU Howell, CR AF Howell, CR TI Understanding the mechanisms employed by Trichoderma virens to effect biological control of cotton diseases SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY MAR 15-17, 2006 CL Rehoboth Beach, DE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DAMPING-OFF; SEEDLING DISEASES; DEFENSE RESPONSES; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; BIOCONTROL; GLIOTOXIN; SUPPRESSION; ANTIBIOSIS C1 USDA ARS, CPRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Howell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CPRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM chowell@cpru.usda.gov NR 30 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0178 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006QH UT WOS:000234911500008 PM 18943921 ER PT J AU Samuels, GJ AF Samuels, GJ TI Trichoderma: Systematics, the sexual state, and ecology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY MAR 15-17, 2006 CL Rehoboth Beach, DE SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; FUNGAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; GENUS TRICHODERMA; SECT LONGIBRACHIATUM; SP NOV.; HYPOCREA-JECORINA; REVISION; TELEOMORPH; PHYLOGENY; ANAMORPHS AB A chronology is presented that charts the development of a genus and species concept in Trichoderma. Eighty-nine species of Trichoderma have been named, and several species of Hypocrea have been linked to unnamed Trichoderma anamorphs. Eighty-three taxa of Trichoderma and their teleomorphs, Hypocrea spp., have been included in phylogenetic analyses, including 11 species of Hypocrea with unnamed Trichoderma anamorphs. Phylogenetic analyses show that Trichoderma and Hypocrea are congeneric. Trichoderma species not linked to Hypocrea teleomorphs are derived from among species that are linked to teleomorphs, indicating sexual and asexual lineages are not independent of each other. Many more species remain to be discovered and described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed the existence of more species than have been recognized on the basis of morphology alone. A suggestion is made to modify the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to enable adoption of a single generic Dame for Trichoderma/Hypocrea, with Trichoderma being the older and more utilitarian name. As increasing numbers of species are studied, the few morphological characters of anamorph and teleomorph have reached their limit for defining species. DNA-based characters have assumed an indispensable role. Exploration of new niches, such as within tree trunks and new geographic locations, have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of species of Trichoderma. Trichoderma is usually considered a genus of free-living soil fungi but evidence suggests that Trichoderma species may be opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts as well as parasites of other fungi. Members of the genus Trichoderma are universally present in soils, although individual species may be either cosmopolitan (e.g., T harzianum) or limited (e.g., T viride) in their geographic distribution. To facilitate identification of species, a list of correctly identified strains of Trichoderma and their GenBank numbers for sequences of translation-elongation factor EF-1 alpha and internal transcribed spacer rDNA is provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 107 TC 98 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0195 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006QH UT WOS:000234911500012 PM 18943925 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Sundstrom, L Poetschat, G AF Keyser, James D. Sundstrom, Linea Poetschat, George TI Women in war: Gender in plains biographic rock art SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE rock art; gender studies; Biographic art; northern Plains ID LEXICON; ROBE AB Women are not commonly drawn in northern Plains rock art, but they do occur in both the Ceremonial and Biographic traditions. When shown in Ceremonial rock art they appear in structure and content roles equivalent to those of males. In contrast, in later Biographic art they appear in various roles-from vanquished enemy to kidnapped wife-but these are nearly always subordinate to the male actors in these scenes. The newly recorded La Barge Bluffs site in Wyoming contains the most complex northern Plains biographic composition yet known that shows women. This scene integrates women as war captive, adoptee, and dance participants and, as such, illustrates nearly all the female roles of Biographic rock art. Although few in number these women are always key elements for fully understanding the narratives of the scenes in which they participate. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Day Star Res, Shorewood, WI 53211 USA. Oregon Archaeol Soc, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1815 SW DeWitt, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM jkeyser@fs.fed.us; lineasundstrom@juno.com; cgpoet@pcez.com NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 51 IS 197 BP 51 EP 70 PG 20 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 073UQ UT WOS:000239768500005 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Cambardella, CA Meek, DW AF Sauer, TJ Cambardella, CA Meek, DW TI Spatial variation of soil properties relating to vegetation changes SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Editorial Material DE forest; prairie; eastern red cedar; geostatistics ID CEDAR JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; COMPETITION; CARBON; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS AB Bekele and Hudnall provide an interesting perspective on the spatial variation of soil chemical properties in a natural area undergoing transition from prairie to forest. Their focus is on the unique calcareous prairie ecosystem of Louisiana where prairie remnants are being encroached upon by the forest, primarily eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Bekele and Hudnall were especially interested in investigating any differences in spatial variability among similar sites and in documenting the scale at which the variability occurs. Geostatistical methods have been used to describe and model spatial patterns in soil data for more than 20 years. The accessibility of user-friendly geostatistical software packages has increased the use of spatial analysis of soil's data but carries the risk that these tools are used without due consideration of the underlying theory, especially in the field of semivariogram modeling or recommended good practices. The feedback between plant community composition and species distribution and soil properties in natural systems has promise to provide enhanced insight into the short- and long-term relationships between plants and soil properties. This is an intriguing area of research that couples plant ecology and soil science and should provide valuable information on the interaction of soils with the processes of plant succession and competition. Researchers in this area are urged to be cautious in verifying the assumptions behind popular geostatistical methods and explicit in describing the important steps such as trend analysis, which can reveal critical interpretive information. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-1545-8 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 015UF UT WOS:000235575900002 ER PT J AU O'Dell, RE James, JJ Richards, JH AF O'Dell, RE James, JJ Richards, JH TI Congeneric serpentine and nonserpentine shrubs differ more in leaf Ca : Mg than in tolerance of low N, low P, or heavy metals SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE calcium; chaparral; macronutrients; magnesium; nickel; serpentine shrubs ID MAGNESIUM NUTRITION; NICKEL TOLERANCE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PLANT-GROWTH; SOIL; CALCIUM; ACCUMULATION; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND AB Serpentine soils limit plant growth by NPK deficiencies, low Ca availability, excess Mg, and high heavy metal levels. In this study, three congeneric serpentine and nonserpentine evergreen shrub species pairs were grown in metalliferous serpentine soil with or without NPKCa fertilizer to test which soil factors most limit biomass production and mineral nutrition responses. Fertilization increased biomass production and allocation to leaves while decreasing allocation to roots in both serpentine and nonserpentine species. Simultaneous increases in biomass and leaf N:P ratios in fertilized plants of all six species suggest that N is more limiting than P in this serpentine soil. Neither N nor P concentrations, however, nor root to shoot translocation of these nutrients, differed significantly between serpentine and nonserpentine congeners. All six species growing in unfertilized serpentine soil translocated proportionately more P to leaves compared to fertilized plants, thus maintaining foliar P. Leaf Ca:Mg molar ratios of the nonserpentine species were generally equal to that of the soil. The serpentine species, however, maintained significantly higher leaf Ca:Mg than both their nonserpentine counterparts and the soil. Elevated leaf Ca:Mg in the serpentine species was achieved by selective Ca transport and/or Mg exclusion operating at the root-to-shoot translocation level, as root Ca and Mg concentrations did not differ between serpentine and nonserpentine congeners. All six species avoided shoot toxicity of heavy metals by root sequestration. The comparative data on nutrient deficiencies, leaf Ca:Mg, and heavy metal sequestration suggest that the ability to maintain high leaf Ca:Mg is a key evolutionary change needed for survival on serpentine soil and represents the physiological feature distinguishing the serpentine shrub species from their nonserpentine congeners. The results also suggest that high leaf Ca:Mg is achieved in these serpentine species by selective translocation of Ca and/or inhibited transport of Mg from roots, rather than by uptake/exclusion at root surfaces. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP O'Dell, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM reodell@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-3502-y PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 015UF UT WOS:000235575900007 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Boutton, TW Briske, DD AF Derner, JD Boutton, TW Briske, DD TI Grazing and ecosystem carbon storage in the North American Great Plains SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE delta C-13; C isotope signatures; carbon storage; grazing; Great Plains; soil organic carbon ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL CARBON; PERENNIAL GRASSES; ORGANIC-MATTER; MIXED-GRASS; PLANT; NITROGEN; C-4; HERBIVORY; PATTERNS AB Isotopic signatures of C-13 were used to quantify the relative contributions of C-3 and C-4 plants to whole-ecosystem C storage (soil+plant) in grazed and ungrazed sites at three distinct locations (short-, mid- and tallgrass communities) along an east-west environmental gradient in the North American Great Plains. Functional group composition of plant communities, the source and magnitude of carbon inputs, and total ecosystem carbon storage displayed inconsistent responses to long-term livestock grazing along this gradient. C-4 plants [primarily Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag ex Steud.] dominated the long-term grazed site in the shortgrass community, whereas the ungrazed site was co-dominated by C-3 and C-4 species; functional group composition did not differ between grazed and ungrazed sites in the mid- and tallgrass communities. Above-ground biomass was lower, but the relative proportion of fine root biomass was greater, in grazed compared to ungrazed sites at all three locations. The grazed site of the shortgrass community had 24% more whole-ecosystem carbon storage compared to the ungrazed site (4022 vs. 3236 g C m(-2)). In contrast, grazed sites at the mid- and tallgrass communities had slightly lower (8%) whole-ecosystem carbon storage compared to ungrazed sites (midgrass: 7970 vs. 8683 g C m(-2); tallgrass: 8273 vs. 8997 g C m(-2)). Differential responses between the shortgrass and the mid- and tallgrass communities with respect to grazing and whole-ecosystem carbon storage are likely a result of: (1) maintenance of larger soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in the mid- and tallgrass communities (7476-8280 g C m(-2)) than the shortgrass community (2517-3307 g C m(-2)) that could potentially buffer ecosystem carbon fluxes, (2) lower root carbon/soil carbon ratios in the mid- and tallgrass communities (0.06-0.10) compared to the shortgrass community (0.20-0.27) suggesting that variation in root organic matter inputs would have relatively smaller effects on the size of the SOC pool, and (3) the absence of grazing-induced variation in the relative proportion of C-3 and C-4 functional groups in the mid- and tallgrass communities. We hypothesize that the magnitude and proportion of fine root mass within the upper soil profile is a principal driver mediating the effect of community composition on the biogeochemistry of these grassland ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8404 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 60 TC 89 Z9 107 U1 8 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-2554-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 015UF UT WOS:000235575900009 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Zhang, FS AF Liu, XJ Mosier, AR Halvorson, AD Zhang, FS TI The impact of nitrogen placement and tillage on NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from a clay loam soil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE application depth; GWP; nitrogen fertilizer; no-till; trace gas emissions ID NITRIC-OXIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; LONG-TERM; DENITRIFICATION; EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT; NITRIFICATION; COMPACTION; METHANE AB To evaluate the impact of N placement depth and no-till (NT) practice on the emissions of NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 from soils, we conducted two N placement experiments in a long-term tillage experiment site in northeastern Colorado in 2004. Trace gas flux measurements were made 2-3 times per week, in zero-N fertilizer plots that were cropped continuously to corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional-till (CT) and NT. Three N placement depths, replicated four times (5, 10 and 15 cm in Exp. 1 and 0, 5 and 10 cm in Exp. 2, respectively) were used. Liquid urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN, 224 kg N ha(-1)) was injected to the desired depth in the CT- or NT-soils in each experiment. Mean flux rates of NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 ranged from 3.9 to 5.2 mu g N m(-2) h(-1), 60.5 to 92.4 mu g N m(-2) h(-1), -0.8 to 0.5 mu g C m(-2) h(-1), and 42.1 to 81.7 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in both experiments, respectively. Deep N placement (10 and 15 cm) resulted in lower NO and N2O emissions compared with shallow N placement (0 and 5 cm) while CH4 and CO2 emissions were not affected by N placement in either experiment. Compared with N placement at 5 cm, for instance, averaged N2O emissions from N placement at 10 cm were reduced by more than 50% in both experiments. Generally, NT decreased NO emission and CH4 oxidation but increased N2O emissions compared with CT irrespective of N placement depths. Total net global warming potential (GWP) for N2O, CH4 and CO2 was reduced by deep N placement only in Exp. 1 but was increased by NT in both experiments. The study results suggest that deep N placement (e.g., 10 cm) will be an effective option for reducing N oxide emissions and GWP from both fertilized CT- and NT-soils. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Liu, XJ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM liu310@cau.edu.cn RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 32 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-2950-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 015UF UT WOS:000235575900018 ER PT J AU LeCain, DR Morgan, JA Milchunas, DG Mosier, AR Nelson, JA Smith, DP AF LeCain, DR Morgan, JA Milchunas, DG Mosier, AR Nelson, JA Smith, DP TI Root biomass of individual species, and root size characteristics after five years of CO2 enrichment on native shortgrass steppe SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CO2; forage; grass species; grassland; monolith; roots ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER RELATIONS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; C-4 GRASSES; DYNAMICS; SOIL; RESPONSES; PRODUCTIVITY; SEEDLINGS; ECOSYSTEM AB Information from field studies investigating the responses of roots to increasing atmospheric CO2 is limited and somewhat inconsistent, due partly to the difficulty in studying root systems in situ. In this report, we present standing root biomass of species and root length and diameter after five years of CO2 enrichment (similar to 720 mu mol mol(-1)) in large (16 m(2) ground area) open-top chambers placed over a native shortgrass steppe in Colorado, USA. Total root biomass in 100 cm longx20 cm widex75 cm depth soil monoliths and root biomass of the three dominant grass species of the site were not significantly affected by elevated CO2. Root biomass of Stipa comata in the 0-20 cm soil depth was nearly 100% greater in elevated vs. ambient CO2 chambers, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.14). However, there was a significant 37% increase in fine root length under elevated CO2 in the 0-10 cm soil depth layer. Other reports from this study suggest that the increase in fine roots is primarily from improved seedling recruitment of S. comata under elevated CO2. Few treatment differences in root length or diameter were detected in lower 10 cm depth increments, to 80 cm. These results reflect the root status integrated over two wet, two dry and one normal precipitation years and approximately one complete cycle of root turn-over on the shortgrass steppe. We conclude that increasing atmospheric CO2 will have only small effects on standing root biomass and root length and diameter of most shortgrasss steppe species. However, the potential increased competitive ability of Stipa comata, a low forage quality species, could alter the ecosystem from the current dominant, high forage quality species, Bouteloua gracilis. B. gracilis is very well adapted to the frequent droughts of the shortgrass steppe. Increased competitive ability of less desirable plant species under increasing atmospheric CO2 will have large implications for long-term sustainability of grassland ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SNFR, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP LeCain, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dan.lecain@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2006 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-2301-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 012LL UT WOS:000235340600021 ER PT J AU Jansky, S AF Jansky, S TI Overcoming hybridization barriers in potato SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Review DE Solanum; endosperm balance number; wild species ID ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; WILD-SPECIES HYBRIDS; POLLEN-PISTIL INCOMPATIBILITY; INTERSPECIFIC SOMATIC HYBRIDS; BITTER EXHIBITING RESISTANCE; CULTIVATED DIPLOID POTATOES; INFESTANS MONT DEBARY; PALLIDA STONE BEHRENS AB The cultivated potato is a major crop worldwide. It is a high input crop with complex quality requirements at harvest and during storage. Potato breeders are fortunate to have access to a very diverse and accessible germplasm resource. Wild Solanum relatives provide genetic diversity as well as genes for valuable production and quality traits. In most cases, crossing success can be predicted based on endosperm balance number (EBN), or effective ploidy, of the parents. Crossing barriers between most wild species and the cultivated potato are the consequence of differences in EBN and can be easily overcome using ploidy manipulations and bridge crosses. The most common ploidy manipulations include haploid extraction to reduce EBN and 2n gamete production to increase EBN. Additional methods to produce fertile interspecific hybrids include mentor pollination, embryo rescue, hormone treatments, reciprocal crosses, selection of cross-compatible genotypes and somatic fusion. Knowledge of crossing barriers and mechanisms to overcome them allows potato breeders access to the rich gene pool in the genus Solanum. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu NR 123 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01178.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 007NF UT WOS:000234975700001 ER PT J AU Santra, DK Watt, C Little, L Kidwell, KK Campbell, KG AF Santra, DK Watt, C Little, L Kidwell, KK Campbell, KG TI Comparison of a modified assay method for the endopeptidase marker Ep-D1b with the Sequence Tag Site marker XustSSR2001-7DL for strawbreaker foot rot resistance in wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; eyespot disease; isozyme; marker-assisted selection; resistance gene ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; EYESPOT PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES; AEGILOPS-VENTRICOSA; CERCOSPORELLA HERPOTRICHOIDES; THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; REGISTRATION AB The endopeptidase marker Ep-D1b and Sequence Tag Site (STS) marker XustSSR2001-7DL were reported to be closely associated with the most effective resistance gene (Pch1) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for strawbreaker foot rot [Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton]. Our objectives were to: (i) develop an efficient assay method for Ep-D1b in wheat; (ii) correlate endopeptidase zymograms to strawbreaker foot rot reactions of various wheat genotypes; and (iii) compare the utility of Ep-D1b and XustSSR2001-7DL for predicting disease response. An improved method of assaying for the Ep-D1b marker using roots from a single seedling was developed, which is a 2.5-fold improvement over the previous method. Thirty-eight wheat genotypes with known reactions to strawbreaker foot rot were analysed for Ep-D1b and the STS marker. Six distinct endopeptidase zymograms were identified among these 38 genotypes tested, and three of these patterns were novel. The endopeptidase marker was 100% accurate for predicting strawbreaker foot rot disease response, whereas the STS marker predicted the correct phenotype with approximately 90% accuracy. The endopeptidase marker Ep-D1b was more effective and was more economical for use in marker-assisted selection strategies for Pch1 in our laboratory compared with the STS marker. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Campbell, KG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, 201 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgcamp@wsu.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01172.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 007NF UT WOS:000234975700002 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS AF Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS TI Cytological analyses of hybrids and derivatives of hybrids between durum wheat and Thinopyrum bessarabicum, using multicolour fluorescent GISH SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum turgidum; Thinopyrum bessarabicum; alien gene transfer; homoeologous chromosome pairing; multicolour fluorescent genomic in-situ hybridization; Ph1; unreduced gametes ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; TRITICUM-DURUM; GENE; PH1; CHROMOSOMES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTANTS AB The wheat progenitors and other wild relatives continue to be important sources of genes for agronomically desirable traits, which can be transferred into durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) cultivars via hybridization. Chromosome pairing in durum x alien species hybrids provides an understanding of genomic relationships, which is useful in planning alien gene introgression strategies. Two durum cultivars, 'Lloyd' and 'Langdon', were crossed with diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), to synthesize F-1 hybrids (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ) with Ph1. 'Langdon' disomic substitution 5D(5B) was used as a female parent to produce F-1 hybrids without Ph1, which resulted in elevation of pairing between durum and grass chromosomes - an important feature from the breeding standpoint. The F-1 hybrids were backcrossed to respective parental cultivars and BC1 progenies were raised. 'Langdon' 5D(5B) substitution x Th. bessarabicum F-1 hybrids were crossed with normal 'Langdon' to obtain BC1 progeny. Chromosome pairing relationships were studied in F-1 hybrids and BC1 progenies using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH) techniques. Multicolour fl-GISH was standardized for characterizing the nature and specificity of chromosome pairing: A-B, A-J and B-J pairing. The A-J and B-J pairing will facilitate gene introgression in durum wheat. Multicolour fl-GISH will help in characterizing alien chromosome segments captured in the durum complement and in their location in the A and/or B genome, thereby accelerating chromosome engineering research. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM prem.jauhar@ndsu.edu NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01176.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 007NF UT WOS:000234975700003 ER PT J AU Dong, N Montanez, B Creelman, RA Cornish, K AF Dong, N Montanez, B Creelman, RA Cornish, K TI Low light and low ammonium are key factors for guayule leaf tissue shoot organogenesis and transformation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE guayule; Parthenium argentatum; Agrobacterium; transformation; low light intensity; low ammonium; glufosinate; BAR; GUS ID ADVENTITIOUS BUD REGENERATION; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; VITRO PLANT-REGENERATION; IN-VITRO; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; INVITRO-PROPAGATION; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; TRANSGENIC PLANTS AB A new method has been developed for guayule tissue culture and transformation. Guayule leaf explants have a poor survival rate when placed on normal MS medium and under normal culture room light conditions. Low light and low ammonium treatment greatly improved shoot organogenesis and transformation from leaf tissues. Using this method, a 35S promoter driven BAR gene and an ubiquitin-3 promoter driven GUS gene (with intron) have been successfully introduced into guayule. These transgenic guayule plants were resistant to the herbicide ammonium-glufosinate and were positive to GUS staining. Molecular analysis showed the expected band and signal in all GUS positive transformants. The transformation efficiency with glufosinate selection ranged from 3 to 6%. Transformation with a pBIN19-based plasmid containing a NPTII gene and then selection with kanamycin also works well using this method. The ratio of kanamycin-resistant calli to total starting explants reached 50% in some experiments. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, CIU, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Mendel Biotechnol Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), Yulex Corp, 1945 Camino Vida Roble,Suite C, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM ndong@pw.usda.gov; kcornish@yulex.com NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD FEB PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0024-2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006DM UT WOS:000234875700004 PM 16247613 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Garvin, DF Leong, OM Hayden, DM AF Vogel, JP Garvin, DF Leong, OM Hayden, DM TI Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and inbred line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE c-value; embryogenic callus; genome size; model system; tissue culture ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; MUTAGENESIS AB Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been proposed as a model temperate grass because its physical, genetic, and genome attributes (small stature, simple growth requirements, small genome size, availability of diploid ecotypes, annual lifecycle and self fertility) are suitable for a model plant system. Two additional requirements that are necessary before Brachypodium can be widely accepted as a model system are an efficient transformation system and homogeneous inbred reference genotypes. Here we describe the development of inbred lines from 27 accessions of Brachypodium. Determination of c-values indicated that five of the source accessions were diploid. These diploid lines exhibit variation for a variety of morphological traits. Conditions were identified that allow generation times as fast as two months in the diploids. An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was developed and used to successfully transform 10 of the 19 lines tested with efficiencies ranging from 0.4% to 15%. The diploid accession Bd21 was readily transformed. Segregation of transgenes in the T-1 generation indicated that most of the lines contained an insertion at a single genetic locus. The new resources and methodologies reported here will advance the development and utilization of Brachypodium as a new model system for grass genomics. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jvogel@pw.usda.gov RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 NR 21 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s11240-005-9023-9 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 048SO UT WOS:000237967000008 ER PT J AU Stack, J Cardwell, K Hammerschmidt, R Byrne, J Loria, R Snover-Clift, K Baldwin, W Wisler, G Beck, H Bostock, R Thomas, C Luke, E AF Stack, J Cardwell, K Hammerschmidt, R Byrne, J Loria, R Snover-Clift, K Baldwin, W Wisler, G Beck, H Bostock, R Thomas, C Luke, E TI The national plant diagnostic network SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURE; IMPACT C1 Kansas State Univ, Great Plains Diagnost Network, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC USA. Michigan State Univ, N Cent Plant Diagnost Network, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, NE Plant Diagnost Network, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Florida, So Plant Diagnost Network, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Plant Diagnost Network, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, CERIS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stack, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Great Plains Diagnost Network, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jstack@ksu.edu NR 15 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0128 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000001 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH Mischke, S O'Neill, NR AF Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH Mischke, S O'Neill, NR TI Genetic diversity among Ophiosphaerella agrostis strains causing dead spot in creeping bentgrass SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE colonial bentgrass; phylogeny; sexual reproduction; velvet bentgrass ID NECROTIC RING SPOT; LEPTOSPHAERIA-KORRAE; NORTH-AMERICA; BERMUDAGRASS; DISEASE; GROWTH AB Dead spot (Ophiosphaerella agrostis) is a relatively new disease of young creeping bentgrass and hybrid bermudagrass putting greens in the United States. Little is known about the biology or genetic diversity of the pathogen. O. agrostis is unusual in that it produces prodigious numbers of pseudothecia in the field throughout the summer months and has no known asexual state. A total of 77 O. agrostis isolates were collected from 21 different bentgrass putting greens and one hybrid bermudagrass green in 11 states. DNA fingerprint analysis revealed that 78 out of 97 markers were polymorphic (80.4%), providing 57 unique profiles. Genetic variation of O. agrostis was diverse, and isolates separated into three distinct clades with >= 69% similarity. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the geographic origins of the isolates and the ability to produce pseudothecia were the best indicators for genetic similarity among O. agrostis isolates. Colony color varied among the isolates, but generally was similar for isolates residing within two clades (B and C). Colony color of isolates within clade A appeared to be a mixture of the colony colors exhibited by clades B and C. Isolates examined within each clade generally had varying levels of pseudothecia production and varying colony colors when grown oil PDA. Although O. agrostis is a homothallic species, it is unclear if outcrossing among strains occurs. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kaminski, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. EM john.kaminski@uconn.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0146 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000003 ER PT J AU Bhat, RG Colowit, PM Tai, TH Aradhya, MK Browne, GT AF Bhat, RG Colowit, PM Tai, TH Aradhya, MK Browne, GT TI Genetic and pathogenic variation in Phytophthora cactorum affecting fruit and nut crops in 10.1094/pd-90-0161 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; fixation index ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SILVER BIRCH; CROWN ROT; STRAWBERRY; AFLP; APPLE; DNA; INFESTANS; MEFENOXAM; MARKERS AB Isolates of Phytophthora cactorum and 15 other species of Phytophthora were characterized according to their genomic DNA, pathogenicity, and sensitivity to mefenoxam. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was completed for 132 isolates of P. cactorum (30 from almond, 86 from strawberry, 5 from walnut, and 11 from other hosts) and 22 isolates of 15 other Phytophthora spp. from various hosts. All 16 Phytophthora spp. were distinguishable by unique AFLP banding patterns. Cluster analysis of the AFLP data revealed high coefficients of genetic similarity (> 0.9) among all California isolates of P. cactorum. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that, among all 132 isolates of P. cactorum, 30.8 and 24.5% of the AFLP variation was associated with hosts and geographical sources of isolates, respectively, whereas 15.0% of the variation was associated with isolate niche (i.e., an aerial plant part, portion of the root system, or soil). Among the 86 isolates of P. cactorum from strawberry, characterization by source in the production system (i.e., fruiting field or plant nursery) did not account for a significant proportion of the variation (0.6%, P = 0.204). In pathogenicity tests on strawberry plants (cv. Diamante) in a greenhouse, isolates of P. cactorum from hosts other than strawberry and an isolate from a strawberry fruit caused only negligible amounts of disease, but isolates from strawberry root systems were highly aggressive. On excised shoot segments of almond (cv. Drake), all isolates of P. cactorum originally from almond were pathogenic, and 8 of 17 isolates of the pathogen from other hosts caused significantly less disease than the almond isolates. All 132 isolates of P. cactorum were sensitive to mefenoxam at 1 ppm. Populations of P. cactorum in California apparently are mefenoxam sensitive and exhibit host specificity with relatively minor variation in genomic DNA. The genetic variation observed in P. cactorum included significant geographical and host origin components, which has implications for disease management approaches. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Sci, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Browne, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gtbrowne@ucdavis.edu NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0161 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000005 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Wintermantel, WM Nicely, PA Ryder, EJ AF Hayes, RJ Wintermantel, WM Nicely, PA Ryder, EJ TI Host resistance to Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus and Lettuce big-vein associated virus and virus sequence diversity and frequency in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OLPIDIUM-BRASSICAE; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; TEMPERATURE; SYMPTOMS; AGENT; CROPS AB Big vein is an economically damaging disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by the Olpidium brassicae-vectored Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV). Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) is also frequently identified in symptomatic plants, bill no causal relationship has been demonstrated. Although big vein is a perennial problem in the United States, the extent of MLBVV and LBVaV infection and diversity is unknown. Lettuce cultivars partially resistant to big vein reduce losses, but do not eliminate disease. While Lactuca virosa does not develop big vein symptoms, it has not been tested for infection with MLBVV or LBVaV. Lettuce cultivars Great Lakes 65, Pavane, Margarita, and L. virosa accession IVT280 were evaluated for big vein incidence and virus infection in inoculated greenhouse trials. Additional lettuce samples were collected from field sites in California, classified for symptom severity, and evaluated for virus infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing were used to determine infection with MLBVV and LBVaV, and sequence diversity among viral isolates, respectively. Infections with MLBVV and MLBVV/LBVaV were dependent on big vein symptom expression in California production areas, and isolates were closely related to those found in Europe and Japan. Partial big vein resistance was identified in Margarita and Pavane; however, MLBVV infection was found in asymptomatic plants. L virosa IVT280 remained symptomless and virus free, suggesting that it is immune to MLBVV and LBVaV. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ryder, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rhayes@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0233 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000017 ER PT J AU Pfender, WF Alderman, SC AF Pfender, WF Alderman, SC TI Regional development of orchardgrass choke and estimation of seed yield loss SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Dactylis glomerata ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; OREGON AB A survey for choke, caused by Epichloe typhina, in orchardgrass seed-production fields in Oregon was conducted annually from 1998 to 2003. In all, 99 fields were inspected, 57 in more than 1 year, to produce a set of 217 observations on disease incidence. There was a significant increase in disease incidence in 38% of the revisited fields, and a significant reduction of incidence in 3%. Yearly increases in disease incidence were as high as 29% in individual fields, but the average yearly increase from 1999 to 2003 was 5 to 8%. In 1998, 60% of all surveyed fields were infested with choke and, by 2003, 90% were infested. Average disease incidence in fields in their first year of production was < 2%, and average disease incidence in older fields was approximately 10%, in 2003. Seed yield loss was equal to disease incidence (percentage of tillers diseased), and we found no significant yield compensation in diseased stands. An observed correlation of disease incidence with disease prevalence (proportion of sampled sites infested within a field) may permit simple estimation of incidence and, thus, of potential economic loss in an affected field. We estimate regional loss to the 2004 orchardgrass seed crop due to choke to be approximately $0.8 million. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0240 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000018 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JR AF Hernandez, JR TI First report of Puccinia puta on Ipomoea carnea subsp fistulosa from Puerto Rico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hernandez, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 245 EP 245 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0245C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000021 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Bull, CT AF Koike, ST Bull, CT TI First report of bacterial leaf spot of Italian dandelion (Cichorium intybus) caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pathovar in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 245 EP 245 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0245A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000019 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE Jacobsen, BJ AF Hanson, LE Jacobsen, BJ TI Beet root-rot inducing isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Colorado and Montana. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 90 IS 2 BP 247 EP 247 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0247A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 006ZZ UT WOS:000234938000025 ER PT J AU Chandra-Shekara, AC Gupte, M Navarre, D Raina, S Raina, R Klessig, D Kachroo, P AF Chandra-Shekara, AC Gupte, M Navarre, D Raina, S Raina, R Klessig, D Kachroo, P TI Light-dependent hypersensitive response and resistance signaling against Turnip Crinkle Virus in Arabidopsis SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Turnip Crinkle Virus; salicylic acid; defense; Arabidopsis; signaling; ssi2; light ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; EXCESS EXCITATION-ENERGY; SALICYLIC-ACID; PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; ESSENTIAL COMPONENT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-DEATH; GENE; THALIANA; DEFENSE AB Resistance to Turnip Crinkle Virus ( TCV) in Arabidopsis ecotype Dijon ( Di)-17 is conferred by the resistance gene HRT and a recessive locus rrt. In Di-17, TCV elicits a hypersensitive response ( HR), which is accompanied by increased expression of pathogenesis-related ( PR) genes and high levels of salicylic acid ( SA). We have previously shown that HRT-mediated resistance to TCV is dependent on SA-mediated signal transduction and that increased levels of SA confer enhanced resistance to TCV via upregulation of the HRT gene. Here we show that HRT-mediated HR and resistance are dependent on light. A dark treatment immediately following TCV inoculation suppressed HR, resistance and activation of the majority of the TCV-induced genes. However, the absence of light did not affect either TCV-induced elevated levels of free SA or the expression of HRT. Interestingly, in the dark, transgenic plants overexpressing HRT showed susceptibility, but overexpression of HRT coupled with high levels of endogenous SA resulted in pronounced resistance. Consistent with these results is the finding that exogenous application of SA prior to TCV inoculation partially overcame the requirement for light. Light was also required for N gene-mediated HR and resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus, suggesting that it is an important factor which may be generally required during defense signaling. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kachroo, P (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu NR 38 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 320 EP 334 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02618.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 001GK UT WOS:000234521400002 PM 16412080 ER PT J AU Krizek, BA Lewis, MW Fletcher, JC AF Krizek, BA Lewis, MW Fletcher, JC TI RABBIT EARS is a second-whorl repressor of AGAMOUS that maintains spatial boundaries in Arabidopsis flowers SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AGAMOUS; boundaries; cell division; floral patterning; UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) ID FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; NEGATIVE REGULATION; MERISTEM IDENTITY; PETAL DEVELOPMENT; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; SUPERMAN PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; AINTEGUMENTA AB The RABBIT EARS ( RBE) gene has been identified as a regulator of petal development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We find that second-whorl petals in rbe mutants can be replaced with staminoid organs, stamens or filaments and that some rbe flowers have increased numbers of sepals and exhibit fusion of sepals. We show that these rbe defects are due to AGAMOUS ( AG) misexpression in the second whorl. Consistent with its role in maintaining the spatial boundary of AG expression, rbe enhanced the second-whorl defects present in ap2-1, lug-1 and clf-2 mutants. In the development of second-whorl organs, RBE acts in the same pathway and downstream of UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS ( UFO). Enhanced first-whorl organ fusion in ap2-2 rbe-3, ant-4 rbe-3 and cuc2-1 rbe-3 double mutants supports an additional role for RBE in organ separation. RBE thus acts to maintain two different types of spatial boundaries in young flowers: boundaries between organ primordia within a whorl and boundaries of homeotic gene expression between whorls. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krizek, BA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, 700 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM krizek@sc.edu NR 46 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02633.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 001GK UT WOS:000234521400006 PM 16412084 ER PT J AU Tavva, VS Dinkins, RD Palli, SR Collins, GB AF Tavva, VS Dinkins, RD Palli, SR Collins, GB TI Development of a methoxyfenozide-responsive gene switch for applications in plants SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE retinoid X receptor; methoxyfenozide; two-hybrid gene switch; monopartate gene switch; transgenic plants ID PROMOTER/LEADER DELETION ANALYSIS; LENGTH TRANSCRIPT PROMOTER; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; DOUBLE ENHANCER DOMAINS; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION SYSTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTION; WHOLE PLANTS AB The ecdysone receptor ( EcR) has been used to develop gene switches for conditional regulation of transgene expression in plants and humans. All EcR-based gene switches developed to date for use in plants are monopartate and require micromolar concentrations of ligand for activation of the transgene; this has limited the use of these gene switches. We have developed a Choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor ( CfEcR)based two-hybrid gene switch that works through the formation of a functional heterodimer between EcR and the retinoid X receptor ( RXR) upon application of the chemical ligand methoxyfenozide. Methoxyfenozide is already registered for field use with an excellent safety profile, and it has potential as a gene switch ligand for applications in the field. The receptor constructs were prepared by fusing DEF domains ( hinge region plus ligand-binding domain) of CfEcR to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and EF domains ( ligand-binding domain) of ultraspiracle from Choristoneura fumiferana ( CfUSP) or RXR from Locusta migratoria ( LmRXR), Mus musculus ( MmRXR) or Homo sapiens ( HsRXR) to the VP16 activation domain. These receptor constructs were tested for their ability to induce expression of the luciferase gene placed under the control of 5 x GAL4 response elements and -46 35S minimal promoter in tobacco, corn and soybean protoplasts and in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. By adopting the two-hybrid format, the sensitivity of the CfEcR gene switch has been improved from micromolar to nanomolar concentrations of methoxyfenozide. The sensitivity of the CfEcR + LmRXR two-hybrid switch was 25 to 625 times greater than the monopartate gene switch, depending on the plant species tested. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Collins, GB (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 1405 Vet Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM gcollins@uky.edu OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 44 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 457 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02628.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 001GK UT WOS:000234521400012 PM 16412090 ER PT J AU Bai, C Reilly, CC Wood, BW AF Bai, C Reilly, CC Wood, BW TI Nickel deficiency disrupts metabolism of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids of young pecan foliage SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN LEAVES; HIGHER-PLANTS; UREASE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; GROWTH; AMIDOHYDROLASE; GLYCINE; BARLEY AB The existence of nickel (Ni) deficiency is becoming increasingly apparent in crops, especially for ureide-transporting woody perennials, but its physiological role is poorly understood. We evaluated the concentrations of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids in photosynthetic foliar tissue from Ni-sufficient (Ni-S) versus Ni-deficient (Ni-D) pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch). Foliage of Ni-D pecan seedlings exhibited metabolic disruption of nitrogen metabolism via ureide catabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ornithine cycle intermediates. Disruption of ureide catabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of xanthine, allantoic acid, ureidoglycolate, and citrulline, but total ureides, urea concentration, and urease activity were reduced. Disruption of amino acid metabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of glycine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, arginine, and total free amino acids, and lower concentrations of histidine and glutamic acid. Ni deficiency also disrupted the citric acid cycle, the second stage of respiration, where Ni-D foliage contained very low levels of citrate compared to Ni-S foliage. Disruption of carbon metabolism was also via accumulation of lactic and oxalic acids. The results indicate that mouse-ear, a key morphological symptom, is likely linked to the toxic accumulation of oxalic and lactic acids in the rapidly growing tips and margins of leaflets. Our results support the role of Ni as an essential plant nutrient element. The magnitude of metabolic disruption exhibited in Ni-D pecan is evidence of the existence of unidentified physiological roles for Ni in pecan. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Bai, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM cbai@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 140 IS 2 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1104/pp.105.072983 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010RY UT WOS:000235215000004 PM 16415214 ER PT J AU Leakey, ADB Uribelarrea, M Ainsworth, EA Naidu, SL Rogers, A Ort, DR Long, SP AF Leakey, ADB Uribelarrea, M Ainsworth, EA Naidu, SL Rogers, A Ort, DR Long, SP TI Photosynthesis, productivity, and yield of maize are not affected by open-air elevation of CO2 concentration in the absence of drought SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; C-4 CEREAL SORGHUM; US CORN-BELT; GAS-EXCHANGE; ZEA-MAYS; DIFFUSIVE RESISTANCE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB While increasing temperatures and altered soil moisture arising from climate change in the next 50 years are projected to decrease yield of food crops, elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is predicted to enhance yield and offset these detrimental factors. However, C-4 photosynthesis is usually saturated at current [CO2] and theoretically should not be stimulated under elevated [CO2]. Nevertheless, some controlled environment studies have reported direct stimulation of C-4 photosynthesis and productivity, as well as physiological acclimation, under elevated [CO2]. To test if these effects occur in the open air and within the Corn Belt, maize (Zea mays) was grown in ambient [CO2] (376 mu mol mol(-1)) and elevated [CO2] (550 mmol mol(-1)) using Free-Air Concentration Enrichment technology. The 2004 season had ideal growing conditions in which the crop did not experience water stress. In the absence of water stress, growth at elevated [CO2] did not stimulate photosynthesis, biomass, or yield. Nor was there any CO2 effect on the activity of key photosynthetic enzymes, or metabolic markers of carbon and nitrogen status. Stomatal conductance was lower (-34%) and soil moisture was higher (up to 31%), consistent with reduced crop water use. The results provide unique field evidence that photosynthesis and production of maize may be unaffected by rising [CO2] in the absence of drought. This suggests that rising [CO2] may not provide the full dividend to North American maize production anticipated in projections of future global food supply. C1 Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leakey, ADB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM leakey@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 69 TC 200 Z9 237 U1 17 U2 149 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 140 IS 2 BP 779 EP 790 DI 10.1104/pp.105.073957 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010RY UT WOS:000235215000033 PM 16407441 ER PT J AU Lee, JJ Hassan, OSS Gao, W Wei, NE Kohel, RJ Chen, XY Payton, P Sze, SH Stelly, DM Chen, ZJ AF Lee, JJ Hassan, OSS Gao, W Wei, NE Kohel, RJ Chen, XY Payton, P Sze, SH Stelly, DM Chen, ZJ TI Developmental and gene expression analyses of a cotton naked seed mutant SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L); fiberless mutant; fiber cell initiation; microarray; gene regulation; Arabidopsis ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; FIBER CELL INITIATION; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; LAYER-SPECIFIC GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT; MYB GENES; ELONGATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB Cotton fiber development is a fundamental biological phenomenon, yet the molecular basis of fiber cell initiation is poorly understood. We examined molecular and cellular events of fiber cell development in the naked seed mutant (N1N1) and its isogenic line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Texas Marker-1, TM-1). The dominant mutation not only delayed the process of fiber cell formation and elongation but also reduced the total number of fiber cells, resulting in sparsely distributed short fibers. Gene expression changes in TM-1 and N1N1 mutant lines among four tissues were analyzed using spotted cotton oligo-gene microarrays. Using the Arabidopsis genes, we selected and designed similar to 1,334 70-mer oligos from a subset of cotton fiber ESTs. Statistical analysis of the microarray data indicates that the number of significantly differentially expressed genes was 856 in the leaves compared to the ovules (3 days post-anthesis, DPA), 632 in the petals relative to the ovules (3 DPA), and 91 in the ovules at 0 DPA compared to 3 DPA, all in TM-1. Moreover, 117 and 30 genes were expressed significantly different in the ovules at three and 0 DPA, respectively, between TM-1 and N1N1. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 23 fiber-associated genes in seven tissues including ovules, fiber-bearing ovules, fibers, and non-fiber tissues in TM-1 and N1N1 indicates a mode of temporal regulation of the genes involved in transcriptional and translational regulation, signal transduction, and cell differentiation during early stages of fiber development. Suppression of the fiber-associated genes in the mutant may suggest that the N1N1 mutation disrupts temporal regulation of gene expression, leading to a defective process of fiber cell elongation and development. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Intercollegiate Program Genet, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Cropping Sys Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Chen, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, 1 Univ Stn,A-4800, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM zjchen@tamu.edu RI Wei, Ning/A-2411-2011; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; Chen, Xiaoya/0000-0002-2909-8414 NR 61 TC 70 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2006 VL 223 IS 3 BP 418 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0098-7 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 018IW UT WOS:000235758700004 PM 16254724 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Xu, G Cao, YG Holbrook, CC Lynch, RE AF Guo, BZ Xu, G Cao, YG Holbrook, CC Lynch, RE TI Identification and characterization of phospholipase D and its association with drought susceptibilities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE phospholipase D; drought stress; gene expression; aflatoxin contamination ID WATER-STRESS; PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; CULTIVATED PEANUT; GENE FAMILY; C2 DOMAIN; D PLD; PROTEIN; CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS AB Preharvest aflatoxin contamination has been identified by the peanut industry as a serious issue in food safety and human health because of the carcinogenic toxicity. Drought stress is the most important environmental factor exacerbating Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination in peanut. The development of drought-tolerant peanut cultivars could reduce aflatoxin contamination and would represent a major advance in the peanut industry. In this study, we identified a novel PLD gene in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), encoding a putative phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4). The completed cDNA sequence was obtained by using the consensus-degenerated hybrid oligonucleotide primer strategy. The deduced amino acid sequence shows high identity with known PLDs, and has similar conserved domains. The PLD gene expression under drought stress has been studied using four peanut lines: Tifton 8 and A13 (both drought tolerant) and Georgia Green (moderate) and PI 196754 (drought sensitive). Northern analysis showed that PLD gene expression was induced faster by drought stress in the drought-sensitive lines than the drought tolerance lines. Southern analysis showed that cultivated peanut has multiple copies (3 to 5 copies) of the PLD gene. These results suggest that peanut PLD may be involved in drought sensitivity and tolerance responses. Peanut PLD gene expression may be useful as a tool in germplasm screening for drought tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2006 VL 223 IS 3 BP 512 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s00425-005-0112-0 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 018IW UT WOS:000235758700012 PM 16200410 ER PT J AU Techen, N Khan, IA Pan, ZQ Scheffler, BE AF Techen, N Khan, IA Pan, ZQ Scheffler, BE TI The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Ephedra DNA in dietary supplements SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Ephedra; PCR; molecular marker; chloroplast DNA; psbA-trnH; dietary supplements ID ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE AB As part of a continuing research effort to develop chemical and genetic authentication profiles of botanicals, an investigation was performed with the goal to detect, identify and verify Ephedra sinica Stapf DNA in dietary Supplements such as plant Mixtures and tablets/capsules. We amplified and sequenced the chloroplast psbA-trnH spacer from 21 Ephedra spp. and from two of their closest relatives, Gnetum gnemon L. and Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. Based on sequence comparisons, we identified regions unique to all of the Ephedra spp. samples analyzed. We concluded that the psbA-trnH spacer sequence could be used as a molecular marker. Based on this spacer sequence, we designed Ephedra spp.-specific primers that can help to identify Ephedra spp. DNA in plant mixtures containing as little as 1/1,000 part of Ephedra spp. tissue. We used a DNA extraction method that allows for quick DNA isolation from plant mixtures for PCR analysis. C1 USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Gen Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Mississippi State, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Scheffler, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, CGRU, MSA Gen Lab, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bscheffler@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 72 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1055/s-2005-916173 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 025PO UT WOS:000236279400009 PM 16534729 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Bai, J Narciso, JA Brecht, JK Baldwin, EA AF Plotto, A Bai, J Narciso, JA Brecht, JK Baldwin, EA TI Ethanol vapor prior to processing extends fresh-cut mango storage by decreasing spoilage, but does not always delay ripening SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postharvest; fresh-cut; mango; ethanol; acetaldehyde; heat; sensory; microbial growth ID TOMATO FRUIT; SHELF-LIFE; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; SUBSEQUENT QUALITY; ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS; HOT-WATER; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; INHIBITION; ACETALDEHYDE; SLICES AB This study was under-taken to optimize ethanol vapor application as a ripening inhibitor on whole mangoes to extend fresh-cut mango shelf life. Freshly harvested mangoes were first subjected to hot water (+HW) at 46 degrees C for 60 or 90 min to simulate quarantine heat treatments, or remained untreated (-HW). Fruit of each batch (+ or -HW) were then held at 20-25 degrees C for 4 or 7 d (134 and D7) after the hot water treatment before being exposed to ethanol vapors [0h (E0), 10h (E10), or 20h (E20)]. Fruit were then peeled and cut into slices, packed in plastic clamshells, and stored at 7 degrees C for 15 d. Only slices from +HW-D4-E20-treated fruit maintained higher firmness, hue angle, and titratable acidity (TA) in storage. The +HW-D7-E10- or E20-treated fruit had higher hue angle than EO, but firmness, total soluble solids, TA, pH, and respiration rate did not differ. Internal ethanol and acetaldehyde were very high in slices from +HW, D4 and D7, E20 and -HW-D7-E20-treated fruit. A sensory panel could perceive higher firmness and acidity in slices from fruit treated with ethanol. However, E20 induced off-flavor, and these fruit were least preferred. Ethanol exposure on fruit was repeated with purchased mangoes that had been subjected to a commercial quarantine heat treatment. A second heat treatment of 18 h at 38 degrees C and 98% relative humidity was added to one batch of fruit in this experiment. Ethanol vapors did not result in delayed ripening in those mangoes. However, this treatment inhibited microbial growth. The second heat treatment did not improve fresh-cut mango shelf life, and further, microbial growth increased compared to other treatments. It is concluded that, due to inconsistent results, ethanol vapor applied for 20 h to whole mangoes prior to processing for fresh-cut is not a practical approach to delay ripening; however, at lower doses (10 h), it could be used as a safe microbial control in a fresh-cut production sanitation system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.09.009 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 012DX UT WOS:000235319500003 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Owens, PR Rowe, DE AF Miles, DM Owens, PR Rowe, DE TI Spatial variability of litter gaseous flux within a commercial broiler house: Ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; broiler; gas flux; litter ID PARTICULATE MATTER; POULTRY AB Twenty-eight flocks were grown on litter in a tunnel-ventilated, curtain-sided commercial broiler house prior to this summer flock. Grid measurements were made using a photo-acoustic multigas analyzer to assess the spatial variability of litter gases (NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4) on d 1 and 21. The pooled results for the brood and non-brood areas of the house were 1) NH3 flux was greatest in the brood area at d 1, averaging 497 mg/(m(2)center dot h), and had a mean of 370 mg/(m(2)center dot h) in the vacant end of the house; 2) at d 21, the non-brood area had the greater average NH3 flux, 310 mg/(m(2)center dot h), and flux in the brood area was 136 mg/(m(2)center dot h); 3) N2O and CH4 fluxes were < 60 mg/(m(2)center dot h); and 4) on d 1, brood CO2 flux was 6,190 mg/(m(2)center dot h) compared with 5,490 mg/(m(2)center dot h) at the opposite end of the house. On d 21, these values increased to 6,540 and 9,684 mg/(m(2)center dot h) for the brood and non-brood areas. Ammonia flux seemed most affected by litter temperature. Carbon dioxide and CH4 increased from placement to mid growout, corresponding to increased moisture, especially near the fans. Contour plots were developed using geostatistical software to visually assess the spatial disparity among the measurements. This research provides a unique view of gas flux variation within the house. Collinear factors such as house management, bird size and age, and amount of deposition are significant factors for litter gas flux and should be considered in comprehensive models for emission estimates. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800001 PM 16523609 ER PT J AU Qureshi, MA AF Qureshi, MA TI Ancillary scientists symposium: Conservation of avian genetic resources: Current opportunities and challenges - Introduction SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation; poultry; germ plasm; cryopreservation; genetic stocks ID CHICKEN GENOME; MAP C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Qureshi, MA (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mqureshi@csrees.usda.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800006 ER PT J AU Blackburn, HD AF Blackburn, HD TI The national animal germplasm program: Challenges and opportunities for poultry genetic resources SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Poultry-Science-Association Ancillary Scientists Symposium CY JUL 31, 2005 CL Auburn, AL SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE poultry genetic resource; genetic conservation; cryopreservation; chicken; turkey ID PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; CHICKEN; CHIMERAS; CRYOPRESERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; TRANSMISSION; TRIPLOIDY; STRAINS; SPERM; SEMEN AB In the United States, poultry genetic resources have consolidated because of economic pressures. Such consolidations can potentially jeopardize the poultry industry and the ability of research communities to respond to future challenges. To address the loss of genetic resources for all livestock and aquatic species, USDA established the National Animal Germplasm Program (NAGP) in 1999. Since the initiation of NAGP, population surveys have been conducted on nonindustrial chicken and turkey breeds. These surveys not only provide insight into breed status, but also serve as a benchmark for future comparisons. The survey results revealed that 20 chicken breeds and 9 turkey breeds were in various stages of being lost. The NAGP has initiated an ex situ repository for cryopreserved germplasm and tissue that already contains 59 chicken lines and 2,915 tissue samples. As the NAGP, along with its industry and university partners, continues developing the ex situ collection, there are re-search opportunities in cryopreserved tissue utilization and studies of genetic diversity. For cryopreserved tissues, several key research areas include improving the cryopreservation protocols for rooster and tom semen by using cryoprotectants other than glycerol and utilizing embryonic cells. Although surveys have been conducted on public research lines and rare breeds, there is a void in understanding the level of genetic diversity present in U.S. poultry populations. Therefore, an opportunity exists to perform a series of genetic diversity studies using molecular-based approaches. Such an evaluation can help clarify population differences between research lines and rare breeds and, thereby, facilitate conservation strategies. There appears to be growing consumer interest in poultry products derived from heritage breeds and/or poultry raised in nonindustrial production systems. Although the depth of such market trends is unknown, such an interest may provide an important niche for rare poultry breeds and, thereby, strengthen the genetic base. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM hblackbu@lamar.colostate.edu NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 210 EP 215 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800008 PM 16523615 ER PT J AU Long, JA AF Long, JA TI Avian semen cryopreservation: What are the biological challenges? SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Poultry-Science-Association Ancillary Scientists Symposium CY JUL 31, 2005 CL Auburn, AL SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE cryopreservation; semen; fertility; poultry ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; TURKEY SPERMATOZOA; POULTRY SEMEN; CHICKEN SEMEN; FERTILIZING-CAPACITY; BULL SPERMATOZOA; ATP CONTENT; GERM PLASM; FOWL; SPERM AB The value of the ability to cryopreserve and store germplasm has long been recognized for indefinite preservation of genetic material, especially for at risk populations. In contrast to domestic livestock species, cryogenic storage of poultry semen is not reliable enough for germplasm preservation. The relatively low fertilizing ability of frozen/thawed poultry sperm most likely results from physiological sensitivity to the cryogenic process coupled with the requirement for prolonged sperm functionality in the hen reproductive tract; however, the concept of defining these physiological challenges has been underemphasized. For example, alterations in membrane carbohydrate content and diminished energy production in frozen/thawed sperm have important implications for successful gamete interaction. Recent data suggests that both glycoconjugate content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation are affected by cryopreservation. Moreover, susceptibility to the cryogenic process seems to vary among lines and strains of birds, as illustrated by line-specific differences in ATP concentrations of frozen/thawed sperm from pedigreed commercial layers. Research based on biochemical and molecular comparisons of sperm among lines may lead to identification of factors that influence the freezability of poultry semen. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlong@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 42 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800012 PM 16523619 ER PT J AU Siegel, PB Qureshi, MA AF Siegel, PB Qureshi, MA TI Conservation of avian genetic resources: Current opportunities and challenges - A summary SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Poultry-Science-Association Ancillary Scientists Symposium CY JUL 31, 2005 CL Auburn, AL SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE conservation; poultry; germ plasm; cryopreservation; genetic stock AB Presented is an overview of the thesis of this symposium with a snapshot summation of the papers presented, including modest critiques and suggestions for future efforts. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Siegel, PB (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM pbsiegel@vt.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800017 PM 16523624 ER PT J AU Huff, G Huff, W Rath, N Balog, J Anthony, NB Nestor, K AF Huff, G Huff, W Rath, N Balog, J Anthony, NB Nestor, K TI Stress-induced colibacillosis and turkey osteomyelitis complex in turkeys selected for increased body weight SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; transport stress; dexamethasone; body weight; Escherichia coli ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; RANDOM-BRED CONTROL; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA VACCINES; GREEN LIVER DISCOLORATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; COMMERCIAL BROILER; CONTROL POPULATION; LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AB Two stress models were used to induce colibacillosis and turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC): Escherichia coli challenge following dexamethasone injection (Dex) and E. coli challenge preceding transport stress (Transport). A total of 160 birds from 3 lines of turkeys: a slow-growing line selected for egg production (Egg), a line selected for 16-wk BW (F line), and a Commercial line (Comm), were studied in a 3 x 3 x 2 (line x treatment x sex) factorial design. At 14 wk, the Dex group was treated with 3 injections of 2 mg of Dex/kg of BW followed by airsac challenge with 100 cfu of E. coli. The Transport group was given 5,000 cfu of the same E. coli and 8 d later was transported for 3 h and held for an additional 9 h in the transport vehicle. Controls of each line were neither stressed nor challenged with E. coli. Birds were necropsied 2 wk postchallenge. All birds were sexed, scored for airsacculitis (AS) and TOC, and knee synovia were cultured for E. coli. Percent mortality was unaffected by sex, was increased by the Dex treatment, and was higher in Dex-treated male Comm-line birds and Dex-treated female F-line birds compared with their respective nonchallenged controls. Both treatments increased AS scores, and scores of Dex-treated male Comm-line birds and female F-line birds were also higher compared with their respective controls. Male Comm birds under Transport had higher AS scores as compared with nonchallenged males and challenged females. The TOC incidence was increased by Dex only. There was no TOC in Egg-line birds, whereas TOC incidence approached significance in both Comm and F lines compared with the Egg line (P = 0.06). Males had twice as much TOC as females, and this approached significance in the F line (P = 0.06). There was a low level of TOC in male Transport birds of both large-bodied lines, whereas no female Transport birds had TOC lesions. Dex-treated male birds of both the F line and Comm line had significantly higher incidence of TOC compared with their respective nonchallenged controls. The challenge strain of E. coli was isolated from more knee cultures of both large lines compared with the Egg line. Isolation was increased by Dex and was higher in male Comm-line birds and both male and female F-line birds relative to their controls. The difference in disease resistance between these lines suggests that selection for fast growth of turkeys may affect the stress response, resulting in increased chronic bacterial disease such as TOC. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huff, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800019 PM 16523626 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Berrang, ME Smith, DP AF Cason, JA Berrang, ME Smith, DP TI Recovery of bacteria from broiler carcasses rinsed zero and twenty-four hours after immersion chilling SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whole carcass rinse; Escherichia coli; coliform; chilling; sample time ID POULTRY CARCASSES; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; FECAL CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; SALMONELLAE; NUMBERS AB Microbiological sampling of processed broiler carcasses often relies on the technique of whole-carcass rinsing; however, the rinse sampling is sometimes done immediately after immersion chilling and sometimes as long as 24 h after immersion chilling. To test whether carcass rinses done immediately after chilling can be compared with rinses 24 h after chilling, 20 whole broiler carcasses exiting the chiller of a broiler processing plant were sampled on each of 3 d. All carcasses were bagged aseptically and rinsed for 1 min in 400 mL of sterile water. Recovered rinse liquid was poured into a sterile container, and rinsed carcasses were placed in clean plastic bags; all materials were held overnight at 4 degrees C. On the following day, all carcasses were rinsed again in 400 mL of sterile water as before, and all rinse samples were cultured by standard methods to enumerate coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter and to determine incidence of Salmonella. Statistical analysis used paired comparisons between the same carcasses rinsed at 0 and 24 h after chilling; numbers of bacteria were expressed as log cfu/mL of rinse. In 2 of 3 replications, significantly higher numbers of coliforms and E. coli were found in the rinse samples taken immediately after chilling vs. rinse samples done at 24 h. There were no differences in numbers of Campylobacter or incidence of Salmonella between rinses taken at 0 and 24 h. More study is required to determine whether whole-carcass rinse samples performed at 0 and 24 h after chilling are microbiologically equivalent. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800028 PM 16523635 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Thaxton, JP Purswell, JL Olanrewaju, HA Branton, SL Roush, WB AF Dozier, WA Thaxton, JP Purswell, JL Olanrewaju, HA Branton, SL Roush, WB TI Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast muscle weight; feed conversion; footpad lesion; litter moisture; stocking density ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; ADRENAL CHOLESTEROL; CHICKENS; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; RESPONSES; YIELDS; WATER; FOWL; AGE AB This study examined the effects of stocking density on live performance, physiological stress level indicators, and processing yields of male broilers grown to 1.8 kg. A total of 3,120 Ross x Ross 708 male chicks was placed into 32 floor pens (5.57 m(2)/pen). Stocking density treatments were 25, (75 birds/pen), 30 (90 birds/pen), 35 (105 birds/pen), and 40 (120 birds/pen) kg of BW/m(2). The BW gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion were adversely affected with increasing stocking densities by 35 d. Physiological stress indicators (plasma corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, total nitrites, and heterophil:lymphocyte) were not affected. Litter moisture was higher as stocking density increased, which led to higher footpad lesion scores. In parallel to growth responses, carcass weight was depressed by increasing stocking density, but carcass yield, absolute and relative amounts of abdominal fat, and carcass skin defects were not affected. Increasing stocking density decreased breast fillet weight and its relative yield and breast tender weight, but not breast tender yield. As calculated stocking density increased 5 kg of BW/m(2) beyond 25 kg of BW/m(2), final BW and breast fillet weight decreased by 41 and 12 g, respectively. We conclude that increasing stocking density beyond 30 kg of BW/m(2) adversely affects growth responses and meat yield of broilers grown to 1.8 kg but does not alter physiological stress indicators. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bdozier@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 008LS UT WOS:000235042800030 PM 16523637 ER PT J AU Kayser, JPR Kim, JG Cerny, RL Vallet, JL AF Kayser, JPR Kim, JG Cerny, RL Vallet, JL TI Global characterization of porcine intrauterine proteins during early pregnancy SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; UTERINE VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESTROUS-CYCLE; EMBRYONIC ATTACHMENT; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PIG; CONCEPTUS; SWINE; IDENTIFICATION AB Total protein secreted in the intrauterine lumen increases between day 10 and 13 post-estrus in both cyclic and pregnant gilts. The objective of this experiment was to identify those intrauterine proteins whose secretion changes during this time period. Sixteen mature gilts were either mated (day 0) or remained cyclic and were slaughtered at either day 10 or day 13 (n = 4 per status by day). At slaughter, each uterine horn was flushed with 20 ml Minimal Essential Medium. Flushings were dialyzed extensively against distilled water. A 0.5 ml aliquot of each was lyophilized, subjected to two-dimensional PAGE, and protein spots were identified following Coomassie staining of each gel. Densitometry was used to compare relative amounts of each spot. After statistical analysis, spots that differed due to either day, status, or day by status interaction were excised and digested in-gel with trypsin. The resulting peptides were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Using MS/MS data, protein identification for each spot was attempted. There were 280 matching spots, of which 132 were significantly (P < 0.05 or 0.01) affected by pregnancy status, day, or the day by status interaction. Most (73%) spots increased from day 10 to day 13 with no effect of pregnancy. Several spots were identified as proteases or their inhibitors. Others potentially modify glycolipids and/or glycoproteins. These results indicate that the concentrations of many proteins within the intrauterine environment during early pregnancy are independent of the conceptus and could play roles in regulating the endometrial or conceptus glycocalyx. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Nebraska Ctr Mass Sepctrometry, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM vallet@email.marc.usda.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA36727]; NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR15635] NR 52 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD FEB PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1530/rep.1.00882 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 014NA UT WOS:000235485700018 PM 16452731 ER PT J AU Yang, H Mokhtari, A Jaykus, LA Morales, RA Cates, SC Cowen, P AF Yang, H Mokhtari, A Jaykus, LA Morales, RA Cates, SC Cowen, P TI Consumer phase risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in deli meats SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE food handling at home; Listeria monocytogenes; ready-to-eat foods; risk assessment ID FOOD SAFETY; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; REFRIGERATORS; TEMPERATURE; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; HANDS AB The foodborne disease risk associated with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has been the subject of recent efforts in quantitative microbial risk assessment. Building upon one of these efforts undertaken jointly by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the purpose of this work was to expand on the consumer phase of the risk assessment to focus on handling practices in the home. One-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation was used to model variability in growth and cross-contamination of L. monocytogenes during food storage and preparation of deli meats. Simulations approximated that 0.3% of the servings were contaminated with > 10(4) CFU/g of L. monocytogenes at the time of consumption. The estimated mean risk associated with the consumption of deli meats for the intermediate-age population was approximately 7 deaths per 10(11) servings. Food handling in homes increased the estimated mean mortality by 10(6)-fold. Of all the home food-handling practices modeled, inadequate storage, particularly refrigeration temperatures, provided the greatest contribution to increased risk. The impact of cross-contamination in the home was considerably less. Adherence to USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service recommendations for consumer handling of ready-to-eat foods substantially reduces the risk of listeriosis. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, PHP Dept, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowen, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, PHP Dept, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM peter_cowen@ncsu.edu NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00071.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 014GQ UT WOS:000235468000013 PM 16492183 ER PT J AU Gragson, TL Grove, M AF Gragson, TL Grove, M TI Social science in the context of the long term ecological research program SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE LTER; long-term research; synthesis; integrative research; regional science ID NETWORK AB This special issue of Society and Natural Resources brings the results of long-term ecological research with an explicit social dimension to the attention of the social scientific research community. Contributions are from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER, the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER, the Coweeta LTER and the Northern Temperate Lakes LTER. The range of practice represented at these four sites serves to identify commonalities and differences in the results as well as the experience of integrative research. The objective of this special issue is to extend a call to social scientists of all kinds to engage with the LTER program in long-term research and synthesis to help answer the urgent and intriguing questions of our day. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP Gragson, TL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, 250 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tgragson@uga.edu NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1080/08941920500394410 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 998ZE UT WOS:000234357600001 ER PT J AU Grove, JM Cadenasso, ML Burch, WR Pickett, STA Schwarz, K O'Neil-Dunne, J Wilson, M Troy, A Boone, C AF Grove, JM Cadenasso, ML Burch, WR Pickett, STA Schwarz, K O'Neil-Dunne, J Wilson, M Troy, A Boone, C TI Data and methods comparing social structure and vegetation structure of urban neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Baltimore; landcover; LTER; remote; sensing; social structure; urban ecology; vegetation ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; FOREST AB Recent advances in remote sensing and the adoption of geographic information systems ( GIS) have greatly increased the availability of high-resolution spatial and attribute data for examining the relationship between social and vegetation structure in urban areas. There are several motivations for understanding this relationship. First, the United States has experienced a significant increase in the extent of urbanized land. Second, urban foresters increasingly recognize their need for data about urban forestry types, owners and property regimes, and associated social goods, benefits, and services. Third, previous research has focused primarily on the distribution of vegetation cover or diversity. However, little is known about ( 1) whether vegetation structure varies among urban neighborhoods and ( 2) whether the motivations, pathways, and capacities for vegetation management vary among households and communities. In this article, we describe novel data and methods from Baltimore, MD, and the Baltimore Ecosystem Study ( BES) to address these two questions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Hixon Ctr Urban Ecol, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Vermont, Spatial Anal Lab, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Business Adm, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT USA. RP Grove, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM mgrove@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1080/08941920500394501 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 998ZE UT WOS:000234357600003 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Reeves, JB AF McCarty, GW Reeves, JB TI Comparison of NFAR infrared and mid infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for field-scale measurement of soil fertility parameters SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil fertility parameters; near infrared spectroscopy; mid infrared spectroscopy; field-scale measurement ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CARBON AB Data-intensive technologies such as precision agriculture require new approaches for acquisition of soil data on landscapes. We compared the ability of near infrared (NIR; 400-2500 nm) and mid infrared (MIR; 2,500-25,000 nm) spectroscopy for field-scale acquisition of soil fertility parameters. Samples were obtained in a grid pattern (25 m spacing) from the surface (0-10 cm) and sub-surface (10-30 cm) samples collected at 272 locations. Samples were analyzed for organic C and total N, texture (clay, silt, and sand), soil pH, and Mehlich I extractable Ca, K, Mg, and P. We found that chemometric analyses NIR and MIR provided good calibrations for organic carbon, total N, and soil texture. To varying degrees of precision, these regions also calibrated for pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K. Exchangeable P did not form useful calibrations in either spectral region. In all cases, MIR calibrations were better than those formed in the NIR region. Test of calibrations based on one-third of the samples was used to predict the remaining samples. This demonstrated the strategy of developing field-scale calibrations for the spectral regions by chemical analysis of a small sub-set of samples for the prediction of large numbers of samples. This approach can be used to accurately map the spatial distribution of soil properties within agricultural landscapes. These studies demonstrate the utility of infrared spectral approaches for generating the spatial soil properties data needed to implement precision agriculture technology. C1 USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 171 IS 2 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187377.84391.54 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020MD UT WOS:000235912700002 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Dao, TH Honeycutt, CW AF He, ZQ Dao, TH Honeycutt, CW TI Insoluble Fe-associated inorganic and organic phosphates in animal manure and soil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy manure; dithionite; ferric phytate; organic phosphate; phytase; poultry litter; reduction ID MYOINOSITOL HEXAKIS DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE; DAIRY WASTE-WATER; ENZYMATIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHORUS TRANSFORMATIONS; REDUCING CONDITIONS; BY-PRODUCTS; IRON-OXIDE; HYDROLYSIS; ALUMINUM; RELEASE AB Identifying and quantifying insoluble and reducible phosphorus (P) species in animal manure and soil are important issues in environmental P chemistry. We applied a joint dithionite-3-phytase incubation at pH 5.0 (100 mM acetate buffer) to investigate reducible P in animal manure and soil. After removal of soluble phosphate by 100 mM acetate (pH 5.0), poultry litter and dairy manure solids were incubated with the reducing agent sodium dithionite and/or 3-phytase to identify insoluble manure P species. Poultry litter contained most (spontaneous) labile P (9.7% insoluble P), reducible inorganic P (3.2% insoluble P), non-Fe-associated (reducible-irrelevant) organic P (5.7% insoluble P), and Fe-associated (reducible) organic P (16.2% insoluble P). In dairy manure, 51.5% insoluble P was most labile P, 28.1% non-Fe-associated organic P, and 20.4% Fe-associated organic P, but no reducible inorganic P. In a sandy loam soil, only Fe-associated inorganic P (682 mg kg(-1) of dry soil) was observed compared to the original 2 mg soluble P kg(-1) of dry soil). These data indicate that changes in the chemical and biological environments of manure and soil, such as anaerobic conditions and enzymatic activity, can influence manure P solubility and therefore bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 171 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187374.31026.ca PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020MD UT WOS:000235912700004 ER PT J AU Schaetzl, RJ Schwenner, C AF Schaetzl, RJ Schwenner, C TI An application of the runge "energy model" of soil development in Michigan's upper peninsula SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pedogenesis; conceptual models; podzolization; base cycling; bedrock influence ID NORTHERN MICHIGAN; PODZOL FORMATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PEDOGENESIS; LANDSCAPE; PODZOLIZATION; SASKATCHEWAN; USA; CLASSIFICATION; DITHIONITE AB This paper examines some soils in Michigan's upper peninsula that do not "fit" with the zonal soils of the region. The typical upland soils in this part of the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PRNL), when not constrained by bedrock or high water tables, are strongly developed Spodosols (Haplorthods). We used the energy model (Runge, 1973) as a conceptual guide to help explain the genesis of nearby soils, whose chemistry and morphology are very different. The energy model presupposes that soils are affected mainly by water available for leaching and organic matter production, as conditioned by parent material. In our study area, where water available for leaching is limited (or even negative), as on steep slopes shallow to bedrock with multiple springs and seeps, and where erosional processes are strong, horizonation in the classical sense does not form. Instead, shallow Histosols (Saprists) form above bedrock, even on 45% slopes. Oxyaquic Haplorthods developed on flat uplands, on the same bedrock, are strongly horizonated, as most of the water that impacts them is available for leaching and pedogenesis. In another example, soils that have formed above calcareous bedrock maintain such high pH values that their faunal assemblages are rich and diverse, and base cycling is strong, leading to thick O + A horizon sequences. These soils (Lithic Udipsamments) resemble Mollisols and exhibit few marks of podzolization. Conversely, nearby Oxyaquic Haplorthods above acid sandstone bedrock have limited faunal assemblages, slow organic matter decomposition, and horizonation indicative of strong podzolization. These examples highlight how conceptual models can be used to guide our understanding of soil genesis and distribution. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Schaetzl, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 314 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soils@msu.edu NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 171 IS 2 BP 152 EP 166 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187373.31026.04 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020MD UT WOS:000235912700007 ER PT J AU Knapp, BO Wang, GG Van Lear, DH Walker, JL AF Knapp, BO Wang, GG Van Lear, DH Walker, JL TI Predicting root biomass of burned and unburned white oak advance reproduction from diameter and height SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE allometric relationships; oak regeneration; root collar diameter ID RED OAK AB The size especially the root size, of advance oak (Quercus spp.) reproduction provides the best indication of the growth potential after release or top-kill. This study examined the relationship between the size of the root system and various diameter/height measurements for small (<60 cm) white oak (Q. alba L.) seedlings. Diameters measured at the top of the litter and humus layers and at the root collar were tested for their ability to predict root biomass on burned and unburned sites. Despite their close physical proximity, separate equations were required for burned and unburned sites when predicting root biomass from diameters measured at the humus and root collar locations, as well as height and diameter/height combinations. On burned sites, all diameter measures were good predictors, accounting for 75 to 86% of the total variance of root biomass. On the unburned site, the best predictor was the diameter measured at the root collar, accounting,for 85% of the total variance root biomass. Diameter at the litter level accounted for only 55% of the total variance of root biomass whereas diameter at the top of the humus layer accounted for 53%. When dealing with stands of unknown disturbance history. the diameter measured at the root collar should be used to predict root biomass for small seedlings. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Knapp, BO (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gwang@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 012BJ UT WOS:000235312900005 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Alaniz, MA Davis, MR Davis, MR TI Remote mapping of saltcedar in the Rio Grande System of WE4ST Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TAMARISK TAMARIX-CHINENSIS; COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; INFESTATIONS; VEGETATION; IMAGERY AB The Rio Grande is a major source of water for agricultural and municipal uses in Texas and northern Mexico. Water shortages in the Rio Grande have been significantly impacted by the invasion and spread of the invasive shrub saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis Lour.). Conventional color aerial photography and videography were acquired simultaneously of the Rio Grande to distinguish saltcedar. The videography was integrated with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for detecting and mapping the distribution of saltcedar. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of saftcedar infestations to be recorded on each image. The GPS coordinates on the video scenes depicting saftcedar infestations were entered into a GIS. Distribution maps were developed denoting the locations of saltcedar infestations along the Rio Grande. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 58 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 047FK UT WOS:000237865000002 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Nunez, A Ashby, R Dudley, R AF Cardamone, JM Nunez, A Ashby, R Dudley, R TI Activated peroxide for enzymatic control of wool shrinkage - Part I: Elucidation SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE wool; bleaching; biopolishing; shrinkage control; activated peroxide ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CYANAMIDE; DICYANDIAMIDE; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION; SYSTEM AB The ARS process combines activated peroxide for pretreatment and enzyme for subsequent treatment to provide bleached, biopolished, and shrinkage-resistant wool. The pretreatment step is of particular interest because it combines dicyandiamide (DD) with alkaline peroxide to form peroxycarboximidic acid, a stable and powerful bleaching agent that is stabilized by gluconic acid (GA) when applied at pH 11.5 for 30 minutes at 30 degrees C. Analytical methods of analysis provided information showing that the active bleaching component, peroxycarboximidic acid, is formed immediately upon the combination of DD with alkaline H2O2 and that cyanamide forms concomitantly as a co-product. The peroxide pretreatment bath was stable at room temperature for up to 4.5 hours with only 10% peroxide consumed. It should therefore be possible to reconstitute the bleaching bath for further utilization. The eventual alkaline hydrolysis of cyanamide to form urea and the recombination of urea with peroxycarboximidic acid formed the end-product, guanylurea, shown by high-performance liquid chromatography associated with electron impact mass spectrometry (LC/EI-MS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), and C-13 NMR. Differential scanning calorimetry and peroxide titration Of pretreatment baths provided evidence that GA stabilizes the activated peroxide. Activated DD peroxide pretreatment is essential to the ARS process for it provides a high level of whiteness without loss in fabric properties and it prepares the wool fiber for enzymatic treatment designed to selectively modify the scales of wool to biopolish the fabric surface and provide itch-free, machine-washable wool. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jcardamone@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1177/0040517506061030 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 037EA UT WOS:000237128300001 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, JM TI Activated peroxide for enzymatic control of wool shrinkage - Part II: Wool and other fiber-type fabrics SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE wool; bleaching; biopolishing; shrinkage control; activated peroxide AB In Part I we investigated the mechanism for bleaching wool with activated peroxide in the pretreatment step of the chemoenzymatic ARS process for whitening, biopolishing, and shrinkage prevention of wool. Here in Part II we report on applying the process to wool woven and knit fabrics of various constructions and fabric weights and to woven fabrics of other fiber compositions. The contribution of relaxation shrinkage to overall shrinkage that includes felting shrinkage is pronounced in wool fabrics, especially knits. The ARS process is specific for controlling felting shrinkage to provide dimensional stability in machine washing and drying. When applied to acetate, cotton, nylon, polyester, viscose, 62% wool/38% cotton, and a wool/Nomex blend the process was most effective for controlling the shrinkage of acetate, cotton, nylon, viscose, and wool/cotton blend. We treated wool, cotton, and viscose at pH 11.5, 30 degrees C for 30 minutes with individual components used in ARS pretreatment: dicyandiamide (DD), gluconic acid (GA), alkali (NaOH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and subsequently applied the enzyme treatment. We found that NaOH imparted a mercerizing effect to cotton and viscose and shrinkage was limited to less than 1%. Only the combination of DD/GA/NaOH/H2O2 imparted highest whiteness to wool, cotton, and viscose. When pretreatment utilizing activated DD peroxide was followed by enzyme applied at pH 8-9, 45 degrees C for 40 minutes, the wool fabrics became dimensionally stable and biopolished for itch-free comfort. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jcardamone@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1177/0040517506061035 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 037EA UT WOS:000237128300002 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Saha, S Stelly, DM AF Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Saha, S Stelly, DM TI An additive-dominance model to determine chromosomal effects in chromosome substitution lines and other gemplasms SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; GENETIC MODEL; MAJOR GENES; WHEAT; LOCATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYGENES; ANIMALS; MAPS AB When using chromosome substitution (CS) lines in a crop breeding improvement program, one needs to separate the effects of the substituted chromosome from the remaining chromosomes. This cannot be done with the traditional additive-dominance (AD) model where CS lines, recurrent parent, and their hybrids are used. In this study, we develop a new genetic model and software, called a modified AD model with genotype x environment interactions, which can predict additive and dominance genetic effects attributed to a substituted alien chromosome in a CS line as well as the overall genetic effects of the non-substituted chromosomes. In addition, this model will predict the additive and dominance effects of the same chromosome of interest (i.e. chromosome 25 of cotton in this study) in an inbred line, as well as the effects of the remaining chromosomes in the inbred line. The model requires a CS line, its recurrent parent and their F-1 and/or F-2 hybrids between the substitution lines and several inbred lines. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that genetic variance components were estimated with no or slight bias when we considered this modified AD model as random. The correlation coefficient between predicted effects and true effects due to the chromosomes of interest varied from zero to greater than 0.90 and it was positively relative to the difference between the CS line and the recurrent line. To illustrate the use of this new genetic model, an upland cotton, Gossypium hirsusum L, CS line (CS-B25), TM-1 (the recurrent parent), five elite cultivars, and the F-2 hybrids from test-crossing these two lines with the five elite cultivars were grown in two environments in Mississippi. Agronomic and fiber data were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the CS line, CS-B25, which has chromosome 25 from line 3 to 79, Gossypium barbadense substituted into TM-1, had positive genetic associations with several fiber traits. We also determined that Chromosome 25 from FiberMax 966 had significantly positive associations with fiber length and strength; whereas, chromosome 25 from TM-1 and SureGrow 747 had detectable negative genetic effects on fiber strength. The new model will be useful to determine effects of the chromosomes of interest in various inbred lines in any diploid or amphidiploid crop for which CS lines are available. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM JJenkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0042-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 001QW UT WOS:000234552400001 PM 16341682 ER PT J AU Chen, F He, ZH Xia, XC Xia, LQ Zhang, XY Lillemo, M Morris, CF AF Chen, F He, ZH Xia, XC Xia, LQ Zhang, XY Lillemo, M Morris, CF TI Molecular and biochemical characterization of puroindoline a and b alleles in Chinese landraces and historical cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); kernel hardness; puroindolines; Pina and Pinb alleles ID WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; RED SPRING WHEAT; GENE-EXPRESSION; WINTER WHEATS; SEQUENCE TYPE; FRIABILIN; MUTATION; PROLINE; STARCH; CONFORMATION AB Kernel hardness that is conditioned by puroindoline genes has a profound effect on milling, baking and end-use quality of bread wheat. In this study, 219 landraces and 166 historical cultivars from China and 12 introduced wheats were investigated for their kernel hardness and puroindoline alleles, using molecular and biochemical markers. The results indicated that frequencies of soft, mixed and hard genotypes were 42.7, 24.3, and 33.0%, respectively, in Chinese landraces and 45.2, 13.9, and 40.9% in historical cultivars. The frequencies of PINA null, Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1p genotypes were 43.8, 12.3, and 39.7%, respectively, in hard wheat of landraces, while 48.5, 36.8, and 14.7%, respectively, in historical hard wheats. A new Pinb-D1 allele, designated Pinb-D1t, was identified in two landraces, Guangtouxianmai and Hongmai from the Guizhou province, with the characterization of a glycine to arginine substitution at position 47 in the coding region of Pinb gene. Surprisingly, a new Pina-D1 allele, designated Pina-D1m, was detected in the landrace Hongheshang, from the Jiangsu province, with the characterization of a proline to serine substitution at position 35 in the coding region of Pina gene; it was the first novel mutation found in bread wheat, resulting in a hard endosperm with PINA expression. Among the PINA null genotypes, an allele designed as Pina-D1l, was detected in five landraces with a cytosine deletion at position 265 in Pina locus; while another novel Pina-D1 allele, designed as Pina-D1n, was identified in six landraces, with the characterization of an amino acid change from tryptophan-43 to a 'stop' codon in the coding region of Pina gene. The study of puroindoline polymorphism in Chinese wheat germplasm could provide useful information for the further understanding of the molecular basis of kernel hardness in bread wheat. C1 Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. CAAS, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, China Off, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP He, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Wheat Improvement Ctr, Zhongguancun S St 12, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhhe@public3.bta.net.cn; xiaxianchun@caas.net.cn RI He, Zhonghu/E-1625-2015 NR 37 TC 57 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 3 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0095-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 001QW UT WOS:000234552400002 PM 16344983 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA Huang, L Herbel, MN Gill, BS Brown-Guedira, G Fellers, JP AF Brooks, SA Huang, L Herbel, MN Gill, BS Brown-Guedira, G Fellers, JP TI Structural variation and evolution of a defense-gene cluster in natural populations of Aegilops tauschii SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID D-GENOME; MAIZE; WHEAT; RECOMBINATION; SEQUENCE; LOCUS; REARRANGEMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS; HAPLOTYPES; RESISTANCE AB Genetic mapping and sequencing of plant genomes have been useful for investigating eukaryotic chromosome structural organization. In many cases, analyses have been limited in the number of representatives sampled from specific groups. The degree of intraspecific genome diversity remains in question. The possibility exists that a single model genome may have limited utility for identifying genes in related members of the species or genus. Crop improvement programs have particular interests in disease resistance genes that are harbored by wild relatives of modern cultivated crops. These genes are evolutionarily dynamic and under selective pressure by a broad range of pathogenic organisms. Using resistance gene analogs as models for gene evolution, intraspecific genome comparisons were made among populations of wild diploid wheat (Aegilops tauschii). We observed that deletion haplotypes are occurring frequently and independently in the genome. Haplotypes are geographically correlated and maintenance of gene complements in localized populations indicates selective advantage. Furthermore, deletion haplotypes are not detrimental to plant health, since genes without adaptive value in alternate environments are eliminated from the genome. Deletion haplotypes appear to be a common form of allelic variation in plants, and we address the consequences on genome restructuring and gene evolution. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jpf@pseru.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 4 BP 618 EP 626 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0160-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 011ZW UT WOS:000235309000004 PM 16402192 ER PT J AU Marza, F Bai, GH Carver, BF Zhou, WC AF Marza, F Bai, GH Carver, BF Zhou, WC TI Quantitative trait loci for yield and related traits in the wheat population Ning7840 x Clark SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; BREAD WHEAT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CHROMOSOME 3A; QTL ANALYSIS; GENES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCATION AB Grain yield and associated agronomic traits are important factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement. Knowledge regarding the number, genomic location, and effect of quantitative trait loci (QTL) would facilitate marker-assisted selection and the development of cultivars with desirable characteristics. Our objectives were to identify QTLs directly and indirectly affecting grain yield expression. A population of 132 F-12 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the Chinese facultative wheat Ning7840 and the US soft red winter wheat Clark. Phenotypic data were collected for 15 yield and other agronomic traits in the RILs and parental lines from three locations in Oklahoma from 2001 to 2003. Twenty-nine linkage groups, consisting of 363 AFLP and 47 SSR markers, were identified. Using composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis, 10, 16, 30, and 14 QTLs were detected for yield, yield components, plant adaptation (shattering and lodging resistance, heading date, and plant height), and spike morphology traits, respectively. The QTL effects ranged from 7 to 23%. Marker alleles from Clark were associated with a positive effect for the majority of QTLs for yield and yield components, but gene dispersion was the rule rather than the exception for this RIL population. Often, QTLs were detected in proximal positions for different traits. Consistent, co-localized QTLs were identified in linkage groups 1AL, 1B, 4B, 5A, 6A, and 7A, and less consistent but unique QTLs were identified on 2BL, 2BS, 2DL, and 6B. Results of this study provide a benchmark for future efforts on QTL identification for yield traits. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010 NR 38 TC 102 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 4 BP 688 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0172-3 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 011ZW UT WOS:000235309000011 PM 16369760 ER PT J AU Krakowsky, MD Lee, M Coors, JG AF Krakowsky, MD Lee, M Coors, JG TI Quantitative trait loci for cell wall components in recombinant inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) II: leaf sheath tissue SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME FIBER CONCENTRATIONS; FORAGE QUALITY TRAITS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; WHOLE-PLANT; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROGENY; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; POPULATIONS AB While maize silage is a significant feed component in animal production operations, little information is available on the genetic bases of fiber and lignin concentrations in maize, which are negatively correlated with digestibility. Fiber is composed largely of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are the primary components of plant cell walls. Variability for these traits in maize germplasm has been reported, but the sources of the variation and the relationships between these traits in different tissues are not well understood. In this study, 191 recombinant inbred lines of B73 (low-intermediate levels of cell wall components, CWCs) x De811 (high levels of CWCs) were analyzed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CWCs in the leaf sheath. Samples were harvested from plots at two locations in 1998 and one in 1999 and assayed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). QTL were detected on all ten chromosomes, most in tissue specific clusters in concordance with the high genotypic correlations for CWCs within the same tissue. Adjustment of NDF for its subfraction, ADF, revealed that most of the genetic variation in NDF was probably due to variation in ADF. The low to moderate genotypic correlations for the same CWC across leaf sheath and stalk tissues indicate that some genes for CWCs may only be expressed in certain tissues. Many of the QTL herein were detected in other populations, and some are linked to candidate genes for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Krakowsky, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM mkrakowsky@tifton.usda.gov NR 44 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 4 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0175-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 011ZW UT WOS:000235309000014 PM 16362276 ER PT J AU Wang, C Ulloa, M Roberts, PA AF Wang, C Ulloa, M Roberts, PA TI Identification and mapping of microsatellite markers linked to a root-knot nematode resistance gene (rkn1) in Acala NemX cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TETRAPLOID COTTON; ASSISTED SELECTION; LINKAGE MAP; RFLP; MELOIDOGYNE; BARBADENSE; EVOLUTION; GENOME; ORGANIZATION; POPULATIONS AB Host-plant resistance is the most economic and effective strategy for root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Molecular markers linked to resistance are important for incorporating resistance genes into elite cultivars. To screen for microsatellite markers (SSR) closely linked to RKN resistance in G. hirsutum cv. Acala NemX, F-1, F-2, BC1F1, and F-2:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from intraspecific crosses and an F-2 from an interspecific cross with G. barbadense cv. Pima S-7 were used. Screening of 284 SSR markers, which cover all the known identified chromosomes and most linkage groups of cotton, was performed by bulked segregant analysis, revealing informative SSRs. The informative SSRs were then mapped on the above populations. One co-dominant SSR marker CIR316 was identified tightly linked to a major resistance gene (designated as rkn1), producing amplified DNA fragments of approximately 221 bp (CIR316a) and 210 bp (CIR316c) in Acala NemX and susceptible Acala SJ-2, respectively. The linkage between CIR316a marker and resistance gene rkn1 in Acala NemX had an estimated distance of 2.1-3.3 cM depending on the population used. Additional markers, including BNL1231 with loose linkage to rkn1 (map distance 25.1-27.4 cM), BNL1066, and CIR003 allowed the rkn1 gene to be mapped to cotton linkage group A03. This is the first report in cotton with a closely linked major gene locus determining nematode resistance, and informative SSRs may be used for marker-assisted selection. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, WICS, Res Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Roberts, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM philip.roberts@ucr.edu NR 38 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 112 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0183-0 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 011ZW UT WOS:000235309000020 PM 16362274 ER PT J AU Wheeler, N Payne, P Hipkins, V Saich, R Kenny, S Tuskan, G AF Wheeler, Nicholas Payne, Peggy Hipkins, Valerie Saich, Robert Kenny, Stephen Tuskan, Gerald TI Polymix breeding with paternity analysis in Populus: a test for differential reproductive success (DRS) among pollen donors SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; NIGRA L.; POPLAR; COMPETITION; PROGENY AB Polymix breeding with paternity analysis (PMX/WPA) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional full-sib breeding and testing schemes. To fully capture the benefits of PMX/WPA, differential reproductive success (DRS) of pollen parents used in the polymix must be modest. DRS was evaluated in an operational test of PMX/WPA for a hybrid poplar breeding program. A 16-parent pollen polymix (Populus nigra L.) was used to pollinate seven clones of Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex. Marshall) under greenhouse breeding conditions. Progeny were grown out briefly and randomly sampled (357) prior to out-planting in field trials. Twenty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were evaluated and 15 were selected for genetic characterization in small populations of three Populus spp (P. nigra, P. deltoides, and P. balsamffiera spp trichocarpa Torr. & Gray). Seven loci were ultimately selected for paternity analysis of progeny. The average exclusion probability of the seven loci in P nigra was 0.604; combined, the theoretical exclusion probability was 0.9999. However, only 95% of sampled progeny were unambiguously assigned a single paternal parent. Missing data likely accounted for most of the ambiguity. DRS was statistically significant though not prohibitive for practical utility of PMX/WPA as a breeding system. Of the 112 potential crosses in this study, 92 were represented. Eight of the 16 pollen parents contributed 83% of the progeny. Good pollen vigor, as measured by germination percent, did not ensure paternal success, but poor vigor was associated with lack of paternal success. PMXiWPA appears to be logistically and economically attractive for hybrid poplar breeding and testing. C1 Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Boise Cascade LLC, Wallula, WA 99363 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wheeler, N (reprint author), Mol Tree Breeding Serv LLC, 21040 Flumerfelt Rd SE, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. EM nickwheeler@scattercreek.com RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD FEB PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s11295-005-0033-x PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 145WL UT WOS:000244896400006 ER PT J AU Schaap, MG van Genuchten, MT AF Schaap, MG van Genuchten, MT TI A modified Mualem-van Genuchten formulation for improved description of the hydraulic conductivity near saturation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOILS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MODEL; SUBSURFACE; TRANSPORT; MEDIA; MASS AB The unsaturated soil hydraulic properties are often described using Mualem - van Genuchten (MVG) type analytical functions. Recent studies suggest several shortcomings of these functions near saturation, notably the lack of second-order continuity of the soil water retention function at saturation and the inability of the hydraulic conductivity function to account for macroporosity. We present a modified MVG formulation that improves the description of the hydraulic conductivity near saturation. The modified model introduces a small but constant air-entry pressure (h(s)) into the water retention curve. Analysis of the UNSODA soil hydraulic database revealed an optimal value of 24 cm for hs, more or less independent of soil texture. The modified model uses a pressure dependent piece-wise linear correction to ensure that deviations between measured and fitted conductivities between pressure heads of 0 and 240 cm were eliminated. A small correction was found necessary between 24 and 240 cm, and a much larger correction was needed between 0 and 24 cm. An average RMSE in logK of only 0.26 remained for a data set of 235 samples. The resulting modified MVG model was found to have small systematic errors across the entire pressure range. The modified model appears well suited for large-scale vadose zone flow and transport simulations, including inverse modeling studies. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Schaap, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 27 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500003 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Hopmans, J de Rooij, GH AF Corwin, DL Hopmans, J de Rooij, GH TI From field- to landscape-scale vadose zone processes: Scale issues, modeling, and monitoring SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTANTS; STREAM TUBE MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; UNSATURATED SOIL; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; LOAM SOIL; PARAMETERS AB Modeling and monitoring vadose zone processes across multiple scales is a fundamental component of many environmental and natural resource issues including nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, watershed management, and nutrient management, to mention just a few. In this special section in Vadose Zone Journal we present a collection of papers reflecting current trends in modeling and monitoring vadose zone processes from field to landscape scales. The objectives of this introductory paper are to set the stage for the special issue by providing background information, by showing the interrelationship of the papers, and by identifying the significant contribution(s) of each paper. The spectrum of topics covered includes (i) issues of scale, (ii) spatial analysis of model error, (iii) modeling of NPS pollutants and hillslope stability, (iv) the use of estimation and conditioning tools such as upscaling, pedotransfer functions, and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation, ( v) data assimilation in conjunction with flow modeling and passive microwave remote sensing to estimate moisture distribution, ( vi) effective hydraulic parameters across spatial scales, (vii) spatiotemporal stability of soil properties ( e. g., Cl-, B, and NO3- N transport; salinity; and soil physical and hydraulic properties), and (viii) nested sampling to determine spatial patterns. A commonality among the papers, whether for modeling or monitoring vadose zone processes, is the question of how to address complex issues of spatial and/or temporal variability at the scale of interest. Future research will likely involve inverse modeling, the use of multiple sensors to monitor at various scales, and continued applications of pedotransfer functions, upscaling and downscaling, and hierarchy of scales. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Soil Phys Ecohydrol & Groundwater Qual Grp, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 106 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 46 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500014 ER PT J AU Jardine, PM Mayes, MA Mulholland, PJ Hanson, PJ Tarver, JR Luxmoore, RJ McCarthy, JF Wilson, GV AF Jardine, PM Mayes, MA Mulholland, PJ Hanson, PJ Tarver, JR Luxmoore, RJ McCarthy, JF Wilson, GV TI Vadose zone flow and transport of dissolved organic carbon at multiple scales in humid regimes SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLING SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; 2 CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS; STORM EVENTS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; IRON-OXIDE; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; UPPER SUBCATCHMENT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW AB Scientists must embrace the necessity to offset global CO2 emissions regardless of politics. Efforts to enhance terrestrial organic carbon sequestration have traditionally focused on aboveground biomass and surface soils. An unexplored potential exists in thick lower horizons of widespread, mature soils such as Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols. We present a case study of fate and transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a highly weathered Ultisol, involving spatial scales from the laboratory to the landscape. Our objectives were to interpret processes observed at various scales and provide an improved understanding of coupled hydrogeochemical mechanisms that control DOC mobility and sequestration in deep subsoils within humid climatic regimes. Our approach is multiscale, using laboratory-scale batch and soil columns (0.2 by 1.0 m), an in situ pedon ( 2 by 2 by 3 m), a well-instrumented subsurface facility on a subwatershed (0.47 ha), and ephemeral and perennial stream discharge at the landscape scale (38.4 ha). Laboratory-scale experiments confirmed that lower horizons have the propensity to accumulate DOC, but that preferential fracture flow tends to limit sequestration. Intermediate-scale experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of C diffusion into soil micropores. Field- and landscape-scale studies demonstrated coupled hydrological, geochemical, and microbiological mechanisms that limit DOC sequestration, and their sensitivity to local environmental conditions. Our results suggest a multi-scale approach is necessary to assess the propensity of deep subsoils to sequester organic C in situ. By unraveling fundamental organic C sequestration mechanisms, we improve the conceptual and quantitative understanding needed to predict and alter organic C budgets in soil systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jardinepm@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Phillips, Jana/G-4755-2016 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Phillips, Jana/0000-0001-9319-2336 NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 140 EP 152 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0036 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500015 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA van Genuchten, MT Rawls, WJ Simunek, J Jacques, D Nicholson, TJ Cady, RE AF Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA van Genuchten, MT Rawls, WJ Simunek, J Jacques, D Nicholson, TJ Cady, RE TI Field-scale water flow simulations using ensembles of pedotransfer functions for soil water retention SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE RETENTION; BULK-DENSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TEXTURE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; ACCURACY; DATABASE AB Using pedotransfer functions (PTF) to estimate soil hydraulic properties may be necessary in soil water flow simulations for large-scale projects or in pilot studies. The accuracy of a PTF outside of its development dataset is generally unknown. The existence of multiple models that are developed and tested in one region, but may perform relatively poorly in other regions, is also common in meteorology, where multi-model ensemble prediction techniques have been developed (i.e., those using an averaged prediction from several models) to address this problem. The objective of this work was to estimate the applicability of an ensemble of PTFs for water regime simulations. Measured soil water contents and pressure heads of 60 points at five depths in a 6-m transect of a layered loamy soil were collected during an extremely wet year in Belgium. Soil water fluxes were measured with passive capillary lysimeters at two depths. Water retention was measured in the laboratory on samples taken at 60 locations at three depths. Contents of soil textural fractions, organic matter content, and bulk density were averaged across the transect and used as input in the ensemble of 22 published PTFs developed from large datasets in different regions. The HYDRUS-1D software was used to simulate water content time series with (i) each of the PTFs from the ensemble and (ii) the laboratory-measured water retention data of each of the 60 locations. Simulations with the PTF ensemble had, on average, two times smaller errors those from using laboratory data. A possible explanation for this is that the PTF estimation gave substantially better approximations of field water retention than the laboratory data. The ensemble prediction appears to be a promising source of soil hydraulic properties to simulate soil water dynamics. C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. USNRC, ONRR, Washington, DC USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARC E, 173 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0111 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500021 ER PT J AU Greer, RC Wu, JQ Singh, P McCool, DK AF Greer, RC Wu, JQ Singh, P McCool, DK TI WEPP simulation of observed winter runoff and erosion in the U.S. Pacific Northwest SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; FREEZE-THAW; SILT LOAM; FROZEN; MODEL; TECHNOLOGY; STRENGTH; PRAIRIE AB The Palouse area of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region suffers high erosion throughout the winter season. The excessive soil loss is a result of a combination of winter precipitation, intermittent freezing and thawing of soils, steep land slopes, and improper management practices. Soil strength is typically decreased by the cyclic freeze and thaw, particularly during the period of thawing. When precipitation occurs during these freeze - thaw cycles, soil is easily detached and moved downslope. This study was aimed at improving the knowledge of winter hydrology and erosion in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) through combined field experimentation and mathematical modeling. Surface runoff and sediment were collected for three paired field plots under conventional tillage and no-till, respectively. Additionally, transient soil moisture and temperature at various depths were continuously monitored for two selected plots. These data were used to assess the suitability and performance of the USDA's Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), a physically based erosion model, under the PNW winter conditions. Field observations revealed that minimal erosion was generated on the no-till plots, whereas erosion from the conventionally tilled plots largely exceeded the tolerable rates recommended by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The WEPP model could reasonably reproduce certain winter processes ( e. g., snow and thaw depths and runoff) after code modification and parameter adjustment. Yet it is not able to represent all the complicated processes of winter erosion as observed in the field. Continued field and laboratory investigation of dynamic winter runoff and erosion mechanisms are necessary so that these processes can be properly represented by physically based erosion models. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, PWA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Greer, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rgreer@wsu.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0055 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500023 ER PT J AU Shouse, PJ Goldberg, S Skaggs, TH Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE AF Shouse, PJ Goldberg, S Skaggs, TH Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE TI Effects of shallow groundwater management on the spatial and temporal variability of boron and salinity in an irrigated field SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SELENIUM; CROPS; WATER; GROWTH; COTTON AB In some irrigated regions, the disposal of agricultural drainage waters poses significant environmental challenges. Efforts are underway to develop irrigation water management practices that reduce the volume of drainage generated. One such management strategy involves restricting flow in subsurface drains in an effort to raise the water table and induce the consumption of groundwater by crops. A potential complication with this management approach is that upward groundwater flow may salinize the soil and increase concentrations of phytotoxic elements such as B. In this study, salinity and B concentrations were monitored for 3 yr in a 60-ha agricultural field located in San Joaquin Valley, California. The irrigated field was managed according to a restricted drainage, shallow groundwater management technique. Salinity and B measurements were made biannually at approximately 75 sites within the field. Soil salinity and B concentrations were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in B and salinity was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and the associated variations in salt leaching. During the 3-yr study, the field changed very little from one year to the next, although within a given year there were fluctuations related to cropping and irrigation practices and to environmental conditions. However, any changes arising during the growing season were erased in the fallow season by winter rainfall and preplant irrigations that uniformly leached salts from approximately the top 1 m of the field. Overall, it appears that the shallow groundwater management program used in this study could be continued and sustained in this field without increasing soil salinity or B concentrations, and without decreases in yield. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Alterra ILRI, Wageningen, Netherlands. ARS, Water Management Res Lab, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0032 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500032 ER PT J AU Hu, C Saseendran, SA Green, TR Ma, L Li, X Ahuja, LR AF Hu, C Saseendran, SA Green, TR Ma, L Li, X Ahuja, LR TI Evaluating nitrogen and water management in a double-cropping system using RZWQM SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTH CHINA PLAIN; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; QUALITY MODEL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; IRRIGATION; WHEAT; COLORADO; MAIZE AB Simulation of water and nutrient processes can enhance intensive agriculture to help feed the world's population in a sustainable manner. Due to excessive N application, environmental protection and agricultural sustainability have become major issues in agriculture. In this study, we calibrated and tested the RZWQM model to assess N management in a double-cropping system comprised of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) at Luancheng, in the North China Plain. Data, including biomass, grain yield, soil water, and soil and crop N, were used from 2001-2003 field trials applying 200 to 800 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) for five cropping seasons. In general, soil water, biomass, and grain yields were predicted better than plant N uptake or soil residual N. Once it had been tested and used to improve the understanding of N processes in this cropping system, the model was further used to evaluate the effects of alternative water and N management scenarios on N leaching. Typical application rates of both water and N could be reduced by about half based on these results, which would have high economic, social, and environmental impacts in China. The results also demonstrate the potential of RZWQM for evaluating N and water management practices in other regions and climates of the world with intensive agriculture. C1 ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RP Green, TR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011; Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.2136/vzj2005.0004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 037CO UT WOS:000237124500042 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Song, Y Elsherif, L Song, ZY Zhou, GH Prabhu, SD Saari, JT Cai, L AF Wang, JX Song, Y Elsherif, L Song, ZY Zhou, GH Prabhu, SD Saari, JT Cai, L TI Cardiac metallothionein induction plays the major role in the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy by zinc supplementation SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cardiomyopathy; diabetes mellitus; myocardium; nutrition; prevention ID TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IONIZING-RADIATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; MICE; HEART; TOXICITY; MELLITUS; DISEASE; MOUSE AB Background - Our previous studies showed that transgenic mice that overexpress cardiac-specific metallothionein (MT) are highly resistant to diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Zinc is the major metal that binds to MT under physiological conditions and is a potent inducer of MT. The present study therefore explored whether zinc supplementation can protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy through cardiac MT induction. Methods and Results - Diabetes was induced in mice (C57BL/6J strain) by a single injection of streptozotocin. Half were supplemented intraperitoneally with zinc sulfate ( 5 mg/kg) every other day for 3 months. After zinc supplementation, mice were maintained for 3 more months and then examined for cardiomyopathy by functional and morphological analysis. Significant increases in cardiac morphological impairment, fibrosis, and dysfunction were observed in diabetic mice but not in diabetic mice supplemented with zinc. Zinc supplementation also induced a significant increase in cardiac MT expression. The role of MT in cardiac protection by zinc supplementation was examined in cultured cardiac cells that were directly exposed to high levels of glucose (HG) and free fatty acid (FFA) ( palmitate), treatment that mimics diabetic conditions. Cell survival rate was significantly decreased for cells exposed to HG/FFA but did not change for cells exposed to HG/FFA and pretreated with zinc or low-dose cadmium, each of which induces significant MT synthesis. When MT expression was silenced with the use of MT small-interfering RNA, the preventive effect of pretreatment with zinc or low-dose cadmium was abolished. Conclusions - These results suggest that the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy by zinc supplementation is predominantly mediated by an increase in cardiac MT. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Cai, L (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 511 S Floyd St,MDR 533, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM L0cai001@louisville.edu RI Cai, Lu/A-6024-2008; Prabhu, Sumanth/D-5223-2009 NR 50 TC 126 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 4 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537894 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 008HU UT WOS:000235031600015 PM 16432057 ER PT J AU Walker, MD Wahren, CH Hollister, RD Henry, GHR Ahlquist, LE Alatalo, JM Bret-Harte, MS Calef, MP Callaghan, TV Carroll, AB Epstein, HE Jonsdottir, IS Klein, JA Magnusson, B Molau, U Oberbauer, SF Rewa, SP Robinson, CH Shaver, GR Suding, KN Thompson, CC Tolvanen, A Totland, O Turner, PL Tweedie, CE Webber, PJ Wookey, PA AF Walker, MD Wahren, CH Hollister, RD Henry, GHR Ahlquist, LE Alatalo, JM Bret-Harte, MS Calef, MP Callaghan, TV Carroll, AB Epstein, HE Jonsdottir, IS Klein, JA Magnusson, B Molau, U Oberbauer, SF Rewa, SP Robinson, CH Shaver, GR Suding, KN Thompson, CC Tolvanen, A Totland, O Turner, PL Tweedie, CE Webber, PJ Wookey, PA TI Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE arctic and alpine ecosystems; biodiversity; climate change; vegetation change ID SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ALASKAN ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; METAANALYSIS; TERM; GROWTH; CARBON AB Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and were of short duration and based on a variety of experimental designs. In addition, comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of techniques have been used to achieve experimental warming and different measurements have been used to assess responses. We used metaanalysis on plant community measurements from standardized warming experiments at 11 locations across the tundra biome involved in the International Tundra Experiment. The passive warming treatment increased plant-level air temperature by 1-3 degrees C, which is in the range of predicted and observed warming for tundra regions. Responses were rapid and detected in whole plant communities after only two growing seasons. Overall, warming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lichens, and decreased species diversity and evenness. These results predict that warming will cause a decline in biodiversity across a wide variety of tundra, at least in the short term. They also provide rigorous experimental evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to climate warming. These changes have important implications for processes and interactions within tundra ecosystems and between tundra and the atmosphere. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, US Dept Agr Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Inst Bot, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Abisko Sci Res Stn, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Iceland Inst Nat Hist, Reykjavik, Iceland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kings Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London SE1 9NN, England. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Muhos 91500, Finland. Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Texas, Environm Sci & Engn Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Stirling, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Henry, GHR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM ghenry@geog.ubc.ca RI Tolvanen, Anne/I-5873-2015; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; OI Tolvanen, Anne/0000-0002-5304-7510; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X NR 43 TC 588 Z9 634 U1 38 U2 400 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1342 EP 1346 DI 10.1073/pnas.0503198103 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 009EO UT WOS:000235094300035 PM 16428292 ER PT J AU Thoma, DP Moran, MS Bryant, R Rahman, M Holifield-Collins, CD Skirvin, S Sano, EE Slocum, K AF Thoma, DP Moran, MS Bryant, R Rahman, M Holifield-Collins, CD Skirvin, S Sano, EE Slocum, K TI Comparison of four models to determine surface soil moisture from C-band radar imagery in a sparsely vegetated semiarid landscape SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION MODEL; SAR DATA; ROUGHNESS; BACKSCATTER; CALIBRATION; SCATTERING; RANGELAND; EMISSION AB [1] Four approaches for deriving estimates of near-surface soil moisture from radar imagery in a semiarid, sparsely vegetated rangeland were evaluated against in situ measurements of soil moisture. The approaches were based on empirical, physical, semiempirical, and image difference techniques. The empirical approach involved simple linear regression of radar backscatter on soil moisture, while the integral equation method (IEM) model was used in both the physical and semiempirical approaches. The image difference or delta index approach is a new technique presented here for the first time. In all cases, spatial averaging to the watershed scale improved agreement with observed soil moisture. In the empirical approach, variation in radar backscatter explained 85% of the variation in observed soil moisture at the watershed scale. For the physical and best semiempirical adjustment to the physical model, the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) between modeled and observed soil moisture were 0.13 and 0.04, respectively. Practical limitations to obtaining surface roughness measurements limit IEM utility for large areas. The purely image-based delta index has significant operational advantage in soil moisture estimates for broad areas. Additionally, satellite observations of backscatter used in the delta index indicated an approximate 1:1 relationship with soil moisture that explained 91% of the variability, with RMSE = 0.03. Results showed that the delta index is scaled to the range in observed soil moisture and may provide a purely image based model. It should be tested in other watersheds to determine if it implicitly accounts for surface roughness, topography, and vegetation. These are parameters that are difficult to measure over large areas, and may influence the delta index. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EMBRAPA, CPAC, BR-73301970 Planaltina, Brazil. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Thoma, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dthoma@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1 AR W01418 DI 10.1029/2004WR003905 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 010BS UT WOS:000235159700003 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Wu, DF Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC AF Wu, JX Wu, DF Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC TI A recursive approach to detect multivariable conditional variance components and conditional random effects SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PATH ANALYSES; GENETICS; RICE; VARIABILITY; TRAITS; NUMBER; YIELD; MODEL; L. AB A complex trait like crop yield is determined by its component traits. Multivariable conditional analysis in a general mixed linear model is helpful in dissecting the gene expression for the complex trait due to different effects, such as environment, genotype, and genotype x environment interaction. A recursive approach is presented for constructing a new random vector that can be equivalently used to analyze multivariable conditional variance components and conditional effects. End-of-season plant mapping data, including lint yield and three yield components for nine cultivars of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were used to detect the conditional variance components and conditional effects using this new approach, which can help identify genotypes to be used in selection studies. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jjenkins@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2004.08.006 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 969PJ UT WOS:000232246200002 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM Greiner, E AF Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM Greiner, E TI Prevalence of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium found in 1-2-year-old dairy cattle in the eastern United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; prevalence; cattle; genotyping; zoonoses; age; dairy; risk ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; BOS-TAURUS; GIARDIA; CALVES; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; ANDERSONI; PARVUM; FARMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in 1-2-year-old heifers was determined for 571 animals on 14 dairy farms in seven states on the East Coast of the United States. A fecal specimen collected directly from each heifer was processed to concentrate oocysts that were then examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For every PCR-positive specimen the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was sequenced. Cryptosporidium was identified by PCR from heifers on 13 of 14 farms. On all except four farms groups of heifers were housed in a barn or in large covered pens. Others were pastured. From many of the same farms an earlier study reported that 41% of 393 pre-weaned calves and 26.2% of 447 post-weaned calves were infected. In the present study, 11.9% of 571 heifers were infected with Cryptosporidium, 0.7% with Cryptosporidium parvum, the zoonotic species. Of 68 PCR-positive specimens characterized by gene sequencing 1, 4, 10, 24, and 29 calves were infected with Cryptosporidium suis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype, Cryptosporidium bovis, and Cryptosporidium andersoni, respectively. These findings demonstrate a lower prevalence of infection in 1-2-year-old dairy cattle than in younger cattle as well as a change in the diversity of species present. Consequently, the risk of humans acquiring infection with C. parvum from exposure to feces from yearling and older cattle appears much lower than from exposure to pre-weaned calves. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 35 TC 147 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.08.003 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 004UT UT WOS:000234778600002 PM 16159697 ER PT J AU de Sousa, S Ajzenberg, D Canada, N Freire, L da Costa, JMC Darde, ML Thulliez, P Dubey, JP AF de Sousa, S Ajzenberg, D Canada, N Freire, L da Costa, JMC Darde, ML Thulliez, P Dubey, JP TI Biologic and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs from Portugal SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; pigs; genotyping; Portugal; bioassay ID MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION-TEST; STRAINS; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; DISEASE AB Little is known of Toxoplasma gondii infections in animals in Portugal. In the present paper, we report the first isolation of viable T gondii from pigs in Portugal. Antibodies to T gondii were found in 52 (15.6%) of 333 pigs prior to slaughter using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at a serum dilution of 1:20. Attempts were made to isolate T gondii from 37 seropositive pigs. Samples of brain and/or heart from each pig were digested in acid pepsin, and bioassayed into mice. Viable T gondii was isolated from 15 pigs. Restriction fragment length polymorphism on products of SAG2 locus amplified by PCR and microsatellite analysis revealed that II isolates were Type 11 and four were Type III. The results indicate that phenotypically and genetically T gondii are similar to isolates from pigs from the U.S. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Res Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. CHRU Dupuytren, Lab Parasitol Mycol, EA 3174, F-87042 Limoges, France. Inst Biomed Sci Abel Salazar, P-4099003 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Res Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov RI sousa, susana/D-8567-2013; OI sousa, susana/0000-0003-3891-3924; Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 30 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 2 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.08.012 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 004UT UT WOS:000234778600005 PM 16188390 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Schiestl, RH AF Sommers, CH Schiestl, RH TI Effect of benzene and its closed ring metabolites on intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE yeast DEL assay; recombination; benzene metabolites ID ARRESTED YEAST-CELLS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; PHENOLIC METABOLITES; DNA-DAMAGE; MICROSOMAL METABOLISM; DEL RECOMBINATION; POTENTIAL ROLE; FREE-RADICALS; B6C3F1 MICE; IN-VIVO AB Genome rearrangements, such as DNA deletions, translocations and duplications, are associated with cancer in rodents and humans, and clastogens are capable of inducing such genomic rearrangements. The clastogen benzene and several of its toxic metabolites have been shown to cause cancer in animals. Benzene is associated with leukemia and other blood related disorders in humans. Benzene and metabolites tested negative in short-term bacterial mutation assays such as the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test and the Escherichia coli Tryptophan Reversion Assay. These assays, while reliable for the detection of point-mutagenic carcinogens, are incapable of detecting DNA strand break inducing xenobiotics. The yeast DEL assay is based on intrachromo-somal recombination events resulting in deletions and is very sensitive in detecting DNA strand breaks. In previous results the DEL assay detected 17 Salmonella positive as well as 25 Salmonella negative carcinogens [Bishop, Schiestl, Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (2000) 2427-2434]. The carcinogen benzene and its metabolites including phenol, catechol, p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone induced DEL recombination. The benzene metabolite 1,2,4-benzenetriol was negative. Interestingly, p-benzoquinone induced DEL recombination at a dose 300-fold lower than any of the other metabolites, suggesting that it might be responsible for much of benzene's genotoxicity. In addition, an excision repair deficient strain was used, but no difference was detected compared to the wildtype, indiciting that DNA adducts subject to excision repair were not formed by benzene or its metabolites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth & Radiat Oncol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA ARS, Div Food Safety, Radiat Biol Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schiestl, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 650 Charles E,Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rschiestl@mednet.ucla.edu NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JAN 29 PY 2006 VL 593 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.026 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 011MI UT WOS:000235272000001 PM 16154601 ER PT J AU Tilley, M Bean, SR Tilley, KA AF Tilley, M Bean, SR Tilley, KA TI Capillary electrophoresis for monitoring dityrosine and 3-bromotyrosine synthesis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; dityrosine; 3-bromotyrosine ID PROTEIN OXIDATION; EOSINOPHIL PEROXIDASE; PRODUCTS; ACID AB Protein oxidation affects the structure of many amino acids. Variants of tyrosine are increasingly important in medical and food sciences. The synthesis of standards is essential for monitoring the disease state of patients with various illnesses and the quality of a number of food products. A method for monitoring standard synthesis of dityrosine and 3-bromotyrsoine from tyrosine using capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. Optimum separation was achieved using an isoelectric buffer consisting of 100 mM iminodiacetic acid (IDA) + 75 trim lauryl sulfobetaine (SB 3-12) + 0.02% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in a 27 cm x 75 mu m capillary at 22 kV and 45 degrees C. Using these conditions the tyrosine adducts could be easily separated in less than 4 min. The resolution of the CE method was similar to HPLC separations, but analysis time was distinctly shorter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Tilley, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM Michael.tilley@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 27 PY 2006 VL 1103 IS 2 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.029 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 006EX UT WOS:000234879600024 PM 16384575 ER PT J AU Davies, M Engel, J Griffin, D Ginzl, D Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Lawaczec, E Nathan, L Levy, C Briggs, G Kioski, C Kreis, S Keen, J Durso, L Schulte, J Fullerton, K Long, C Smith, S Barton, C Gleit, C Joyner, M Montgomery, S Braden, C Goode, B Chertow, D O'Reilly, C Gupta, S Dunn, J AF Davies, M Engel, J Griffin, D Ginzl, D Hopkins, R Blackmore, C Lawaczec, E Nathan, L Levy, C Briggs, G Kioski, C Kreis, S Keen, J Durso, L Schulte, J Fullerton, K Long, C Smith, S Barton, C Gleit, C Joyner, M Montgomery, S Braden, C Goode, B Chertow, D O'Reilly, C Gupta, S Dunn, J TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 associated with petting Zoos - North Carolina, Florida, and Arizona, 2004 and 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 1277-1280, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davies, M (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 4 BP 378 EP 380 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 005QJ UT WOS:000234838600008 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Singh, M Kays, SE AF Kim, Y Singh, M Kays, SE TI Near-infrared spectroscopy for measurement of total dietary fiber in homogenized meals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared; composition; fiber; high moisture; homogenized meals; ready-to-eat; RTE ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CEREAL PRODUCTS; HIGH-SUGAR; PREDICTION; FOOD; DIFFERENTIATION; FAT AB Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was investigated as a method for prediction of total dietary fiber (TDF) in mixed meals. Meals were prepared for spectral analysis by homogenization only (HO), homogenization and drying (HD), and homogenization, drying, and defatting (HDF). The NIR spectra (400-2498 nm) were obtained with a dispersive NIR spectrometer. Total dietary fiber was determined in HDF samples by an enzymatic-gravi metric assay (AOAC 991.43), and values were calculated for HD and HO samples. Using multivariate analysis software and optimum processing, partial least squares models (n = 114) were developed to relate NIR spectra to the corresponding TDF values. The HO, HD, and HDF models predicted TDF in independent validation samples (n = 37) with a standard error of performance of 0.93% (range 0.7-8.4%), 1.90% (range 2.2-18.9%), and 1.45% (range 2.8-23.3%) and r(2) values of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.97, respectively. Compared with traditional analysis of TDF in mixed meals, which takes 4 days, NIR spectroscopy provides a faster method for screening samples for TDF. The accuracy of prediction was greatest for the HDF model followed by the HD model. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sekays@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1021/jf051975b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400005 PM 16417282 ER PT J AU Pallos, FM Robertson, GH Pavlath, AE Orts, WJ AF Pallos, FM Robertson, GH Pavlath, AE Orts, WJ TI Thermoformed wheat gluten biopolymers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wheat gluten; wheat gliadin; wheat glutenin; protein; cross-linking; elasticity; thermoforming; bio-based products ID GENERIC FEEDSTOCK; FILMS; PLASTICIZERS; PROTEINS AB quantity of available wheat gluten exceeds the current food use markets. Thermoforming is an alternative technical means for transforming wheat gluten. Thermoforming was applied here to wheat gluten under chemically reductive conditions to form pliable, translucent sheets. A wide variety of conditions, i.e., temperature, reducing agents, plasticizers and additives were tested to obtain a range of elastic properties in the thermoformed sheets. These properties were compared to those of commercially available polymers, such as polypropylene. Elasticity of the gluten formulations were indexed by Young's modulus and were in the range measured for commercial products when tested in the 30-70% relative humidity range. Removal of the gliadin subfraction of gluten yielded polymers with higher Young's modulus since this component acts as a polymer-chain terminator. At relative humidity less than 30% all whole gluten-based sheets were brittle, while above 70% they were highly elastic. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1021/jf051035r PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400013 PM 16417290 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Wong, DWS Lee, CC Wagschal, K Smith, MR Orts, WJ AF Robertson, GH Wong, DWS Lee, CC Wagschal, K Smith, MR Orts, WJ TI Native or raw starch digestion: A key step in energy efficient biorefining of grain SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE raw starch; solid starch; digestion; enzymes; starch structure; cold cook; cold hydrolysis; liquefaction; saccharification; fermentation ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ENDOMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA GLUCOAMYLASE; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THERMOSTABLE ALPHA-AMYLASE; COLD ENZYME HYDROLYSIS; IN-VITRO DEGRADATION; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS 65; SP. IMD 434; WHEAT-STARCH AB Improved molecular disassembly and depolymerization of grain starch to glucose are key to reducing energy use in the bioconversion of glucose to chemicals, ingredients, and fuels. In fuel ethanol production, these biorefining steps use 10-20% of the energy content of the fuel ethanol. The need to minimize energy use and to raise the net yield of energy can be met by replacing high-temperature, liquid-phase, enzymatic digestion with low temperature, solid-phase, enzymatic digestion. Also called cold hydrolysis, the approach is a step toward a "green" method for the production of fuel ethanol. There has been substantial prior and increased recent interest in this approach that is presented in this first review of the subject. We include incentives, developmental research, fundamental factors of raw starch digestion, and novel approaches in enzymology and processing. The discussion draws on resources found in enzymology, engineering, plant physiology, cereal chemistry, and kinetics. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 206 TC 105 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1021/jf051883m PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400014 PM 16417291 ER PT J AU Elder, SJ Haytowitz, DB Howe, JR Peterson, JW Booth, SL AF Elder, SJ Haytowitz, DB Howe, JR Peterson, JW Booth, SL TI Vitamin K contents of meat, dairy, and fast food in the US diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitamin K; phylloquinone; menaquinone-4; meat; dairy; fast food; food composition ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; MOUSE-BRAIN; MENAQUINONE-4; TISSUES; OILS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of three forms of vitamin K [phylloquinone, dihydrophylloquinone, and menaquinone-4 (MK-4)] in representative samples (including different samples within the same food category) of meat (n = 128), dairy and eggs (n = 24), and fast foods (n = 169) common to the U.S. diet. The findings of our analysis indicate that no single food item in these categories is a rich dietary source of any one form of vitamin K. However, these foods are often consumed in large quantities; hence, they may be of importance in overall contribution to total vitamin K intake. The presence of MK-4 in meat, eggs, and dairy foods could be important as physiologic functions unique to MK-4 are identified. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu NR 28 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1021/jf052400h PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400028 PM 16417305 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Sessa, DJ Lawton, JW Selling, GW Hamaker, SAH Willett, JL AF Momany, FA Sessa, DJ Lawton, JW Selling, GW Hamaker, SAH Willett, JL TI Structural characterization of alpha-zein SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-zein; 3D structure; storage proteins ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; PROTEINS; MAIZE; PROLAMIN AB A variety of published physical measurements, computational algorithms, and structural modeling methods have been used to create a molecular model of 19 kDa alpha-zein (Z19). Zeins are water-insoluble storage proteins found in corn protein bodies. Analyses of the protein sequence using probability algorithms, structural studies by circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), light scattering, proton exchange, NMR, and optical rotatory dispersion experiments suggest that Z19 has similar to 35-60% helical character, made up of nine helical segments of about 20 amino acids with glutamine-rich "turns" or "loops". SAXS and light-scattering experiments suggest that in alcohol/water mixtures alpha-zein exists as an oblong structure with an axial ratio of similar to 6:1. Furthermore, ultracentifugation, birefringence, dielectric, and viscosity studies indicate that a-zein behaves as an asymmetric particle with an axial ratio of from 7:1 to 28:1. Published models of alpha-zein to date have not been consistent with the experimental data, and for this reason the structure was re-examined using molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations creating a new three-dimensional (3D) structure for Z19. From the amino acid sequence and probability algorithms this analysis suggested that alpha-zein has coiled-coil tendencies resulting in alpha-helices with about four residues per turn in the central helical sections with the nonpolar residue side chains forming a hydrophobic face inside a triple superhelix. The nine helical segments of the 19 kDa protein were modeled into three sets of three interacting coiled-coil helices with segments positioned end to end. The resulting structure lengthens with the addition of the N- and C-terminal sections, to give an axial ratio of similar to 6 or 7:1 in agreement with recent experiments. The natural carotenoid, lutein, is found to fit into the core of the triple-helical segments and help stabilize the configuration. Molecular dynamics simulations with explicit methanol/water molecules as solvent have been carried out to refine the 3D structure. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.1021/jf058135h PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400041 PM 16417318 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Pittman, HE Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Pittman, HE Prior, RL TI Fate of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in contents of the gastrointestinal tract of weanling pigs following black raspberry consumption SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; antioxidant; black raspberry; gastrointestinal tract; metabolism ID UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; ELDERLY WOMEN; COLON-CANCER; IN-VITRO; RATS; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; HUMANS; CHEMOPREVENTION AB Many fruits are rich in anthocyanins (ACNs). ACNs have high antioxidant capacity, but because of their apparent low bioavailability, their possible roles in health promotion in vivo are still in question. The objectives of these studies were to determine the fate of ACNs within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the effect on the bioavailability and subsequent metabolism of ACNs. Five weanling pigs were fed freeze-dried black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) powder by oral administration, which provided 1146.1 +/- 44.6 mu mol TE of oxygen radical absorbance capacity with fluorescein as a fluorescent probe (ORAC(FL)) per kg and 50.5 +/- 3.7 mg per kg total ACNs. After 4 h, the pigs were sacrificed and the contents of five GI segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) were collected and analyzed for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC, measured as ORACFL) and ACNs. The recoveries of TAC and total ACNs were 46.5 +/- 3.5 and 41.7 +/- 4.9%, respectively. Both total ACNs and TAC were recovered primarily in the ileum, cecum, and colon at 4 h after a meal. Cyanidin aglycone with different sugar moieties showed significant differences in their recovery within the GI tract with sambubiose > sambubiose-rhamnose = rutinose >> glucose. Recovery of ACNs within the GI tract was positively and linearly associated with urinary ACN recovery, which suggests that stability within the GI tract and not decreased absorption accounts for the increased recovery. The environment of different segments of the GI tract may determine the stability of individual ACNs. Complex ACNs containing di- or triglycosides disappeared more slowly in the GI tract than simple ACNs such as a monoglycoside. TAC and total ACNs remained high 4 h after feeding, which indicates that ACNs provide significant antioxidant protection in the environment of the gut epithelium. C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM PriorRonaldL@uams.edu NR 41 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1021/jf052108+ PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 006AL UT WOS:000234867400048 PM 16417325 ER PT J AU Donato, DC Fontaine, JB Campbell, JL Robinson, WD Kauffman, JB Law, BE AF Donato, DC Fontaine, JB Campbell, JL Robinson, WD Kauffman, JB Law, BE TI Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Donato, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dan.donato@oregonstate.edu RI Fontaine, Joseph/M-9186-2013; OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-6515-7864; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 5 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 20 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5759 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1126/science.1122855 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AE UT WOS:000234938500035 PM 16400111 ER PT J AU Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS TI Orisaltata, a new genus of flea beetles from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; new genus; synonymy; Oriental Region AB A new genus, Orisaltata, with the type species Aphthona azurea Jacoby ( the only known species) from the Oriental Region is described and illustrated. Comparative notes and host plant information are provided. Aphthona babai Kimoto is synonymized with Orisaltata azurea. C1 Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Prathapan, KD (reprint author), Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Vellayani PO, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. EM prathapankd@gmail.com; akonstan@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 17 PY 2006 IS 1109 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 003DP UT WOS:000234662100004 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, R Donovan, GA AF Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, R Donovan, GA TI Incidence of subclinical ketosis in cows supplemented with a monensin controlled-release capsule in Holstein cattle, Florida, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE monensin; beta-hydroxybutyrate; subclinical ketosis; transition cows ID TRANSITION DAIRY-COW; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; LACTATING COWS; MILK; METABOLISM; TESTS; GLUCOSE; INVIVO; PLASMA; IMPACT AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a monensin control led-release capsule on the proportion of cows with subclinical ketosis (SK). During July to August 2001, 300 cows dried-off 50-70 days before expected parturition were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n=150, oral capsule, 335 mg/d of monesin for 95 d) or control group (no capsule, n=150). At 14 days postpartum, a milk sample was obtained and evaluated for beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) using a semi-quantitative ketone test strip. In a sub-sample of 50 cows per group a blood sample was taken and analyzed for BHBA using an ELISA kit. Milk BHBA >= 200 mu mol/L was used as the cut-off value for diagnosis of SK. The incidence of SK based on the milk test was statistically different between groups (P <= 0.05) with a value of 26.6% for control and 14.5% for cows treated with monensin, respectively. Cows treated with monensin were 0.68 times less likely to give a positive result for milk BHBA than non-treated cows (0.53-0.80; 95% CI). Serum BHBA concentrations did not differ between groups (0.81 +/- 0.09 mmol/L versus 0.70 +/- 0.07 mmol/L for controls and treated, respectively; P>0.05). However, for each incremental increase in serum BHBA of 0.1 mmol/L occurrence of SK increased 52% (OR=1.52; 1.21-1.91; 95% CI). (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Donovan, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, POB 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM donovana@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 73 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.08.022 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013DN UT WOS:000235389900003 PM 16202461 ER PT J AU Elango, A Shepherd, B Chen, TT AF Elango, A Shepherd, B Chen, TT TI Effects of endocrine disrupters on the expression of growth hormone and prolactin mRNA in the rainbow trout pituitary SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruptor; growth hormone; prolactin; pituitary gland organ culture ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; GONADAL-STEROID HORMONES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AH RECEPTOR; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENE-EXPRESSION; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGEN; OSMOREGULATORY ACTIONS AB It is now widely accepted that chemical pollutants in the environment can interfere with the endocrine system of animals, thus affecting development and reproduction. Some of these endocrine disrupters (EDs) can have estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Most studies to date have focused on the effects of EDs on the reproductive system and sex hormones and only limited information exists on how EDs may affect pituitary gland function. A rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary gland culture system was used for studying the effects of EDs on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) mRNA expression. We determined that the pituitary glands actively synthesized and secreted GH and PRL over the experimental time-course. In addition, we found that treatment with 17 beta-estradiol (positive control) increased levels of GH and PRL mRNA, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of pituitary glands with 500 and 1000 nM of a xenoestrogen, o,p'-DDT (o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), resulted in a significant induction of GH and PRL mRNA, with a 20-fold increase for PRL and 3-fold increase for GH following treatment with 1000nM o,p'-DDT. Co-incubation of pituitary glands with ICI 182 780 (a selective estrogen receptor antagonist) and o,p'-DDT resulted in inhibition of PRL mRNA levels; however, the stimulatory effect of DDT on GH mRNA was not seen in this experiment, nor was the inhibitory effect of ICI 182 780 observed with GH mRNA. To the contrary, ICI 182 780 (2.5nM) had a stimulatory effect on GH mRNA levels. TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), which is known to exert antiestrogenic effects, had an estrogenic-like effect that resulted in a concentration-dependant increase in the levels of GH and PRL mRNA. Co-incubation of pituitaries with TCDD and alpha-napthoflavone (ANF), which is an inhibitor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), caused an inhibition of TCDD-induced PRL mRNA at the higher and lower concentrations, but these effects were less consistent on GH mRNA levels. However, the responses of PRL and GH mRNA to co-incubation with TCDD and ANF, at the various concentrations, were bi-phasic wherein stimulation was seen at the low concentrations and inhibition at the high concentrations. Combined, these results suggest that o,p'-DDT and TCDD are xenoestrogens and that their effects on the expression of GH and PRL genes in the rainbow trout pituitary are modulated, in part, through the ER and AhR, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Chen, TT (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Thomas.Chen@uconn.edu NR 88 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.08.003 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 002MX UT WOS:000234616700002 PM 16188257 ER PT J AU Kenney, SJ Anderson, GL Williams, PL Millner, PD Beuchat, LR AF Kenney, SJ Anderson, GL Williams, PL Millner, PD Beuchat, LR TI Migration of Caenorhabditis elegans to manure and manure compost and potential for transport of Salmonella newport to fruits and vegetables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella newport; nematode; Caenorhabditis elegans; manure; compost; fruit; vegetable ID FREE-LIVING NEMATODE; FOODBORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SOIL; SANITIZERS; PROTECTION; SURVIVAL; POONA AB A study was done to determine if a free-living, bacterivorous nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, migrates to bovine manure, turkey manure, composted bovine manure, composted turkey manure, and manure-amended soil inoculated with Salmonella Newport. Movement of the worm to lettuce, strawberries, and carrots was also studied. C. elegans moved most rapidly to turkey manure and strawberries, with 35% and 60% of worms, respectively, associating with samples within 30 min. Survival and reproduction of C elegans in test materials were not affected by the presence of S. newport. Bovine manure and bovine manure compost inoculated with S. newport (8.6 log(10) CFU/g) were separately placed in the bottom of a glass jar and covered with a layer of soil (5 cm) inoculated (50 worms/g) or not inoculated with C elegans. A piece of lettuce, strawberry, or carrot was placed on top of the soil before jars were sealed and held at 20 degrees C for up to 10 days. In the system using soil inoculated with C elegans, S. newport initially in bovine manure was detected on the surface of lettuce, strawberry, and carrot samples within 3, 1, and I days, respectively. The pathogen was detected on lettuce, strawberry, and carrot within 1, 7, and 1 days, respectively, when initially present in bovine manure compost. With one exception, the pathogen was not detected on the produce over the 10-day incubation period when C elegans was not present in the soil. Results indicate that C elegans has the potential for transporting S. newport in soil to the surface of preharvest fruits and vegetables in contact with soil. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, BA, ANRI, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beuchat, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM lbeuchat@uga.edu NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.05.011 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 004CW UT WOS:000234730600007 PM 16226330 ER PT J AU Hawkins, MG Crossley, BM Osofsky, A Webby, RJ Lee, CW Suarez, DL Hietala, SK AF Hawkins, MG Crossley, BM Osofsky, A Webby, RJ Lee, CW Suarez, DL Hietala, SK TI Avian influenza A virus subtype H5N2 in a red-lored Amazon parrot SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLEAVAGE SITE; UNITED-STATES; PCR ASSAY; HONG-KONG; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS; OUTBREAK; BIRDS AB Case Description-A 3-month-old red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis autumnalis) was evaluated for severe lethargy. Clinical Findings-Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin subtype H5N2 with low pathogenicity was characterized by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay, chicken intravenous pathogenicity index, and reference sera. The virus was also determined to be closely related to a virus lineage that had been reported only in Mexico and Central America. Treatment and Outcome-The chick was admitted to the hospital and placed in quarantine. Supportive care treatment was administered. Although detection of H5 avian influenza virus in birds in the United States typically results in euthanasia of infected birds, an alternative strategy with strict quarantine measures and repeated diagnostic testing was used. The chick recovered from the initial clinical signs after 4 days and was released from quarantine 9 weeks after initial evaluation after 2 consecutive negative virus isolation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay results. Clinical Relevance-To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of H5N2 avian influenza A virus isolated from a psittacine bird and represents the first introduction of this virus into the United States, most likely by illegal importation of psittacine birds. Avian influenza A virus should be considered as a differential diagnosis for clinical signs of gastrointestinal tract disease in psittacine birds, especially in birds with an unknown history of origin. Although infection with avian influenza virus subtype H5 is reportable, destruction of birds is not always required. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Hawkins, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.2460/javma.228.2.236 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 004RZ UT WOS:000234771200023 PM 16426196 ER PT J AU Ince, MN Elliott, DE Setiawan, T Blum, A Metwali, A Wang, Y Urban, JF Weinstock, JV AF Ince, MN Elliott, DE Setiawan, T Blum, A Metwali, A Wang, Y Urban, JF Weinstock, JV TI Cutting edge: Heligmosomoides polygyrus induces TLR4 on murine mucosal T cells that produce TGF beta after lipopolysaccharide stimulation SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; CROHNS-DISEASE; MICE; EXPRESSION AB Helminths are immune modulators that down-regulate colitis in inflammatory bowel disease. In animal models, intestinal bacteria drive colitis and in humans certain alleles of the LPS receptor protein TLR4 increase inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. To understand helminthic immune modulation in the gut, we studied the influence of intestinal Heligmosomoides polygyrus colonization on LPS-induced lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) cytokine responses in mice. LPS did not stimulate TGF beta production from LPMC of uninfected mice. LPS strongly induced LPMC from worm-infected animals to secrete TGF beta, but not TNF-alpha or IL-12. The TGF beta derivedfrom mucosal T cells. Helminth infection up-regulated TLR4 expression only in lamina propria T cells. LPMC from worm-infected TLR4 mutant animals did not respond to LPS, suggesting that LPS required TLR4 to stimulate TGF beta secretion. Thus, during helminth infection, LPS challenge induces mucosal T cells to make TGF beta through a TLR4-dependent process without promoting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. C1 Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, ARS, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ince, MN (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 4544 JCP,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM m-nedim-ince@uiowa.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07663, DK25295, DK38327, DK58755] NR 25 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 2 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 001RK UT WOS:000234553800008 PM 16393954 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Luthria, DL Robbins, RJ AF Mukhopadhyay, S Luthria, DL Robbins, RJ TI Optimization of extraction process for phenolic acids from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) by pressurized liquid extraction SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE total phenolics; phenolic acids; black cohosh; Gimicifuga racemosa; pressurized liquid extraction; sample preparation; solvent composition; solid-to-solvent ratio; particle size distribution; Folin-Ciocalteu; HPLC; LC-MS ID EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SAMPLE PREPARATION; TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES; VEGETABLES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYPHENOLS; SEPARATION; SOLVENT; FRUITS AB An investigation to optimize the extraction of phenolic acids from black cohosh using a pressurized liquid extractor system was studied with the aim of developing a generalized approach for sample preparation of phenolic compounds from plant matrices. Operating parameters such as solvent composition, solid-to-solvent ratio, temperature, particle size distribution, and number of extraction cycles were identified as main variables that influence extraction efficiency. A mixture of methanol and water (60:40 v/v) was found to be the best solvent for total phenolics (TP) and individual phenolic acids. The four phenolic acids extracted from black cohosh were identified by HPLC and LC-MS as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and isoferulic acid. Over 96% of the measured phenolics were extracted in first two cycles. The extraction efficiency for black cohosh with MeOH:H2O (60:40 v/v) was found to be maximum at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 80mg ml(-1). TP content of the extract was found to increase with temperature up to 90 degrees C. Particle size was found to have a large impact on extraction efficiency of TP. Samples with particle size between 0.25 mm. and 0.425 mm. provided optimum extraction of phenolics from black cohosh. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), BARC E, Room 202 B,Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Osorio Tobon, Juan Felipe/G-6877-2012 NR 29 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2326 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 994DQ UT WOS:000234011100021 ER PT J AU Harp, JA Waters, TE Goff, JP Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ AF Harp, JA Waters, TE Goff, JP Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ TI Expression of lymphocyte homing and adhesion molecules during intramammary infection of cows with Serratia marcescens or Streptococcus uberis: Correlation with bacterial colonization and clinical signs SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; adhesion molecules; homing receptors; lymphocytes; Serratia; Streptococcus ID PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-CATTLE; T-CELL ACTIVATION; MAMMARY-GLAND; BOVINE; RECEPTOR; MASTITIS; BLOOD; CD44; MILK; LFA-1 AB We wished to determine the expression of trafficking/adhesion molecules on the surface of lymphocytes isolated from infected mammary glands of cows challenged with either Serratia marcescens or Staphylococcus uberis. Healthy Holstein cows in mid lactation were infected by intramammary infusion with S. marcescens or S. uberis. Following infection, milk samples were collected at various time points. Body temperatures of the cows were taken, and milk was analyzed for colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria and somatic cell counts (SCC). Leukocytes were isolated from the milk and analyzed by flow cytometry. Percentages and types of lymphocytes were determined as well as expression of CD62L, CD11a, LPAM-1 and CD44 on these cells. We found that the percentage of lymphocytes expressing either CD62L or CD11a showed a marked increase 12 h post infection (PI) with S. marcescens that was not seen in cows infected with S. uberis. Conversely, the percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD44 increased in cows infected with S. uberis at 12 h PI, but the increase was not seen in cows infected with S. marcescens. Expression of LPAM-1 was low at all time points in both groups of cows. Body temperatures became elevated in both groups of cows, peaking at 24 h PI in S. marcescens-infected cows and dropping thereafter. In contrast, temperatures of S. uberis-infected cows continued to rise and were still elevated 96 h PI. CFU of bacteria isolated from mammary glands of S. marcescens-infected cows dropped precipitously 24 h PI but continued at high levels in S. uberis-infected cows. SCC began falling in S. marcescens-infected cows 48 h PI but continued to increase in S. uberis-infected cows. Thus, a greater percentage of lymphocytes in milk had a phenotype consistent with recruitment from the peripheral pool following infection with S. marcescens than was seen following infection with S. uberis. Concurrent with the increases seen in percentages of this lymphocyte phenotype, clinical signs lessened in the S. marcescens-infected cows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harp, JA (reprint author), ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jharp@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.06.018 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 002LR UT WOS:000234613500002 PM 16112747 ER PT J AU Crippen, TL AF Crippen, TL TI The selective inhibition of nitric oxide production in the avian macrophage cell line HD11 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; signal transduction; chicken; HD11 macrophages ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ACID PHENETHYL ESTER; NF-KAPPA-B; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION; CHICKEN MACROPHAGES; MOLECULAR-PATTERNS; TYROSINE KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE GENE AB The production of reactive nitrogen, nitric oxide (NO), has previously been demonstrated to be a major mechanism by which the innate immune system defends against microbial invasion. The induction of many antimicrobial mechanisms is regulated by numerous components during the transduction of the signal from the cell surface to the cell nucleus where response genes are upregulated. Toll-like cell surface receptor activation often leads to sequential modulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), degradation of I kappa B (I kappa B) regulatory molecules which, in turn, release the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) family proteins for translocation into the nucleus and subsequent gene transcription. The purpose of this study was to investigate components of the upstream signal transduction pathway induced by bacterial and viral-like stimulation of NO for antimicrobial defense by the transformed chicken macrophage cell line, HD11. We quantified the production of nitrite by chicken macrophages after exposure to selective pharmacological inhibitors of specific signal transduction components prior to stimulation by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), formalin-fixed Enterococcus gallinarum (EG) or formalin-fixed Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). We found that NO production induced by dsRNA or bacteria was reduced in a dose dependent manner by specific inhibitors of PTK, p38 MAPK, I kappa B, and NF-kappa B. Inhibition efficacy varied dependent on stimulation by bacterial or viral-like ligands. In general, NO production induced by bacterial stimulation was most effectively reduced by inhibition of p38 MAPK and least effectively reduced by inhibition Of I kappa B. NF-kappa B and I kappa B inhibition affected NO production induced by dsRNA more than that induced by bacterial stimulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Area Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 FandB Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM crippen@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.08.024 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 002LR UT WOS:000234613500013 PM 16214221 ER PT J AU Hauer, PJ Yeary, TJ Rosenbusch, RF AF Hauer, PJ Yeary, TJ Rosenbusch, RF TI Evidence of the protective immunogenicity of native and recombinant Clostridium haemolyticum phospholipase C (beta toxin) in guinea pigs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium haemolyticum; phospholipase C; beta toxin; protective immunity; vaccination ID ALPHA-TOXIN; PERFRINGENS; CLONING; GENE AB The immunogenic effects of the beta toxin of Clostridium haemolyticum were investigated in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs passively immunized with toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were protected from a 100 LD50 spore challenge that was lethal to nonvaccinated controls. Guinea pigs actively immunized with varying doses of immunoaffinity-purified native beta toxin were similarly protected. In a third experiment, a recombinant toxoid was prepared from E. coli expressing the beta toxin gene. Guinea pigs immunized three times with recombinant toxoid also were protected against challenge. In each experiment, protection was correlated to the presence of anti-beta toxin antibodies in the serum. Taken together, these results indicate that a neutralizing antibody response to the beta toxin is a key component of protective immunity to C. haemolyticum in guinea pigs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, 510 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Paul.J.Hauer@aphis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.101 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 004UM UT WOS:000234777800003 PM 16140435 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Burba, GG Davis, KJ Flanagan, LB Katul, GG Munger, JW Ricciuto, DM Stoy, PC Suyker, AE Verma, SB Wofsy, SC AF Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Burba, GG Davis, KJ Flanagan, LB Katul, GG Munger, JW Ricciuto, DM Stoy, PC Suyker, AE Verma, SB Wofsy, SC TI A multi-site analysis of random error in tower-based measurements of carbon and energy fluxes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; carbon; data assimilation; eddy covariance; flux; measurement error; random error; uncertainty ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; AGED PINE FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE; LONG-TERM; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CANOPY SUBLAYER; RAIN-FOREST AB Measured surface-atmosphere fluxes of energy (sensible heat, H, and latent heat, LE) and CO2 (FCO2) represent the "true" flux plus or minus potential random and systematic measurement errors. Here, we use data from seven sites in the AmeriFlux network, including five forested sites (two of which include "tall tower" instrumentation), one grassland site, and one agricultural site, to conduct a cross-site analysis of random flux error. Quantification of this uncertainty is a prerequisite to model-data synthesis (data assimilation) and for defining confidence intervals on annual sums of net ecosystem exchange or making statistically valid comparisons between measurements and model predictions. We differenced paired observations (separated by exactly 24 h, under similar environmental conditions) to infer the characteristics of the random error in measured fluxes. Random flux error more closely follows a double-exponential (Laplace), rather than a normal (Gaussian), distribution, and increase as a linear function of the magnitude of the flux for all three scalar fluxes. Across sites, variation in the random error follows consistent and robust patterns in relation to environmental variables. For example, seasonal differences in the random error for H are small, in contrast to both LE and FCO2, for which the random errors are roughly three-fold larger at the peak of the growing season compared to the dormant season. Random errors also generally scale with R-n (H and LE) and PPFD (FCO2). For FCO2 (but not H or LE), the random error decreases with increasing wind speed. Data from two sites suggest that FCO2 random error may be slightly smaller when a closed-path, rather than open-path, gas analyzer is used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. LI COR Biosci Inc, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Burba, George/G-9991-2014 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057 NR 46 TC 255 Z9 267 U1 8 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.01.007 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031EQ UT WOS:000236687300001 ER PT J AU Dobermann, A Walters, DT Baker, JM AF Dobermann, A Walters, DT Baker, JM TI Comment on "Carbon budget of mature no-till ecosystem in North Central Region of the United States" SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; GERMANY C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dobermann, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, POB 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM adobermann2@unl.edu; dwalters1@unl.edu; jbaker@umn.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.agrfonnet.2005.11.020 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 031EQ UT WOS:000236687300007 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S AF Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S TI Influence of sample preparation on assay of phenolic acids from eggplant SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE eggplant; Solanum melongena L.; sample preparation; extraction procedures; phenolic acids; Folin-Ciocalteu; HPLC; solvent composition; hydrolysis ID SOLANUM-MELONGENA; ARRAY DETECTION; VEGETABLES; FRUIT; EXTRACTION; FOODS AB Sample preparation is often overlooked and is frequently considered as "a means to an end". This systematic study with a phenolic-enriched substrate, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), was undertaken to evaluate the substantial variations in the extraction techniques, solvents, and parameters as described in the published literature. Direct comparison of over 10 extraction procedures or conditions was performed to show the importance and influence of sample preparation on the assay of phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid (CA) was the most abundant phenolic acid accounting for > 75% of the total phenolic acids content extracted from the eggplant sample. Optimum extraction of CA and total phenolics (TP) from Black Bell cultivar of eggplant were obtained when extractions were performed with a mixture of MeOH/H2O at a ratio of 80:20% v/v using a pressurized liquid extractor (PLE) at 100 degrees C. The amount of CA and TP extracted from eggplant by the previously reported procedures using a wrist shaker, rotary shaker, stirring, sonication, or reflux with different extraction solvents (acetone or varying composition of MeOH/H2O solvent mixtures) varied significantly between 5 and 95% as compared to PLE. The predominant phenolic acids in the free phenolic acid fraction of Black Beauty cultivar of eggplant were CA isomers. However, caffeic acid isomers were the major phenolic acids extracted from the base-hydrolyzed fraction. The total amount of caffeic acid extracted from the Italian Neon cultivar was more that twice that of four other eggplant cultivars (Orient Express, Calliope Zebra Stripe, Orient Charm Neon, and Black Beauty). C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, BARCE, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Room 202 B,Bldg 161, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1021/jf0522457 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 001WH UT WOS:000234572900006 PM 16390175 ER PT J AU Kirakosyan, A Kaufman, P Nelson, RL Kasperbauer, MJ Duke, JA Seymour, E Chang, SC Warber, S Bolling, S AF Kirakosyan, A Kaufman, P Nelson, RL Kasperbauer, MJ Duke, JA Seymour, E Chang, SC Warber, S Bolling, S TI Isoflavone levels in five soybean (Glycine max) genotypes are altered by phytochrome-mediated light treatments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; soybean; isoflavones; red/far-red-mediated phytochrome reactions ID ARABIDOPSIS; SOIL; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOPERIOD; METABOLISM; LYCOPENE; TOMATO; ROOTS AB The objective of the present study was to determine whether concentrations of different isoflavones (puerarin, genistein, genistin, daidzein, and daidzin) in shoots and roots of five selected soybean genotypes would respond the same or differently to red (650 nm peak transmittance) and far-red (750 nm peak transmittance) light treatments given under controlled environments. Levels of isoflavones (mg g(-1) dry weight biomass) present in seeds, control roots, and shoots and 10 day light-treated seedlings (light, dark, red, and far-red wavelengths) of soybean (Glycine max) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in comparison with known isoflavone standards. Seeds of the five soybean genotypes studied consistently stored most of their isoflavones as glucosyl conjugates (e.g., daidzin, genistin, and puerarin). For the five soybean genotypes, isoflavone levels were lower in the seeds as compared with roots plus shoots of control, time zero (first true leaf stage) seedlings. Following 10 days of the respective light treatments, we found that (i) isoflavone levels were enhanced in dark-grown plants over light-grown plants for three of the five genotypes (a new finding) and the reverse occurred for a single genotype (a typical response of legumes) and (ii) generally, far-red end of day (EOD) light treatment enhanced total isoflavone levels in roots plus shoots over red EOD light treatment. Results from the present study show that phytochrome does appear to play a role in regulating isoflavone levels in developing soybean seedlings and that this influence by red/far-red-mediated phytochrome reactions is strongly dependent on the genotypes selected for study. C1 Univ Michigan, MIM, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Soybean Maize Germplasm,Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Herbal Vineyard, Fulton, MD 20759 USA. Yonsei Univ, Univ Coll, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Kirakosyan, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, MIM, 580 Union Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1021/jf052458w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 001WH UT WOS:000234572900008 PM 16390177 ER PT J AU Trabue, SL Palmquist, DE Lydick, TM Singles, SK AF Trabue, SL Palmquist, DE Lydick, TM Singles, SK TI Effects of soil storage on the microbial community and degradation of metsulfuron-methyl SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE storage; biomass; microbial community; pesticide; metsulfuron-methyl; half-life; degradation pathway ID METHIDATHION DEGRADATION; DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY; CLAY-MINERALS; BIOMASS; SORPTION; BACTERIAL; FATE; TRANSFORMATION AB The effect storage had on the microbial biomass in two soils (Trevino and Fargo) was compared to the effect storage had on each soil's capacity to degrade metsulfuron-methyl. Soils were collected from the field and used fresh (< 3 weeks old) or stored at 20 and 4 degrees C for 3 or 6 months. The phospholipid fatty acid content of the soils was used to monitor changes in the microbial biomass during storage and incubation in a flow-through apparatus. In both soils, [phenyl-U-C-14]metsulfuron-methyl was used to monitor changes in the route and rate of degradation along with (CO2)-C-14 evolution (mineralization). Total microbial biomasses in both soils were significantly reduced for soils incubated in the flow-through apparatus, whereas only the Trevino soil's microbial biomass was significantly reduced as a result of storage. The microbial communities of both soils were significantly different as a result of storage as shown by discriminant analysis. In both soils, degradation rate, pathway of degradation, and mineralization of metsulfuron-methyl were significantly affected by storage compared to fresh soil. The half-life of metsulfuron-methyl increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the Trevino soil from 45 days (fresh) to 63 days (stored soil), whereas in the Fargo soil half-lives increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 23 days (fresh) to 29 days (soils stored for 6 months). In both soils, mineralization of [C-14]metsulfuron-methyl was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fresh soils compared to stored soils. The degradation pathways of metsulfuron-methyl changed with storage as evidenced by the loss of formation of one biologically derived metabolite (degradate) in stored soils compared to fresh soils. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Publ Hlth Lab, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Crop Protect, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Global Technol Div, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Trabue, SL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trabue@nsric.ars.usda.gov OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1021/jf0512048 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 001WH UT WOS:000234572900022 PM 16390191 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Guo, MX Yates, SR AF Wang, QQ Guo, MX Yates, SR TI Degradation kinetics of manure-derived sulfadimethoxine in amended soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sulfadimethoxine; sulfonamide; antibiotic; degradation; manure; soil ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHICKEN PLASMA; SORPTION; ANTIBIOTICS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; METABOLITES; ENVIRONMENT; TYLOSIN; SULFAMONOMETHOXINE; METRONIDAZOLE AB Spreading of contaminated manure into agricultural lands as fertilizer is one of the major routes through which veterinary antibiotics enter the environment. In this study, the degradation of manure-derived sulfadimethoxine, a widely used veterinary sulfonamide antibiotic, in manure-amended soil was investigated. A kinetic model, called the availability-adjusted first-order model based on the first-order kinetics and an assumption of the availability of target compound during the degradation process, was developed and was found to fit sulfadimethoxine degradation well. The effect of initial sulfadimethoxine concentration showed that the degradation rate constant increased with decreasing initial concentration, indicating that the bioactivity of the degrading microorganisms in manure-amended soil was sensitive to sulfadimethoxine concentration. Sulfadimethoxine degradation was accelerated with increasing manure content in amended soil. Degradation in nonamended soil was significantly slower than in manure-amended soil. This indicated that sulfadimethoxine may become more persistent once it reaches soil after leaching from manure and that storage of manure for a certain period before application is needed to diminish sulfadimethoxine contamination. Sulfadimethoxine degradation was effectively enhanced with increasing moisture of amended soil. No adverse effect was observed with manure storage on the degradation of manure-derived sulfadimethoxine in amended soil. C1 USDA, ARS, George G Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. RP Wang, QQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, George G Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM qwang@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1021/jf052216w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 001WH UT WOS:000234572900024 PM 16390193 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ AF Accinelli, C Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ TI Influence of Cry1Ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of glyphosate in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; Cry toxins; Cry1Ac; herbicide sorption; herbicide mineralization; genetically modified crops ID THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; CLAY-MINERALS; BT CORN; ADSORPTION; PROTEIN; RESIDUES; ATRAZINE AB The impact of transgenic plants containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin on soil processes has received recent attention. In these studies, we examined the influence of the lepidopterean Bt Cry1Ac toxin on mineralization and bioavailability of the herbicide glyphosate in two different soils. The addition of 0.25-1.0 mu g g(-1) soil of purified Cry1Ac toxin did not significantly affect glyphosate mineralization and sorption in either a sandy loam or a sandy soil. In contrast, extractable glyphosate decreased over the 28 day incubation period in both soils. Our findings suggest that the reduction in the bioavailabily of glyphosate was not influenced by the presence of Cry1Ac toxin but rather the results of aging or sorption processes. Results from this investigation suggest that the presence of moderate concentrations of Bt-derived Cry1Ac toxin would have no appreciable impact on processes controlling the fate of glyphosate in soils. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Soil & Water Environm Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soils, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Climate & Biotechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci Sci & Technol, Viale Fanin 44, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM accinel@agrsci.unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1021/jf052252v PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 001WH UT WOS:000234572900025 PM 16390194 ER PT J AU Sampson, DA Waring, RH Maier, CA Gough, CM Ducey, MJ Johnsen, KH AF Sampson, DA Waring, RH Maier, CA Gough, CM Ducey, MJ Johnsen, KH TI Fertilization effects on forest carbon storage and exchange, and net primary production: A new hybrid process model tor stand management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem productivity; Pinus taeda; LAI; loblolly pine; fertilization; stand development; process models ID TAEDA L. PLANTATIONS; SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; CAROLINA COASTAL-PLAIN; PONDEROSA PINE; SLASH PINE; LEAF-AREA; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; GROWTH-RESPONSES; ROOT RESPIRATION AB A critical ecological question in plantation management is whether fertilization, which generally increases yield, results in enhanced C sequestration over short rotations. We present a rotation-length hybrid process model (SECRETS-3PG) that was calibrated (using control treatments; CW) and verified (using fertilized treatments; FW) using daily estimates of H(2)O and CO(2) fluxes,canopy leaf area index (L), and annual estimates of tree growth and dimension. Herein, we focus on two decades of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and establishment for stands growing on a nutrient poor, droughty soil (SETRES; Southeast Tree Research and Education Site) in North Carolina, USA, on a site previously occupied by a similar to 30-year-old natural long-leaf pine (P. palustris Mill.) stand. The SECRETS-3PG model combines: (1) a detailed canopy process model with hourly and daily resolution, (2) a biometrically accurate tree and stand growth module for monthly allocation, 3-PG, and (3) empirical models of soil CO(2) efflux (R(s)). Simulated L, quadratic mean tree diameter, and total standing biomass all tracked field measurements over a 10-year period. Simulated maintenance respiration, canopy transpiration, and Rs mirrored, with minor exceptions, short-term independently acquired data. Model correspondence with the independent measurements provided a basis for making short-term estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and longer-term estimates of net primary production (NPP) over the 20-year period from planting. Simulations suggest that optimum fertilization amendments; (1) increased NEP by more than 10-fold over control - FW (952 g C m(-2) a(-1)) and CW (71 g C m(-2) a(-1)) - at maximum NPP and (2) increased NPP two-fold (1334 and 669 g C m(-2) a(-1) for FW and CW, respectively) at maximum L. Seasonal patterns in NEP suggest that autumn and winter may be critical periods for C uptake in nutrient-limited loblolly pine stands. We conclude that increased L in response to improved nutrition may enable loblolly pine to achieve positive annual NEP earlier in rotation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Sampson, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, 319 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dasampso@vt.edu; Richard.waring@oregonstate.edu; cmaier@fs.fed.us; gough.21@OSU.edu; mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu; kjohnsen@fs.fed.us RI Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014; Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 OI Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664; NR 89 TC 23 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.010 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800009 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Morgan, P Rollins, MG Wright, RG AF Holden, ZA Morgan, P Rollins, MG Wright, RG TI Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ponderosa pine; fire; snag; southwest ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; FOREST STRUCTURE; PATTERNS; ARIZONA; POPULATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; MORTALITY; WILDLIFE AB Fires create and consume snags (standing dead trees), an important structural and ecological component of ponderosa pine forests. The effects of repeated fires on snag densities in ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern USA have not been studied. Line intercept sampling was used to estimate snag densities in areas of the Gila Wilderness that had burned one to three times under Wildland Fire Use for Resource Benefit (WFU), a fire management policy implemented since 1974 aimed at restoring natural fire regimes. Twenty randomly located transects were measured in areas burned since 1946; six in once-burned areas, six in twice-burned areas and eight in thrice-burned areas. The mean density standard errors of large (> 47.5 cm dbh) snags for areas that burned once, twice and thrice was 7.0 +/- 2.7, 4.4 +/- 1.1 and 4.1 +/- 1.3 snags/ha, respectively. Differences in snag densities between once- and multiple-burned areas were significant (F-test; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in density of large snags between twice- and thrice-burned areas. Proportions of type 1 snags (recently created) were higher in once- and twice-burned areas than in areas that burned three times, likely reflecting high tree mortality and snag recruitment resulting from an initial entry fire. Type 3 snags (charred by previous fire) were more abundant in areas that burned multiple times. The lack of differences in snag densities between areas that burned two and three times suggests that repeated fires leave many snags standing. The increasing proportion of type 3 snags with repeated fires supports this conclusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Foest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Idaho, USGS Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Foest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM zack_holden@hotmail.com NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.014 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800013 ER PT J AU Uzoh, FCC Oliver, WW AF Uzoh, FCC Oliver, WW TI Individual tree height increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using linear mixed effects models SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE height growth; tree-growth modeling; repeated measures analysis; Pinus ponderosa ID REGRESSION-MODELS; GROWTH; VALIDATION; DIAMETER; INDEX AB A height increment model is developed and evaluated for individual trees of ponderosa pine throughout the species range in western United States. The data set used in this study came from long-term permanent research plots in even-aged, pure stands both planted and of natural origin. The data base consists of six levels-of-growing stock studies supplemented by initial spacing and other permanent-plot thinning studies for a total of 310 plots, 34,263 trees and 122,082 observations. Regression analysis is the most commonly used statistical method in forest modeling. However, research studies with repeated measurements are common in forestry and other biological disciplines. We choose the mixed models instead of the regression analysis approach because it allows for proper treatment of error terms in a repeated measures analysis. The model is well behaved and possessed desirable statistical properties. Our goal is to present a single height increment model applicable throughout the geographic range of ponderosa pine in the United States and by using only data from long-term permanent plots on sites capable of the productivity estimated by Meyer [Meyer, W.H., 1938. Yield of Even-aged Stands of Ponderosa Pine. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bull. 630]. Published by Elsevier BV. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Uzoh, FCC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM fuzoh@fs.fed.us; boliver@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.012 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800014 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Rutzmoser, SH Wigley, TB Loehle, C Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Perry, RW Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB AF Mitchell, MS Rutzmoser, SH Wigley, TB Loehle, C Gerwin, JA Keyser, PD Lancia, RA Perry, RW Reynolds, CJ Thill, RE Weih, R White, D Wood, PB TI Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE avian communities; forest management; heterogeneity; landscape; richness; southeastern US ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; BREEDING BIRDS; ROADLESS AREAS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS AB Little is known about factors that structure biodiversity on landscape scales, yet current land management protocols, such as forest certification programs, place an increasing emphasis on managing for sustainable biodiversity at landscape scales. We used a replicated landscape study to evaluate relationships between forest structure and avian diversity at both stand and landscape-levels. We used data on bird communities collected under comparable sampling protocols on four managed forests located across the Southeastern US to develop logistic regression models describing relationships between habitat factors and the distribution of overall richness and richness of selected guilds. Landscape models generated for eight of nine guilds showed a strong relationship between richness and both availability and configuration of landscape features. Diversity of topographic features and heterogeneity of forest structure were primary determinants of avian species richness. Forest heterogeneity, in both age and forest type, were strongly and positively associated with overall avian richness and richness for most guilds. Road density was associated positively but weakly with avian richness. Landscape variables dominated all models generated, but no consistent patterns in metrics or scale were evident. Model fit was strong for neotropical migrants and relatively weak for short-distance migrants and resident species. Our models provide a tool that will allow managers to evaluate and demonstrate quantitatively how management practices affect avian diversity on landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NCASI, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NCASI, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. N Carolina State Museum Nat Sci, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. MeadWestvaco Corp, Rupert, WV 25984 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Hot Springs, AR 71901 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resource Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800015 ER PT J AU Ashton, DT Marks, SB Welsh, HH AF Ashton, DT Marks, SB Welsh, HH TI Evidence of continued effects from timber harvesting on lotic amphibians in redwood forests of northwestern California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; fine sediments; northern California; redwood; timber harvest impacts ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; TAILED FROG; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIVER CONTINUUM; HABITAT; OREGON; HERPETOFAUNA AB We compared species richness and relative abundance of stream-associated amphibians in late-seral redwood forests with those in mid-seral, second-growth forests to examine the continued (as opposed to immediate) effects of timber harvest on amphibian populations. Lacking preharvest data on amphibian abundances for streams in the second-growth stands, we assumed that nearby tributaries transecting late-seral stands with similar topography and flora harbored similar numbers of animals as second-growth stands prior to harvest. The study was conducted in two blocks (ca. 160 km apart) with three matched-pairs of streams per block. The mid-seral forests (treatment, n = 6) ranged from 37 to 60 years postharvest; the late-seral forests (control, n = 6) consisted of unharvested stands. We conducted nocturnal visual encounter surveys to sample for amphibians in spring, summer, and fall, for 2 years, with three repeated visits per season. Environmental factors, including water temperature, air temperature, and fine sediment loads were also recorded. Results indicated that amphibian species richness and relative abundances of lotic amphibians were significantly greater in the late-seral forest streams compared with streams transecting mid-seral forests. Water and air temperatures were similar in both forest types, but streams in mid-seral forests had greater amounts of fine sediments compared with the streams in the late-seral forests. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, PSW Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Ashton, DT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PSW Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM dashton@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.015 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 006GF UT WOS:000234883800017 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Fisher, DS Steiner, JL AF Endale, DM Fisher, DS Steiner, JL TI Hydrology of a zero-order Southern Piedmont watershed through 45 years of changing agricultural land use. Part 1. Monthly and seasonal rainfall-runoff relationships SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental watershed; monthly rainfall; monthly runoff; rainfall-runoff modeling ID KUDZU AB Few studies have reported runoff from small agricultural watersheds over sufficiently long period so that the effect of different cover types on runoff can be examined. We analyzed 45-yrs of monthly and annual rainfall-runoff characteristics of a small (7.8 ha) zero-order typical Southern Piedmont watershed in southeastern United States. Agricultural land use varied as follows: 1. Row cropping (5-yrs); 2. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata; 5-yrs); 3. Grazed kudzu and rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus; 7-yrs); and 4. Grazed bermudagrass and winter annuals (Cynodon dactylon; 28-yrs). Land use and rainfall variability influenced runoff characteristics. Row cropping produced the largest runoff amount, percentage of the rainfall partitioned into runoff, and peak flow rates. Kudzu reduced spring runoff and almost eliminated summer runoff, as did a mixture of kudzu and rescuegrass (KR) compared to row cropping. Peak flow rates were also reduced during the kudzu and KR. Peak flow rates increased under bermudagrass but were lower than during row cropping. A simple process-based 'tanh' model modified to take the previous month's rainfall into account produced monthly rainfall and runoff correlations with coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.74. The model was tested on independent data collected during drought. Mean monthly runoff was 1.65 times the observed runoff. Sustained hydrologic monitoring is essential to understanding long-term rainfall-runoff relationships in agricultural watersheds. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM dendale@uga.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 316 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 997VC UT WOS:000234275900001 ER PT J AU Sacks, EJ Schmit, V McNally, KL Cruz, MTS AF Sacks, EJ Schmit, V McNally, KL Cruz, MTS TI Fertility in an interspecific rice population and its effect on selection for rhizome length SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE perennial upland rice; Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata; interspecific crosses; crossability; intermating; fertility; introgression; rhizome ID CROSSABILITY; BARTHII; WHEAT AB Fertility barriers, which are common in many wide crosses, can hinder efforts to introgress genes. In this stud, we examined an intermated Oryza sativalOtyza longistandnata population and assessed how fertility barriers affected selection for long rhizomes, a polygenic trait. Rhizomes are typical of O. longistaminata but not found in O. sativa. In the intermate population, we observed that pollen-fertility and self-fertility were generally low but exceptional individuals of high fertility were found in nearly all generations. About 1/5th of the genotypic variation for self-fertility was accounted for by pollen-fertility, based on a significant linear regression. Intermating improved self-fertility more than backcrossing for one generation. Heritability estimates via parent-offspring regression were 17 +/- 7% for pollen-fertility and 39 +/- 9% for self-fertility. The data indicated that many genes contributed to the fertility barriers. Individuals with relatively high fertility or long rhizomes (> 8 cm) were observed infrequently in the intermated population, and there was no evidence of association between low fertility and presence of long rhizomes. By evaluating a large population, we were able to obtain a few rare recombinants that had both self-fertility greater than 10% and long rhizomes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Plant Breeding Genet & Biochem Div, Manila, Philippines. RP Sacks, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM erik_sacks@lycos.com OI McNally, Kenneth/0000-0002-9613-5537 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 8 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.026 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 987KL UT WOS:000233516700003 ER PT J AU Sacks, EJ Dhanapala, MP Tao, DY Cruz, MTS Sallan, R AF Sacks, EJ Dhanapala, MP Tao, DY Cruz, MTS Sallan, R TI Breeding for perennial growth and fertility in an Oryza sativa O longistaminata population SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE perennial upland rice; Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata; interspecific crosses; clonal performance; rhizome; fertility ID RICE; SORGHUM AB The development of perennial cultivars (CVs) of upland rice would give farmers a new tool to reduce soil erosion from hilly fields, thereby mitigating a problem of regional concern in Southeast Asia. Oryza longistaminata is an undomesticated, perennial, rhizomatous relative of domesticated Asian rice (Oryza sativa). Using five sets of 4 x 2 factorial mating designs, we crossed rhizomatous interspecific genotypes (lGs) from an interniated 0. sativaffi. longistandnata population with male-fertile IG selections from the intermated population, and with O. sativa CVs. Parents and progeny were planted in an upland field at IRRI using a randomized complete block design and evaluated for rhizome expression, survival after 1 year, vigor of the survivors, and yield. For the IG parents, rhizome expression was variable and penetrance of most genotypes was incomplete, but genotypes that demonstrated the potential for moderate rhizome expression had high penetrance (89% average). The CV parents yielded 11.0 g/plant on average but none produced rhizomes or survived I year. The IG parents averaged yields of 3.1 g/plant, 57% rhizonnatous and 36% survival. The IG/IG progeny averaged yields of 4.2 g/plant, 32% rhizomatous and 37% survival. The IG/CV progeny averaged yields of 6.0 g/plant, 18% rhizomatous and 16% survival. Nine IGAG progeny and six IG/CV progeny were rhizomatous, perennial, and yielded at least 5 g/plant, and five of these yielded more than 10 g/plant. For the IG parents and IG/IG progeny, rhizome presence and expression were positively associated with survival and vigor of the survivors. General combining ability effects were significant for percent survival and yield but not percent rhizomatous. Specific combining ability effects were significant for percent rhizomatous, percent survival and yield. By selecting female parents for long rhizomes and male parents for fertility, considerable gains in rhizome expression, survival and yield were made. The development of perennial upland rice CVs should be feasible via introgression of genes from O. longistaminata. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Plant Breeding Genet & Biochem Div, Manila, Philippines. Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Food Crops, Kunming 650205, Peoples R China. RP Sacks, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM erik_sacks@lycos.com NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 8 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.021 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 987KL UT WOS:000233516700004 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Jung, HJG AF Casler, MD Jung, HJG TI Relationships of fibre, lignin, and phenolics to in vitro fibre digestibility in three perennial grasses SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smooth bromegrass; cocksfoot; reed canarygrass; lignin; ferulate; p-coumarate ID SMOOTH BROMEGRASS CLONES; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; FORAGE CELL-WALLS; KLASON LIGNIN; ANIMAL NUTRITION; DIETARY FIBER; DRY-MATTER; SELECTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; RESIDUES AB Livestock performance can be improved by increasing the digestibility of feeds, one of the key elements of nutritional quality. Digestibility of feeds can be improved by breeding forage crops with modified cell-wall structure, increasing the potential availability of energy from the cell wall to rumen microbes and livestock. The objectives of this research were to identify interrelationships among lignin and phenolic components of the fibre fraction of three perennial grasses and to determine their influence on in vitro fibre digestibility. Differences in etherified and esterified ferulate and esterified p-coumarate among clones of three perennial grasses were generally repeatable across harvests. The concentration of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and Klason lignin within the NDF fraction were the factors most limiting to 24-h in vitro digestibility, with NDF being the most important. Klason lignin and etherified ferulate were the factors most limiting to 96-h in vitro digestibility for all three species. Due to its positive correlation with NDF, selection for low etherified ferulate should be avoided in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and cockfsoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). It should be possible to select and breed for low concentrations of lignin to improve digestibility without decreasing NDF in these two species. However, in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), both lignin and etherified ferulate were positively correlated with NDF, indicating that selection for increased digestibility should be based directly on some measure of in vitro digestibility to avoid the fitness problems associated with reduced NDF. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@wisc.edu NR 26 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.015 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 000OX UT WOS:000234472800012 ER PT J AU Matukumalli, LK Grefenstette, JJ Hyten, DL Choi, IY Cregan, PB Van Tassell, CP AF Matukumalli, LK Grefenstette, JJ Hyten, DL Choi, IY Cregan, PB Van Tassell, CP TI Application of machine learning in SNP discovery SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SEQUENCE TAG DATA; HUMAN GENOME; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION AB Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) constitute more than 90% of the genetic variation, and hence can account for most trait differences among individuals in a given species. Polymorphism detection software PolyBayes and PolyPhred give high false positive SNP predictions even with stringent parameter values. We developed a machine learning (ML) method to augment PolyBayes to improve its prediction accuracy. ML methods have also been successfully applied to other bioinformatics problems in predicting genes, promoters, transcription factor binding sites and protein structures. Results: The ML program C4.5 was applied to a set of features in order to build a SNP classifier from training data based on human expert decisions (True/False). The training data were 27,275 candidate SNP generated by sequencing 1973 STS (sequence tag sites) (12 Mb) in both directions from 6 diverse homozygous soybean cultivars and PolyBayes analysis. Test data of 18,390 candidate SNP were generated similarly from 1359 additional STS (8 Mb). SNP from both sets were classified by experts. After training the ML classifier, it agreed with the experts on 97.3% of test data compared with 7.8% agreement between PolyBayes and experts. The PolyBayes positive predictive values (PPV) (i.e., fraction of candidate SNP being real) were 7.8% for all predictions and 16.7% for those with 100% posterior probability of being real. Using ML improved the PPV to 84.8%, a 5- to 10-fold increase. While both ML and PolyBayes produced a similar number of true positives, the ML program generated only 249 false positives as compared to 16,955 for PolyBayes. The complexity of the soybean genome may have contributed to high false SNP predictions by PolyBayes and hence results may differ for other genomes. Conclusion: A machine learning (ML) method was developed as a supplementary feature to the polymorphism detection software for improving prediction accuracies. The results from this study indicate that a trained ML classifier can significantly reduce human intervention and in this case achieved a 5-10 fold enhanced productivity. The optimized feature set and ML framework can also be applied to all polymorphism discovery software. ML support software is written in Perl and can be easily integrated into an existing SNP discovery pipeline. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Tassell, CP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lmatukum@gmu.edu; jgrefens@gmu.edu; hytend@ba.ars.usda.gov; choii@ba.ars.usda.gov; creganp@ba.ars.usda.gov; curtvt@anri.barc.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 008ZN UT WOS:000235081000001 PM 16398931 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL TI Initiator effects in reactive extrusion of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE starch; polyacrylamide; graft copolymers; reactive extrusion; biopolymers; water-soluble polymers ID UNGRAFTED STARCH; REDOX SYSTEMS; FERRIC SALTS; ACRYLAMIDE; POLYMERIZATION; MONOMERS; ACRYLONITRILE; AMYLOPECTIN; STABILITY; KINETICS AB Starch-polyacrylamide (PAAm) graft copolymers were prepared by reactive extrusion using ammonium persulfate (APS), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), or ferrous ammonium sulfate/hydrogen peroxide (FAS/H2O2) as initiator. The initiator contents, measured as anhydroglucose units per initiator radical (AGU/I), ranged from 70 to 280 AGU/I for CAN and FAS and 70 to 1140 for APS. CAN was not an effective initiator, giving low conversions, low graft content, low grafting efficiencies, and no detectable high molecular weight PAAm. FAS/H2O2 gave conversions of approximately 80%, graft efficiencies of approximately 50%. and PAAm molecular weights from 75,000 to 357,000, depending on the initiator content and starch/AAm ratio. APS gave conversions exceeding 90% with graft efficiencies of approximately 75%. PAAm molecular weights with APS were 575,000 and higher. As the AGU/I ratio increased above 280 for APS, the conversion and graft content decreased whereas the graft efficiency was essentially constant. Initiation with APS gave fewer PAAm grafts of higher molecular weight compared to FAS/H2O2. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1002/app.22170 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 985PR UT WOS:000233390800009 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Bettahar, M AF Bradford, SA Bettahar, M TI Concentration dependent transport of colloids in saturated porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE colloid; transport; concentration; straining; attachment; blocking; liberation ID BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; BED FILTRATION; DEPOSITION; BLOCKING; MODEL; CONTAMINANTS; ATTACHMENT; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; KINETICS AB A series of column experiments was undertaken to explore the influence of colloid input concentration (2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 times a reference concentration), colloid size (negatively charged 3.2 and 1.0 mu m carboxyl latex), and sand grain size (360, 240, and 150 pin quartz sands) on transport and deposition. A similar mass of stable mono-dispersed colloids was added to each column. For a given input concentration, decreasing the sand size and increasing the colloid size resulted in increased mass retention in the sand near the column inlet and lower relative concentrations in the effluent. For a given sand and colloid, increasing the input concentration produced less deposition and higher mass recovery in the effluent, especially for coarser sands and smaller colloids. Results of a time dependent attachment (blocking) and detachment model were not consistent with this behavior because the simulations predicted much less retention near the column inlet and a decreasing number of favorable attachment sites (mass of deposited colloids) with increasing input concentration in a given system (colloid and sand). A time dependent straining model (filling of straining sites) provided a better description of the effluent and deposition data, but still could not account for the observed concentration dependent mass recovery. Alternatively, the straining model was refined to include a liberation term that assumed that straining was hindered at higher concentrations (collision frequencies) due to repulsive colloid (aqueous phase)-colloid (strained) interactions. Simulations that included straining, liberation, attachment, and detachment significantly improved the description of the experimental data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Parsons, Pasadena, CA 91124 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.09.006 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 002NX UT WOS:000234619300006 PM 16290313 ER PT J AU Dansinger, ML Schaefer, EJ AF Dansinger, ML Schaefer, EJ TI Low-fat diets and weight change SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID STYLE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; LIFE-STYLE; REDUCTION; DISEASE; TRIAL C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dansinger, ML (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 750 Washington St,Box 216, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mdansinger@tufts-nemc.org NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1 BP 94 EP 95 DI 10.1001/jama.295.1.94 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 999HT UT WOS:000234381100026 PM 16391222 ER PT S AU Cheng, XM Tao, Y Chen, YR Chen, X AF Cheng, Xuemei Tao, Yang Chen, Yud-Ren Chen, Xin GP IEEE TI Integrated PCA-FLD method for hyperspectral imagery feature extraction and band selection SO 2006 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 06-09, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB An important task in hyperspectral data processing is to reduce the redundancy of the spectral and spatial information without losing any valuable details that are needed for the subsequent detection, discrimination and classification processes. Band selection and combination not only serves as the first step of hyperspectral data processing that leads to a significant reduction of computational complexity, but also a invaluable research tool to identify optimal spectra for different online applications. In this paper, an integrated PCA and Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) method is proposed for hyperspectral feature band selection and combination. Based on tests in a hyperspectral detection application, this new method achieves better performance than other feature extraction and selection methods in terms of robust classification. C1 [Cheng, Xuemei; Tao, Yang; Chen, Xin] Univ Maryland, Dept Bio Res Eng, 142 Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Yud-Ren] USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheng, XM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bio Res Eng, 142 Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-0-7803-9576-3 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2006 BP 1384 EP + PG 2 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFS91 UT WOS:000244446000349 ER PT B AU Giannecchini, S Spina, F Nordgren, B Desruisseaux, M AF Giannecchini, Simone Spina, Francesco Nordgren, Bryce Desruisseaux, Martin GP IEEE TI Supporting interoperable geospatial data fusion by adopting OGC and ISO TC 211 standards SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE geospatial data fusion; interoperability; oge/iso specifications; geospatial services; GIS AB Geospatial data fusion refers to the ability to process (fuse) data from a variety of sources which capture and/or model earth-related phenomena in order to produce added-value information. This paper provides an overview of the latest advancements in standardization for interoperttbility in the geographical information community achieved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). It also provides guidelines and suggestions for designing superior architectures to support geospatial data fusion by employing OGC/ISO specifications. C1 NURC, NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Giannecchini, S (reprint author), NURC, NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1362 EP 1369 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000191 ER PT B AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Ramahi, O AF Trabelsi, Samir Nelson, Stuart O. Ramahi, Omar GP IEEE TI A low-cost microwave moisture sensor SO 2006 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th European Microwave Conference CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND DE moisture; microwave sensor; complex permittivity; density-independent calibration; wheat; corn ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DENSITY AB A low-cost microwave moisture sensor for granular materials operating at a single frequency of 5.8 GHz has been built and tested. The sensor principle is based on measurement of the two components of the relative complex permittivity. From these measurements, a density- and material-independent calibration function is calculated. The linear correlation between the calibration function and moisture provides moisture content in different materials independent of bulk density. C1 [Trabelsi, Samir; Ramahi, Omar] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Ramahi, Omar] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM strabelsi@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-9600551-6-0 PY 2006 BP 1429 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFX83 UT WOS:000245346100375 ER PT B AU Gustafson, RJ Stetson, LE AF Gustafson, Robert J. Stetson, LaVerne E. GP IEEE TI Response to "equipotential planes, a figment of the imagination" SO 2006 IEEE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2006 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE, IAS DE equipotential plane(s); stray voltage AB The purpose of this paper is to point out deficiencies in both the arguments presented and the opinions expressed by Mr. Donald W. Zipse in the paper entitled "Equipotential Planes, A Figment of the Imagination". In this paper the author opines that equipotential planes are dangerous, but presents no theoretical basis or creditable evidence to support this opinion. The author implies that voltage gradients will exceed levels acceptable to animals and humans when current flows through the electrical network of a properly installed equipotential plane but presents no data to support this claim. C1 [Gustafson, Robert J.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Professor Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stetson, LaVerne E.] USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Gustafson, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Professor Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Gustafson.4@osu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0335-6 PY 2006 BP 124 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGD57 UT WOS:000246174200010 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Samir Kays, Stanley J. GP IEEE TI Dielectric spectroscopy of honeydew melons for quality sensing SO 2006 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE dielectric spectroscopy; permittivity; dielectric constant; loss factor; melons; quality sensing ID FRESH FRUITS; PERMITTIVITIES; VEGETABLES; DENSITY; GHZ AB Permittivities of tissue samples from 38 melons were measured at 25 degrees C over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz along with refractometer determinations of soluble solids content (SSC), and tissue density and moisture content. A high correlation (r = 0.96) was found between SSC and the permittivity as expressed in a complex-plane plot of the two components of the relative complex permittivity, each divided by SSC Through this mathematical relationship, SSC can be calculated front measured permittivity values independent of tissue density, moisture content, and most likely independent of temperature as well. C1 [Nelson, Stuart O.; Trabelsi, Samir] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Kays, Stanley J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-0-7803-9359-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2006 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2006.328365 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFS10 UT WOS:000244176700034 ER PT S AU Lee, SM Abbott, AL Clark, NA Araman, PA AF Lee, Sang-Mook Abbott, A. Lynn Clark, Neil A. Araman, Philip A. GP IEEE TI Diffusion on statistical manifolds SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, ICIP 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE image segmentation; diffusion processes ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; ACTIVE CONTOURS; SEGMENTATION; SPACE; MODEL AB This paper presents a new diffusion scheme on statistical manifolds for the detection of texture boundaries. The technique derives from our previous work, in which 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds were statistically defined by maps that transform a parameter domain onto a set of probability density functions. In the earlier approach, a modified Kullback-Leibler divergence, measuring dissimilarity between two density distributions, was added to the statistical manifolds so that a geometric interpretation of the manifolds becomes possible. Although the previous framework produced good segmentation results, the approach led to offsets in texture boundaries for some situations. This paper introduces a diffusion scheme on statistical manifolds that leads to substantially improved localization accuracy in segmentation of textured images. C1 [Lee, Sang-Mook; Abbott, A. Lynn] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Clark, Neil A.; Araman, Philip A.] USDA Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lee, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-0481-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2006 BP 233 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2006.312468 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA25 UT WOS:000245768500059 ER PT S AU Jackson, TJ Cosh, AH Zhan, X Bosch, DD Seyfried, MS Starks, PJ Keefer, T Lakshmi, V AF Jackson, T. J. Cosh, M. H. Zhan, X. Bosch, D. D. Seyfried, M. S. Starks, P. J. Keefer, T. Lakshmi, V. GP IEEE TI Validation of AMSR-E Soil Moisture Products Using Watershed Networks SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; validation; AMSR-E; microwave remote sensing Introduction ID CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; PROBE AB Validation is a challenging task for passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from Earth orbit. The key issue is spatial scale; conventional measurements of soil moisture are made at a point, whereas satellite sensors provide an integrated area/volume value for a much larger spatial extent. A robust validation program should include as many types of comparisons as possible and must attempt to provide actual spatially representative ground based soil moisture. A ground based validation program also requires a wide range of conditions, long temporal coverage and continuous observations. As part of the AMSR-E validation activity an augmented network of dedicated validation sites at actively monitored watersheds has been developed. These provide estimates of the average soil moisture over watersheds and surrounding areas that approximate the size of the AMSR-E footprint. This is done on a continuous basis, partially in real time. A public database of the watershed data for all sites is being developed and made available. To implement this network, additional surface soil moisture and temperature sensors (0-5 cm depth) were installed at and around existing instrument locations in four watersheds located in different climate regions of the U.S. Through short term and extended field campaigns the calibration of these instruments has been established. Methods for scaling from the point measurements to the integrated watershed/footprint average have also been developed as part of the validation effort. These efforts will be of value in alternate algorithm comparisons and will benefit future missions including SMOS. C1 [Jackson, T. J.; Cosh, M. H.; Zhan, X.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bosch, D. D.] ARS, USDA, Southeast Watershed Res, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Seyfried, M. S.] USDA ARS, Northwest Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Starks, P. J.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Keefer, T.] USDA, ARS, Southeast Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Lakshmi, V.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology FX Support for this network and research was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology and Aqua Validation programs. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 432 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.115 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400111 ER PT S AU Shi, JC Njoku, EG Jackson, T O'Neill, P AF Shi, Jiancheng Njoku, E. G. Jackson, T. O'Neill, P. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Potential Error Sources for Soil Moisture Retrieval from Satellite Microwave Radiometer SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB This study demonstrates the impacts of land water, dry snow cover, and terrain at sub-pixel scale on soil estimation through numerical simulations. We will demonstrate the quantity of the above different factors contributing to the errors on the soil moisture estimation. C1 [Shi, Jiancheng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Njoku, E. G.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Jackson, T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [O'Neill, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM shi@icess.ucsb.edu RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 444 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.118 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400114 ER PT S AU Crow, WT AF Crow, Wade T. GP IEEE TI Evaluating the Added Value of Spaceborne Soil Moisture Products for Land Surface Modeling Applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID PLAINS HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL AB A novel methodology is introduced for quantifying the added value of remotely-sensed soil moisture products for global land surface modeling applications. The approach is based on the assimilation of soil moisture retrievals into a simple surface water balance model driven by satellite-based precipitation products. Filter increments (i.e. discrete additions or subtractions of water suggested by the filter) are then compared to antecedent precipitation errors determined using higher quality rain gauge observations. Given the inherent difficulty of directly validating remotely-sensed soil moisture pro ducts using ground-based soil moisture observations, this assimilation-based proxy provides a valuable tool for efforts to improve soil moisture retrieval strategies and quantify the novel information content of remotely sensed soil moisture retrievals for land surface modeling applications. Using real spaceborne data, the approach is demonstrated for four different remotely-sensed soil moisture datasets along two separate transects in the southern United States. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20008 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20008 USA. EM wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.119 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400115 ER PT S AU Erives, H Fitzgerald, GJ AF Erives, Hector Fitzgerald, Glenn J. GP IEEE TI Automatic sub-pixel registration for a tunable hyrperspectral imaging system SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Hyperspectral instrument; Image registration; Phase Correlation; Portable tunable hyperspectral imager ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE AB Hyperspectral imagery of the Earth's surface is increasingly being acquired from aerial platforms. The many bands acquired by typical hyperspectral instruments are collected either in a push-broom, scanning, or staring fashion. Staring methods can be used in ground and aerial based applications, and have the advantage of readily producing coherent images. Staring remote sensing instruments need some form of co-registration to match band-to-band pixel locations, because it takes some time for the instrument to acquire images and save them as the aerial platform moves above the target scene. A well known method for registration is the Phase Correlation (PC) which may be used to register images to an accuracy of l pixel. In this paper we report an enhancement to the PC method that allows for sub-pixel registration of hyperspectral images. The x-y location at which the maximum correlation function occurs is fitted with a cubic interpolation to find the maximum. This method was implemented to recover sub-pixel rotation and translation accuracy from an airborne hyperspectral imaging instrument, dubbed the portable hyperspectral tunable imaging system. Results showed that the approach improves up to 9.5 % of the normalized cross correlation between wavebands in comparison with the PC method alone. C1 [Erives, Hector] NMT, Dept Elect Engn, Hyperspectral Imaging Lab, Socorro, NM USA. [Fitzgerald, Glenn J.] USDA ARS, Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Erives, H (reprint author), NMT, Dept Elect Engn, Hyperspectral Imaging Lab, Socorro, NM USA. FU NMT; USDA-ARS FX This work was sponsored by NMT and the USDA-ARS NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 952 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.245 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400240 ER PT S AU Stern, AJ Doraiswamy, PC Akhmedov, B AF Stern, Alan J. Doraiswamy, Paul C. Akhmedov, Bakhyt GP IEEE TI Creating a Land-use Classification for Iowa using MODIS 250-meter Imagery SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB Using NOAA AVHRR or MODIS imagery to create land-use classifications has been attempted for many years. Unfortunately, most of these classifications do not differentiate crop types. If one is to extract pixel information as input to a crop model it is critical that the pixel be correctly identified with its crop type. In this study a Landsat TM classification was aggregated to the 250-meter pixel size of MODIS. Only pixels that were at least 80% of a particular crop were used as ground truth for the MODIS classification. The MODIS classification was performed using both standard techniques and decision tree techniques. The MODIS classifications were compared at the county, agricultural statistics district and state levels to the 80% mask and to the original TM land-use classification. When compared with the 80% mask, 60-80% accuracies were obtainable at the state level. However, the MODIS classification was only approximately 40% accurate when compared with the Landsat TM classification. It does appear that decision tree methodology resulted in better accuracies in most cases. C1 [Stern, Alan J.; Doraiswamy, Paul C.; Akhmedov, Bakhyt] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Stern, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1153 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.298 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400293 ER PT S AU Feng, WY Wang, NA Wei, HY Wang, CY Liu, QG AF Feng Wenyong Wang Nai-ang Wei Haiyan Wang Cuiyun Liu Qingguang GP IEEE TI Study on Rural Settlement Hollowization Process during 23 Years in the Northeast Loess Plateau of China Based on Analysis of RS&GIS SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE RS&GIS; the northeast Loess Plateau; rural settlement hollowization; time and space process model AB Based on the field investigation and analysis of RS data of rural settlements in the study area during the 23 years from 1979 to 2002, we reached the following main conclusions. First, four principles to define the rural settlement hollowization are provided: house-age principle, house-function-change principle, house-abandon principle and population-sharply-decrease principle in the core-zone of a rural settlement. Second, the space model of rural settlement hollowization is divided into three types: ring-shape type, fan-shape type and belt-shape type. Third, the description of the state of rural settlement hollowization by absolute-hollowization rate and relative-hollowization rate shows the velocity and level of the different rural settlement hollowization. Fourth, one hollowization-setllement space is divided into three belts: the core zone, the buffer belt and the new belt. This paper provides five time and space process models from 1979 to 2002: core-zone-grow process, core-zone-swell process, buffer-belt-grow process, buffer-belt-swell process and new-belt-grow process. Fifth, three driving powers of rural settlement hollowization are discovered: lower land-using cost, lower house building cost and lower house moving cost. C1 [Feng Wenyong; Wang Nai-ang; Wang Cuiyun; Liu Qingguang] Lanzhou Univ, Dept Resources & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Wei Haiyan] USDA, ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Feng Wenyong] Xinzhou Normal Coll, Dept Geog, Xinzhou 034000, Peoples R China. RP Feng, WY (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Dept Resources & Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM fengwenyong123@eyou.com FU Education Department of Shanxi Province; Remote Sensing and Analysis of Rural Settlement Hollowization in Shanxi Province [200359] FX This research was financially supported by a grant of the Education Department of Shanxi Province to Feng Wenyong on his project: Remote Sensing and Analysis of Rural Settlement Hollowization in Shanxi Province (No.200359) . NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1458 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.376 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400371 ER PT S AU Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ Moran, S Bindlish, R AF Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. Moran, Susan Bindlish, Rajat GP IEEE TI Surface Soil Moisture Temporal Persistence and Stability in a Semi-Arid Watershed SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; temporal stability; sensor networks; microwave remote sensing ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS; FIELD; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVAL AB Satellite soil moisture products, such as those derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - EOS (AMSR-E), require calibration and validation in diverse landscape and land cover conditions. Semi-arid regions present a particular challenge because of the high spatial variability and temporal change in surface moisture conditions. This study will address this problem by using data from a soil moisture observing network in semi-arid watershed and temporal stability (persistence) analysis to quantify its' ability to represent the larger (satellite) scale soil moisture average. The watershed utilized, the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW), has a dense soil moisture sensor network (SMSN) of 19 soil moisture sensors installed at 5 cur depth, distributed over a 150 km(2) study region. A study period of 3.5 years was available for this study. In conjunction with this monitoring network, intensive gravimetric soil moisture sampling was conducted as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2004 (SMEX04 to the calibrate the network for large-scale. Temporal stability analysis considers how each individual sensor relates to the overall average of the watershed. Stable sensors (and collectively stable networks) are useful for the long-term study of satellite remote sensing products because of their proven reliability and accuracy. The results demonstrate that the WGEW SMSN is an accurate and stable estimator of the watershed average. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the network to the average from the high density SMEX04 sampling is less than 0.01 m(3)/m(3). Future studies should focus specifically on how best to obtain more reliable satellite soil moisture estimates using this soil moisture network. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Moran, Susan] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bindlish, Rajat] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology; Aqua Validation programs; USDA-ARS-Southwest Watershed Research Center FX Support for this network and research was provided by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology and Aqua Validation programs. We would also like to thank the USDA-ARS-Southwest Watershed Research Center for their continued support in maintaining this network. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1724 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.446 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401038 ER PT S AU Zhan, X Jackson, TJ Crow, WT AF Zhan, X. Jackson, T. J. Crow, W. T. GP IEEE TI Impact of Aggregation Rules of Ancillary Parameters on Soil Moisture Retrievals from Space-borne Microwave Radiometer Observations SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB Retrieving soil moisture from space-borne microwave radiometer observations often requires ancillary parameters such as surface vegetation opacity and roughness. The conventional approach for deriving representative values of these parameters is usually to simply average the corresponding parameters of high resolution pixels over the whole microwave sensor footprint. This paper uses a microwave emission model (MEM) to demonstrate that the aggregation rules significantly impact the results and if chosen correctly can reduce the soil moisture retrieval errors from the single-channel retrieval and the MEM inversion algorithms. C1 [Zhan, X.; Jackson, T. J.; Crow, W. T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhan, X (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM zhan@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1728 EP 1731 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.447 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401039 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Yilmaz, MT Jackson, TJ AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Yilmaz, M. Tugrul Jackson, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI Scaling Vegetation Water Content from Thematic Mapper to MODIS during SMEX04 SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID LEAF; INDEX; REFLECTANCE; MOISTURE; AREA AB Vegetation water content (VWC) is important for accurate retrievals of soil moisture using microwave sensors and may be important for determining water stress and forest fire potential. The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and future operational sensors have bands in the shortwave infrared region which can be used for monitoring VWC. The Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) were conducted during the summer-monsoon season in Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, as part of the North American Monsoon Experiment. Plots from different vegetation types were sampled for leaf area index and leaf equivalent water thickness. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and MODIS imagery were acquired for three dates, before, during and after the SMEX04 experiment. The Normalized Difference Infrared Index [NDII = (R-850 - R-1650)/(R-850 + R-1650)] was linearly related to canopy equivalent water thickness for the Landsat 5 TM data. The TM-estimated canopy equivalent water thickness were aggregated and linearly related to canopy equivalent water thickness from MODIS, showing that MODIS and future sensors would be useful in estimating vegetation water content. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Yilmaz, M. Tugrul; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1945 EP 1948 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.503 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401095 ER PT S AU Bolten, J Crow, W Zhan, X Jackson, T Reynolds, C Doom, B AF Bolten, J. Crow, W. Zhan, X. Jackson, T. Reynolds, C. Doom, B. GP IEEE TI The Application of AMSR-E Soil Moisture for Improved Global Agricultural Assessment and Forecasting SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE soil moisture; remote sensing; data assimilation AB Soil moisture is estimated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division (PECAD) by utilizing a modified two-layer Palmer water balance model derived from temperature and precipitation observations. It is envisaged that these soil moisture estimates can be improved by integrating passive microwave data which has greater temporal frequency and covers larger spatial domains than available in the past. By integrating direct observations from the EOS Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) into the current PECAD soil moisture model, more accurate soil moisture and correspondingly crop yield estimates may be possible. This paper presents a methodology for soil moisture data assimilation using a simple Was correction and 1-D Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation algorithm. An outline of the technical approach is presented. C1 [Bolten, J.; Crow, W.; Zhan, X.; Jackson, T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reynolds, C.; Doom, B.] USDA, FAS, PECAD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bolten, J (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bolten, John/F-9006-2012 FU NASA Applied Science Program FX NASA CAN Funds; support from the NASA Applied Science Program to this project is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2032 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.526 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401118 ER PT S AU Li, L Jackson, T Gaiser, P Bindlish, R Bobak, J Kunkee, D Cosh, M AF Li, L. Jackson, T. Gaiser, P. Bindlish, R. Bobak, J. Kunkee, D. Cosh, M. GP IEEE TI Polarimetric Passive Microwave Signatures and RFI Suppression during the Soil Moisture Experiment/Polarimetry Land Experiment in 2005 SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID RADIOMETER AB The Soil Moisture Experiments in 2005 (SMEX05) and Polarimetry Land experiments (POLEX) were conducted jointly by the US Naval Research Laboratory, the USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory and other cooperators in Ames, Iowa between 13 June and 3 July 2005. Leveraging upon proven methodology and existing facilities and experience from the preceding SMEX02 experiment, SMEX05/POLEX was designed to address algorithm development and validation issues related to current and future soil moisture sensor systems, including enhancement of the Aqua AMSR-E and WindSat soil moisture validation. It also encompasses three unique elements in its scientific objectives: (1) Exploration of unique polarimetric information from satellite sensors such as WindSat and CMIS for soil moisture with supporting NRL aircraft instrumentation. (2) Exploration of diurnal effects associated with soil, vegetation and atmosphere at the 6 am/6 pm observing times of WindSat, CMIS, Hydros, and SMOS. (3) Statistics and mitigation of RFI for CMIS risk reduction. In this paper, we present an overview of the experiment and some preliminary data analysis. C1 [Li, L.; Gaiser, P.; Bobak, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, T.; Bindlish, R.; Cosh, M.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kunkee, D.] Aerosp Corp, Sensing & Exploitat Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU NRL Ocean; Atmospheric Science and Technology Program; NPOESS Integrated Program Office; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program FX This research is supported in part by the NRL Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Program and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office. SMEX05 was also supported by the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2036 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.527 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401119 ER PT S AU Doraiswamy, PC Akhmedov, B Stern, AJ AF Doraiswamy, Paul C. Akhmedov, Bakhyt Stern, Alan J. GP IEEE TI Improved Techniques for Crop Classification using MODIS Imagery SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB Brazil has become a major player in world soybean markets, second only to the U.S. Brazil Crop area is about 10 million hectares and is now rapidly expanding into the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) and the Amazonian region where forested area is being converted to cropland. There is a need for accurate updated information on the newly expanded agricultural areas in Brazil and the current total production. The objective of this research was to develop an operational method for assessing soybean crop area that would facilitate developing remote sensing based algorithms for assessing crop yields in major producing areas. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite offers a good potential for assessing crop area as well as provide opportunity to retrieve crop condition parameters that can be used to assess crop yields. A three-year MODIS data set was acquired for the study and this research describes the methods used for processing the 8-day composite reflectance data from bands 1 and 2 and its use in developing the classification of soybean crop area in four major soybean producing areas in Brazil. The results suggest methods that can be used for operational application of MODIS 250m data for classification as well as potential use in crop yield assessment. C1 [Doraiswamy, Paul C.; Stern, Alan J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Akhmedov, Bakhyt] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2084 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.539 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401131 ER PT S AU Treuhaft, RN Chapman, BD dos Santos, JR Dutra, LV Goncalves, FG Freitas, CD Mura, JC Graca, PMD Drake, JB AF Treuhaft, R. N. Chapman, B. D. dos Santos, J. R. Dutra, L. V. Goncalves, F. G. Freitas, C. da Costa Mura, J. C. de Alencastro Graca, P. M. Drake, J. B. GP IEEE TI Tropical-Forest Density Profiles from Multibaseline Interferometric SAR SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE tropical forest; vertical distribution; interferometric SAR; biomass ID RADAR; FUSION; LIDAR AB Vertical profiles of forest density potentially are robust indicators of forest biomass, fire susceptibility and ecosystem function. Tropical forests, which are among the most dense and complicated targets for remote sensing, contain about 45% of the world's biomass. Remote sensing of tropical forest structure is therefore an important component to global biomass and carbon monitoring. As in radio astronomy, which uses multibaseline radio interferometry to measure the structure of celestial objects, so multibaseline interferometric SAR (InSAR) can be used to estimate the vertical structure of forests. Vegetation density profiles, along with radar backscattering characteristics and attenuation, determine the radar brightness profile "seen" by InSAR. This paper will describe an experiment at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica (similar to 3m rainfall/year) in which we flew 18 effective fixed baselines over tropical forests at C-band (0.056 m wavelength) and L-band (0.25 m). Preliminary inversions for radar brightness profiles will be compared to extensive lidar profiles measured in the same area. They will also be compared to field-measured profiles. C1 [Treuhaft, R. N.; Chapman, B. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [dos Santos, J. R.; Dutra, L. V.; Goncalves, F. G.; Freitas, C. da Costa; Mura, J. C.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [de Alencastro Graca, P. M.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Drake, J. B.] USDA Forest Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Treuhaft, RN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Freitas, Corina/C-6569-2009; de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio/B-3375-2013; Dutra, Luciano/C-6582-2009 OI Dutra, Luciano/0000-0002-7757-039X FU FAPEMIG [CRA 0070/04]; CNPq [304274/2005-4] FX We thank Danilo Vargas Ramirez and Walter Cruz Cambronero of La Selva Biological Station for assistance with field measurements. LVD acknowledges the Grants FAPEMIG CRA 0070/04, CNPq 304274/2005-4. JRS acknowledges CNPq 300677/91-1, CCF acknowledges CNPq 300927/92-4, and RNT acknowledges NASA RTOP 622-94-18-40-7787. The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2205 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.570 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401162 ER PT S AU Corp, LA Middleton, EM Daughtry, CST Campbell, PKE AF Corp, L. A. Middleton, E. M. Daughtry, C. S. T. Campbell, P. K. Entcheva GP IEEE TI Solar Induced Fluorescence and Reflectance Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Nitrogen Utilization in Corn SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Reflectance (R); Fluoresenece (F); Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD); Physiological Reflectance Index (PRI) ID INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AB Remote sensing systems using either passive reflectance (R) or actively induced fluorescence (F) have long been explored as a means to monitor species composition and vegetative productivity. Passive F techniques using the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD) principle to isolate solar induced F (SIF) from the high resolution R continuum have also been suggested for the large-scale remote assessment of vegetation. The FLD principle was applied to both canopy R spectra and AISA multi-spectral imagery to discriminate the relatively weak in situ vegetation F in-fill of the telluric 02 bands located at 688 nm and 760 nm. The magnitudes of SIF retrieved from R ranged from 7 to 36 mW/m(2)/nm/sr and the ratio of the two spectral bands successfully discriminated the four N treatment levels. In addition, a number of R indices including but not limited to the physiological reflectance index (PRI), R-550/R-515 and R-750/R-800 were calculated from the AISA aircraft imagery and the high-resolution canopy R spectra. These indexes were then evaluated against geo-referenced ground measurements of leaf area index (LAI), pigment contents, grain yields, and light use efficiency (LUE). A number of significant relationships were evident in both R and SIT indices to the biophysical changes in corn induced by N application rates. From this investigation we conclude that valuable SIF information can be extracted from high-resolution canopy R data and indices calculated from both data types can supply useful information for modeling N use for carbon sequestration by vegetation. C1 [Corp, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Middleton, E. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Campbell, P. K. Entcheva] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Corp, LA (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. EM lcorp@hydrotab.arsusda.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2267 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.586 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401178 ER PT S AU Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST Pachepsky, L Erbe, EF Lydon, J Higgins, MK Vanderbilt, VC Bobbe, T AF Walthall, Charles L. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Pachepsky, Ludmila Erbe, Eric F. Lydon, John Higgins, Melinda K. Vanderbilt, Vern C. Bobbe, Thomas GP IEEE TI Detection of Illegal Cannabis Cultivation Using Remote Sensing SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Cannabis; illegal cultivations; spectral signature; spatial signature; specular reflectance; image texture AB Detection of illegal Cannabis cultivation by law enforcement agencies currently relies on low flying aircraft manned by trained aerial spotters. This is physically tiring for the aircrew, inefficient for large or complex landscapes, and is often foiled by camouflaged grow sites. A solution for detecting illegal Cannabis cultivation using remote sensing would be of considerable assistance and may increase the probability of detection. If multiple plants are grown in large homogeneous plots and the location of at least one cultivation site is known, then detection can be considered a traditional spectral land cover/land use classification problem. Probability of success is principally dependent upon the degree to which the known grow site is representative of unknown sites, and the adequacy of the sensor system spatial resolution. However, most illegal cultivation sites in the U.S. are "distributed" with a few isolated plants interspersed with other plant species. For distributed cultivations, requirements for high spatial resolution imagery become paramount and an alternative signature approach may be warranted. Analysis of Cannabis diffuse, nadir spectral signatures using laboratory, field and airborne data show a lack of stable, unique absorption features to use as a universal reference signature. However, Cannabis leaves appear to have a specular reflectance feature that contributes to the "emerald green" appearance reported by aerial spotters. This specular signature may be worthy of exploitation for detection. The leaf shape and plant architecture of Cannabis also offer potential spatial signatures that can be quantified using image texture analysis. These spatial signatures also warrant further investigation C1 [Walthall, Charles L.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Pachepsky, Ludmila; Erbe, Eric F.; Lydon, John] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Higgins, Melinda K.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vanderbilt, Vern C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bobbe, Thomas] USDA FS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM ewalthall@hydrolab.arsusda.gov FU ONDCP Interagency Agreement [1010A1265017] FX The authors thank Andrew Russ (USDA-ARS) and Monisha Kaul (now EPA) for assistance with data collection and image processing. Thanks also to Lt. Col. Billy Asbell (National Guard Bureau Executive Services), Major Mike Thomas (National Guard-Ret.), CW3 Sam Thomas (Maryland National Guard), Wayne Davenport (Army Space and Missile Command), John Kershenstein (Naval Research Laboratory), Jan Kalshoven (NASA), Sgt. Harry McDaniel (Maryland State Police) and Dave Broadway (Florida Department of Law Enforcement). This research was partially funded by ONDCP Interagency Agreement 1010A1265017. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2281 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.590 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401182 ER PT S AU Bindlish, R Jackson, TJ Van der Velde, R AF Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas J. Van der Velde, Rogier GP IEEE TI High Resolution Soil Moisture Mapping Using AIRSAR Observations During SMEX02 SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Soil Moisture; vegetation classification; Active microwave; scattering models ID INVERSION; SURFACE AB Soil moisture mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can be achieved at high spatial resolution but has not been rigorously demonstrated over vegetated areas.. Radar measurements are sensitive to the structure and dielectric constant of the target. Of some concern are the crop type and row direction which are known to influence the backscatter observations. In this work, L- and P-band SAR images are used to map crop type and row orientation. The VV-polarized L-band sigma degrees values are used to identify the crop type and the ratio of P-band VV-polarized over VH-polarized sigma degrees measurements are used to determine the row orientation. Validation results show classification accuracies of 86% for the crop type classification and an accuracy of 94% accuracy for the detection of the row orientation. A vegetation correction approach derived from this analysis was used in combination with a semi-empirical surface scattering algorithm to estimate the soil moisture content using high resolution aircraft SAR data. Three different retrieval methods were employed to estimate spatially distributed soil moisture; 1) the Dubois model without vegetation correction, 2) the Water Cloud model using vegetation water content, 3) the Water Cloud model using vegetation water content and row direction information. These three methodologies were applied to airborne SAR) data collected during the soil moisture experiments in 2002 (SMEX02). For corn and soybean fields with an east-west row direction a standard error of estimate of approximately 0.075 cm3cm-3 was obtained and for north-south oriented crop rows accuracies up to 0.043 cm3cm-3 were achieved. C1 [Bindlish, Rajat] ARS, SSAI, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van der Velde, Rogier] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), ARS, SSAI, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bindlish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program FX This work is supported by NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. The authors would like to thanks all of our cooperators from the SMEX02 experiment. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2324 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.601 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401193 ER PT S AU Zhou, WQ Troy, A Grove, M AF Zhou, Weiqi Troy, Austin Grove, Morgan GP IEEE TI Measuring Urban Parcel Lawn Greenness by Using an Object-oriented Classification Approach SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Remote sensing; Object-oriented classification; Lawn; Water quality; Baltimore; Urban ecology AB Urban lawns may contribute significantly to water quality through nonpoint source pollution loads. To understand how urban lawns affect water quality, it is crucial to measure the spatial distribution and characteristics of urban lawns. This paper presents an object-oriented approach to measure the spatial pattern of lawn and lawn greenness in two urban watersheds, using high-resolution digital aerial imagery and Light Detection and Raging (LIDAR) data. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was generated, and lawns were classified based on remotely sensed indices of lawn greenness at the parcel level. The object-oriented classification approach proved to be effective for the extraction of urban lawns from high-resolution imagery at the parcel level. It also provided a convenient and useful method to measure lawn greenness. C1 [Zhou, Weiqi; Troy, Austin] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Grove, Morgan] Northeastern Res Stat, USDA Forest Serv, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Zhou, WQ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM wzhoul@uvm.edu FU Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service; National Science Foundation [DEB- 042376] FX This research was funded by the Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service and the National Science Foundation LTER program (grant DEB- 042376) NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 2693 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.695 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989401287 ER PT S AU van Leeuwen, WJD Hutchinson, CF Sheffner, E Doorn, B Kaupp, VH AF van Leeuwen, Willem J. D. Hutchinson, Charles F. Sheffner, Ed Doorn, Brad Kaupp, Verne H. GP IEEE TI Integrated Crop Production Observations and Information System SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Agriculture; Decision Support Data and Tools AB The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and several academic institutions partnered in transitioning selected NASA Earth science data products, knowledge, capacity, and systems into solutions to enhance a decision support system (DSS) of the Foreign Agricultural Services (FAS) Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division (PECAD). This enhancement improves PECAD's decision support to the World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) by providing improved monthly estimates of global production (based on crop yield and planted area) of selected agricultural commodities. C1 [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.; Hutchinson, Charles F.] Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies & Geog, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Doorn, Brad] USDA, FAS PECAD, Washington, DC USA. [Sheffner, Ed] NASA HQ, Washington, DC USA. [Kaupp, Verne H.] Univ Missouri, Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP van Leeuwen, WJD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies & Geog, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM leeuw@ag.arizona.edu; chuck@ag.arizona.edu; esheffne@hq.nasa.gov; brad.doorn@fas.usda.gov; kauppv@missouri.edu FU NASA's Applied Sciences Program FX Sponsored by NASA's Applied Sciences Program NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3506 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.899 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402085 ER PT S AU Kellndorfer, JM Walker, W LaPoint, E Hoppus, M Westfall, J AF Kellndorfer, Josef M. Walker, Wayne LaPoint, Elizabeth Hoppus, Mike Westfall, Jim GP IEEE TI Modeling Height, Biomass, and Carbon in US Forests from FIA, SRTM, and Ancillary National Scale Data Sets SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Biomass; Carbon; Vegetation Height; Scattering Phase Center Height; InSAR; Radar; Interferometry; Optical; Multi-spectral; SRTM; Landsat ETM; Forest Inventory; DEM; Object Oriented; Segmentation; Regression Trees ID RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION AB A U.S. national scale modeling effort is underway to map height, biomass and carbon layers for the Year 2000 exploiting synergies among recently developed national-scale data sets derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Landsat ETM data. Due to the short radar wavelengths used for the SRTM mission (C-band and X-band), the SRTM InSAR signal represents a reflective surface rather than the ground elevation whenever vegetation or anthropogenic features are present. By differencing ground elevations from SRTM elevations over vegetated terrain a spatially continuous height signal, the mean height of the scattering phase center (MHSPC), can be extracted which is correlated with true vegetation canopy height. The MHSPC is dependent on the scattering characteristics of the observed canopy which are largely a function of vegetation cover type, density, and phenological state. Given a ground measured reference dataset of vegetation canopy height, the SRTM MHSPC signal can then be used with information on cover type and density to spatially estimate vegetation canopy height with empirically developed regression models. Subsequently, given spatial estimates of vegetation canopy height in conjunction with information on vegetation cover type and density, aboveground dry biomass can be modeled as well. Finally, spatial data layers of carbon distribution can be calculated with established aboveground dry biomass to carbon conversion factors. Within the conterminous United States, a timely confluence of spatial data sets provides the framework for the development of empirical regression models and their application at a national scale. In addition to the SRTM mission, national-scale data sets of ground surface elevation (i.e., National Elevation Dataset, NED), existing vegetation type (i.e., LANDFIRE) and canopy density (i.e., National Land Cover Database, NLCD 2001,) are currently being produced for the circa 2000 timeframe. These data sets are complemented by a database of ca. 150,000 forest plots provided by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. A novel approach based on object-oriented image analysis is employed to address SRTM inherent noise characteristics and to enhance the accuracy of the InSAR signal. As a statistical modeling framework a regression tree based approach is employed. A prototype study in central Utah covering 62,000 km(2) (i.e., NLCD 2001 mapping zone 16), which contains a diversity of vegetation types is now completed. Based on data from 508 FIA field plots, overall vegetation canopy height and aboveground dry biomass estimates at r(2) (and absolute error) values of 0.78 (2.1 m) and 0.56 (24 tons/ha) were obtained. The NBCD 2000 project is scheduled for completion in late 2008. Data will be accessible at 30 m postings via the U.S. Geological Survey seamless data server as mapping zones are completed. C1 [Kellndorfer, Josef M.; Walker, Wayne] Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [LaPoint, Elizabeth; Hoppus, Mike; Westfall, Jim] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kellndorfer, JM (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program FX NBCD 2000 is funded by a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program grant. The NLCD 2001, LANDFIRE, and NED teams are acknowledged as collaborators. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3591 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.920 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402106 ER PT B AU Laliberte, AS Koppa, J Fredrickson, EL Rango, A AF Laliberte, Andrea S. Koppa, Justin Fredrickson, Ed L. Rango, Albert GP IEEE TI Comparison of nearest neighbor and rule-based decision tree classification in an object-oriented environment SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE Object-oriented classification; rangelands; decision tree; high-resolution satellite imagery ID LAND-COVER; ENCROACHMENT AB Object-oriented classification is a useful tool for analysis of high-resolution imagery due to the incorporation of spectral, textural and contextual variables. However, feature selection and incorporation of appropriate training sites can be difficult. We compared two object-oriented image classification approaches, one using a decision tree (DT), the other a nearest neighbor classification (NN) with regard to classification accuracy, effort involved and feasibility for mapping similar areas. We used a QuickBird satellite image to map and rangeland vegetation in a 1200 ha pasture in southern New Mexico. In the DT approach, we used ground truth data from plots (8.75 m(2)) as input for a decision tree to create a rule base for classification. In the NN approach, larger polygons (mean=100 m(2)) served as training areas for a nearest neighbor classification. Overall accuracy was 80% using the DT and 77% using the NN classification. The DT was a superior tool for reducing the number of input features, but this technique required more field data, export to a decision tree program and was more time consuming. With the NN approach, input features were selected within the image analysis program and were applied to the classification immediately. The use of larger polygons for training and test samples was more appropriate for use in an object-oriented environment than the small plots. We concluded that for arid rangeland classification from QuickBird data, the NN technique required less time in the field and for image analysis, had comparable accuracy to the DT approach, and would be appropriate for mapping similar areas. A combination of both methods would incorporate the advantages of feature selection in a DT with the object-oriented nature of the analysis. C1 [Laliberte, Andrea S.; Koppa, Justin; Fredrickson, Ed L.; Rango, Albert] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Laliberte, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alaliber@nmsu.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3923 EP 3926 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1006 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402192 ER PT S AU Middleton, EM Corp, LA Daughtry, CST Campbell, PKE AF Middleton, E. M. Corp, L. A. Daughtry, C. S. T. Campbell, P. K. Entcheva GP IEEE TI Chlorophyll Fluorescence Emissions of Vegetation Canopies From High Resolution Field Reflectance Spectra SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE chlorophyll fluorescence; solar induced fluorescence; corn; carbon/nitrogen ratio ID A FLUORESCENCE; CORN AB A two-year experiment was performed on corn (Zea mays L.) crops under nitrogen (N) fertilization regimes to examine the use of hyperspectral canopy reflectance information for estimating chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and vegetation production. Fluorescence of foliage in the laboratory has proven more rigorous than reflectance for correlation to plant physiology. Especially useful are emissions produced from two stable red and far-red chlorophyll ChlF peaks centered at 685 +/- 10 nm and 735 +/- 5 nm. Methods have been developed elsewhere to extract steady state solar induced fluorescence (SIF) from apparent reflectance of vegetation canopies/landscapes using the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD) principal. Our study utilized these methods in conjunction with field-acquired high spectral resolution canopy reflectance spectra obtained in 2004 and 2005 over corn crops, as part of an ongoing multi-year experiment at the USDA/Agriculture Research Service in Beltsville, MD. SIF intensities for ChlF were derived directly from canopy reflectance spectra in specific narrow-band regions associated with atmospheric oxygen absorption features centered at 688 and 760 nm. The N treatments accounted for 80% of the variation in the foliar C/N ratios, which declined from similar to 23 in the lowest N treatment to similar to 14 at the highest N treatment. A leaf-level steady state fluorescence ratio, Fs/Chl, was positively related to foliar C/N ratio (r(2) = 0.84, n = 102). Similarly, the red/far-red SIF ratio derived from the field reflectance spectra was positively related to the foliar C/N ratio (r(2) = 0.64, n = 109). Both fluorescence ratios were inversely, and non-linearly correlated with crop grain yield (Kg / ha) determined at harvest a month later (Fs/Chl ratio, r = 0.92; SIF Red/Far-Red ratio, r = 0.85). This study has relevance to future passive satellite remote sensing approaches to monitoring C dynamics from space. C1 [Middleton, E. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Corp, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Campbell, P. K. Entcheva] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM M.Middleton@nasa.gov; lcorp@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 4064 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1042 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402228 ER PT S AU Thomson, SJ Smith, LA AF Thomson, Steven J. Smith, Lowrey A. GP IEEE TI Dynamic testing of GPS receivers on agricultural aircraft for remote sensing and variable-rate aerial application SO 2006 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position, Location, and Navigation Symposium CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Coronado, CA SP IEEE, ION ID VIDEO AB Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and GPS-based swath guidance systems are used on agricultural aircraft for remote sensing, airplane guidance, and to support variable-rate aerial application of crop inputs such as insecticides, cotton growth regulators, and defoliants. Agricultural aircraft travel at much greater speeds than ground equipment (65 m/s, typically), so longitudinal (along-track) error in GPS-derived position is likely to be pronounced. Due to rapid ground speeds, determination of exact GPS-derived aircraft location requires special methodologies. To meet the need for determining ground position accurately, a ground-based spotting system using two strategically placed mirrors was designed to reflect sunlight to the belly of the aircraft when the plane passed over a ground reference point. The light beam was detected by a photocell on the airplane, causing a solid state relay to close through appropriate circuitry. When the relay closed, a record was placed in the data file for the airplane's Satloc GPS receiver, accurate to 0.01 s allowing exact position to be logged. Two stand-alone GPS receivers were evaluated along with the Satloc system, and their readings were compared with readings from the Satloc. For one day of testing used as an example, the Satloc lagged the ground reference point by an average of 4.53 m (S.D. = 0.68) in the east-west directions and led the reference point in the north-south directions by an average of +7.88 m (S.D. = 0.52). Positioning data from one stand-alone GPS receiver showed a distinct ground speed dependency, making it unsuitable for use in aircraft. Output from the other receiver (designed for aircraft use) was insensitive to ground speed changes but exhibited a look-ahead equivalent to 2-s at the ground speeds evaluated. C1 [Thomson, Steven J.; Smith, Lowrey A.] USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 0-7803-9453-4 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2006 BP 1067 EP + DI 10.1109/PLANS.2006.1650710 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFG11 UT WOS:000241665600129 ER PT B AU Hornbuckle, B England, T Anderson, M AF Hornbuckle, Brian England, Tony Anderson, Martha GP IEEE TI The effect of intercepted precipitation on the microwave emission of maize at 1.4 GHz SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE ID SOIL-MOISTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; VEGETATION; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE; DROUGHT; LAYER AB Intercepted precipitation was found to increase the 1.4 GHz brightness temperature of maize. This effect is opposite that of dew, another form of free water in a vegetation canopy. If the effects of intercepted precipitation and dew are to be modeled correctly. emission models must be used in conjunction with a land surface process model in order to separate the two effects. C1 [Hornbuckle, Brian] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [England, Tony] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Anderson, Martha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hornbuckle, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bkh@iastate.edu; england@umich.edu; manderson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAG5-8661]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship; Iowa State University FX Manuscript received June 1, 2006; revised December 5, 2006. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant NAG5-8661 from the Land Surface Hydrology Program, by an National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, by an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship, and by Iowa State University. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677082 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200031 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Sachinvala, ND Chen, Y Sun, L Bhat, G Ramkumar, S AF Parikh, D. V. Sachinvala, N. D. Chen, Y. Sun, L. Bhat, G. Ramkumar, S. TI Acoustic properties of environmentally benign automotive natural fiber composites SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE acoustics; automotive textiles; composites; natural fibers; nonwovens AB Natural fiber composites have excellent appearance, environmental benefits, and are lighter than fiberglass. The acoustic properties of potential floor coverings used either alone or in combination with a cotton nonwoven underpad were determined. Using various weight ratios of natural to synthetic fibers, air-laid needlepunched, and carded needlepunched moldable composites were produced from kenaf, jute, waste cotton, and flax with recycled polyester (PET) and off-quality polypropylene (PP). Control fabrics were made from PET and PP. ASTM E 1050 was used to determine acoustical properties of the composites. Each of the natural fiber based nonwoven floor coverings contributed to noise reduction because of their absorptive properties as compared to control fabrics, A soft cotton underpad greatly enhanced the sound absorption properties of the nonwoven floor coverings. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM parikh@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Bhat, Gajanan/F-1937-2010 OI Bhat, Gajanan/0000-0003-4485-7586 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 109AR UT WOS:000242280800006 ER PT J AU Dossey, AT Walse, SS Rocca, JR Edison, AS AF Dossey, Aaron T. Walse, Spencer S. Rocca, James R. Edison, Arthur S. TI Single-insect NMR: A new tool to probe chemical biodiversity SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASMID INSECT; TEUCRIUM-MARUM; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; VENOM; PERFORMANCE; VARIABILITY; SCORPIONES; BUTHIDAE; H-1-NMR AB Because of analytical limitations, multiple animals or plants are typically required to identify natural products. Using a unique 1-mm high-temperature superconducting NMR probe, we directly examined the chemical composition of defensive secretions from walking stick insects. Individual milkings were dissolved in D2O without purification and examined by NMR within 10 min of secretion. We found that Anisomorpha buprestoides secretes similar quantities of glucose and mixtures of monoterpene dialdehydes that are stereoisomers of dolichodial. Different individual animals produce different stereoisomeric mixtures, the ratio of which varies between individual animals raised in the same container and fed the same food. Another walking stick, Peruphasma schultei, also secretes glucose and a single, unique stereoisomer that we are naming "peruphasmal". These observations suggest a previously unrecognized significance of aqueous components in walking stick defensive sprays. Single-insect variability of venom demonstrates the potential importance of chemical biodiversity at the level of individual animals. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Edison, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM art@mbi.ufl.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR016105] NR 32 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 EI 1554-8937 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PY 2006 VL 1 IS 8 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1021/cb600318u PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 131UA UT WOS:000243894300018 PM 17168538 ER PT J AU Gillay, B Funk, DB AF Gillay, B. Funk, D. B. TI Effects of moisture distribution on measurement of moisture content of dried corn SO ACTA ALIMENTARIA LA English DT Article DE corn moisture; dielectric; drying; moisture rebound; inhomogeneity AB Drying yellow-dent field corn from harvest moisture levels to safe storage levels is a major cost for producers. This cost can be minimized by precise control of the final moisture content through feed-forward or feedback control. One of the difficulties in achieving control of corn drying is the inaccuracy of dielectric moisture measurements due to non-uniform moisture distributions within kernels after drying. After dried grain has equilibrated for several hours, moisture measurements are somewhat different than immediately after drying. This research examined these effects for yellow-dent field corn over a range of measurement frequencies and drying conditions. Prediction equations relating dielectric constant to moisture content were developed for a range of radio frequencies. The differences between predicted moisture values for recently dried and equilibrated corn were found to be dependent on the measurement frequency and the final moisture content of the grain. For some conditions, particularly for low measurement frequencies and high final moisture contents, predicted moisture contents increased after equilibration. However, predicted moisture values decreased upon equilibration if the final moisture content was near 15 percent, especially if the measurement frequency was between 500 kHz and 10 MHz. Higher measurement frequencies generally yielded smaller predicted moisture differences than lower frequencies. C1 Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Phys & Control Dept, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Gillay, B (reprint author), Corvinus Univ Budapest, Fac Food Sci, Phys & Control Dept, Somloi Ut 14-16, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. EM biborka.gillay@uni-corvinus.hu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0139-3006 EI 1588-2535 J9 ACTA ALIMENT HUNG JI Acta Aliment. PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1556/AAlim.35.2006.2.4 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 051GO UT WOS:000238149800004 ER PT J AU Lodyga-Chruscinska, E Sanna, D Micera, G Chruscinski, L Olejnik, J Nachman, RJ Zabrocki, J AF Lodyga-Chruscinska, E Sanna, D Micera, G Chruscinski, L Olejnik, J Nachman, RJ Zabrocki, J TI Chelating ability of proctolin tetrazole analogue SO ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Polish Peptide Symposium CY SEP 04-08, 2005 CL Wroclaw, POLAND DE metal complexes; metallopeptides; proctolin; tetrazole peptide analogue ID PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA L; CIS-AMIDE BOND; NEUROPEPTIDE PROCTOLIN; COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; CU(II) IONS; PEPTIDE; COORDINATION; STABILITY; SURROGATE AB The aim of the investigation was to establish the chelating ability of a new proctolin analogue of the sequence Arg-Tyr-Leu Psi[CN4]Ala-Thr towards copper(H) ions. The insertion of the tetrazole moiety into the peptide sequence has considerably changed the coordination ability of the ligand. Potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV-Vis, CD, EPR) results indicate that the incorporation of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole ring favours the formation of a stable complex form of CuH-1L. This 4N coordination type complex is the dominant species in the physiological pH range. The tetrazole moiety provides one of these nitrogens. The data indicate that Cu(II) ions are strongly trapped inside the peptide backbone. These findings suggest that Cu(II) can hold peptide chains in a bent conformation. This bent conformation may be essential for bioactivity of the tetrazole peptides. C1 Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Gen Food Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. CNR, Ist Chim Biomol, Sassari, Italy. Univ Sassari, Dept Chem, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Tech Univ Lodz, Fac Proc & Environm Engn, Lodz, Poland. Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Organ Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. USDA ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Lodyga-Chruscinska, E (reprint author), Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Gen Food Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. EM elalodyg@p.lodz.pl RI micera, giovanni/C-1655-2012; Sanna, Daniele/G-9021-2011; OI Sanna, Daniele/0000-0001-9299-0141; Lodyga-Chruscinska, Elzbieta/0000-0003-3123-2413 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA PI WARSAW PA PASTEURA 3, 02-093 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-527X J9 ACTA BIOCHIM POL JI Acta Biochim. Pol. PY 2006 VL 53 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 028TL UT WOS:000236511600004 PM 16496037 ER PT S AU Chen, GY AF Chen, Guoying BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI LED-based tetracycline analyzer for field analysis SO Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies IV CY OCT 01-03, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE portable; analyzer; LED; tetracycline; time-resolved luminescence; field analysis ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH FARMS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; RESIDUES; SEDIMENTS AB Tetracycline (TC) is a significant class of antibiotic drugs in human and veterinary medicine. Its extensive use may lead to pollution in the marine environment and residues in foods of animal origin. To perform TC analysis in the field, a portable TC-specific analyzer was developed based on europium-sensitized luminescence. A 385 nm light emitting diode (LED) is used in pulsed mode as the light source to selectively excite TC. In comparison, to a conventional xenon flashlamp, its narrower emission band and cleaner post-pulse extinction lead to reduced background and improved sensitivity. The time-resolved luminescence (TRL) signal is detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) that is gated to minimize its response to the LED pulse. The energy of individual LED pulses is monitored by a photodiode (PD) for signal normalization. Both instrument operation and data processing are controlled by a laptop computer running a custom LabVIEW program. The PD and the PMT signals are acquired at 4-mu s time resolution and 12-bit amplitude resolution. The instrument performance is evaluated using oxytetracycline, a significant member of the TC antibiotics, as a target analyte. The analyzer achieves a 0-3 ppm linear dynamic range (r(2) = 0.9988) and a 0.021-ppb limit of detection with a typical 5% relative standard deviation. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Chen, Guoying/C-6800-2015 OI Chen, Guoying/0000-0001-9532-0696 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6475-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6377 BP U115 EP U123 DI 10.1117/12.686393 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BFQ98 UT WOS:000243903200013 ER PT S AU Kim, MS Cho, BK Chao, KL Lefcourt, AM Liu, YL Chen, YR AF Kim, Moon S. Cho, Byoung-Kwan Chao, Kuanglin Lefcourt, Alan M. Liu, Yongliang Chen, Yud-Ren BE Lee, SS Lee, JH Park, IK Song, SJ Choi, MY TI Detection of contaminants on poultry processing plant equipment using laser-induced fluorescence imaging SO ADVANCED NONDESTRUCTUVE EVALUATION I, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation CY NOV 07-09, 2005 CL Jeki Isl, SOUTH KOREA DE multispectral imaging; laser-induced fluorescence; poultry fecal contamination ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; APPLES; CARCASSES AB Fluorescence techniques have demonstrated great potential for detection of the presence of fecal and other biological substances that can harbor pathogens. We used a recently developed laser-induced fluorescence imaging system (LIFIS) to demonstrate the potential use of fluorescence techniques for detection of a range of diluted poultry feces from various sections of the digestive tract, including gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, ceca, and colon, on processing plant equipment. The use of the LIFIS allowed tunable excitation in the visible with selection of emission wavebands for multispectral imaging. Thus, both fluorescence excitation and emission parameters can be optimized (e.g., 415 nm excitation, and 580 and 630 nm emission bands). The results showed that 1:5 and 1:10 diluted feces samples could be detected with 100% detection rates at the 580 and 630 nm emission bands regardless of feces types. Detection rates for 1:50 and 1:100 diluted samples at the 580-nm band were 96.0 and 89.3%, respectively, and those at the 630-nm band were 94.7 and 84.0%, respectively. Even minute amounts of fecal matter on processing plant equipment surfaces, not clearly visible to the human eye, could be detected. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, BARC W, Powder Mill Rd,Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-412-x J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2006 VL 321-323 BP 1157 EP 1162 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BFE19 UT WOS:000241427900258 ER PT S AU Gill, BS Friebe, B Raupp, WJ Wilson, DL Cox, TS Sears, RG Brown-Guedira, GL Fritz, AK AF Gill, Bikram S. Friebe, Bernd Raupp, W. John Wilson, Duane L. Cox, T. Stan Sears, Rollin G. Brown-Guedira, Gina L. Fritz, Allan K. BE Sparks, DL TI Wheat Genetics Resource Center: The first 25 years SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 89 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID LEAF-RUST-RESISTANCE; HESSIAN FLY-RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME ADDITION LINES; TRANSLOCATIONS CONFERRING RESISTANCE; CHROMATIN SPECIFYING RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS AB The Wheat Genetics Resource Center, a pioneering center without walls, has served the wheat genetics community for 25 years. The Wheat Genetics Resource Center (WGRC) assembled a working collection of over 11,000 wild wheat relatives and cytogenctic stocks for conservation and use in wheat genome analysis and crop improvement. Over 30,000 samples from the WGRC collection of wheat wild relatives, cytogenetic stocks, and improved germplasm have been distributed to scientists in 45 countries and 39 states in the United States. The WGRC and collaborators have developed standard karyotypes of 26 species of the Triticum/Aegilops complex, rye, and some perennial genera of the Triticeae. They have developed over 800 cytogenetic stocks including addition, substitution, and deletion lines. The anchor karyotypes, technical innovations, and associated cytogenetic stocks are a part of the basic tool kit of every wheat geneticist. They have cytogenetically characterized over six-dozen wheat-alien introgression lines. The WGRC has released 47 improved germplasm lines incorporating over 50 novel genes against pathogens and pests; some genes have been deployed in agriculture. The WGRC hosted over three-dozen scientists especially from developing countries for advanced training. The WGRC was engaged in international agriculture through several collaborating projects. Particularly noteworthy was the collaborative project with Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT) on the production of synthetic wheats. It is estimated that "by the year 2003-2004, 26% of all new advanced lines made available through CIMMYT screening nurseries to cooperators for either irrigated or semi-arid conditions were synthetic derivatives." The WGRC is applying genomics tools to further expedite the use of exotic germplasm in wheat crop improvement. (c) 2006, Elsevier Inc. C1 Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. AgriPro Seeds Inc, Junct City, KS 66441 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Gill, BS (reprint author), Wheat Genet Resource Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 326 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000807-6 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2006 VL 89 BP 73 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(05)89002-9 PG 64 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BEK64 UT WOS:000237592100002 ER PT S AU Pepper, LL Brooks, JP Gerba, CP AF Pepper, Lan L. Brooks, John P. Gerba, Charles P. BE Sparks, DL TI Pathogens in biosolids SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 90 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; LAND APPLIED BIOSOLIDS; CLASS-B BIOSOLIDS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; CELL-CULTURE AB The world population of 6.8 billion people all produce sewage. In the developed world most of this is treated by the activated sludge process, which results in large volumes of sludge or biosolids being produced (NRC, 2002). This results in millions of tons of biosolids produced each year in the United States, which must either be disposed of or recycled in some manner. Land application has been seen as the most economical and beneficial way of handling biosolids. Biosolids that result from municipal wastewater treatment processes contain organic matter and nutrients that, when properly treated and applied to farmland, can improve the productivity of soils or enhance revegetation of disturbed ecosystems. However, besides the documented benefits of land application, there are also potential hazards, which have caused the public response to the practice to be mixed. Here we review one of the potential hazards associated with biosolids and its land application, namely human pathogens associated with biosolids. (c) 2006, Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pepper, LL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. NR 142 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000808-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2006 VL 90 BP 1 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(06)90001-7 PG 41 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BFA08 UT WOS:000240466600001 ER PT S AU McLaughlin, SB Kiniry, JR Taliaferro, CM Ugarte, DD AF McLaughlin, Samuel B. Kiniry, James R. Taliaferro, Charles M. Ugarte, Daniel De La Torre BE Sparks, DL TI Projecting yield and utilization potential of switchgrass as an energy crop SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 90 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; RESTRICTED PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; MAIZE HYBRIDS; PLANT-DENSITY; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS TOLERANCE; PROGRESS; GRASSES; POPULATIONS AB The potential utilization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a cellulosic energy crop was evaluated as a component of a projected future national network of biorefineries designed to increase national reliance on renewable energy from American farms. Empirical data on yields of switchgrass from a network of experimental plots were coupled with data on switchgrass physiology and switchgrass breeding progress to provide reasonable expectations for rates of improvement over current yields. Historical breeding success with maize (Zea mays L.) was found to provide a reasonable model for projected linear rates of yield improvement of switchgrass based on documented progress to date. A physiologically based crop production model, ALMANAC, and an econometric model, POLYSYS, were utilized to estimate variability in switchgrass yield and resource utilization across the eastern two-thirds of the United States. ALMANAC provided yield estimates across 27 regional soil types and 13 years of weather data to estimate variability in relative rates of production and water use between switchgrass and maize. Current and future yield projections were used with POLYSYS to forecast rates of adaptation and economic impacts on regional agricultural markets. Significant positive impacts on US markets, including significant increases in farm income and significant reduction in the need for government subsidies, were projected. This was based on expected technological progress in developing biorefineries that will significantly increase national energy self-sufficiency by producing feed protein, transportation fuel, and electrical power from cellulosic feedstocks. (c) 2006, Elsevier Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Tennessee, US DOE, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McLaughlin, SB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000808-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2006 VL 90 BP 267 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(06)90007-8 PG 31 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BFA08 UT WOS:000240466600007 ER PT S AU Kim, I Xu, CZ Kim, MS AF Kim, Intaek Xu, Chengzhe Kim, Moon S. BE Wang, J Yi, Z Zurada, JM Lu, BL Yin, H TI Poultry skin tumor detection in hyperspectral images using radial basis probabilistic neural network SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL NETWORKS - ISNN 2006, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2006) CY MAY 28-31, 2006 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Univ Electr Sci & Technol China, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly, European Neural Network Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn Hong Kong ID CARCASSES; INSPECTION AB This paper presents a method for detecting poultry skin tumors using hyperspectral fluorescence image. New feature space is generated by the ratio of intensities of two bands, the combination of images such that their intensity ratios yield the least false detection rate is selected by minimizing overlap area of normal and tumor's PDFs. Four feature images are chosen and presented as an input to a classifier based on the radial basis probability neural network. ne classifier categorizes the input with three classes, where one is for tumor and two for normal skin pixels. The classification result based on this method shows the improved performance in that the number of false classification is reduced. C1 Myongji Univ, Dept Commun Engn, Yongin, Kyonggido, South Korea. USDA ARS, BA, ANRI, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kim, I (reprint author), Myongji Univ, Dept Commun Engn, 38-2 Namdong, Yongin, Kyonggido, South Korea. EM kit@mju.ac.kr; xcz75@sina.com; kimm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-34482-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2006 VL 3973 BP 770 EP 776 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BET87 UT WOS:000239485300113 ER PT J AU Osborne, S Trueblood, MA AF Osborne, S Trueblood, MA TI An examination of economic efficiency of Russian crop production in the reform period SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Europe; Russia; economic efficiency; agricultural reform; input markets ID FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION; STOCHASTIC FRONTIER; TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY; COST FUNCTION; PANEL-DATA; TRANSITION; AGRICULTURE; DECLINE; MODEL; DEA AB This article examines economic efficiency (EE) of crop production of Russian corporate farms for 1993-1998. EE declined over the period, due to declines in both technical and allocative efficiency. Technical efficiency (TE) results indicate that output levels could have been maintained while reducing overall input use by an average of 29-31% in 1998, depending on the method used, while the allocative efficiency (AE) results show that costs could have been reduced about 30%. The EE scores show that Russian corporate farms could have increased efficiency by reducing the use of all inputs, particularly fertilizer and fuel. Russian agriculture inherited machinery-intensive technology from the Soviet era, which may be inappropriate given the relative abundance of labor in the post-reform environment. Investment constraints have prevented the replacement of old machinery-intensive technology with smaller scale machines that allow for a more labor-using technology. C1 Informa Econ Inc, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Osborne, S (reprint author), Informa Econ Inc, 6862 Elm St, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. EM stefan.osborne@informaecon.com NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00100.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 008KT UT WOS:000235040300003 ER PT J AU Rubenstein, KD AF Rubenstein, KD TI Saving seeds: The economics of conserving crop genetic resources ex situ in the future harvest centres of CGIAR SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, ERS, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Rubenstein, KD (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kday@ers.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00109.x PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 008KT UT WOS:000235040300012 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Cochran, VL AF Conn, JS Cochran, VL TI Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 in the North American Subarctic SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; atmospheric CO2; potato; yield; photosynthesis; open-top chambers; Subarctic ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; PLANT-GROWTH; INCREASING CO2; TOMATO LEAVES; AND/OR OZONE; DRY-MATTER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; YIELD AB The response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Shepody) to elevated CO2 was studied in 1994 at Fairbanks, Alaska using open-top chambers (OTC). Three CO2 exposure levels were used in OTC: ambient (A); A + 175 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 (A + 175); A + 350 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 (A + 350). Plots were also established outside chambers (ANC) to test chamber affects. Potato leaf appearance rate and canopy development did not differ between CO2 treatments. Six plants in each plot were harvested in late July and August. At the first harvest, the number of stems, total stem weight, number of flowers, and total flower dry weight decreased with increasing CO2. Biomass allocated to stems and leaves declined while allocation to tubers increased with elevated CO2. Root:shoot ratio was larger and percent leaf nitrogen declined 12.6% with increased CO2. At the final harvest, total tuber dry weight in A + 350 chambers was 36% higher than in the A treatment, but yields in open-top chamber plots were lower than the no-chamber plots possibly due to 7-14% less photosynthetic active radiation in chambers. Net photosynthesis measurements made on July 13 showed no differences due to CO2 treatment; however, on August 5, net photosynthesis of leaves grown at A + 350 was 53% greater than at ambient CO2. Tuber initiation and growth began between the two photosynthesis measurements. Before tuber initiation, photosynthetic rates may have been down-regulated by insufficient carbon sink capacity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, 360 O Neil Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjsc1@uaf.edu NR 58 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 112 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.010 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002JB UT WOS:000234606600005 ER PT J AU Alagarswamy, G Boote, KJ Allen, LH Jones, JW AF Alagarswamy, G Boote, KJ Allen, LH Jones, JW TI Evaluating the CROPGRO-soybean model ability to simulate photosynthesis response to carbon dioxide levels SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; RADIATION; LEAVES; LIGHT; ASSIMILATION; ACCLIMATION AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] will increase in the future and will affect global climate and ecosystem productivity. Crop models used in past assessments of climate change effect on ecosystem productivity have not been adequately tested for the ability to simulate ecosystem responses to [CO2]. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of the default CROPGRO-Soybean model to predict the responses of net leaf photosynthesis (A) and canopy photosynthesis (A(can)) to photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at different [CO2]. We also compared the default leaf photosynthesis equations in CROPGRO with the full Farquhar equations for ability to predict the response of A to [CO2]. Simulated and observed A and A(can) were light saturated at 800 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPF at ambient [CO2] but did not light saturate at PPF > 1100 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) at elevated [CO2]. Observed and simulated A responded asymptotically to increasing intercellular [CO2]. The CROPGRO default photosynthesis equations and the Farquhar equations simulated A equally well at all [CO2]. Doubled [CO2] increased simulated A by 52% and A(can) by 42%; these values are close to the increases of 39 to 48% for A and 59% for A(can) reported in the literature. Root mean square errors for simulated A and A(can) were low, and Willmott's index of agreement ranged from 0.86 to 0.99, confirming that the CROPGRO model with default photosynthesis equations can be used to evaluate potential effects of [CO2] on soybean photosynthesis and productivity. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Alagarswamy, G (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM alagarsw@msu.edu OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.2134/agronj2004-0298 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100005 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Mosier, AR Reule, CA Bausch, WC AF Halvorson, AD Mosier, AR Reule, CA Bausch, WC TI Nitrogen and tillage effects on irrigated continuous corn yields SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE; SOIL CARBON; NO-TILL; RESIDUE; FERTILIZATION; SYSTEM AB A no-till (NT) production system has potential to reduce soil erosion, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared with a conventional till (CT) system. Nitrogen fertilization (four to six N rates) and tillage system (CT and NT) effects on irrigated, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) yields were evaluated for 5 yr on a clay loam soil to determine the viability of the NT system and N needs for optimum yield. Corn in both NT and CT systems responded similarly to available N supply. Grain yields were significantly increased by N fertilization in both tillage systems, with a 16% higher average maximum yield in the CT than in the NT system. Grain yields were near maximum with an available N (soil + fertilizer N) level of 276 and 268 kg N ha(-1) in the CT and NT systems, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) averaged 43% over N rates and years for both systems. Total N required to produce 1 Mg of grain at maximum yield averaged 19 and 20 kg N Mg-1 grain for the CT and NT systems, respectively. Corn residue increased with increasing N rate with no difference in residue production between tillage systems. The lower grain yield with NT probably resulted from the slow early spring development and delayed tasseling compared with the CT system as a result of cooler spring soil temperatures in the NT system. No-till, irrigated, continuous corn production has potential for replacing CT systems in the central Great Plains area, but with reduced yield potential. Current N fertilizer recommendations for CT corn based on yield goal may need to be modified for NT to account for the lower yield potential and slightly higher N requirement. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Cent Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0174 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100008 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, DA Coblentz, WK Ogden, RK Turner, JE Humphry, JB Coffey, KP Daniel, TC Sauer, TJ Jennings, JA Kellogg, DW AF Scarbrough, DA Coblentz, WK Ogden, RK Turner, JE Humphry, JB Coffey, KP Daniel, TC Sauer, TJ Jennings, JA Kellogg, DW TI Nitrogen partitioning and estimates of degradable intake protein in wilting orchardgrass and bermudagrass hays damaged by simulated rainfall SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; SITU DRY-MATTER; IN-SITU; NET CARBOHYDRATE; ALFALFA HAY; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; QUALITY CHANGES; CRUDE PROTEIN; FORAGE; MATURITY AB This study investigated the effects of simulated rainfall on N partitioning and concentrations of degradable (DIP) or undegradable (UIP) intake protein for wilting orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hays. Orchardgrass forage was wilted to 674, 153, or 41 g kg(-1) of moisture (WET-O, IDEAL-O, and DRY-O, respectively) in the field before applying the simulated rainfall (0, 13, 25, 38, 51, 64, or 76 mm). For WET-O, DIP (g kg(-1) crude protein [CP]) increased cubically (P = 0.020) with simulated rainfall, but the overall range of response was small (653-673 g kg(-1) CP). Estimates of DIP (g kg(-1) CP) for IDEAL-O and DRY-O decreased by 46 and 25 g kg(-1) CP, respectively, between the 0- and 76-mm rainfall increments; for IDEAL-O, these decreases occurred in a linear (P < 0.0001) pattern, whereas quadratic (P = 0.009) and linear (P = 0.029) effects were observed for DRY-O. Bermudagrass forage was field wilted to 761, 400, or 130 g kg(-1) of moisture (WET-B, MID-B, and IDEAL-B, respectively) and evaluated similarly. For WET-B and MID-B, DIP (g kg-1 CP) was not affected (P > 0.05) by simulated rainfall. In contrast, quartic (P = 0.019) and linear (P = 0.002) effects were observed for IDEAL-B, but these responses were confined primarily to changes between the undamaged (0-mm) control and the initial 13-mm rainfall increment. On a practical basis, concentrations of DIP were, at most, altered only moderately in response to simulated rainfall and relatively little when forages were still too wet to bale. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Arkansas Coop Ext Serv, Anim Sci Sect, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. EM coblentz@uark.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0091 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100011 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Runion, GB Kornecki, TS Rogers, HH AF Prior, SA Runion, GB Kornecki, TS Rogers, HH TI A pneumatic device for lifting containers in plant water use studies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Direct gravimetric determinations of whole-plant water use in container studies can be time consuming due to the tremendous labor required to physically lift containers for placement on weighing scales. Our objective was to design and construct a container-weighing system that could be rapidly deployed and required little physical labor. A custom-made support frame, equipped with a pneumatic lifting cylinder connected to a hanging scale, was constructed to lift large plastic containers (45 L) filled with a coarse sandy medium (> 70 kg when saturated with water). Custom lifting arms designed to catch the handles of the plastic containers were constructed for attachment to the scale. The support frame weighing apparatus was positioned over the container, and the pneumatic lifting cylinder was activated only after lifting arms had been attached to the plastic container. As many as 25 large plastic containers could be weighed per hour with this system. The weighing system has been successfully used to follow plant water use patterns over time. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM sprior@acesag.auburn.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.00104 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100015 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Rowe, DE Read, JJ AF Adeli, A Rowe, DE Read, JJ TI Effects of soil type on bermudagrass response to broiler litter application SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TERM LAND APPLICATION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; POULTRY LITTER; RUMINANT NUTRITION; APPLIED NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; MANURE; EFFLUENT; MINERALIZATION; WASTES AB A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of soil type on the response of 'Russell' bermudagrass [Cynodon daclylon (L.) Pers.] to broiler litter applications. Soils included Leeper clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquept), Marietta silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fraglossudalf), and Ruston sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudult). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement of treatments replicated three times. Soil was used as main plot factor and broiler litter rates of 0, 4.6, 9.2, an 13.8 Mg ha(-1) equivalent to approximately 0, 175, 350, and 525 kg total N ha(-1) yr(-1) were considered as subplot. The changes in dry matter yield (DMY) decreased in the order of Ruston > Leeper > Marietta. Regardless of soil type, broiler litter rates > 350 kg total N ha-1 did not increase DMY yield and nutrient uptake. Bermudagrass N concentration increased as broiler litter rate increased and the greatest value was recorded for Marietta soil, 24.2 g kg(-1). The large DMY observed in Ruston soil diluted plant N concentration to about 23.7 g kg-1 despite high percentage N recovery. Bermudagrass P concentration was not affected by either broiler litter rate or soil type. Bermudagrass K concentration increased as broiler litter rate increased and was greatest on Ruston soil (23.5 g kg(-1)). Recovery efficiency for N and K was approximately 60% greater in Ruston than in Marietta and Leeper soils and was reflected in residual soil NO3-N and P concentrations that decreased in the order of Marietta > Leeper > Ruston. Application of broiler litter to bermudagrass grown on the Ruston soil appears to be more sustainable. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aadeli@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0205 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100019 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Griffith, SM Mueller-Warrant, GW Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM Elliott, LF AF Steiner, JJ Griffith, SM Mueller-Warrant, GW Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM Elliott, LF TI Conservation practices in western Oregon perennial grass seed systems: I. Impacts of direct seeding and maximal residue management on production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CEREAL COMPANION CROPS; CREEPING RED; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ESTABLISHMENT; RYEGRASS; CULTIVARS; STUBBLE AB Recent legislative actions addressing concerns about water and air quality have placed restrictions on open field burning and other grass seed production practices. Because of natural resource quality concerns and economic pressures, there is a need to identify production systems that protect natural resources while still providing economic returns to grass seed farmers. A 10-yr field study was conducted at three locations in western Oregon. We compared the effects of direct seeding (DS) with conventional tillage (CT) establishment, combined with maximal (HR) and minimal (LR) residue management, on seed yield, straw phyotomass yield, partial budget costs, and estimated soil erosion from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and creeping red fescue (F rubra L.). Perennial ryegrass (PRG) and tall fescue (TF) seed yields were greater using DS, whereas creeping red fescue (CRF) yields were unaffected. Seed yield from all three crops was unaffected by residue management amount. Both DS and HR reduced soil erosion and cost less to implement than CT and LR by straw baling and removal. Compared with the industry standard practice of LR management plus CT establishment, use of HR combined with DS reduced soil erosion 76.9, 70.2, and 40.0% for PRG, TF, and CRF, respectively. The cost savings using the DS-HR conservation system compared with the CTLR farm standard were 60, 76, and 84%, respectively. It was also observed that nonmarket opportunities have resulted from implementation of the alternative conservation practices. These research findings document the suitability of DS used in combination with HR in maritime Pacific Northwest region perennial grass seed production systems without needing postharvest straw removal. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Cent, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Cent, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steinerj@onid.orst.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.003 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100023 ER PT J AU Bauerle, WL Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA Anantharamu, S AF Bauerle, WL Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA Anantharamu, S TI Adaptation of the biological simulation model MAESTRA for use in a generic user interface SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RED MAPLE; IN-VIVO; FOREST; GROWTH; TREE; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE AB Application of process-based models beyond the research community has been limited, in part because they do not operate in an intuitive graphical user-friendly environment. This article describes the procedure of adapting a spatially explicit biological-process model, MAESTRA (Multi-Array Evaporation Stand Tree Radiation A), to run in a standard graphical user interface (GUI). The methods used to adapt the MAESTRA model are generally applicable to other individual tree process-based models and, therefore, should simplify other coupling attempts. The three primary changes to MAESTRA were the placement of the MAESTRA code inside a Microsoft Windows API (application programming interface) function called WINMAIN, rearrangement of the input file structure to fit the hierarchical Me structure used by the Graphical User Interface for Crop Simulations (GUICS), and the addition of iteration counters to read array-based data read for each array within the MAESTRA input files. The procedure of adapting MAESTRA's input structure and interface design should allow other forest stand process-based models to work within GUICS. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bauerle, WL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM bauerle@clemson.edu OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0109 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009JN UT WOS:000235108100029 ER PT J AU Nichols, NN Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Cotta, MA AF Nichols, Nancy N. Dien, Bruce S. Bothast, Rodney J. Cotta, Michael A. BE Minteer, S TI The Corn Ethanol Industry SO ALCOHOLIC FUELS SE Chemical Industries LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FERMENTATION; FIBER; RECOVERY; SYSTEM; ACID C1 [Nichols, Nancy N.; Dien, Bruce S.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Bothast, Rodney J.] So Illinois Univ, Natl Corn Ethanol Res Ctr, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Nichols, NN (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3944-8 J9 CHEM IND-SER PY 2006 VL 112 BP 59 EP 78 D2 10.1201/9781420020700 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BKX96 UT WOS:000269569600005 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Jung, HJG Lamb, JFS AF Samac, Deborah A. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Lamb, JoAnn F. S. BE Minteer, S TI Development of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a Feedstock for Production of Ethanol and Other Bioproducts SO ALCOHOLIC FUELS SE Chemical Industries LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; FORAGE QUALITY; STEM TISSUES; FIBER; LEAF; SACCHARIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; DEGRADABILITY; FERMENTATION; PRETREATMENT C1 [Samac, Deborah A.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Lamb, JoAnn F. S.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3944-8 J9 CHEM IND-SER PY 2006 VL 112 BP 79 EP 98 D2 10.1201/9781420020700 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BKX96 UT WOS:000269569600006 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Karcher, P Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, Thaddeus C. Qureshi, Nasib Karcher, Patrick Blaschek, Hans P. BE Minteer, S TI Production of Butanol from Corn SO ALCOHOLIC FUELS SE Chemical Industries LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; CONTINUOUS SOLVENT PRODUCTION; ACETONE-BUTANOL; WHEY PERMEATE; ABE FERMENTATION; ETHANOL ABE; MUTANT STRAIN; ACETOBUTYLICUM; RECOVERY; PERVAPORATION AB The last few decades have witnessed dramatic improvements made in the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass and fermentation derived butanol production from corn is no exception. The art of producing butanol from corn that existed during World Wars I and II is no longer seen as an art but rather as science. Recent developments have brought, once again, the forgotten acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) fermentation from corn closer to commercialization. Superior strains have been developed, along with state-of-the-art upstream, downstream, and fermentation technologies. Butanol can be produced not only from corn starch as was done decades ago, but also from corn coproducts such as corn fiber and corn steep liquor (CSL) as a nutrient supplement. These additional substrates add to the improved yield and superior economics of the butanol process. Downstream processing technologies have enabled the use of concentrated sugar solutions to be fermented, thereby resulting in improved process efficiencies. Application of fed-batch fermentation in combination with in situ/inline product recovery by gas stripping and pervaporation is seen as a superior technology for scale-up of butanol production. Similarly, continuous fermentations (immobilized cell and cell recycle) have resulted in dramatic improvement in reactor productivities. This chapter details all the above developments that have been made for production of butanol from corn. As of today, butanol production from corn is competitive with petrochemically produced butanol. C1 [Ezeji, Thaddeus C.; Karcher, Patrick; Blaschek, Hans P.] Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Ezeji, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-3944-8 J9 CHEM IND-SER PY 2006 VL 112 BP 99 EP 122 D2 10.1201/9781420020700 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BKX96 UT WOS:000269569600007 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Peterson, JK Snook, ME AF Harrison, HF Peterson, JK Snook, ME TI Sweetpotato storage root phenolics inhibit in-vitro growth of Erwinia chrysanthemi SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacterial rot; Erwinia chrysanthemi; host plant resistance; polyphenol; sweet potato ID IPOMOEA-BATATAS; CAFFEIC ACID; RESISTANCE; ROT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMISTRY; INVITRO; DISEASE; ESTERS; PLANTS C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), Russell Res Ctr, Room 348,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30601 USA. EM hharrison@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 998TW UT WOS:000234343800007 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Whitley, DS AF Keyser, JD Whitley, DS TI Sympathetic magic in western North American rock art SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Review ID GREAT-BASIN; PLAINS; ARCHAEOLOGY; CALIFORNIA AB Much rock art worldwide was traditionally interpreted in terms of "hunting magic," in part based on the related concept of "sympathetic magic." In the last forty years, these interpretations were disproven in many regions and now are largely ignored as potential explanations for the origin and function of the art. In certain cases this may be premature. Examination of the ethnographic and archaeological evidence from western North America supports the origin of some art in sympathetic magic (often related to sorcery) in both California and the Plains and provides a case for hunting magic as one of a series of ritual reasons for making rock art in the Columbia Plateau. Both case studies emphasize the potential diversity in origin, function, and symbolism of shamanistic rock art. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 1815 SW DeWitt, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM jkeyser@fs.fed.us; huitli@adelphia.net NR 121 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 71 IS 1 BP 3 EP 26 PG 24 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 010FS UT WOS:000235173100001 ER PT J AU Mazariegos, M Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Westcott, JE Lei, S Grunwald, GK Campos, R Barahona, B Raboy, V Solomons, NW AF Mazariegos, M Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Westcott, JE Lei, S Grunwald, GK Campos, R Barahona, B Raboy, V Solomons, NW TI Zinc absorption in Guatemalan schoolchildren fed normal or low-phytate maize SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc bioavailability; stable isotopes; maize; phytic acid; Guatemalan children ID PHYTIC ACID MAIZE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; DIETARY PHYTATE; SOY FORMULA; RANDOMIZED INTERVENTION; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; STABLE ISOTOPES; IRON-ABSORPTION AB Background: Poor bioavailability of zinc from high-phytate diets is an important contributory factor to zinc deficiency in low-income populations. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low-phytate maize consumption on zinc absorption. Design: The participants were apparently healthy children from the Central Highlands of Guatemala. Sixty children (20 per group) were randomly assigned to be fed only the low-phytate maize or 1 of 2 control maizes, the isohybrid wild-type maize or a local maize, for a 10-wk period. During the final week, the fractional absorption of zinc for all meals was measured during Id with the use of zinc stable isotopes and a dual isotope ratio technique based on urine enrichment data. Results: Mean (+/- SD) phytate intakes for the low-phytate, wildtype, and local maize groups were 1536 563, 2056 517, and 2253 +/- 687 mg/d, respectively. Corresponding zinc intakes were 8.6 +/- 2.5, 8.1 +/- 2.0, and 9.7 +/- 2.6 mg/d, and the dietary phytate:zinc molar ratios were 18 +/- 5, 26 +/- 6, and 23 +/- 5. Corresponding fractional absorptions of zinc were 0.32 +/- 0.07, 0.28 +/- 0.07, and 0.29 +/- 0.06. The respective values for total absorbed zinc were 2.72 +/- 0.88, 2.30 +/- 0.96, and 2.78 +/- 1.04 mg/d. No significant differences in either the fractional absorption of zinc or total absorbed zinc were seen between the maize groups. Conclusion: Under the conditions of the present study, zinc absorption was not increased by the long-term use of low-phytate maize in children whose major dietary staple is maize. C1 CESSIAM, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Nutr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Mazariegos, M (reprint author), CESSIAM, 17 Ave 16-89,Zona 11 Interior, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. EM manolomazariegos@yahoo.es FU NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040657]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK48520] NR 45 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 004UX UT WOS:000234779100011 PM 16400050 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Jacques, PF Zhang, XLL Juan, WY McKeown, NM AF Sahyoun, NR Jacques, PF Zhang, XLL Juan, WY McKeown, NM TI Whole-grain intake is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food records; metabolic syndrome; mortality; older adults; whole grains ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIETARY FIBER; RISK-FACTORS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; ARTERY-DISEASE; WOMENS HEALTH; CONSUMPTION; CHOLESTEROL AB Background: Whole-grain intake has been inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged populations, but the association has not been investigated in older adults. The metabolic consequence of consuming high whole-grain diets may differ in elderly persons, who are prone to greater insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional association between whole- and refined-grain intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality in the same cohort of older adults. Design: The nutritional status of 535 healthy persons aged 60-98 y was determined from 1981 to 1984. The subjects kept a 3-d food record and had their blood tested for metabolic risk factors. The metabolic syndrome was defined based on criteria set by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The vital status of the subjects was identified in October 1995. Results: The results showed a significant inverse trend between whole-grain intake and the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.005) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (P for trend = 0.04), independent of demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. Fasting glucose concentrations and body mass index decreased across increasing quartile categories of whole-grain intake (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively), independent of confounders, whereas intake of refined grain was positively associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (P for trend = 0.04) and a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (P for trend = 0.01). Conclusion: Whole-grain intake is a modifiable dietary risk factor, and older and young adults should be encouraged to increase their daily intake to >= 3 servings/d. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 12 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nsahyoun@umd.edu NR 47 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 004UX UT WOS:000234779100021 PM 16400060 ER PT J AU Zhao, XF Aldini, G Johnson, EJ Rasmussen, H Kraemer, K Woolf, H Musaeus, N Krinsky, NI Russell, RM Yeum, KJ AF Zhao, XF Aldini, G Johnson, EJ Rasmussen, H Kraemer, K Woolf, H Musaeus, N Krinsky, NI Russell, RM Yeum, KJ TI Modification of lymphocyte DNA damage by carotenoid supplementation in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE mixed carotenoids; lutein; beta-carotene; lycopene; DNA damage; comet assay; elderly women ID CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; REDUCES GENETIC-DAMAGE; BETA-CAROTENE; COMET ASSAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TOMATO CONSUMPTION; CANCER-PATIENTS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION AB Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases related to aging such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Carotenoids could be a part of a protective strategy to minimize oxidative damage in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly. Objective: Our aim was to determine the protective effect of carotenoids against DNA damage. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted. Thirty-seven healthy, nonsmoking postmenopausal women aged 50-70 y were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups and were instructed to consume a daily dose of mixed carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene; 4 mg each), 12 mg of a single carotenoid (beta-carotene, lutein, or lycopene), or placebo for 56 d. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were analyzed by using HPLC, and lymphocyte DNA damage was measured by using a single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Results: At day 57, all carotenoid-supplemented groups showed significantly lower endogenous DNA damage than at baseline (P < 0.01), whereas the placebo group did not show any significant change. Significantly less (P < 0.05) endogenous DNA damage was found as early as day 15 in the mixed carotenoid (P < 0.01) and beta-carotene (P < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that carotenoid supplementation decreases DNA damage and that a combination of carotenoids (4 mg each of lutein, beta-carotene, and lycopene), an intake that can be achieved by diet, or a larger dose (12 mg) of individual carotenoids exerts protection against DNA damage. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. BASF AG, D-6700 Ludwigshafen, Germany. BASF Corp, Florham Pk, NJ USA. BASF Hlth & Nutr AS, Ballerup, Denmark. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kyungjin.yeum@tufts.edu OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744 NR 54 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 004UX UT WOS:000234779100026 PM 16400064 ER PT J AU Lin, H Walker, MA Hu, R Granett, J AF Lin, H Walker, MA Hu, R Granett, J TI New simple sequence repeat loci for the study of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) genetics and host adaptation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE phylloxera; microsatellite; parthenogenesis; genetic diversity ID VITIS; FITCH; POPULATIONS; ROOTSTOCKS; HEMIPTERA; AUSTRALIA; HOMOPTERA; DNA AB Vineyard damage due to grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, has been controlled by resistant rootstocks for over 100 years. There are now a wide range of rootstocks used in California vineyards since the collapse of AXR#1. To study the effect of this rootstock diversity on phylloxera genetics and possible host adaptation, a set of microsatellite primers were developed to augment the four produced by Corrie and colleagues (2002). In order to develop more microsatellite loci to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of these markers for use in genetic diversity and rootstock adaptation studies, a subtractive-based hybridization strategy was used to construct microsatellite enriched genomic libraries from grape phylloxera DNA. Fifty loci were identified for primer design. Nineteen produced good PCR products, seven of which reliably detected polymorphisms across the 32 grape phylloxera populations tested. These seven SSR loci were used to distinguish genetic diversity in California and European grape phylloxera populations. Results confirm the utility of these loci for analyzing genetic diversity, "finger-printing" strains, and studying host associations. A significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the tested California populations suggests that parthenogenesis is perhaps the primary, if not only, reproductive system in California. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93548 USA. RP Walker, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM awalker@ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 030FE UT WOS:000236618800004 ER PT J AU Schneider, SM Ajwa, H Trout, TJ AF Schneider, SM Ajwa, H Trout, TJ TI Chemical alternatives to methyl bromide for nematode control under vineyard replant conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE drip fumigation; fallow; nematode; resistance ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SOIL FUMIGANT; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; DRIP IRRIGATION; IODIDE; MANAGEMENT; CARROT; CROPS AB Vineyard replant disorder is a disease of unknown etiology, currently controlled by methyl bromide fumigation. While not all the components of the disease are known, plant-parasitic nematode densities are often high in vineyard replant soils. Alternatives to the broadly effective general biocide, methyl bromide, are needed for vineyards replanted after January 2005, when import and manufacture of methyl bromide was banned except for exempted quarantine uses and approved critical uses. Two field trials were conducted in vineyards that had been planted to own-rooted Thompson Seedless grapes for 70 to 85 years and were known to support populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. In a randomized block design with five or six replicates per trial, shank-injected and/or drip-applied propargyl bromide (> 207 kg ha(-1)), iodomethane + chloropicrin (50:50, > 269 kg ha(-1) drip-applied), and 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin (InLine, 468 L ha(-1)) provided control of plant-parasitic nematodes throughout the first growing season similar to control achieved with methyl bromide (507 kg ha(-1)). Chloropicrin (448 kg ha(-1)) provided less nematode control than methyl bromide, but significantly greater control than untreated. An experimental drip formulation of sodium azide (Agrizide, 336 kg ha(-1)) was insufficient to control nematodes under vineyard replant conditions. Although vine growth in the treated plots was generally greater than in the untreated plots, growth was greater with methyl bromide than with the alternative chemicals. Alternatives to methyl bromide for nematode control in sandy loam soils were documented, but acceptable alternatives for the management of the complex vineyard replant disorder are more elusive. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Schneider, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM sschneider@fresno.ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 058ID UT WOS:000238657800009 ER PT J AU Mills, LJ Ferguson, JC Keller, M AF Mills, LJ Ferguson, JC Keller, M TI Cold-hardiness evaluation of grapevine buds and cane tissues SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; cultivar; supercooling; exotherm; DTA analysis; bud; phloem; xylem ID DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL-ANALYSIS; DORMANT BUDS; FLOWER BUDS; INJURY; CULTIVARS AB A system for differential thermal analysis (DTA) was constructed to assess cold hardiness of grapevine buds and cane tissues. This updated system incorporated a sample chamber of our own design with a commercially available programmable freezer and data acquisition system (DAS). Thermoelectric modules (TEM) were used to sense exotherms that are produced when water or tissues freeze. The TEM signals recorded by the DAS at 15 see intervals were downloaded directly to an Excel spreadsheet. The DTA system was designed to test up to 35 samples of five buds or three canes per TEM simultaneously. Bud and cane low temperature exotherms (LTE) recorded by this system correlated very closely with those of a standard system, and the extent of cane phloem and xylem injury, based on tissue browning, corresponded well with expected injury based on LTE analysis. The LTEs of moist buds were 3 degrees C to 4 degrees C higher and those of moist canes 2 degrees C higher than LTEs of corresponding dry tissues, indicating that surface moisture increases the susceptibility to cold injury. Cold hardiness of eight grape cultivars increased from late fall through mid-January, after which buds and canes began to deacclimate. Riesling was the hardiest of all cultivars tested. Chardonnay reached similar levels in midwinter, but was considerably less hardy in late fall and late winter. Pinot gris and Viognier were the least hardy among the white winegrape cultivars. Among red winegrape cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon was generally the hardiest and Merlot the least hardy, with Malbec and Syrah being intermediate. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM mkeller@wsu.edu NR 17 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 058ID UT WOS:000238657800010 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Rizzo, DM AF Baumgartner, Kendra Rizzo, David M. TI Resistant grapevine rootstocks for control of Armillaria root disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 383A EP 383A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 090ET UT WOS:000240934100025 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Baumgartner, K AF Cheng, Xiaomei Baumgartner, Kendra TI Microbial utilization of nitrogen from vineyard cover crops SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 384A EP 384A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 090ET UT WOS:000240934100029 ER PT J AU Uyemoto, JK Smith, RJ Rowhani, A AF Uyemoto, Jerry K. Smith, Rhonda J. Rowhani, Adib TI Investigations of necrotic unions in different clones of Pinot noir on 110R SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkuyemoto@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 386A EP 386A PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 090ET UT WOS:000240934100039 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Rizzo, DM AF Baumgartner, Kendra Rizzo, David M. TI Relative resistance of grapevine rootstocks to Armillaria root disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Armillaria mellea; disease resistance; screening technique; Vitis vinifera ID NORTH-AMERICA; MELLEA; OSTOYAE; INFECTION; BARK; ROT; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; INOCULATION; CALIFORNIA AB Grapevine rootstocks were screened for resistance to infection by Armillaria mellea, the pathogen that causes Armillaria root disease. The first objective was to determine which factors hasten colonization of grapevines by A. mellea in order to develop the most rapid inoculation technique. Results showed that wounding the root collar bark and vascular cambium did not significantly increase infection rate (p = 1.0), that young vines were infected significantly faster than older vines (p = 0.03), and that fine roots (<= 5 mm diam) were not susceptible to infection. Based on these findings, the inoculation technique was modified and used to inoculate dormant rootings of eight rootstocks in the greenhouse. After two years, the root collars were examined for the presence of mycelial fans of A. mellea and infection was confirmed by culture. The rootstock Freedom had the lowest frequency of infection (7%) and was the most resistant rootstock (p = 0.0016). Rootstocks O39-16, 5C, Riparia Gloire, and 3309C had the highest frequencies of infection with 63%, 73%, 79%, and 85%, respectively. Rootstocks St. George, Ramsey, and 110R had intermediate frequencies of infection. Results suggest that Freedom and, to a lesser extent, St. George, Ramsey, and I I OR will be useful components of an integrated management strategy for Armillaria root disease. Resistant rootstocks may decrease the rate of colonization of grapevines in A. mellea-infested vineyards, thereby reducing yield losses from Armillaria root disease. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 127UG UT WOS:000243611200002 ER PT J AU Stamatiadis, S Taskos, D Tsadilas, C Christofides, C Tsadila, E Schepers, JS AF Stamatiadis, Stamatis Taskos, Dimitris Tsadilas, Christos Christofides, Calhopi Tsadila, Eleftheria Schepers, James S. TI Relation of ground-sensor canopy reflectance to biomass production and grape color in two Merlot vineyards SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE NDVI; WDRVI; topography; grape phenols; grape anthocyanins ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; REMOTE ESTIMATION; VEGETATION; PHENOLOGY; SUNLIGHT; BERRIES; VALLEY AB Recent studies with optical remote sensing have demonstrated the relationship between canopy reflectance, biomass production, and certain quality attributes of grapes in red winegrape vineyards. Multispectral reflectance data are currently delivered by airborne platforms, but may not be available to producers in time to implement critical management decisions. Ground-based sensors are designed to overcome many limitations associated with satellite- or aircraft-based sensing systems. This study provides information about the potential of ground-based canopy sensors in predicting biomass production and quality attributes of grapes in two Merlot vineyards. Multispectral sensors were mounted on a tractor and recorded canopy reflectance from two different viewing angles and fields of view along selected rows of vines. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was compared to pruning weight, phenol, anthocyanin, and sugar content of grapes measured in 25 to 32 sampling positions within each vineyard over two growing seasons. Sensor canopy reflectance predicted the spatial variation of biomass production in the two vineyards with varying degrees of precision. A nadir viewing angle of the canopy near veraison provided estimates of NDVI that were better predictors of biomass production, while masking the sensor optics provided more reliable estimates of canopy reflectance. The quadratic relationship between NDVI and pruning weight improved with decreasing sensor resolution (from one plant to four plants). A negative correlation between canopy reflectance and anthocyanin content of grapes was significant in one of the two vineyards and implied an inverse relationship between biomass production and grape color. Results demonstrate the potential value of proximal remote sensing in optimizing production, improving wine quality, and reducing chemical inputs. C1 Goulandris Nat Hist Museam, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, GR-14562 Kifisia, Greece. Boutari SA, GR-61300 Goumenissa, Greece. Natl Agr Res Fdn, Inst Soil Classificat & Mapping, GR-41335 Larisa, Greece. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stamatiadis, S (reprint author), Goulandris Nat Hist Museam, Gaia Environm Res & Educ Ctr, Soil Ecol & Biotechnol Lab, 13 Levidou St, GR-14562 Kifisia, Greece. EM stam@gnhm.gr NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 EI 1943-7749 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 127UG UT WOS:000243611200003 ER PT J AU Dragoni, D Lakso, AN Piccioni, RM Tarara, JM AF Dragoni, Danilo Lakso, Alan N. Piccioni, Richard M. Tarara, Julie M. TI Transpiration of grapevines in the humid northeastern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE vineyard; sap flow; crop coefficient; water use; Vitis labruscana ID SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-BALANCE METHOD; THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES; WATER-USE; APPLE-TREES; GAS-EXCHANGE; IRRIGATED GRAPEVINES; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; PULSE TECHNIQUE; STEMS AB For irrigation design and scheduling, water use of crops is commonly estimated from grass reference evapotranspiration (ET0) estimates multiplied by published crop coefficients (k(c)). This method is assumed to stabilize kc across climates because of the response of ET0 to meteorological variables. However, the simple application of reference grass-based kc models may not be accurate in a cool, humid climate, especially for sparse and tall crops where stomatal regulation is well-coupled to bulk air and sensible and latent heat exchanges may have a different dynamic than in grass. The aim of this work was to measure actual transpiration in a vineyard in the humid climate of New York and compare the results with the estimates obtained using the reference grass-based crop coefficient model. Measurements of water use in Concord grapevines (Vitis labruscana Bailey) were made with heatbalance sap-flow gauges calibrated against canopy gas exchange chambers. Daily ET0 was estimated from meteorological data acquired by a nearby weather station. Daily transpiration rates per single vine ranged between 15 and 40 L day(-1), with hourly rate peaks of 4 L hr(-1). Water use declined during the hottest and driest part of the season, probably due to either water or heat stress. Results suggest that even in humid climates, grapevines might require irrigation occasionally. The reference grass-based k(c) was inadequate to quantify the degree of coupling between stomatal regulation of transpiration and bulk air conditions, specifically vapor pressure deficit. Overall, results suggest the necessity of developing crop-specific models for water management. C1 New York State Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Lakso, AN (reprint author), New York State Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM anl2@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 EI 1943-7749 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 460 EP 467 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 127UG UT WOS:000243611200008 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC AF Shellie, Krista C. TI Vine and berry response of merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) to differential water stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE winegrape; evapotranspiration; leaf water potential; regulated deficit irrigation ID WINE QUALITY; DEFICITS; IRRIGATION; PRESSURE; GROWTH; GRAPES; YIELD AB Merlot vines were drip-irrigated with 100, 70, or 35% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) or 35% ET until veraison followed by 70% ETc until harvest. Midday leaf water potential (T) differed among irrigation regimes and ranged from -0.9 to -1.7 MPa, with a 0.3 to 0.5 MPa difference between 35 and 100% ETc. Decline in shoot growth, berry size, cluster weight, yield, trunk growth, cluster number, and berry titratable acidity corresponded with a decline in psi. Increasing irrigation from 35 to 70% ET, at veraison consumed 30% less water producing similar yield and quality as the 70% ETc treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 29603 U I Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM kshellie@uidaho.edu NR 22 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 514 EP 518 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 127UG UT WOS:000243611200018 ER PT J AU Young, ME AF Young, ME TI The circadian clock within the heart: potential influence on myocardial gene expression, metabolism, and function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anticipation; cardiovascular; diurnal variations; zeitgeber ID ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; TIME-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; KINASE-I-EPSILON; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; SHIFT WORKERS; PPAR-ALPHA; INHIBITOR-1 GENE AB It is becoming increasingly clear that the intrinsic properties of both the heart and vasculature exhibit dramatic oscillations over the course of the day. Diurnal variations in the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to environmental stimuli are mediated by a complex interplay between extracellular (i. e., neurohumoral factors) and intracellular (i. e., circadian clock) influences. The intracellular circadian clock is composed of a series of transcriptional modulators that together allow the cell to perceive the time of day, thereby enabling preparation for an anticipated stimulus. These molecular timepieces have been characterized recently within both vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, giving rise to a multitude of hypotheses relating to the potential role(s) of the circadian clock as a modulator of physiological and pathophysiological cardiovascular events. For example, evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that the circadian clock within the heart modulates myocardial metabolism, which in turn facilitates anticipation of diurnal variations in workload, substrate availability, and/or the energy supply-to-demand ratio. The purpose of this review is therefore to summarize our current understanding of the molecular events governing diurnal variations in the intrinsic properties of the heart, with special emphasis on the intramyocardial circadian clock. Whether impairment of this molecular mechanism contributes toward cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, shift work, sleep apnea, and/or obesity will be discussed. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 162 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 1 BP H1 EP H16 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00582.2005 PG 16 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 996BA UT WOS:000234148200001 PM 16373589 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H James, S Novy, RG Love, S AF Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H James, S Novy, RG Love, S TI Development and evaluation of potato breeding lines with introgressed resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breeding; germplasm; nematode resistance; Solanum bulbocastanum; Solanum hougasii; Solanum tuberosum; Meloidogyne chitwoodi ID SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; CULTIVATED POTATO; M-FALLAX; WILD; POPULATION; TUBEROSUM; HOUGASII; TESTS; HAPLA AB Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) (CRN) is a serious pest of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Because this nematode can reproduce rapidly within a single growing season, small initial populations are capable of causing crop loss in the Columbia Basin of Washington or Oregon. Presently, son fumigation is the main treatment for controlling CRN on potato. Developing potato varieties with resistance to CRN is highly desirable to reduce the cost of control and to alleviate concerns about the effects of fumigants on the environment. Resistance to CRN race 1 was found in two wild Solanum species. Resistance from S. bulbocastanum was introduced via protoplast fusion and from S. hougasii via sexual hybridization. Subsequent breeding consisted of repeated backcrossing and selection. The dominant monogenic inheritance was expressed in undiminished fashion across several backcross generations. When tested in replicated trials in three locations, selected resistant clones from the BC4 and BC5 of the S. bulbocastanum introgression populations had total marketable yields and yields of >113-g (4 oz) tubers as good or better than standard potato varieties tested in replicated yield trials in three locations. Percentage of tubers weighing more than 113 g in the highest yielding clones was not significantly different from commercial standards. The resistance phenotype, typified by failure of the nematode to reproduce on the root systems, was sufficiently effective to prevent economic damage in a field exposure. All CRN-resistant clones are pollen sterile. Germplasm listed is available upon request. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Madras, OR USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 019JA UT WOS:000235830200001 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Whitworth, JL Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE Knowles, NR Pavek, MJ Olsen, N Inglis, DA AF Novy, RG Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Whitworth, JL Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE Knowles, NR Pavek, MJ Olsen, N Inglis, DA TI Defender: A high-yielding, processing potato cultivar with foliar and tuber resistance to late blight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety; breeding; vitamin C; organic production ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; GERMPLASM; CLONES AB The potato cultivar Defender is high-yielding, white-skinned, and notable for having foliar and tuber resistance to late blight infection caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. It was released in 2004 by the USDA-ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Defender is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen potato products directly from the field or from storage. Defender also may be used for fresh markets in regions such as California, where cultivars with long tubers and white skin are traditionally grown. Resistances to late blight and other potato diseases make Defender an ideal candidate for organic potato production. Defender consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than 'Russet Burbank' in Idaho trials. In early harvest trials conducted in the western U.S., average total yields of Defender were 17% and 23% greater than yields for 'Ranger Russet' and 'Shepody', respectively. In full-season trials conducted in the western U.S., Defender averaged 10% and 15% higher yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. Specific gravity of Defender is consistently high, with values comparable to those of Ranger Russet; tuber ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) levels are also high. In addition to late blight, Defender also is resistant to tuber early blight (Alternaria solani, (Ellis & G. Martin), L.R. Jones & Grout), potato virus X, and net necrosis; it has moderate levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, Kleb), pink rot, foliar early blight, corky ringspot, and Erwinia soft rot. Defender is susceptible to scab (common and powdery) and potato leafroll virus; it has moderate susceptibility to dry rot (Fusarium spp.) and potato virus Y. Susceptibilities to internal necrosis, tuber greening, and blackspot bruise also have been noted, but may be minimized through cultural and harvest practices. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Twin Falls R&E Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon R&E Unit, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM rnovy@uidaho.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 019JA UT WOS:000235830200002 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Ospina-Giraldo, M Deahl, K AF Jones, RW Ospina-Giraldo, M Deahl, K TI Gene silencing indicates a role for potato endoglucanase inhibitor protein in germplasm resistance to late blight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora; infestans; xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; CELL WALL; RNA; LEAVES; VIRUS; DEGRADATION; SUPPRESSION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; CLONES AB Durable resistance to late blight is believed to be dependent on genes other than R genes. Reduced rates of lesion expansion, as found in the germplasm B 0767-2, can provide durable resistance by limiting tissue damage and reducing pathogen populations. We have tested the role of the proteinaceous xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor (XEIP) in limiting late blight lesion expansion in B 0767-2. Plant material was silenced for the XEIP using localized infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring pCAMBIA 1302 containing an antisense copy of XEIP. Plant cell transformations with this construct induced effective silencing as indicated by a reduction of up to 80% in XEIP transcript levels. Silencing of XEIP resulted in a marked increase in lesion size and water soaking, indicating that the inhibitor protein plays a role in limiting lesion expansion in B 0767-2. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Wilkes Univ, Dept Biol, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jonesr@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 019JA UT WOS:000235830200005 ER PT J AU Lambert, DH Reeves, AF Goth, RW Grounds, GS Giggie, EA AF Lambert, DH Reeves, AF Goth, RW Grounds, GS Giggie, EA TI Relative susceptibility of potato varieties to Streptomyces scabiei and S. acidiscabies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE common scab ID SP-NOV; COMMON SCAB; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; THAXTOMIN-A; SP. NOV; STRAINS; RESISTANCE; CLUSTER; CANADA; ACID AB In 2000 and 2004, 19 potato varieties were grown in separate plots inoculated with the scab pathogens Streptomyces scabiei and S. acidiscabies. Reaction of the varieties to these two species were highly correlated in both years, with no host variety-pathogen species interaction. These results are consistent with the central role of the bacterial toxin thaxtomin in scab development, and indicate that this and other mechanisms involved in pathogen infection and establishment are not expressed differentially with regard to variety. Likewise, there is no apparent differential response of the pathogens to those host factors determining the degrees of resistance and symptoms expressed in different varieties. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Aroostook Res Farm, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lambert, DH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM lambert@maine.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 019JA UT WOS:000235830200008 ER PT J AU Laves, KS Loeb, SC AF Laves, KS Loeb, SC TI Differential estimates of southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) population structure based on capture method SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMALS; MICROTUS-TOWNSENDII; HOME-RANGE; LIVE-TRAP; ABUNDANCE; PITFALL; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB It is commonly assumed that population estimates derived from trapping small mammals are accurate and unbiased or that estimates derived from different capture methods are comparable. We captured southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) using two methods to study their effect on red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) reproductive success. Southern flying squirrels were captured at and removed from 30 red-cockaded woodpecker cluster sites during March to July 1994 and 1995 using Sherman traps placed in a grid encompassing a red-cockaded woodpecker nest tree and by hand from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities. Totals of 195 (1994) and 190 (1995) red-cockaded woodpecker cavities were examined at least three times each year. Trappability of southern flying squirrels in Sherman traps was significantly greater in 1995 (1.18%; 22,384 trap nights) than in 1994 (0.42%; 20,384 trap nights), and capture rate of southern flying squirrels in cavities was significantly greater in 1994 (22.7%; 502 cavity inspections) than in 1995 (10.8%; 555 cavity inspections). However, more southern flying squirrels were captured per cavity inspection than per Sherman trap night in both years. Male southern flying squirrels were more likely to be captured from cavities than in Sherman traps in 1994, but not in 1995. Both male and female juveniles were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps in both years. In 1994 males in reproductive condition were more likely to be captured in cavities than in traps and in 1995 we captured significantly more reproductive females in cavities than in traps. Our data suggest that population estimates based solely on one trapping method may not represent true population size or structure of southern flying squirrels. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 155 IS 1 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[0237:DEOSFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006MV UT WOS:000234902500021 ER PT B AU Maleki, SJ AF Maleki, S. J. BE Iijima, S Nishijima, KI TI Characterization of peanut specific T cells SO Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, Vol 14 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Association-for-Animal-Cell-Technology CY NOV 15-18, 2004 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP Japanese Assoc Anim Cell Technol ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; FOOD ALLERGY; IDENTIFICATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE; SERA C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-4312-0 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1007/1-4020-4457-7_2 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA BET14 UT WOS:000239408400002 ER PT J AU Ferreira, RR Meinhardt, LW Azevedo, RA AF Ferreira, R. R. Meinhardt, L. W. Azevedo, R. A. TI Lysine and threonine biosynthesis in sorghum seeds: characterisation of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase isoenzymes SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amino acids; aspartate kinase; cereal crops; lysine; nitrogen; nutritional balance; threonine ID REDUCTASE-SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASE; ENDOSPERM PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; BIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; FLOURY MUTATIONS; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; RICE SEEDS; PLANTS AB Aspartate kinase (AK, EC 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSDH, EC 1.1.1.3) have been partially purified and characterised from immature sorghum seeds. Two peaks of AK activity were eluted by anion-exchange chromatography [diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel] with 183 and 262 mM KCl, and both activities were inhibited by lysine. Similarly, two peaks of HSDH activity were eluted with 145 and 183 mM KCl; the enzyme activity in the first peak in elution order was shown to be resistant to threonine inhibition, whereas the second was sensitive to threonine inhibition. However, following gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S-200), one peak of AK activity co-eluted with HSDH and both activities were sensitive to threonine inhibition, suggesting the presence of a bifunctional threonine-sensitive AK-HSDH isoenzyme with a molecular mass estimated as 167 kDa. The activities of AK and HSDH were studied in the presence of lysine, threonine, methionine, valine, calcium, ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid, calmodulin, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC) and increasing concentrations of KCl. AK was shown to be inhibited by threonine and lysine, confirming the existence of two isoenzymes, one sensitive to threonine and the other sensitive to lysine, the latter being predominant in sorghum seeds. Methionine, SAM plus lysine and AEC also inhibited AK activity; however, increasing KCl concentrations and calcium did not produce any significant effect on AK activity, indicating that calcium does not play a role in AK regulation in sorghum seeds. HSDH also exhibited some inhibition by threonine, but the majority of the activity was not inhibited, thus indicating the existence of a threonine-sensitive isoenzyme and a second predominant threonine-insensitive isoenzyme. Valine and SAM plus threonine also inhibited HSDH; however, increasing concentrations of KCl and calcium had no inhibitory effect. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Genet, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC West, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Azevedo, RA (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Genet, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM raazeved@esalq.usp.br RI Azevedo, Ricardo/F-8863-2011; Ferreira, Renato/D-5373-2012 OI Azevedo, Ricardo/0000-0001-7316-125X; NR 41 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2006.00074.x PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 071TI UT WOS:000239624900009 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, J. R. TI Foraging behavior and prey interactions by a guild of predators on various lifestages of Bemisia tabaci SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circadian feeding; ELISA; inclusion/exclusion cages; intraguild predation; predator assemblage; predator gut content analysis; prey marking ID GUT CONTENT ELISA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PINK-BOLLWORM; GENERALIST PREDATORS; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; SECONDARY PREDATION; INSECT PREDATORS; FEEDING-ACTIVITY AB A simplified but highly effective approach for the post-mortem evaluation of predation on several targeted members of an arthropod assemblage that does not require the development of pest-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (e.g. pest-specific monoclonal antibodies) or PCR assays (DNA primers) is described. Laboratory feeding studies were conducted to determine if predation events could be detected from predators that consumed prey marked with foreign protein. I determined that large and small rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG)-marked prey can be detected by a rabbit-IgG-specific ELISA in the guts of chewing and piercing-sucking type predators. I then conducted multifaceted inclusion and exclusion field cage studies to qualify the degree of interguild and intraguild predation occurring among a complex arthropod assemblage during four separate light phase treatments. The field cages contained an arthropod assemblage consisting of 11 or 12 species of predaceous arthropods and three pest species. The three pests introduced into the cages included third instar Trichoplusia ni marked with rabbit IgG, third instar Lygus hesperus marked with chicken IgG and Pectinophora gossypiella sentinel egg masses. The inclusion cages allowed foraging fire ants, Solenopis xyloni, to freely enter the cages while the exclusion cages contained barriers that prevented ant entry. The results obtained using the conventional inclusion/exclusion field cage methodology revealed that there was substantial interguild and intraguild predation occurring on the majority of the arthropods in the assemblage, particularly in those cages that included ants. I then precisely identified which predators in the assemblage were feeding on the three targeted pests by conducting three post-mortem gut content analyses on each individual predator (1503 individuals) in the assemblage. Specifically, P. gossypiella egg predation events were detected using an established P. gossypiella-egg-specific ELISA, and third instar T. ni and L. hesperus predation events were detected using rabbit-IgG-specific and chicken-IgG-specific ELISAs, respectively. Generally, the gut ELISAs revealed that Collops vittatus, Spanagonicus albofasciatus and Geocoris punctipes readily preyed on P. gossypiella eggs; Nabis alternatus, Zelus renardii and spiders (primarily Misumenops celer) readily preyed on marked L. hesperus nymphs, and spiders, S. albofasciatus and N. alternatus readily preyed on T. ni larvae. Furthermore, the cage methods and the post-mortem predator gut ELISAs revealed very few distinctive patterns of predation with regard to the light cycle the assemblage was exposed to. C1 USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.usda.gov NR 54 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2006 VL 149 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2006.00076.x PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 087MG UT WOS:000240745900007 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, MM Jahn, MM AF Cadle-Davidson, MM Jahn, MM TI Patterns of accumulation of Bean common mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes nearly isogenic for the I locus SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE confocal microscopy; immunostaining; Potyvirus; resistance mechanism ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; EXTREME RESISTANCE; LINKAGE RELATIONS; POTATO PLANTS; INHERITANCE; POTYVIRUSES; GENE; NECROSIS; INFECTION AB The I locus of Phaseolus vulgaris is genetically and phenotypically well described, conferring incompletely dominant, temperature -dependent resistance against viruses currently assigned to at least four Potyvirus species. Despite the fact that the resistance allele at this locus, the I gene, has been incorporated into nearly all bean germplasm worldwide, little is known regarding its resistance mechanism. In the present study, P. vulgaris lines nearly isogenic for I were challenged with Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV; genus Potyvirus) in order to investigate at the cellular level the temperature -dependent resistance reaction. Immunolocalisation and confocal laser scanning microscopy were employed to visualise the virus and to identify patterns of BCMV accumulation in resistant, susceptible and heterozygous genotypes. Virus was detected in all three genotypes regardless of temperature, supporting previous findings that BCMV accumulates in protoplasts containing the I allele. Genotype-specific and temperature-specific patterns of virus accumulation suggested a resistance mechanism that depends on host recognition of viral replication and/or local movement. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mmc27@cornell.edu RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2006 VL 148 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2006.00059.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 059OW UT WOS:000238743100001 ER PT J AU Hirose, E Panizzi, AR De Souza, JT Cattelan, AJ Aldrich, JR AF Hirose, E Panizzi, AR De Souza, JT Cattelan, AJ Aldrich, JR TI Bacteria in the gut of southern green stink bug (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Klebsiella pneumoniae; Enterococcus faecalis; Nezara viridula; enteric bacteria ID HEMIPTERA; INSECTS AB Laboratory studies with the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), indicated the presence of bacteria Klebsiella pneunioniae (Schroeter) and Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes & Horder) in the crop/stomach (ventriculus 1-3; V1-V3), and possibly Pantoea sp. in the gastric caeca (ventriculus 4; V4). Culturable bacteria were most abundant in V1-V3, and their abundance was drastically reduced in V4. The variable pH in the gut did not affect the presence of bacteria. Elimination of bacteria from the gut, by using the antibiotic kanamicin, did not affect nymphal developmental time or cause mortality, but it did cause reduced weight at adult emergence. C1 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. CEPLAC CEPEC, SEFIT, BR-45600000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. Embrapa Soja, Microbiol Lab, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Panizzi, AR (reprint author), Embrapa Soja, Entomol Lab, Caixa Postal 231, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0091:BITGOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 004BQ UT WOS:000234727400011 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Rinehart, TA Liburd, OE Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM AF Sampson, BJ Rinehart, TA Liburd, OE Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM TI Biology of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) attacking Dasineura oxycoccana and Prodiplosis vaccinii (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) in cultivated blueberries SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biological control; Platygastridae; Eulophidae; high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction; parasitism ID GALL MIDGE; APHIDIIDAE; RABBITEYE; PEST AB The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), and blueberry tip midge, Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), are recurring cecidomyiid pests of cultivated blueberries in the southern United States and Mediterranean Europe. Insecticides can give short-term control, but overlap in parasitoid phenologies indicates the potential for natural control of midge populations. Using a combination of laboratory rearing and mitochondrial DNA analysis of field samples, we identified five species of solitary endoparasitoids that killed 30-40% of midges. These species include at least three undescribed platygastrids in the genera Synopeas, Platygaster, and Inostemma. An undescribed prepupal idiobiont, Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) was the only midge parasitoid that was consistently active when rabbiteye blueberries, Vaccinium ashei Reade, were in flower. Six percent of midge prepupae, half of which already contained platygastrid larvae, were parasitized by Aprostocetus. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sampson, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 99 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0113:BOPHAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 004BQ UT WOS:000234727400013 ER PT S AU Stanley, D AF Stanley, D TI Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in insects: Biological significance SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE eicosanoid biosynthesis; insect immunity; protein exocytosis; yolk protein endocytosis ID MEDIATE NODULATION REACTIONS; CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS CELLS; LONE STAR TICK; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; TOBACCO HORNWORM; FAT-BODY; MICROAGGREGATION REACTIONS AB Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds are well known for their important actions in mammalian physiology and disease. Recent work has revealed the presence and factors responsible for impairing host insect immune reactions by inhibiting biosynthesis of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids also act in insect reproductive biology, in ion transport physiology, and in fever response to infection as well as in protein exocytosis in tick salivary glands. Aside from ongoing actions in homeostasis, certain eicosanoid actions occur at crucial points in insect life histories, such as during infectious challenge and important events in reproduction. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 82 TC 149 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 28 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0151-4 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2006 VL 51 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151021 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006CS UT WOS:000234873300003 PM 16332202 ER PT S AU Follett, PA Neven, LG AF Follett, PA Neven, LG TI Current trends in quarantine entomology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quarantine pests; phytosanitary measures; probit 9 alternatives; generic treatments; systems approach ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; MACONELLICOCCUS-HIRSUTUS HOMOPTERA; METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; GERM-LINE TRANSFORMATION; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; GENETIC SEXING STRAINS; FORCED-AIR TREATMENTS; MAXIMUM PEST LIMIT AB With world trade in agricultural commodities increasing, the introduction of exotic insects into new areas where they become pests will increase. The development and application of quarantine treatments or other mitigation approaches to prevent pest introduction in traded commodities raise many research and regulatory issues. The probit 9 standard for quarantine treatment efficacy has given way to risk-based alternatives. Varietal testing may have merit for some treatments or commodities but not for others. Development of generic treatments to control broad groups of in-sects or insects in all commodities can expedite new trade in agricultural products. Area-wide pest management programs lower pest levels before harvest and improve the quarantine security provided by any postharvest treatments. Systems approaches capitalize on cumulative pest mortality from multiple control components to achieve quarantine security in an exported commodity. Certain quarantine treatment technologies such as irradiation are not universally accepted, which is slowing their adoption. Standardized phytosanitary measures and research protocols are needed to improve the flow of information when countries propose to trade in a regulated commodity. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov; neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 145 TC 115 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 29 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0151-4 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2006 VL 51 BP 359 EP 385 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123314 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 006CS UT WOS:000234873300017 PM 16332216 ER PT S AU Carris, LM Castlebury, LA Goates, BJ AF Carris, Lori M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Goates, Blair J. TI Nonsystemic bunt fungi - Tilletia indica and T horrida: A review of history, systematics, and biology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Karnal bunt; Neovossia; rice kernel smut; Tilletia walkeri; tilletiales ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; KARNAL-BUNT; TELIOSPORE GERMINATION; SECONDARY SPORIDIA; NEOVOSSIA-INDICA; UNITED-STATES; SMUT FUNGI; KERNEL SMUT; SURVIVAL; CONTROVERSA AB The genus Tilletia is a group of smut fungi that infects grasses either systemically or locally. Basic differences exist between the systemically infecting species, such as the common and dwarf bunt fungi, and locally infecting species. Tilletia indica, which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and Tilletia horrida, which causes rice kernel smut, are two examples of locally infecting species on economically important crops. However, even species on noncultivated hosts can become important when occurring as contaminants in export grain and seed shipments. In this review, we focus on T indica and the morphologically similar but distantly related T horrida, considering history, systematics, and biology. In addition, the controversial generic placement and evolutionary relationships of these two species are discussed in light of recent molecular studies. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Carris, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM carris@wsti.edu; castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov; bgoates@uidaho.edu NR 147 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1344-9 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2006 VL 44 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143402 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092VV UT WOS:000241126300006 PM 16480336 ER PT S AU Brandl, MT AF Brandl, Maria T. TI Fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for food safety SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE human pathogen; produce; fitness; foodborne illness; outbreaks ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS SBW25; CONTAMINATED MANURE COMPOSTS; PV. SYRINGAE B728A; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LEAF SURFACES; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; ALFALFA SPROUTS; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM AB The continuous rise in the number of outbreaks of foodborne illness linked to fresh fruit and vegetables challenges the notion that enteric pathogens are defined mostly by their ability to colonize the intestinal habitat. This review describes the epidemiology of produce-associated outbreaks of foodborne disease and presents recently acquired knowledge about the behavior of enteric pathogens on plants, with an emphasis on Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. The growth and survival of enteric pathogens on plants are discussed in the light of knowledge and concepts in plant microbial ecology, including epiphytic fitness, the physicochemical nature of plant surfaces, biofilm formation, and microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions. Information regarding the various stresses that affect the survival of enteric pathogens and the molecular events that underlie their interactions in the plant environment provides a good foundation for assessing their role in the infectious dose of the pathogens when contaminated fresh produce is the vehicle of illness. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mbrandl@pw.usda.gov NR 163 TC 254 Z9 261 U1 7 U2 73 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1344-9 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2006 VL 44 BP 367 EP 392 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143359 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092VV UT WOS:000241126300016 PM 16704355 ER PT S AU Mavrodi, DV Blankenfeldt, W Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Blankenfeldt, Wulf Thomashow, Linda S. TI Phenazine compounds in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Biosynthesis and regulation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY SE Annual Review of Phytopathology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE antibiotics; biological control; mode of action; quorum-sensing; rhizosphere ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BIOCONTROL AGENT PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; MULTIDRUG EFFLUX SYSTEM; FIELD-GROWN WHEAT; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; HOMOSERINE LACTONE; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS AB The phenazines include upward of 50 pigmented, heterocyclic nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites synthesized by some strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and a few other bacterial genera. The antibiotic properties of these compounds have been known for over 150 years, but advances within the past two decades have provided significant new insights into the genetics, biochemistry and regulation of phenazine synthesis, as well as the mode of action and functional roles of these compounds in the environment. This new knowledge reveals conservation of biosynthetic enzymes across genera but raises questions about conserved biosynthetic mechanisms, and sets the stage for improving the performance of phenazine producers used as biological control agents for soilborne plant pathogens. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mail.wsu.edu; wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de; thomashow@wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010 OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668 NR 161 TC 215 Z9 226 U1 6 U2 66 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 BN 978-0-8243-1344-9 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2006 VL 44 BP 417 EP 445 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.013106.145710 PG 29 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 092VV UT WOS:000241126300018 PM 16719720 ER PT J AU Sekhar, RV D'Amico, S Rehman, K Jahoor, F Balasubramanyam, A Shi, J Patel, S Visnegarwala, F AF Sekhar, R. V. D'Amico, S. Rehman, K. Jahoor, F. Balasubramanyam, A. Shi, J. Patel, S. Visnegarwala, F. TI Rosiglitazone therapy markedly improves adipocyte re-esterification in HIV lipodystrophy syndrome SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV CY SEP 24-26, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2006 VL 11 IS 7 BP L27 EP L27 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 104RG UT WOS:000241975800062 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann TI The isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of the patulin metabolic pathway differs for Penicillium griseofulvum and Penicillium expansum SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food safety; isoepoxydon dehydrogenase; patulin; Penicillium ID TERVERTICILLATE PENICILLIA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SYNTHASE GENE; URTICAE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYLLOSTINE; TAXONOMY; CULTURE; PROBE AB Purified DNA from isolates of Penicillium griseofulvum and P. expansum was used as a template to amplify a 600-bp fragment of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene of the patulin biosynthetic pathway. Primer pairs designed from the P. griseofulvum gene (GenBank accession AF006680) to amplify specific regions of the idh gene yielded similar-sized bands for all strains. Asymmetrical amplification produced DNA products for sequencing and DNA sequences were translated to produce the corresponding amino acid sequences. After removal of two introns present in the region sequenced, amino acid sequences were compared. There were 12 amino acid differences between P. expansum and P. griseofulvum in the coding region. The differences correlated with the amount of patulin previously produced in culture, with strains of P. griseofulvum producing the greatest amounts of patulin. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JAN PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s10482-005-9002-5 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 042DU UT WOS:000237508800001 PM 16328863 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Pettis, JS Collins, A Feldlaufer, MF AF Chen, YP Pettis, JS Collins, A Feldlaufer, MF TI Prevalence and transmission of honeybee viruses SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED WING VIRUS; KASHMIR-BEE-VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; PARALYSIS VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; PCR AB Transmission mechanisms of six honeybee viruses, including acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and sacbrood bee virus (SBV), in honey bee colonies were investigated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods. The virus status of individual queens was evaluated by examining the presence of viruses in the queens' feces and tissues, including hemolymph, gut, ovaries, spermatheca, head, and eviscerated body. Except for head tissue, all five tissues as well as queen feces were found to be positive for virus infections. When queens in bee colonies were identified as positive for BQCV, DWV, CBPV, KBV, and SBV, the same viruses were detected in their offspring, including eggs, larvae, and adult workers. On the other hand, when queens were found positive for only two viruses, BQCV and DWV, only these two viruses were detected in their offspring. The presence of viruses in the tissue of ovaries and the detection of the same viruses in queens' eggs and young larvae suggest vertical transmission of viruses from queens to offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of vertical transmission of viruses in honeybee colonies. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chenj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 109 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.1.606-611.2006 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003DW UT WOS:000234662800078 PM 16391097 ER PT J AU Bjornsdottir, K Breidt, F McFeeters, RF AF Bjornsdottir, K Breidt, F McFeeters, RF TI Protective effects of organic acids on survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in acidic environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PH; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; OUTBREAK AB Outbreaks of disease due to acid-tolerant bacterial pathogens in apple cider and orange juice have raised questions about the safety of acidified foods. Using gluconic acid as a noninhibitory low-pH buffer, we investigated the killing of Escherichia coli. O157:H7 strains in the presence or absence of selected organic acids (pH of 3.2), with ionic strength adjusted to 0.60 to 0.68. During a 6-h exposure period in buffered solution (pH 3.2), we found that a population of acid-adapted E. coli O157:117 strains was reduced by 4 log cycles in the absence of added organic acids. Surprisingly, reduced lethality for E. coli O157:H7 was observed when low concentrations (5 mM) of fully protonated acetic, malic, or L-lactic acid were added. Only a 2- to 3-log reduction in cell counts was observed, instead of the 4-log reduction attributed to pH effects in the buffered solution. Higher concentrations of these acids at the same pH aided in the killing of the E. coli cells, resulting in a 6-log or greater reduction in cell numbers. No protective effect was observed when citric acid was added to the E. coli Cells. D-Lactic acid had a greater protective effect than other acids at concentrations of 1 to 20 mM. Less than a I-log decrease in cell numbers occurred during the 6-h exposure to pH 3.2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the protective effect of organic acids on the survival of E. coli O15:H7 under low-pH conditions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM breidt@ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.1.660-664.2006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003DW UT WOS:000234662800085 PM 16391104 ER PT J AU Gorski, L Flaherty, D Mandrell, RE AF Gorski, L Flaherty, D Mandrell, RE TI Competitive fitness of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b strains in mixed cultures with and without food in the US Food and Drug Administration enrichment protocol SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; RIBOTYPES; MEAT AB Thirteen different serotypes of the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes have been described. Serotype 4b strains are most often associated with illness, and serotype 1/2a strains are most often isolated from foods and processing plants. Different abilities to respond to stresses have been described for serotype 4b and 1/2a strains. One of the common enrichment protocols used to test foods for the presence L. monocytogenes is described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacterial Analytical Manual (BAM). We compared three strains of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b and five strains of serotype 1/2a in direct competition with each other in two-strain mixed cultures by using the FDA BAM enrichment protocol, which includes both enrichment broth and selective agar, with and without added food to mimic the conditions that occur during attempts to isolate Listeria species from contaminated foods. Using a colony immunoblot procedure and analyzing over 112,000 colonies, we observed differences in strain fitness, but these differences were not attributable to serotype or genetic lineage. C1 USDA, ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lgorski@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 72 IS 1 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1128/AEM.72.1.776-783.2006 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 003DW UT WOS:000234662800099 PM 16391118 ER PT J AU Mishra, AK Goodwin, BK AF Mishra, AK Goodwin, BK TI Revenue insurance purchase decisions of farmers SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CROP INSURANCE; EDUCATION; PROGRAMS; MODELS; INCOME; LABOR; RISK; STABILIZATION; AGRICULTURE; EFFICIENCY AB The objective of this study is to evaluate farm, household, and financial characteristics of cash grain farmers' decisions of whether to purchase revenue insurance. Using farm-level data these characteristics were identified by estimating a logit model of revenue insurance purchase decisions by farm operators. Results indicate that farm operators with the ability to self-insure through accumulation of sufficient wealth reserves measured in terms of the ratio of debts-to-assets, operators with off-farm income, and participation in production and marketing contracts, are more likely to pursue these strategies as a substitute for federal revenue insurance programmes. Further, study finds that older and wealthy cash grain farmers are less likely to buy revenue insurance. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mishra, AK (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. EM amishra@ers.usda.gov OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1080/00036840500367724 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 003KJ UT WOS:000234680300003 ER PT J AU Byler, RK AF Byler, RK TI Resistance-type portable cotton lint moisture meter SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; lint; moisture content; measurement; resistance AB Knowledge and proper control of moisture in cotton lint is crucial to optimal operation of cotton gins. Currently available portable meters have a standard error of 0.5 to 1.0 percentage point, which is not as accurate as desired. A battery powered, portable, resistance-based cotton lint moisture meter was designed and two units constructed using a sensing grid, which has been used in non-portable applications in gins. The entire weight of the meter 5.8 kg (12.8 lb), consistently pressed the electrodes against the sample. The meters used a toggle switch for commands from the operator and displayed results on a liquid crystal display. The meter readings of well conditioned lint compared to the oven-based moisture content were used in calibration. A separate data set was used to verify the calibration and the standard error was found to be 0.26 percentage point for both units over the 4.3% to 10.2% range. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Byler, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rbyler@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200002 ER PT J AU Hughs, SE Armijo, CB Staten, RT AF Hughs, SE Armijo, CB Staten, RT TI Boll weevil kill rates by gin processing and bale compression SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; ginning; bale press; lint cleaning AB Although the boll weevil (Anthonotnus grandis grandis Boheman) has been eradicated over much of the U.S. cotton production area, there are still cotton production areas that are infested. As a result, USDA. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has procedures in place to keep the weevil from. being reintroduced into eradicated areas as well as being transported overseas to cotton growing areas in other countries. Included in the procedure is the fumigation of baled cotton with methyl bromide prior to shipment. Methyl bromide may not be available as a fumigant in the near future and the fumigation process is expensive. Research was done at the USDA, ARS, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory to determine the actual re-infestation risk from live boll weevils processed through the normal cotton ginning and baling systems in the United States. Two tests were done: 1) a gin process survival test, and 2) a bale compression survival test. No weevils survived processing through a saw gin stand and one saw-type lint cleaner In addition, most weevils were immediately killed at compressions of 352.4 kg/m(3) (22 lb/ft(3)) and higher in the bale press. There were also no survivors after six days at the specified UD bale density of 448.5 kg/m(3) (28 lb/ft(3)). Test results showed it was extremely unlikely that a live boll weevil could survive both gin processing and bale compression. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. USDA ARS, APHS, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Hughs, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM shughs@nmsu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200007 ER PT J AU Siemens, MC Wilkins, DE AF Siemens, MC Wilkins, DE TI Effect of residue management methods on no-till drill performance SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE no-till drill; direct seeding; drill performance; residue management; seedbed preparation; seedling emergence; wheat; crop production ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; WINTER-WHEAT; STUBBLE; YIELD AB Excessive crop residue on the soil surface impedes drill performance and subsequent crop production in conservation tillage systems. To address this issue, 10 different residue management strategies were evaluated to determine their effect on no-till drill performance in ternis of seedling establishment, earl), plant vigor and crop yield. Field conditions were characterized by size, concentration, and distribution of residue. Residue management strategies included leaving tall standing stubble, using various chopping and spreading devices, and removing the residue by baling. Experiments were conducted in northeastern Oregon fields that had been previously seeded to winter wheat and produced 9.8 and 10.5 t/ha of residue in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Winter and spring wheat plots were seeded with a hoe-type no-till drill. For the residue management methods used in this study, stand establishment and seedling dry weight were reduced by 20% to 58% and 22% to 46%, respectively, when the full quantity of residue was left on the soil surface as compared to those where the residue concentration was reduced by baling. Seeding into high concentrations of residue left by non-uniform residue distribution systems also caused reductions in stand establishment and earl), plant growth. Long standing stubble and high concentrations of loose straw greater than 18 cm in length caused unacceptable drill plugging. Successful drill operation was achieved in crop residues exceeding 9.8 t/ha when stubble height was less than or equal to row spacing and the majority of cut straw was cut into pieces less than 18 cm long. Although consistent yield differences were not found, the results of this study showed that residue concentration and size have an important influence on no-till crop yield potential and drill operation. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Siemens, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM markc.siemens@oregonstate.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200008 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Sadler, EJ Millen, JA Evans, DE Camp, CR AF Stone, KC Sadler, EJ Millen, JA Evans, DE Camp, CR TI Water flow rates from a site-specific irrigation system SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE site-specific agriculture; irrigation; site-specific irrigation; center pivot ID DROUGHTED CORN CROP; YIELD AB Site-specific irrigation is defined as delivering different prescribed depths of water to specific areas in irrigated fields. Since the 1990s, site-specific irrigation research has been expanded to include the delivery of water and nutrients to specific field areas based on soil type, soil moisture status, crop needs, and other user defined objectives. A site-specific center pivot irrigation system was designed and installed in. afield with highly variable soils of the U.S. eastern coastal plain. The system consisted of 13 segments along the 140-m length of the three-tower center pivot with three delivery manifolds in each segment. The system was designed to apply approximately 12.5 mm of water in any selected segment when operated at 50% travel velocity. Quantifying water application depth and uniformity front the site-specific irrigation system is essential to documenting the system's perfomance and interpreting experimental results. We developed a measurement system to evaluate the water delivery rates of the irrigation system. We compared the measured water delivery from each segment of the site-specific irrigation system to the design parameters. We found that the irrigation system. was delivering water to the control areas at rates approximately as it was designed. A total of 77 segment and manifold combinations were tested. Of these 77 combinations, we found that 7 had flow rates greater than 10% different from the design flows. The manifolds with the lower flow rates typically were more likely to differ significantly from their design values. This was most likely related to potential clogging of the low flow nozzles that have smaller orifices. When the manifolds were used in combination, they compensated for each other and produced application depths near the design depths. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM stone@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200010 ER PT J AU Whitelock, DP Brusewitz, GH Stone, ML AF Whitelock, DP Brusewitz, GH Stone, ML TI Apple shape and rolling orientation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE apples; elongation; orientation; rolling; shape; sorting ID FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT; INTERNAL QUALITY AB The ability to orient fruit is needed to fully utilize the capabilities of many commercial sorters for defect and shape detection and general quality sensing. Five apple cultivars, representing a range of shape and size, were observedfor their ability to orient (stem-calyx axis horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of travel) or remain oriented, depending on their starting position, as the), were rolled by a inechanically driven flat paddle up a flat, padded incline between two fixed parallel rails. Apples did not orient particularly well on the apparatus, on average rolled 66.0 cm before orienting and rolled only 70.5 cm before becoming unoriented. Various size and shape parameters were measured and correlated with the distance apples rolled to orient and the distance that the apples remained oriented. Generally, elongation parameters were better than taper or symmetry parameters as predictors of an apple's ability, to orient or remain oriented. Elongated cultivars of apples, Red Delicious and Fuji (Washington), Braeburn (New Zealand), and Granny Smith (South Africa), oriented or remained oriented better than Rome and Red Delicious (West Virginia). C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Det Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Whitelock, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578,300 E Coll Dr, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM dwhitelo@nmsu.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200012 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Chen, YR Wang, CY Chan, DE Kim, MS AF Liu, Y Chen, YR Wang, CY Chan, DE Kim, MS TI Development of hyperspectral imaging technique for the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers; Spectral and image analysis SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy; visible/near infrared spectroscopy; algorithm; principal component analysis; chilling injury in cucumber ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; REFLECTANCE; DEFECTS AB Hyperspectral images of cucumbers were acquired before and during cold storage treatment as well as during subsequent room temperature (RT) storage to explore the potential for the detection of chilling induced damage in whole cucumbers. Region of interest (ROI) spectral features of chilling injured areas, resulting from coldstorage treatments at 0 degrees C or 5 degrees C, showed a reduction in reflectance intensity during multi-day post-chilling periods of RT storage. Large spectral differences between good-smooth skins and chilling injured skins occurred in the 700- to 850-nm visible/NIR region. A number of data processing methods, including simple spectral band algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA), were attempted to discriminate the ROI spectra of good cucumber skins from those of chilling injured skins. Results revealed that using either a dual-band ratio algorithm (Q(811/756)) or a PCA model from a narrow spectral region of 733- to 848-nm could detect chilling injured skins with a success rate of over 90%. Furthermore, the dual-band algorithm was applied to the analysis of images of cucumbers at different conditions, and the resultant images showed more correct identification of chilling injured spots than PCA method The results also suggested that chilling injury was relatively difficult to detect at the stage of the first 0 to 2 days of post-chilling RT storage, due to insignificant manifestation of chilling induced symptoms. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cheny@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 016OI UT WOS:000235629200014 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Kloepper, JW Reddy, MS AF Kokalis-Burelle, N Kloepper, JW Reddy, MS TI Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bell pepper; biological control; BioYield(TM); Capsicum annuum; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); soil ecology; transplants ID FLUORESCENT SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TOMATO; MEDIA; MIXES; BACTERIA; FLORIDA; STRAIN AB Field trials were conducted in Florida on bell pepper (Capsician annuum) to monitor the population dynamics of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Bacillus subtilis strain GBO3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a) applied in the potting media at seeding and at various times after transplanting to the field during the growing season. In-field drenches of an aqueous bacterial formulation were used for the mid-season applications. The effects of the applied PGPR and application methods on bacterial survival, rhizosphere colonization, plant growth and yield, and selected indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms were assessed. The Gram-positive PGPR applied to the potting media established stable populations in the rhizosphere that persisted throughout the growing season. Additional aqueous applications of PGPR during the growing season did not increase the population size of applied strains compared to treatments only receiving bacteria in the potting media; however, they did increase plant growth compared to the untreated control to varying degrees in both trials. Most treatments also reduced disease incidence in a detached leaf assay, indicating that systemic resistance was induced by the PGPR treatments. However, treatments did not result in increased yield, which was highly variable. Application of the PGPR strains did not adversely affect populations of beneficial indigenous rhizosphere bacteria including fluorescent pseudomonads and siderophore-producing bacterial strains. Treatment with PGPR increased populations of fungi in the rhizosphere but did not result in increased root disease incidence. This fungal response to the PGPR product was likely due to an increase in nonpathogenic chitinolytic fungal strains resulting from the application of chitosan, which is a component of the PGPR formulation applied to the potting media. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nburelle@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 014QA UT WOS:000235493700010 ER PT J AU Spokas, K Wang, D Venterea, R Sadowsky, A AF Spokas, K Wang, D Venterea, R Sadowsky, A TI Mechanisms of N2O production following chloropicrin fumigation SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxides; soil fumigation; fungi; greenhouse gas ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; METHYL-BROMIDE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL FUMIGATION; FOREST SOILS; AMENDED SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; BIOMASS; FIELD; ISOTHIOCYANATE AB Soil fumigation has recently been shown to affect the greenhouse gas balance by increasing emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) following chloropicrin (CP) application. However, the exact mechanisms of this increase were not investigated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate potential mechanisms of CP-induced N2O production through laboratory incubations using chemical inhibitors (acetylene, antibacterial, antifungal, and oxygen), isotopically labeled N-15-CP, and pH modifications of a forest nursery soil. Results showed that N2O production increased by 12.6 times following CP fumigation. Microbial activity contributed 82% to the CP-induced N2O production, with the remaining 18% from abiotic processes as determined by incubation with sterilized soil. Inhibitor studies suggested that 20% of the N2O production was from bacteria and 70% from fungi. There were no significant differences in N2O production following CP fumigation under various levels of acetylene (0, 10, and 10 kpa), suggesting that traditional nitrification and denitification reactions did not significantly contribute to NO production following CP fumigation. N-15 labeled studies indicated that 12% of fumigant source N was incorporated into the produced N2O. No enrichment in N, was observed, indicating that N2O was one of the tenninal biotic mineralization products of CP. Production of NO is aerobic and production rates increased with increasing oxygen concentrations. Our data strongly suggested that fungal mediated denitrification reactions under aerobic conditions were the primary mechanism for CP-induced N2O production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM spokas@morris.ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016; OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959; Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 014QA UT WOS:000235493700011 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG TI Comparative survival of conidia of eight species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum in soil and influences of swine waste amendments on survival SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Exserohilum; Bipolaris; Curvidaria; conidium germination; soil fungi; swine waste ID SOROKINIANA; BORNE; BARLEY; SEED AB Survival of conidia of eight species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum in soil was compared to identify the species most suitable for use in experiments to assay fungitoxicity of soils amended with animal wastes and agricultural byproducts. Conidia produced on cellulose-containing substrates were added to soil between porous nylon mesh membranes, incubated for 0-12 weeks, retrieved, and plated on cornmeal agar to induce germination as an indicator of viability. In three experiments, significant variation in spore germination was attributed to fungal species, incubation time in soil, and species x time interactions. Few or no differences in viability of conidia of the eight species were evident prior to incubation in soil, but numerous significant differences (P = 0.05) were observed between species after incubation for 2-12 weeks in soil. Survival of conidia usually was greatest for C. lunata, B. sorokiniana, and B. stenospila; least for B. cynodontis. B. hawaiiensis, and E. rostratum; and intermediate or inconsistent for B. spicifera and C geniculata. C lunata, B. sorokiniana, and B. stenospila appear most capable of survival in soil as conidia and most suitable for use as test organisms to evaluate fungitoxicity of amended soils. When conidia of these species were incubated for 4-8 weeks in three soils with and without previous commercial swine waste applications, survival was often significantly (P = 0.05) reduced across soils or in individual soils that had received swine waste. The most frequent and strong reductions in survival of conidia in waste-amended soils were observed with B. stenospila. Results indicate that the eight species of fungi studied differ significantly in ability of conidia to survive in soil, that three species exhibit the greatest potential for survival, that these species may be used to bioassay soils for fungitoxicity, and that conidia of these species exhibit slight to strong reductions in survival in soils that previously received commercial applications of liquid swine waste. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rpratt@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.03.005 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 014QA UT WOS:000235493700016 ER PT J AU Wiegers, AL Heidel, JR Scarfe, AD AF Wiegers, Ann L. Heidel, Jerry R. Scarfe, A. David BE Scarfe, AD Lee, CS OBryen, PJ TI Harmonized, Standardized, and Flexible National Frameworks for Ensuring Diagnostic Data and Test Result Validity: A Critical Need for Aquatic Animal Health Diagnostic Systems and for Biosecurity in Aquaculture SO AQUACULTURE BIOSECURITY: PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ERADICATION OF AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; LABORATORIES AB Valid data and test results are critical for the control and eradication of aquatic animal diseases and pathogens. Valid data and test results are also important to biosecurity-related activities, including health certification, surveillance and monitoring programs, epidemiological studies, recognition of emerging diseases, and rapid, effective response to animal health emergencies. For analytical and diagnostic validity, laboratory competence to conduct testing and related activities must be verified. Demonstration of competence is achieved with appropriate documented policies, systems, procedures, and scientifically sound specifications that meet the requirements of third-party consensus standards. Verification of meeting requirements is obtained by nationally and internationally recognized third-party laboratory accreditation. There are four areas of competence regarding valid data and test results: the conduct of testing, the use of valid test methods, proficiency testing, and the use of reference materials. This chapter reviews the standards used in each of these four areas. The bases for requirements for laboratory accreditation, accreditation body recognition programs, and the organizations that support these programs are examined. These elements have been discussed previously (Wiegers et al. 2003, 2004). The chapter explains how a harmonized national system of accreditation, meeting applicable international standards, may assist in creating a sound national laboratory system. It also explains how one may effectively address the need for data and test result validity, credibility, standardization, and harmonization while allowing the flexibility necessary to create a robust national system that can effectively deliver reliable diagnostic testing and respond to contingency planning. Direct application of the presented concepts is illustrated and related to the current organization of aquatic animal health diagnostic testing in the United States. C1 [Wiegers, Ann L.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Heidel, Jerry R.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Scarfe, A. David] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP Wiegers, AL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Policy Evaluat & Licensing, 510 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Ann.L.Wiegers@aphis.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47037-685-0 PY 2006 BP 77 EP 89 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BYA12 UT WOS:000297744300008 ER PT J AU Gustafson, L Ellis, S Hawkins, L Moore, M Robinson, T MacPhee, D AF Gustafson, Lori Ellis, Stephen Hawkins, Leighanne Moore, Mark Robinson, Teresa MacPhee, Dan BE Scarfe, AD Lee, CS OBryen, PJ TI A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Infected Cage Removal Speed and Resultant Spread of Infectious Salmon Anemia on Atlantic Salmon Farms in Maine, USA, and New Brunswick, Canada SO AQUACULTURE BIOSECURITY: PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ERADICATION OF AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEMORRHAGIC KIDNEY SYNDROME; SALAR L; VIRUS; ISA; TRANSMISSION; WATER AB Early removal of infected cages is considered to be an important step in the management of infectious salmon anemia(ISA). However, the costly depopulation of large numbers of fish can be difficult to motivate, especially prior to obvious clinical manifestations of disease. The authors conducted a retrospective evaluation of removal practices among Maine and New Brunswick farms that were (a) clients of Maritime Veterinary Services, (b) willing to share comprehensive data, and (c) diagnosed with ISA virus (ISAV) infection during a particular production cycle. Empirical evaluation of veterinary records from the nine farms meeting these inclusion criteria suggests a protective relationship between speedy removals of ISAV-infected cages and disease spread to other cages on a site. Shorter intervals between diagnosis and depopulation of index cages corresponded with greater cumulative proportions of non-infected cages 2, 3, and 4 months post-diagnosis (p < 0.05). The same dataset suggests a tendency (though not statistically significant) toward longer respites between diagnoses of index and secondary cages at sites practicing early removal. This retrospective study suggests that early removal of ISAV-infected cages may limit the extent of spread of ISAV throughout an infected site. C1 [Gustafson, Lori; Ellis, Stephen; Robinson, Teresa] APHIS Vet Serv, USDA, Eastport, ME 04631 USA. [Hawkins, Leighanne; Moore, Mark; MacPhee, Dan] Maritime Vet Serv, St George, NB E5C 3C8, Canada. RP Gustafson, L (reprint author), APHIS Vet Serv, USDA, 16 Deep Cove Rd, Eastport, ME 04631 USA. EM lori.l.gustafson@aphis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47037-685-0 PY 2006 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BYA12 UT WOS:000297744300013 ER PT J AU Panangala, VS Shoemaker, CA McNulty, ST Arias, CR Klesius, PH AF Panangala, VS Shoemaker, CA McNulty, ST Arias, CR Klesius, PH TI Intra- and interspecific phenotypic characteristics of fish-pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri and E-tarda SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella; catfish; proteins; fatty acids; antigens ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; BACTERIA; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; PSEUDOMONAS; PUNCTATUS; PATTERNS AB Intra- and interspecific characteristics of fish-pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda were determined by numerical analysis of gel electrophoresed protein profiles, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and immunoblotting. The 18 E. ictaluri isolates revealed a high degree of homogeneity (70% similarity or higher) in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME, while the nine E. tarda isolates revealed 30% similarity in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME. Immunoblots probed for antigenic epitopes with goat antiserum produced against E. ictaluri and E. tarda, respectively, revealed that E. ictaluri were more homogeneous compared with the E. tarda isolates. Overall, there was a considerable degree of relatedness between the two species. Our findings suggest that phenotypically E. ictaluri represents a clonal bacterial population structure compared with the less monomorphic E. tarda. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL USA. RP Panangala, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM vpanangala@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01394.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 999PS UT WOS:000234402900006 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Martin, RR TI Mint virus X: a novel potexvirus associated with symptoms in 'Variegata' mint SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE GENE BLOCK; CELL-TO-CELL; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; MOSAIC POTEXVIRUS; ESSENTIAL OILS; COAT PROTEIN; GENOMIC RNA; MOVEMENT; TRANSPORT AB Mentha x gracilis 'Variegata', an ornamental mint clone first described about 200 years ago, exhibits virus-like vein banding symptoms. Double-stranded RNA and virion isolations revealed the presence of three viruses in a 'Variegata' plant. Cloning and sequencing disclosed that one of the viruses was a previously unidentified species with similarities to members of the Flexiviridae family, designated as Mint virus X (MVX). The complete nucleotide sequence of the virus was determined. Phylogenetic analysis divulged the close relationship of the virus with lily virus X and strawberry mild yellow edge virus, members of the Potexvirus genus. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed and used for detection of MVX in other 'Variegata' plants. All clones tested, obtained from nurseries around the United States were infected with MVX, making the virus a possible causal agent of the variegated symptoms. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 151 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0586-x PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 994UG UT WOS:000234056100011 PM 16096710 ER PT J AU Gollan, A Zoth, SAC Piccone, ME Marino, B Peralta, C Armesto, RR Occhi, H AF Gollan, A. Chimeno Zoth, S. A. Piccone, M. E. Marino, B. Peralta, C. Rodriguez Armesto, R. Occhi, H. TI Characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated from cattle with hemorrhagic syndrome SO ARCHIVOS DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA LA Spanish DT Article DE BVDV; molecular characterization; types; tombocytopenia ID INFECTION; CALVES; BVDV; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; PESTIVIRUSES; VIRULENCE AB The Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) virus causes numerous pathologies that range from reproductive losses to infections of little clinical significance in the bovine digestive tract. Variation have been reported among the strains of the BVDV, which are classified into two biotypes; cytopathogenic (CP) and non-cytopathogenic (NCP), and the viral types I and II. This work describes the pathological findings in a calf with diarrhea and severe thrombocytopenia. The strain isolated (334/3) was molecularly characterized by sequencing of the 5'non-coding region (5' NCR). These analyses revealed 90-98% homologies with reference strains type I strains and the changes associated with BVDV type II, were not found. C1 UNL, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-3080 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina. INTA, CICVyA, Inst Biotecnol, RA-1708 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. UNL, Fac Ciencias Vet, Hosp Salud Anim, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Piccone, ME (reprint author), ARS, PIADC, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM mpiccone@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, FAC CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI VALDIVIA PA CASILLA 567, VALDIVIA, 00000, CHILE SN 0301-732X EI 0717-6201 J9 ARCH MED VET JI Arch. Med. Vet. PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.4067/S0301-732X2006000200011 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 075UG UT WOS:000239910100011 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, M Liyanage, C Wickremasinghe, R Hilmers, DC Abrams, SA AF Hettiarachchi, M Liyanage, C Wickremasinghe, R Hilmers, DC Abrams, SA TI Prevalence and severity of micronutrient deficiency: a cross-sectional study among adolescents in Sri Lanka SO ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adolescents; micronutrient deficiency; iron; zinc; folic acid; Galle; Sri Lanka ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; SERUM; DIAGNOSIS; FERRITIN; ANEMIA AB In order to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc and folate) in Sri Lankan adolescent school children and the extent to which multiple micronutrient deficiencies exist in this population, a cross-sectional survey (2003) in the Galle district of the micronutrient and anthropometric status of 945 school children of ages 12-16 years was performed. The prevalence of anemia (Hb <120.0 g/L) was 49.5% in males and 58.1% in females (overall 54.8%, gender difference, P=0.004). In anemic children 30.2% of males and 47.8% of females were iron deficient (serum ferritin <30.0 mu g/L). Folate deficiency (<6.80 nmol/L) was found in 54.6% and 52.5% of boys and girls respectively whereas zinc deficiency (<9.95 mu mol/L) occurred in 51.5% and 58.3%. Anemic boys had a 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.6) and 1.6-fold (CI; 1.1-2.6) greater risk of being stunted and underweight, whereas the risk among anemic girls was 1.7 (CI; 1.1-2.7) and 1.0 (CI; 0.7-1.5) for being stunted and underweight. The relative risks of having at least two deficiencies in iron, zinc and folate among anemic children were 1.6 (CI; 0.6-4.2) among boys and 0.8 (CI; 0.5-1.5) among girls. Iron deficient subjects had a significantly increased risk of 1.8 (CI, 1.1-3.0) of being deficient in folate and 1.7 (CI, 1.2-2.6) of being deficient in zinc. Zinc deficient subjects had a risk of 1.3 (CI, 1.0-1.8)-being iron deficient and 1.2 (CI, 0.9-1.7) of being folate deficient. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in Sri Lankan adolescents. C1 Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. Univ Kelaniya, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Liyanage, C (reprint author), Univ Ruhuna, Fac Med, Nucl Med Unit, POB 70, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. EM nmu_galle@yahoo.com OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD PI SOUTHBANK PA EMERALD HILL CLINIC 157 CLARENDON ST, SOUTHBANK, VIC 3006, AUSTRALIA SN 0964-7058 J9 ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR JI Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018TT UT WOS:000235788400010 PM 16500879 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ Horvath, KV Cox, CE Skinner, S Gerrior, J Gorbach, SL Wanke, C AF Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ Horvath, KV Cox, CE Skinner, S Gerrior, J Gorbach, SL Wanke, C TI Protease inhibitor-based HAART, HDL, and CHD-risk in HIV-infected patients SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HIV-infection; HAART; lipoproteins; HDL particles; CHD-risk ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; EXPERT PANEL; SUBPOPULATIONS; RITONAVIR; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA AB Objective: To study the effects of HIV-infection and protease inhibitor (PI)-based highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on the lipid and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation profile and to relate the changes to coronary heart disease (CHD)-risk. Methods and design: The lipid and HDL subpopulation profiles of HIV-positive subjects (n = 48) were studied prospectively by comparing pre- and post-PI-HAART data as well as cross-section by comparing the profiles to HIV-negative subjects with (n = 96) and without CHD (n = 96). Results: HIN-infected HAART-naive subjects had lower concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C and higher concentration of triglycerides (TG) than healthy controls. After receiving PI-based HAART, LDL-C and TG concentrations increased, while HDL-C concentrations remained unchanged. The HDL subpopulation profiles of HAART-naive HIV-positive patients were significantly different from those of healthy controls and were similar to those with CHID. Moreover, the HDL subpopulation profile changed unfavorably after PI-based HAART, marked with increased concentrations of the small, lipid-poor pre-beta-1 HDL (32% or 3.9mg/dl; p < 0.001), and decreased concentration of the large, cholesterol-rich alpha-1 HDL(9% or 1 mg/dl ns). Conclusion: An already unfavorable lipid and HDL subpopulation profile of HIV-positive HAART-naive subjects further deteriorated after receiving PI-based treatment, which may cause increased CHD-risk in these subjects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, 71 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bela.asztalos@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-64738]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-045734, P30 DK040561-11, P30 DK040561] NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 184 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.013 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 004CR UT WOS:000234730100010 PM 15935358 ER PT J AU Herron, KL Lofgren, IE Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM Fernandez, ML AF Herron, KL Lofgren, IE Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM Fernandez, ML TI Associations between plasma lipid parameters and APOC3 and APOA4 genotypes in a healthy population are independent of dietary cholesterol intake SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE dietary cholesterol; SstI polymorphism; apo C-III; apo A-IV; triglycerides; LDL size ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; A-IV GENE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; SSTI POLYMORPHISM; A-IV-2 ALLELE; GLUCOSE; WOMEN; MEN; ACYLTRANSFERASE AB To determine whether APOC3 and APOA4 genotypes influence plasma cholesterol fluctuations following a high cholesterol diet, a healthy population of 40 men and 51 women were studied. The crossover intervention randomly assigned participants to an EGG (640 mg/d cholesterol) or placebo (0 mg/d cholesterol) diet for 30 days, with a 3-week washout between periods. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization was utilized to determine the presence or absence of APOC3 and APOA4 polymorphisms. Differences in plasma cholesterol between hyper- and hypo-responders were not influenced by genotype. However, an interaction (P < 0.0001) did exist between APOA4 allele, diet and gender with regard to triglycerides (TG). While female carriers of the APOA4 347 S allele had lower TG concentrations than those with the common T/T allele, males with the S allele had higher concentrations. The APOC3 Sstl polymorphisin analysis revealed that heterozygous carriers of the S2 allele had higher (P < 0.05) plasma apo C-III and TG concentrations, regardless of gender or dietary period. In addition, carriers of the S2 allele had smaller LDL peak particle diameter than those having the common APOC3 genotype. The presence of individual alleles in this population was associated with differences in plasma lipids and LDL size. However, these relationships were independent of dietary cholesterol. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fernandez, ML (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extens, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM maria-luz.fernandez@uconn.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2006 VL 184 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.023 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 004CR UT WOS:000234730100016 PM 16326171 ER PT S AU Jackson, TJ AF Jackson, Thomas J. BE Huang, AHL Bloom, HJ TI Validation of satellite-based soil moisture algorithms - art. no. 63010D SO Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization II: Perspective on Calibration/Validation Initiatives and Strategies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization II CY AUG 16-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE soil moisture; validation; passive microwave ID TEMPORAL STABILITY; AMSR-E; WATER; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; PROBE AB Validation is an important but particularly challenging task for passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture from Earth orbit. The key issue is spatial scale; conventional measurements of soil moisture are made at a point whereas satellite sensors provide an integrated area/volume value for a much larger spatial extent. For microwave remote sensing from space it is necessary to consider the kilometer to 40 kin scale, which presents new challenges. This issue of spatial scale is common to both current and future satellite missions. Regardless of the degree of difficulty, ground based sampling must remain a core component of validation. An integrated approach using in situ networks, field campaigns and comparison to other satellite products is described. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6380-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6301 BP D3010 EP D3010 AR 63010D DI 10.1117/12.677851 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BFG54 UT WOS:000241728000010 ER PT J AU Engling, G Carrico, CM Kreldenweis, SM Collett, JL Day, DE Malm, WC Lincoln, E Hao, WM Iinuma, Y Herrmann, H AF Engling, Guenter Carrico, Christian M. Kreldenweis, Sonia M. Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. Day, Derek E. Malm, William C. Lincoln, Emily Hao, Wei Min Iinuma, Yoshiteru Herrmann, Hartmut TI Determination of levoglucosan in biomass combustion aerosol by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Particulate Matter Supersites Program and Related Studies CY FEB, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, US EPA DE levoglucosan; PM2.5; aerosol; smoke; wildfire; IC-PAD; emission factors ID FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MONOSACCHARIDE ANHYDRIDES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MOLECULAR MARKERS; BURNING PARTICLES AB Atmospheric particulate matter can be strongly affected by smoke from biomass combustion, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and residential wood burning. Molecular source tracer techniques help determine contributions of biomass smoke to particle concentrations if representative source profiles are available. Various wood smoke source profiles have been generated for residential wood burning; however, few emission data are available for the combustion of biomass under open-burning conditions. Anhydrosugars, produced as thermal degradation products of cellulose and hemicellulose, are typically analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after chemical derivatization. A simpler alternative analytical method, based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), was developed here and utilized to measure several isomeric anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) in primary smoke aerosol from various types of biomass and from different combustion conditions representative of prescribed and wildfires. Highly varying patterns were observed in the emission profiles of various molecular markers as a function of fuel type and combustion conditions. Emission factors of levoglucosan were a strong function of fuel type, combustion phase, and uphill versus downhill burn direction, varying from 36 to 1368 mu g mg(-1) organic carbon. Fuel type was the most important determinant, causing variations in emission factors of levoglucosan over an order of magnitude, while combustion phase and burn direction generally affected emission factors by a factor of 2-3. Mannosan and galactosan showed emission trends similar to levoglucosan. Levoglucosan emission factors from selected samples were compared to data obtained by two independent analytical methods, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) and GGMS, showing rather good agreement. The HPAEC-PAD analytical method offers a simple alternative to GGMS for future studies of aerosol concentrations of anhydrosugars, enabling more accurate estimates of contributions from biomass combustion to ambient particle concentrations. (c) 2006, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Atmospher Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch, Leipzig, Germany. RP Collett, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Atmospher Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM collett@lamar.colostate.edu RI Herrmann, Hartmut/C-2486-2009; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Engling, Guenter/Q-7833-2016 OI Herrmann, Hartmut/0000-0001-7044-2101; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Engling, Guenter/0000-0001-9954-0362 NR 43 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 8 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2006 VL 40 SU 2 BP S299 EP S311 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.069 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105II UT WOS:000242023200012 ER PT J AU Sendall, BC Kong, GA Goulter, KC Aitken, EAB Thompson, SM Mitchell, JHM Kochman, JK Lawson, W Shatte, T Gulya, TJ AF Sendall, B. C. Kong, G. A. Goulter, K. C. Aitken, E. A. B. Thompson, S. M. Mitchell, J. H. M. Kochman, J. K. Lawson, W. Shatte, T. Gulya, T. J. TI Diversity in the sunflower: Puccinia helianthi pathosystem in Australia SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene pyramiding; Helianthus annuus ID RUST RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; GRAMINIS; GENES AB Sunflower rust caused by Puccinia helianthi is the most important disease of sunflower in Australia with the potential to cause significant yield losses in susceptible hybrids. Rapid and frequent virulence changes in the rust fungus population limit the effective lifespan of commercial cultivars and impose constant pressure on breeding programs to identify and deploy new sources of resistance. This paper contains a synopsis of virulence data accumulated over 25 years, and more recent studies of genotypic diversity and sexual recombination. We have used this synopsis, generated from both published and unpublished data, to propose the origin, evolution and distribution of new pathotypes of P. helianthi. Virulence surveys revealed that diverse pathotypes of P. helianthi evolve in wild sunflower populations, most likely because sexual recombination and subsequent selection of recombinant pathotypes occurs there. Wild sunflower populations provide a continuum of genetically heterogeneous hosts on which P. helianthi can potentially complete its sexual cycle under suitable environmental conditions. Population genetics analysis of a worldwide collection of P. helianthi indicated that Australian isolates of the pathogen are more diverse than non-Australian isolates. Additionally, the presence of the same pathotype in different genotypic backgrounds supported evidence from virulence data that sexual recombination has occurred in the Australian population of P. helianthi at some time. A primary aim of the work described was to apply our knowledge of pathotype evolution to improve resistance in sunflower to sunflower rust. Molecular markers were identified for a number of previously uncharacterised sunflower rust R-genes. These markers have been used to detect resistance genes in breeding lines and wild sunflower germplasm. A number of virulence loci that do not recombine were identified in P. helianthi. The resistance gene combinations corresponding to these virulence loci are currently being introgressed with breeding lines to generate hybrids with durable resistance to sunflower rust. C1 Dept Primary Ind Fisheries, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Univ Queensland, Cooperat Res Ctr Trop Plant Protect, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Kong, GA (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind Fisheries, POB 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM gary.kong@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Lawson, Wendy/F-9878-2011; OI Aitken, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3792-4229 NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 657 EP 670 DI 10.1071/AP06071 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 101EB UT WOS:000241720600010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, D Fitzgerald, GJ Belford, R Christensen, LK AF Rodriguez, D. Fitzgerald, G. J. Belford, R. Christensen, L. K. TI Detection of nitrogen deficiency in wheat from spectral reflectance indices and basic crop eco-physiological concepts SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water stress; plant density; remote sensing; nitrogen stress index ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; LEAF CHLOROPHYLL; WINTER-WHEAT; WATER STATUS; LEAVES; CORN; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; STRESS AB We tested the capacity of several published multispectral indices to estimate the nitrogen nutrition of wheat canopies grown under different levels of water supply and plant density and derived a simple canopy reflectance index that is greatly independent of those factors. Planar domain geometry was used to account for mixed signals from the canopy and soil when the ground cover was low. A nitrogen stress index was developed, which adjusts shoot % N for plant biomass and area, thereby accounting for environmental conditions that affect growth, such as crop water status. The canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCi) and the modifed spectral ratio planar index (mSR(Pi)) could explain 68 and 69% of the observed variability in the nitrogen nutrition of the crop as early as Zadoks 33, irrespective of water status or ground cover. The CCCi was derived from the combination of 3 wavebands 670, 720 and 790 nm, and the mSRPi from 445, 705 and 750 nm, together with broader bands in the NIR and RED. The potential for their spatial application over large fields/paddocks is discussed. C1 Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Agr Prod Syst Res Unit, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Primary Ind Res Victoria, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. Nord Gene Bank, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. RP Rodriguez, D (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Agr Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM daniel.rodriguez@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Rodriguez, Daniel/A-7920-2011; Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 41 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 27 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2006 VL 57 IS 7 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1071/AR05361 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 063MY UT WOS:000239023800006 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA van Klinken, RD Palmer, WA AF Goolsby, John A. van Klinken, Rieks D. Palmer, William A. TI Maximising the contribution of native-range studies towards the identification and prioritisation of weed biocontrol agents SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agent selection; efficacy of biological agents; foreign exploration ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; WORLD CLIMBING FERN; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; LYGODIUM-MICROPHYLLUM; CHONDRILLA-JUNCEA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHRYSANTHEMOIDES-MONILIFERA; AUSTRALIAN RANGELANDS; REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AB Effective study in the native range to identify potential agents underpins all efforts in classical biological control of weeds. Good agents that demonstrate both a high degree of host specificity and the potential to be damaging are a very limited resource and must therefore be carefully studied and considered. The overseas component is often operationally difficult and expensive but can contribute considerably more than a list of herbivores attacking a particular target. While the principles underlying this foreign component have been understood for some time, recently developed technologies and methods can make very significant contributions to foreign studies. Molecular and genetic characterisations of both target weed and agent organism can be increasingly employed to more accurately define the identity and phylogeny of them. Climate matching and modelling software is now available and can be utilised to better select agents for particular regions of concern. Relational databases can store collection information for analysis and future enquiry while quantification of sampling effort, employment of statistical survey methods and analysis by techniques such as rarefaction curves contribute to efficient and effective searching. Obtaining good and timely identifications for discovered agent organisms is perhaps the most serious issue confronting the modern explorer. The diminishing numbers of specialist taxonomists employed at the major museums while international and national protocols demand higher standards of identity exacerbates the issue. Genetic barcoding may provide a very useful tool to overcome this problem. Native-range work also offers under-exploited opportunities for contributing towards predicting safety, abundance and efficacy of potential agents in their target environment. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. CSIRO, Long Pocket Labs, USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. CSIRO, Entomol, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Queensland Dept Nat Resources & Mines, Alan Fletcher Res Stn, Sherwood, Qld 4075, Australia. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jgoolsby@weslaco.ars.usda.gov RI Palmer, William/D-7234-2011; van Klinken, Rieks/B-1772-2009 OI van Klinken, Rieks/0000-0002-7578-8977 NR 84 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1326-6756 EI 1440-6055 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PY 2006 VL 45 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.00551.x PN 4 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 086FY UT WOS:000240660400006 ER PT J AU Lardner, R Mlahoney, N Zanker, TP Molyneux, RJ Scott, ES AF Lardner, Richard Mlahoney, Noreen Zanker, Timothy P. Molyneux, Russell J. Scott, Eileen S. TI Secondary metabolite production by the fungal pathogen Eutypa lata: Analysis of extracts from grapevine cultures and detection of those metabolites in planta SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIEBACK FUNGUS; GROWTH; STRAINS; ASSAYS; TOXIN AB Eutypa dieback of grapevines is caused by the fungal pathogen Eutypa lata and reduces vineyard longevity worldwide. Early detection could reduce losses due to this disease, so our aim was to identify acetylenic phenol metabolites of E. lata that could prove suitable as chemical markers in an early diagnostic test for the pathogen. Accordingly, secondary metabolite production by 30 isolates of E. lata grown on media derived from canes of three grapevine cultivars was analysed using HPLC. Six metabolites, namely eutypinol, methyl eutypinol, eulatachromene, eutypine, 2-iso-propenyl-5-formylbenzofuran and eulatinol, were detected in culture filtrates. Most abundant were eutypinol and methyl eutypinol, produced by 97 and 83% of isolates, respectively. There was no apparent correlation between secondary metabolite production on media containing milled canes from the three cultivars of grapevine, and the field tolerance of these same cultivars to Eutypa dieback. When various other fungi commonly isolated from grapevine trunks in Australia were grown on milled cane, no secondary metabolites characteristic of E. lata were detected, suggesting such compounds are specific to E. lata. To examine the detection of secondary metabolites in planta, micropropagated grapevine plantlets were treated with purified or crude culture filtrates from nine isolates of E. lata grown on malt yeast broth. Various secondary metabolites were identified in,treated plantlets, however, no single compound was detected consistently. Eutypinol was detected in micropropagated grapevine plantlets inoculated with mycelium of E. lata, however, no metabolites were detected in the sap of vines which had been artificially inoculated with the pathogen. C1 Univ Adelaide, Discipline Plant & Pest Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Cooperat Res Ctr Vit, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lardner, R (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Discipline Plant & Pest Sci, Waite Campus,PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM richard.lardner@adelaide.edu.au RI Scott, Eileen/G-3777-2010 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN SOC VITICULTURE OENOLOGY PI GLEN OSMOND PA PO BOX 197, GLEN OSMOND, SA 5064, AUSTRALIA SN 1322-7130 J9 AUST J GRAPE WINE R JI Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. PY 2006 VL 12 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2006.tb00049.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 068WN UT WOS:000239405400003 ER PT J AU Wool, D Hendrix, DL Shukry, O AF Wool, D Hendrix, DL Shukry, O TI Seasonal variation in honeydew sugar content of galling aphids (Aphidoidea : Pemphigidae : Fordinae) feeding on Pistacia: Host ecology and aphid physiology SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphid metabolism; gall aphids; phtoem feeding; seasonal changes ID ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; DIETARY SUCROSE; AMINO-ACIDS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; FORMING APHIDS; PHLOEM SAP; OSMOREGULATION; HOMOPTERA AB We investigated the possibility that seasonal variation in host-tree sap quality was reflected in aphid honeydew sugar content. Aphids (Homoptera) feed on the phloem sap of their host plants and excrete sugar-rich honeydew. We compared the sugar composition of honeydew excreted by four species of closely related aphids (Pemphigidae: Fordinae) inducing galls on Pistacia palaestino (Anacardiaceae). Samples were collected four times a year in 1997 and 1998. Samples from one species feeding on the roots of a secondary host, a perennial herb, were also included in the study. More than 20 sugars were detected in the honeydew. Sugars that were present in more than 40% of the samples were analyzed quantitatively in a hierarchical manner. The mean proportions of each sugar of the total sugar content in different species were not significantly different, but samples taken at different dates contained significantly different proportions of the sugars. The most frequent sugars in all species were glucose and fructose. Generally, the proportion of glucose exceeded fructose, but in honeydew from aphids feeding on the roots of the secondary host the reverse was true. We suggest possible explanations for the observed patterns, and discuss a possible contribution of Fordinae honeydew to the food web in the micro-ecosystem. (c) 2005 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Wool, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM dwool@post.tau.ac.il NR 51 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2005.02.009 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 023BG UT WOS:000236099600005 ER PT J AU Jensen, K Trepel, M Merritt, D Rosenthal, G AF Jensen, Kai Trepel, Michael Merritt, David Rosenthal, Gert TI Restoration ecology of river valleys SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEED-BANK; FLOW REGULATION; GRASSLAND; DISPERSAL; SYSTEMS; FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; WATER C1 Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Klein Flottbek Vegetat & Populat Ecol, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. Schleswig Holstein State Agcy Nat & Environm, D-24220 Flintbel, Germany. Colorado State Univ, USDA, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Natl Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Landscape Planning & Ecol, D-70172 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Jensen, K (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Klein Flottbek Vegetat & Populat Ecol, Ohnhorststr 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. EM kai.Jensen@botanik.uni-hamburg.de; mtrepel@lanu.landsh.de; dmmerritt@fs.fed.us; gr@ilpoe.uni-stuttgart.de RI Jensen, Kai/L-6657-2015; OI Trepel, Michael/0000-0001-8296-6324 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2006 VL 7 IS 5 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2006.05.008 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082ZQ UT WOS:000240426100001 ER PT J AU Price, NP Whitehead, TR Cote, GL AF Price, Neil P. Whitehead, Terence R. Cote, Gregory L. TI Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques for metabolic flux analysis of the Bifido shunt pathway SO BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Carbohydrate Bioengineering Meeting CY APR 03-06, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE bifidobacterium; bifido shunt; flux; mass spectrometry; metabolism ID FATTY-ACIDS; DERIVATIVES AB The presence of the Bifido shunt in Bifidobacterium is predicted to lead to the uptake and metabolic conversion of fructose to acetate and lactate. We propose an approach to quantifying the carbon flux through the Bifido shunt by measuring specific C-13-labeled carbohydrate-derived isotopomers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The techniques described may provide an alternative approach for determining the in vitro prebiotic potential of dietary oligosaccharides. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Price, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM pricen@ncaur.usda.gov RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2422 J9 BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR JI Biocatal. Biotransform. PD JAN-APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1080/10242420500533325 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 064KZ UT WOS:000239089700011 ER PT J AU Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R AF Rosskopf, EN Yandoc, CB Charudattan, R TI Genus-specific host range of Phomopsis amaranthicola (Sphaeropsidales), a bioherbicide agent for Amaranthus spp. SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phomopsis amaranthicola; bioherbicide; Amaranthus; pigweed ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RAPD ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; WILD AB Phomopsis amaranthicola, a newly described species discovered in Florida, is under development as a biological control agent for weeds belonging to the genus Amaranthus. Host-range testing was performed on the fungus, using the centrifugal phylogenetic scheme, with Amaranthus hybridus as the focal plant. Forty-five accessions of 21 species in the genus Amaranthus were tested for susceptibility to infection by this fungus. Fifty-six plant species outside the genus Amaranthus were also tested. The latter included crops in which the fungus might be used as a bioherbicide, members of genera that are closely related to Amaranthus, and selections of species that have been reported as hosts of other species of the genera Phomopsis or Diaporthe. Phomopsis amaranthicola did not infect any of the plants from outside the genus Amaranthus but was highly pathogenic to several species in the genus Amaranthus. All Amaranthus species tested were infected to varying degrees by P. amaranthicola; the resulting mortality levels were also variable. Thus, P. amaranthicola appears to be host-specific to the members of the genus Amaranthus. The generic level of specificity of this pathogen renders it not only a safe bioherbicide agent but also one that could be used against several weedy Amaranthus species. C1 USDA, US Hort Res Lab, ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), USDA, US Hort Res Lab, ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ERosskopf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1080/09583150500187975 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 991YU UT WOS:000233851600002 ER PT J AU Muturi, JJ Ngi-Song, AJ Mueke, JM Setamou, M Schulthess, F Jiang, NQ AF Muturi, JJ Ngi-Song, AJ Mueke, JM Setamou, M Schulthess, F Jiang, NQ TI Multiparasitism by the pupal parasitoids, Xanthopimpla stemmator (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) and Pediobius furvus (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) on two African cereal stemborers, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) and Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xanthopimpla stemmator; Pediobius furvus; Chilo partellus; Busseola fusca; pupal parasitoids; multiparasitism ID INTERSPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION; ISIS POLASZEK HYMENOPTERA; STEM BORERS; MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR; COPIDOSOMA-FLORIDANUM; SEX-RATIOS; COMPETITION; SUITABILITY; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; SCELIONIDAE AB The outcome of multiparasitism by two pupal parasitoids, the exotic solitary ichneumonid Xanthopimpla stemmator and the indigenous gregarious eulophid Pediobius furvus, was studied using the invasive crambid stem borer Chilo partellus and the indigenous noctuid Busseola fusca as hosts. Two parasitism sequences were observed, where X. stemmator oviposited before P. furvus, and vice versa. In addition, the effect of time between first and second parasitism on parasitoid emergence, development, sex ratio, and number of offspring was assessed. For most treatments, time interval between parasitism had no significant effect on the percentage if pupae producing either P. furvus or X. stemmator. In general, X. stemmator outcompeted P. furvus irrespective of the order of oviposition, time interval between ovipositions and host species. Further studies, especially on host finding capacity of the two parasitoid species are required to determine the competitiveness of the two species under field conditions. C1 Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Stemborger Biol Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Jiang, NQ (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Stemborger Biol Control Program, POB 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM njiang@icipe.org NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1080/09583150500258594 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 991YU UT WOS:000233851600004 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Erhan, S Poprawski, TJ AF Jackson, MA Erhan, S Poprawski, TJ TI Influence of formulation additives on the desiccation tolerance and storage stability of blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; blastospores; formulation; Fantesk (TM); storage stability; fermentation; bioinsecticide; biocontrol ID LIQUID-CULTURE PRODUCTION; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENT; CANDIDA-SAKE; CONIDIA; MEDIA AB Blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were formulated with 10% lactose/1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or various compositions of Fantesk (TM), a starch-oil composite prepared by jet-cooking an aqueous dispersion of starch and oil. Storage stability studies with wet blastospore formulations showed that maximum blastospore survival was achieved during low-temperature storage at -20 degrees C with lactose/ BSA formulations or starch-oil formulations supplemented with sucrose, zein protein, and whole milk. Under conditions of wet storage at -20 degrees C, the addition of whole milk to starch-oil formulations significantly improved blastospore stability while the addition of sucrose or zein protein had no effect. In freeze-drying studies, no significant differences were seen in blastospore desiccation tolerance or in stability during storage at either 4 or -20 degrees C when blastospores of P. fumosoroseus were formulated with lactose/ BSA or starch-oil formulations with sucrose, zein protein, and whole milk. Freeze-dried blastospore formulations stored at 4 degrees C showed no loss in blastospore viability after 3 months storage and blastospore formulations stored at -20 degrees C showed no loss in viability during the entire 12-month study. For freeze-dried, starch-oil formulations, sucrose was shown to improve blastospore survival during the freeze-drying process. The addition of whole milk to starch-oil formulations significantly improved the stability of freeze-dried blastospores stored at 4 degrees C. Compared to unformulated blastospore suspensions that showed blastospore settling after 30 min, suspensions of blastospores formulated with lactose/ BSA or starch-oil composites remained stable for up to 2 h after mixing. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jacksoma@ncaur.usda.gov NR 51 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1080/09583150500188197 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 991YU UT WOS:000233851600005 ER PT J AU Arthurs, S Heinz, KM AF Arthurs, S Heinz, KM TI Evaluation of the nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Thripinema nicklewoodi as biological control agents of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis infesting chrysanthemum SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; chrysanthemums; entomopathogenic nematodes; host inoculation; Frankliniella occidentalis; parasitic nematodes; Steinernema feltiae; Thripinema nicklewoodi; western flower thrips ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PERGANDE THYSANOPTERA; DICYPHUS-TAMANINII; ALLANTONEMATIDAE; TYLENCHIDA; CUCUMBER; GREENHOUSES; PROSPECTS AB In greenhouse studies, we evaluated a commercial formulation of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae and the inoculative release of the thrips-parasitic nematode Thripinema nicklewoodi against western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande infesting potted chrysanthemums. Foliar sprays of S. feltiae applied at 1.25 - 2.5 x 10(3) IJ mL(-1) and 1000 - 2000 L ha(-1) at 3-day intervals alone (targeting feeding stages) or in combination with soil applications ( simultaneously treating non-feeding stages in the soil at the same rates) decreased but did not provide adequate control of thrips in flowering plants artificially infested with a dense population. Similar nematode treatments applied for four to five applications at 6-day intervals in two batches of initially clean chrysanthemums failed to prevent unacceptable damage to flowers and leaves from a dense natural infestation within the greenhouse. Although some IJ survived up to 48 h within flowers and flower buds, few nematode-infected thrips (larvae and adults) were recovered. In studies with T. nicklewoodi (which is not amenable for mass production), the inoculative releases of two parasitized hosts per plant enabled the nematode to become established within existing WFT populations under greenhouse conditions. However, relatively poor transmission and slow speed of kill (nematode primarily suppresses populations through host sterilization) prevented low level inoculations being effective over a single crop cycle. Further studies showed that transmission of T. nicklewoodi persisted for nine host generations, infected up to 83% of adult thrips and provided long-term suppression of discrete caged populations, but only after uneconomically high thrips densities had been reached. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Biol Control Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Arthurs, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM sarthurs@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1080/09583150500258545 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 991YV UT WOS:000233851700003 ER PT J AU Dougherty, EM Narang, N Loeb, M Lynn, DE Shapiro, M AF Dougherty, EM Narang, N Loeb, M Lynn, DE Shapiro, M TI Fluorescent brightener inhibits apoptosis in baculovirus-infected gypsy moth larval midgut cells in vitro SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nucleopolyhedrovirus; fluorescent brightener; Blankophor P167; apoptosis; Lymantria dispar; cell cultures ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; LEPIDOPTERA; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; ENHANCEMENT AB Fluorescent brighteners significantly lower the LC50 and LT50 in a variety of nucleopolyhedrovirus-insect host systems. In larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), a European NPV strain of virus (LdMNPV) does not normally replicate in the midgut, but addition of a fluorescent brightener (Calcofluor M2R) to the virus suspension results in productive infections. In the current study, we show that LdMNPV also does not replicate in a larval midgut primary cell culture system unless a fluorescent brightener (Blankophor P167) is added. Morphological and cellular changes characteristic of apoptotic cell death were noted in infected midgut cells in vitro. We used the TUNEL assay to measure apoptosis in virus-challenged midgut cell cultures at 24-48 h post-inoculation. A significant decrease in apoptotic midgut cells was noted in the presence of 0.01 M brightener. The inhibition of apoptosis and presumptive inhibition of shedding of infected midgut cells in the presence of fluorescent brightener in the insect midgut appeared to promote virus replication and are likely to be partly responsible for enhancement of LdMNPV activity that is observed in gypsy moth larvae. C1 USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1080/09583150500258552 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 991YV UT WOS:000233851700004 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE AF Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL Horn, S Kilgo, JC Moorman, CE TI The response of ground beetles (Coleoptera : Carabidae) to selection cutting in a South Carolina bottomland hardwood forest SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE canopy gaps; Carabidae; disturbance; edge effect; ground beetles; group selection harvesting ID OAK-HORNBEAM FOREST; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY; EDGE; COMMUNITIES; CANADA; INVERTEBRATES; PLANTATIONS; COMPETITION AB We compared the response of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to the creation of canopy gaps of different size (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha) and age (1 and 7 years) in a bottomland hardwood forest (South Carolina, USA). Samples were collected four times in 2001 by malaise and pitfall traps placed at the center and edge of each gap, and 50 m into the surrounding forest. Species richness was higher at the center of young gaps than in old gaps or in the forest, but there was no statistical difference in species richness between old gaps and the forests surrounding them. Carabid abundance followed the same trend, but only with the exclusion of Semiardistomis viridis (Say), a very abundant species that differed in its response to gap age compared to most other species. The carabid assemblage at the gap edge was very similar to that of the forest, and there appeared to be no distinct edge community. Species known to occur in open or disturbed habitats were more abundant at the center of young gaps than at any other location. Generalist species were relatively unaffected by the disturbance, but one species (Dicaelus dilatatus Say) was significantly less abundant at the centers of young gaps. Forest inhabiting species were less abundant at the centers of old gaps than in the forest, but not in the centers of young gaps. Comparison of community similarity at various trapping locations showed that communities at the centers of old and young gaps had the lowest similarity (46.5%). The community similarity between young gap centers and nearby forest (49.1%) and old gap centers and nearby forest (50.0%) was similarly low. These results show that while the abundance and richness of carabids in old gaps was similar to that of the surrounding forest, the species composition between the two sites differed greatly. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Grenn St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10531-004-6899-3 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022CJ UT WOS:000236032000019 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Caton, JS Finley, JW AF Miller, Kevin B. Caton, Joel S. Finley, John W. TI Manganese depresses rat heart muscle respiration SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE manganese; magnesium; rat; heart; mitochondria ID MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENCY; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SUDDEN-DEATH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; CHLORIDE EXPOSURE; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; MITOCHONDRIA AB It has previously been reported that moderately high dietary manganese (Mn) in combination with marginal magnesium (Mg) resulted in ultrastructural damage to heart mitochondria. Manganese may replace Mg in biological functions, including the role of enzyme cofactor. Manganese may accumulate and substitute for Mg during the condition of Mg-deficiency. The objective of the current study was to determine whether high Mn alters heart muscle respiration and Mg-enzyme activity as well as whole body Mn retention under marginal Mg. An additional objective was to determine whether high Mn results in increased oxidative stress. In experiment 1: forty-eight rats were fed a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of Mn (10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 2: thirty-two rats were fed one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of Mn (10 or 250 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 3: thirty-two rats were fed one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of Mn (10 or 650 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 2, high Mn and marginal Mg reduced (P < 0.05) oxygen consumption of left ventricle muscle. Marginal Mg, but not Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase enzyme. Dietary Mg had no affect on Mn-54 kinetics, but high dietary Mn decreased (P < 0.01) absorption, retention, and rate of excretion of Mn-54. Neither cellular stress, measured by Comet assay, nor antioxidant activities were increased by high Mn. A strong interaction (P < 0.001) between increasing Mn and adequate Mg on hematology was observed. These results confirm previous research in swine that high Mn alters myocardial integrity as well as function, but not as a result of altered calcium transport or oxidative stress. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joel.caton@ndsu.edu NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2006 VL 28 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 131SJ UT WOS:000243889900004 PM 17264391 ER PT J AU Steenhuis, TS Dathe, A Zevi, Y Smith, JL Gao, B Shaw, SB DeAlwis, D Amaro-Garcia, S Fehrman, R Cakmak, ME Toevs, IC Liu, BM Beyer, SM Crist, JT Hay, AG Richards, BK DiCarlo, D McCarthy, JF AF Steenhuis, Tammo S. Dathe, Annette Zevi, Yuniati Smith, Jennifer L. Gao, Bin Shaw, Stephen B. DeAlwis, Dilkushi Amaro-Garcia, Samary Fehrman, Rosemarie Cakmak, M. Ekrem Toevs, Ian C. Liu, Benjamin M. Beyer, Steven M. Crist, John T. Hay, Anthony G. Richards, Brian K. DiCarlo, David McCarthy, John F. TI Biocolloid retention in partially saturated soils SO BIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BIOHYDROLOGY 2006 International Conference CY SEP 20-22, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE colloid transport; colloid retention; microbial transport; microbial retention; partially-saturated soil; unsaturated porous media; pathogens ID PARTICLES; TRANSPORT AB Unsaturated soils are considered excellent filters for preventing the transport of pathogenic biocolloids to groundwater, but little is known about the actual mechanisms of biocolloid retention. To obtain a better understanding of these processes, a number of visualization experiments were performed and analyzed. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Steenhuis, TS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tss1@cornell.edu RI Cakmak, Mehmet Ekrem/A-6905-2008; Richards, Brian/J-4765-2012; Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Cakmak, Mehmet Ekrem/0000-0002-4073-096X; Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0006-3088 J9 BIOLOGIA JI Biologia PY 2006 VL 61 SU 19 BP S229 EP S233 DI 10.2478/s11756-006-0163-0 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 086QQ UT WOS:000240688500003 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Liu, ZD Britton, KO Cai, P Orr, D Hough-Goldstein, J AF Sun, JH Liu, ZD Britton, KO Cai, P Orr, D Hough-Goldstein, J TI Survey of phytophagous insects and foliar pathogens in China for a biocontrol perspective on kudzu, Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. Almeida (Fabaceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE feeding guilds; biological control; weeds; invasive species AB A three-year survey of kudzu foliage, seed, stems, and roots for associated phytophagous insects was conducted to establish basic information about the insect communities that kudzu harbors in China and to assess the abundance, diversity and damage caused by these insects. Diseases of kudzu were also surveyed in southern China. A total of 116 phytophagous insect species in 31 families and 5 orders were collected from kudzu in China, in six feeding guilds: foliage, sap, stem, terminal, seed and root feeders. The impact of foliage feeders varied from site to site and year to year, and over the course of the growing season. The mean percent defoliation of kudzu over all plots and years was 13.3 +/- 1.9%, but ranged as high as 34%. Two insect species fed on shoots and clipped off terminals. Infestation of new shoots was high, with nearly half of all shoots clipped. Nearly half of the vines showed damage from stem borers, again varying through the season. Two species of insects attacked kudzu roots, mainly the cerambycid beetle Paraleprodera diophthalma (Pascoe), which caused considerable damage to both small (young, < 3.4 cm diameter) and large (older, > 6 cm diameter) roots. Insects also caused substantial seed damage. Imitation rust, caused by Synchytrium ininutinn [= S. piterariae (P. Henning) Miyabe], was the most commonly observed disease of kudzu. Several of these species have potential as biological control agents for kudzu in the US. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Anhui Agr Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hough-Goldstein, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jhough@udel.edu NR 65 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.007 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CH UT WOS:000234438000003 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR DeLoach, CJ AF Milbrath, LR DeLoach, CJ TI Host specificity of different populations of the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE host range; host specificity; classical biological control; weeds; weed biological control; Diorhabda elongata; saltcedar; Tamarix; Frankenia ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; TAMARICACEAE AB The leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata (Brulle) sensu lato, was released in 2001 for the classical biological control of exotic saltcedars, a complex of invasive Tamarix species and hybrids. It did not establish at sites south of 37 degrees N latitude where summer daylengths are below the critical photoperiod of the northern-adapted populations of the beetle that were released. Therefore, we assessed the host specificity of four D. elongata populations collected from more southern latitudes in the Old World (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, and Turpan, China). All populations were similar to each other and the previously released populations of D. elongata in their host specificity. Larval/pupal survival for all populations was 34-100% on Tamarix test plants, 0-76% on native Frankenia plants (both in the order Tamaricales), and 0% on the remaining 28 species of plants on which all the larvae died as 1st instars. D. elongata laid high numbers of eggs on saltcedar, generally fewer eggs on athel (a moderately valued evergreen species of Tamarix) except for Uzbekistan beetles, and few to no eggs on three species of Frankenia. Few to no adults were found on Frankenia plants which also were poor maintenance hosts. The release of any of the four D. elongata populations in the southern US and northern Mexico should pose no risk to plants outside the order Tamaricales and a low risk to native, non-target Frankenia plants. Athel may be less damaged than saltcedar. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lrm32@cornell.edu NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.008 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 000CH UT WOS:000234438000004 ER PT J AU Kozlovac, JP Hawley, RJ AF Kozlovac, Joseph P. Hawley, Robert J. BE Fleming, DO Hunt, DL TI Biological Toxins: Safety and Science SO BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRITISH CLINICAL LABORATORIES; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFECTIONS; ENDOTOXIN; DETOXIFICATION; TOXICITY; RICIN; MICE C1 [Kozlovac, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Homeland Secur Off, Biol Safety Program, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hawley, Robert J.] Midwest Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Kozlovac, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Homeland Secur Off, Biol Safety Program, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,Rm 2-1110, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-339-0 PY 2006 BP 253 EP 270 PG 18 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BOY56 UT WOS:000278066800014 ER PT J AU Heckert, RA Kozlovac, JP AF Heckert, Robert A. Kozlovac, Joseph P. BE Fleming, DO Hunt, DL TI Special Considerations for Agriculture Pathogen Biosafety SO BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Heckert, Robert A.] ARS, Natl Program Staff, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kozlovac, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Homeland Secur Off, Biol Safety Program, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heckert, RA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Program Staff, USDA, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,Rm 4-2176, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-339-0 PY 2006 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Microbiology GA BOY56 UT WOS:000278066800033 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Ford, JJ Rohrer, GA Nonneman, D AF Kim, Jong G. Ford, J. J. Rohrer, Gary A. Nonneman, Dan TI Molecular cloning of porcine OGT cDNA and mapping to the X chromosome. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA USA. USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500421 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA AF Vallet, Jeffrey L. Freking, Bradley A. TI Comparison of placental microscopic fold development between large and small fetuses throughout gestation in swine. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500462 ER PT J AU Aad, PY Echternkamp, SE Spicer, LJ AF Aad, Pauline Y. Echternkamp, Sherrill E. Spicer, Leon J. TI IGF type II receptor gene expression in granulosa and theca cells of cattle selected for twin ovulations and births. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500507 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH AF Purdy, Phillip H. TI Ubiquitination of boar sperm: What does this reveal about sperm physiology? SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2006 CL Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ Nebraska Med Ctr C1 USDA ARS, NCGRP, NAGP, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2006 SI SI BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 063ZW UT WOS:000239059500582 ER PT J AU Cullen, AB Cooke, PH Driska, SP Wolfson, MR Shaffer, TH AF Cullen, Aaron B. Cooke, Peter H. Driska, Steven P. Wolfson, Marla R. Shaffer, Thomas H. TI The impact of mechanical ventilation on immature airway smooth muscle: Functional, structural, histological, and molecular correlates SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE mechanical ventilation; immature airway smooth muscle; airway dysfunction; tracheal rings, newborn lambs ID MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN; ISOFORM DIVERSITY; PRETERM LAMB; ADULT; CONTRACTION; IDENTIFICATION; DEFORMATION; BIRTH; CDNA AB Preterm infants exposed to mechanical ventilation often develop airway dysfunction and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The mechanisms of mechanical ventilation-induced airway injury are currently unknown. This study correlates the age-related effects of mechanical ventilation on airway function with structural alterations at the tissue, cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular levels. Mechanically ventilated and nonventilated tracheal rings were obtained from premature and newborn lambs. In tissue baths, the passive and active length-tension relationships and dose-response characteristics of the tracheal rings were determined. Fixed tracheal rings were digested and the resulting isolated smooth muscle cells measured. Rings were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Additionally, protein was extracted from the tracheal smooth muscle and myosin heavy chain isoforms were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by densitometry. Mechanical ventilation resulted in a significant decrease of both the slope of the passive length-stress relationship and of maximal force generation, with both effects being most pronounced in the newborn age group. These age-related functional alterations correlated with a decrease in smooth muscle cell length and a disruption of ultrastructural architecture, which were also most pronounced in the older groups. Furthermore, mechanical ventilation resulted in epithelial denudation at all ages. There were no acute statistically significant effects of mechanical ventilation on myosin heavy chain isoform expression. This study demonstrates age-related effects of mechanical ventilation on the passive and active characteristics of tracheal function and provides a structural analysis of potential mechanisms. The mechanisms behind these functional differences involve ultrastructural changes in cell length, tissue matrix, and disruption of epithelial integrity. These findings help elucidate the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced airway injury. C1 Alfred I DuPont Hosp Childrens, Nemours Reg Lung Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Branch, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Shaffer, TH (reprint author), Alfred I DuPont Hosp Childrens, Nemours Reg Lung Ctr, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. EM tshaffer@nemours.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR020173-01] NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PY 2006 VL 90 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1159/000091742 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 062LX UT WOS:000238947700003 PM 16534184 ER PT J AU Cope, KA Solga, SF Hummers, LK Wigley, FM Diehl, AM Risby, TH AF Cope, KA Solga, SF Hummers, LK Wigley, FM Diehl, AM Risby, TH TI Abnormal exhaled ethane concentrations in scleroderma SO BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE breath analysis; ethane; ethanol; oxidative stress; systemic sclerosis; scleroderma ID INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASES; RADICAL-MEDIATED INJURY; SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAYNAUDS-PHENOMENON; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIOXIDANT AB Scleroderma ( systemic sclerosis) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease in which oxidative stress is suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology. Therefore, it was postulated that patients with scleroderma would have abnormally high breath ethane concentrations, which is a volatile product of free-radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, compared with a group of controls. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean exhaled ethane concentration of 5.27 pmol ml(-1) CO2 (SEM = 0.76) in the scleroderma patients (n = 36) versus the mean exhaled concentration of 2.72 pmol ml(-1) CO2 (SEM=0.71) in a group of healthy controls (n=21). Within the scleroderma group, those subjects taking a calcium channel blocker had lower ethane concentrations compared with patients who were not taking these drugs (p=0.05). There was a significant inverse association between lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide ( per cent of predicted) and ethane concentration (b=-2.8, p=0.026, CI = -5.2 to -0.35). These data support the presence of increased oxidative stress among patients with scleroderma that is detected by measuring breath ethane concentrations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cope, KA (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Ctr Rd,Bldg 307C,Room 148, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kcope@jhsph.edu OI Hummers, Laura/0000-0002-4864-4011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07141] NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-750X J9 BIOMARKERS JI Biomarkers PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 11 IS 1 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1080/13547500500515046 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology GA 011ON UT WOS:000235278000006 PM 16484138 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG AF Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG TI Dewatering of phosphorus extracted from liquid swine waste SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liquid swine manure; phosphorus; recovery; dewatering; calcium phosphate; hogs; piggery; fertilizer; wastewater treatment; precipitation ID SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; WATER; RECOVERY; STRUVITE; MANURE AB Phosphorus (P) recovery from liquid swine manure is an attractive technology when on-farm application of liquid swine manure is not an option. We developed a technology that enables separation of this P, but its high moisture content makes transportation difficult. In this work, we investigated dewatering procedures to concentrate the P product. Sludge rich in calcium phosphate (> 20% P2O5) was obtained using a field prototype, and it was further dewatered using a combination of polymer treatment and filter bags. Anionic polyacrylamide polymer treatment (>= 20 mg/L) was effective to flocculate the P-rich sludge, which enhanced filtration and dewatering. Without polymer, filtration was incomplete due to clogging of filters. Non-woven polypropylene and monofilament filter bag fabrics with mesh size <= 200 mu m retained > 99% of suspended solids and total P. Solids content dramatically increased from about 1.5% to > 90%. These dewatered solids can be transported more economically off the farm for use as a valuable fertilizer material. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM szogi@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.001 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 971DD UT WOS:000232360600024 PM 16154515 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Schmidt, WF AF Barone, JR Schmidt, WF TI Effect of formic acid exposure on keratin fiber derived from poultry feather biomass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; keratin; fiber; crystallinity; poultry feather; biomass ID AMINO-ACIDS; RECOGNITION; FORMULATION; FTIR; FILM AB Converting poultry feather biomass into useful products presents a new avenue of utilization of agricultural waste material. However, not much is understood about the poultry feather structure or methods to process it. In this study, formic acid vapor is systematically allowed to penetrate the feather fiber structure, which is composed of keratin. The diffusion kinetics show Fickian behavior during absorption. After very long times, i.e., greater than 10(3) h, the absorption experiments are stopped and the formic acid is allowed to desorb from the keratin material. The desorption kinetics of formic acid out of the keratin fiber do not mirror the absorption kinetics, indicating a change in the keratin microstructure. DSC and NMR spectroscopy analyses on the keratin fiber show a reduction in the area of the crystalline melting peak and solubilization of amino acids upon formic acid exposure. This indicates that the crystallinity is disrupted resulting in more amorphous fraction in the keratin polymer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, BARC W, Bldg 012,Room 1-3,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM baronej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.039 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 992BI UT WOS:000233858600007 PM 16171680 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Swanson, FJ Gonzalez, OR Adams, MB Palik, B Thill, RE Brockway, DG Kern, C Woodsmith, R Musselman, R AF Lugo, AE Swanson, FJ Gonzalez, OR Adams, MB Palik, B Thill, RE Brockway, DG Kern, C Woodsmith, R Musselman, R TI Long-Term research at the USDA Forest Service's experimental forests and ranges SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE experimental forests; experimental rangelands; research networks; global change science; silviculture ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; CHALLENGES; ECOSYSTEM; REGIMES; OREGON; RIVER AB The network of experimental forests and ranges administered by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service consists of 77 properties that are representative of most forest cover types and many ecological regions in the nation. Established as early as 1908, these sites maintain exceptional, long-term databases on environmental dynamics and biotic responses. Early research at these sites focused on silviculture, ecosystem restoration, and watershed management. Over time, many of the properties have evolved into a functional network of ecological observatories through common large-scale, long-term experiments and other approaches. Collaboration with other institutions and research programs fosters intersite research and common procedures for managing and sharing data. Much current research in this network focuses on global change and interdisciplinary ecosystem studies at local to global scales. With this experience in developing networks and compiling records of environmental history, the experimental forests and ranges network can contribute greatly to formation of new networks of environmental observatories. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, 1201 Calle Ceiba,Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0039:LRATUF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 000VW UT WOS:000234491500010 ER PT J AU Rains, GC Utley, SL Lewis, WJ AF Rains, GC Utley, SL Lewis, WJ TI Behavioral monitoring of trained insects for chemical detection SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Institute-of-Biological-Engineering CY MAR 04-06, 2005 CL Athens, GA SP Inst Biolog Engn ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; WASP AB A portable, handheld volatile odor detector ("Wasp Hound") that utilizes a computer vision system and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid wasp, as the chemical sensor was created. Five wasps were placed in a test cartridge and placed inside the device. Wasps were either untrained or trained by associative learning to detect 3-octanone, a common fungal volatile chemical. The Wasp Hound sampled air from the headspace of corn samples prepared within the lab and, coupled with Visual Cortex, a software program developed using the LabView graphical programming language, monitored and analyzed wasp behavior. The Wasp Hound, with conditioned wasps, was able to detect 0.5 mg of 3-octanone within a 240 mL glass container filled with feed corn (approximate to 2.6 x 10(-5) mol/L). The Wasp Hound response to the control (corn alone) and a different chemical placed in the corn (0.5 mg of myrcene) was significantly different than the response to the 3-octanone. Wasp Hound results from untrained wasps were significantly different from trained wasps when comparing the responses to 3-octanone. The Wasp Hound may provide a unique method for monitoring grains, peanuts, and tree nuts for fungal growth associated with toxin production, as well as detecting chemicals associated with forensic investigations and plant/animal disease. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Rains, GC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM grains@tifton.uga.edu NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1021/bp050164p PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 011CB UT WOS:000235244100002 PM 16454485 ER PT J AU Chung, MG Chung, MY Johnson, ADC Palmer, RG AF Chung, MG Chung, MY Johnson, ADC Palmer, RG TI Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the USDA soybean germplasm from central China SO BOTANICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; Glycine max; pre-selection; RFLPs; USDA soybean germplasm collection ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; SSR MARKERS; GERM PLASM; RFLP LOCI; POPULATIONS; ALLOZYME; COLLECTIONS; ISOZYME; INTRODUCTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB To evaluate levels of genetic diversity in USDA soybean germplasm from central China, 107 accessions were examined at 46 RFLP loci. We compared genetic diversity in randomly selected accessions with pre-selected accessions based upon root tip fluorescence, pubescence morphology, and isozyme patterns at ten enzyme systems. We also evaluated levels of genetic diversity of the central Chinese accessions (n = 107) by comparing previously studied ancestors and milestone cultivars (NAC, n = 64) in the USA. Finally, we estimated the degree of genetic differentiation among six Chinese provinces (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, and Shanxi). There was significant difference between pre-selected and random accessions in terms of the mean number of alleles per locus (A, 2.44 vs. 2.13) and allelic richness (2.26 vs. 2.10). However, the former (H-e = 0.393) maintained levels of gene diversity or expected heterozygosity (H-e) similar to the latter (H-e = 0.394). This is attributed to the fact that many alleles found in pre-selected accessions were present at very low frequencies (mean effective number of alleles, A(e) = 1.72). A broader range of alleles detected in the pre-selected accessions suggests that pre-selection of accessions screened from isozyme data may be useful for selecting germplasm collections with a greater number of RFLP alleles. The central Chinese accessions maintained a significantly higher level of RFLP genetic diversity than the NAC (H-e = 0.405, A = 2.50 for central China vs. H-e = 0.339, A = 2.08 for the USA). We detected significant genetic differentiation among the six provinces (mean G(ST) = 0. 133). These results suggest that Chinese germplasm accessions from various regions or provinces in the USDA germplasm collection could be used to enhance the genetic diversity of US. cultivars. C1 Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Biol, Jinju 660701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS,Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit,Project 37, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chung, MG (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Biol, Jinju 660701, South Korea. EM mgchung@nongae.gsnu.ac.kr NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIA SINICA, INST PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOLOGY & RES CENTER BIODIVERSITY PI TAIPEI PA NANKANG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN 11529, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1817-406X J9 BOT STUD JI Bot. Stud. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 47 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 057QS UT WOS:000238610900002 ER PT S AU Piegay, H Grant, G Nakamura, F Trustrum, N AF Piegay, Herve Grant, Gordon Nakamura, Futoshi Trustrum, Noel BE Smith, GHS Best, JL Bristow, CS Petts, GE TI Braided river management: from assessment of river behaviour to improved sustainable development SO BRAIDED RIVERS: PROCESS, DEPOSITS, ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SE Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Human impacts; river restoration; flooding risk management; channel adjustment; ecological conservation; geomorphological sensitivity; braided rivers ID NEW-ZEALAND; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; FLOODPLAIN; FRANCE; VEGETATION; EROSION; SYSTEM; DAMS AB Braided rivers change their geometry so rapidly, thereby modifying their boundaries and floodplains, that key management questions are difficult to resolve. This paper discusses aspects of braided channel evolution, considers management issues and problems posed by this evolution, and develops these ideas using several contrasting case studies drawn from around the world. In some cases, management is designed to reduce braiding activity because of economic considerations, a desire to reduce hazards, and an absence of ecological constraints. In other parts of the world, the ecological benefits of braided rivers are prompting scientists and managers to develop strategies to preserve and, in some cases, to restore them. Management strategies that have been proposed for controlling braided rivers include protecting the developed floodplain by engineered structures, mining gravel from braided channels, regulating sediment from contributing tributaries, and afforesting the catchment. Conversely, braiding and its attendant benefits can be promoted by removing channel vegetation, increasing coarse sediment supply, promoting bank erosion, mitigating ecological disruption, and improving planning and development. These different examples show that there is no unique solution to managing braided rivers, but that management depends on the stage of geomorphological evolution of the river, ecological dynamics and concerns, and human needs and safety. For scientists wishing to propose 'sustainable' solutions, they must consider the cost-benefit aspects of their options, and the needs and desires of society. This requires an interdisciplinary approach linking earth scientists and social scientists concerned with environmental economics, planning, and societal and political strategies, in order to fully evaluate the economic and social validity of different options for different time-scales. C1 [Piegay, Herve] CNRS, UMR 5600, F-69362 Lyon 07, France. [Grant, Gordon] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR USA. [Nakamura, Futoshi] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Trustrum, Noel] Inst Geol & Nat Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Piegay, H (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5600, 18 Rue Chevreul, F-69362 Lyon 07, France. EM piegay@univ-lyon3.fr NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-3600 BN 978-1-4051-5121-4 J9 SPEC PUBL INT ASS SE PY 2006 VL 36 BP 257 EP 275 D2 10.1002/9781444304374 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BTE81 UT WOS:000286659900012 ER PT S AU Henning, J AF Henning, J. BE Bamforth, CW TI The breeding of hop SO BREWING: NEW TECHNOLOGIES SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMULUS-LUPULUS L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR METHODS; AFLP ANALYSIS; 5 TRAITS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; RAPD; MICROSATELLITE C1 [Henning, J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Henning, J.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Henning, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM john.Henning@orst.edu NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-003-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2006 IS 126 BP 102 EP 122 DI 10.1533/9781845691738.102 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BNG06 UT WOS:000274476100005 ER PT S AU Olson, KE Alphey, L Carlson, JO James, AA AF Olson, KE Alphey, L Carlson, JO James, AA BE Knols, BGJ Louis, C TI Genetic approaches in Aedes aegypti for control of denguean overview SO BRIDGING LABORATORY AND FIELD RESEARCH FOR GENETIC CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS SE WAGENINGEN UR FRONTIS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bridging Laboratory and Field Research for Genetic Control of Disease Vectors CY JUL, 2004 CL Nairobi, KENYA SP UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Tropical Dis, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, US Natl Inst Hlth, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Frontis DE dengue; Aedes aegypti; genetic-based vector control ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; RNA INTERFERENCE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; VIRUS; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS AB The mosquito-borne dengue viruses (DV) cause an estimated 50 million human infections annually. The incidence of severe dengue disease in Southeast Asia and Latin America is increasing at an alarming rate. There are currently no vaccines or anti-viral therapies available to mitigate dengue disease. Current methodologies for controlling the principal vector, Aedes aegypti, are inadequate and ineffective. A potential solution to this growing human-health crisis is to develop new genetics-based vector control (GVC) approaches as part of an integrated control strategy. GVC includes both population reduction and population replacement strategies and represents a broad spectrum of genetic mechanisms at various stages in their development for field-testing. To realize the full potentials of these GVC strategies it is critical that we investigate, evaluate and, where appropriate, develop these strategies to the point where they can be deployed at field sites in one or more disease-endemic countries (DECs). C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Res Campus,3185 Rampart Rd,Mail Deliver, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wellcome Trust Ctr, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Colorado State Univ, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Dept Microbiol, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Res Campus,3185 Rampart Rd,Mail Deliver, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kolson@colostate.edu; luke.alphey@zoology.oxford.ac.uk; jonathan.carlson@colostate.edu; aajames@uci.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4544 BN 1-4020-3799-6 J9 WAG UR FRON JI Wagening. UR WAGENINGEN Frontis Ser. PY 2006 VL 11 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1007/1-4020-3799-6_7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Parasitology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology; Parasitology GA BDZ79 UT WOS:000236353200005 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Hillers, VV AF Singleton, Jan Hillers, Virginia Val TI The extension programme and food safety education in the USA SO BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE food safety; grants; United States of America AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explain the work and importance of the "extension" programme in the USA. Design/methodology/approach - An historical review of the formation, development, present day workings and importance of the extension programme. Findings - "Extension" works in six major areas, including family, consumer science and agriculture. Extension grants that address food safety are issued via the National Integrated Food Safety Initiative (NIFSI). Target audiences for the programmes include various groups of consumers (pregnant/nursing mothers, infants, teens, etc.), as well as multipliers or gatekeepers who disseminate knowledge to groups of consumers. Practical implications - Since the Year 2000, NIFSI have awarded more than 180 competitive integrated food safety grants. Federal data indicate 20 percent reduction in foodborne disease attributed to collaborative educational efforts including the development of HACCP. Originality/value - This paper is one of the few to describe the work of the extension programme with specific reference to food safety. C1 USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Washington State Univ, Coupeville, WA USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM jsingleton@csrees.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0007-070X J9 BRIT FOOD J JI Br. Food J. PY 2006 VL 108 IS 9 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1108/00070700610688395 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 091YZ UT WOS:000241065500006 ER PT J AU Higgins, W Ahijevych, D Amador, J Barros, A Berbery, EH Caetano, E Carbone, R Ciesielski, P Cifelli, R Cortez-Vazquez, M Douglas, A Douglas, M Emmanuel, G Fairall, C Gochis, D Gutzler, D Jackson, T Johnson, R King, C Lang, T Lee, MI Lettenmaier, D Lobato, R Magana, V Meiten, J Mo, K Nesbitt, S Ocampo-Torres, F Pytlak, E Rogers, P Rutledge, S Schemm, J Schubert, S White, A Williams, C Wood, A Zamora, R Zhang, CD AF Higgins, W Ahijevych, D Amador, J Barros, A Berbery, EH Caetano, E Carbone, R Ciesielski, P Cifelli, R Cortez-Vazquez, M Douglas, A Douglas, M Emmanuel, G Fairall, C Gochis, D Gutzler, D Jackson, T Johnson, R King, C Lang, T Lee, MI Lettenmaier, D Lobato, R Magana, V Meiten, J Mo, K Nesbitt, S Ocampo-Torres, F Pytlak, E Rogers, P Rutledge, S Schemm, J Schubert, S White, A Williams, C Wood, A Zamora, R Zhang, CD TI The NAME 2004 field campaign and modelling strategy SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CALIFORNIA MOISTURE SURGES; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM AB The North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) is an internationally coordinated process study aimed at determining the sources and limits of predictability of warm-season precipitation over North America. The scientific objectives of NAME are to promote a better understanding and more realistic simulation of warm-season convective processes in complex terrain, intraseasonal variability of the monsoon, and the response of the warm-season atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns to slowly varying, potentially predictable surface boundary conditions. During the summer of 2004, the NAME community implemented an international (United States, Mexico, Central America), multiagency (NOAA, NASA, NSF, USDA) field experiment called NAME 2004. This article presents early results from the NAME 2004 campaign and describes how the NAME modeling community will leverage the NAME 2004 data to accelerate improvements in warm-season precipitation forecasts for North America. C1 NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605A, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Serv Meteorol Nacl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. UCAR, JOSS, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Mexicano Tecnol Agua, Jiutepec, Mexico. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. NWS, NOAA, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605A, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Wayne.Higgins@noaa.gov RI Nesbitt, Stephen/A-9366-2008; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Barros, Ana/A-3562-2011; Nesbitt, Stephen/I-3965-2013 OI Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Barros, Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106; Nesbitt, Stephen/0000-0003-0348-0452 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 87 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-1-79 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009VB UT WOS:000235140400017 ER PT J AU Kitchen, AM Gese, EM Lupis, SG AF Kitchen, Ann M. Gese, Eric M. Lupis, Sarah G. TI Multiple scale den site selection by Swift Foxes, Vulpes velox, in southeastern Colorado SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Swift Fox; Vulpes velox; denning; habitat selection; home range use; Colorado ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT USE; COYOTES; DIET; ECOLOGY AB Predation by Coyotes (Canis latrans) is a major source of mortality in Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) populations. Year-round den use by Swift Foxes is likely to be a predator avoidance strategy. Due to the importance of denning to Swift Fox ecology, we recorded den site selection of Swift Foxes in southeastern Colorado. Den site selection was recorded at two scales: microhabitat characteristics at the den and den placement within the home range. The number of den entrances, height and width of each entrance, aspect, hill position, slope, percent rock in soil, vegetative cover, and horizontal foliar density of 42 Swift Fox dens were examined during December 1999 -April 2000. This was compared to the same microhabitat characteristics at 42 random sites within Swift Fox home ranges to determine if Swift Foxes were using site characteristics according to their availability. Our results indicated that Swift Foxes were not highly selective of den sites based on the microhabitat characteristics evaluated in this study, although Swift Foxes selected areas of intermediate rock percentages. In addition, Swift Foxes were radio-tracked throughout the sample period and the location and frequency of use of known dens were recorded. Within the core area of home ranges, Swift Foxes used more dens (mean = 3.51 +/- 1.70 (SD)), and had a higher frequency of use of dens (mean = 8.20 +/- 6.01) than in the mid-range area (number of dens, mean = 0.90 +/- 0.94; frequency, mean = 1.27 +/- 2.12) and the boundary area (number of dens, mean = 0.34 +/- 0.53; frequency, mean = 0.45 +/- 0.93) of the home range. We discuss our results in terms of the importance of dens in facilitating escape from Coyotes. These results illustrate the need for examining den site selection at multiple scales to determine all selection factors, and to provide information useful for recovery and management efforts for this species. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kitchen, AM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM HendersonAn@si.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 190OD UT WOS:000248067600006 ER PT J AU Taylor, CM Holder, TL Fiorillo, RA Williams, LR Thomas, RB Warren, ML AF Taylor, CM Holder, TL Fiorillo, RA Williams, LR Thomas, RB Warren, ML TI Distribution, abundance, and diversity of stream fishes under variable environmental conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; REGIONAL PROCESSES; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PUTTING THINGS; HABITAT; PATTERNS; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB The effects of stream size and flow regime on spatial and temporal variability of stream fish distribution, abundance, and diversity patterns were investigated. Assemblage variability and species richness were each significantly associated with a complex environmental gradient contrasting smaller, hydrologically variable stream localities with larger localities characterized by more stable flow regimes. Assemblages showing the least variability were the most species-rich and occurred in relatively large, stable environments. Theory suggests that species richness can be an important determinant of assemblage variability. Although this appears to be true in our system, we suggest that spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the environment largely determines both assemblage richness and variability, providing a more parsimonious explanation for the diversity-variability correlation. Changes in species richness of local assemblages across time were coordinated across the landscape, and assemblages formed spatially and temporally nested subset patterns. These results suggest an important link between local community dynamics and community-wide occurrence. At the species level, mean local persistence was significantly associated with regional occurrence. Thus, the more widespread a species was, the greater its local persistence. Our results illustrate how the integrity of local stream fish assemblages is dependent on local environmental conditions, regional patterns of species distribution, and landscape continuity. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Shorter Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Rome, GA 30165 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ S Carolina Upstate, Div Nat Sci & Engn, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Taylor, CM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, PO Drawer GY, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ctaylor@ra.msstate.edu NR 77 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1139/F05-203 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010XO UT WOS:000235231400004 ER PT J AU Rieman, BE Peterson, JT Myers, DL AF Rieman, BE Peterson, JT Myers, DL TI Have brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displaced bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT; FISH; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS AB Invasions of non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have the potential for upstream displacement or elimination of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and other native species already threatened by habitat loss. We summarized the distribution and number of bull trout in samples from 12 streams with and without brook trout in central Idaho and used hierarchical regression analysis to consider whether brook trout have displaced bull trout along gradients of temperature and elevation. Brook trout generally were observed in higher numbers downstream of bull trout. Brook trout presence, number, and both temperature and elevation were important variables explaining the observed distributions and number of bull trout among streams. Our analyses support the hypothesis that brook trout have displaced bull trout, but results were highly variable and stream dependent. Although brook trout appeared to have displaced bull trout to higher elevations or colder temperatures, there was no clear influence on overall number of bull trout. Brook trout probably do influence bull trout populations and facilitate if not cause local extinctions, but threats probably vary strongly with environmental conditions. Bull trout in smaller streams could be more vulnerable than those in larger streams. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rieman, BE (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM brieman@fs.fed.us RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 57 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 63 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1139/F05-206 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 010XO UT WOS:000235231400006 ER PT J AU Miller, AT Allen, HL Maier, CA AF Miller, AT Allen, HL Maier, CA TI Quantifying the coarse-root biomass of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND CARBON; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SITE PREPARATION; UPLAND FORESTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; STUMP BIOMASS AB Most of the carbon accumulation during a forest rotation is in plant biomass and the forest floor. Most of the belowground biomass in older loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests is in coarse roots, and coarse roots persist longer after harvest than aboveground biomass and fine roots. The main objective was to assess the carbon accumulation in coarse roots of a loblolly pine plantation that was subjected to different levels of management intensity. Total belowground biomass ranged from 56.4 to 62.4 Mt.ha(-1) and was not affected by treatment. Vegetation control and disking increased pine taproot biomass,and decreased hardwood taproot biomass. Pines between tree coarse roots were unaffected by treatment, but hardwoods between tree coarse roots were significantly reduced by vegetation control. Necromass was substantially lower than between-tree biomass, indicating that decomposition of coarse-root biomass from the previous stand was rapid for between-tree coarse roots. Total aboveground biomass was increased by vegetation control, with the lowest production on the least intensively managed plots (180.2 Mt.ha(-1)) and the highest production on the most intensively managed plots (247.3 Mt.ha(-1)). Coarse-root biomass ranged from 19% to 24% of total biomass. Silvicultural practices increasing aboveground pine productivity did not increase total coarse-root biomass carbon because of the difference in root/shoot allocation between pine and hardwood species. C1 James W Sewall Co, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Forest Nutr Cooperat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Miller, AT (reprint author), James W Sewall Co, 200-10035 Pk Cedar Dr, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. EM Ashley.Miller@jws.com NR 67 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1139/X05-229 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 038DW UT WOS:000237199800002 ER EF