FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mernitz, H Smith, DE Wood, RJ Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Mernitz, H Smith, DE Wood, RJ Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by 9-cis retinoic acid and 1 alpha 25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in the A/J mouse model: Evidence of retinoid antagonism of vitamin D SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A149 EP A149 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501154 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Grap, BA Blumberg, JB Kalt, W AF Milbury, PE Grap, BA Blumberg, JB Kalt, W TI Analysis of anthocyanins in tissues of pigs fed blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlant Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A550 EP A550 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504403 ER PT J AU Morris, J Park, S Nakata, P Hirschi, K AF Morris, J Park, S Nakata, P Hirschi, K TI Bioavailability of calcium from modified carrots expressing a plant Ca2+/H+ transporter SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Texas A&M Univ, Hort Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A196 EP A197 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501369 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, JD Cleveland, LE AF Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, JD Cleveland, LE TI America's nutrition report card: comparing nutrient intakes to Dietary Reference Intakes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A179 EP A179 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501289 ER PT J AU Mwaniki, AM Cheng, ZQ Hockenga, O Buckler, E Kochian, L Glahn, R AF Mwaniki, AM Cheng, ZQ Hockenga, O Buckler, E Kochian, L Glahn, R TI Genetic and biochemical analysis of iron bioavailability in maize SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A623 EP A623 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505167 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Stoecker, B AF Nielsen, FH Stoecker, B TI Dietary boron and fish oil have desirable effects on vertebral microarchitecture and strength SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A561 EP A561 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504451 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Penland, JG AF Nielsen, FH Penland, JG TI Dietary boron, fish oil, and their interaction affect rat behavior and brain mineral composition SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A176 EP A176 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501276 ER PT J AU Paul, DR Kramer, M Rumpler, WV Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Harris, GK Baer, DJ AF Paul, DR Kramer, M Rumpler, WV Stote, KS Clevidence, BA Harris, GK Baer, DJ TI Variability in the physical activity of free-living adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A588 EP A588 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505005 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP TI Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase pathway genes in the chicken brain during fasting and refeeding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A171 EP A171 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501253 ER PT J AU Rader, EP Weinzweig, J Cederna, PS McClellan, WT Caterson, SA Panter, KE Yu, D Buchman, SR Larkin, LM Faulkner, JA AF Rader, EP Weinzweig, J Cederna, PS McClellan, WT Caterson, SA Panter, KE Yu, D Buchman, SR Larkin, LM Faulkner, JA TI Effect of surgery on the susceptibility of single permeabilized muscle fibers of congenitally-clefted goat palates to contraction-induced injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. 2130 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A806 EP A806 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206506459 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG DeMars, LC AF Reeves, PG DeMars, LC TI Anemia in Cu-deficient rats was not reversed by administering high amounts of Cu-free Fe, either parenterally or by diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A193 EP A193 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501353 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, RW Russell, BA Poch, SM Richards, MP TI A further examination of the role of dietary protein in regulating metabolism in the broiler SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 21045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A178 EP A178 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501282 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Reeves, PG AF Saari, JT Reeves, PG TI Pinto beans are a good source of dietary copper SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A554 EP A554 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504421 ER PT J AU Sebastian, R Cleveland, L Goldman, J Moshfegh, A AF Sebastian, R Cleveland, L Goldman, J Moshfegh, A TI Snacking Behavior of children and teenagers in the United States SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A189 EP A190 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501336 ER PT J AU Shafer, K Lohse, B Nitzke, S Greene, G Kritsch, K AF Shafer, K Lohse, B Nitzke, S Greene, G Kritsch, K TI Identification of psychosocial factors related to fruit and vegetable consumption by American Indians SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A173 EP A173 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501262 ER PT J AU Shea, MK O'Donnell, CJ Hoffman, U Price, PA Dawson-Hughes, B Booth, SL AF Shea, MK O'Donnell, CJ Hoffman, U Price, PA Dawson-Hughes, B Booth, SL TI Plasma vitamin K levels are associated with coronary calcification in older adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Calcium & Bone Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A134 EP A134 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501090 ER PT J AU Shen, J Crosier, MD Parnell, LD Shea, K Dawson-Hughes, B Ordovas, JM Booth, S AF Shen, J Crosier, MD Parnell, LD Shea, K Dawson-Hughes, B Ordovas, JM Booth, S TI Interleukin 6-174C > G polymorphism is associated with low bone mineral density in older subjects consuming low calcium SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A608 EP A608 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505098 ER PT J AU Shih, RSM Wong, SHK Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Shih, RSM Wong, SHK Schoene, NW Lei, KY TI Impaired G2/M cell cycle progression and marked elevation of Gadd45 protein level in zinc supplemented human bronchial epithelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A608 EP A608 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505099 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, JT German, JB Van Loan, M AF Smilowitz, JT German, JB Van Loan, M TI Dairy food consumption alters lipid responses in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A583 EP A583 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504552 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Botero, S Levander, OA AF Smith, AD Botero, S Levander, OA TI Copper deficiency increases the virulence of coxsackievirus b3 infections in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A554 EP A554 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504420 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Aldrovandi, GM Wilson, CM AF Stephensen, CB Marquis, GS Kruzich, LA Douglas, SD Aldrovandi, GM Wilson, CM TI Vitamins D Status in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A186 EP A186 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501320 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Escobar, J Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Escobar, J Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Davis, TA TI Developmental regulation of the activation of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A425 EP A425 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503351 ER PT J AU Swain, JH Penland, JG Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Swain, JH Penland, JG Johnson, LK Hunt, JR TI Energy, mood and attention did not consistently improve with iron status in non-anemic women with moderate to low iron stores SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A191 EP A192 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501345 ER PT J AU Thompson, VJ McCabe-Sellers, B McFarlin, C Strickland, E Bogle, M AF Thompson, VJ McCabe-Sellers, B McFarlin, C Strickland, E Bogle, M TI Low fruit and vegetable availability in two small, rural Lower Mississippi Delta Communities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A552 EP A552 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504411 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Ross, S AF Uthus, EO Ross, S TI Dietary selenium (Se) but not folic acid (FA) affects the activity and mRNA of rat liver betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A429 EP A429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206503368 ER PT J AU Wong, D Robertson, G Lee, C Wagschal, K AF Wong, D Robertson, G Lee, C Wagschal, K TI Synergistic action of barley alpha-amylase and Lentinula edodes glucoamylase on raw starch hydrolysis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A42 EP A42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500203 ER PT J AU Wong, SHK Zhao, YQ Alshatwi, A Cui, LB Shih, RSM Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Wong, SHK Zhao, YQ Alshatwi, A Cui, LB Shih, RSM Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY TI Zinc deficiency suppresses p21 transcriptional activity in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A609 EP A609 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206505100 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Pae, MY Ren, ZH Guo, WM Cui, XL Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Pae, MY Ren, ZH Guo, WM Cui, XL Meydani, SN TI Aging increases expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue (AT) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A140 EP A140 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501115 ER PT J AU Yu, D Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Buchman, SR Kuzon, WM Faulkner, JA Hanes, MC Larkin, LM Cederna, PS AF Yu, D Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Buchman, SR Kuzon, WM Faulkner, JA Hanes, MC Larkin, LM Cederna, PS TI The impact of age on the levator veli palatini in congenitally-clefted goat palates SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Michigan, Inst Gerontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lahey Clin Med Ctr, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A28 EP A28 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206500133 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Saari, JT AF Zeng, HW Saari, JT TI New findings on protein expression in copper deficient rat heart using proteomic approaches SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A553 EP A553 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206504415 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Stephensen, CB AF Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Stephensen, CB TI Diets rich in polyphenols and vitamin A inhibit type I autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2006 Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, W Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 6 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP A125 EP A125 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 024OW UT WOS:000236206501048 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Prado, PI AF Norrbom, AL Prado, PI TI New genera and host plant records of Asteraceae-feeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; Tephritinae; taxonomy; host plant; Asteraceae AB Three new genera of Tephritinae (Tephritidae), Cipomyia (type species: C. totofusca, n. sp.), Eutretopsis (type species: E. albipunctata, n. sp.), and Lewinsohnia (type species: L. magna, n. sp.) are described from Brazil. The first host plant records are provided for C. totofusca, L. magna, and Caenoriata pertinax (Bates). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Nucl Estudos & Pesquisas Ambientais, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM anorrbom@sel.barc.usda.gov; paulo@nepam.unicamp.br RI Prado, Paulo/G-3353-2012 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 6 PY 2006 IS 1139 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 019SB UT WOS:000235855900001 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WN Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ AF Song, B Chen, WN Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ TI Compressive properties of soybean oil-based polymers at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soybean oil-based polymers; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); stress-strain curve; strain rate; compressive properties ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; DIVINYLBENZENE THERMOSETTING COPOLYMERS; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; VEGETABLE-OILS; SOFT MATERIALS; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL FUELS; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITE; RUBBER AB Quasi-static and dynamic compressive properties of three soybean oil-based polymeric materials, which were made through the reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with diamine compounds, have been determined. Quasi-static properties were determined with an NITS 810 hydraulically driven testing machine, whereas dynamic experiments were conducted with a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) modified for low-impedance material testing. All three materials were capable of deforming to very large strains, with significant nonlinear stress-strain response. Their compressive behaviors were strain-rate sensitive with distinctive rate sensitivities. On the basis of the experimental results at various strain rates, a compressive one-dimensional stress-strain material model with strain-rate effects was developed to describe the experimental results for all three materials under both,quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals Inc.. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM wchen@purdue.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 5 BP 2759 EP 2770 DI 10.1002/app.22627 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 009GI UT WOS:000235099200100 ER PT J AU Byars, JA Fanta, GF Felker, FC AF Byars, JA Fanta, GF Felker, FC TI The influence of oil on the properties of slowly-cooled jet-cooked normal corn starch dispersions SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE steam jet cooking; starch-oil composite; complex formation; phase contrast microscopy; rheology ID CEREAL STARCHES; WATER INTERFACE; COOKING; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN; LIPIDS AB Previous work has shown that when aqueous dispersions of normal corn starch are jet-cooked under excess steam conditions, the properties of the final product depend on the manner in which the cooked dispersion is cooled. Phase separation of the component molecules of starch alters the final properties, and the extent of phase separation depends on the cooling conditions. Both irregular, amorphous particles and spherical or toroidal crystalline particles were observed in the cooled products. Stable starch-oil composites with a wide range of applications are formed if oil is jet cooked with starch, and the goal of this work was to examine the effect of the added oil on the rheological and structural properties of cooled dispersions. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to obtain a range of cooling profiles and stirring rates. The dynamic moduli increased with the addition of oil, and the effect was greater for mineral oil than soybean oil. Light microscopy showed that the crystalline particles were not formed in the presence of oil, but samples with oil contained different types of large and small spherical particles. The change in behavior is attributed to the selective extraction of fatty acid components of native lipid by the oil droplets, or to the preferential accumulation of amylose-lipid helical inclusion complexes at the oil droplet surface. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Polymer Res Units, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byars, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM byarsja@ncaur.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 3 PY 2006 VL 63 IS 3 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.08.009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 024AB UT WOS:000236166200003 ER PT J AU Panangala, VS Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Mitra, A Morrison, EE AF Panangala, VS Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Mitra, A Morrison, EE TI Immunofluorescent test for simultaneous detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; Flavobacterium columnare; immunofluorescent test ID FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHANNEL CATFISH; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; RESPIRATORY VIRUSES; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RAPID DETECTION; GILL DISEASE; WASTE-WATER AB Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease are 2 bacterial diseases significantly affecting the aquaculture industry, and thus rapid diagnosis of disease is imperative for making judicious management decisions. A rapid indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test with antibody conjugated fluorochromes having 2 different spectral properties (Alexa Fluor 488-emitting green fluorescence, and Alexa Fluor 594-emitting red fluorescence) was compared with bacteriological culture (accepted standard) for simultaneous detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri (EI) and Flavobacterium columnare (FC) in 3 groups of experimentally infected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque), and a fourth group that acquired an aquarium-infection with F. columnare. A total of 303 samples (derived from kidney, brain and nares) from 101 fish were concurrently examined by both tests. Fish in the 3 experimentally infected groups (I to III) were culture positive for the bacteria with which they were infected, and fish in Group IV, (the spontaneously infected fish) revealed F. columnare only. The IFA test compared favorably in sensitivity (EI = 80.7%; FC = 87.2%) and specificity (EI = 83.9%; FC = 88.9%) with the standard bacteriological culture. The positive predictive value (El = 96.2% Group I, 90.8% Group II, 93.7% Groups I and II combined; FC = 95.2% Group II, 95.3% Groups II, III and IV combined) was high, while the negative predictive value (EI = 66.7% Group II, 31.3% Group II, 59.5% Groups I and II combined; FC = 73.7% Group II, 72.7% groups II, III and IV combined) was relatively low. The IFA test will serve as an efficient tool for rapid simultaneous detection of E. ictaluri and F columnare in outbreaks of disease. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Panangala, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM vpanangala@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 2 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.3354/dao068197 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 039KD UT WOS:000237303500003 PM 16610585 ER PT J AU Mesa, NC De Moraes, GJ Ochoa, R AF Mesa, NC De Moraes, GJ Ochoa, R TI Two new species of Tenuipalpus (Acari : Tenuipalpidae) from southeastern Brazil SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Acari; flat mites; taxonomy; Actinostemon; Campomanesia AB The flat mites Tenuipalpus isabelae sp. nov. and Tenuipalpus flechtmanni sp. nov. are described based on deutonymphs and adult females collected in Brazil on Actinostemon sp. ( Euphorbiaceae) and Campomanesia sp. ( Myrtaceae), respectively. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. ARS, SEL, PSI, USDA,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mesa, NC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM gjmoraes@esalq.usp.br NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 2 PY 2006 IS 1138 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 017OL UT WOS:000235702800002 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, E. E. TI A new species of Megastigmus Dalman (Hymenoptera : Torymidae), galling seed capsules of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt (Myrtaceae) in South Africa and Australia SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Megastigmus; Eucalyptus; Syzygium; host adaptation; introduction ID NEW-ZEALAND; EULOPHIDAE AB The new species Megastigmus zebrinus Grissell is described based on specimens associated with seed capsules of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt (Myrtaceae), an endemic Australian tree. The wasp has been commonly collected in South Africa, where it was presumably introduced along with its host tree. It has apparently adapted to fruits of Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss, an endemic South African tree in the same family as Eucalyptus. Observations on the gall-forming habit of Megastigmus zebrinus are presented based on dissections of Eucalyptus seed capsules. This appears to be the first species of Megastigmus that has been positively confirmed as a gall-former based on dissection of seed capsules. C1 Natl Museum Natl Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARA USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), Natl Museum Natl Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARA USDA, CE 520,MRC168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM egrissel@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 079KE UT WOS:000240174000009 ER PT J AU Gazal, RM Scott, RL Goodrich, DC Williams, DG AF Gazal, RM Scott, RL Goodrich, DC Williams, DG TI Controls on transpiration in a semiarid riparian cottonwood forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Populus fremontii; riparian vegetation water use; riparian consumptive groundwater use; transpiration; sap flow ID WATER-USE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; POPULUS-FREMONTII; SAN-PEDRO; LEAF-AREA; DROUGHT; TREES; CAVITATION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB Cottonwood (Populus spp.) forests are conspicuous and functionally important elements of riparian vegetation throughout much of the western U.S. Understanding how transpiration by this vegetation type responds to environmental forcing is important for determining the water balance dynamics of riparian ecosystems threatened by groundwater depletion. Transpiration was measured in semiarid riparian cottonwood (Populus fremontii) stands along a perennial and an intermittent reach of the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. Sap flow was measured using thermal dissipation probes and scaled to the stand level to investigate stand water use in relation to canopy structure, depth to groundwater and climate forcing. The cottonwood stand located at the perennial stream site had higher leaf-to-sapwood area ratio (0.31 +/- 0.04 m(2) cm(-2)), leaf area index (2.75) and shallower groundwater depth (1.1-1.8m) than the stand at the intermittent stream site (0.21 +/- 0.04 m(2) cm(-2), 1.75 and 3.1-3.9 m, respectively). Moreover, total annual transpiration was higher at the perennial stream site (966 mm) than at the intermittent stream site (484 mm). The significant positive and linear correlation between transpiration and vapor pressure deficit indicated high hydraulic conductance along the root-shoot pathway of cottonwood trees at the perennial stream site. During the peak dry period prior to the summer rainy season, the trees at the intermittent stream site exhibited greater water stress as transpiration did not increase beyond its mid-morning peak with increasing vapor pressure deficit, which was likely due to leaf stomatal closure. However, this stress was alleviated after significant monsoonal rains and runoff events had recharged soil moisture and raised groundwater levels. Riparian cottonwood forests are exposed to extreme fluctuations in water availability and transpiration demand throughout the growing season, and their access to shallow groundwater sources determines their structural and physiological responses to drought. Spatial and temporal variation in depth to groundwater induces drought stress in cottonwood threatening their productivity and existence along the river systems throughout much of western U.S. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Glenville State Coll, Dept Land Resources, Glenville, WV 26351 USA. USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Gazal, RM (reprint author), Glenville State Coll, Dept Land Resources, 200 High St, Glenville, WV 26351 USA. EM rico.gazal@glenville.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 41 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.002 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046TP UT WOS:000237834300005 ER PT J AU Ma, L Hoogenboom, G Ahuja, LR Ascough, JC Saseendran, SA AF Ma, L Hoogenboom, G Ahuja, LR Ascough, JC Saseendran, SA TI Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE RZWQM; CERES; DSSAT; system modeling; agricultural management; plant growth modeling; water stress; nitrogen stress ID DSSAT CROP MODELS; SOYBEAN MODEL; WATER; FIELD; EVAPORATION; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; SYSTEM AB The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, NRRC, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 35 TC 60 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 274 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2005.02.001 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 004PE UT WOS:000234763900002 ER PT J AU Lozoya-Saldana, H Guzman-Galindo, L Fernandez-Pavia, S Grunwald, NJ McElhinny, E AF Lozoya-Saldana, H Guzman-Galindo, L Fernandez-Pavia, S Grunwald, NJ McElhinny, E TI Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. I. Host-pathogen specificity and resistance components SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE compatibility; isozymes; metalaxyl resistance; genetic resistance; host-pathogen specificity ID LATE BLIGHT; TOLUCA VALLEY; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; CLONAL LINEAGES; CENTRAL MEXICO; MATING TYPES; METALAXYL; SOLANUM AB The molecular identity of Phytophthora infestans strains infecting potatoes in the Toluca Valley has been documented. Nevertheless, the relationship of the P infestans genotypes to the host's genetic resistance is unclear. In order to identify potential host-pathogen specificity, isolates of the oomycete obtained from five potato varieties with differing levels of disease resistance were compared regarding mating type (MT), isozyme genotype for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep), and sensitivity to metalaxyl. Also, host resistance components and specificity on the host-pathogen interaction were assessed twice in detached leaves in the laboratory and once in attached leaves in the greenhouse for three of the varieties. No mating type predominated relative to host genetic resistance (frequency of A1:A2; Alpha, susceptible: 1:1.6; Rosita, resistant: 1:0.75; Nortena, resistant: 1:0.9; Monserrat, resistant: 1:2; Michoacan, resist-ant: 1:0.20). Eighteen MT-isozyme combinations were identified from 97 isolates. All of them have been previously reported. The most common multilocus genotypes (MT, Gpi, and Pep) were A1, 86/100, 100/100 (37% of the whole population) and A2, 86/100, 100/100 (14%). Both genotypes represented 66% of the P. infestans population obtained from cvs. Michoacan and Monserrat. The level of metalaxyl sensitivity was lower relative to the levels reported in previous studies. A relationship between frequency of pathogen genotypes and level of host genetic resistance was not observed. The isolate from Rosita was the most aggressive. It resulted in the largest lesion area in the laboratory and in the greenhouse,, and showed the highest sporulation in the greenhouse. The isolate from Alpha, which showed the highest sporulation in the laboratory, was second in sporulation under greenhouse conditions. Aggressiveness was higher in isolates obtained from resistant varieties and only limited host-pathogen specificity was observed in cvs. Alpha and Rosita. Suppression of lesion area and sporulation were the host resistance components identified only for the variety Nortena. C1 Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Parasitol, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. Univ Michoacana San Nicolas Hidalgo, Inst Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Tarimbaro, Michoacan, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Plant Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lozoya-Saldana, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Fitotecnia, Chapingo 56230, Mexico. EM lozoya@correo.chapingo.mx RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 025GA UT WOS:000236252100006 ER PT J AU Perez-Suarez, M Cetina-Alcala, VM Aldrete, A Fenn, ME Landois-Palencia, LL AF Perez-Suarez, M Cetina-Alcala, VM Aldrete, A Fenn, ME Landois-Palencia, LL TI Rainfall chemistry in two temperate forests in the Mexico City basin SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pollution; acid deposition; wet deposition; forest ecosystems ID ABIES-RELIGIOSA; PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION; THROUGHFALL; EXCHANGE; CANOPY AB In this study chemical changes in rainfall water were evaluated in two temperate forests: (Desierto de los Leones: DL; high atmospheric deposition) and (Zoquiapan: ZQ; low deposition) in the basin of Mexico City. During the rainy season (August-October, 2003), concentrations of the major ions of anthropogenic origin (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ and H+) in rainfall, its variability and the effect of precipitation quantity on ionic concentrations were studied. Total atmospheric deposition were collected on a weekly basis by placing rainfall collectors in forest clearings. At DL the total amount of rain collected was 758 mm and 329 mm at ZQ. Ionic concentrations in rain water were also greater at DL, with 43.3, 33.2 and 49 mu eq L-1 of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+, respectively, compared to 28.8, 16.3 y 34.6 mu eq L-1 at ZQ. A significant negative correlation (p <= 0.0001) was also found between total rain volume and ionic concentration. These findings provide evidence of the influence of atmospheric pollution from the metropolitan zone of Mexico City on forest ecosystems at DL and on water quality from these forested watersheds. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Perez-Suarez, M (reprint author), Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. EM marlin@colpos.mx; vicmac@colpos.mx; aaldrete@colpos.mx; mfenn@fs.fed.us; llandois@colpos.mx NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 025GA UT WOS:000236252100009 ER PT J AU Ares, A Reid, W Brauer, D AF Ares, A Reid, W Brauer, D TI Production and economics of native pecan silvopastures in central United States SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE agroforestry estate model; Carya illinoinensis; economic analysis; understory diversity AB Riverine silvopastoral practices with native pecan (Carya illinoinensis) are a suitable land use for areas subjected to seasonal flooding in southern and central regions of the United States. Nut, timber and forage production, and the economics of managed pecan silvopastures were examined in southeastern Kansas. During 1981-2000, annual hulled nut production varied between 50 and 1600 kg ha(-1) in stands averaging 72 years of age, and ranging in density between 35 and 74 trees ha(-1). The nut crop had a pattern of biennial bearing with some exceptions. Tree stem diameter and stand basal area increased linearly with time. Nut production was not related to stand age or tree density, however, suggesting that nut production had reached a steady state level. Merchantable timber yield ranged between 0.25 and 1.35 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1). In pecan silvopastures with a mean tree age of 37 years, forage production varied between 1500 and 4600 kg DM ha(-1) in 2001 and 2002. In 2001 only, grass production decreased with decreasing solar radiation within the range of 0.25-0.83 of fraction light transmitted. In both years, the grass understory had acceptable quality for cow-calf production with average crude protein content between 9 and 11.8%, and no evidence of excessive levels of ergoalkaloids from tall fescue. Twenty-seven vascular plants were identified in the understory of which nut sedge (Cyperus esculentus), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), wild oat (Avena fatua) and Canadian wild rye (Elymus canadensis) were the most abundant. Economic simulations obtained with the U.S. Agroforestry Estate Model indicated that pecan nut price is the main variable driving economic outputs under current production conditions. Annual cash flows from nut sales had smaller fluctuations than nut yields because of an inverse relation between nut price and yield. Improved timber production appears an option for increasing profitability of pecan silvopastures. C1 Kansas State Univ, Pecan Expt Field, Chetopa, KS 67336 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), 2370 Pacific Blvd SE, Albany, OR 97322 USA. EM adrian.ares@weyerhaeuser.com NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s10457-005-8302-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 017ON UT WOS:000235703000003 ER PT J AU Labreveux, M Sanderson, MA Hall, MH AF Labreveux, M Sanderson, MA Hall, MH TI Forage chicory and plantain: Nutritive value of herbage at variable grazing frequencies and intensities SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRASSLANDS PUNA CHICORY; DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT LEVELS; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; ENGLISH PLANTAIN; PRODUCTIVITY; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Cultivars of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) grown in the northeastern USA have acceptable seasonal productivity; however, their reproductive habit could limit herbage nutritive value. The nutritive value of chicory and plantain cultivars was compared and examined under the effect of variable frequency and intensity of grazing. The cultivars were compared with 'Pennlate' orcharolgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), a productive grass during the summer, in two grazing experiments in 3 yr. Pre-grazing herbage samples were analyzed and compared for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTD). In both experiments, the average CP of entries was 180 to 200 g kg(-1), similar to orcharolgrass. The NDF of forbs, which ranged from 300 to 400 g kg(-1), was 200 g kg(-1) lower than orcharolgrass. The IVTD of chicory cultivars averaged 850 to 950 g kg(-1). In Exp. 1, 'Forage Feast' and 'Puna' chicory had the greatest IVTD (5% greater than orcharolgrass: average 911 vs. 867 g kg(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). Lancelot plantain had the lowest IVTD in both experiments. Grazing management (frequency of grazing) affected nutritive value in Exp. 1 but not in Exp. 2. Although herbage composition in Exp. 2 varied, continuous reproductive development did not affect nutritive value. Managing Puna chicory and Lancelot plantain using a canopy-height based grazing system to maximize yield and persistence does not compromise nutritive value. Puna chicory could be a good complement to Pennlate orcharolgrass in grass-based feeding systems. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dep Agr & Nat Res, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Manage Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Labreveux, M (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dep Agr & Nat Res, 1200 N Dupont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM mlabreveux@desu.edu NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.2134/agronj2005-0012 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400001 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Soder, KJ Brzezinski, N Taube, F Klement, K Muller, LD Wachendorf, M AF Sanderson, MA Soder, KJ Brzezinski, N Taube, F Klement, K Muller, LD Wachendorf, M TI Sward structure of simple and complex mixtures of temperate forages SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HERBAGE INTAKE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CATTLE; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DIMENSIONS; GRASSLAND; PASTURES; SHEEP AB Sward composition and structure influence herbage intake of grazing animals. We conducted a grazing study to examine how forage mixture complexity affected sward structure. Replicated 1-ha pastures (Hagerstown silt loam soil: fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic, Typic Hapludalf) were planted to either orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or a nine-species mixture [orchardgrass, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus comiculatus L.), white clover, alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)]. Pastures were stocked rotationally with lactating dairy cows (Bos taurus). Herbage mass, sward height, vertical structure, and nutritive value were measured pre- and postgrazing during four periods in each of 2002 and 2003. Pregrazing sward height was similar between the mixtures. Pregrazing herbage mass and sward bulk density were 30% less in the two-species mixture than the nine-species mixture in 2002 but similar in 2003. The nine-species mixture had more herbage dry matter in the upper sward layers than the two-species mixture. Bulk density of herbage dry matter increased and nutritive value decreased from the top to the bottom of both swards. Cattle grazed deeper into the two-species sward (18 cm) than the nine-species mixture (11 cm) in 2003; however, individual botanical components in the upper 25 cm of the canopy were removed similarly between treatments. We conclude that sward structure did not alter the pattern of herbage removal during grazing of simple or complex swards. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mas44@psu.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.2134/agronj.2005.0172 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400002 ER PT J AU Seo, JH Meisinger, IJ Lee, HJ AF Seo, JH Meisinger, IJ Lee, HJ TI Recovery of nitrogen-15-labeled hairy vetch and fertilizer applied to corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; N-15-LABELED GREEN MANURES; ANNUAL COVER CROPS; NITROGEN RECOVERY; FIELD CONDITIONS; KILL DATE; N-15-DEPLETED FERTILIZER; LEGUME RESIDUES; IRRIGATED CORN; N-15 RECOVERY AB Knowledge of the plant and soil recovery of nitrogen (N) from legume cover-crop residues and fertilizer is needed to improve Corn N use efficiency. Nitrogen-15 labeled ammonium sulfate (AS) or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) residues were applied at planting or AS at the six-leaf stage (sidedressing) to silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown in 38-cm-diameter by 60-cm-deep microplots containing a Jungdong loam (coarse loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Udifluvents) in Suwon, Korea. The recovery of the labeled N sources was followed over 2 yr into the corn grain, stover, and the 0- to 15-cm depth of soil. Recovery of labeled N in the first-year corn was 32% of the planting-applied AS, 15% of planting-applied hairy vetch (HV) residues, and 46% of the sidedress AS. Conversely, the post-harvest soil contained more labeled N from the HV residues (38%) compared with planting AS (15%) or sidedress AS (14%). Total first-year recoveries of N-15 in crop pills soil after harvest were 47% for planting AS, 54% for HV residues, and 60% for sidedress AS, which are consistent for high summer rainfall (850 mm) climates. The second-year corn showed low availability of residual N-15, although HV residues supplied about twice as much N (3.5%) as AS (1.5%). These results are consistent with other studies and show that AS is about twice as effective as legume residues in supplying N to a crop, whereas legume residues contribute about twice as much N to the soil. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Crop Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441857, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151911, South Korea. RP Meisinger, IJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jmeising@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0013 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400003 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Casler, MD Kohler, KA AF Singer, JW Casler, MD Kohler, KA TI Wheat effect on frost-seeded red clover cultivar establishment and yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT CROP ROTATIONS; NEW-YORK; CORN; ECONOMICS AB Frost-seeding red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) into winter cereals is a cost effective establishment method. Abiotic effects on seedling establishment have been reported, but information on cultivar differences is lacking. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the establishment, persistence,. and forage dry matter (DM) production of 15 red clover cultivars of diverse origin. Cultivars were frost-seeded near Ames, IA in March of 2003 and 2004 and Prairie do Sac, WI in 2004. Presence of the wheat crop caused 19 and 23% mortality in 2003 and 2004 compared with the no-wheat treatment in Iowa and 51% mortality in 2004 in Wisconsin. Dry matter yield of diploid cultivars exceeded tetraploids in all environments (439 vs. 559 g m(-2)). Favorable conditions for germination and emergence in 2003 resulted in high plant densities and no relationship between post-wheat red clover density and DM yield. In 2004, unfavorable environmental conditions reduced plant densities, creating a relationship between red clover density (x) and DM yield (y) (y = 305 + 8.86x, R-2 = 0.65 in Iowa; y = 382 + 3.83x, R-2 = 0.22 in Wisconsin). The southern cultivar Cherokee generally had greater performance than the average northern cultivar. Differences across years and locations were inconsistent for elite and land races. Within different origins and selection histories, large variability exists in cultivar performance. More data are needed to determine if the cultivar-by-wheat interaction is important for screening cultivars for dual grain/forage systems. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0037 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400005 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP AF Belesky, DP TI Regrowth interval influences productivity, botanical composition, and nutritive value of old world bluestem and perennial ryegrass swards SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WARM-SEASON GRASSES; TALL FESCUE; COOL-SEASON; GROWTH-RATE; APPALACHIAN PLATEAU; CAUCASIAN BLUESTEM; FORAGE CHICORY; PRAIRIE GRASS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Botanical composition of pasture in much of the Appalachian Region varies as weather patterns interacting with abiotic and biotic factors create conditions allowing a range of plant species to occupy temporal and spatial gaps in the stand. Field-grown old world bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.] or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were defoliated at fixed time intervals (1-, 2-, or 4-wk for old world bluestem and 2-, 4-, or 6-wk intervals for perennial ryegrass). Herbage mass, sward botanical composition, and estimates of nutritive value were determined. White clover (Trifolium repens L.), black medic (Medicago lupulina L), and various common forbs and grasses volunteered in all stands. Old world bluestem yields ranged from 3.38 Mg ha(-1) (1-wk regrowth interval in 2002) to 9.42 Mg ha(-1) (4-wk regrowth interval in 2000). Perennial ryegrass yield increased with increasing regrowth interval in 2002, ranging from 3.16 to 7.29 Mg ha(-1). The longest regrowth interval did not necessarily lead to the greatest productivity. Old world bluestem swards clipped at 4-wk intervals decreased 60% by the third growing season, whereas perennial ryegrass swards clipped at 6-wk intervals increased by 37%. The proportion of encroaching species increased substantially in perennial ryegrass but not old world bluestem swards by 2002, suggesting that combined effects of repeated defoliation and weather influenced sward composition and productivity. Choice of plant resource, tinting and intensity of defoliation, and very likely nutrient inputs coinciding with requirements of sown species could influence sward composition and help manage diversity to sustain productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.2134/agronj2005-0100 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400006 ER PT J AU Heckman, JR Jokela, W Morris, T Beegle, DB Sims, IT Coale, FI Herbert, S Griffin, T Hoskins, B Jemison, I Sullivan, WM Bhumbla, D Estes, G Reid, WS AF Heckman, JR Jokela, W Morris, T Beegle, DB Sims, IT Coale, FI Herbert, S Griffin, T Hoskins, B Jemison, I Sullivan, WM Bhumbla, D Estes, G Reid, WS TI Soil test calibration for predicting corn response to phosphorus in the northeast USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM PLACEMENT; NO-TILL; YIELD AB The consensus or soil Fertility specialists working in the northeast USA was that soil testing and recommendation systems for P needed to be reexamined because of recent changes in soil testing methodology in the laboratory and corn (Zea mays L.) production technology in the field. Soil tests (M-COL, MM-COL, B-ICP, MI-ICP, and M3-ICP) were performed by either colorimetry or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy on samples from soil test calibration studies conducted during 1998 to 1999 at 51 experimental sites chosen to represent a range of soils, including Ultisols, Spodosols, and Alfisols, in northeastern states (Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia). The mean P measured by M-COL, MM-COL, B-ICP, MI-ICP, and M3-ICP was 8.3, 6.6, 148, 66, and 121 mg P kg(-1), respectively. Production practices followed local state extension recommendations at each site and included P fertilizer treatments: none, 15 kg P ha(-1) banded, or 60 kg P ha(-1) broadcast. Combined analysis of variance over sites showed that plant height at 35 d after planting, silk emergence, grain yield, and grain dry down were enhanced by the broadcast P treatment. There were yield increases (P < 0.10) to the band treatment at only four sites and to the broadcast treatment at nine sites. Cate-Nelson statistical analysis of relative yield in relation to soil test P failed to identify soil test P critical levels for any of the soil test methods. The percentage of experimental sites that had soil test P levels below the currently used critical levels in the region ranged from 14 to 65% of the sites. Results showed that 17 to 47% of those sites testing below the critical level exhibited a yield increase (P < 0.10) to broadcast P. Some of the yield responsive sites had soil test P above currently used critical levels. The calibration data obtained from the present study and the relationships examined between soil test P and relative yield do not necessarily validate the currently used soil test P critical levels nor does the data enable much refinement. This study shows that the current critical levels frequently permit both types of errors in soil test prediction; indicating a need for P fertilization when it may not be needed and not indicating a need for P fertilization when it may be needed. The second type of error is usually avoided by recommendations for crop removal rates of P. C1 Rutgers State Univ Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Plant Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Delaware, Agr & Nat Resources Dep, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Maryland, Dep Nat Rescource Sci & Landscape Architecutre, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Maine, USDA ARS, NEPSWL, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04473 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, CELS, PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Heckman, JR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM heckman@aesop.rutgers.edu NR 28 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.2134/agronj2005-0122 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400007 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Sanderson, MA Tracy, BF Dell, CJ AF Skinner, RH Sanderson, MA Tracy, BF Dell, CJ TI Above- and belowground productivity and soil carbon dynamics of pasture mixtures SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; EXCHANGE; INVASION; COMMUNITIES; RESISTANCE; VEGETATION; BIOMASS AB Increasing plant species diversity could enhance forage yield, resistance to weed invasion, and soil C accumulation in grazed pastures. Three forage mixtures (2,3, or 11 species) were established on a farm in eastern Pennsylvania and grazed by dairy heifers or managed under a three-cut hay system from 1999 to 2002. Net canopy photosynthesis was measured from early April to early October 2000 to 2002. Root distribution to a depth of 60 cm was measured in mid-September each year, and soil C and N concentrations to a 15-cm depth were determined in May 1999 and September 2002. The 11-species mixture yielded 43% more forage dry matter than the two-species mixture. This difference was mainly due to the inclusion of a few highly productive forage species in the 11-species mixture. Canopy photosynthesis did not differ among mixtures in the spring, but in the summer was 50% greater in the 3- and 11-species mixtures than the two-species mixture. The 11-species mixture also had 30 to 62% greater root biomass than the other two mixtures and a greater proportion of roots in deeper soil layers. Soil C either remained unchanged or decreased, depending on species composition, with the greatest decrease occurring in the 11-species mixture. No relationship existed between changes in soil C concentration and either canopy photosynthesis or above- and below-ground productivity. Deeper rooting could reduce drought stress by increasing access to deep soil moisture. Selecting forage mixtures to include specific desirable traits, such as greater rooting depth, could result in improved pasture performance. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 57 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0180a PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400011 ER PT J AU Wall, GW Garcia, RL Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Long, SP Osborne, CP Hendrix, DL Wechsung, F Wechsung, G Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Idso, SB AF Wall, GW Garcia, RL Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Long, SP Osborne, CP Hendrix, DL Wechsung, F Wechsung, G Leavitt, SW LaMorte, RL Idso, SB TI Interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SPRING-WHEAT; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WINTER-WHEAT; THERMOCOUPLE PSYCHROMETER; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; SUBHUMID ENVIRONMENT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration (C-a) continues to rise. An imperative exists, therefore, to elucidate the interactive effects of elevated C-a and drought on plant water relations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A spring wheat (cv. Yecora Rojo) crop was exposed to ambient (Control: 370 mu mol mol(-1)) and free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE: ambient + 180 mu mol mol(-1)) under ample (Wet), and reduced (Dry), water supplies (100 and 541% replacement of evapotranspiration, respectively) over a 2-yr study. Our objective was to characterize and quantify the responses of 26 edaphic, gas exchange, water relations, carbohydrate pool dynamics, growth, and development parameters to rising C-a and drought. Increasing C-a minimized the deleterious effects of soil-water depiction by increasing drought avoidance (i.e., lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and growth and development of a more robust root system) and drought tolerance (i.e., enhanced osmoregulation and adaptation of tissue) mechanisms, resulting in a 30% reduction in water stress-induced midafternoon depressions in net assimilation rate. An elevated C-a-based increase in daily and seasonal carbon gain resulted in a positive feedback between source capacity (shoots) and sink demand (roots). Devoid of a concomitant rise in global temperature resulting from the rise in C-a, improved water relations for a herbaceous, cool-season, annual, C-3 cereal monocot grass (i.e., wheat) are anticipated in a future high-CO2 world. These findings are applicable to other graminaceous species of a similar function-type as wheat common to temperate zone grassland prairies and savannas, especially tinder dryland conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. LICOR, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci & Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Dept Soil Sci, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wall, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM gwall@uswcl.ars.ag.gov RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; NR 103 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 354 EP 381 DI 10.2134/agronj2004.0089 PG 28 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400015 ER PT J AU Newman, YC Sollenberger, LE Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JM Littell, RC AF Newman, YC Sollenberger, LE Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JM Littell, RC TI Nitrogen fertilization affects bahiagrass responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-RESPONSE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATURE; NUTRITION; PASTURE; GRASSES; FORAGES; MATTER; PLANTS; YIELD AB Increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature typically lead to greater DM (dry matter) production of grassland plants; however, limited plant N may reduce this response. A 2-yr study (1998-1999) was conducted to evaluate the effects and interactions among atmospheric CO2, temperature, and N fertilization rate on yield and nutritive value of 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Bahiagrass was field grown in Millhopper fine sand (loamy, siliceous Grossarenic Paleudult) under greenhouses with controlled atmospheric CO2 and temperature. Atmospheric CO2 levels were 360 and 700 mu mol mol(-1), and temperatures were B (baseline, corresponding to ambient in the greenhouse), B + 1.5 degrees C, B + 3.0 degrees C, and B + 4.5 degrees C. Bahiagrass was fertilized at 80 kg N ha(-1) (BG-80) or 320 kg N ha(-1) (BG-320). Dry matter yield for BG-80 remained the same regardless of CO2 level (7.5 and 6.3 Mg ha(-1) in Years I and 2), but BG-320 DM yield increased with increasing CO2 concentration in three of four harvests in Year 1 and from 14.8 to 17.3 Mg ha(-1) in Year 2. Total N harvested response followed a similar trend as DM yield. Increasing temperature from B to B + 4.5 degrees C had a positive effect on DM yield of BG-80 (23%) and a lesser positive effect on BG-320 (9% increase). Bahiagrass nutritive value increased due to greater N fertilization, but elevated CO2 concentration and temperature had no effect. Nitrogen fertilization affected bahiagrass DM yield response to CO2, but not the nutritive value response to elevated atmospheric CO2 or temperature. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sollenberger, LE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM les@ifas.ufl.edu OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0188 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 023UT UT WOS:000236152400016 ER PT J AU Love, SL Novy, RG Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Brown, CR James, SR Hane, DC AF Love, SL Novy, RG Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Brown, CR James, SR Hane, DC TI Western Russet: A new potato variety with excellent fresh market and frozen-fried processing quality and field resistance to common scab and PVYo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety release; cultivar; disease resistance; breeding ID GERMPLASM AB Western Russet, designated experimentally as A7961-1, and resulting from the cross A68113-4 x Bel-Rus, was released in 2004 by the USDA/ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The foliage of Western Russet is spreading, with medium-sized olive-green leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are tan, with medium russet skin, oblong shape, a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and distinctly visible pith. Western Russet was compared with Russet Burbank in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. In general, Western Russet produced lower total yields than Russet Burbank, but on average and depending on location, similar U.S. No. 1 yields. When observed for defect problems, Western Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, shatter bruise, stem-end discoloration, and heat necrosis, moderate resistance to hollow heart, and moderate susceptibility to blackspot bruise. In product quality tests, Western Russet was rated similar to Russet Burbank for french fry and dehydrated potato flake quality and slightly inferior for baked potato quality. In replicated evaluations, Western Russet was found to have good field resistance to common scab and PVYO, and moderate resistance to verticillium wilt and tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, foliar PLRV, dry rot, soft rot, and tuber early blight. Biochemical analysis of Western Russet tubers showed markedly higher vitamin C content than those of Russet Burbank. Tuber glycoalkaloid concentration in tubers produced in a 1988 trial was 1.0 ing 100 g(-1). C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. LAREC, USDA, ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM slove@uidaho.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 039XT UT WOS:000237342500003 ER PT J AU Love, SL Novy, RG Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Brown, CR James, SR Hane, DG Miller, JC AF Love, SL Novy, RG Whitworth, J Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Brown, CR James, SR Hane, DG Miller, JC TI GemStar Russet: A potato variety with high yield, good culinary quality, excellent fresh market appearance, and resistance to common scab SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety release; cultivar; disease resistance; breeding ID PROCESSING QUALITY; WIDE ADAPTATION; GERMPLASM; CLONES AB GemStar Russet, derived from the cross Gem Russet x A8341-5, was released in 2004 by the USDA/ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The foliage of GemStar Russet is dark yellowish-green, spreading, with large leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are brown, medium to heavily russeted, oblong, with a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and indistinct pith. GemStar Russet was compared with Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. Except for locations in southern Idaho, in general, GemStar Russet produced slightly lower total yield than Russet Burbank, but much higher U.S. No. 1 yield. When compared with Russet Norkotah, GemStar Russet produced similar total and U.S. No. I yields in early harvest trials but higher total and U.S. No. I yields in late-harvest trials. When observed for defect problems, GemStar Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, and stemend discoloration, moderate resistance to blackspot and shatter bruising, but a high level of susceptibility to hollow heart. In product quality tests, GemStar Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and comparable for baked potato quality. GemStar Russet was found to be immune to PVX, resistant to common scab and powdery scab, moderately resistant to Verticilium wilt, tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV, and corky ringspot. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, PLRV, dry rot, soft rot, and ringrot and extreme susceptibility to PVYO. Biochemical analysis of GemStar Russet tubers showed them to be higher in protein and much higher in vitamin C than those of Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotab. Three-year average for tuber glycoalkaloid concentration was 1.5 mg 100 g(-1). C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA, ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, LAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM slove@uidaho.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 039XT UT WOS:000237342500004 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, RC Donovan, GA AF Melendez, P Goff, JP Risco, CA Archbald, LF Littell, RC Donovan, GA TI Effect of administration of a control led-release monensin capsule on incidence of calving-related disorders, fertility, and milk yield in dairy cows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATION-ANION DIFFERENCE; BODY CONDITION SCORES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS; HOLSTEIN COWS; SODIUM MONENSIN; HEIFERS; CATTLE; LACTATION; METABOLISM AB Objective-To determine the effect of a controlled-release monensin capsule administered at cessation of lactation on incidence of calving-related disorders, fertility, and milk yield in dairy cows. Animals-290 dairy cows treated with monensin and 290 untreated control cows. Procedure-Treated cows received a capsule that released monensin at 335 mg/d for 95 days. Incidence of calving-related disorders; daily milk yield up to 20 days postpartum; test-day milk yield, fat, protein, and mature-equivalent 305-day milk production; and body condition score at calving were determined. Reproductive variables were conception rate at first service, pregnancy rate, and calving-to-conception interval. Results-Cows treated with monensin were 2.1 times as likely to develop dystocia and 0.8 times as likely to develop metritis as control cows. For milk yield, there was an interaction of treatment X time X parity. In multiparous cows, monensin significantly improved milk yield at test days 4 and 7 In addition, monensin increased body condition score at calving. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Despite increasing the likelihood of developing dystocia and metritis, administration of monensin improved the lactational performance of multiparous cows and may be a promising additive for use at the time of cessation of lactation. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Donovan, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 67 IS 3 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.2460/ajvr.67.3.537 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 022QC UT WOS:000236069700027 PM 16506923 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL AF Luthria, Devanand L. TI Influence of sample preparation on the assay of phytochemicals SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARCE, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 161,Room 202 B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 SU N BP 12 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 114UN UT WOS:000242691200002 ER PT J AU Hall, MB Weimer, P AF Hall, MB Weimer, P TI Ruminating on films SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hall, MB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 94 IS 2 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012ZZ UT WOS:000235380700002 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Patterson, KY Rasor, AS Exler, J Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Pehrsson, PR AF Phillips, KM Patterson, KY Rasor, AS Exler, J Haytowitz, DB Holden, JM Pehrsson, PR TI Quality-control materials in the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quality control (QC); reference materials; food analysis; food composition ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXTRACTION; DIET; TRIAL; FAT AB The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) develops and maintains the USDA National Nutrient Databank System (NDBS). Data are released from the NDBS for scientific and public use through the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) (http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl). In 1997 the NDL initiated the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to update and expand its food-composition data. The program included: 1) nationwide probability-based sampling of foods; 2) central processing and archiving of food samples; 3) analysis of food components at commercial, government, and university laboratories; 4) incorporation of new analytical data into the NDBS; and 5) dissemination of these data to the scientific community. A key feature and strength of the NFNAP was a rigorous quality-control program that enabled independent verification of the accuracy and precision of analytical results. Custom-made food-control composites and/or commercially available certified reference materials were sent to the laboratories, blinded, with the samples. Data for these materials were essential to ongoing monitoring of analytical work, to identify and resolve suspected analytical problems, to ensure the accuracy and precision of results for the NFNAP food samples. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Biochem Dept 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Biochem Dept 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 384 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1355 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-0294-0 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 022CF UT WOS:000236031600012 PM 16501956 ER PT J AU Carnegie, AJ Matsuki, M Haugen, DA Hurley, BP Ahumada, R Klasmer, P Sun, JH Iede, ET AF Carnegie, AJ Matsuki, M Haugen, DA Hurley, BP Ahumada, R Klasmer, P Sun, JH Iede, ET TI Predicting the potential distribution of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera : Siricidae), a significant exotic pest of Pinus plantations SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sirex wood wasp; climate matching; CLIMEX; invasion; risk assessment; biosecurity; species' distribution range ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; F HYMENOPTERA; AUSTRALIA; APHIDIDAE; WOODWASP; ESTABLISHMENT; HEMIPTERA; BIONOMICS; ECOLOGY; AFRICA AB The potential distribution of sirex wood wasp (Sirex noctilio) in Australia, South America and Africa (where the insect is known to occur and is spreading) and North America and China (where sirex has not established) was assessed from a study of the insect's current distribution and host range. Sirex noctilio has a wide host range, mainly in Pinus, including many important commercial species planted as exotics in the Southern Hemisphere as well as native stands in North America. Using the climate-matching program CLIMEX the potential distribution range of S. noctilio was predicted across the globe based on climatic conditions in Eurasia and northern Africa, where the insect is endemic. Sirex noctilio is predicted to establish in the majority of commercial Pinus plantations in Australia. Many countries with commercial Pinus plantations in South America (Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Paraguay) as well as South Africa are predicted to be colonised by S. noctilio by natural migration. Countries that are a long distance from S. noctilio-infested areas, such as Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and plantations in southern Chile, western Australia and north-western Brazil, are only likely to be colonised by S. noctilio via human-assisted transport of infested wood. Sirex noctilio was predicted to be able to persist in many areas in North America. In China, S. noctilio is predicted to be able to persist in many areas where large-scale afforestation of susceptible hosts has occurred and is planned. However, S. noctilio is endemic in neighbouring countries of China, indicating that something other than climate and host is restricting S. noctilio establishing in China, or that it has not been detected yet. The Sirex Management Strategy will help reduce the spread and impact of S. noctilio. C1 Forest Prod Res, Dept Primary Ind, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. Agr WA, Western Australian Blue Gum Ind Pest Management G, Albany, WA 6330, Australia. Agr WA, Cooperat Res Ctr Sustainable Forest Landscapes, Albany, WA 6330, Australia. USDA, Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55109 USA. Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Bioforest SA, Concepcion, Chile. INTA, EEA Bariloche, RA-8430 El Bolson, Argentina. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 1000080, Peoples R China. EMBRAPA, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil. RP Carnegie, AJ (reprint author), Forest Prod Res, Dept Primary Ind, POB 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. EM angusc@sf.nsw.gov.au RI Hurley, Brett/A-2168-2009; Carnegie, Angus/H-6153-2015 OI Hurley, Brett/0000-0002-8702-5547; Carnegie, Angus/0000-0002-6854-4974 NR 64 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 29 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1051/forest:2005104 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 021RQ UT WOS:000236003000002 ER PT J AU Bentz, BJ Six, DL AF Bentz, BJ Six, DL TI Ergosterol content of fungi associated with Dendroctonus ponderosae and Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae, Scolytinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; symbiosis; mycangial fungi; mycophagy ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; XYLEBORUS-FERRUGINEUS; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; BARK BEETLES; STEROLS; SYMBIOSIS; REPRODUCTION; METABOLISM; INSECTS; SPRUCE AB Insects require sterols for normal growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction, yet they are unable to synthesize these organic compounds and are therefore dependent upon a dietary source. For phloephagous species, such as Dendroctonus bark beetles, whose food does not necessarily contain appropriate types or adequate quantities of sterols, fungal symbionts may provide an alternative source in the form of ergosterol. We determined and compared the relative amounts of ergosterol in the primary fungal associates of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins and Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby. Ergosterol content of host tree phloem naturally infested with larvae (and their fungal symbionts) of both species also was compared with ergosterol contents in uninfested phloem tissue. Mycelia of Ophiostoma montium (Rumfold) von Arx and Ophiostoma clavigerum (Robinson-Jeffrey & Davidson) Harrington isolated from D. ponderosae mycangia, and Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield isolated from the exoskeleton of D. ruifpennis contained relatively large quantities of ergosterol, although no significant differences in content were found among these fungal species. Phloem colonized by larvae of both species contained significantly more ergosterol than did uninfested host phloem tissue. Our results suggest that larval life stages of D. ponderosae and D. rufipennis may obtain vital nutrients not only from the host tree phloem but also from fungal symbionts, in the form of ergosterol, while mining larval galleries. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Bentz, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bbentz@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0189:ECOFAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021DL UT WOS:000235963700001 ER PT J AU Havill, NP Montgomery, ME Yu, GY Shiyake, S Caccone, A AF Havill, NP Montgomery, ME Yu, GY Shiyake, S Caccone, A TI Mitochondrial DNA from hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera : Adelgidae) suggests cryptic speciation and pinpoints the source of the introduction to eastern North America SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE invasive pest; molecular systematics; Tsuga ID GENE GENEALOGIES; CONTROL AGENT; HOMOPTERA; APHID; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; MODELS AB The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an introduced pest of unknown origin that is causing severe mortality to hemlocks (Tsuga spp.) in eastern North America. Adelgids also occur on other Tsuga species in western North America and East Asia, but these trees are not significantly damaged. The purpose of this study is to use molecular methods to clarify the relationship among hemlock adelgids worldwide and thereby determine the geographic origin of the introduction to eastern North America. Adelgids were collected from multiple locations in eastern and western North America, mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan, and 1521 bp of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced for each sample. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the source of A. tsugae in eastern North America was likely a population of adelgids in southern Japan. A single haplotype was shared among all samples collected in eastern North America and samples collected in the natural range of T sieboldii in southern Honshu, Japan. A separate adelgid mitochondrial lineage was found at higher elevations in the natural range of T diversifolia. Adelgids from mainland China and Taiwan represent a lineage that is clearly diverged from insects in North America and Japan. In contrast to eastern North America, there is no conclusive evidence for a recent introduction of A. tsugae into western North America, where multiple haplotypes are found. implications for hemlock woolly adelgid control, taxonomy, and plant-insect coevolution are discussed. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. Osaka Museum Nat Hist, Entomol Lab, Osaka 5460034, Japan. Yale Univ, Yale Inst Biospher Studies, Mol Systemat & Conservat Genet Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Havill, NP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 50 TC 117 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0195:MDFHWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021DL UT WOS:000235963700002 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Joshi, RC AF Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Joshi, RC TI DNA barcoding applied to invasive leafminers (Diptera : Agromyzidae) in the Philippines SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DNA taxonomy; DNA barcodes; Liriomyza; Agromyzidae ID LIRIOMYZA-HUIDOBRENSIS DIPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE-SEQUENCES; IDENTIFYING SPIDERS; SATIVAE DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; VEGETABLES; PARASITOIDS; SPECIATION; INDONESIA AB DNA barcoding involves the sequencing of a single gene region from all species to provide a means for identifying all of life. Although appealing to many scientists, this idea has caused considerable controversy among systematists. We applied a DNA barcoding approach to outbreak populations of invasive Liriomyza spp. leafminer pests in the Philippines to explore the use of barcoding in a relatively well studied, economically important group. We sequenced a 527-bp portion of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 258 leafminers from 26 plant host species in the Philippines. Neighbor-joining and parsimony analysis were used to compare COI sequences from the Philippines to an extensive database of COI sequences previously obtained from samples of the invasive leafminers Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), and Liriomyza sativae Blanchard from locations around the world. We conclude that although a DNA barcoding approach can provide rapid species identifications, in certain instances it is likely to either overestimate or underestimate the number of species present. Only when placed within the context of considerable other data can DNA barcoding be fully interpreted and used. For economically and medically important species, which can be well studied, DNA barcoding offers a powerful means for rapid identifications. C1 ARS, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dept Agr Philippine Rice Res Inst, Crop Protect Div, Munoz 3119, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), ARS, PSI, USDA, Bldg 005,Rm 137,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0204:DBATIL]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021DL UT WOS:000235963700003 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Legaspi, JC AF Shapiro, JP Legaspi, JC TI Assessing biochemical fitness of predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) in relation to food quality: Effects of five species of prey SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE predation; food quality; reproduction; ELISA; nutrition ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; GENERALIST PREDATOR; EGG LOAD; ALTERNATIVE FOODS; BODY-WEIGHTS; DIET; RESERVES; ANTHOCORIDAE; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB Preferences of female predators for various species of prey may not correlate with nutritional value of the prey, notably with regard to resulting rates of reproduction in the female predator. This study assessed the biochemical status of adult female Podisus maculiventris (Say) as affected by prey species. Colony-reared females were fed one of five species of natural or factitious prey: beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.); or yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (L.). Fresh weights and contents of lipid, protein, and yolk protein were compared over periods of 7,15, and 22 d. Fresh weights and protein showed no significant differences by trial length or by prey species. Total lipid content was the most significant parameter in relation to time and species of prey, ranging from 5.3 to 15.5% of mean fresh weight. Female P. maculiventris varied significantly in total lipid content by prey species at 1.5 and 22 d, and by week only when fed fall armyworm. Highest lipid contents were observed in females fed yellow mealworm, and lowest lipid contents were observed in females fed cabbage looper and beet armyworm. Yolk protein content did not correlate with cumulative oviposition, but it did vary with time in those females fed on the beet armyworm or the wax moth. Lipid content in female predators may vary inversely with reproductive potential or egg load and offers a quantitative measure of food quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0321:ABFOPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 021DL UT WOS:000235963700014 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ AF Liu, Siqing TI A simple method to generate chromosomal mutations in Lactobacillus plantarum strain TF103 to eliminate undesired fermentation products SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactic acid bacteria; als and lysP mutant; ethanol; acetoin; 2,3-butanodial; acetolactate synthase AB Gram-positive bacteria have been explored to convert lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel and bioproducts. Our long-term goal is to create genetically engineered lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that convert agricultural biomass into ethanol and other value-added products. The immediate approaches toward this goal involve genetic manipulations by either introducing ethanol production pathway genes or inactivating pathways genes that lead to production of undesired byproducts. The widely studied species Lactobacillus plantarum is now considered a model for genetic manipulations of LAB. In this study, L. plantarum TF103 strain, in which two of the chromosomal L-ldh and D-ldh genes are inactivated, was used to introduce additional mutations on the chromosome to eliminate undesired fermentation products. We targeted the acetolactate synthase gene (als) that converts pyruvate to acetolactate, to eliminate the production of acetoin and 2,3-butanodial. A pBluescript derivative containing sections of the als coding region and an erythromycin resistance gene was directly introduced into L. plantarum TF103 cells to create mutations under selection pressure. The resulting erythromycin resistant (Em(r)) TF103 strain appears to have chromosomal mutations of both the als and the adjacent lysP genes as revealed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. Mutations were thus generated via targeted homologous recombination using a Gram-negative cloning vector, eliminating the use of a shuttle vector. This method should facilitate research in targeted inactivation of other genes in LAB. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lius@ncaur.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 854 EP 863 DI 10.1385/ABAB:131:1:854 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V44LU UT WOS:000203005000019 PM 18563659 ER PT J AU Borole, AP Klasson, KT Ridenour, W Holland, J Karim, K Al-Dahhan, MH AF Borole, Abhijeet P. Klasson, K. Thomas Ridenour, Whitney Holland, Justin Karim, Khursheed Al-Dahhan, Muthanna H. TI Methane production in a 100-L upflow bioreactor by anaerobic digestion of farm waste SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic digestion; animal manure; gas recirculation; mixing; biogas AB Manure waste from dairy farms has been used for methane production for decades, however, problems such as digester failure are routine. The problem has been investigated in small scale (1-2 L) digesters in the laboratory; however, very little scale-up to intermediate scales are available. We report production of methane in a 100-L digester and the results of an investigation into the effect of partial mixing induced by gas upflow/recirculation in the digester. The digester was operated for a period of about 70 d (with 16-d hydraulic retention time) with and without the mixing induced by gas recirculation through an internal draft tube. The results show a clear effect of mixing on digester operation. Without any mixing, the digester performance deteriorated within 30-50 d, whereas with mixing continuous production of methane was observed. This study demonstrates the importance of mixing and its critical role in design of large scale anaerobic digesters. C1 [Klasson, K. Thomas] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Borole, Abhijeet P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ridenour, Whitney; Holland, Justin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Karim, Khursheed; Al-Dahhan, Muthanna H.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, CREL, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM tklasson@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1385/ABAB:131:1:887 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V44LU UT WOS:000203005000024 PM 18563663 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Morrison, WH Rigsby, LL Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS Hicks, KB AF Akin, Danny E. Morrison, W. Herbert, III Rigsby, Luanne L. Barton, Franklin E., II Himmelsbach, David S. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Corn stover fractions and bioenergy SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; lignin; phenolic acids; esterase; cellulase ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; RUMINAL BACTERIA; DIGESTIBILITY; PRETREATMENT; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ACID; LIGNIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; COUMAROYL AB Information is presented on structure, composition, and response to enzymes of corn stover related to barriers for bioconversion to ethanol. Aromatic compounds occurred in most tissue cell walls. Ferulic acid esterase treatment before cellulase treatment significantly improved dry weight loss and release of phenolic acids and sugars in most fractions over cellulase alone. Leaf fractions were considerably higher in dry weight loss and released sugars with esterase treatment, but stem pith cells gave up the most phenolic acids. Results help identify plant fractions more appropriate for coproducts and bioconversion and those more suitable as residues for soil erosion control. C1 [Akin, Danny E.; Morrison, W. Herbert, III; Rigsby, Luanne L.; Barton, Franklin E., II; Himmelsbach, David S.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 129 IS 1-3 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1385/ABAB:129:1:104 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V44LS UT WOS:000203004800009 PM 16915634 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ Ehsani, MR Saraswat, D AF Allred, BJ Ehsani, MR Saraswat, D TI Comparison of electromagnetic induction, capacitively-coupled resistivity, and galvanic contact resistivity methods for soil electrical conductivity measurement SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa); electromagnetic induction (EMI); capacitively-coupled resistivity (CCR); galvanic contact resistivity (GCR) ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; TOOLS AB In situ measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is an important precision agriculture tool useful for determining spatial changes in soil properties. Three near-surface geophysical methods are available for rapid, continuous measurement of ECa in agricultural fields. These methods are electromagnetic induction (EMI), capacitively coupled resistivity (CCR), and galvanic contact resistivity (GCR). Acceptance for using geophysical methods to gauge spatial changes in soil properties hinges to a significant degree on there being consistency of the measured ECa spatial pattern between geophysical methods. Testing of all three methods was conducted on two adjacent test plots having fine-grained soils and during two time periods with dissimilar shallow hydrologic conditions. Different operational modes for each of the three geophysical methods were evaluated, including three primary electromagnetic field frequencies (8190, 14610, and 20010 Hz) used for the EMI method, four spacing distances (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 in) between the two dipoles employed with the CCR method, and two different Schlumberger electrode array lengths (0.7 and 2.1 111) utilized for the GCR method. Therefore, a total of nine geophysical method - operational mode combinations were tested. Based on spatial correlation analysis, the areal ECa patterns measured by the nine method - operational mode combinations showed substantial similarity to each other, with one exception. The exception was the short electrode array mode of the GCR method that when paired with the various modes of the other two geophysical methods, exhibited an average correlation coefficient, r, that ranged between only 0.30 and 0.45. All other average r values for pairs of different geophysical method - operational mode combinations ranged between 0.62 and 0.97. Spatial correlation coefficients, for both test plots, between the same method - operational mode combination, but at two different times in which hydrologic conditions varied, ranged from 0.55 to 0.95 for eight of the nine method - operational mode combinations, with the GCR short electrode array having values of 0.32 and 0.58. Regarding the test plot EC average or median, there were substantial differences in values obtained by the three geophysical methods. Electromagnetic vertical sounding measurements along with results obtained by CCR, and GCR surveying, when combined, indicate that for both test plots, from the surface to a depth of a little over 2 in, soil electrical conductivity generally increased first and then decreased. Most importantly, although the measured ECa magnitudes vary between the three geophysical methods, results show that EMI, CCR, and GCR all provide useful and consistent information on soil electrical conductivity spatial patterns. C1 USDA, ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Ohio State Univ, FABE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Dr,Rm 234, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM allred.13@osu.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 215 EP 230 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 030KO UT WOS:000236633600005 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, FD AF Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Theurer, FD TI Subsurface flow component for AnnAGNPS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS; subsurface drainage; model simulation; best management practices; sediment reduction ID WATERSHEDS; MODEL; SIMULATION; AGNPS AB The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading (AnnANPSPL) model is a watershed scale, continuous simulation, daily time step model that is currently utilized in many locations of the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and others to estimate the impact of best management practices on non-point source pollution. The model has many unique and powerful capabilities, but prior to AnnAGNPS version 2.2, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage features were not available. Subsequently, subsurface lateral flow, including a subsurface drainage feature, was incorporated into AnnAGNPS and is described in this article. Subsurface lateral flow was defined based on Darcy's equation and subsurface drainage was determined using Hooghoudt's equation. Users have several options available within AnnAGNPS to determine the impact of subsurface drainage based on the availability of information on the drainage system. Subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage were assumed to occur only when the soil becomes saturated. As part of an inter-agency sedimentation project, the model with the subsurface enhancements was applied to the Ohio Upper Auglaize watershed non-point source modeling project to evaluate alternative agricultural management scenarios in reducing soil erosion and sediment loading within the watershed The application illustrated the importance of including subsurface capabilities in watershed models by indicating that subsurface drainage systems within the watershed increased total runoff, but reduced direct surface runoff that, in turn, reduced soil erosion and sediment delivery from the watershed. Sediment loadings for drained conditions were less than loadings for un-drained conditions in all simulated scenarios; and the sediment loadings for drained conditions were reduced by 7% to 16% compared with un-drained conditions. Furthermore, the model indicated that application of various areas of no-till or grassland to the watershed could reduce the sediment loading transported front the watershed to a range of 39% to 82% of the existing condition. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM yyuan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 030KO UT WOS:000236633600006 ER PT J AU Uddin, MS Armstrong, PR Zhang, N AF Uddin, MS Armstrong, PR Zhang, N TI Accuracy ofgrain moisture content prediction using temperature and relative humidity sensors SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE equilibrium moisture content; grain; relative humidity; sensors AB Grain temperature and moisture content (MC) are considered to be principal factors for safe storage of grain. Continuous monitoring of temperatures within grain masses is relatively easy using thermocouples, but monitoring of MC is limited by availability of sensors. However, temperature and relative humidity (RH) can be used to predict grain MC based on equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations such as the Modified Henderson, Chung-Pfost, or Oswin. These models are limited to quasi-static thermodynamic conditions but do provide a method to predict MC with commercial sensors. Error analysis was performed using EMC relationships for wheat to determine the error in grain MC prediction due to sensor error EMC prediction errors were found to be +/- 0.25% to +/- 0.65% MCdb between the RH ranges of 20% to 70% RH. At higher RH levels, prediction error increased substantially. Sensor error was set to +/- 2% RH and +/- 0.4 degrees C, for the error analysis. The sensor error was adopted from a commercial sensor that could be potentially used for a cabled monitoring system. At higher levels of sensor error (+/- 3% RH, +/- 0.4 degrees C and +/- 4% RH, +/- 0.4 degrees C), prediction error increased from +/- 0.38% to +/- 0.96% MCdb and from +/- 0.65% to +/- 1.29% MCdb, respectively, for the same RH range. Prediction error due to sensor error was found to be of the same magnitude as the standard errors of regression models developed for wheat. Measurements of sensor accuracy were also performed and accuracy was found to be within or better than rated manufacturer specifications for RH but temperature accuracy was less than rated accuracy. C1 USDA, ARS, Grad Marketing Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Armstrong, PR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grad Marketing Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM paul.armstrong@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 030KO UT WOS:000236633600010 ER PT J AU Brazil, BL Summerfelt, ST AF Brazil, BL Summerfelt, ST TI Aerobic treatment of gravity thickening tank supernatant SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE effluent treatment; aerobic lagoon; recirculating aquaculture; solids thickening; supernatant ID WASTE-WATER EUTROPHICATION; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS; FISH CULTURE EFFLUENTS; AQUACULTURE EFFLUENT; ANAEROBIC TREATMENT; SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; REMOVAL; PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEM; NITROGEN AB Aerobic treatment of the supernatant overflowing an aquaculture manure-thickening tank was studied in replicated circular tank reactors (500 L) at hydraulic residence times (HRT) of 1, 3, and 6 days under cool (mean temperature = 13.5 degrees C) and warm (mean temperature = 19.3 degrees C) water conditions. Influent characteristics differed between temperatures, most likely reflecting changes in microbial activity occurring within the material contained in the gravity thickeners. Organic carbon and carbonaceous substances were the most readily removed during aerobic treatment. Soluble carbonaceous biological oxygen demand (cBOD) concentrations were decreased an average 91% across all HRTs at the warmer temperatures and 82% during the cool temperatures. Whether measured as soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), or dissolved organic carbon (DOC), organic constituent removal efficiency ranged from 75 to 87% at all HRTs during both study phases. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations increased within the aerobic treatment vessels as soluble wastes were converted into heterotrophic and/or algae biomass. The increase in TSS concentration within the aerobic treatment vessel indicates that a solids capture process will be necessary to meet effluent suspended solids standards when employing the aerobic basin strategy. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency increased with increasing HRT, with an 87% removal efficiency achieved at the 6-day HRT under warm water conditions. During the cool temperature phase, the highest TAN reduction, 57%, was observed at the 3-day HRT. With respect to nitrite and nitrate concentration, effluent from the 1-day HRT treatment possessed the lowest concentrations under both temperature conditions. Dissolved phosphorus concentrations were reduced by an average 22% following treatment at the cool temperature. Under warm water conditions, phosphorus concentrations were reduced by 16.6,42.6, and 64.7% for the 1-, 3-, and 6-day HRTs. respectively. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Brazil, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM bbrazil@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.06.001 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 015RP UT WOS:000235568800004 ER PT J AU Hammond, J Reinsel, MD Maroon-Lango, CJ AF Hammond, J Reinsel, MD Maroon-Lango, CJ TI Identification and full sequence of an isolate of Alternanthera mosaic potexvirus infecting Phlox stolonifera SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTATO-VIRUS-X; TRIPLE GENE BLOCK; ENTIRE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MESSENGER-RNAS; MOVEMENT; DISTINCT; PROTEIN; TISSUE; PLANTS AB A potexvirus was isolated from creeping phlox (Phlox stolonifera) plants from a commercial nursery in Pennsylvania. The virus was serologically related to clover yellow mosaic virus, plantain virus X, potato virus X, and potato aucuba mosaic virus, and was most closely related to papaya mosaic virus (PapMV). The sequence of a PCR fragment obtained with potexvirus group-specific primers was distinct from that of PapMV; the coat protein (CP) gene and 3' untranslated region (UTR) were closely related to Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV), previously reported only from Australia. The host range was similar to that of the Australian isolate (AltMV-Au), and the phlox isolate reacted strongly with antiserum to AltMV-Au. The full sequence of the phlox isolate was more closely related to PapMV throughout the genome than to any potexvirus other than AltMV-Au, for which only the CP and 3'UTR sequences are available. The phlox isolate was therefore named AltMV-PA (for Pennsylvania), and the full 6607 nt sequence is presented(1). Additional AltMV isolates from creeping phlox (AltMV-BR and AltMV-SP) and trailing portulaca (Portulaca grandiflora; AltMV-Po) were also isolated, suggesting that AltMV may be widespread, and may have been mis-diagnosed in the past as PapMV. AltMV has the potential to spread to other ornamental crops. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,10300 Blatimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammondj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 151 IS 3 BP 477 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0646-2 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 017CW UT WOS:000235672700005 PM 16211329 ER PT J AU Niikura, M Dodgson, J Cheng, H AF Niikura, M Dodgson, J Cheng, H TI Direct evidence of host genome acquisition by the alphaherpesvirus Marek's disease virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; DNA; HERPESVIRUS; MUTANT; ONCOGENICITY; SEQUENCE; PASSAGE; VIL-8; CHICKENS; HOMOLOG AB Many herpesviruses including Marek's disease virus (MDV), a poultry alphaherpesvirus, carry homologous host genes presumably acquired during viral evolution. We have characterized one recent acquisition by MDV in considerable detail. The virulent MDV strain Md11 previously was isolated from a commercial chicken and initially propagated on duck cells. In the process of cloning the entire Md11 genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), we obtained an infectious clone in which the entire terminal repeat short segment was replaced with a portion of the duck genome that corresponds to chicken chromosome 19. This sequence is not predicted to express any protein even though it contains one exon of the VAMP1 gene. The replacement did not affect MDV replication in vitro, despite the virus having only one copy of ICP4. Furthermore, we have shown that the variant MDV genome containing the duck genome substitution is present in the parental Md11 population and has been maintained through several subsequent propagations of the virus on chicken cells. This finding provides direct evidence that host genome acquisition by MDV actually occurs during virus replication, and that one or more such MDV genomes with host sequences may exist within MDV viral stocks which tend to be polyclonal, due to the cell-associated nature of its infection process. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 151 IS 3 BP 537 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0633-7 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 017CW UT WOS:000235672700009 PM 16155725 ER PT J AU Demissie, S Cupples, LA Shearman, AM Gruenthal, KM Peter, I Schmid, CH Karas, RH Housman, DE Mendelsohn, ME Ordovas, JM AF Demissie, S Cupples, LA Shearman, AM Gruenthal, KM Peter, I Schmid, CH Karas, RH Housman, DE Mendelsohn, ME Ordovas, JM TI Estrogen receptor-alpha variants are associated with lipoprotein size distribution and particle levels in women: The Framingham Heart Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE lipid subclasses; lipoprotein particle size; estrogen receptor genetic polymorphisms; women ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; PLUS PROGESTIN; GENE VARIATION; DISEASE; RISK; POLYMORPHISMS; HEALTHY; PLASMA; REPLACEMENT AB Plasma lipid profile is affected by endogenous estrogen levels and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). As plasma lipid concentrations have a significant heritable basis and the effects of both endogenous estrogen and use of HRT are mediated by estrogen receptors, we sought to investigate the relationships between polymorphisms in estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. We analyzed data from 854 women (mean age 52 10 years) from the Framingham Heart Study. A TA repeat in the promoter region, c.30T > C in exon 1, c.454-397T > C, and c.454-351A > G in intron 1, all in linkage disequilibrium (LD), were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and concentration of small LDL particles. Women with the c.454-397C allele had larger LDL particle size (21.09 +/- 0.02 nm versus 21.01 +/- 0.03 nm, p = 0.021) concurrent with lower small LDL particle concentration (0.47 +/- 0.02 mmol/L versus 0.58 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, p = 0.008). Moreover, the TA[L]-c.30C-c.454-397C-c.454-351G haplotype (frequency, 32%) was associated with lower small LDL particle concentrations (-0.06 +/- 0.03 mmol/L change associated with each copy of this haplotype, p = 0.011) when compared to the TA[S]-c.30T-c.454-397T-c.454-351A haplotype (frequency, 46%), where L and S are long and short TA repeats. Our results suggest that common ESR1 polymorphisms have a significant effect on lipoprotein metabolism in women. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Demissie, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 715 Albany St,TE425, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM demissie@bu.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54776, N01-HC-38038, P50 HL63494, R01-HL65230] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAR PY 2006 VL 185 IS 1 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.008 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 015HA UT WOS:000235541300028 PM 16005459 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Lefohn, AS Massman, WJ Heath, RL AF Musselman, RC Lefohn, AS Massman, WJ Heath, RL TI A critical review and analysis of the use of exposure- and flux-based ozone indices for predicting vegetation effects SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE dose; effective flux; nocturnal; threshold; uptake ID PLANT-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; PONDEROSA PINE; AMBIENT OZONE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PROTECT VEGETATION AB Early studies of plant response to ozone (O-3) Utilized concentration-based metrics, primarily by summarizing the commonly monitored hourly average data sets. Research with the O-3 concentration parameter led to the recognition that both peak concentrations and cumulative effects are important when relating plant response to O-3. The US and Canada currently use O-3 concentration-based (exposure-based) parameters for ambient air quality standards for protecting vegetation; the European countries use exposure-based critical levels to relate O-3 to vegetation response. Because plant response is thought to be more closely related to O-3 absorbed into leaf tissue, recent research has been focused on flux-based O-3 parameters. Even though flux-based indices may appear to be more biologically relevant than concentration-based indices, there are limitations associated with their use. The current set of flux-based indices assumes that the plant has no defense mechanism to detoxify O-3. This is a serious limitation. In this paper, we review the literature on exposure- and flux-based indices for predicting plant response. Both exposure- and flux-based metrics may overestimate plant response. At this time, flux-based models that take into consideration detoxification mechanisms (referred to its effective flux) provide the best approach to relate O-3 to Plant response. However, because there is considerable uncertainty in quantifying the various defense mechanisms, effective flux at this time is difficult to quantify. Without adequate effective-flux based models, exposure-based O-3 metrics appear to be the only practical measure for use in relating ambient air quality standards to vegetation response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. ASL & Assoc, Helena, MT 59601 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rmusselman@fs.fed.us; asl@attglobal.net; wmassman@fs.fed.us; robert.heath@ucr.edu NR 143 TC 123 Z9 134 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1869 EP 1888 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.064 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 028TA UT WOS:000236510500011 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Miller, WW Branton, SL Maslin, WR Lott, BD AF Miles, DM Miller, WW Branton, SL Maslin, WR Lott, BD TI Ocular responses to ammonia in broiler chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ammonia; broiler; cornea; eye; performance; uveitis ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; POULTRY HOUSES; AERIAL AMMONIA; PERFORMANCE; LITTER; DUST AB In two trials, 60 male commercial broilers were placed in each of eight environmentally controlled chambers receiving 0, 25, 50, or 75 ppm aerial ammonia from I to 28 days. Birds exposed to 25 ppm (lower concentration) ammonia gas developed ocular abnormalities but at a slower rate when compared with birds exposed to 50 and 75 ppin (higher concentrations). Birds exposed to higher concentrations also developed more severe lesions. With little atmospheric ammonia present after 28 days of the grow-out stage, the corneas indicated signs of healing. Lymphocytes and heterophils were seen in the iris at 49 days ill ammonia-exposed birds even when ammonia exposure was terminated at 28 days. The lower ammonia concentrations resulted in abnormalities that were slight when compared with those seen at the higher ammonia concentrations. As measured by the incidence of inflammatory infiltrates ill the trachea, lung, and air sacs, respiratory tract tissues did not appear to be affected by any tested level of aerial ammonia. The findings in this investigation represent the first report indicating that ammonia-induced uveitis ill chickens clears rapidly after exposure to ammonia ceases. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Anim Ophthalmol Clin, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Poultry Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1637/7386-052405R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 022KJ UT WOS:000236054400008 PM 16617980 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Miska, K Klopp, S AF Jenkins, MC Miska, K Klopp, S TI Application of polymerase chain reaction based on ITS1 rDNA to speciate Eimeria SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; avian coccidiosis; polymerase chain reaction; detection ID DOMESTIC-FOWL; BROILER-CHICKENS; PCR ASSAY; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; COCCIDIOSIS; INFECTION; PARASITES; VACCINES AB A method was developed to recover Eimeria spp. oocysts directly from poultry litter and determine which species of Eimeria were present using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the ITS1 rDNA sequence. The species composition of Eimeria oocysts was also compared before and after propagation in susceptible chickens to determine if the relative proportion of each species changed after expansion. In samples from two broiler operations, ITS1-PCR was able to detect Eimeria spp. oocysts recovered from litter, with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria praecox being the predominant species present therein. Although Eimeria tenella was found in one sample, the other species-Eimeria. brunetti, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria mitis-were not detected. The species composition as determined by ITS1-PCR did not appear to appreciably alter after expansion in susceptible chickens. The described method represents a rapid means for determining the major Eimeria species in a poultry operation and may be helpful in choosing a particular live oocyst vaccine formulation to protect chickens against coccidiosis. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 50 IS 1 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1637/7439-091305R.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 022KJ UT WOS:000236054400020 PM 16617992 ER PT J AU Wright-Weber, B Held, BC Brown, A Grossman, SH AF Wright-Weber, B Held, BC Brown, A Grossman, SH TI Immunological and physical comparison of monomeric and dimeric phosphagen kinases: Some evolutionary implications SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE arginine kinase; creatine kinase; cross-reactivity; physical property ID DENATURED CREATINE-KINASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; ARGININE KINASE; MONKEY BRAIN; PURIFICATION; MUSCLE; CONFORMATION; EXPRESSION; ISOZYMES; PROTEINS AB The antigenic and physical properties of several representative invertebrate phosphagen kinases have been examined in order to further characterize the relationship between taxonomic assignment, quaternary protein structure and evolution of this class of enzymes. Antibodies against dimeric arginine kinase from the sea cucumber cross-reacted with dimeric arginine kinase purified from sea urchin eggs, but failed to react with extracts from any species known to contain monomeric arginine kinase. However, strong immunoreactivity was observed when antibodies against purified dimeric arginine kinase were reacted with pure creatine kinase from the human muscle (CK-MM) and brain (CK-Bb) as well as extracts from several species known to contain dimeric creatine kinase. Of particular interest with regard to evolution of the phosphagen kinases, we confirm the presence of creatine kinase activity in the very primitive sponge Tethya aurnatium and detect a reaction with antibodies against dimeric, but not monomeric, arginine kinase. This observation is consistent with recent studies of phosphagen kinase evolution. Substrate utilization was very specific with creatine kinase using only creatine. Arginine kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of arginine but enzymes from several species could also phosphorylate canavanine. No activities were detected with D-arginine. Isoelectric points, evaluated for several pure arginine kinases suggest that generally the monomeric forms are more acidic than the dimeric proteins. Heat inactivation of arginine kinase in several species indicated a wide range of stabilities, which did not appear to be correlated with quaternary structure, but rather distinguished by the organism's environment. On the other hand, homodimeric arginine kinase proteins from species inhabiting disparate environments are sufficiently homologous to form a catalytically active hybrid. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USDA, Agr Res Stn, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Grossman, SH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM stgr@cas.usf.edu NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 1760 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.11.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 028NF UT WOS:000236494000009 PM 16386374 ER PT J AU Shrestha, R Kim, SC Dyer, JM Dixon, RA Chapman, KD AF Shrestha, R Kim, SC Dyer, JM Dixon, RA Chapman, KD TI Plant fatty acid (ethanol) amide hydrolases SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE lipid metabolism; N-acylethanolamines; fatty acid amide hydrolase ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; N-ACYLETHANOLAMINES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; SWISS-MODEL; PROTEIN; ANANDAMIDE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION AB Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a central role in modulating endogenous N-acylethanolamine (NAE) levels in vertebrates, and, in part, constitutes an "endocannabinoid" signaling pathway that regulates diverse physiological and behavioral processes in animals. Recently, an Arabidopsis FAAH homologue was identified which catalyzed the hydrolysis of NAEs in vitro suggesting a FAAH-mediated pathway exists in plants for the metabolism of endogenous NAEs. Here, we provide evidence to support this concept by identifying candidate FAAH genes in monocots (Oryza sativa) and legumes (Medicago truncatula), which have similar, but not identical, exon-intron organizations. Corresponding M truncatula and rice cDNAs were isolated and cloned into prokaryotic expression vectors and expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. NAE amidohydrolase assays confirmed that these proteins indeed catalyzed the hydrolysis of C-14-labeled NAEs in vitro. Kinetic parameters and inhibition properties of the rice FAAH were similar to those of Arabidopsis and rat FAAH, but not identical. Sequence alignments and motif analysis of plant FAAH enzymes revealed a conserved domain organization for these members of the amidase superfamily. Five amino-acid residues determined to be important for catalysis by rat FAAH were absolutely conserved within the FAAH sequences of six plant species. Homology modeling of the plant FAAH proteins using the rat FAAH crystal structure as a template revealed a conserved protein core that formed the active site of each enzyme. Collectively, these results indicate that plant and mammalian FAAH proteins have similar structure/activity relationships despite limited overall sequence identity. Defining the molecular properties of NAE amidohydrolase enzymes in plants will help to better understand the metabolic regulation of NAE lipid mediators. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Dept Sci Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP Chapman, KD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Plant Lipid Res, Dept Sci Biol, POB 305220, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM chapman@unt.edu NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-1981 J9 BBA-MOL CELL BIOL L JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids PD MAR PY 2006 VL 1761 IS 3 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.03.004 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 050VF UT WOS:000238116300005 PM 16624618 ER PT J AU Barlow, J Peres, CA Henriques, LMP Stouffer, PC Wunderle, JM AF Barlow, J Peres, CA Henriques, LMP Stouffer, PC Wunderle, JM TI The responses of understorey birds to forest fragmentation, logging and wildfires: An Amazonian synthesis SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE tropical forest; forest conservation; wildlife; birds; logging; fragmentation; fire; Amazon; Brazil; Venezuela ID RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TREEFALL GAPS; GROUND FIRES; SPECIES LOSS; MANAGEMENT; SCALE AB We combine mist-net data from 24 disturbance treatments taken from seven studies on the responses of understorey Amazonian birds to selective logging, single and recurrent wildfires, and habitat fragmentation. The different disturbance treatments had distinct effects on avian guild structure, and fire disturbance and the isolation of forest patches resulted in bird communities that were most divergent from those in continuous, undisturbed forest in terms of their species composition. Although low-intensity logging treatments had the least noticeable effects, the composition of understorey birds was still markedly different from the composition in undisturbed forest. This analysis demonstrates the importance of preventing habitat fragmentation and the spread of fires in humid tropical forests, and highlights the need for more research to determine the long-term suitability of large areas of degraded forest for forest birds. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66077530 Belem, Para, Brazil. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM J.Barlow@uea.ac.uk RI Peres, Carlos/B-1276-2013; Barlow, Jos/E-7861-2014; OI Peres, Carlos/0000-0002-1588-8765; Henriques, Luiza/0000-0003-3653-3290 NR 86 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.028 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021VY UT WOS:000236015200004 ER PT J AU Cushman, SA AF Cushman, SA TI Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: A review and prospectus SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE habitat loss; habitat fragmentation; amphibians; dispersal; persistence; extinction; review ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; BUFO-CALAMITA METAPOPULATION; POOL-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; POPULATION VIABILITY; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT AB Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the largest threats to amphibian populations. However, most studies have not provided clear insights into their population-level implications. There is a critical need to investigate the mechanisms that underlie patterns of distribution and abundance. In order to understand the population- and species-level implications of habitat loss and fragmentation, it is necessary to move from site-specific inferences to assessments of how the influences of multiple factors interact across extensive landscapes to influence population size and population connectivity. The goal of this paper is to summarize the state of knowledge, identify information gaps and suggest research approaches to provide reliable knowledge and effective conservation of amphibians in landscapes experiencing habitat loss and fragmentation. Reliable inferences require attention to species-specific ecological characteristics and their interactions with environmental conditions at a range of spatial scales. Habitat connectivity appears to play a key role in regional viability of amphibian populations. in amphibians, population connectivity is predominantly effected through juvenile dispersal. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the short-term impact of habitat loss and fragmentation increases with dispersal ability. However, species with limited dispersal abilities are likely to be equally imperiled by habitat loss and fragmentation over longer time periods. Rigorous understanding of the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians will require species-specific, multi-scale, mechanistic investigations, and will be benefit from integrating large empirical field studies with molecular genetics and simulation modeling. Molecular genetic methods are particularly suited to quantifying the influences of habitat structure across large spatial extents on gene flow and population connectivity. Conservation strategies would benefit by moving from generalizations to species and process specific recommendations and by moving from site-specific actions to implementing conservation plans at multiple scales across broad landscapes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 102 TC 473 Z9 510 U1 48 U2 395 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.031 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021VY UT WOS:000236015200009 ER PT J AU Siegel, JP Lacey, LA Higbee, BS Noble, P Fritts, R AF Siegel, JP Lacey, LA Higbee, BS Noble, P Fritts, R TI Effect of application rates and abiotic factors on Steinernema carpocapsae for control of overwintering navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in pistachios SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Steinernema carpocapsae; Amyelois transitella; mortality; pistachios; soil temperature; entomopathogenic nematodes ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE PERSISTENCE; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of reduced application rate, soil temperature at shallow depth (>= 2.5 cm), and soil type on the efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae against the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, was evaluated in six field trials employing 1 m(2) plots conducted from November 2003 through December 2004 in Madera and Kern Counties, California. Nematodes were applied at a concentration of 100,000 infective juveniles (IJs)/m(2) (10(9)/ha) in a volume of 187 ml water/m(2) (1870 L/ha) with a post-application irrigation in all trials. Mortality ranged from 7.9 to 64.9% in successful trials and percent reduction in live larvae per plot was as high as 74.6%. Percent reduction and mortality were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.78) and larval reduction typically was 10-11% greater than mortality for any treatment. In one trial, although nematode treatment significantly increased mortality compared to the controls, the treatment was deemed unsatisfactory because mortality was < 15%. Soil temperature in this trial rose to 39 degrees C within 5 h after application. Nematodes failed in two other trials when soil temperature fell below freezing (minimum temperatures -3.0, -5.5 degrees C, respectively) several times in a 5-day period. We conclude that a commercially feasible application volume of 1870 L water/ha followed by post-application irrigation at this same rate was effective, and that soil maximum temperature at or below 32 degrees C during the first 24 h after application is necessary for treatment success. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA 93308 USA. Certis USA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Siegel, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jsiegel@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.012 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 012QY UT WOS:000235355400008 ER PT J AU Smith, L Hayat, R Cristofaro, M Tronci, C Tozlu, G Lecce, F AF Smith, L Hayat, R Cristofaro, M Tronci, C Tozlu, G Lecce, F TI Assessment of risk of attack to safflower by Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera : Apionidae), a prospective biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE host plant specificity; classical biological control; nontarget plant; risk assessment ID YELLOW STARTHISTLE; TEPHRITIDAE; KNAPWEEDS; DIPTERA AB Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) is a prospective biological control agent of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis, Asteraceae: Cardueac), which is an important invasive alien weed in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that it is possible for this insect to oviposit on and complete development on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under no-choice laboratory conditions; however, it has never been reported as a pest of safflower. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in eastern Turkey during 3 years to evaluate the risk of attack on safflower by this insect in its native range. At two sites where C. basicorne was the only apionid observed, no safflower plants were attacked despite high attack rates on yellow starthistle test plants (48-98% of plants infested). At a third site, where C. basicorne and three other species in the same genus; C scalptum, C orientale, and C onopordi were present, 8-26% of safflower plants were infested, but none of the insects reared from safflower during 3 years were C basicorne. Other authors have reported rearing C. basicorne from field-collected plants of only Ce. solstitialis, Ce. cyanus, Ce. depressa., and Cincus benedictus. Our results indicate that C. basicorne does not attack safflower under field conditions and that its introduction would not pose a risk to this crop. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. ENEA CR, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lsmith@pw.usda.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.11.001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 012QY UT WOS:000235355400010 ER PT J AU Goslee, SC Peters, DPC Beck, KG AF Goslee, SC Peters, DPC Beck, KG TI Spatial prediction of invasion success across heterogeneous landscapes using an individual-based model SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Acroptilon repens; climate; geographic information systems; grassland; individual-based simulation model; soil texture ID RUSSIAN KNAPWEED; CLIMATE; WEEDS AB The limited resources available for managing invasive plant species in native ecosystems and the magnitude of the problem make it essential that we develop methods to prioritize sites for management efforts. We used the individual-based simulation model ECOTONE in conjunction with climate and soil texture data to identify grassland site types where the invasive perennial forb Acroptilon repens is likely to be successful, and to create a threat map indicating the most vulnerable regions of Colorado. Acroptilon repens has the potential to become most abundant in dry areas with fine-textured soils. This information can be used to direct management efforts towards the areas at greatest risk, allowing the most effective use of limited resources. The most common approach for identifying invasible regions has been to extrapolate from the locations of existing invasions to find similar sites. Two major drawbacks to this method are the lack of consideration of the role of the existing plant community in inhibiting or facilitating invasion, and the assumption that the invading species is at equilibrium with the environment. The combination of an individual-based simulation model and a geographic information system provides a flexible tool to investigate the community and regional dynamics of invasive plant species. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Goslee, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sarah.goslee@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10530-004-2954-y PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998HO UT WOS:000234309500008 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Ross, SA Davis, CD AF Uthus, EO Ross, SA Davis, CD TI Differential effects of dietary selenium (Se) and folate on methyl metabolism in liver and colon of rats SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium; folate; rat; DNA methylation; one-carbon; metabolism ID GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; ABERRANT CRYPT FORMATION; DNA METHYLATION; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; PLASMA GLUTATHIONE; BINDING-PROTEIN; DEFICIENCY; CANCER; METHIONINE AB A previous Study compared the effects of folate on methyl metabolism in colon and liver of rats fed a selenium-deficient diet (< 3 mu g Se/kg) to those of rats fed a diet containing supranutritional Se (2 mg selenite/kg). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of folate and adequate Se (0.2 mg/kg) on methyl metabolism in colon and liver. Weanling, Fischer-344 rats (n=8/diet) were fed diets containing 0 or 0.2 mg selenium (as selenite)/kg and 0 or 2 mg folic acid/kg in a 2 x 2 design. After 70 cl, plasma homocysteine was increased (p < 0.0001) by folate deficiency; this increase was markedly attenuated (p < 0.0001) in rats fed the selenium-deficient diet compared to those fed 0.2 mg Se/kg. The activity of hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), an enzyme involved in the regulation of tissue S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), was increased by folate deficiency (p < 0.006) and decreased by selenium deprivation (p < 0.0003). Colon and liver SAH were highest (p < 0.006) in rats fed deficient folate and adequate selenium. Although folate deficiency decreased liver SAM (p < 0.001), it had no effect on colon SAM. Global DNA methylation was decreased (p < 0.04) by selenium deficiency in colon but not liver; folate had no effect. Selenium deficiency did not affect DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) activity in liver but tended to decrease (p < 0.06) the activity of the enzyme in the colon. Dietary folate did not affect liver or colon Dnmt. These results in rats fed adequate selenium are similar to previous results found in rats fed supranutritional selenium. This suggests that selenium deficiency appears to be a more important modifier of methyl metabolism than either adequate or supplemental selenium. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM euthus@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 109 IS 3 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1385/BTER:109:3:201 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 040ED UT WOS:000237360900001 PM 16632891 ER PT J AU South, PK Smith, AD Guidry, CA Levander, OA AF South, PK Smith, AD Guidry, CA Levander, OA TI Effect of physical restraint on oxidative stress in mice fed a selenium and vitamin E deficient diet SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE physical restraint; oxidative stress; selenium; vitamin E ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PLASMA; ASSAYS; RATS AB Physical restraint has been associated with increased oxidative damage to lipid, protein, and DNA. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether physical restraint would further exacerbate oxidative stress in mice fed a selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) deficient diet. Three-week-old mice were fed a Torula yeast diet containing adequate or deficient Se and VE. Menhaden oil was added to the deficient diet to impose art additional oxidative stress. After 4 wk feeding, half the mice in each group were restrained for 5 d in well-ventilated conical tubes for 8 h daily. Mice fed the Se and VE deficient diets had increased liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels and decreased liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) activity and alpha-tocopherol levels. Plasma corticosterone levels were elevated in restrained mice fed the deficient diet compared to Unrestrained mice fed the adequate diet. Restraint had no effect on liver TBARS or alpha-tocopherol levels. Liver GPX1 activity, however, was lower in restrained mice fed the adequate diet. In addition, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower in the restrained mice fed the adequate or deficient diet. Thus, under our conditions, Se and VE deficient diet, but not restraint, increased lipid peroxidation in mice. Restraint, however, decreased antioxidant protection in mice due to decreased activities of GPX1 and SOD enzymes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP South, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 109 IS 3 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1385/BTER:109:3:293 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 040ED UT WOS:000237360900007 PM 16632897 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Calegari, A Peixoto, R Miyazawa, M Cabrera, ML AF Schomberg, HH Endale, DM Calegari, A Peixoto, R Miyazawa, M Cabrera, ML TI Influence of cover crops on potential nitrogen availability to succeeding crops in a Southern Piedmont soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE COTTON; NORTH-CAROLINA PIEDMONT; CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; RESIDUE; CARBON; FERTILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; MOVEMENT; ROTATION AB Winter cover crops are essential in conservation tillage systems to protect soils from erosion and for improving soil productivity. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) could be useful cover crops in the southeastern USA, but successful adoption requires understanding their influence on N availability in conservation tillage systems. Black oat and oilseed radish were compared to crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) for biomass production and effects on N mineralization during the summer crop growing season from fall 1998 through summer 2002 near Watkinsville, GA. Rye produced 40 to 60% more biomass, although N contents were less than the other cover crops. Oilseed radish and black oat N contents were similar to crimson clover. Black oat, oilseed radish, and crimson clover C/N ratios were less than 30, whereas rye averaged 39. Amount of N mineralized in 90 days (N-min90) measured with in situ soil cores was 1.3 to 2.2 times greater following black oat, crimson clover, and oilseed radish than following rye. No differences in N-min90 were found between black oats, crimson clover, and oilseed radish in 1999 and 2000. The amount of potentially mineralizable N (N-0) was not different due to cover crop, but was 1.5 times greater in 2000 and 2002 than in 1999. The rate of N mineralization (k) was 20 to 50% slower following rye than the other three cover crops. Black oat and oilseed radish biomass production and soil N mineralization dynamics were more similar to crimson clover than to rye, which indicates that they could be used as cover crops in the southeast without significant changes in N recommendations for most crops. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Inst Agron Parana, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. EMBRAPA Agrobiol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM hhs1@uga.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD MAR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0027-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 020ME UT WOS:000235912800003 ER PT J AU Mirando, MA Hamernik, DL AF Mirando, MA Hamernik, DL TI Funding priorities in animal reproduction at the United States Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE animal; aquaculture; competitive grants; federal funding; female reproductive tract; male reproductive tract; ovary; pituitary; pregnancy; reproduction ID DAIRY-CATTLE AB The National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's major competitive grants program and is administered by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). Since its inception in 1991, the NRI has funded competitive grants in the discipline of animal reproduction. Previously, this program provided funding for a broad range of projects encompassing almost every subdiscipline in reproductive biology of farm animals, including aquatic species important to the aquaculture industry. During fiscal year 2004, the NRI Animal Reproduction Program narrowed the focus of funding priorities to the topics of infertility, basic mechanisms regulating fertility, cryopreservation of gametes, reducing the postpartum interval to conception, and sterilization methods or development of monosex populations. in response to a directive to further narrow the focus of funding priorities for fiscal year 2005 and beyond, CSREES conducted a Stakeholder Workshop on Funding Priorities in Animal Reproduction at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction in Vancouver, Canada. More than 75 stakeholder scientists from a cross section of federal, public, and private institutions from across the United States participated in the workshop and provided recommendations to CSREES for future NRI-funding priorities in Animal Reproduction. The recommendations provided by stakeholders included continuing efforts to focus funding priorities into fewer high-impact areas relevant to animal agriculture and aquaculture. Recommendations also included movement back toward subdisciplines of animal reproduction that cut across all applicable species. The three funding priorities that consistently emerged as recommendations from the workshop participants were 1) gonadal function and production of gametes, 2) pituitary-hypothalamic function, and 3) embryo and conceptus development, including interaction between the conceptus and uterus. These funding priorities were considered when preparing the fiscal year 2006 NRI Request for Applications. C1 USDA, Competit Programs, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Plant & Anim Syst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, Stop 2241,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mmirando@csrees.usda.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.105.048686 PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 014AV UT WOS:000235452000002 PM 16291924 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ McAloon, AJ Yee, WC Foglia, TA AF Haas, MJ McAloon, AJ Yee, WC Foglia, TA TI A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; cost estimate; economic analysis; soybean oil ID OIL AB 'Biodiesel' is the name given to a renewable diesel fuel that is produced from fats and oils. It consists of the simple alkyl esters of fatty acids, most typically the methyl esters. We have developed a computer model to estimate the capital and operating costs of a moderately-sized industrial biodiesel production facility. The major process operations in the plant were continuous-process vegetable oil transesterification, and ester and glycerol recovery. The model was designed using contemporary process simulation software, and current reagent, equipment and supply costs, following current production practices. Crude, degummed soybean oil was specified as the feedstock. Annual production capacity of the plant was set at 37,854,118 1 (10 x 106 gal). Facility construction costs were calculated to be US$11.3 million. The largest contributors to the equipment cost, accounting for nearly one third of expenditures, were storage tanks to contain a 25 day capacity of feedstock and product. At a value of US$0.52/kg ($0.236/lb) for feedstock soybean oil, a biodiesel production cost of US$0.53/l ($2.00/gal) was predicted. The single greatest contributor to this value was the cost of the oil feedstock, which accounted for 88% of total estimated production costs. An analysis of the dependence of production costs on the cost of the feedstock indicated a direct linear relationship between the two, with a change of US$0.020/1 ($0.075/gal) in product cost per US$0.022/kg ($0.01/lb) change in oil cost. Process economics included the recovery of coproduct glycerol generated during biodiesel production, and its sale into the commercial glycerol market as an 80% w/w aqueous solution, which reduced production costs by approximate to 6%. The production cost of biodiesel was found to vary inversely and linearly with variations in the market value of glycerol, increasing by US$0.0022/1 ($0.0085/gal) for every US$0.022/kg ($0.01/lb) reduction in glycerol value. The model is flexible in that it can be modified to calculate the effects on capital and production costs of changes in feedstock cost, changes in the type of feedstock employed, changes in the value of the glycerol coproduct, and change in process chemistry and technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mhaas@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 456 Z9 468 U1 12 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 97 IS 4 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.039 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 002BX UT WOS:000234587500020 PM 15935657 ER PT J AU Shivik, JA AF Shivik, JA TI Tools for the edge: What's new for conserving carnivores SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; aversive stimuli; endangered species; disruptive stimuli; predator conservation ID DOMESTIC SHEEP; COYOTE PREDATION; BLACK BEARS; LIVESTOCK; DOGS; DEPREDATION; HUSBANDRY; EFFICACY; COLORADO; LOSSES AB The loss of large carnivores at the edges of parks, preserves, and human habitations threatens the conservation of many species. Thus, effective predation management is a conservation issue, and tools to mitigate conflicts between humans and predators are required. Both disruptive-stimulus (e.g., fladry, Electronic Guards, radio-activated guards) and aversive-stimulus (e.g., electronic training collars, less-than-lethal ammunition) approaches are useful, and technological advances have led to many new, commercially available methods. Evaluating the biological and economic efficiency of these methods is important. However, social and psychological effects should also be considered. The management of animal damage to human property is necessary, and methods that allow the coexistence of livestock and large predators must be employed. With further research and development that includes interdisciplinary approaches to management methods, biologists may be better able to conserve large carnivore species by ameliorating human conflicts with them. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Shivik, JA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov NR 50 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0253:TFTEWN]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 023AG UT WOS:000236096800013 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, BC Cotta, MA TI Ethanol production from alkaline peroxide pretreated enzymatically saccharified wheat straw SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; WET OXIDATION; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; PICHIA-STIPITIS; CORN FIBER; FERMENTATION; HEMICELLULOSE; DELIGNIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE AB Wheat straw used in this study contained 44.24 +/- 0.28% cellulose and 25.23 +/- 0.11% hemicellulose. Alkaline H2O2 pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were evaluated for conversion of wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. The maximum yield of monomeric sugars from wheat straw (8.6%, w/v) by alkaline peroxide pretreatment (2.15% H2O2, v/v; pH 11.5; 35 degrees C; 24 h) and enzymatic sacchafification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 120 h) by three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase) using 0.16 mL of each enzyme preparation per g of straw was 672 +/- 4 mg/g (96.7% yield). During the pretreatment, no measurable quantities of furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced. The concentration of ethanol (per L) from alkaline peroxide pretreated enzyme saccharified wheat straw (66.0 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 at pH 6.5 and 37 degrees C in 48 h was 18.9 +/- 0.9 g with a yield of 0.46 g per g of available sugars (0.29 g/g straw). The ethanol concentration (per L) was 15.1 +/- 0.1 g with a yield of 0.23 g/g of straw in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by the E. coli strain at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C in 48 h. C1 USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 26 TC 114 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1021/bp050310r PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 032OG UT WOS:000236783400017 PM 16599561 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Johnson, MT AF Denslow, JS Johnson, MT TI Biological control of tropical weeds: Research opportunities in plant-herbivore interactions SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE biological control; invasive species; plant-herbivore interactions ID RAIN-FOREST; INSECTS; INVASIONS; SPECIALIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; BIOCONTROL; COMMUNITY; RISK C1 Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, POB 4370, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00097.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010RA UT WOS:000235210600001 ER PT J AU Wunderle, JM Henriques, LMP Willig, MR AF Wunderle, JM Henriques, LMP Willig, MR TI Short-term responses of birds to forest gaps and understory: An assessment of reduced-impact logging in a lowland Amazon forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; Brazil; disturbance; forest birds; forest management; logging effects; reduced-impact logging; treefall gaps; understory birds ID TROPICAL MOIST FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; TREEFALL GAPS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COSTA-RICA; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTS AB We studied physiognomy-specific (i.e., gaps vs. understory) responses of birds to low harvest (18.7 m(3)/ha), reduced-impact logging by comparing 3500 mist net captures in control and cut blocks of an Amazonian terra firme forest in Brazil at 20-42 mo postharvest. Species richness did not differ significantly between control (92 species) and cut (85) forest based on rarefaction to 1200 captures. Fifty-six percent of all species were shared between control and cut forest, compared to the 64 percent shared between control blocks. Higher captures of nectarivores and frugivores in cut forest likely occurred as a consequence of postharvest resource blooms. Higher captures of some insectivores in cut as compared to control forest were unexpected, attributable to increased wandering or shifts from association with midstory to understory as a consequence of habitat alteration. Logging influenced capture rates for 21 species, either consistently, or via positive interaction with physiognomy or time (13 species higher in cut forest and 8 species higher in control forest). Cut understory sites had lower diversity (H') and scaled dominance than understory and gap sites in control forest. Temporal changes in captures may have resulted from successional dynamics in cut forest: two guilds and three species increased in abundance. Increases in abundances of guilds and particular species were more prevalent in control than in cut forest, suggesting that logging displaced birds to control forest. In general, the effects of logging were relatively minor; low harvest rates and reduced-impact methods may help to retain aspects of avian biodiversity in Amazon forest understories. C1 Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ecol Program, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, The Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, HC 02 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM Wunderle@coqui.net OI Henriques, Luiza/0000-0003-3653-3290 NR 79 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00138.x PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010RA UT WOS:000235210600011 ER PT J AU Basile, LA Taylor, SN Wagner, CL Horst, RL Hollis, BW AF Basile, Laura A. Taylor, Sarah N. Wagner, Carol L. Horst, Ron L. Hollis, Bruce W. TI The Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Vitamin D Levels and Milk Calcium Concentration in Lactating Women and Their Infants SO BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BREAST-FED INFANTS; D DEFICIENCY; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; D INSUFFICIENCY; HUMAN-SKIN; CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CUTANEOUS SYNTHESIS; CANCER MORTALITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN AB Objective: Improve vitamin D status in lactating women and their recipient infants, and measure breast milk calcium concentration [Ca] as a function of vitamin D regimen. Design/Methods: Fully breastfeeding mothers were randomized at 1 month postpartum to 2000 (n = 12) or 4000 (n = 13) IU/day vitamin D for 3 months to achieve optimal vitamin D status [serum 25(OH) D >= 32 ng/mL (80 nmol/L)]. Breast milk [Ca], maternal and infant serum 25(OH) D and serum Ca, and maternal urinary Ca/Cr ratio were measured monthly. Results: Mothers were similar between groups for age, race, gestation, and birth weight. 25(OH) D increased from 1 to 4 months in both groups (mean +/- SD): +11.5 +/- 2.3 ng/mL for group 2000 (p = 0.002) and +14.4 +/- 3.0 ng/mL for group 4000 (p = 0.0008). The 4000 IU/day regimen was more effective in raising both maternal and infant serum levels and breast milk antirachitic activity than the 2000 IU/day regimen. Breast milk [Ca] fell with continued lactation through 4 months in the 2000 and 4000 IU groups. Decline in breast milk [Ca] was not associated with vitamin D dose (p = 0.73) or maternal 25(OH) D (p = 0.94). No mother or infant experienced vitamin D-related adverse events, and all laboratory parameters remained in the normal range. Conclusion: High-dose vitamin D was effective in increasing 25(OH) D levels in fully breastfeeding mothers to optimal levels without evidence of toxicity. Breast milk [Ca] and its decline in both groups during 1 to 4 months were independent of maternal vitamin D status and regimen. Both the mother and her infant attained improved vitamin D status and maintained normal [Ca]. C1 [Basile, Laura A.; Taylor, Sarah N.; Wagner, Carol L.; Hollis, Bruce W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Horst, Ron L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Basile, LA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, 165 Ashley Ave,POB 250917, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM basile@musc.edu FU University Research Committee; General Clinical Research Center NIH [RR01070]; Medical University of South Carolina [HR10124] FX The authors thank Deanna Fanning, R.N., for assistance with data collection and entry, and for contributions and support of this study. This study was supported by funding/grants from the University Research Committee and the General Clinical Research Center NIH #RR01070, Medical University of South Carolina, HR#10124. The authors thank Myla Ebeling for assistance in analyzing the data and for support with the statistical analyses. The authors extend special thanks to the mothers and infants who made this study possible. NR 77 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1556-8253 EI 1556-8342 J9 BREASTFEED MED JI Breastfeed. Med. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1089/bfm.2006.1.27 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA V11LO UT WOS:000207533300004 PM 17661558 ER PT J AU Mittapalli, O Shukle, RH Wise, IL AF Mittapalli, O Shukle, RH Wise, IL TI Identification of mariner-like elements in Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; SPRING WHEAT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HESSIAN FLY; RESISTANCE; GENOME; MIDGE; EVOLUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSFORMATION AB Mariner-like element sequences were recovered from the genome of the orange wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin), with degenerate PCR primers designed to conserved regions of mariner transposases. The deduced amino acid sequences of the mariner-like transposases from S. mosellana showed 67% to 78% identity with the peptide sequences of other mariner transposases. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mariner-like elements from S. mosellana grouped in the mauritiana subfamily of mariner transposons. Results from Southern blot analysis suggest mariner-like elements are at a moderate copy number in the genome of S. mosellana. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM shukle@purdue.edu NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 138 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 046VE UT WOS:000237838400002 ER PT J AU Baum, KA Rubink, WL Coulson, RN AF Baum, KA Rubink, WL Coulson, RN TI Trapping of feral honey bee workers (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in a coastal prairie landscape: effects of season and vegetation type SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; NEST-SITE SELECTION; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; SWARMING DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN TEXAS; FOOD SOURCES; COLONIES; SCOUTS AB We examined capture rates of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.) throughout the year and compared capture rates among four different vegetation communities. Capture rates varied throughout the year, with the largest number of bees collected from December through February, when nectar and pollen availability were low. Capture rates also varied among vegetation communities. Traps located in the woodland community contained fewer honey bees than those located in live oak in February and live oak and brushland in December, corresponding to lower estimates of nectar availability in the woodland. Few honey bees were collected during swarming periods, suggesting that most of the captured honey bees were searching for food sources. The number of honey bees collected in the traps provided a qualitative estimate of food resource availability. The traps also may be used to collect insects for genetic analysis or to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of other species. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Knowledge Engn Lab, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Grp, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Baum, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, 430 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM kristen.baum@okstate.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 138 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 046VE UT WOS:000237838400009 ER PT J AU Vollrath, T Hallahan, C AF Vollrath, T Hallahan, C TI Testing the integration of US-Canadian meat and livestock markets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID ONE PRICE; ARBITRAGE; CATTLE; LAW AB Price transmission is a critically important issue that affects market enlargement and the unification of Canadian-U.S. agriculture. This study adopts alternative frameworks to examine the nature of cross-border integration in selected meat and livestock markets. The aim is to determine the extent to which selected meat and livestock markets transmit price signals across the international border using time-series data through 2001. Typically, price-based studies examining market integration across countries ignore important spatial and temporal factors affecting commodity price relationships such as adjustments lags, changes in the value of national currencies, and policy-induced trade barriers. Here, we account for such factors in our two model specifications. The first model is based upon the law-of-one price (LOP) framework and focuses on spatial efficiency. The second analytical framework is the vector autoregressive (VAR) model that highlights the dynamic notion of market connectedness. The LOP analysis permits us to formally test the existence of perfect market integration and complete market segmentation. The VAR analysis enables us to gauge price-shock transference. Empirical evidence is generated confirming that the two national markets for whole chicken are segmented, a not unsurprising finding given that poultry is a supply managed sector in Canada. The Canadian-U.S. hog- and pork-product markets were found to be more integrated than the Canadian-U.S. steer- and beef-product markets. Evidence is also provided showing that the Canadian-U.S. exchange rate inhibits cross-border integration in these commodity markets. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Vollrath, T (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM thomasv@ers.usda.gov; hallahan@ers.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 1 BP 55 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2006.00038.x PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 012ST UT WOS:000235360600004 ER PT J AU Powers, RF AF Powers, RF TI Long-Term Soil Productivity: genesis of the concept and principles behind the program SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material AB The capacity of a forest site to capture carbon and convert it into biomass defines fundamental site productivity. In the United States, the National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976 mandates that this capacity must be protected on federally managed lands. Responding to NFMA, the USDA Forest Service began a soil-based monitoring program for its managed forests. Lacking an extensive research base, soil-based standards were predicated largely on professional judgment. To provide a stronger foundation, a national program of Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) research was established. The LTSP program addresses both short- and long-term consequences of site and soil disturbance on fundamental forest productivity. Research centers on two key properties affecting a site's long-term productive capacity, site organic matter and soil porosity, each of which is readily influenced by management. A coordinated research network of more than 100 field installations in the United States and Canada is examining how pulse changes in these properties affect soil processes supporting vegetative growth and potential productivity. Results from installations with >= 5 years of response were presented on the 10th anniversary of LTSP, and the latest findings are assembled here. This paper describes the evolution of the study and the characteristics of the oldest field installations. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Powers, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM bpowers@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1139/X05-279 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000001 ER PT J AU Fleming, RL Powers, RF Foster, NW Kranabetter, JM Scott, DA Ponder, F Berch, S Chapman, WK Kabzems, RD Ludovici, KH Morris, DM Page-Dumroese, DS Sanborn, PT Sanchez, FG Stone, DM Tiarks, AE AF Fleming, Robert L. Powers, Robert F. Foster, Neil W. Kranabetter, J. Marty Scott, D. Andrew Ponder, Felix, Jr. Berch, Shannon Chapman, William K. Kabzems, Richard D. Ludovici, Kim H. Morris, David M. Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Sanborn, Paul T. Sanchez, Felipe G. Stone, Douglas M. Tiarks, Allan E. TI Effects of organic matter removal, soil compaction, and vegetation control on 5-year seedling performance: a regional comparison of Long-Term Soil Productivity sites SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL; PONDEROSA PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; COASTAL-PLAIN AB We examined fifth-year seedling response to soil disturbance and vegetation control at 42 experimental locations representing 25 replicated studies within the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) program. These studies share a common experimental design while encompassing a wide range of climate, site conditions, and forest types. Whole-tree harvest had limited effects on planted seedling performance compared with the effects of stem-only harvest (the control); slight increases in survival were usually offset by decreases in growth. Forest-floor removal improved seedling survival and increased growth in Mediterranean climates, but reduced growth on productive, nutrient-limited, warm-humid sites. Soil compaction with intact forest floors usually benefited conifer survival and growth, regardless of climate or species. Compaction combined with forest-floor removal generally increased survival, had limited effects on individual tree growth, and increased stand growth in Mediterranean climates. Vegetation control benefited seedling growth in all treatments, particularly on more productive sites, but did not affect survival or alter the relative impact of organic matter removal and compaction on growth. Organic matter removal increased aspen coppice densities and, as with compaction, reduced aspen growth. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. USDA ARS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. British Columbia Minist Forest, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada. USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. British Columbia Minist Forests, Res Branch Lab, Victoria, BC V8Z 5J3, Canada. British Columbia Minist Forest, So Interior Forest Reg, Williams Lake, BC V2G 4T1, Canada. British Columbia Minist Forests, No Interior Forest Reg, Dawson Creek, BC V1G 4A4, Canada. USDA, Forest SErv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lakehead Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ctr No Forest Ecosyst Res, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC VN2 4Z9, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Fleming, RL (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr,1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM roflemin@nrcan.gc.ca OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 87 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 529 EP 550 DI 10.1139/X05-271 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000002 ER PT J AU Page-Dumroese, DS Jurgensen, MF Tiarks, AE Ponder, F Sanchez, FG Fleming, RL Kranabetter, JM Powers, RF Stone, DM Elioff, JD Scott, DA AF Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Jurgensen, Martin F. Tiarks, Allan E. Ponder, Felix, Jr. Sanchez, Felipe G. Fleming, Robert L. Kranabetter, J. Marty Powers, Robert F. Stone, Douglas M. Elioff, John D. Scott, D. Andrew TI Soil physical property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RADIATA PINE FORESTS; BULK-DENSITY; ASPEN DEVELOPMENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FLOOR REMOVAL; SANDY SOILS; SKID TRAILS; GROWTH; VARIABILITY AB The impact of forest management operations on soil physical properties is important to understand, since management can significantly change site productivity by altering root growth potential, water infiltration and soil erosion, and water and nutrient availability. We studied soil bulk density and strength changes as indicators of soil compaction before harvesting and 1 and 5 years after harvest and site treatment on 12 of the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity sites. Severe soil compaction treatments approached root-limiting bulk densities for each soil texture, while moderate compaction levels were between severe and preharvest values. Immediately after harvesting, soil bulk density on the severely compacted plots ranged from 1% less than to 58% higher than preharvest levels across all sites. Soil compaction increases were noticeable to a depth of 30 cm. After 5 years, bulk density recovery on coarse-textured soils was evident in the surface (0-10 cm) soil, but recovery was less in the subsoil (10-30 cm depth); fine-textured soils exhibited little recovery. When measured as a percentage, initial bulk density increases were greater on fine-textured soils than on coarser-textured soils and were mainly due to higher initial bulk density values in coarse-textured soils. Development of soil monitoring methods applicable to all soil types may not be appropriate, and more site-specific techniques may be needed for soil monitoring after disturbance. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Lincoln Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. British Columbia Minist Forests, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Page-Dumroese, DS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ddumroese@fs.fed.us OI Scott, D. Andrew/0000-0002-2592-1522 NR 68 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1139/S05-273 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000003 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG Tiarks, AE Kranabetter, JM Page-Dumroese, DS Powers, RF Sanborn, PT Chapman, WK AF Sanchez, Felipe G. Tiarks, Allan E. Kranabetter, J. Marty Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Powers, Robert F. Sanborn, Paul T. Chapman, William K. TI Effects of organic matter removal and soil compaction on fifth-year mineral soil carbon and nitrogen contents for sites across the United States and Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; DECOMPOSITION; TURNOVER; CAROLINA; SORPTION; ROOT AB This study describes the main treatment effects of organic matter removal and compaction and a split-plot effect of competition control on mineral soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Treatment effects on soil C and N pools are discussed for 19 sites across five locations (British Columbia, Northern Rocky Mountains, Pacific Southwest, and Atlantic and Gulf coasts) that are part of the Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) network and were established over 5 years ago. The sites cover a broad range of soil types, climatic conditions, and tree species. Most sites showed increased soil C and N levels 5 years after study establishment; however, the rate and magnitude of the changes varied between sites. Organic matter removal, compaction, or competition control did not significantly affect soil C and N contents at any site, except for the Northern Rocky Mountain site, where competition control significantly affected soil C and N contents. The observation that, after 5 years, the soil C and N contents were not negatively affected by even the extreme treatments demonstrates the high resiliency of the soil, at least in the short term, to forest management perturbations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. British Columbia Minist Forest, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. British Columbia Minist Forests, So Interior Forest Reg, Williams Lake, BC V2G 4T1, Canada. RP Sanchez, FG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1139/X05-259 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000004 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Beattie, SE Powers, RF Sanchez, FG Tiarks, AE AF Busse, MD Beattie, SE Powers, RF Sanchez, FG Tiarks, AE TI Microbial community responses in forest mineral soil to compaction, organic matter removal, and vegetation control SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLEAR-CUT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; PONDEROSA PINE; PORE-SPACE; BIOMASS; POPULATIONS AB We tested three disturbance hypotheses in young conifer plantations: H-1: soil compaction and removal of surface organic matter produces sustained changes in microbial community size, activity, and structure in mineral soil; H-2: microbial community characteristics in mineral soil are linked to the recovery of plant diversity; and H-3: community responses are strongly modified by regional climate. Microbial biomass, respiration, carbon utilization, and phospholipid fatty acids were compared at two subtropical installations and one Mediterranean-type climate installation of the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study. Treatments included combinations of compaction (none vs. severe), organic matter removal (none vs. complete), and weed control (none vs. complete), plus an uncut reference stand. Weed control resulted in the only consistent decline or shift in microbial indices at the subtropical sites. At the Mediterranean-type climate site, overstory harvesting resulted in declines in microbial biomass, respiration, and fungal phospholipid fatty acids that far outweighed the effects of the soil disturbance treatments. Severe compaction had no effect on community size or activity at any site. Microbial communities were generally tolerant of postharvest soil disturbance, leading to a rejection of the experimental hypotheses, with the exception of a link between microorganisms and recovery of plant diversity (H-2) at the subtropical sites. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1139/X05-294 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000005 ER PT J AU Cline, RG Ragus, J Hogan, GD Maynard, DG Foster, NW Terry, TA Heninger, RL Campbell, RG Carter, MC AF Cline, RG Ragus, J Hogan, GD Maynard, DG Foster, NW Terry, TA Heninger, RL Campbell, RG Carter, MC TI Policies and practices to sustain soil productivity: perspectives from the public and private sectors SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SITE PRODUCTIVITY; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; FORESTS; INDICATORS; STANDARDS; EXAMPLE AB The USDA Forest Service, the Canadian Forest Service, and US and Canadian forest products industries are committed to the principles of sustainable forestry with a major focus on protecting soil productivity. The USDA Forest Service has developed and adopted soil quality standards to evaluate the effects of forest use and management activities on forest soils and, if necessary, prescribe remedial or preventive actions to avoid adverse impacts on soil productivity. Similarly, the Canadian Forest Service has adopted a series of criteria and indicators with which to monitor the impacts of management on soil resources. The policies of both public agencies reflect the recommendations of the Montreal Process Working Group (1999). Many forest industries have adopted the Sustainable Forestry Initiative developed by the American Forest and Paper Association (2000). Standards of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative clearly state the vision and direction for achieving sustainable forest management, goals, and objectives to be attained and performance measures for judging whether a goal or objective has been achieved. However, both public and private entities recognize that current standards, criteria, and indicators represent first approximations. Continuing revision and adjustment based on information from long-term research studies are vital to protecting soil productivity while deriving optimum public benefits from our forest-based resources. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, R&D, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Springfield, OR 97478 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, New Bern, NC 28563 USA. RP Carter, MC (reprint author), 1907 Canopy Court, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. EM masoncarter@comcast.net NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 615 EP 625 DI 10.1139/X05-266 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000008 ER PT J AU Brose, PH Waldrop, TA AF Brose, PH Waldrop, TA TI Fire and the origin of Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AGE STRUCTURE; PUNGENS; FORESTS; HISTORY; MAINTENANCE; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY; INTENSITY; STANDS; SEED AB The prevalence of stand-replacing fire in the formation of Table Mountain pine - pitch pine (Pinus pungens Lamb. andPinus rigida Mill., respectively) communities was investigated with dendrochronological techniques. Nine stands in Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee were analyzed for age structure, species recruitment trends, and radial growth patterns to determine whether they had originated as a result of stand-replacing fires. The oldest pines date from the late 1700s or early 1800s. Continuous or frequent episodic pine regeneration from those times to the early to mid 1900s was evident at all sites. During the first half of the 20th century, all sites experienced large surges in pine regeneration. However, no clear evidence of stand-replacing wildfires could be definitively linked to these surges. Rather, the regeneration appeared to have been caused by noncatastrophic surface fires and canopy disturbances occurring together or by the cessation of a frequent fire regime. For the past 25-50 years, there has been little pine regeneration at any of the sites. Restoring the dual disturbance regime of periodic fires and canopy disturbances should help sustain Table Mountain pine - pitch pine communities in southern Appalachian Mountains landscapes. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Brose, PH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ne Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM pbrose@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 710 EP 718 DI 10.1139/X05-281 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000017 ER PT J AU Gomi, T Johnson, AC Deal, RL Hennon, PE Orlikowska, EH Wipfli, MS AF Gomi, Takashi Johnson, Adelaide C. Deal, Robert L. Hennon, Paul E. Orlikowska, Ewa H. Wipfli, Mark S. TI Factors affecting distribution of wood, detritus, and sediment in headwater streams draining managed young-growth red alder - conifer forests in southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; OLD-GROWTH; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; RIPARIAN FORESTS; FISH HABITAT; ALNUS-RUBRA; CLEAR-CUT AB Factors (riparian stand condition, management regimes, and channel properties) affecting distributions of wood, detritus (leaves and branches), and sediment were examined in headwater streams draining young-growth red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) - conifer riparian forests (< 40 years old) in southeast Alaska. More riparian red alder were found along streams affected by both timber harvesting and mass movement than in streams affected by timber harvesting alone. Young-growth stands produced little large wood material (diameter >= 10 cm) and had little effect on altering the size distribution of functional large wood in channels, although more alder wood pieces were found in streams with greater numbers of riparian alder trees. Legacy wood pieces (> 40 years old) remained in channels and provided sites for sediment and organic matter storage. Despite various alder-conifer mixtures and past harvesting effects, the abundance of large wood, fine wood, and detritus accumulations significantly decreased with increasing channel bank-full width ( 0.5-3.5 m) along relatively short channel distances (up to 700 m). Changes in wood, detritus, and sediment accumulations together with changes in riparian stand characteristics create spatial and temporal variability of in-channel conditions in headwater systems. A component of alder within young-growth riparian forests may benefit both wood production and biological recovery in disturbed headwater stream channels. C1 Kyoto Univ, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Geo Hazards Div, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, USGS Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gomi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Geo Hazards Div, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM gomi@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Gomi, Takashi/E-3504-2010 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1139/X05-272 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000019 ER PT J AU Hanley, TA Deal, RL Orlikowska, EH AF Hanley, TA Deal, RL Orlikowska, EH TI Relations between red alder composition and understory vegetation in young mixed forests of southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BLACK-TAILED DEER; WESTERN HEMLOCK FORESTS; SITKA SPRUCE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; OLD-GROWTH; HEADWATER STREAMS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; RIPARIAN FORESTS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR AB Interest in mixed red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) - conifer young-growth stands has grown in southeast Alaska, USA, because they appear to provide much more productive understory vegetation and wildlife habitat than do similar-aged pure conifer stands. We studied understory vegetation in nine even-aged young-growth stands (38-42 years old) comprising a gradient of red alder - conifer overstory composition, with red alder ranging from 0% to 86% of stand basal area. Conifers were Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). We measured understory biomass and net production (current annual growth) in each stand by species and plant part and estimated carrying capacity for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Cowan) with a food-based habitat model. Highly significant positive relations (P < 0.002) were found between red alder basal area and all of the following: total understory biomass (r(2) = 0.743), net production of shrubs (r(2) = 0.758) and herbs (r(2) = 0.855), and summer carrying capacity for deer (r(2) = 0.846). The high correlation between red alder and herbaceous production is especially important, because herbs are least abundant and most difficult to maintain in young-growth conifer forests of this region. Red alder offers prospects for increasing understory vegetation biomass and its food value for deer and other wildlife when included as a hardwood overstory species in mixed hardwood-conifer young-growth forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Hanley, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2-A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM thanley@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 738 EP 748 DI 10.1139/X05-290 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000020 ER PT J AU Coulston, JW Riitters, KH McRoberts, RE Reams, GA Smith, WD AF Coulston, John W. Riitters, Kurt H. McRoberts, Ronald E. Reams, Greg A. Smith, William D. TI True versus perturbed forest inventory plot locations for modeling: a simulation study SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plot information is widely used for timber inventories, forest health assessments, and environmental risk analyses. With few exceptions, true plot locations are not revealed; the plot coordinates are manipulated to obscure the location of field plots and thereby preserve plot integrity. The influence of perturbed plot locations on the development and accuracy of statistical models is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the influence is related to the spatial structure of the data used in the models. For ordinary kriging we examined the difference in mean square error based on true and perturbed plot locations across a range of spatial autocorrelations. We also examined the difference in mean square error for regression models developed with true and perturbed plot locations across a range of spatial autocorrelations and spatial resolutions. Perturbing plot locations did not significantly influence the accuracy of kriging estimates, but in some situations linear regression model development and accuracy were significantly influenced. Unless the independent variable has high spatial autocorrelation, only coarse spatial resolution data should be used to develop linear regression models. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington Off, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Coulston, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jcoulston@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1139/X05-265 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040YN UT WOS:000237418000025 ER PT J AU McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH AF McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH TI Heterologous expression of two trichothecene P450 genes in Fusarium verticillioides SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichothecene; P450 oxygenase; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; heterologous expression ID T-2 TOXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; ENCODES; C-8; GRAMINEARUM; ESTERASE; MUTANTS; TRI1 AB Fusarium graminearian Z-3639 and F. sporotrichioides NRRL3299 produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin, respectively. These toxins differ in oxygenation at C-4, C-7, and C-8. In F. sporotrichioides, Tri1 (FsTri1) controls C-8 hydroxylation. To determine the function of an apparent F. graminearum Tri1 (FgTri1) homolog, both FsTri1 and FgTri1 genes were heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species F. verticillioides by fusing the Tri1 coding regions to the promoter of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene FUM8. FsTri1 and FgTri1 have been partially characterized by disruption analysis, and the results from these analyses suggest that FsTri1 most likely has a single function but that FgTri1 may have two functions. Transgenic F verticillioides carrying the FsTri1 (FvF8FsTri1) converted exogenous isotrichodermin and calonectrin to 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin and 8-hydroxycalonectrin, respectively. Transgenic F verticillioides carrying FgTri1 (FvF8FgTri1) converted isotrichodermin to a mixture of 7-hydroxyisotrichodermin and 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin but converted calonectrin to a Mixture of 7-hydroxycalonectrin, 8-hydroxycalonectrin, and 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol. A fourth compound, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, was identified in large-scale F. verticillioides FvF8FgTri1 cultures fed isotrichodermin. Our results indicate that FgTri1 controls both C-7 and C-8 hydroxylation but that FsTri1 controls only C-8 hydroxylation. Our studies also demonstrate that F verticillioides can metabolize some trichothecenes by adding an acetyl group to C-3 or by removing acetyl groups from C-4 or C-15. In addition, wild-type F verticillioides can convert 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin to 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP McCormick, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mccormsp@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1139/W05-124 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 039EU UT WOS:000237289600006 PM 16604118 ER PT J AU Wu, X Wang, D Bean, SR Wilson, JP AF Wu, X Wang, D Bean, SR Wilson, JP TI Ethanol production from pearl millet using Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; FUEL ETHANOL; CORN; FERMENTATION; ALCOHOL; TRITICALE; SORGHUM; RYE; FEEDSTOCK; SOLUBLES AB Four pearl millet genotypes were tested for their potential as raw material for fuel ethanol production in this study. Ethanol fermentation was performed both in flasks on a rotary shaker and in a 5-L bioreactor using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24860). For rotary-shaker fermentation, the final ethanol yields were 8.7-16.8% (v/v) at dry mass concentrations of 20-35%, and the ethanol fermentation efficiencies were 90.0-95.6%. Ethanol Fermentation efficiency at 30% dry mass on a 5-L bioreactor reached 94.2%, which was greater than that from fermentation in the rotary shaker (92.9%). Results showed that the fermentation efficiencies of pearl millets, on a starch basis, were comparable to those of corn and grain sorghum. Because pearl millets have greater protein and lipid contents, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from pearl millets also had greater protein content and energy levels than did DDGS from corn and grain sorghum. Therefore, pearl millets could be a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in areas too dry to grow corn and grain sorghum. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0127 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030AR UT WOS:000236606000002 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Gregorski, KS Cao, TK AF Robertson, GH Gregorski, KS Cao, TK TI Changes in secondary protein structures during mixing development of high absorption (90%) flour and water mixtures SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PROLAMIN STORAGE PROTEINS; WHEAT-FLOUR; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; GLUTENIN POLYMERS; DOUGH; SPECTRA; CONFORMATION; FTIR; CRYSTALLINE AB Wheat flour and water mixtures at 90% absorption (dry flour basis) prepared at various mixing times were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained using a horizontal attenuated total reflection (ATR) trough plate. The apparent amount of protein and starch on the surface of the dough varied with mixing time but this was likely due to the polyphasic nature of the substrate and the changing particle distributions as the batter matrix was developed. Deconvolution of the Amide I band revealed contributions from alpha helical, beta-turn, beta-strand, beta-sheet, and random conformations. The ratio of beta-sheet to nonshect conformations reached its greatest value about the same time that the mixture was most effectively separated by a laboratory-scale, cold-ethanol-based method but before the peak consistency measured by a microfarinograph. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 51 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0136 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030AR UT WOS:000236606000004 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Berrios, JD Smith, GE Pan, JL AF Kahlon, TS Berrios, JD Smith, GE Pan, JL TI Extrusion conditions modify hypocholesterolemic properties of wheat bran fed to hamsters SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; LOWERS PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; OAT BRAN; RICE BRAN; WHOLE WHEAT; FED RATS; LIVER; SERUM; COOKING AB Wheat bran was extruded in a twin-screw extruder at five specific mechanical energy (SME) levels (0.120, 0.177, 0.234, 0.291, and 0.358 kWh/kg, dwb) and the cholesterol-lowering effects were compared with those of unprocessed wheat bran when fed to four-week-old male golden Syrian hamsters (n = 10/treatment) for three weeks. Diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 10.3% fat, 3% nitrogen, and 0.4% cholesterol. Plasma total cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower with 0.120 kWh/kg extruded wheat bran diet compared with the unextruded wheat bran control. Total triglycerides were significantly lower with 0.120 and 0.177 kWh/kg wheat bran diets compared with those fed 0.291 and 0.358 kWh/kg extruded wheat bran diets. Cholesterol digestibility, total liver cholesterol, and total liver lipids were significantly lower with all the extruded wheat bran diets compared with the unextruded wheat bran control. Cholesterol digestibility for the 0.291 kWh/kg wheat bran diet was also significantly lower than all other extruded diets. Significantly more sterols were excreted with diets containing 0.291 and 0.358 kWh/kg extruded wheat bran compared with the unextruded wheat bran control. Wheat bran extruded with 0.291 kWh/kg diet resulted in a 13% reduction in plasma cholesterol and a 29% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Considering lowest cholesterol digestibility, significantly higher sterol excretion, desirable plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profile, significantly lower liver weight, total liver lipids, and liver cholesterol, the wheat bran extruded at 0.291 kWh/kg appeared to have the most desirable healthful potential. Data suggest that cholesterol-lowering potential of wheat bran could be enhanced by optimizing the energy input used in the extrusion process. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0152 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030AR UT WOS:000236606000006 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Berrios, JD Smith, GE Pan, JL AF Kahlon, TS Berrios, JD Smith, GE Pan, JL TI In vitro bile acid binding capacity of wheat bran extruded at five specific mechanical energy levels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC PROPERTIES; EXTRUSION-COOKING; DIETARY FIBER; CHOLESTEROL; SALTS; OAT; CHOLESTYRAMINE; EXCRETION; HAMSTERS; INVITRO AB The in vitro binding of bile acids of extruded wheat bran (EWB) at five specific mechanical energy (SME) levels of 120 (EWB-120), 177 (EWB-177), 234 (EWB-234), 291 (EWB-291), and 358 (EWB-358) Wh/kg on a dry weight basis, was determined using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile at a duodenal physiological pH 6.3. Experiments were conducted using six treatments and two blank incubations to test unextruded and extruded wheat bran samples oil ail equal (try matter (DM) basis. Relative to cholestyramine (bile acid binding, cholesterol-lowering drug), in vitro bile acid binding ability of unextruded and extruded wheat bran treatments on ail equal DM basis was 14-23%. The bile acid binding ability of the total dietary Fiber (TDF) was 28-51% and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was 29-53%. Bile acid binding oil DM, TDF, and IDF bases for EWB-177 was significantly (P <= 0.05) higher, and EWB-358 was significantly lower than UWB, EWB-120, EWB-234,and EWB-291. Bile acid binding for EWB-120 was significantly higher than that for UWB, EWB-234, and EWB-291. These results demonstrate the relative health promoting potential of EWB-177 > EWB-120 > UWB = WB-234 = EWB-291 > EWB-358 as indicated by bile acid binding ability oil DM, TDF, and IDF bases. The variability in bile acid binding of' wheat bran treatments may be due to fragmenting of particles or macromolecules, creating new linkages in proteins, starches, and nonstarch polysaccharides, changes in physical and chemical characteristics, and binding sites. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 83 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1094/CC-83-0157 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 030AR UT WOS:000236606000007 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Krishnan, PG AF Rosentrater, KA Krishnan, PG TI Incorporating distillers grains in food products SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID WHITE WINTER-WHEAT; DRIED GRAINS; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; SENSORY EVALUATION; STORAGE STABILITY; BAKED PRODUCTS; BLENDED FOODS; BY-PRODUCTS; CORN; SOLUBLES C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM krosentr@ngirl.ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 52 EP + DI 10.1094/CFW-51-0052 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 037EO UT WOS:000237129700001 ER PT J AU Staub, RE Onisko, B Bjeldanes, LF AF Staub, RE Onisko, B Bjeldanes, LF TI Fate of 3,3 '-diindolylmethane in cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; INDOLE-3-CARBINOL; 3-METHYLINDOLE; TAMOXIFEN; ESTROGEN; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; INHIBITION; DIINDOLYLMETHANE; RESVERATROL AB 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a major in vivo product of the cancer preventative agent indole-3-carbinol that is found in vegetables of the genus Brassica. Here, we report on the metabolic fate of radiolabeled DIM in MCF-7 cells. DIM was slowly metabolized to several sulfate conjugates of oxidized DIM products that were primarily detected in the medium. The radioactivity detected in cells was predominantly unmodified DIM (81-93%) at all time intervals up to 72 h treatment. Co-treatment of MCF-7 cells with quercetin slowed the rate that oxidized DIM products accumulated in the medium, while indole[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ) co-treatment accelerated their production. ICZ is an inducer of P450 1A2, while quercetin is a specific inhibitor of this isoform, suggesting that P450 1A2 is primarily responsible for the oxidation of DIM, probably through 2,3-epoxidation similar to 3-methylindole. Sulfate conjugates of oxidized DIM metabolites were cleaved by sulfatase digestion and identified by LC/MS as 3-(1H-indole-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxindole (2-ox-DIM), bis(1H-indol-3-yl)methanol (3-methylenehydroxy-DIM), 3-[hydroxy-(1H-indol-3-yl)-methyl]-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindole (3-methylenehydroxy-2-ox-DIM), and 3-hydroxy-3-(1H-indole-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxindole (3-hydroxy-2-ox-DIM). Derivatives of 2-ox-DIM represented greater than 30% of the radioactivity in the sulfatase-digested medium. Although oxindole formation was the primary metabolic pathway in MCF-7 cells, synthetic 2-ox-DIM was inactive in a 4-ERE-luciferase reporter assay and, therefore, probably not responsible for the estrogenic activity previously observed for DIM. Unmodified DIM rapidly accumulated in the nuclear membranes representing approximately 35-40% of the radioactivity after 0.5-2 h treatment. Uptake of radiolabeled DIM appeared to be a passive partitioning into the nuclear membranes and was not dependent upon the cell cytosol. The nuclear uptake of DIM was not saturable and could not be blocked by pretreatment with unlabeled DIM (100 mu M). Further, treatments in serum-free medium increased the uptake of radiolabeled DIM by the MCF-7 cells. These findings show that the uptake of DIM by membranes significantly increases its localized concentration, which may contribute to its biological activities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bjeldanes, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lfb@nature.berkeley.edu OI Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA69056]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32 ES07075] NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 19 IS 3 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1021/tx050325z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 028BE UT WOS:000236459700013 PM 16544949 ER PT J AU Thoss, V Byers, JA AF Thoss, V Byers, JA TI Monoterpene chemodiversity of ponderosa pine in relation to herbivory and bark beetle colonization SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-pinene; limonene; induction; Ips lecontei; bark beetles; ungulate browsing; Pinus ponderosa ID 2 CHEMICAL ELICITORS; METHYL JASMONATE; NORWAY SPRUCE; XYLEM RESIN; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TERPENOID ACCUMULATION; ANTENNAL RESPONSES; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; CONIFER DEFENSE; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws. (Pinaceae), forests in Arizona have suffered from a nine-year period of drought and bark beetle, Ips lecontei Swaine (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), outbreaks. Abiotic and biotic stress in ponderosa pine results in the induced synthesis of certain monoterpenes that may in turn affect bark beetle behavior and survival. In this study, we investigate whether induced monoterpene production could result in a different monoterpene composition that remains stored in the needles or the trunk resin of the tree. Needle and resin samples in addition to trunk cores were collected from ponderosa pines at three locations in Arizona. Ungulate browsing induced a significant increase in limonene (P=0.010) and in chemodiversity (P=0.009), a measure of the evenness of distribution among the monoterpenes present in needles. We compared the level of 'stress' of the trees by measuring the thickness of annual rings in living trees and those that were killed by bark beetles. Where drought occurred, the spacing of annual rings from the last 10 years of trees killed by bark beetles was significantly smaller (P=0.020) compared to living trees. There was no difference in the monoterpene composition between the core sections of closest spacing of annual rings (stressed years) compared to the sections of widest spacing, which indicates that monoterpenes are distributed evenly throughout the extended resin system. In the area where the degree of drought was less overall, none of the individual monoterpenes present in the resin was related to bark beetle killed trees. However, about half the living pines had resin in which one of the major monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, Delta(3)-carene, and limonene) was absent, and these trees had a lower monoterpene chemodiversity compared to trees killed by bark beetles. Trees with these three major monoterpenes, corresponding to the average relative proportion in living pines at that location, may sustain higher selection and colonization by bark beetles. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Aberdeen AB11 7SE, Scotland. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov OI Thoss, Vera/0000-0003-0915-5108 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00049-005-0331-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 018HF UT WOS:000235754300008 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, RS AF Chow, AT Guo, FM Gao, SD Breuer, RS TI Size and XAD fractionations of trihalomethane precursors from soils SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE colloidal organic carbon; dissolved organic carbon; peat soil; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; salt effects ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; THM PRECURSOR; PEAT SOILS; MATTER; WATER; RELEASE; BIODEGRADABILITY; CALIFORNIA; KINETICS AB Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon is important for developing effective strategies for organic carbon removal in drinking water treatment. In this study, soil organic carbon was extracted with electrolytes (deionized H2O and Na- or Ca-based electrolytes) of electrical conductivity bracketing those found in Delta leaching and runoff conditions. The extracts were physically and chemically separated into different fractions: colloidal organic carbon (0.45-0.1 mu m), fine colloidal organic carbon (0.1-0.025 mu m), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (< 0.025 mu m); hydrophobic acid (HPOA), transphilic acid, and hydrophilic acid. Two representative Delta soils, Rindge Muck (a peat soil) and Scribner Clay Loam (a mineral soil) were examined. Results showed that less than 2% of soil organic carbon was electrolyte-extractable and heterogeneous organic fractions with distinct THM reactivity existed. Regardless of soil and electrolytes, DOC and HPOA fractions were dominant in terms of total concentration and THMFP. The amounts of extractable organic carbon and THMFP were dependent on the cation and to a lesser extent on electrical conductivity of electrolytes. Along with our previous study on temperature and moisture effects on DOC production, we propose a conceptual model to describe the impacts of agricultural practices on DOC production in the Delta. DOC is mainly produced in the surface peat soils during the summer and is immobilized by accumulated salt in the soils. DOC is leached from soils to drainage ditches and finally to the Delta channels during winter salt leaching practices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Off Water Qual, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Environm Water Qual & Estuarine Studies, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. RP Chow, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atchow@ucdavis.edu RI Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [K12GM00679] NR 32 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1636 EP 1646 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.039 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027GM UT WOS:000236402800009 PM 16095666 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Thacker, TC Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Lyashchenk, KP AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Thacker, TC Greenwald, R Esfandiari, J Lyashchenk, KP TI Effects of different tuberculin skin-testing regimens on gamma interferon and antibody responses in cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CROSS-REACTIVITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; ANTIGENS; BCG; SENSITIVITY; ELISA; PPD; IMMUNOASSAY AB Although tuberculin skin testing has been a hallmark of bovine tuberculosis eradication campaigns, it lacks sensitivity, can be confounded by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria, and cannot be repeated for 60 days due to desensitization. To overcome these difficulties, an effective whole-blood cellular immunoassay for bovine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) has been developed. The IFN-gamma test is commonly used in conjunction with tuberculin skin testing as a confirmatory test following a positive response to the caudal fold test (CFT). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different tuberculin skin-testing regimens on IFN-gamma and antibody production by using calves that were experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Holstein calves were CFT tested 60 days after inoculation and the comparative cervical test (CCT) was conducted 7 (7-day CCT) or 55 (55-day CCT) days after the CFT. In both the 7-day CCT and 55-day CCT groups, IFN-gamma responses increased 3 days after the CFT; this was immediately followed by a decrease to pre-skin test levels 7 days after the CFT. In both groups, the application of the CCT at 7 or 55 days after the CFT resulted in no significant increase in IFN-gamma production. The administration of the CFT and the CCT to M. bovis-inoculated cattle boosted antibody responses to M. bovis PPD, rMPB83, ESAT-6, and the fusion protein Acr1-MPB83. The boosting effect was more pronounced in the 55-day CCT group. Increases in either IFN-gamma or antibody production were not seen in noninoculated cattle. Measurement of both IFN-gamma and antibody responses after skin testing may be useful in identifying M. bovis-infected cattle; however, the timing of collection of such samples may influence interpretation. C1 ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, NY USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.3.387-394.2006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 029WX UT WOS:000236596200013 PM 16522782 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL TI Development and application of reference antisera against 15 hemagglutinin subtypes of influenza virus by DNA vaccination of chickens SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; VACCINES; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB Reference antisera were produced against 15 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes using DNA vaccination to produce a high-quality polyclonal serum to the RA protein without antibodies to other influenza viral proteins. The HA gene from each of 15 different HA subtypes of influenza virus was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and injected intramuscularly, together with a cationic lipid, into 3- to 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Birds were boostered twice at 4-week intervals after the initial injection, and in general, antibody titers increased after each boost. The antisera were successfully applied in the hemagglutination inhibition test, which is the standard method for the classification of the RA subtypes of influenza virus. We also demonstrated the RA specificity of the antisera by Western blot and immunodot blot analysis. DNA vaccination also provides a safer alternative for the production of RA-specific antibodies, since it is produced without the use of live virus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dsuarez@seprl.usda.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 13 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1128/CVI.13.3.395-402.2006 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 029WX UT WOS:000236596200014 PM 16522783 ER PT J AU Lara, PN Stadler, WM Longmate, J Quinn, DI Wexler, J Van Loan, M Twardowski, P Gumerlock, PH Vogelzang, NJ Vokes, EE Lenz, HJ Doroshow, JH Gandara, DR AF Lara, PN Stadler, WM Longmate, J Quinn, DI Wexler, J Van Loan, M Twardowski, P Gumerlock, PH Vogelzang, NJ Vokes, EE Lenz, HJ Doroshow, JH Gandara, DR TI A randomized phase II trial of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BMS-275291 in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with bone metastases SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID BREAST-CANCER; MARKERS; MITOXANTRONE; TURNOVER; PREDNISONE; EXPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; DOCETAXEL; CARCINOMA AB Background: BMS-275291 is a selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) that does not inhibit sheddases implicated in the dose-limiting arthritis of older MMPIs. We conducted a randomized phase II trial of two doses of BMS-275291 (1,200 versus 2,400 mg) in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients with bone metastases to probe for a dose-response relationship and to assess differential toxicities. Serial serum and urine specimens were collected to assess for markers of bone metabolism. Methods: The primary end point was 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). Eligibility criteria included documentation of androgen-independent disease (including anti-androgen withdrawal), skeletal metastasis, adequate end-organ function and performance status, and no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen. Patients were randomized to 1,200 mg orally once daily (arm A) or 1,200 mg orally twice daily (arm B). Response was assessed every 56 days. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled: 39 in arm A and 41 in arm B. There were no responders by prostate-specific antigen or measurable disease to treatment. Stable disease was noted at 8 weeks in 39% of patients in arm A and in 17% of patients in arm B. Progression of disease at 8 weeks was seen in 39% of patients in arm A versus 83% of patients in arm B. Median survival time was 21.6 months (95% confidence interval, 17.5; not reached), whereas median PFS time was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval 1.74; 2) for all patients. Patients in arm A had a median survival time that was not reached, whereas patients on arm B has a median survival time of 21 months (P = 0.2). PFS at 4 months favored arm A: 22% versus 10% (log-rank, P = 0.008). Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 5 (13%) patients in arm A and in 9 (22%) patients in arm B. Grade 4 toxicities were uncommon (only 4% of patients): one each of thrombosis, fatigue, and motor neuropathy was seen in the arm B. Bone marker studies showed that baseline serum levels of N-telopeptide, osteocalcin, procollagen I NH2-terminal propeptide, and PICP had prognostic significance for PFS and/or overall survival. Conclusions: Regardless of dose schedule, BMS-275291 was well tolerated in HRPC patients and had no dose-limiting arthritis. Toxicities differed modestly according to the dose schedule employed. As overall survival and PFS favored the once daily schedule, this dose schedule is recommended for future studies. Baseline markers of bone metabolism may have prognostic value in HRPC patients with bone metastases. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USDA, Davis, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Vet Adm No Calif, Mather AFB, CA USA. RP Lara, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, 4501 X St,Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM primo.lara@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Quinn, David/F-4343-2015; OI Quinn, David/0000-0002-1411-0417; Longmate, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0869-7928 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2074 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 021MT UT WOS:000235988000022 PM 16533781 ER PT J AU Robayo-Torres, CC Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL AF Robayo-Torres, CC Quezada-Calvillo, R Nichols, BL TI Disaccharide digestion: Clinical and molecular aspects SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE; INTESTINAL SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITOR SALACINOL; PHLORIZIN HYDROLASE; MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE; LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Sugars normally are absorbed in the small intestine. When carbohydrates are malabsorbed, the osmotic load produced by the high amount of low molecular weight sugars and partially digested starches in the small intestine can cause symptoms of intestinal distention, rapid peristalsis, and diarrhea. Colonic bacteria normally metabolize proximally malabsorbed dietary carbohydrate through fermentation to small fatty acids and gases (ie, hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide). When present in large amounts, the malabsorbed sugars and starches can be excreted in the stool. Sugar intolerance is the presence of abdominal symptoms related to the proximal or distal malabsorption of dietary carbohydrates. The symptoms consist of meal-related abdominal cramps and distention, increased flatulence, borborygmus, and diarrhea. Infants and young children with carbohydrate malabsorption show more intense symptoms than adults; the passage of undigested carbohydrates through the colon is more rapid and is associated with detectable carbohydrates in copious watery acid stools. Dehydration often follows feeding of the offending sugar. In this review we present the clinical and current molecular aspects of disaccharidase digestion. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. UASLP, Fac Ciencias Quim, CIEP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bnichols@bcm.tmc.edu NR 112 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 4 IS 3 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.023 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 023AF UT WOS:000236096700006 PM 16527688 ER PT J AU McClenahan, D Krueger, R Lee, HY Thomas, C Kehrli, ME Czuprynski, C AF McClenahan, D Krueger, R Lee, HY Thomas, C Kehrli, ME Czuprynski, C TI Interleukin-8 expression by mammary gland endothelial and epithelial cells following experimental mastitis infection with E-coli SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE coliform mastitis; interleukin-8; mammary gland; epithelial cell; endothelial cell ID BOVINE PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; COMPLEMENT FRAGMENT C5A; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; NEUTROPHIL MIGRATION; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; IN-VITRO; RECRUITMENT; CHEMOKINES AB Epithelial and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in initiating and controlling the movement of leukocytes into tissues during inflammation through the production of cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). In situ hybridization with an IL-8 riboprobe was used to determine IL-8 mRNA expression by mammary gland epithelial and endothelial cells in cows with experimental Escherichia coli mastitis. Epithelial cells of the gland, especially surrounding the alveoli, had increased IL-8 mRNA levels at all time points at which tissue samples were collected (8, 12, and 24 h) after E. coli challenge. Levels of IL-8 expression in the epithelial cells decreased at 24 h postinfection. IL-8 expression by mammary gland endothelial cells was low, but did increase slightly at 24 h post-infection. Both epithelial and endothelial cells of the mammary gland can contribute to the production of IL-8 that is typically seen in coliform, mastitis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP McClenahan, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcclenahan@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR-MAY PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.03.001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 049AM UT WOS:000237987700005 PM 16675015 ER PT J AU Murakami, A Gallo-Meagher, M Gorbet, DW Meagher, RL AF Murakami, A Gallo-Meagher, M Gorbet, DW Meagher, RL TI Utilizing immunoassays to determine systemic tomato spotted wilt virus infection for elucidating field resistance in peanut SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L.; groundnut; tospovirus; TSWV resistance ID DISEASE PROGRESS; CULTIVARS; TOSPOVIRUS; HYPOGAEA; GEORGIA AB Tomato spotted wilt disease was compared in three peanut cultivars, SunOleic 95R, Southern Runner (S. Runner) and DP-1, at two planting dates (April and May) and row spacings (7.6 and 15.2cm) in a 2-year study in Florida. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected directly using an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in both leaf and root crown tissues throughout the growing season to determine the timing and percentage of infected plants. Under low disease pressure, in harvested samples, more April-planted peanuts were infected with TSWV than May-planted. TSWV infection was not affected by plant spacings regardless of disease pressure. Under low disease pressure, from 60 days after planting (DAP), the most Susceptible cultivar, SunOleic 95R, had a significantly higher percentage of plants with TSWV compared to the more resistant cultivars. Under high disease pressure, TSWV infection was detected earlier (30 DAP), and there was a clear separation of cultivars, with SunOleic 95R showing the highest infection (75%) followed by S. Runner (55%) and then DP-1 (20%). A higher incidence of TSWV in root crowns compared to leaves was observed for all cultivars. A delayed accumulation of TSWV in a cultivar was a reliable indicator of resistance. The field resistance manifested by peanut may be due to factors that decrease TSWV systemic spread resulting in slower TSWV accumulation in root crowns. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Gallo-Meagher, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, POB 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mgmea@ifas.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.04.015 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009ED UT WOS:000235093200007 ER PT J AU Parimi, S Meinke, LJ French, BW Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD AF Parimi, S Meinke, LJ French, BW Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD TI Stability and persistence of aldrin and methyl-parathion resistance in western corn rootworm populations (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE western corn rootworm; Diabrotica; aldrin; methyl-parathion; susceptibility ID NEBRASKA; INSECTICIDES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The susceptibilities of laboratory and field-collected western corn rootworm populations (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) to methyl-parathion and aldrin were estimated by topical application of insecticide during 2002 to determine the stability of resistance in the absence of selective pressures. Most of the laboratory-reared and field-collected populations were significantly resistant to both insecticides. Average LD50 values of laboratory and field-collected populations were 19- and 13-fold greater than the Susceptible population in methyl-parathion bioassays, respectively, and 204- and 125-fold greater in the aldrin bioassays, respectively. The presence of aldrin and methyl-parathion resistance in field-collected Populations strongly Suggests that both resistance traits are stable in the absence of selection pressure and that neither mechanism is associated with a strong fitness disadvantage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Maharastra Hybrid Seeds Co Ltd, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Area Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu NR 26 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2005.04.017 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 009ED UT WOS:000235093200011 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mian, MAR Bouton, JH AF Zhang, Y Mian, MAR Bouton, JH TI Recent molecular and genomic studies on stress tolerance of forage and turf grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; DIFFERENTIAL GENE-EXPRESSION; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA SCHREB.; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; TALL FESCUE TOXICOSIS; WINTER RYE LEAVES; COLD-ACCLIMATION; ABIOTIC STRESS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AB Improvement in stress tolerance of forage and turf grasses is a major breeding goal. Most forage and some turf grasses are grown on marginal lands under stressful environments with minimal inputs. In contrast, current high-input turf grass production systems such as golf courses and lawns are expensive and often environmentally unfriendly. Cultivars with improved stress tolerance are necessary for the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly production systems. Until recently, decades of breeding and selection have resulted in limited improvements of stress tolerance of forage and turf grass species. Recent developments in molecular and genomic sciences suggest new methods to improve stress tolerance in many plants, but compared to major crop plants (e.g., rice [Oryza sativa L.], wheat [Triticum spp.], anti maize [Zea mays L.]), the development of molecular and genomic resources for forage and turf grasses has been limited. In this review, we present an overview of recent molecular and genomic studies aimed at improving stress tolerance of forage and turf grasses, including endophyte grass interactions. Important molecular and genomic resources are now available for some forage and turf grasses, including ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) and fescues (Festuca spp.). Noteworthy progress is being made in improvements of both biotic and abiotic stress tolerances of these grasses, but the challenge is to simplify and streamline the molecular tools and new discoveries for cost-effective and efficient application in forage and turf grass breeding. Stress tolerances of many forage and turf grasses are influenced by their mutualistic association with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes, and this area of research is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu NR 181 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 20 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 497 EP 511 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004.0572 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100001 ER PT J AU Li, BC Bass, WT Cornelius, RL AF Li, BC Bass, WT Cornelius, RL TI Resistance to tobacco black shank in Nicotiana species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARASITICA VAR NICOTIANAE; BIOPHARMACEUTICALS; PLANTS; GENE AB Black shank [caused by Phytophthora parasitica (Dast.) var. nicotianae (B. de Haan) Tucker] is one of the most devastating diseases in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae race 1 is the most damaging race of this fungus. The objective of this study was to identify the Nicotiana species that are resistant to P parasitica var. nicotianae race 1 as part of the effort to develop Nicotiana-based plant varieties for applications in the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs). The roots of approximately 26-d-old growth room-grown plants were inoculated with zoospores of an isolate of P parasitica var. nicotianae race I by a dipping procedure. The percentage of plants that were free of symptoms 10 to 14 d after inoculation was taken as a measure of resistance to the fungus. We evaluated a total of 97 Nicotiana accessions from 37 species from the USDA collection and other sources. Among the 97 accessions, three from N. debneyi Domin, two from N. repanda Willd. ex Lehm., and one each from N. megalosiphon Van Heurck & Mull. Arg., N. plumbaginifolia Viv., N. suaveolens Lehm., and N. sylvestris Speg. & Comes were found to be resistant. Their resistances were further confirmed after they were evaluated for an additional three times. These nine accessions were then challenged by another isolate of race 1. All accessions except for the N. sylvestris accession were found to be resistant. Nicotiana debneyi, N. megalosiphon, and N. suaveolens were not previously reported to be resistant to P parasitica var. nicotianae race 1. Our study indicated that the undomesticated Nicotiana species constitute a rich genetic source for resistance to the tobacco disease black shank. C1 Univ Kentucky, Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Mid S Area Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Li, BC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 554 EP 560 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0027 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100005 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Lu, P Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Lu, P Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT Arelli, PR TI QTLs associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean: Meta-analysis of QTL locations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; SATURATED GENETIC-MAP; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVAL; UNDERLYING RESISTANCE; SIBPAIR LINKAGE; COMPLEX TRAITS; RFLP MARKERS; DNA MARKERS AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is the most important pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the world. A total of 17 quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping papers and 62 marker-QTL associations have been reported for resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean. Conflicting results often occurred. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate evidence for reported marker-QTL associations for resistance to SCN in soybean and (ii) extract relatively reliable and useful information from the reported marker-QTL associations in soybean. A meta-analysis was conducted for QTL locations by comparing the 95% confidence intervals of the reported QTLs. QTLs for different races or different studies were classified into one cluster if their confidence intervals had a region in common. The QTLs of the same cluster may have a shared locus. QTLs for different races or different studies were classified into different clusters if their confidence regions had no region in common and were >= 20 cM away from each other. Different clusters may represent different loci. Reported SCN resistant QTLs were classified into three categories: suggestive, significant, and confirmed. Confirmed QTLs are credible and can be candidates for fine mapping and gene cloning. QTLs on linkage groups (LGs) G, A2, B1, E, and J were classified as confirmed. Two clusters of QTLs were identified on LG G. One of them is rhg1. One cluster of QTLs was identified near the end of LG B1, but one QTL may exist around the middle of LG B1. One cluster of QTLs was identified on LGs A2, E, and J, respectively. QTLs on LGs B2, C1, C2, D1a, D2, L, M, and N were classified into suggestive or significant. Confirmation studies are needed to lend credibility for these QTLs. A relationship between soybean QTLs and SCN races is discussed. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SleperD@missouri.edu NR 48 TC 41 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0036-2 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100010 ER PT J AU Tuna, M Vogel, KP Arumuganathan, K AF Tuna, M Vogel, KP Arumuganathan, K TI Cytogenetic and nuclear DNA content characterization of diploid Bromus erectus and Bromus variegatus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; GENOME SIZE; A-GENOME; B-GENOME; INERMIS; KARYOTYPE; WHEAT; ALLOPOLYPLOIDY; ANGIOSPERMS; EVOLUTION AB Bromus erectus Huds. (erect brome) and B. variegatus M. Bieb. are Eurasian Bromus species that have been tentatively identified as potential progenitors of smooth bromegrass (B. inermis Leyss) which is the principal cultivated bromegrass in North America. The objective of this study was to characterize the genome of diploid accessions of B. erectus (2n = 2x = 14) and R variegatus (2n = 2x = 14) using nuclear DNA content and cytogenetic analysis using Giemsa C-banding. The nuclear DNA content for B. erectus (6.19 +/- 0.08 pg 2C(-1)) was less than that of B. variegatus (6.76 +/- 0.05 pg 2C(-1)). These two species can be distinguished cytogenetically with the karyotypes that were developed. Complete karyotypes were not developed for both species because within species, multiple chromosomes were similar in size and C-banding. Both species had two pairs of chromosomes with satellites but the size of the satellites and the number and position of C-bands on these chromosomes differed between species. Bromus variegatus had five pairs of chromosomes with telomeric C-bands on both arms, while R erectus had four pairs of chromosomes with a single telomeric band on the long arm and a single pair with telomeric bands on both arms. Comparison with the previously reported karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents for tetraploid and octaploid B. inermis suggest that if the diploid species R erectus and B. variegatus were the donor species for these polyploids, significant evolutionary changes have occurred since the initial formation of these species including chromosome loss and re-arrangement. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. Univ Trakya, Dept Agron, Tekirdag Fac Agr, Tekirdag, Turkey. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68507 USA. EM kpv@unlserve.unl.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 637 EP 641 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0178 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100015 ER PT J AU Holland, JB AF Holland, JB TI Estimating genotypic correlations and their standard errors using multivariate restricted maximum likelihood estimation with SAS Proc MIXED SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-PARAMETERS; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; SELECTION; TRAITS; COVARIANCE; PRECISION; RESPONSES; REGIONS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Plant breeders traditionally have estimated genotypic and phenotypic correlations between traits using the method of moments on the basis of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Drawbacks of using the method of moments to estimate variance and covariance components include the possibility of obtaining estimates outside of parameter bounds, reduced estimation efficiency, and ignorance of the estimators' distributional properties when data are missing. An alternative approach that does not suffer these problems, but depends on the assumption of normally distributed random effects and large sample sizes, is restricted maximum likelihood (REML). This paper illustrates the use of Proc MIXED of the SAS system to implement REML estimation of genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Additionally, a method to obtain approximate parametric estimates of the sampling variances of the correlation estimates is presented. MANOVA and REML methods were compared with a real data set and with simulated data. The simulation study examined the effects of different correlation parameter values, genotypic and environmental sample sizes, and proportion of missing data on Type I and Type H error rates and on accuracy of confidence intervals. The two methods provided similar results when data were balanced or only 5% of data were missing. However, when 15 or 25% data were missing, the REML method generally performed better, resulting in higher power of detection of correlations and more accurate 95% confidence intervals. Samples of at least 75 genotypes and two environments are recommended to obtain accurate confidence intervals using the proposed method. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM James-Holland@ncsu.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 35 TC 147 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 642 EP 654 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0191 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100016 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Maughan, KW Asay, KH AF Jensen, KB Maughan, KW Asay, KH TI Characterization of amphiploid hybrids between bluebunch and thickspike wheatgrasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WILDRYE; AGROPYRON-ALBICANS; SYNTHETIC HYBRIDS; REGISTRATION; FERTILITY; GERMPLASM; CYTOLOGY AB An amphiploid derivative from hybrids between bluebunch wheatgrass (2n = 2x = 14) [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love] and thickspike wheatgrass (2n = 4x = 28) [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner and Smith) Gould] was developed to compare cytological, morphological, anatomical, and seed characteristics between the triploid F, hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) and their colchicine induced hexaploid (2n 6x = 42) derivative (C-0). The amphiploid population produced an average of 3.1 seeds spikelet(-1) and pollen stainability averaged 85.5%. Seed set under self-pollination in the amphiploids ranged from < 1% to > 99% with an average of 50%. Fifty-eight of the 103 plants studied were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42). The remaining plants had chromosomes ranging from 2n = 39 to 2n = 44 and were less fertile than the euploids. Meiosis in the euploid plants was regular and typical of a segmental autoallohexaploid St(1)St(1)St(2)St(2)HH. The most common meiotic chromosome configuration was 21 bivalents. A high frequency of bivalents and a low frequency of quadrivalents indicate that the St genomes of the two parental species have diverged. The amphiploids had thicker culms, more leaves per culm, and longer and wider leaves than either parental species. Multivariale analysis demonstrated that the amphiploids, though morphologically similar to the parental species, was distinct. In general, C-0 hybrids were less vigorous than the F, from which they were derived. Through amphiploidy, genetic introgression between the two species is possible. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005-06-0155 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100017 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML Hatfield, RD AF Sullivan, ML Hatfield, RD TI Polyphenol oxidase and o-diphenols inhibit postharvest proteolysis in red clover and alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COWS FED ALFALFA; GENE-TRANSFER; DRY-MATTER; REGISTRATION; PROTEIN; SILAGE; FORAGE; PLANTS; AGROBACTERIUM; GERMPLASM AB Many forages experience significant proteolytic losses when preserved by ensiling. Such losses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are especially high, with degradation of 44 to 87% of the forage protein to nonprotein N (NPN). In contrast, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) has up to 90% less proteolysis during ensiling. Here we demonstrate that the combination of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and o-diphenol PPO substrates, both abundantly present in red clover, is responsible for postharvest proteolytic inhibition in this forage crop. Proteolysis in red clover leaf extracts increased nearly fivefold when endogenous odiphenols were removed by gel filtration but returned to starting levels by adding back an exogenous o-diphenol. Proteolysis in leaf extracts of red clover plants silenced for PPO expression was dramatically increased compared to control plants. Leaf extracts of transgenic alfalfa expressing a red clover PPO gene showed a nearly fivefold o-diphenol-dependent decrease in proteolysis compared to those of control alfalfa. We also demonstrate that PPO levels 10- to 20-fold lower than those typically found in red clover are sufficient for proteolytic inhibition, that as little as 0.25 mu mol o-diphenol mg(-1) protein has a substantial impact on proteolysis, that a wide variety of o-diphenols are functional substrates in proteolytic inhibition, and that proteolysis is reduced for PPO-expressing alfalfa in small-scale ensiling experiments. Together, these results indicate that PPO and o-diphenols can be an effective treatment to prevent protein loss in ensiled forage crops. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mlsulliv@wisc.edu NR 27 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 662 EP 670 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0132 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100018 ER PT J AU O'Neill, PM Shanahan, JE Schepers, JS AF O'Neill, PM Shanahan, JE Schepers, JS TI Use of chlorophyll fluorescence assessments to differentiate corn hybrid response to variable water conditions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; MAYS L. HYBRIDS; ZEA-MAYS; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; STRESS TOLERANCE; DROUGHT STRESS; MAIZE; LEAVES AB Development of corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm tolerant to water stress will be vital to sustaining corn-based farming in the U.S. Great Plains. to a companion 4-yr field study near Shelton, NE, we found that 12 hybrids displayed differential agronomic responses to varying water levels, with tolerant hybrids yielding from 27 to 42% more than susceptible hybrids under stress while yielding similarly under no stress. The objective of this study was to determine if chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) measurements could be used to distinguish tolerant from susceptible hybrids. Leaf temperature (LT) and two CF parameters (Phi(PSII) photosystem II quantum efficiency, and ETR, electron transport rate) were measured on three postflowering dates in 2001. using a fluorometer on a subset of original treatments involving two tolerant and susceptible hybrids grown under deficit and adequate water. Water effects were observed on only one date; LY was 2.5 degrees C warmer and Phi(PSII) and ETR values were 25% lower for deficit vs. adequate water just after silking, signifying increased water stress and decreased photosynthesis during reproductive growth. Under stress, LTs were 2.8 degrees C cooler and Phi(PSII) and ETR values 50% higher for tolerant vs. susceptible hybrids, while all hybrids produced similar CF values under no stress. Thus, grain yield and photosynthetic responses of hybrids to stress were similar, indicating that CF measurements can be used to distinguish tolerant from susceptible hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Shanahan, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. EM jshanahan1@unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0170 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100020 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR Sleper, DA Bilyeu, KD AF Beuselinck, PR Sleper, DA Bilyeu, KD TI An assessment of phenotype selection for linolenic acid using genetic markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAN LOCUS; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; SOYBEANS; OIL AB Marker assisted selection (MAS) procedures potentially can make breeding more efficient, as genotypes can be identified before pollination allowing breeders to cross or backcross only suitable materials. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of our phenotypic selections in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for linolenic acid using molecular markers specific for mutations in two fatty acid desaturase genes, GmFAD3A and GntFAD3C. The markers were not available earlier in the selection process and were used retrospectively to determine that phenotypic selection for seed linolenic acid <= 35 g kg(-1)oil was successful in capturing genotypes homozygous for mutant alleles at both loci, but phenotypic selection was not perfect. Chemical analysis for seed linolenic acid concentration was not an accurate predictor of genotype. The advancement of heterozygotes reduced the selection efficiency relative to what would have been possible using molecular markers specific for mutations in the two fatty acid desaturase genes. Errors are thought to have derived from inaccurate sample tracking or identification, contamination, or errors in chemical analyses. Use of mutation-specific molecular markers to identify F, lines homozygous for mutant alleles in GmFAD3A and GmFAD3C, combined with diligence in reducing sampling errors, would eliminate the need for chemical testing for linolenic acid content in subsequent generations where screening can emphasize other traits. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM BeuselinckP@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005-04-0041 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100028 ER PT J AU Hooks, T Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Vogel, KP AF Hooks, T Pedersen, JF Marx, DB Vogel, KP TI Variation in the US photoperiod insensitive sorghum collection for chemical and nutritional traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION AB Screening germplasin for chemical and nutritional content can be expensive and time consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and application of geostatistical models can make screening more efficient. The objectives of this study were to utilize these technologies to: (i) generate chemical and nutritional values for the U.S. photoperiod insensitive sorghum collection, (ii) describe variability for those traits, (iii) identify accessions in the highest and lowest 1% for each trait, and (iv) describe relationships among the accessions. Accessions were grown at Ithaca, NE, during 2001 and 2002. Samples of grain were scanned and NIRS equations developed for starch, fat, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and phosphorus. The NIRS generated values for each accession can be accessed on GRIN at http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/desclist.pl?69; verified 22 November 2005. The highest and lowest 1% of accessions was identified for each trait by best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs). Means and standard deviations for observed values and variances due to accessions were calculated. Rank correlations between BLUPs and observed values ranged from r = 0.82 to r = 0.92. Principal component analysis showed that much of the variation is attributable to a contrast of starch with a weighted average of fat, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and phosphorus. Cluster analyses showed clusters on the basis of canonical values, but no geographical, taxonomical, or morphological interpretation of the clusters was apparent. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 751 EP 757 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0047 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100029 ER PT J AU Edwards, JW Jannink, JL AF Edwards, JW Jannink, JL TI Bayesian modeling of heterogeneous error and genotype X environment interaction variances SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIXED LINEAR-MODELS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RESIDUAL VARIANCES; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; STABILITY; PERFORMANCE; DIAGNOSTICS; REGRESSION; DISPERSION AB An important assumption in the analysis of multienvironment cultivar trials is homogeneity of error and genotype X environment interaction variances. When variances are heterogeneous, the best estimators of performance are obtained by weighting inversely to variance components. However, because variances are almost never known and must be estimated, the additional error introduced into the model from estimating many variances may cause weighted estimators to perform poorly. Our objective was to test a Bayesian approach to estimating heterogeneous error and genotype X environment interaction variances. A Bayesian model for multienvironment yield trials that includes a linear model for error and genotype X environment interaction variances was applied to yield data from the Iowa State University Oat Variety Trial for the years 1997 to 2003. The Bayesian approach revealed that error variances were highly heterogeneous among environments and that genotype X environment interaction variances were heterogeneous among environments and genotypes. Incorporation of heterogeneity of variances significantly decreased estimates of marginal error, genotypic, and genotype X environment variance components, with the largest change being a reduction in the marginal genotype X environment interaction variance. Repeatabilities were higher in the heterogeneous variance model but not at a high level of statistical significance. Genotype-specific estimates of genotype X environment interaction variances were correlated with estimated genotypic yields and heading dates, providing biological validity to our estimates of genotype-specific estimators of genotype X environment interaction variances as stability estimators. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 820 EP 833 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0164 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100037 ER PT J AU Byfield, GE Xue, H Upchurch, RG AF Byfield, GE Xue, H Upchurch, RG TI Two genes from soybean encoding soluble Delta 9 stearoyl-ACP desaturases SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE; ACID CONTENT; SEED; OIL; MUTANTS; SEARCH AB The Delta 9 stearoyl acyl-carrier protein desaturase (SACPD) gene of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] encodes a soluble enzyme that converts stearic to oleic acid. Understanding the regulation of SACPD expression and enzyme activity are thus important steps toward developing soybean lines with altered stearic or oleic acid content. Using primers designed to a G. max SACPD cDNA sequence, a 3648-bp product was cloned and sequenced from the genome of cultivar Dare. Comparison of the third SACPD exon protein sequence with other available Glycine SACPD sequences revealed unique amino acid variability at positions 310 and 313. Sequence-specific primers were designed for Real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) for this region of exon 3. Diagnostic and specific products were recovered with these primers using Dare cDNA template and Dare genomic DNA. Sequencing of a second genomic clone from Dare confirmed that there were two SACPD genes, designated A and B, in this cultivar. Survey of the genomes of 51 soybean lines and cultivars with PCR and the gene-specific primers indicated that all 51 had both A and B. Differences between SACPD-A and -B transcript abundance in soybean tissues, while quantifiable, were not dramatic. SACPD-A and -B transcript accumulation for three seed developmental stages between R5 and R6 was essentially equal. Biochemical analysis of the proteins encoded by these two SACPD genes may reveal whether the amino acid variability uncovered in this study has any relation to enzyme activity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM greg_upchurch@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0172 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100039 ER PT J AU Chen, YW Nelson, RL AF Chen, YW Nelson, RL TI Variation in early plant height in wild soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MATURITY AB It is difficult to evaluate plant height at maturity in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) and no research about plant height at early growth stages has been reported. The objective of this study was to identify variation for plant height at early growth stages in wild soybean accessions. On the basis of the data collected in 1999, five accessions were selected from each height class (tall, intermediate, and short) for each of three maturity groups (OO, II, and IV). These 45 accessions were planted in a completely randomized design with six replications in 2000 and 2003. Three height measurements (H1, H2, and H3) were taken at 10-d intervals beginning 20 d after planting. A multiple comparison t test by Fishers Least Significant Differences (LSD) was used to test the differences among means of three early plant height classes. Highly significant differences were found among years, height classes, accessions within height classes and within maturity groups, and year X accession interaction for H2 measurement, but there were no significant differences among maturity groups and no significant interaction between year and height classes. The optimum time for evaluating differences in early plant height is 30 d after planting. This rapid growth trait in wild soybean could be beneficial for cultivated soybean and a useful trait for evaluating wild soybean germplasm. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rlnelson@uiuc.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0202 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100042 ER PT J AU Hill, CB Hartman, GL Esgar, R Hobbs, HA AF Hill, CB Hartman, GL Esgar, R Hobbs, HA TI Field evaluation of green stem disorder in soybean cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PENTATOMIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Green stem is a disorder of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] that causes the stems to remain green, nonsenescent, and moist, although pods and seeds are fully ripe and dry. The disorder is a nuisance for producers because it complicates harvesting of soybeans by significantly increasing the difficulty in cutting the affected plants during harvest. The cause of the disorder is unknown; however, differences in relative sensitivity to the disorder have been observed. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the relative sensitivity among commercial or near-commercial cultivars from private and public soybean breeding organizations in replicated variety tests in Illinois. In 31 tests at Dekalb, Monmouth, and Urbana, IL, during 2001 to 2004, 1187 different MG I (maturity group)-MG IV conventional and glyphosate[N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]-tolerant, cultivars were visually evaluated. There were significant differences in sensitivity among cultivars in 29 of the 31 tests, indicating that genetic variability among cultivars for green stem sensitivity exists. This variability may provide a basis for breeding for low sensitivity to the green stem disorder. Total levels of green stem disorder incidence varied over years and locations. Herbicide management systems did not appear to affect the levels of green stem incidence. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hill, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM curthill@uiuc.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 879 EP 885 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0207 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100044 ER PT J AU Bent, AF Hoffman, TK Schmidt, JS Hartman, GL Hoffman, DD Xue, P Tucker, ML AF Bent, AF Hoffman, TK Schmidt, JS Hartman, GL Hoffman, DD Xue, P Tucker, ML TI Disease- and performance-related traits of ethylene-insensitive soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; TOMATO; SENESCENCE; MUTANTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS; VIRULENT AB Ethylene controls many beneficial responses in plants but also promotes chlorosis, senescence, disease, and fruit over-ripening. The present study compared previously isolated ethylene-insensitive lines of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to their isogenic, ethylene-sensitive parent with respect to disease resistance, seed yield, and other field performance traits. In laboratory tests, ethylene insensitivity reduced root colonization by soybean cyst nematode. Using healthy young plants, ethylene-insensitivity also reduced ethylene-activated leaf chlorosis and abscission. However, in the field, leaf chlorophyll and late-season senescence were not altered, suggesting that ethylene is not a main determinant of late-season senescence of soybean leaves. Field studies also revealed no changes in susceptibility to Septoria brown spot disease (caused by Septoria glycines Hemmi), flowering date, plant height, or seed total protein and oil concentration. Field studies did demonstrate elevated susceptibility to white mold disease [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary], poor stand establishment in some but not all environments, altered plant architecture, and earlier maturity date in the ethylene-insensitive lines. Seed yield was notably undependable, being similar to the parental line in some field locations but significantly reduced in most environments. To avoid these negative impacts on overall performance, manipulation of plant ethylene responses should be targeted to specific tissues, growth stages, or growth environments. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Soygenetics LLC, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Brookings, SD USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bent, AF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM afb@plantpath.wisc.edu RI Bent, Andrew/E-5391-2016 OI Bent, Andrew/0000-0001-6610-9525 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 893 EP 901 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0235 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100046 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Rhodes, LH Sulc, RM Undersander, DJ Brummer, EC AF Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Rhodes, LH Sulc, RM Undersander, DJ Brummer, EC TI Five decades of alfalfa cultivar improvement: Impact on forage yield, persistence, and nutritive value SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Previous research has implied that forage yield in released alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars declined slightly between 1978 and 1996. Our objective was to compare alfalfa cultivars released during the past five decades side by side in replicated yield trials to test for any changes in forage yield across time. Ten cultivars, two from each of the five decades, four recently released cultivars, and two check cultivars were compared for forage yield, persistence, and nutritive value at four locations. Cultivars were established in May 1999 at Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Minnesota. Forage was harvested three to four times in each of four production years depending on location. Plots were sub-sampled for nutritive value analyses for the first and third harvests in 2000 and 2001. Year X location X cultivar-release date interactions demonstrated that forage yield and final stand densities differed among the cultivars in each year of the experiment at each location. Nutritive value traits were similar among all cultivars. Evidence for changes in forage yield for cultivars released between 1940 and 1995 was environmentally dependent. In environments where conditions lead to plant stand losses, recently released cultivars with multiple disease resistance had a yield advantage over older cultivars, but in environments where no differences in plant density occurred across time, older cultivars yielded the same as recent cultivars. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Raymond F Baker Ctr Plant Breeding, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM joannlamb@umn.edu RI Sulc, Reuben/N-3710-2016 OI Sulc, Reuben/0000-0003-2616-3492 NR 20 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0236 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100047 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Hu, JG Grunwald, NJ Larsen, KM AF Miklas, PN Hu, JG Grunwald, NJ Larsen, KM TI Potential application of TRAP (targeted region amplified polymorphism) markers for mapping and tagging disease resistance traits in common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GENE ANALOGS; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; LINKAGE MAP; CANDIDATES; SELECTION; LOCI; PCR; MICROSATELLITE; ANTHRACNOSE AB Genetic resistance is an important component of integrated strategies used to control problematic diseases in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Molecular linkage maps have been used to identify, tag, and map disease resistance genes and QTL in common bean, leading to improved breeding strategies and implementation of marker-assisted selection. Most widely used marker types, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), for linkage mapping in bean are located randomly throughout the genome and associate with particular traits by chance. We sought to determine the potential application of a new marker system, TRAP, which uses expressed sequence information and a bioinformatics approach to generate polymorphic markers around targeted candidate gene sequences. TRAP markers were amplified by fixed primers designed against sequenced expressed sequence tag (EST) associated with disease resistance in the Compositae Genomics database or against sequenced resistance gene analog (RGA) from common bean. Seventeen of 85 TRAP markers located in the BAT 93/Jalo EEP558 core mapping population mapped in the vicinity of R genes. Six of 21 TRAP markers generated in the Dorado/XAN 176 mapping population were linked with newly identified QTL, two conditioning resistance to ashy stem blight (14% and 16% of the phenotypic variation explained, R 2), and one each conferring resistance to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) (15%) and common bacterial blight (30%). The TRAP marker system has potential for mapping regions of the common bean genome linked with disease resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Sunflower Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Luan, Gan/B-3211-2015 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; NR 40 TC 47 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0242 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100048 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Bai, GH Martin, DL Anderson, JA Anderson, MP Edwards, RM AF Wu, YQ Taliaferro, CM Bai, GH Martin, DL Anderson, JA Anderson, MP Edwards, RM TI Genetic analyses of Chinese Cynodon accessions by flow cytometry and AFLP markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BERMUDAGRASS CYNODON; TURF BERMUDAGRASS; OFF-TYPES; DNA; DIVERSITY; DACTYLON; SPP.; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; PROGRAM AB Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is widely distributed in China, but little information exists on genetic diversity within the germplasm pool. This study was conducted to assess variations in ploidy and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) among Cynodon accessions collected from 11 Chinese provinces. Flow cytometry and AFL P analyses were performed on 132 and 119 Chinese accessions, respectively. Four ploidy cytotypes were found among the Chinese accessions. Tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) accessions were most prevalent (88%), with nuclear genome sizes ranging from 1.96 to 2.30 pg/2C nucleus(-1). Seven hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54), three pentaploid (2n = 5x = 45), and six triploid (2n = 3x = 27) accessions had respective nuclear genome size of 2.90 to 3.13, 2.37 to 2.49, and 1.55 to 1.65 pg/2C nucleus(-1). The accessions were grouped into five clusters based on 466 polymorphic AFLP bands. Genetic similarity coefficients (GSCs) of two clusters containing 'Tifway' and 'Tifgreen' ranged from 0.97 to 0.99, suggesting the triploid plants most probably were introduced cultivars from the USA. Within the Chinese indigenous accessions, GSC ranged from 0.65 to 0.99. Tetraploid genotypes had the greatest genetic variation with GSC ranging from 0.69 to 0.99, while pentaploids had the least with GSC ranging from 0.95 to 0.98. Genetic differentiation among the later three ploidy levels is evident. Fully sampling the genetic diversity of Cynodon in China will require more comprehensive collection throughout its distribution. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM yanqi.wu@okstate.edu NR 46 TC 40 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08.0256 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100049 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Zhao, DL Phillips, WA Coleman, SW AF Starks, PJ Zhao, DL Phillips, WA Coleman, SW TI Development of canopy reflectance algorithms for real-time prediction of bermudagrass pasture biomass and nutritive values SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; REMOTE ESTIMATION; COTTON GROWTH; LEAVES; SPECTROSCOPY; RATIOS; YIELD AB Timely assessments of forage biomass production and nutritive values during the growing season are important for livestock managers to make decisions for adjusting stocking rate and pasture management. Remote sensing of canopy reflectance may provide a rapid and inexpensive means of estimating pasture nutritive values and biomass. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) concentration, biomass, and CP availability of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures and canopy reflectance. An experiment was conducted in the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons using three bermudagrass pastures of 'Midland', 'Ozarka', and an experimental hybrid, 72x12-12. Pasture CP concentration, biomass and CP availability correlated linearly with the reflectance ratios of R,a R-515, R-915/R-975, and R-875/R-725 (0.44 <= r(2) <= 0.63) as well as with the first derivatives of reflectance with wavebands centered at 545, 935, and 755 nm (0.49 <= r(2) <= 0.68). Linear equations between each forage variable and the ratios or derivatives of reflectance were developed on the basis of data pooled across years, plant genotypes, and sampling dates. Validation of developed equations indicated that the CP concentration, biomass, and CP availability could be predicted by either the ratios or derivatives of the reflectance. Pasture NDF and ADF had lower correlation with canopy reflectance than other measured variables. Our results suggest that two-narrow-waveband reflectance ratios or the first derivatives in visible and near-infrared spectral regions can be used for real-time and nondestructive prediction of forage productivity and CP content in bermudagrass pastures. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM patrick.starks@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0258 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100050 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Krall, JM Jin, Y Watkins, JE Lyon, DJ Martin, AR Chen, MS Bai, GH AF Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Krall, JM Jin, Y Watkins, JE Lyon, DJ Martin, AR Chen, MS Bai, GH TI Registration of 'Infinity CL' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wyoming, Torrington Res Ext Ctr, Torrington, WY 82240 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Pbaenziger1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 975 EP 977 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0044 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100058 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Jin, Y Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS Bai, GH AF Baenziger, PS Beecher, B Graybosch, RA Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Jin, Y Watkins, JE Hatchett, JH Chen, MS Bai, GH TI Registration of 'Hallam' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Pbaenziger1@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 977 EP 979 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0045 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100059 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Busch, RH McVey, DV Kolmer, JA Jin, Y Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Wiersma, JJ Hareland, GA AF Anderson, JA Busch, RH McVey, DV Kolmer, JA Jin, Y Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Wiersma, JJ Hareland, GA TI Registration of 'Ulen' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 979 EP 980 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0108 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100060 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Asay, KH Johnson, DA Larson, SR Waldron, BL Palazzo, AJ AF Jensen, KB Asay, KH Johnson, DA Larson, SR Waldron, BL Palazzo, AJ TI Registration of 'Bozoisky-II' Russian wildirye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RYEGRASS; WILDRYE; SWIFT; AFLP C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA Corps Engineers, ERDC, CRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 986 EP 987 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-0163 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100067 ER PT J AU Gray, FA Shigaki, T Koch, DW Delaney, RD Hruby, F Gray, AM Majerus, ME Cash, D Ditrerline, RL Wichman, DM AF Gray, FA Shigaki, T Koch, DW Delaney, RD Hruby, F Gray, AM Majerus, ME Cash, D Ditrerline, RL Wichman, DM TI Registration of 'Shoshone' sainfoin SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; RESISTANCE C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Agr Expt Stn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT USA. Montana State Univ, Anim & Range Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Cent Agr Res Ctr, Moccasin, MT USA. RP Gray, FA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Agr Expt Stn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM fagray@uwyo.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 988 EP 988 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0190 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100068 ER PT J AU Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Erickson, CA Whitmore, JC Jones, BL AF Obert, DE Wesenberg, DM Burrup, DE Erickson, CA Whitmore, JC Jones, BL TI Registration of 'Sublette' barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Tetonia Res & Ext Ctr, Newdale, ID 83436 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Obert, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM dobert@uidaho.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 989 EP 991 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0244 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100070 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL AF Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL TI Registration of 'Quincy' pinto bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM ahang@wsu.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 991 EP 991 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0018 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100071 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL AF Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL TI Registration of 'Silver Cloud' white kidney dry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Irrig Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrig Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM ahang@wsu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 991 EP 992 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0019 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100072 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Quick, JS Westra, P Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Giura, A Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J AF Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Quick, JS Westra, P Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Giura, A Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J TI Registration of 'Bond CL' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Agr Res Dev Inst, Fundulea, Romania. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 993 EP 995 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0031 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100074 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Quick, JS Westra, P Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J AF Haley, SD Johnson, JJ Peairs, FB Quick, JS Westra, P Stromberger, JA Clayshulte, SR Clifford, BL Rudolph, JB Seabourn, B Chung, OK Jin, Y Kolmer, J TI Registration of 'protection' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.haley@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 995 EP 996 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.0032 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100075 ER PT J AU Balint-Kurti, PJ Blanco, M Millard, M Duvick, S Holland, J Clements, M Holley, R Carson, ML Goodman, MM AF Balint-Kurti, PJ Blanco, M Millard, M Duvick, S Holland, J Clements, M Holley, R Carson, ML Goodman, MM TI Registration of 20 GEM maize breeding germplasm lines adapted to the southern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn NC7, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Hosp Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Henderson, KY 42420 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM balintkurti@ncsu.edu OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 7 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 996 EP 998 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0013 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100076 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Vogel, KP Beal, AC AF Casler, MD Vogel, KP Beal, AC TI Registration of WS4U and WS8U switchgirass germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcaster@wisc.edu NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 998 EP 999 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0020 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100077 ER PT J AU Devine, TE McMurtrey, JE AF Devine, TE McMurtrey, JE TI Registration of PA 15 soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL CONSERVATION C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM DevineT@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 999 EP 1000 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0028 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100078 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Xu, SS Elias, EM AF Klindworth, DL Xu, SS Elias, EM TI Registration of four durum germplasms carrying glutenin allele Glu-D1d on a 1AS.1AL-1DL translocation chromosome SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klindworth, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM klindwod@fargo.rs.usda.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1002 EP 1003 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0063 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100080 ER PT J AU Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Ali, S Singh, PK Rasmussen, JB Miller, JD AF Mergoum, M Frohberg, RC Ali, S Singh, PK Rasmussen, JB Miller, JD TI Registration of spring wheat germplasm ND 735 combining tan spot, leaf, and stem rusts SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; TOXIN C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mergoum, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM mohamed.mergoum@ndsu.nodak.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1004 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0083 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100081 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Smith, JR Singh, SP AF Miklas, PN Smith, JR Singh, SP TI Registration of common bacterial blight resistant dark red kidney bean germplasm line USDK-CBB-15 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM pmiklas@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1007 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.06-01 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100083 ER PT J AU Panella, L Hanson, LE AF Panella, L Hanson, LE TI Registration of FC720, FC722, and FC722CMS monogerm sugarbeet germplasms resistant to rhizoctonia root rot and moderately resistant to cercospora leaf spot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.Panella@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1009 EP 1010 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0234 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100085 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Wilson, RF Rebetzke, GJ Pantalone, VR AF Burton, JW Wilson, RF Rebetzke, GJ Pantalone, VR TI Registration of N98-4445A mid-oleic soybean germplasm line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; SEED OIL; ACID C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, NPS, CPPVS, REE,George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CSIRO, Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM joe-burton@ncsu.edu RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1010 EP 1012 DI 10.2135/cropsci2004-0769 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100086 ER PT J AU Klindworth, DL Miller, JD Xu, SS AF Klindworth, DL Miller, JD Xu, SS TI Registration of rusty durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; RESISTANCE C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klindworth, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM klindwod@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1012 EP 1013 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.05-0064 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100087 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC AF Wang, RRC TI Registration of TBTE001 and TBTE002 Thinopyrum amphidiploid genetic stocks differing for leaf glaucousness SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BESSARABICUM; ELONGATUM; TRITICEAE; HYBRIDS; WAXES C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 696 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rrcwang@cc.usu.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 46 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1014 DI 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0204 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 021NY UT WOS:000235991100088 ER PT J AU Ellis, D Skogerboe, D Andre, C Hellier, B Volk, G AF Ellis, D Skogerboe, D Andre, C Hellier, B Volk, G TI Implementation of garlic cryopreservation techniques in the national plant germplasm system SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ailium sativum; garlic; genebanking; cryopreservation; PVS2; PVS3 ID VITRIFICATION; REGENERATION; CELLS AB The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains more than 200 Allium sativum (garlic) accessions at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station in Pullman, WA. All accessions must be grown out in the field annually since garlic plants from these accessions do not reliably produce seeds and bulbs do not store well. Shoot tips excised from garlic cloves can be successfully cryopreserved using either Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2; 15% v/v DMSO, 15% v/v ethylene glycol, 30% v/w glycerol, 0.4 M sucrose) or Plant Vitrification Solution 3 (PVS3; 50% v/w sucrose, 50% v/w glycerol). We compared regrowth of shoot tips representing diverse garlic germplasm after exposure to either PVS2 or PVS3 during the cryopreservation procedure. At the USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, a component of the NPGS, we consider accessions successfully preserved if a minimum of 40% of explants exhibit regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure and at least 60 Viable shoot tips remain in long-term storage. Ten of twelve diverse garlic accessions were successfully cryopreserved using either PVS2 or PVS3 as cryoprotectants. Five genotypes had the best post liquid,nitrogen regrowth after exposure to PVS2, four genotypes had the best regrowth after exposure to PVS3, and three genotypes performed equally well using either cryoprotectant solution. This project is part of an ongoing program to cryopreserve accessions of NPGS clonal crop collections. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ellis, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM elvis@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 054AK UT WOS:000238347500004 PM 16794741 ER PT J AU Lakshman, DK Liu, CY Mishra, PK Tavantzis, S AF Lakshman, DK Liu, CY Mishra, PK Tavantzis, S TI Characterization of the arom gene in Rhizoctonia solani, and transcription patterns under stable and induced hypovirulence conditions SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MESSENGER-RNA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; ACID; QUINATE; GENOME; SEQUENCES; SYNTHASE AB The quinate pathway is induced by quinate in the wild-type virulent Rhizoctonia solani isolate Rhs 1AP but is constitutive in the hypovirulent, M2 dsRNA-containing isolate Rhs 1A1. Constitutive expression of the quinate pathway results in downregulation of the shikimate pathway, which includes the pentafunctional arom gene in Rhs 1A1. The arom gene has 5,323 bp including five introns as opposed to a single intron found in arom in ascomycetes. A 199-bp upstream sequence has a GC box, no TATAA box, but two GTATTAGA repeats. The largest arom transcript is 5,108 nucleotides long, excluding the poly(A) tail. It contains an open reading frame of 4,857 bases, coding for a putative 1,618-residue pentafunctional AROM protein. A Kozak sequence (GCGCCATGG) is present between +127 and +135. The 5'-end of the arom mRNA includes two nucleotides (UA) that are not found in the genomic sequence, and are probably added post-transcriptionally. Size and sequence heterogeneity were observed at both 5'- and 3'-end of the mRNA. Northern blot and suppression subtractive hybridization analyses showed that presence of a low amount of quinate, inducer of the quinate pathway, resulted in increased levels of arom mRNA, consistent with the compensation effect observed in ascomycetes. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol B6, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Tavantzis, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM tavantzis@umit.maine.edu NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s00294-005-0005-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 017OX UT WOS:000235704000003 PM 16479402 ER PT J AU Pittas, AG Dawson-Hughes, B Li, T Van Dam, RM Willett, WC Manson, JE Hu, FB AF Pittas, AG Dawson-Hughes, B Li, T Van Dam, RM Willett, WC Manson, JE Hu, FB TI Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN-SECRETION; GLUCAGON-SECRETION; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; D DEFICIENCY; BODY-WEIGHT; MELLITUS; SENSITIVITY; CONSUMPTION; INTOLERANCE AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between vitamin D and calcium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - in the Nurses' Health Study, we followed 83,779 women who had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline for the development of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D and calcium intake from diet and supplements was assessed every 2-4 years. During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 4,843 incident cases Of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS - After adjusting for multiple Potential confounders, there was no association between total vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes. However, the relative risk (RR) Of type 2 diabetes was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-1.00; P for trend = 0.04) comparing the highest with the lowest category Of Vitamin D intake from supplements. The multivariale RRs of type 2 diabetes were 0.79 (0.70-0.90; P for trend < 0.001) comparing the highest with the lowest category of calcium intake from all sources and 0.82 (0.72-0.92; P for trend < 0.001) comparing the highest with the lowest category of calcium intake from supplements. A combined daily intake of > 1,200 mg calcium and > 800 IU Vitamin D was associated with a 33% lower risk of type 2 diabetes with RR of 0.67 (0.49-0.90) compared with an intake of < 600 mg and 400 IU calcium and vitamin D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS - The results of this large prospective study Suggest a potential beneficial role for both vitamin D and calcium intake in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Channing Labs, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Pittas, AG (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 750 Washington St,268, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM apittas@tufts-nemc.org RI van Dam, Rob/F-9674-2010 OI van Dam, Rob/0000-0002-7354-8734 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK 61506, P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-11, R01 DK 58845] NR 33 TC 362 Z9 389 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 650 EP 656 DI 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1961 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 018KW UT WOS:000235764100028 PM 16505521 ER PT J AU Cadenasso, ML Pickett, STA Grove, JM AF Cadenasso, ML Pickett, STA Grove, JM TI Dimensions of ecosystem complexity: Heterogeneity, connectivity, and history SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE biocomplexity; framework; coupled systems; spatial heterogeneity; legacies land cover classifications; urban ecosystems ID ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; BIOCOMPLEXITY; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; PEOPLE AB Biocomplexity was introduced to most ecologists through the National Science Foundation's grant program, and the literature intended to introduce that program. The generalities of that literature contrast with the abstract and mathematical sophistication of literature from physics, systems theory, and indeed even of pioneering ecologists who have translated the concept into ecology. This situation leaves a middle ground, that is both accessible to ecologists in general, and cognizant of the fundamentals of complexity, to be more completely explored. To help scope this middle ground, and to promote empirical explorations that may be located there, we propose a non-exclusive framework for the conceptual territory. While recognizing the deep foundations in the studies of complex behavior, we take ecological structure as the entry point for framework development. This framework is based on a definition of biocomplexity as the degree to which ecological systems comprising biological, social and physical components incorporate spatially explicit heterogeneity, organizational connectivity, and historical contingency through time. These three dimensions of biocomplexity - heterogeneity, connectivity, and history - will be explored as axes of increasing complexity. Basing the description of spatial heterogeneity on either patch or continuous quantification, complexity of spatial structure increases as quantification moves from simple discrimination of patch types and the number of each type to assessment of configuration and the change in the mosaic through time. Organizational complexity reflects the increasing connectivity of the basic units that control system dynamics. At the simple end of the axis, the functional connectivity between units is low, and the processes within a unit are determined by structures or other processes within that unit. At the highest level of complexity along this axis, units in a mosaic interact through fluxes of energy, matter, organisms, or information, and the structure and dynamics of the mosaic can be altered by those fluxes. Temporal relationships in the system range from direct contemporary ones to indirect and historically contingent ones. The influence of indirect effects, legacies, the existence of lagged effects, and the presence of slowly appearing indirect effects constitute increasing temporal complexity. This framework embodies some features of both the structural approach to complexity and the approach of complexity of explanations that we extracted from the literature. It leaves the issue of what levels of each axis result in complex behavior as an important question for further research. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Hixon Ctr Urban Ecol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. New York Bot Garden, Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Cadenasso, ML (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Hixon Ctr Urban Ecol, 205 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM Mary.Cadenasso@yale.edu NR 70 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 9 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.07.002 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 022YT UT WOS:000236092800001 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Grace, JB Davies, KF Safford, HD Viers, JH AF Harrison, S Grace, JB Davies, KF Safford, HD Viers, JH TI Invasion in a diversity hotspot: Exotic cover and native richness in the Californian serpentine flora SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; diversity hotspot; endemic plants; exotic richness; invasive species; native richness; path models; SEM; serpentine flora; serpentine soils; structural equation modeling ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; PATH-ANALYSIS; PATTERNS; SOIL; INVASIBILITY; VARIABILITY; REFUGES AB Exotic species have been observed to be more prevalent ill sites where the richness of native species is highest, possibly reflecting variation among sites ill resources, propagule Supply, heterogeneity, or disturbance. However, Such a pattern leaves unclear whether natives at species-rich sites are Subject to especially severe impacts from exotics as a result. We considered this question using path models in which relationships between exotic cover and native richness were evaluated ill the presence of correlated environmental factors. At 109 sites on serpentine soils across California, USA, exotic cover was positively correlated with total native herbaceous richness and was negatively correlated with the richness of both serpentine-endemic and rare native herbs. However, in path models that accounted for the influences of soil chemistry, disturbance, overstory cover, and regional rainfall and elevation, we found no indication that exotic cover reduced any component of native herb richness. Rather, Our results indicated similarities and differences in the conditions favoring exotic, native, endemic, and rare species. Our results suggest that, in spite of some localized impacts, exotic species are not exerting a detectable overall effect on the community richness of the unique native flora of Californian serpentine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0001-7957-7942 NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1890/05-0778 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025TK UT WOS:000236289600018 PM 16602299 ER PT J AU Tewksbury, JJ Garner, L Garner, S Lloyd, JD Saab, V Martin, TE AF Tewksbury, JJ Garner, L Garner, S Lloyd, JD Saab, V Martin, TE TI Tests of landscape influence: Nest predation and brood parasitism in fragmented ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; buffer; Dendroica petechia; fragmentation; nest predation; riparian woodlands ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; WESTERN LANDSCAPE; RIPARIAN FORESTS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; SONGBIRDS; SURVIVAL; SCALE AB The effects of landscape fragmentation oil nest predation and brood parasitism, the two primary Causes of avian reproductive failure, have been difficult to generalize across landscapes, yet few Studies have clearly considered the context and spatial scale of: fragmentation. Working in two river systems fragmented by agricultural and rural-housing development, we tracked nesting Success and brood parasitism in > 2500 bird nests in 38 patches of deciduous riparian woodland. Patches oil both river Systems were embedded in one of two local contexts (buffered from agriculture by coniferous forest, or adjacent to agriculture), but the abundance of agriculture and human habitation within 1 km of each patch was highly variable. We examined evidence for three models of landscape effects oil nest predation based on (1) the relative importance of generalist agricultural nest predators, (2) predators associated with the natural habitats typically removed by agricultural development, or (3) an additive combination of: these two predator communities. We found strong support for all additive predation model in which landscape features affect nest predation differently at different spatial scales. Riparian habitat with forest buffers had higher nest predation rates than sites adjacent to agriculture, but nest predation also increased with increasing agriculture in the larger landscape Surrounding each site. These results suggest that predators living in remnant woodland buffers, as well as generalist nest predators associated with agriculture, affect nest predation rates, but they appear to respond at different spatial scales. Brood parasitism, in Contrast, Was unrelated to agricultural abundance oil the landscape, but showed a strong nonlinear relationship with farm and house density, indicating a critical point at which increased human habitat Causes increased brood parasitism. Accurate predictions regarding landscape effects oil nest predation and brood parasitism will require an increased appreciation of the multiple scales at which landscape components influence predator and parasite behavior. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Farmerville, LA 71241 USA. Ecostudies Inst, Estacata, OR 97032 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Montana, USGS Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Tewksbury, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, 106 Kincaid Hall,Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tewksjj@u.washington.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 47 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1890/04-1790 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 025TK UT WOS:000236289600023 PM 16602304 ER PT J AU Prasad, AM Iverson, LR Liaw, A AF Prasad, AM Iverson, LR Liaw, A TI Newer classification and regression tree techniques: Bagging and random forests for ecological prediction SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE predictive mapping; data mining; classification and regression trees (CART); Regression Tree Analysis (RTA); decision tree; Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS); Bagging Trees; Random Forests; Kappa; fuzzy Kappa; Canadian Climate Centre (CCC); global circulation model (GCM); eastern United States ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CATEGORICAL MAPS; MIGRATION RATES; PLANT MIGRATION; DECISION-TREE; VEGETATION; HABITAT; DISTRIBUTIONS; CLASSIFIERS AB The task of modeling the distribution of a large number of tree species under future climate scenarios presents unique challenges. First, the model must be robust enough to handle climate data outside the current range without producing unacceptable instability in the output. In addition, the technique should have automatic search mechanisms built in to select the most appropriate values for input model parameters for each species so that minimal effort is required when these parameters are fine-tuned for individual tree species. We evaluated four statistical models-Regression Tree Analysis (RTA), Bagging Trees (BT), Random Forests (RF), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)-for predictive vegetation mapping under current and future climate scenarios according to the Canadian Climate Centre global circulation model. To test, we applied these techniques to four tree species common in the eastern United States: loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and white oak (Quercus alba). When the four techniques were assessed with Kappa and fuzzy Kappa statistics, RF and BT were superior in reproducing current importance value (a measure of basal area in addition to abundance) distributions for the four tree species, as derived from approximately 100,000 USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Future estimates of suitable habitat after climate change were visually more reasonable with BT and RF, with slightly better performance by RF as assessed by Kappa statistics, correlation estimates, and spatial distribution of importance values. Although RTA did not perform as well as BT and RF, it provided interpretive models for species whose distributions were captured well by our current set of predictors. MARS was adequate for predicting current distributions but unacceptable for future climate. We consider RTA, BT, and RF modeling approaches, especially when used together to take advantage of their individual strengths, to be robust for predictive mapping and recommend their inclusion in the ecological toolbox. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Merck Res Labs, Biometr Res Dept, Rahway, NJ USA. RP Prasad, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM aprasad@fs.fed.us RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 68 TC 555 Z9 575 U1 35 U2 265 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 2 BP 181 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10021-005-0054-1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027OE UT WOS:000236424100003 ER PT J AU Anyamba, A Chretien, JP Formenty, PBH Small, J Tucker, CJ Malone, JL El Bushra, H Martin, V Linthicum, KJ AF Anyamba, A Chretien, JP Formenty, PBH Small, J Tucker, CJ Malone, JL El Bushra, H Martin, V Linthicum, KJ TI Rift Valley fever potential, Arabian Peninsula SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Worl Hlth Org, Cairo, Egypt. Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM klinthicum@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 518 EP 520 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 020PP UT WOS:000235922300030 PM 16710979 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T AF Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T TI Food sources for adult Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies: effects on longevity and fecundity SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE nutritional ecology; extrafloral nectary; fruit exudates; nectar; pollen; honey; biological control; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Diptera ID DIADEGMA-INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; FEEDING STRATEGIES; HONEYDEW SUGARS; DIPTERA; BRACONIDAE; NECTAR; ICHNEUMONIDAE; BEHAVIOR; WASPS AB We report the results of a study on potential food sources of the widely distributed Indo-Australian braconid fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Adults sustained life on diets of fruit juice or fruit pulp, a homopteran and its associated honeydew, or extrafloral nectary secretions. Longevities on all these foods and fecundity on fruit juice were comparable to those achieved on the honey that is typically provided in mass-rearing programs. Certain of the flower species Bidens alba (L.), Spermacoce verticillata L., Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., Brassica nigra (L.), Lantana camara L., their nectar or pollen, provided a diet that resulted in longer maximum life spans than water alone. Unlike some tephritid flies, the braconid did not feed on fresh bird feces or leaf-surface exudates. Feeding by D. longicaudata on wounded host fruits of tephritid flies suggests that adult parasitoids would not need separate forays for adult food and oviposition sites, as these occur in the same locations. We conclude that an inventory of adult foods may help target inundative releases of D. longicaudata and lead to improvements in diets used for mass rearing. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Inst Ecol, AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM jsivinski@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 52 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00379.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 020UM UT WOS:000235938100003 ER PT J AU Wang, IA Leder, EH Smoker, WW Gharrett, AJ AF Wang, IA Leder, EH Smoker, WW Gharrett, AJ TI Timing of development during epiboly in embryos of second-generation crosses and backcrosses between odd- and even-broodyear pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE outbreeding depression; embryonic development; salmonid; pink salmon AB Odd- and even-year-spawning pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are genetically isolated; their broodlines differ even in the same natal stream. Hybrids between broodlines exhibit outbreeding depression in survival. Variation in the time to completion of epiboly in embryos appears to be adaptive in both broodlines. We compared stage of development at a time near the completion of epiboly in families of second-generation offspring from crosses between odd- and even-year broodlines with development stages of within-broodyear controls and of backcrossed families. We observed embryos derived from matings of mature fish that were the results of fertilizations made 2 years earlier of eggs from females from the even brood year with semen from males from the even broodyear and with cryopreserved semen from males of the odd broodyear. The resulting fry had been released to the Pacific Ocean and recovered at maturity. Second generation embryos were produced by factorial matings of these mature fish involving (1) female and male controls, (2) female and male hybrids, and (3) both backcrosses. Analysis of variation of development time detected no effect of outbreeding, i.e., differences between controls and second generation hybrids (p > 0.05), but did detect variation between individual female parents (p < 0.03). Neither epistatic nor additive outbreeding depression could be detected in the rate of early embryonic development of pink salmon. However, effects on development rate attributable to female parents indicate that either a maternal effect or early additive genetic effects occurred before the expression of the paternal genome in embryos. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. RP Wang, IA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ffaig@uaf.edu RI Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013 OI Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-0015-3 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 039FW UT WOS:000237292400007 ER PT J AU Ge, SK Carruthers, R Gong, P Herrera, A AF Ge, SK Carruthers, R Gong, P Herrera, A TI Texture analysis for mapping Tamarix parviflora using aerial photographs along the Cache Creek, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; saltcedar; tamarix parviflora; monitoring; detection; aerial photograph; remote sensing; California; texture analysis ID LAND-USE CLASSIFICATION; WOODY PLANT; SALT CEDAR; INFORMATION; VEGETATION; CHINENSIS; IMAGERY AB Natural color photographs were used to detect the coverage of saltcedar, Tamarix parviflora, along a 40 km portion of Cache Creek near Woodland, California. Historical aerial photographs from 2001 were retrospectively evaluated and compared with actual ground-based information to assess accuracy of the assessment process. The color aerial photos were sequentially digitized, georeferenced, classified using color and texture methods, and mosaiced into maps for field use. Eight types of ground cover (Tamarix, agricultural crops, roads, rocks, water bodies, evergreen trees, non-evergreen trees and shrubs (excluding Tamarix)) were selected from the digitized photos for separability analysis and supervised classification. Due to color similarities among the eight cover types, the average separability, based originally only on color, was very low. The separability was improved significantly through the inclusion of texture analysis. Six types of texture measures with various window sizes were evaluated. The best texture was used as an additional feature along with the color, for identifying Tamarix. A total of 29 color photographs were processed to detect Tamarix infestations using a combination of the original digital images and optimal texture features. It was found that the saltcedar covered a total of 3.96 km(2) (396 hectares) within the study area. For the accuracy assessment, 95 classified samples from the resulting map were checked in the field with a global position system (GPS) unit to verify Tamarix presence. The producer's accuracy was 77.89%. In addition, 157 independently located ground sites containing saltcedar were compared with the classified maps, producing a user's accuracy of 71.33%. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agr Res Serv, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Ge, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gesk@nature.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-1071-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033JY UT WOS:000236844500005 PM 16572294 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Perea-Estrada, VM de Bauer, LI Perez-Suarez, M Parker, DR Cetina-Alcala, VM AF Fenn, ME Perea-Estrada, VM de Bauer, LI Perez-Suarez, M Parker, DR Cetina-Alcala, VM TI Nutrient status and plant growth effects of forest soils in the Basin of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE andisols; nitrogen deposition; phosphorus deficiency; nitrate leaching; Mexico City Air Basin ID CITY AIR BASIN; SULFUR DEPOSITION; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; DRAINAGE WATERS; NITROGEN; VEGETATION; EXPOSURE; GRADIENT; IMPACTS; FUNGI AB The nutrient status of forest soils in the Mexico City Air Basin was evaluated by observing plant growth responses to fertilization with N, P or both nutrients combined. P deficiency was the most frequent condition for soil from two high pollution sites and N deficiency was greatest at a low N deposition site. Concentrations of Pb and Nit and to a lesser extent Zn and Cot were higher at the high pollution sites. However, positive plant growth responses to P and sometimes to N, and results of wheat root elongation bioassays, suggest that heavy metal concentrations were not directly phytotoxic. Further studies are needed to determine if heavy metal toxicity to mycorrhizal symbionts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) from high pollution sites may explain the P deficiency and stunted growth. P deficiency is expected to limit the capacity for biotic N retention in N saturated forested watersheds in the Basin of Mexico dominated by Andisols. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Inst Recursos Nat, Col Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us; libauer@colpos.mx; david.parker@ucr.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 140 IS 2 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009ST UT WOS:000235133700001 PM 16168537 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Crocker, TD Shogren, JF AF Archer, DW Crocker, TD Shogren, JF TI Choosing children's environmental risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Risk Perception, Valuation and Policy CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2004 CL Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL HO Univ Cent Florida DE childcare quality; childcare quantity; stochastic substitution ID ANTE ECONOMIC VALUE; SELF-PROTECTION; ENDOGENOUS RISK; COMPARATIVE STATICS; MARKET INSURANCE; UNCERTAINTY; AMBIGUITY; AVERSION AB A model of endogenous risk provides a foundation to study a parent's child care decisions when the child could be exposed to an environmental hazard (e.g., toxic substance, foodborne pathogen). The parent invests in childcare quality and quantity to reduce the likelihood of a hazard exposure occurring and to reduce its severity if the exposure is realized. We supply conditions to sign unambiguously the effects on a child's hazard exposure of an increased probability a parent fails to access or have command over a technique of exposure prevention or that a technique is ineffective in preventing exposure. Also, we consider these effects when the parent is unsure what a technique can do to reduce the child's probability of exposure. We conclude public policies designed to encourage use of a particular childcare technique, if childcare quality and quantity are stochastic substitutes, can reduce parental use of other techniques. The net impact of the policy could increase the chance the child suffers. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Shogren, JF (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jramses@uwyo.edu RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017; OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X; Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 347 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10640-005-3623-z PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 026PT UT WOS:000236355300005 ER PT J AU Goolsby, SLP Casey, PH Stuff, JE Zaghloul, S Weber, J Gossett, J Simpson, P Bogle, ML AF Goolsby, SLP Casey, PH Stuff, JE Zaghloul, S Weber, J Gossett, J Simpson, P Bogle, ML TI Consumption of calcium among African American adolescent girls SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE calcium; dietary intake; Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; DIETARY CALCIUM; BLOOD-PRESSURE; LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; HYPERTENSION; METAANALYSIS; CHILDREN; FEMALES AB Objective: To determine the adequacy of calcium intake of children by demographic group in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) and compare to national statistics. Design: FOODS 2000 was used to examine the dietary calcium intake of LMD children and compare it to US children in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996, 1998. Setting and Participants: The sample of 465 non-Hispanic children 3-17 years of age who live in 36 counties of the LMD was identified by using list-assisted randorn digit dialing methods. Main Outcome Measures: The t tests and z tests were performed for within- and between-sample comparisons. Logistic regression, controlling for energy, race, sex, age, and nutrition assistance was used as a measure of the association of sample characteristics with meeting adequate intake (Al) for calcium. An algorithm was used to calculate the rankings of calcium consumption from food categories. Results: Children in the LMD consumed significantly less calcium (P <.05) than children in the US sample. Percent of Al for calcium decreased as age increased. Persons who consumed less than the Al for calcium include females, Blacks, those not receiving nutritional assistance, and older children. Less than 22% of LMD and 27% of US 9- to 17-year-old children met their calcium Al. Sources of calcium were similar across subgroups and all included milk as their top contributor to calcium intake. Conclusion: interventions are needed to increase adolescents' calcium consumption, with particular focus on 9- to 17-year-old African American girls. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Goolsby, SLP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, 800 Marshall St,Slot 603, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM goolsbysl@archildrens.org NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 039YU UT WOS:000237345700021 PM 17682251 ER PT J AU Venette, RC Gould, JR AF Venette, RC Gould, JR TI A pest risk assessment for Copitarsia spp., Insects associated with importation of commodities into the United States SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Copitarsia; exotic species; international trade; pathway analysis; phytosanitary security; risk assessment ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Eggs and larvae of Copitarsia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are frequently intercepted on fresh commodities arriving in the United States from Mexico, Central America, and South America. Copitarsia spp. are not known to occur in the US and, thus, are considered actionable pests by the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS). Whenever the genus is detected in imported goods, shipments must be disinfested, destroyed, or returned to the country of origin. Inspections and interdictions might be unnecessary if Copitarsia spp. were unlikely to establish in the US or if consequences of Copitarsia establishment were trivial. Consequently, we prepared a qualitative pest risk assessment to characterize the degree of risk posed by the genus to US agricultural and natural ecosystems. Published literature was consulted to describe the biology and ecology of the genus. Trade statistics and interception records were summarized to identify pathways of introduction. With this information, experts assigned risk ratings to each of eleven elements identified by USDA, APHIS that pertained to the likelihood or consequence of exotic-pest establishment. The likelihood of Copitarsia spp. becoming established in the US was considered high, but confidence in this assessment was low. Similarly, consequences of Copitarsia establishment were rated high, but confidence in this assessment was moderate. Overall, the assessment revealed that Copitarsia pose a high degree of risk to the US and phytosanitary measures to exclude the pest seem warranted. However, additional research is needed to address critical data gaps and refine assessments of risk for individual species within the genus. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Mid W Ecol Risk Assessment Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, APHIS, Survey Detect & Eradicat Lab, Cape Cod, MA 02542 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venet001@umn.edu NR 82 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 2006 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s10681-006-5950-8 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 049LD UT WOS:000238016900014 ER PT J AU Moselewski, F Ferencik, M Achenbach, S Abbara, S Cury, RC Booth, SL Jang, IK Brady, TJ Hoffmann, U AF Moselewski, F Ferencik, M Achenbach, S Abbara, S Cury, RC Booth, SL Jang, IK Brady, TJ Hoffmann, U TI Threshold-dependent variability of coronary artery calcification measurements - implications for contrast-enhanced multi-detector row-computed tomography SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography (CT); experimental studies; coronary vessels; calcification ID ELECTRON-BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; IN-VITRO; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; IMAGE QUALITY; CALCIUM; DISEASE; CT; QUANTIFICATION; VIVO; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Introduction: The present study investigated the threshold-dependent variability of coronary artery calcification (CAC) measurements and the potential to quantify CAC in contrast-enhanced multi-detector row-computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: We compared the mean CT attenuation of CAC to luminal contrast enhancement of the coronary arteries in 30 patients (n = 30) undergoing standard coronary contrast-enhanced spiral MDCT. The modified Agatston score [AS], calcified plaque volume [CV], and mineral mass [MM]) at four different thresholds (130, 200, 300, and 400 HU) were measured in 50 patients who underwent non-contrast-enhanced MDCT. Results: Mean CT attenuation of CAC was similar to the attenuation of the contrast-enhanced coronary lumen (CAC 297.1 +/- 68.7 HU versus 295 +/- 65 HU (p < 0.0001), respectively). Above a threshold of 300 HU CAC measurements significantly varied to standard measurements obtained at a threshold of 130 HU (p < 0.0001). The threshold-dependent variation of MM measurements was significantly smaller than for AS and CV (130 HU versus 400 HU: 63, 75, and 8 1, respectively; p < 0.001). These differences resulted in a change of age and gender based percentile category for AS in 78% of subjects. Discussion: We demonstrated that CAC measurements are threshold dependent with MM measurements having significantly less variation than AS or CV. Due to the similarity of mean CT attenuation of CAC and the contrast-enhanced coronary lumen accurate quantification of CAC may be difficult in standard coronary contrast-enhanced spiral MDCT. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Hoffmann, U (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, 165 Charles River Plaza Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM uhoffman@partners.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL69272]; NIA NIH HHS [AG19147] NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0720-048X J9 EUR J RADIOL JI Eur. J. Radiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.12.026 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 021GF UT WOS:000235971000012 PM 16431067 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Torres, D George, J Capuco, AV Ellis, SE Fiorotto, ML AF Hadsell, DL Torres, D George, J Capuco, AV Ellis, SE Fiorotto, ML TI Changes in secretory cell turnover, and mitochondrial oxidative damage in the mouse mammary gland during a single prolonged lactation cycle suggest the possibility of accelerated cellular aging SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactation; apoptosis; oxidative stress; persistence; lipid peroxidation; carbonyl; cell cycle; mitochondria ID MILK-YIELD; EXTENDED LACTATION; METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; MICE; PROLIFERATION; INVOLUTION; PROLACTIN AB Milk synthesis by the mammary gland declines during prolonged lactation despite the continued suckling stimulus and complete removal of mammary secretions. Although this process has been hypothesized to result from cellular aging there has been no reported analysis of aging markers in the lactating mammary gland. The goal of these studies was to relate lactation performance in the mouse during a single prolonged lactation cycle to changes in mammary development and mitochondrial oxidative damage. During an artificially prolonged lactation cycle, the capacity of the dams to support litter growth decreased over time. This decrease was associated with decreased mammary epithelial content. Cell proliferation, along with the percentage of mammary progenitor cells, was high during early lactation, but low during prolonged lactation. Apoptosis increased during prolonged lactation. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA increased during the early postpartum period and retrained elevated through the end of the cycle. In contrast oxidative damage to mitochondrial protein was high during early lactation and decreased through mid lactation to increase again with prolonged lactation. The results suggest that a single prolonged lactation cycle may replicate on an accelerated basis some of the changes that occur with a lifetime of aging in organs possessing more stable cell populations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dhadsell@bcm.tmc.edu NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2005.12.005 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 030RY UT WOS:000236653300005 PM 16442254 ER PT J AU Landa, BB Mavrodi, OV Schroeder, KL Allende-Molar, R Weller, DM AF Landa, BB Mavrodi, OV Schroeder, KL Allende-Molar, R Weller, DM TI Enrichment and genotypic diversity of phlD-containing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in two soils after a century of wheat and flax monoculture SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic-producing bacteria; host preference; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG); Pseudomonas fluorescens ID ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; ALL DECLINE SOILS; BLACK ROOT-ROT; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; STRAINS; FREQUENCY AB Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) play a key role in the suppressiveness of some soils to take-all of wheat and other diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. Soils from side-by-side fields on the campus of North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA, which have undergone continuous wheat, continuous flax or crop rotation for over 100 years, were assayed for the presence of 2,4-DAPG producers. Flax and wheat monoculture, but not crop rotation, enriched for 2,4-DAPG producers, and population sizes of log 5.0 CFU g root(-1) or higher were detected in the rhizospheres of wheat and flax grown in the two monoculture soils. The composition of the genotypes enriched by the two crops differed. Four BOX-PCR genotypes (D, F, G, and J) and a new genotype (T) were detected among the 2,4-DAPG producers in the continuous flax soil, with F- and J-genotype isolates dominating (41 and 39% of the total, respectively). In contrast, two genotypes (D and I) were detected in the soil with continuous wheat, with D-genotype isolates comprising 77% of the total. In the crop-rotation soil, populations of 2,4-DAPG producers generally were below the detection limit, and only one genotype (J) was detected. Under growth-chamber and field conditions, D and I genotypes (enriched by wheat monoculture) colonized the wheat rhizosphere significantly better than isolates of other genotypes, while a J-genotype isolate colonized wheat and flax rhizospheres to the same extent. This study suggests that, over many years of monoculture, the crop species grown in a field enriches for genotypes of 2,4-DAPG producers from the reservoir of genotypes naturally present in the soil that are especially adapted to colonizing the rhizosphere of the crop grown. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Cordoba, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Agron & Montes, Dept Agron, Cordoba, Spain. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@mail.wsu.edu RI Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014; OI Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731; Allende-Molar, Raul/0000-0001-6193-3232 NR 55 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 351 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2005.00038.x PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 010EJ UT WOS:000235169400003 PM 16466375 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, CP TI New species and new combinations in the yeast genera Kregervanrija gen. nov., Saturnispora and Candida SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kregervanrija; Saturnispora; Candida; new genus; new species ID SACCHAROMYCES; PICHIA AB Analysis of nucleotide sequences from the domains 1 and 2 of the large-subunit rDNA demonstrated species of the Pichia fluxuum clade to be phylogenetically isolated, and domains 1 and 2 and internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analyses of strains phenotypically identified as P. fluxuum resulted in the discovery of three new species. From this work, the following new genus, new species, and new combinations are proposed: Kregervanrija gen. nov.; type species Kregervanrija fluxuum comb. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-4273, CBS 2287); Kregervanrija delftensis comb. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-7119, CBS 2614); Kregervanrija pseudodelftensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-5494, CBS 10105); Saturnispora besseyi comb. nov. (NRRL YB-4711, CBS 6343); Saturnispora mendoncae sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-11515, CBS 5620); and Candida abiesophila sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-11514, CBS 5366). C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kurtzman@ncaur.usda.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 2 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2005.00019.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 017MR UT WOS:000235698200013 PM 16487350 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; hemoglobin-beta; aquaculture ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ALPHA-GLOBIN; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SINGLE HEMOGLOBIN; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; CDNA; EXPRESSION; GENERATION; LINKAGE AB The hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. Total RNA from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. The sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. The open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kDa. The pI and charge at pH 7.0 of the deduced hemoglobin-beta protein were 7.28 and 0.47, respectively. Overall, 22 amino acid residues were conserved throughout the sequences, including His64 and His93, the sites for heme-binding. Unlike the counterpart of other common cultured fish such as Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus nerka, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella, the hemoglobin-beta of channel catfish did not have cysteine. The amino acid sequence of channel catfish hemoglobin-beta shows 84% homology with that of Silurus asotus (both are in the order Siluriformes). However, comparison with those of other fish species shows homology ranging from 53 to 68%. Structural analysis by the 3D-PSSM program displays that channel catfish hemoglobin-beta has eight alpha-helices, A-H. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd,POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM yyeh@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10695-006-7658-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 077UX UT WOS:000240057700011 PM 20035483 ER PT J AU Dobbs, TT Boyd, DW AF Dobbs, TT Boyd, DW TI Status and distribution of Montandoniola moraguesi (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) in the continental United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; predator; thrips; Thysanoptera; Florida ID LAUREL THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE; HETEROPTERA; PREDATION; BIOLOGY AB The exotic anthocorid Montandoniola moraguesi (Puton) was intentionally introduced in Hawaii and Bermuda for the control of thrips on outdoor plantings of ornamental Ficus. These successful programs resulted in similar efforts to introduce this predator at several locations within the continental United States. Such attempts to establish the bug as a component of biological control systems aimed at pest thrips apparently have been unsuccessful. Our surveys and requests for museum records revealed detections of M. moraguesi in four states: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Circumstances surrounding detections in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi suggest that viable populations may not currently exist in those states. M. moraguesi occurs widely throughout peninsular Florida, wherever outdoor plantings of exotic, ornamental Ficus spp. are found. An updated distribution of M. moraguesi is provided along with field observations and new thrips host records. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Miami Inspect Stn, Miami, FL 33159 USA. ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Dobbs, TT (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Miami Inspect Stn, POB 59-2136, Miami, FL 33159 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[41:SADOMM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300006 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Ciomperlik, MA Chang, NT Richards, M Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Ciomperlik, MA Chang, NT Richards, M Henneberry, TJ TI Developing and evaluating traps for monitoring Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Scirtothrips dorsalis; Frankliniella occidentalis; Thrips palmi; CC traps; Caribbean area ID STICKY TRAPS; COLOR; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; HEIGHT AB Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a recently identified invasive pest to the Caribbean and poses a significant threat to agriculture and trade in the region. Methods are needed to detect the presence and to monitor populations of this pest so that it can be effectively managed. Three different CC trap base colors (blue, yellow, and white) with or without dichlorvos as a killing agent, and a newly developed and named the Blue-D trap were studied in Taiwan and St. Vincent for attraction and capture of S. dorsalis. In lemons in Taiwan, mean numbers of S. dorsalis caught in Blue-D traps were greater compared with dichlorvos cube modified CC traps. In St. Vincent chili pepper plantings, the Blue-D traps caught more Thrips palmi (Karny), Frankliniella sp., and Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) than dichlorvos cube modified CC traps. More Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall), T palmi, Frankliniella sp., and M. abdominalis were caught in blue and white base CC traps than yellow base CC traps. Average captures per CC trap per week were 0.07 and 0.02-0.09 S. dorsalis in Taiwan and St. Vincent, respectively. There were no differences in S. dorsalis captures in white, blue, or yellow base CC traps. The average weekly S. dorsalis catch for yellow sticky card traps was 19.8. CC traps can be used for detection of S. dorsali and collecting intact S. dorsalis for taxonomic and genetic determinations when a few of the species are found in a large commercial production at-ea. Yellow sticky traps can be used for monitoring S. dorsalis populations. A combination detecting system of visual observation, yellow sticky traps, and CC traps may be an effective S. dorsalis population detecting and monitoring system. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ,CPHST, Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan. Minist Agr & Fisheries, Kingston, St Vincent, Jamaica. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM cchu@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[47:DAETFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300007 ER PT J AU Lewter, JA Szalanski, AL Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL Owens, CB Luttrell, RG AF Lewter, JA Szalanski, AL Nagoshi, RN Meagher, RL Owens, CB Luttrell, RG TI Genetic variation within and between strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE COI; COII; ITS-1; DNA sequence; genetic variation; population genetics; Spodoptera frugiperda ID HOST STRAINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; HAPLOTYPES; COLEOPTERA; EVOLUTION AB Limited information exists on molecular genetic variation and distribution of the corn and rice strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). This study was conducted to investigate the genetic structure of S. frugiperda across a part of its range in the United States. A 608-base-pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and 11 genes was sequenced from 71 individuals resulting in three corn and four lice strain haplotypes. Genetic divergence between the two strains ranged from 0.66 to 0.99%. A 562-base-pair region of the nuclear ITS-1 gene was also amplified and sequenced from 17 individuals representing both corn and rice strains. No variation was detected in any of the samples for the ITS-1 region. Analysis of molecular variance was conducted on the resulting mtDNA haplotypes from the Arkansas and Florida populations and as a hierarchical analysis between populations in the two states. Results indicate a significant overall Phi(ST) for all populations with the hierarchical analysis revealing that this significant Phi(ST) is due to structuring of the populations between states. The observed genetic structure is possibly due to the distribution of fall armyworm strains. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Lewter, JA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[63:GVWABS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300009 ER PT J AU Streett, DA Freeland, TB Vander Meer, RK AF Streett, DA Freeland, TB Vander Meer, RK TI Survey of imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) populations in Mississippi SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, Off Chief Economist, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. ARS, USDA, Imported Fire Ant & Household Insect Res Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Streett, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[91:SOIFAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300016 ER PT J AU Raina, A Gelman, D Huber, C Spencer, N AF Raina, A Gelman, D Huber, C Spencer, N TI Laboratory rearing procedures for two lepidopteran weed biocontrol agents SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID PTEROLONCHE-INSPERSA LEP; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ZOEGANA L LEPIDOPTERA; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; UNITED-STATES; MACULOSA; MANAGEMENT; COCHYLIDAE; RELEASE C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM araina@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[95:LRPFTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300018 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Sittertz-Bhatkar, H AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Sittertz-Bhatkar, H TI Peritrophic matrix of the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTRON MICROSCOPY C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Image Anal Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[99:PMOTFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300020 ER PT J AU Howard, FW Hodges, GS Gates, MW AF Howard, FW Hodges, GS Gates, MW TI First report of conchaspis cordiae (Hemiptera : Conchaspididae) in Florida and the United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Florida State Collect Arthropods, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. ARS, USDA, PSI,SEL, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Howard, FW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 102 EP 104 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[102:FROCCH]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 025GC UT WOS:000236252300021 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Binder, RG AF Brandon, DL Binder, RG TI 2-Morpholinoethylisocyanide as a coupling agent for hapten-protein conjugates SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hapten; antibodies; benzimidazole ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; EPITOPE DENSITY; IMMUNOGENICITY; ISOCYANIDES; MOLECULES; LIVER; ELISA; ACID AB Conjugation of haptens to proteins and enzymes is essential for the production of antibodies and development of ELISAs for these low molecular weight compounds. In this study, protein conjugates of several carboxylic haptens were prepared using the peptide synthesis reagent, 2-morpholinoethylisocyanide. The haptens included derivatives of benzimidazole and pyridoxine. The main advantage of this conjugation procedure is its simplicity involving only small volumes of water-miscible organic reagents. The resulting conjugates were purified by dialysis and could be used to elicit antibodies and establish immunoassays. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dbrandon@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1080/09540100600593400 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 021KO UT WOS:000235982300006 ER PT J AU Nam, SH Choi, SP Kang, MY Koh, HJ Kozukue, N Friedman, M AF Nam, SH Choi, SP Kang, MY Koh, HJ Kozukue, N Friedman, M TI Antioxidative activities of bran extracts from twenty one pigmented rice cultivars SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pigmented rice; antioxidative activity; radical scavenging activity; anthocyanin pigments; health-promoting rice ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; BLACK RICE; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CAROTENE; NITRIC-OXIDE; WHITE RICE; INHIBITION; IRON AB Ethanol-water (70:30, v/v) extracts from the bran of rice seeds from twenty one pigmented and one nonpigmented rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative activities using the following tests: inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid; inhibition of peroxidation of rabbit lipid erythrocyte membranes; reduction of potassium ferricyanide, and scavenging of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. With some exceptions, extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had higher antioxidative activity than did the nonpigmented variety. The following pigmented cultivars had the highest antioxidative activities in all tests: Jumlalocal-1, Parnkhari 203, DZ78, LKI-3-6-12-1-1, and Elwee. A significant correlation was also noted between reducing power, inhibition of erythrocyte ghost membrane peroxidation, and superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging. The results suggest that: (a) ferricyanide reducing power might be a useful and simple index for large-scale evaluation of antioxidative potencies of natural products present in rice; (b) pigmented rice varieties with high antioxidative activities provide a source of antioxidants and a genetic resource to develop new health-promoting rice cultivars. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Yeungnam Univ, Dept Human Ecol, Gyongsan 712749, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nam, SH (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM shnam@ajou.ac.kr; mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 42 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 94 IS 4 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 968WY UT WOS:000232194900019 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Tilley, JW Hawley, GJ DeHayes, DH Bailey, SW AF Schaberg, PG Tilley, JW Hawley, GJ DeHayes, DH Bailey, SW TI Associations of calcium and aluminum with the growth and health of sugar maple trees in Vermont SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calcium; aluminum; sugar maple; Acer sacchanan; growth; decline ID MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CALCIUM; SPRUCE MESOPHYLL-CELLS; FOLIAR NUTRIENT STATUS; RED SPRUCE; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ACER-SACCHARUM; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NORTHERN VERMONT AB We compared tree growth and crown condition with soil and foliar elemental composition in 14 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands in VT, USA, to evaluate if deficiencies or imbalances in cation nutrition were associated with growth and health reductions in native stands. The Till Source Model (TSM) was used to select study sites potentially high or low in calcium (Ca) by predicting the relative Ca concentration of soil parent material derived from glacial till. The TSM successfully identified high or low levels of soil Ca (P = 0.031) and foliar Ca (P = 0.011) among stands. Although soil Ca, potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe) concentrations were all associated with stand growth and health, the influence of K, P, and Fe on health appeared indirect and potentially a result of autocorrelations between Ca and these nutrients. The only cases where improved health coincided with increased soil element content involved Ca and molar ratios of Ca and aluminum (Al). Among foliar nutrients, significant relationships with elevated branch dieback were only found for low foliar Ca (P = 0.021) and high foliar Al (P = 0.035). Average annual basal area growth during the decade prior to sampling was lower for trees in stands with low foliar Ca (P = 0.050) and high foliar Al (P = 0.017). These data emphasize the importance of Ca and Al to sugar maple health and highlight the vulnerability of sugar maple stands to declines in growth and vigor following continued anthropogenic Ca depletion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hubbard Brook Expt Forest, USDA, Compton, NH 03223 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 85 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.067 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018QQ UT WOS:000235780300016 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Oliver, WW AF Zhang, JW Oliver, WW TI Stand structure and growth of Abies magnifica responded to five thinning levels in northeastern California, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE growth response; minimum temperature; red fir; stand structure; thinning ID OVERSTORY REMOVAL; WHITE-FIR; DOUGLAS-FIR; RED FIR; REGENERATION; SEEDLINGS; FORESTS AB A 60-year-old red fir stand with 23,950 stems/ha was thinned to five stand densities. Thinning occurred in 1972, 1976, and 1980. Height, dbh, and crown characteristics were measured seven times at 4-7-year intervals from 1972 to 2002. Tree rings were measured retrospectively to determine growth of individual years. Periodic annual increment (PAI) was analyzed for quadratic mean diameter (QMD), height, crown volume, and basal area per ha. We found significant difference for all variables among thinning levels and among measurement periods (P < 0.002). Trees in heavily thinned plots grew more in height, dbh, and crown volume than trees in lightly thinned plots. The trends were true for the eight tallest trees per plot (= 100 trees/ha) for height and dbh. Yet, both total and PAI stand basal area were greater in the lightly thinned plots than in the heavily thinned plots. Thinning intensity accelerated the transformation in diameter distribution from either reverse 'J' or skewed shape to a bell-shape. In addition, the heavier thinned plots increased stand vigor and health as indicated by less snow damage and stem deformities than the lighter thinned plots. Annual diameter growth was significantly related to average minimum temperature during the growing season. We conclude that thinning young red fir stands to a wide spacing will enhance stand development and minimize damage to the residual trees. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM jianweizhang@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.007 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 018QQ UT WOS:000235780300028 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Muehl, JH Krzysik, AM AF Clausen, CA Muehl, JH Krzysik, AM TI Properties of structural panels fabricated from bioremediated CCA-treated wood: Pilot scale SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OXALIC-ACID EXTRACTION; REMEDIATION PROCESS; REMOVAL; COPPER; PRESERVATIVES AB Particleboard and flakeboard panels were fabricated from remediated CCA-treated southern yellow pine. Treated wood, flaked or comminuted into particles, was remediated in 12-kg batches using oxalic acid extraction, followed by bioleaching with the metal-tolerant bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. Remediation resulted in removal of 80 percent Cu, 71 percent Cr, and 89 percent As for the particulate material and 83 percent Cu, 86 percent Cr, and 95 percent As for the flaked material. Particleboard and flakeboard panels were evaluated for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bond (IB) strength. Particleboard made from remediated material with 10 percent urea-formaldehyde resin showed an 18 percent reduction in MOE, 47 percent reduction in MOR, and 37 percent reduction in IB strength compared to comparable panels made from untreated wood. Flakeboard prepared from remediated material with 5 percent phenol-formaldehyde resin showed insignificant differences in MOE and MOR, and a 16 percent increase in IB strength compared to panels consisting of untreated wood. Properties of remediated particleboard were significantly diminished compared to those of panels made with untreated wood. MOR and MOE of remediated flakeboard were comparable to that of untreated material, but IB strength was increased. Flake geometry and type of resin, as well as differences in surface area and metal removal between the two wood geometries, may all account for variations in panel properties. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us; jmuehl@fs.fed.us; akrzysik@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 025UM UT WOS:000236292400006 ER PT J AU Kabir, MF Leininger, TD Araman, PA Winn, MF AF Kabir, MF Leininger, TD Araman, PA Winn, MF TI Detection of wetwood by ultrasonics SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; BACTERIAL WETWOOD; MOISTURE-CONTENT; RED OAKS; WOOD; DEFECTS; LUMBER AB Wetwood, or bacterially infected wood, is a severe processing problem and causes serious drying defects in lumber. The detection of wetwood is, therefore, important for proper processing and quality wood products. An investigation has been carried out to detect wetwood of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.), water oak (Quercus nigra, L.), hickory (Carya spp.), and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides, Bartr. ex Marsh.) using ultrasound signals. The ultrasound measurements were carried out at different moisture contents (MCs) in three different grain directions: longitudinal (L), radial (R), and tangential (T). Each ultrasonic waveform was characterized using eight ultrasonic variables: three involving time of flight, two involving ultrasound pulse energy, one using ultrasound pulse duration, and one for peak frequency. Linear positive correlations were found for most of the tithe of flight (TOF) measurements with MC. A significant strong correlation was found for TOF-energy. Wetwood exhibited higher MC than healthy wood for all species and higher specific gravity for hickory. Results also showed that wetwood has a higher TOF and greater loss of energy compared to healthy wood. The grain orientation has a significant effect on ultrasound signal propagation with the lowest TOF and energy loss in the L direction. This study suggests that wetwood in living trees as well as in lumber can be identified using ultrasound-based systems. C1 Amer Woodmark Corp, Winchester, VA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Sta, Stoneville, MS USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Sta, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Kabir, MF (reprint author), Amer Woodmark Corp, Winchester, VA USA. EM fkabir@woodmark.com; tleininger@fs.fed.us; paraman@vt.edu; mwinn@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 025UM UT WOS:000236292400013 ER PT J AU Li, YX Wang, JX Miller, G McNeel, J AF Li, YX Wang, JX Miller, G McNeel, J TI Production economics of harvesting small-diameter hardwood stands in central Appalachia SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREES; COST AB Three harvesting systems of chainsaw/cable skidder, feller-buncher/grapple skidder, and harvester/forwarder were simulated in harvesting three hardwood stands 30 to 50 years old in central Appalachia. Stands were generated by using a 3D stand generator. Harvesting prescriptions included clearcut, shelterwood cut, selective cut, diameter limit cut, and crop tree release cut. The interactions among stands, harvest prescriptions, and harvesting systems were evaluated statistically in terms of production, cost, and traffic intensity. The weekly production of the chainsaw/cable skidder system was 5,773 ft(3) (163 m) with a unit cost of $38 per 100 cubic feet (cunit) ($13.4/m(3)). The Teller-buncher/grapple skidder and harvester/forwarder systems could produce 22,153 ft3 (627 m(3)), and 8,423 ft3 (239 m(3)) with the unit cost of $34.3/cunit ($12/m(3)) and $46.8/cunit ($17/m(3)), respectively. Results indicated that the feller-buncher/grapple skidder system was the most productive and cost-effective system for harvesting small-diameter hardwood stands in central Appalachia under the simulated harvesting prescriptions. Compared to harvesting mature stands, harvesting small-diameter hardwood stands was about 15 percent (felling) and 14 percent (extraction) less productive, and 29 percent (felling) and 13 percent (extraction) more expensive. Results should help planners, loggers, and foresters efficiently manage and utilize small-diameter materials in the region. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Sta, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Li, YX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM yali@wvu.edu; jxwang@wvu.edu; gwmiller@fs.fed.us; jmcneel@wvu.edu NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 56 IS 3 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 025UM UT WOS:000236292400015 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA White, JC Bentz, BJ Ebata, T AF Wulder, MA White, JC Bentz, BJ Ebata, T TI Augmenting the existing survey hierarchy for mountain pine beetle red-attack damage with satellite remotely sensed data SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual General Meeting and Convention of the Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry/Institut-Forestier-du-Canada and Society-of-American-Foresters on One Forest Under Two Flags CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Forestry/Inst Forestier Canada, Soc Amer Foresters DE mountain pine beetle; red-attack; remote sensing; detection; Landsat; lKONOS ID SYSTEM; MODEL; INFESTATION; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; LANDSCAPE; FORESTS; IMAGERY AB Estimates of the location and extent of the red-attack stage of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestations are critical for forest management. The degree of spatial and temporal precision required for these estimates varies according to the management objectives and the nature of the infestation. This paper outlines the range of information requirements associated with mountain pine beetle infestations, from the perspectives of forest inventory, planning, and modeling. Current methods used to detect and map red-attack damage form a hierarchy of increasingly detailed data sources. The capability of satellite-based remotely sensed data to integrate into this hierarchy and provide data that is complementary to existing survey methods is presented, with specific examples using medium (Landsat) and high (IKONOS) spatial resolution imagery. The importance of matching the information requirement to the appropriate data source is emphasized as a means to reduce the overhead associated with data collection and processing. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT USA. British Columbia Minist Forests, Forest Pract Branch, Harvesting & Silviculture Pract Sect, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mike.wulder@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 82 IS 2 BP 187 EP 202 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040LR UT WOS:000237380600031 ER PT J AU Sader, SA Jin, SM Metzler, JW Hoppus, M AF Sader, SA Jin, SM Metzler, JW Hoppus, M TI Exploratory analysis of forest harvest and regeneration pattern among multiple landowners SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual General Meeting and Convention of the Canadian-Institute-of-Forestry/Institut-Forestier-du-Canada and Society-of-American-Foresters on One Forest Under Two Flags CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Forestry/Inst Forestier Canada, Soc Amer Foresters DE remote sensing; landsat; change detection; harvest intensity; forest regeneration; forest landowners ID LANDSAT TM DATA; UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; INVENTORY; RED AB A land cover map (1993) was combined with an updated forest change detection map (1991-2000) to examine forest harvest activity, mostly on private commercial forest lands. Landsat change detection methods indicated that industrial forest owners harvested a higher percentage of forest than non-industrial owners in a northern Maine study area. In the 1980s, the percentage of forest harvested across all ownership classes (five) was higher, the mean harvest patch size was larger, patches were more compact, and the mean perimeter to area ratios were smaller compared to data from the 1990s. For all patch metrics, there was a significant time period effect but there was no effect among landowners. Larger harvest patch size in the 1980s may be partially explained by extensive salvage logging that occurred in the wake of a massive spruce budworm infestation in the 1970s. Softwood types were dominant (> 80%) in regeneration stands approximately 15-25 years old on all ownerships. Medium spatial resolution Landsat imagery shows promise as a landscape level tool to monitor forest change patterns and trends across multiple ownerships. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Forest Management, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Forest Soc Maine, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Sader, SA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Forest Management, 260 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM sader@umenfa.maine.edu; suming_jin@umit.maine.edu; Jake@fsmaine.org; mhoppus@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 82 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 040LR UT WOS:000237380600032 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM AF Liebhold, AM TI Demilitarizing invasion biology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM aliebhold@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021JM UT WOS:000235979500014 ER PT J AU Kaput, J Astley, S Renkema, M Ordovas, J van Ommen, B AF Kaput, Jim Astley, Sian Renkema, Marten Ordovas, Jose van Ommen, Ben TI Harnessing Nutrigenomics: Development of web-based communication, databases, resources, and tools SO GENES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE best practices; information portal; international; alliances; Nutrigenomics ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS; LINKAGE; TRAITS; MAP AB Nutrient - gene interactions are responsible for maintaining health and preventing or delaying disease. Unbalanced diets for a given genotype lead to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and are likely to contribute to increased severity and/or early-onset of many age-related diseases. Many nutrition and many genetic studies still fail to properly include both variables in the design, execution, and analyses of human, laboratory animal, or cell culture experiments. The complexity of nutrient - gene interactions has led to the realization that strategic international alliances are needed to improve the completeness of nutrigenomic studies - a task beyond the capabilities of a single laboratory team. Eighty-eight researchers from 22 countries recently outlined the issues and challenges for harnessing the nutritional genomics for public and personal health. The next step in the process of forming productive international alliances is the development of a virtual center for organizing collaborations and communications that foster resources sharing, best practices improvements, and creation of databases. We describe here plans and initial efforts of creating the Nutrigenomics Information Portal, a web-based resource for the international nutrigenomics society. This portal aims at becoming the prime source of information and interaction for nutrigenomics scientists through a collaborative effort. C1 [Kaput, Jim] Univ Illinois, Dept Surg, Lab Nutrigenom Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kaput, Jim; Astley, Sian; van Ommen, Ben] Univ Illinois, NuGO, European Nutrigenom Org, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kaput, Jim] Univ Calif Davis, NCMHD Ctr Excellence Nutrit Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Astley, Sian] Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. [Renkema, Marten] Topshare Int BV, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kaput, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Surg, Lab Nutrigenom Med, 840 S Wood St,MC 958, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM jkaput@uic.edu FU National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics [MD 00222]; National Institutes of Health/NHLBI [HL54776]; US Department of Agriculture Research Servic [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; European Union [EU FP6 NoE, CT2004-505944] FX The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics, Grant MD 00222; from the National Institutes of Health/NHLBI grant HL54776, contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service,; and from the European Union, EU FP6 NoE Grant, Contract No. CT2004-505944. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1555-8932 J9 GENES NUTR JI Genes Nutr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF02829931 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 339DW UT WOS:000258559300001 PM 18850216 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA Shahid, M AF Jaradat, AA Shahid, M TI Patterns of phenotypic variation in a germplasm collection of Carthamus tinctorius L. from the Middle East SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carthamus; diversity; Middle East; safflower ID GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; SAFFLOWER; DIVERSITY; INHERITANCE AB Phenotypic diversity was assessed for quantitative and qualitative traits in a salt-tolerant subset of the international safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm collection originating from 11 countries in three regions (Central Asia, Southwest Asia and Africa) of the Middle East. Phenotypically, the germplasm, among and within regions, was highly variable, especially for rosette- and yield-related traits. Frequency of desirable variants of seven agronomically important traits ranged from 14% for long rosette period to 50% for no or few spines. Level of population differentiation was high for number of capitula per plant (30%), whereas most traits partitioned their diversity (82-87%) within populations. Region-specific nonrandom associations among sets of qualitative traits and the existence of broad morphological and phenotypic diversity in this germplasm were supported by the large number of log-linear models needed to describe qualitative trait associations, the high number of principal components needed to account for total variability, and the low discriminatory power of phenotypic traits among germplasm from regions and countries in the Middle East. These results suggest that adaptation of the species to the wide spatial and temporal variation in the Middle East resulted in a multitude of ecotypes and in enormous amount of local variation. A multivariate selection criterion for high biological and seed yield, long rosette period and no or few spines identified five accessions from Southwest Asia that can be introduced into subsistence farming systems as a multipurpose crop under saline agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. ICBA, Plant Genet Resources Program, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jaradat@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 225 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10722-004-6150-9 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 011LL UT WOS:000235269600002 ER PT J AU Walling, JG Shoemaker, R Young, N Mudge, J Jackson, S AF Walling, JG Shoemaker, R Young, N Mudge, J Jackson, S TI Chromosome-level homeology in paleopolyploid soybean (Glycine max) revealed through integration of genetic and chromosome maps SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; GENOME DUPLICATION; LINKAGE MAP; RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; DNA; PLANT; POLYPLOIDY AB Soybean has 20 chromosome pairs that are derived from at least two rounds of genomewide duplication or polyploidy events although, cytogenetically, soybean behaves like a diploid and has disomic inheritance for most loci. Genetically anchored genomic clones were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine the level of postpolyploid chromosomal rearrangements and to integrate the genetic and physical maps to (1) assign linkage groups to specific chromosomes, (2) assess chromosomal structure, and (3) determine the distribution of recombination along the length of a chromosome. FISH mapping of seven putatively gene-rich BACs from linkage group L, (chromosome 19) revealed that most Of the genetic map correlates to the highly euchromatic long arm and that there is extensive homeology with another chromosome pair, although colinearity of some loci does appear to be disrupted. Moreover, mapping of BACs containing high-copy sequences revealed sequestration of high-copy repeats to the pericentromeric regions of this chromosome. Taken together, these data present a model of chromosome structure in a highly duplicated but diploidized eukaryote, soybean. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jackson, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM sjackson@purdue.edu NR 36 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 3 BP 1893 EP 1900 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.051466 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 030XG UT WOS:000236668100044 PM 16361231 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Ersoz, E Brown, GR Wheeler, NC Neale, DB AF Gonzalez-Martinez, SC Ersoz, E Brown, GR Wheeler, NC Neale, DB TI DNA sequence variation and selection of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms at candidate genes for drought-stress response in Pinus taeda L. SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX TRAITS; WATER-DEFICIT; DOUGLAS-FIR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BALANCING SELECTION AB Genetic association studies are rapidly becoming the experimental approach of choice to dissect complex traits, including tolerance to drought stress, which is the most common cause of mortality and yield losses in forest trees. Optimization of association mapping requires knowledge of the patterns of nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium and the selection Of Suitable polymorphisms for genotyping. Moreover, standard neutrality tests applied to DNA sequence variation data can be used to select candidate genes or amino acid sites that are putatively under selection for association mapping. In this article, we study the pattern of polymorphism of 18 candidate genes for drought-stress response in Pinus taeda L., an important tree crop. Data analyses based on a set of 21 putatively neutral nuclear microsatellites did not show population genetic structure or genomewide departures from neutrality. Candidate genes had moderate average nucleotide diversity at silent sites (pi(sil)=0.00853), varying 100-fold among single genes. The level of within-gene LD was low, with an average pairwise r(2) of 0.30, decaying rapidly from similar to 0.50 to similar to 0.20 at 800 bp. No apparent LD among genes was found. A selective sweep may have occurred at the early-response-to-drought-3 (erd3) gene, although population expansion can also explain our results and evidence for selection was not conclusive. One other gene, ccoaomt-1, a methylating enzyme involved in lignification, showed dimorphism (i.e., two highly divergent haplotype lineages at equal frequency), which is commonly associated with the long-term action of balancing selection. Finally, a set of haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) was selected. Using htSNPs, a reduction of genotyping effort of similar to 30-40%, while sampling most common allelic variants, can be gained in Our ongoing association Studies for drought tolerance in pine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA, Forest Serv,Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. INIA, CIFOR, Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Syst & Resources, Madrid 28040, Spain. Weyerhaeuser Co, Weyerhaeuser Tech Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98477 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA, Forest Serv,Inst Forest Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/H-2014-2012 OI Gonzalez-Martinez, Santiago C/0000-0002-4534-3766 NR 80 TC 114 Z9 126 U1 7 U2 46 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 3 BP 1915 EP 1926 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.047126 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 030XG UT WOS:000236668100046 PM 16387885 ER PT J AU Saha, S Jenkins, JN Wu, JX McCarty, JC Gutierrez, OA Percy, RG Cantrell, RG Stelly, DM AF Saha, S Jenkins, JN Wu, JX McCarty, JC Gutierrez, OA Percy, RG Cantrell, RG Stelly, DM TI Effects of chromosome-specific introgression in upland cotton on fiber and agronomic traits SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; BREAD WHEAT; HIRSUTUM; LINES; SUBSTITUTIONS; LOCI; PERFORMANCE; LOCATION; QUALITY; GENOME AB Interspecific chromosome substitution is among the most powerful means of introgression and steps toward quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. By reducing the genetic "noise" from other chromosomes, it greatly empowers the detection of genetic effects by specific chromosomes on quantitative traits. Here, we report oil such results for 14 cotton lines (CS-B) With specific chromosomes or chromosome arms from G. barbadense L. substituted into C. hirsutum and chromosome-specific F-2 families. Boll size, lint percentage, micronaire, 2.5% span length, elongation, Strength, and yield were measured by replicated field experiments in five diverse environments and analyzed under all additive-dominance (AD) genetic model with genotype and environment interaction. Additive effects were significant for all traits and dominance effects were significant for all traits except 2.5% span length. CS-B25 had additive effects increasing fiber strength and fiber length and decreasing micronaire. CS-B16 and CS-B18 had additive effects related to reduced yields. The results point toward specific chromosomes of G. barbadense3-79 as the probable locations of the genes that significantly affect quantitative traits of importance. Our results is provided a scope to analyze individual chromosomes of the genome in homozygous and heterozygous conditions and thus detected novel effects of alleles controlling important QTL. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, Dept Agr, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. Cotton Inc, Raleigh, NC 27513 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, 810 Highway 12E,POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ssaha@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009; OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 48 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 3 BP 1927 EP 1938 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.053371 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 030XG UT WOS:000236668100047 PM 16387867 ER PT J AU Lawrence, CJ Seigfried, TE Bass, HW Anderson, LK AF Lawrence, CJ Seigfried, TE Bass, HW Anderson, LK TI Predicting chromosomal locations of genetically mapped loci in maize using the Morgan2McClintock Translator SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; MAPS; GENOMICS; MARKERS AB The Morgan2McClintock Translator permits prediction of meiotic pachytene chromosome map positions from recombination-based linkage data using recombination nodule frequency distributions. Its outputs permit estimation of DNA content between mapped loci and help to create an integrated overview of the maize nuclear genome structure. C1 Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lawrence, CJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 1565 Agron Hall, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM triffid@iastate.edu RI Bass, Hank/I-4962-2012; Lawrence, Carolyn/N-3367-2014 OI Lawrence, Carolyn/0000-0003-0069-1430 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 172 IS 3 BP 2007 EP 2009 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.054155 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 030XG UT WOS:000236668100055 PM 16387866 ER PT J AU Baek, KH Skinner, DZ Ling, P Chen, XM AF Baek, KH Skinner, DZ Ling, P Chen, XM TI Molecular structure and organization of the wheat genomic manganese superoxide dismutase gene SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE aY963808; BAC clone; manganese superoxide dismutase; gene; promoter; transposable element ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; CPG-ISLANDS; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; WINTER-WHEAT; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; TOLERANCE; DNA AB The genomic structure of a manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene in wheat was elucidated by sequencing a clone from a BAC library of a stripe rust resistant wheat line. The clone was identified by hybridization with a wheat MnSOD cDNA. The gene consisted of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns with a total length of 4770 nucleotides from the start codon to the termination codon. The wheat MnSOD gene was the longest among those sequenced from plant species. The transcription initiation site was preceded by a G+C-rich promoter without a TATA or CAAT box. The promoter contained many putative cis-acting regulatory elements, including an abscisic acid (ABA)responsive element, a stress-responsive element, and a GC-repeat, as well as several other structural features in common with the promoter of the rice MnSOD gene. A Stowaway-like transposable element was found in intron 5 of the wheat MnSOD gene, but further investigation revealed the transposable element was not present in all copies of the MnSOD genes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1139/G05-102 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 051VQ UT WOS:000238190200003 PM 16604103 ER PT J AU Chung, SM Staub, JE Chen, JF AF Chung, SM Staub, JE Chen, JF TI Molecular phylogeny of Cucumis species as revealed by consensus chloroplast SSR marker length and sequence variation SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; universal; marker; simple sequence repeats; SSR; microsatellite; genetic relationship ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; SATIVUS L.; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; HYSTRIX CHAKR.; GENUS CUCUMIS; CUCURBITACEAE; METULIFERUS; ISOZYME; HYBRIDS AB To investigate phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cucumis. 9 consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccSSR) primer pairs (ccSSR3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, and 23) were employed for DNA fragment length variation and 5 amplified fragments, ccSSR4, 12, 13, 19, and 20, were sequenced using total DNA from 13 accessions representing 7 African Cucumis species (x = 12), 3 Cucumis melo L. (x = 12) accessions, 2 Cucumis sativus L. (x = 7) accessions, and I Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (x = 12) accession. A Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (x = 11) accession was used as an outgroup. While fragment length analysis revealed the existence of 3 major species clusters (i.e., a group of African Cucumis species, a group composed of C. melo accessions, and a group containing C. sativus and C. hystrix species), sequence variation analysis identified 2 major species clusters (i.e., a group of African Cucumis species and a group composed of C. melo, C. sativus, and C. hystrix species). Comparative analysis using nuclear DNA (previous studies) and cpDNA sequence substitution data resulted in the placement of C. melo and C. sativus in different cluster groupings. Thus, both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA should be employed and compared when a putative progenitor or specimens of an ancestral Cucumis species lineage is investigated. In addition. C. ficifolius (2x) and C. aculeatus (4x) of the African Cucumis species clustered together in this study. This result does not agree with reported isozyme analyses, but does agree with previously characterized chromosome homologies between these 2 species. Although African Cucumis species and C. hystrix do not share a close relationship, genetic affinities between C. sativus and C. hystrix are considerable. Combined evidence from previously published studies and data presented herein lend support to the hypothesis that C. hystrix is either a progenitor species of C. sativus or that they at least share a common ancestral lineage. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Chung, SM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sminjin@gmail.com NR 59 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1139/G05-101 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 051VQ UT WOS:000238190200004 PM 16604104 ER PT J AU Murphy, SK Nolan, CM Huang, ZQ Kucera, KS Freking, BA Smith, TPL Leymaster, KA Weidman, JR Jirtle, RL AF Murphy, SK Nolan, CM Huang, ZQ Kucera, KS Freking, BA Smith, TPL Leymaster, KA Weidman, JR Jirtle, RL TI Callipyge mutation affects gene expression in cis: A potential role for chromatin structure SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; POLAR OVERDOMINANCE; TRANS-INTERACTION; IMPRINTED GENES; LOCUS; DLK1; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN AB Muscular hypertrophy in callipyge sheep results from a single nucleotide Substitution located in the genomic interval between the imprinted Delta, Drosophila, Homolog-like I (DLK1) and Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (MEG3). The mechanism linking the mutation to muscle hypertrophy is unclear but involves DLKI overexpression. The Mutation is contained within CLPG1 transcripts produced from this region. Herein we show that CLPG1 is expressed prenatally in the hypertrophy-responsive longissimus dorsi muscle by all four possible genotypes, but postnatal expression is restricted to sheep carrying the mutation. Surprisingly, the mutation results ill nonimprinted monoallelic transcription of CLPG1 from only the mutated allele in adult sheep, whereas it is expressed biallelically during prenatal development. We further demonstrate that local CpG methylation is altered by the presence of the mutation in longissimus dorsi of postnatal sheep. For 10 CpG sites flanking the mutation, methylation is similar prenatally across genotypes, but doubles postnatally in normal sheep. This normal postnatal increase ill methylation is significantly repressed in sheep carrying one copy of the mutation, and repressed even further in sheep with two Mutant alleles. The attenuation ill methylation status in the callipyge sheep correlates with the onset of the phenotype, Continued CLPG1 transcription, and hi.-h-level expression of DLKI. In contrast, normal sheep exhibit hypermethylation Of this locus after birth and CLPG1 silencing, which coincides with DLKI transcriptional repression. These data are consistent with the notion that the callipyge Mutation inhibits perinatal nucleation of regional chromatin condensation resulting in Continued elevated transcription of prenatal DLKI levels in adult callipyge sheep. We propose a model incorporating these results that call also account for the enigmatic normal phenotype of homozygous Mutant sheep. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept OB GYN, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Dept Agr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Jirtle, RL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM jirtle@radonc.duke.edu RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008; OI Murphy, Susan/0000-0001-8298-7272 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA025951, CA94668, F32 CA094668, CA25951]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08823, R21 ES013053, R01 ES008823, ES13053] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1101/gr.4389306 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 018CZ UT WOS:000235742700007 PM 16415109 ER PT J AU Udall, JA Swanson, JM Haller, K Rapp, RA Sparks, ME Hatfield, J Yu, YS Wu, YR Dowd, C Arpat, AB Sickler, BA Wilkins, TA Guo, JY Chen, XY Scheffler, J Taliercio, E Turley, R McFadden, H Payton, P Klueva, N Allen, R Zhang, DS Haigler, C Wilkerson, C Suo, JF Schulze, SR Pierce, ML Essenberg, M Kim, H Llewellyn, DJ Dennis, ES Kudrna, D Wing, R Paterson, AH Soderlund, C Wendel, JF AF Udall, JA Swanson, JM Haller, K Rapp, RA Sparks, ME Hatfield, J Yu, YS Wu, YR Dowd, C Arpat, AB Sickler, BA Wilkins, TA Guo, JY Chen, XY Scheffler, J Taliercio, E Turley, R McFadden, H Payton, P Klueva, N Allen, R Zhang, DS Haigler, C Wilkerson, C Suo, JF Schulze, SR Pierce, ML Essenberg, M Kim, H Llewellyn, DJ Dennis, ES Kudrna, D Wing, R Paterson, AH Soderlund, C Wendel, JF TI A global assembly of cotton ESTs SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; GENE-EXPRESSION; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; POLYPLOID FORMATION; CDNA MICROARRAYS; CELL ELONGATION; FIBER; IDENTIFICATION; ANNOTATION; GENOMICS AB Approximately 185,000 Gossypium EST sequences comprising > 94,800,000 nucleotides were amassed from 30 cDNA libraries constructed from a variety Of tissues and organs under a range of conditions, including drought stress and pathogen challenges. These libraries were derived from allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum; A(T) and D(T) genomes) as well as its two diploid progenitors, Gossypium arboreum (A genome) and Gossypium raimondii (D genome). ESTs were assembled using the Program for Assembling and Viewing ESTs (PAVE), resulting in 22,030 contigs and 29,077 singletons (51,107 unigenes). Further comparisons among the singletons and contigs led to recognition of 33,665 exemplar sequences that represent a nonredundant set of putative Gossypium genes containing partial or full-length coding regions and usually one or two UTRs. The assembly, along with their UniProt BLASTX hits, GO annotation, and Pfam analysis results, are freely accessible as a public resource for cotton genomics. Because ESTs from diploid and allotetraploid Gossypium were combined in a single assembly, we were in many cases able to bioinformatically distinguish duplicated genes in allotetraploid cotton and assign them to either the A or D genome. The assembly and associated information provide a framework for future investigation of cotton functional and evolutionary genomics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. BIO5 Inst, Arizona Genom Computat Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Bioinformat Core Facil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Agr Expt Stn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Wendel, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jfw@iastate.edu RI Arpat, Alaaddin Bulak/C-1336-2008; Llewellyn, Danny/D-5230-2009; Dennis, Elizabeth/A-6074-2008; OI Arpat, Alaaddin Bulak/0000-0002-7749-3793; Llewellyn, Danny/0000-0001-9535-8707; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 68 TC 109 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 8 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1101/gr.4602906 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 018CZ UT WOS:000235742700018 PM 16478941 ER PT J AU Rep, M Duyvesteijn, RGE Gale, L Usgaard, T Cornelissen, BJC Ma, LJ Ward, TJ AF Rep, M Duyvesteijn, RGE Gale, L Usgaard, T Cornelissen, BJC Ma, LJ Ward, TJ TI The presence of GC-AG introns in Neurospora crassa and other euascomycetes determined from analyses of complete genomes: Implications for automated gene prediction SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE donor splice site; noncanonical introns; fungal genomes ID SPLICE SITES; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; SEQUENCE; RECOGNITION; CONSENSUS; YEAST; DNA AB A combination of experimental and computational approaches was employed to identify introns with noncanonical GGAG splice sites (GCAG introns) within euascomycete genomes. Evaluation of 2335 cDNA-confirmed introns from Neurospora crassa revealed 27 such introns (1.2%). A similar frequency (1.0%) of GC-AG introns was identified in Fusarium graminearum, in which 3 of 292 cDNA-confirmed introns contained GC-AG splice sites. Computational analyses of the N. crassa genome using a GC-AG intron consensus sequence identified an additional 20 probable GGAG introns in this fungus. For 8 of the 47 GGAG introns identified in N. crassa a GC donor site is also present in a homolog from Magnaporthe grisea, F graminearum, or Aspergillus nidulans. In most cases, however, homologs in these fungi contain a GT-AG intron or no intron at the corresponding position. These findings have important implications for fungal genome annotation, as the automated annotations of euascomycete genomes incorrectly identified intron boundaries for all of the confirmed and probable GGAG introns reported here. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Fac Sci, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. RP Rep, M (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Fac Sci, Kruislaan 318, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM m.rep@uva.nl OI Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.11.014 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 017VD UT WOS:000235720500003 PM 16406724 ER PT J AU Staley, DM Wasklewicz, TA Blaszczynski, JS AF Staley, DM Wasklewicz, TA Blaszczynski, JS TI Surficial patterns of debris flow deposition on alluvial fans in Death Valley, CA using airborne laser swath mapping data SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE debris flow; alluvial fan; Death Valley; ALSM; LiDAR; morphometry AB Debris flows are a common event in mountainous environments. They often possess the greatest potential for destruction of property and loss of lives in these regions. Delimiting the spatial extent of potential damage from debris flows relies on detailed studies of the location of depositional zones. Current research indicates debris flow fans have two distinct depositional zones. However, the two zones were derived from studies containing detailed analyses of only a few fans. High resolution airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data is used to calculate profile curvature and surface gradient on 19 debris flow fans on the eastern side of Death Valley. The relationship between these parameters is assessed to 1) identify if debris flow fans are accurately represented by two depositional zones, and 2) to assess how these terrain parameters relate to one another at the individual fan scale. The results show at least three zones of deposition exist within the sampled fans. These zones do not hold consistent when individual fan morphometry is analyzed in conjunction with localized fan surface gradients. Fans with consistently shallower gradients exhibit numerous depositional zones with more subtle changes in profile curvature. Steeper gradient fans exhibit significantly fewer zones with more pronounced local changes in profile curvature. The surface complexity of debris flow fans is evident from these analyses and must be accounted for in any type of hazard studies related to these features. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci Geog, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDI Bur Land Management, Natl Sci & Technol Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Staley, DM (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci Geog, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM dstaley@memphis.edu NR 11 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.014 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 023AE UT WOS:000236096600010 ER PT J AU Gillerman, VS Wilkins, D Shellie, K Bitner, R AF Gillerman, Virginia S. Wilkins, David Shellie, Krista Bitner, Ron TI Terroir of the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA SO GEOSCIENCE CANADA LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON-STATE; GEOLOGY; VALLEY; APPELLATION; CLIMATE AB This article explores the unique combination of factors that shape the terroir of Idaho's principal wine grape-growing district. Most Idaho wine grape vineyards are located in the Western Snake River Plain (WSRP) rift basin (similar to 43 degrees N, similar to 117 degrees W) on soils derived from lake, river, volcanic and wind-blown sediments. The underlying Tertiary and Quaternary rocks record the geologic history of ancient Lake Idaho, its interaction with basaltic volcanism, and sub-sequent Pleistocene fluvial processes and catastrophic floods. The and to semi-arid, mid-latitude steppe climate of the WSRP provides fewer growing degree days than American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) in Walla Walla, Washington and Napa Valley, California, but still allows cultivation of Vitis vinifera grapes. Other differences include lower precipitation, higher solar radiation during the growing season, and greater threat of cold injury. Wine grapes grown in the WSRP require irrigation, and irrigation is used to manage canopy size and manipulate vine physiology. Wine grape acreage in Idaho has increased dramatically since 1993 and is estimated, in 2003, at about 500 ha with the white wine cultivars Riesling, Chardonnay, and Gewurztraminer comprising about 60% of production, and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah as principal red wine cultivars. C1 Boise State Univ, Idaho Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Parma, ID 83660 USA. Bitner Vineyards, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. RP Gillerman, VS (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Idaho Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM vgillerm@boisestate.edu; dwilkins@boisestate.edu; kshellie@uidaho.edu; rmbitner@bitnervineyards.com RI Wilkins, David/B-7062-2016 OI Wilkins, David/0000-0002-3803-624X NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI ST JOHNS PA DEPT EARTH SCIENCES MEMORIAL UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, ST JOHNS, NEWFOUNDLAND A1B 3X5, CANADA SN 0315-0941 J9 GEOSCI CAN JI Geosci. Can. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 092YX UT WOS:000241135000005 ER PT J AU D'Amore, DV Hennon, PE AF D'Amore, DV Hennon, PE TI Evaluation of soil saturation, soil chemistry, and early spring soil and air temperatures as risk factors in yellow-cedar decline SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum; calcium; soil temperature; yellow-cedar decline ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RED SPRUCE; COLD-HARDINESS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; FOREST FLOORS AB Yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Oerst.) is a valuable tree species that is experiencing a widespread decline and mortality in southeast Alaska. This study evaluated the relative importance of several potential risk factors associated with yellow-cedar decline: soil saturation, soil aluminum (Al) toxicity or calcium (Ca) deficiency, and air and soil temperature. Data were collected from permanent vegetation plots established in two low-elevation coastal forests exhibiting broad ranges of cedar mortality. Measurements of each risk factor were contrasted among classified forest zones to indicate if there were strong links with decline. Hydrology alone is weakly associated with yellow-cedar decline, but could have a predisposing role in the decline by creating exposed conditions because of reduced forest productivity. Yellow-cedar decline is not strongly associated with soil pH and extractable Al and Ca, but there appears to be Ca enrichment of surface soils by feedback from dead yellow-cedar foliage. Air and soil temperature factors are strongly associated with decline. Based on these results, an hypothesis is presented to explain the mechanism of tree injury where exposure-driven tree mortality is initiated in gaps created by soil saturation and then expands in gaps created by the tree-mortality itself. The exposure allows soils to warm in early spring causing premature dehardening in yellow-cedar trees and subsequent freezing injury during cold events. Yellow-cedars growing in the protection of shade or snow are not preconditioned by this warming, and thus not as susceptible to cold injury. Yellow-cedar decline appears to be associated with regional climate changes, but whether the cause of these changes is related to natural or human-induced climate shifts remains uncertain. Management implications, the possible role of climate, and recommended research are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us NR 79 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 524 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01101.x PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021YY UT WOS:000236023000011 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Sicher, RC Bae, H Gitz, DC Baker, JT Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Kim, SH Sicher, RC Bae, H Gitz, DC Baker, JT Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR TI Canopy photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, leaf nitrogen, and transcription profiles of maize in response to CO2 enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-4 photosynthesis; canopy gas exchange; cDNA microarrays; CO2 enrichment; leaf temperature; stomata; sunlit growth chambers; transpiration; Zea mays L ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; C-4 GRASSES; DRY-MATTER; WATER-USE; ZEA-MAYS AB The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and physiology of maize were investigated at the molecular, biochemical, leaf, and canopy levels. Maize plants were grown in sunlit soil-plant-atmosphere research (SPAR) chambers at ambient (370 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated (750 mu mol mol(-1)) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (C-a) under well-watered and fertilized conditions. Canopy gas exchange rates and leaf temperatures were monitored continuously during the growing season. CO2 enrichment did not enhance the growth or canopy photosynthesis of maize plants. However, canopy evapotranspiration rates decreased by 22% and daytime leaf temperatures were increased about 1 degrees C in response to CO2 enrichment. Leaf carboxylation efficiency and leaf nitrogen concentration also decreased at elevated C-a. Transcription profiling using maize cDNA microarrays revealed that approximately 5% of tested genes responded to CO2 enrichment. Of the altered transcripts, several were known to encode proteins involved in stomatal development or photosynthesis. For the majority of the altered transcripts, however, it was difficult to link their functions with specific physiological factors partly because many of these genes encoded unknown proteins. We conclude that maize did not exhibit enhanced growth or photosynthesis in response to CO2 enrichment but a number of molecular and physiological processes including those involved in stomatal relations were affected by growth in elevated C-a. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 001,Room 342,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sookim@asrr.arsusda.gov RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 59 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 588 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01110.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 021YY UT WOS:000236023000016 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Volk, M Allen, PM AF Chen, Pei-yu Arnold, Jeffrey G. Srinivasan, Raghavan Volk, Martin Allen, Peter M. TI Surveying ground water level using remote sensing: An example over the Seco and Hondo Creek watershed in Texas SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER LANDSCAPE ZONES; AVHRR DATA; VEGETATION; DROUGHT; MODEL; RECHARGE; AQUIFER; INDEX; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION AB The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellite data has been applied to various vegetation studies. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the NDVI response to plant water content to predict ground water level over a watershed located in the Edwards Aquifer of Texas, USA. Results showed that the precipitation data collected inside the watershed were not highly correlated to ground water depth within 10 d of the event, though a 60-foot sinkhole in the study site was expected to collect rainfall and recharge ground water in a short time. Alternatively, the NDVI derived from SPOT-VEGETATION satellite data and potential evapotranspiration (PET) based on the Hargreaves PET model were significantly correlated to ground water depth. Moreover, the stream flow measurements were correlated to ground water level as well. Two simple models were developed for estimating ground water levels in the artesian and recharge zones. Independent validations were performed to verify both models. All three variables (NDVI, PET, and stream flow) were directly or indirectly related to the precipitation. The PET was mainly controlled by air temperature, and the temperature was negatively related to precipitation. The NDVI values were affected by both temperature and precipitation, and the amount of rainfall was strongly correlated to the stream flow. This study initiated a unique approach to surveying ground water level based on satellite information and meteorological data. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Appl Landscape Ecol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM pchen@brc.tamus.edu; jgarnold@spa.ars.usda.gov; r-srinivasan@tamu.edu; martin.volk@ufz.de; Peter_Allen@baylor.edu RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009; Volk, Martin/F-1172-2010 OI Volk, Martin/0000-0003-0064-8133 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00077.x PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 043KY UT WOS:000237601200009 ER PT J AU Magana, HA Villareal, TA AF Magana, HA Villareal, TA TI The effect of environmental factors on the growth rate of Karenia brevis (Davis) G. Hansen and Moestrup SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Karenia brevis; light intensity; red tide; salinity; temperature ID GYMNODINIUM-BREVE AB The red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Davis) G. Hansen and Moestrup is noted for causing mass mortalities of marine organisms in the Gulf of Mexico. Most research has focused on culture isolates from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In this investigation, we examine the effects of light, temperature and salinity on the growth rate of K. brevis from the western Gulf of Mexico. Growth rates of K. brevis were determined under various combinations of irradiance (19, 31, 52, 67, and 123 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), salinity (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45), and temperature (15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C). Maximum growth rates varied from 0.17 to 0.36 div day(-1) with exponential growth rates increasing with increasing irradiance. Little or no growth was supported at 19 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) for any experiment. Maximum growth rates at 15 degrees C were much lower than at other temperatures. Maximum growth rates of the Texas clone (SP3) fell within the range of Florida clones reported in the literature (0.17-0.36 div day(-1) versus 0.2-1.0 div day(-1)). The Texas clone SP3 had a very similar light saturation point compared to that of a Florida isolate (Wilson's clone) (67 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) versus 65 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), and light compensation (20-30 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) 1). The upper and lower salinity tolerance of the Texas clone was similar than that of some Florida clones (45 versus 46 and 25 versus 22.5, respectively). In our study, the Texas clone had the same temperature tolerance reported for Florida clones (15-30 degrees C). While individual clones can vary considerably in maximum growth rates, our results indicate only minor differences exist between the Texas and Florida strains of K. brevis in their temperature and salinity tolerance for growth. While the literature notes lower salinity occurrences of K. brevis in nearby Louisiana, our isolate from the southern Texas coast has the higher salinity requirements typical of K. brevis in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Magana, HA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway St SE 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM hmagana@fs.fed.us; tracy@utmsi.utexas.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012 NR 22 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2005.07.003 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 014TH UT WOS:000235502500008 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA Lin, JR Smith, CA Jirtle, RL AF Waterland, RA Lin, JR Smith, CA Jirtle, RL TI Post-weaning diet affects genomic imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) locus SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-II; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DNA METHYLATION; HUMAN-DISEASE; WILMS-TUMOR; GENE; EXPRESSION; MOUSE; EPIGENETICS; REGION AB IGF2 loss of imprinting (LOI) is fairly prevalent and implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer and developmental disease; however, the causes of this phenomenon are largely unknown. We determined whether the post-weaning diet of mice affects allelic expression and CpG methylation of Igf2. C57BL/6J x Cast/EiJ F1 hybrid mice were weaned onto (1) a standard natural ingredient control diet, (2) a synthetic control diet or (3) a synthetic methyl-donor-deficient diet lacking folic acid, vitamin B-12, methionine and choline. Maternal Igf2 expression in kidney was negligible at birth, but increased to similar to 10% of total expression after 60 days on the natural control diet. By 60 days post-weaning, both synthetic diets caused significant LOI of Igf2 relative to animals weaned onto the natural control diet. Total Igf2 expression was significantly reduced in these groups, however, indicating that the increase in relative maternal Igf2 expression was caused by specific down-regulation of the paternal allele. The LOI induced by the synthetic-deficient diet persisted during a subsequent 100-day 'recuperation' period on natural ingredient diet. There were no group differences in overall or allele-specific CpG methylation in the H19 differentially methylated region (DMR), Igf2 DMR0 or Igf2 DMR1. At 30 and 60 days post-weaning, however, the paternal allele of Igf2 DMR2 was hypermethylated in the kidneys of mice on the control synthetic diet. These results indicate that post-weaning diet can permanently affect expression of Igf2, suggesting that childhood diet could contribute to IGF2 LOI in humans. C1 USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Ste 5080, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA25951]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK063781, DK070007]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08823, ES13053] NR 47 TC 225 Z9 249 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 705 EP 716 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddi484 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 013TQ UT WOS:000235432900004 PM 16421170 ER PT J AU Stanley, D Miller, J AF Stanley, David Miller, Jon TI Eicosanoids in invertebrate immunity: An in vitro approach. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 5A EP 5A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400015 ER PT J AU Kistler, HC Seong, KY AF Kistler, H. Corby Seong, Kye-Yon TI Profiles in scourge: Gene expression analysis of a Crop Killer. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hckist@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 11A EP 11A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400035 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, M. J. TI Allium genomics: Exploiting model plants for analyses of enormous nuclear genomes. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 17A EP 17A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400058 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ Abu, YJ Vang, L AF Chen, Grace Q. Abu, Yeh-Jin Vang, Louisa TI Castor seed development and storage lipid biosynthesis. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM QHGC@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 21A EP 21A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400077 ER PT J AU Reed, BM AF Reed, B. M. TI Medium-term in vitro storage of pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM corbr@ars-grin.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 23A EP 23A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400082 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, R. P. Evens, T. J. TI Mineral nutrient requirements for regulating the growth of plant tissue. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 25A EP 25A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400089 ER PT J AU Goodman, CL McIntosh, A Stanley, D AF Goodman, C. L. McIntosh, A. Stanley, D. TI Eicosanoids influence insect cell-viral interactions. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, BCIRL, ARS, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM goodmanc@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 32A EP 32A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400111 ER PT J AU Smagghe, G Mosallanejad, H Decombel, L Goodman, C Soin, T AF Smagghe, G. Mosallanejad, H. Decombel, L. Goodman, C. Soin, T. TI Validation analysis of an ecdysteroid receptor agonist assay using intact cultured lepidoptera cells. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Ghent, Belgium. Hogesch Gent, Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS BCIRL, Columbia, MO USA. EM guy.smagghe@ugent.be RI Mosallanejad, Hadi /S-5119-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 33A EP 33A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400116 ER PT J AU Wise, ML Kaeppler, H AF Wise, Mitchell L. Kaeppler, Heidi TI Biosynthesis of avenanthramides in chitin elicited oat (Avena sativa) suspension cultures. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Cereal Crops Res, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mlwise@wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 34A EP 34A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400120 ER PT J AU Fitch, M Leong, T Albert, H Schenck, S Moore, P Gonsalves, D AF Fitch, M. Leong, T. Albert, H. Schenck, S. Moore, P. Gonsalves, D. TI Transformation of Anthurium with transgenes for bacterial blight and nematode resistance. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacif Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI USA. Pacif Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mfitch@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 35A EP 35A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400125 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Ueng, P Aebig, J Hsu, HT Guaragna, MA Jordan, R AF Kamo, K. Ueng, P. Aebig, J. Hsu, H. T. Guaragna, M. A. Jordan, R. TI Transgenic plants of gladiolus containing the coat protein and replicase genes of cucumber mosaic virus. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Natl Alboretum, Flora & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kamok@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 44A EP 44A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400159 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, R. P. Evens, T. J. TI Regulating plant tissue growth by mineral nutrition. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS US, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM rniedz@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 44A EP 44A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400158 ER PT J AU Galatowitsch, MW Huettl, PA Jacobs, MS Phillips, RL Rines, HW AF Galatowitsch, M. W. Huettl, P. A. Jacobs, M. S. Phillips, R. L. Rines, H. W. TI Embryo rescue and meristem culture techniques used in the development of oat/maize addition lines. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM galat002@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 45A EP 45A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400162 ER PT J AU Staats, E Towill, L Laufmann, J Reed, B Ellis, D AF Staats, E. Towill, L. Laufmann, J. Reed, B. Ellis, D. TI Genebanking of vegetatively-propagated crops - Cryopreservation of forty-four Mentha accessions. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA FS, TEMS Planning Enterprise, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM elvis@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 45A EP 45A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400161 ER PT J AU Sun, Q Wei, W Hammond, RW Davis, RE Zhao, Y AF Sun, Q. Wei, W. Hammond, R. W. Davis, R. E. Zhao, Y. TI High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) leaf segments and regeneration of transgenic plants. SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Peoples R China. EM zhaoy@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 514 DANIELS STREET, STE 411, RALEIGH, NC 27605 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 42 SU S BP 47A EP 47A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 106VF UT WOS:000242129400171 ER PT J AU Arango, RA Green, F Hintz, K Lebow, PK Miller, RB AF Arango, RA Green, F Hintz, K Lebow, PK Miller, RB TI Natural durability of tropical and native woods against termite damage by Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE NHA; borate; termite damage; specific gravity ID RESISTANCE; DECAY; CEDAR AB Environmental pressure has resulted in voluntary removal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from wood preservatives in residential applications in the United States. A new generation of copper organic preservatives was formulated as replacements, but these preservatives may not provide a permanent solution to all related problems. Some of these issues include concern over copper in aquatic environments and corrosion of fasteners. Copper preservatives in general are also poor inhibitors of mould. Therefore, we still need to evaluate alternative solutions in order to address current inadequacies of copper organic wood preservatives. In this study, six hardwoods and six softwoods were evaluated for their ability to resist termite damage by Reticulitermes flavipes. Mass loss versus specific gravity showed an inverse correlation in tropical hardwood species, but a slightly positive correlation in native softwood species. Also, southern yellow pine and Douglas-fir wood blocks were evaluated after treatment with 0.1% copper borate, water-borne (WB) copper naphthanate, and N'N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA). Erisma, juniper, ipe, and white-cedar were highly resistant. The NHA-protected Douglas-fir and southern pine resisted attack as effectively as copper borate or WB copper naphthanate treatment. These results indicate that selected naturally durable wood species, both tropical and native, inhibit R. flavipes damage as effectively as preservative treatment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Green, F (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fgreen@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 57 IS 3 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.01.007 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054TI UT WOS:000238401100001 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Benjamin, C Campbell, B Tiveau, D AF Anderson, J Benjamin, C Campbell, B Tiveau, D TI Forests, poverty and equity in Africa: new perspectives on policy and practice SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE forest policy; natural resource management; Africa; poverty; equity AB This paper places forestry in the larger context of rural development and therefore in the current debates on poverty and inequality. While Africa has high levels of natural and human capital it is the poorest and most unequal region in the world. In order for natural assets to contribute to environmental, economic and empowerment outcomes four principle interlinked changes are needed: 1) Improve the recognition of the fundamental role of natural resources in economic growth of poor countries and poor populations and in the development of democracies and good governance; 2) Better distribute resource rights, both property and procedural, giving the poor greater security, access and control; 3) Develop and implement frameworks, regulations and enforcement to assure that natural resource markets work for the poor; 4) Redefine the role of science and technology, and associated planning and institutions. C1 USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Williams Coll, Ctr Environm Studies, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Charles Darwin Univ, Res Sch Environm Studies, Darwin, NT, Australia. Ctr Int Forestry Res, Bogor, Indonesia. Ctr Int Forestry Res, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USDA, US Agcy Int Dev, 1325 G St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM janderson@afr-sd.org NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1505/ifor.8.1.44 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 050MA UT WOS:000238090500006 ER PT J AU McAlpine, JL O'Donohue, PA Pierson, O AF McAlpine, JL O'Donohue, PA Pierson, O TI Liberia: forests as a challenge and an opportunity SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Liberian forestry; UN sanctions; forest sector reform; good governance; multi-donor partnership AB The imposition of UN sanctions on Liberian timber helped shut down Liberia's highly corrupt timber sector and bring an end to its long civil war in 2003. As part of its overall effort to support reform and reconstruction in Liberia, the U.S. Government in 2004 established the Liberia Forest Initiative (LFI), a cross-cutting approach to forest sector reform intended to build transparency, sustainability and good governance in the management of the three branches of Liberian forestry: the commercial sector, conservation, and community forestry. The effort quickly attracted strong support from the international community, including the World Bank, FAO, IUCN, EC, CIFOR, and Fauna and Flora International. LFI now functions as an informal multi-donor partnership, working closely with Liberian authorities and civil society to implement far-reaching reforms and establish conditions that could permit the lifting of UN sanctions. The LFI partnership has achieved significant successes in terms of multi-donor coordination, consensus building, engagement with host country authorities, and interaction with civil society, some of which may serve as a model for action in other countries. C1 US Dept State, Bur Oceans & Int Environm & Sci Affairs OES, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Forest Serv, Int Programs, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP McAlpine, JL (reprint author), US Dept State, Bur Oceans & Int Environm & Sci Affairs OES, 2201 C St NW, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM mcalpinejl@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION PI CRAVEN ARRMS PA CRIB, DINCHOPE, CRAVEN ARRMS SY7 9JJ, SHROPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOREST REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 8 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1505/ifor.8.1.83 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 050MA UT WOS:000238090500011 ER PT J AU Couris, R Tataronis, G McCloskey, W Oertel, L Dallal, G Dwyer, J Blumberg, JB AF Couris, Rebecca Tataronis, Gary McCloskey, William Oertel, Lynn Dallal, Gerard Dwyer, Johanna Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Dietary vitamin K variability affects International Normalized Ratio (INR) coagulation indices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin K; warfarin; coumarin; International Normalized Ratio (INR); drug-nutrient interactions ID WARFARIN RESISTANCE; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; DRUG-INTERACTIONS; ANTICOAGULATION; NUTRITION; THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; STABILITY; FOOD AB Background: Changes in daily vitamin K intake may contribute to marked variations in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) coagulation index in patients receiving oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy, with potentially serious adverse outcomes. Thus, patients receiving warfarin therapy are routinely counseled regarding this drug-nutrient interaction and are instructed to maintain consistent vitamin K intakes, though little quantitative information about this relationship is available. Objective: To determine the quantitative impact of variability in dietary vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) intake, assessed by a validated patient self-monitoring instrument, on weekly INR in patients receiving warfarin anticoagulant therapy. Methods: A prospective dietary assessment study was conducted at the Massachusetts. General Hospital in Boston. Sixty outpatients (37 males and 23 females) were selected with a mean age 60.3 +/- 16.8 years, who beg gan oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy within 14 days prior to their first clinic-visit to an outpatient anticoagulation therapy unit. Exclusion criteria included more than 2 drinks of alcohol per day, inability to speak English, and concurrent disease states affecting warfarin therapy such as liver disease and terminal illness. Over the five-week study period, participants recorded daily intakes in specified amounts of all-food items appearing on a validated dietary self-assessment tool. Concomitant use of prescription and/or non-prescription medications was also obtained. Concurrent daily warfarin dose and adherence to the drug regimen, concomitant use of prescription and/or non-prescription medications known to interact with warfarin, and weekly INR were obtained. Week-to-week changes in vitamin K intake, warfarin dose, and INR were determined and cross-correlated. Results: Forty-three patients (28 males and 15 females) completed the study and 17 dropped out. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed the variability in INR and changes in vitamin K intake were inversely correlated (r = -0.600, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis (r = 0.848) indicated that a weekly change of 714 mu g dietary vitamin K significantly altered weekly INR by 1 unit (p < 0.01) and a weekly change of 14.5 mg warfarin significantly altered weekly INR by 1 unit (p < 0.01) after adjustment for age, sex, weight, height, and concomitant use of medications known to interact with warfarin. Conclusions: Patients taking warfarin and consuming markedly changing amounts of vitamin K, may have, a variable weekly INR with potentially unstable anticoagulant outcomes. C1 Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Couris, R (reprint author), Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rcouris@bos.mcphs.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 76 IS 2 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.76.2.65 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 080KF UT WOS:000240245800003 PM 16941417 ER PT J AU Martin, DE Hall, SG AF Martin, DE Hall, SG TI Oyster shucking technologies: past and present SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bioprocess; bivalve; engineering; heat transfer; mollusc; post-harvest; shelf-life; shellfish processing; steam ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS INFECTION; HINGE LINE DETECTION; GULF-COAST OYSTERS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SHELLSTOCK; SHELLFISH; BACTERIA; STORAGE; FLORIDA; REDUCE AB A review of oyster shucking technologies from the nineteenth century to the present day is presented, comparing advantages and disadvantages of various mechanical, thermal, pressure and other technologies. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Martin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM dmartin@apmru.usda.gov NR 146 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01052.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 009FA UT WOS:000235095600001 ER PT J AU Brunet, J Sweet, HR AF Brunet, J Sweet, HR TI The maintenance of selfing in a population of the Rocky Mountain columbine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aquilegia coerulea; autogamy; Colorado; geitonogamy; mixed mating; pollen limitation; Ranunculaceae; reproductive assurance ID AQUILEGIA-CAERULEA RANUNCULACEAE; MATING-SYSTEM EVOLUTION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; REPRODUCTIVE ASSURANCE; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; POLLEN LIMITATION; HERMAPHRODITE PLANTS; POLLINATION ECOLOGY; FLOWERING PLANTS; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS AB Pollination biology plays a major role in the evolution of selfing and the maintenance of mixed mating systems. We examine whether selfing in a population of Aquilegia coerulea is selected for or whether it is merely a nonadaptive consequence of adaptations for cross-pollination in a self-compatible plant with more than one flower open simultaneously. The comparison of selfing rate between groups of emasculated and control flowers on experimental plants helped quantify the contributions of geitonogamous and autogamous selfing to the overall selfing rate. While an increased seed set in control flowers indicated reproductive assurance, the genotypic data indicated that geitonogamous selfing made up the majority of the selfing and that autogamous selfing was negligible in the population. We examined whether bumblebees, the major pollinator in the population that year, visited control and emasculated flowers with equal frequency. We quantified the impact of emasculated flowers on the level of geitonogamous selfing in control flowers. After examining the reasons behind the discrepancy between seed set and genotypic data, we concluded that selfing in A. coerulea is a nonadaptive consequence of adaptations for cross-pollination in a plant with large floral displays. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brunet, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbrunet@wisc.edu NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 167 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1086/498322 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 021SW UT WOS:000236006900004 ER PT J AU Vanamburg, LK Trlica, MJ Hoffer, RM Weltz, MA AF Vanamburg, LK Trlica, MJ Hoffer, RM Weltz, MA TI Ground based digital imagery for grassland biomass estimation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT BIOMASS; COVER; VEGETATION; INDEXES AB Aboveground biomass was estimated on the shortgrass prairie of eastern Colorado using ground based conventional (RGB) digital camera imagery. The accuracy and efficiency of image-based estimates were compared with clipped biomass measurements. Field measurements of aboveground biomass were obtained on three grazing treatments and three sample dates (phenological status). Grazing treatments did not significantly affect (p > 0.10) estimates of clipped green biomass taken from digital images. However, plant phenology, green biomass estimates from images, and the interaction of plant phenology and green biomass estimates from images significantly affected clipped green biomass measurements (p <= 0.04). Analysed images provided fair estimates of total clipped green biomass (R-2 = 0.55) and clipped green biomass without cactus (R-2 = 0.73) when plant phenological status was included in the models. When plant phenology was removed from the models, the variability explained by green biomass estimates from images declined to 25% for clipped green biomass, and 32% for clipped green biomass without cactus. Thus, results showed that plant phenological status wits the most important variable in the prediction of green vegetation biomass. Results indicated that the usefulness of RGB digital camera imagery for green biomass estimation is limited for the shortgrass prairie. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Remote Sensing, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vanamburg, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM l_vanamburg@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5-6 BP 939 EP 950 DI 10.1080/01431160500114789 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 036YG UT WOS:000237112700008 ER PT J AU Liu, YZ Zhang, XY Luo, LX Wu, MX Zeng, RP Cheng, G Hu, B Liu, BF Liang, JJ Shang, F AF Liu, YZ Zhang, XY Luo, LX Wu, MX Zeng, RP Cheng, G Hu, B Liu, BF Liang, JJ Shang, F TI A novel alpha B-crystallin mutation associated with autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; GAMMA-D-CRYSTALLIN; ZONULAR PULVERULENT CATARACT; DESMIN-RELATED MYOPATHY; MISSENSE MUTATION; A-CRYSTALLIN; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; NONSENSE MUTATION; JUVENILE-ONSET; CHAPERONE AB PURPOSE. To identify the mutation and the underlying mechanism of cataractogenesis in a five-generation autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract family. METHODS. Nineteen mutation hot spots associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract have been screened by PCR-based DNA sequencing. Recombinant wild-type and mutant human alpha B-crystallin were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The recombinant proteins were characterized by far UV circular dichroism, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, Bis-ANS fluorescence, multiangle light-scattering, and the measurement of chaperone activity. RESULTS. A novel missense mutation in the third exon of the ali-crystallin gene (CRYAB) was found to cosegregate with the disease phenotype in a five-generation autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract family. The single-base substitution (G -> A) results in the replacement of the aspartic acid residue by asparagine at codon 140. Far UV circular dichroism spectra indicated that the mutation did not significantly alter the secondary structure. However, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectra and Bis-ANS fluorescence spectra indicated that the mutation resulted in alterations in tertiary and/or quaternary structures and surface hydrophobicity of alpha B-crystallin. Multiangle light-scattering measurement showed that the mutant aB-crystallin tended to aggregate into a larger complex than did the wild-type. The mutant all-crystallin was more susceptible than wild-type to thermal denaturation. Furthermore, the mutant aB-crystallin not only lost its chaperone-like activity, it also behaved as a dominant negative which inhibited the chaperone-like activity of wild-type aB-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS. These data indicate that the altered tertiary and/or quaternary structures and the dominant negative effect of D140N mutant alpha B-crystallin underlie the molecular mechanism of cataractogenesis of this pedigree. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Med Genet, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Daan Gene Diagnosis Ctr, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY011717-08, R01 EY011717-07, EY 11717, R01 EY011717-09, EY 13968] NR 47 TC 84 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 6 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1069 EP 1075 DI 10.1167/iovs.05-1004 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 020FR UT WOS:000235894300041 PM 16505043 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Christen, EW Soppe, RW Meyer, WS AF Ayars, JE Christen, EW Soppe, RW Meyer, WS TI The resource potential of in-situ shallow ground water use in irrigated agriculture: a review SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SALINE DRAINAGE WATER; TABLE DEPTH; WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; DRIP IRRIGATION; ROOT-GROWTH; SOIL TYPE; COTTON; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CROPS; YIELD AB Shallow ground water is a resource that is routinely overlooked when water management alternatives are being considered in irrigated agriculture. Even though it has the potential to provide significant quantities of water for crop use under the proper conditions and management. Crop water use from shallow groundwater is affected by soil water flux, crop rooting characteristics, crop salt tolerance, presence of a drainage system, and irrigation system type and management. This paper reviews these factors in detail and presents data quantifying crop use from shallow ground, and describes the existing state of the art with regard to crop management in the presence of shallow ground water. The existing data are used to determine whether in-situ crop water use from shallow ground water is suitable for a given situation. The suggested methodology uses ratios of ground water electrical conductivity to the Maas-Hoffman yield loss threshold values, the day to plant maturity relative to plant growth period, and the maximum rooting depth relative to the nearly saturated zone. The review demonstrates that for in-situ use to be feasible there has to be good quality ground water relative to crop salt tolerance available for an extended period of time. Shallow ground water availability is one area that can be managed to some extent. Crop selection will be the primary determinant in the other ratios. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Waterwatch, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jayars@fresno.ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010; Christen, Evan/B-5117-2012 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507; NR 71 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s00271-005-0003-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 009MT UT WOS:000235116800001 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Bielinski, D AF Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Bielinski, D TI Blueberry extract alters oxidative stress-mediated signaling in COS-7 cells transfected with selectively vulnerable muscarinic receptor subtypes SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE muscarinic receptors; aging; MAPK; oxidative stress; blueberry ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; INTRACELLULAR CA2+; NEURONAL DEATH; AMYLOID-BETA; AGED RAT; DOPAMINE; CALCIUM; BRAIN AB Previous research has indicated that selective vulnerability to oxidative stress may be important in determining regional differences in functional declines in neuronal aging. Oxidative stress vulnerability may involve selective deficits in Ca2+ buffering (Ca2+ recovery time following oxotremorine application) to oxidative stress, determined in-part by receptor subtype with M I, M2 and M4 AChR showing greater oxidative stress-induced loss [via dopamine (DA) exposure for 4 hrs] of Ca2+ recovery time than that seen in M3 or M5 cells. Deficits were antagonized by pre-treating M1, M2, or M4 AChR-transfected cells with blueberry (BB) extract. Thus. we assessed whether these differences in oxidative stress vulnerability might involve differential patterns of DA-induced protein kinase (PKC alpha, PKC gamma) and/or cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) activation, and whether these differences might be altered by BB treatment. M1 or M3 AChR-transfected COS-7 cells were exposed to 1 mM DA. and activation of phospho- (p) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was examined by immunoblotting analyses. The results showed that DA increased pCREB and pPKC gamma for both M1- and M3-transfected cells, and BBs decreased these DA-induced alterations, when measured by immunoblotting techniques. Taken together these findings suggest that M1/M3 oxidative stress sensitivity differences may involve differential signaling in pMAPK and pCREB under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting that the native protection in these receptors against oxidative stress and inflammation may be derived from reduced activation. These findings also suggest that BB may antagonize oxidative stress effects induced by DA in M1-transfected cells by lowering activation of pCREB, and possibly pPKC gamma. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM janies.joseph@tufts.edu NR 53 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2877 J9 J ALZHEIMERS DIS JI J. Alzheimers Dis. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 9 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 046FD UT WOS:000237795900003 PM 16627932 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Hicks, KB Vogel, KP AF Boateng, AA Hicks, KB Vogel, KP TI Pyrolysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) harvested at several stages of maturity SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE switchgrass; pyrolysis; thermochemical conversion; bioenergy crop conversion ID FLASH PYROLYSIS; KINETICS; CELLULOSE; BIOMASS; PYROPROBE-1000; GASIFICATION; GRASSES; ENERGY; LIGNIN; SCALE AB The pyrolysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) of the cultivar, "Cave-in-Rock" harvested at three stages of physiological maturity was studied in a PY-GC/MS system at the 600-1050 degrees C temperature range. Under these conditions, the decomposition was complete within 20 s yielding char, and two sets of pyrolysis gas, condensable and non-condensable. The former consisted of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and higher molecular weight compounds possibly from the hydroxyl group and from the methoxy groups of the cell wall components. The non-condensable gases were mainly CO, CO2 and C-1-C-3 hydrocarbons. For these, there was a 900 degrees C temperature boundary where dramatic change occurred in their evolution rates. Below this temperature, CO2 decreased but CO and the C-1-C-3 hydrocarbons increased almost linearly with temperature. Above this temperature boundary, the hydrocarbons leveled off but there was a rapid rise in CO and CO2 evolution at a constant CO/CO2 ratio. These suggest the appearance of secondary or tertiary pyrolysis reactions involving rearrangement and release of CO and hydrocarbons prior to this temperature boundary and the release of CO and CO2 from the tightly bond oxygen functionalities including C-C bonds thereafter. At <750 degrees C, there were modest increases in condensable gas yield and decrease in non-condensable gas due to differences in plant maturity at harvest. However, the effect of switchgrass physiological maturity on gas yield was statistically insignificant at high temperatures. The energy content of the non-condensable gas measured was about 68% of the gross energy content of the biomass for the early harvest crop and 80% for the mature crop. The activation energy for the decomposition, estimated assuming first order reaction kinetics, showed a linear increase with plant physiological maturity. The results demonstrate that physiological maturity at harvest of switchgrass biomass can result in different concentrations of pyrolysis products at different temperatures. These results also demonstrate the need for additional research with a broader array of herbaceous biomass materials to develop a better understanding of the synergies of crop cultivation, harvesting and processing of dedicated herbaceous biomass energy crops during their thermochemical conversion. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM aboateng@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2005.03.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 014UD UT WOS:000235504900001 ER PT J AU Pelaez, J Long, JA AF Pelaez, J Long, JA TI Comparative flow cytometry analysis of membrane surface carbohydrates in turkey and chicken spermatozoa. SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology CY APR 08-11, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Androl C1 ARS, USDA, ANRI, BGL,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 SU S MA 28 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 017IV UT WOS:000235688200031 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, JA TI Pheromone component patterns of moth evolution revealed by computer analysis of the Pherolist SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; computer program software; database; Lepidoptera; semiochemicals ID BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; LEAFROLLER MOTH; COMMUNICATION; DESATURATION; LEPIDOPTERA; ACETATE AB The Pherolist internet site listing moth sex pheromone components reported in the literature was downloaded and processed by a basic program into a database with 2931 combinations of 377 unique chemical names of sex pheromone attractants used by 1572 moth species in 619 genera and 49 families. Names of pheromone compounds were analysed for aliphatic chain length, unsaturation position, geometric configuration, functional group (aldehyde, alcohol, acetate, epoxide, methyl-branched and hydrocarbon) and number of instances such combinations are used by species and families. The analyses revealed pheromone blends of species ranged from one to eight components (45% species with one component, 36% two, 12% three, 5% four, 1% five, <= 0.5% for >= six). The numbers of different components of various chain lengths and functional groups, the numbers of instances such compounds are used by species and the numbers of species using such compounds are presented. The average number of pheromone components per species increased as the number of species in a family increased based on linear regression of components in the 10 largest families, with species numbers ranging from 19 to 461. Pooling the four largest families gave a mean of 1.96 components per species that was significantly greater than the mean of the next 14 smaller families (1.63). Because related species in a large family would need more communication channels, this suggests that these species on average evolved to produce and detect more components in their pheromone blends to achieve a unique communication channel than was needed by species in smaller families. Speciation in moths would entail evolutionary changes in both pheromone biosynthetic and sensory systems that avoided competition for communication channels of existing species. Regression analysis indicated that the more species in a family the more unique pheromone components, but the increase diminishes progressively. This suggests that, as the number of components increases with species number in a family, new species are more likely to evolve a unique blend comprising a communication channel from among existing components of the family. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01060.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 027AJ UT WOS:000236384700009 PM 16637993 ER PT J AU Casas, E White, SN Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M Riley, DG Chase, CC Johnson, DD Smith, TPL AF Casas, E White, SN Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M Riley, DG Chase, CC Johnson, DD Smith, TPL TI Effects of calpastatin and mu-calpain markers in beef cattle on tenderness traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mu-calpain; calpastatin; cattle; genetic marker; meat tenderness; shear force ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MEAT TENDERNESS; BRAHMAN CATTLE; BOS-INDICUS; ASSOCIATION; CARCASS; CAPN1; GENE AB The objective of this study was to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) developed at the calpastatin (CAST) and mu-calpain (CAPN1) genes with meat tenderness and palatability traits in populations with diverse genetic backgrounds. Three populations were used in the study. One population consisted of Bos taurus that included crossbred animals derived from Hereford, Angus, Red Angus, Limousin, Charolais, Gelbvieh, and Simmental (GPE7; n = 539). Another population consisted of Bos taurus with Bos indicus influence, including crossbred animals from Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano (GPE8; n = 580). The third population was Bos indicus and consisted of purebred Brahman (STARS; n = 444). Traits evaluated were meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; kg) at 14 d postmortem, and traits evaluated by trained sensory panels that included tenderness score, juiciness, and flavor intensity. A SNP at the CAST gene had a significant (P < 0.003) effect on WBSF and tenderness score in the GPE7 and GPE8 populations. Animals inheriting the TT genotype at CAST had meat that was more tender than those inheriting the CC genotype. The marker at the CAPN1 gene was significant (P < 0.03) for tenderness score in GPE7 and GPE8. Animals inheriting the CC genotype at CAPN1 had meat that was more tender than those inheriting the TT genotype. Markers at the CAST and CAPN1 genes were associated with flavor intensity in the GPE8 population. Animals inheriting the CC genotype at CAST and the TT genotype at CAPN1 produced steaks with an intense flavor when compared with the other genotypes. An interaction between CAST and CAPN1 was detected (P < 0.05) for WBSF on GPE8. The statistical significance of the interaction is questionable because of the limited number of observations in some cells. Markers developed at the CAST and CAPN1 genes are suitable for use in identifying animals with the genetic potential to produce meat that is more tender. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM casas@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 NR 12 TC 122 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 520 EP 525 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IP UT WOS:000236120600002 PM 16478943 ER PT J AU Mader, TL Davis, MS Brown-Brandl, T AF Mader, TL Davis, MS Brown-Brandl, T TI Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioclimatic index; cattle; environmental factor; feedlot; heat stress ID TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES AB Data from 3 summer feedlot studies were utilized to determine the environmental factors that influence heat stress in cattle and also to determine wind speed (WSPD; m(.)s(-1)) and solar radiation (RAD; W(.)m(-2)) adjustments to the temperature-humidity index (THI). Visual assessments of heat stress, based on panting scores (0 = no panting to 4 = severe panting), were collected from 1400 to 1700. Mean daily WSPD, black globe temperature at 1500, and minimums for night-time WSPD, nighttime black globe THI, and daily relative humidity were found to have the greatest influence on panting score from 1400 to 1700 (R-2 = 0.61). From hourly values for THI, WSPD, and RAD, panting score was determined to equal -7.563 + (0.121 x THI) - (0.241 x WSPD) + (0.00082 x RAD) (R-2 = 0.49). Using the ratio of WSPD to THI and RAD to THI (-1.992 and 0.0068 for WSPD and RAD, respectively), adjustments to the THI were derived for WSPD and RAD. On the basis of these ratios and the average hourly data for 1400 to 1700, the THI, adjusted for WSPD and RAD, equals [4.51 + THI - (1.992 x WSPD) + (0.0068 x RAD)]. Four separate cattle studies, comparable in size, type of cattle, and number of observations to the 3 original studies, were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of the THI equation adjusted for WSPD and RAD, and the relationship between the adjusted THI and panting score. Mean panting score derived from individual observations of black-hided cattle in these 4 studies were 1.22, 0.94, 1.32, and 2.00 vs. the predicted panting scores of 1.15, 1.17, 1.30, and 1.96, respectively. Correlations between THI and panting score in these studies ranged from r = 0.47 to 0.87. Correlations between the adjusted THI and mean panting score ranged from r = 0.64 to 0.80. These adjustments would be most appropriate to use, within a day, to predict THI during the afternoon hours using hourly data or current conditions. In addition to afternoon conditions, nighttime conditions, including minimum WSPD, minimum black globe THI, and minimum THI, were also found to influence heat stress experienced by cattle. Although knowledge of THI alone is beneficial in determining the potential for heat stress, WSPD and RAD adjustments to the THI more accurately assess animal discomfort. C1 Univ Nebraska, Concord, NE 68728 USA. Consulting Serv Inc, Salina, KS 67401 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Mader, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM tmader@unlnotes.unl.edu NR 29 TC 118 Z9 134 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 712 EP 719 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IP UT WOS:000236120600023 PM 16478964 ER PT J AU Sorrells, AD Eicher, SD Scott, KA Harris, MJ Pajor, EA Lay, DC Richert, BT AF Sorrells, AD Eicher, SD Scott, KA Harris, MJ Pajor, EA Lay, DC Richert, BT TI Postnatal behavioral and physiological responses of piglets from gilts housed individually or in groups during gestation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase response; behavior; isolation test; prenatal stress; swine gestational housing ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; PRENATAL STRESS; GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE; SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PIGS; RAT; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Gestational housing of sows remains a controversial issue that may affect the well-being of both sows and piglets. Therefore, 2 types of gestational housing were used to evaluate the stress imposed on pregnant gilts by each system and the effects on the offspring by comparing production, physiology, and behavioral measures of the piglets. Forty-eight Landrace x Yorkshire gilts were randomly assigned to groups (G) of 4 per pen (n = 8 pens; 3.9 m x 2.4 m) or to individual stalls (S; n = 16 stalls; 2.21 m x 0.61 m). Gilts were moved into individual farrowing crates 5 d before the expected farrowing date. Piglets were weighed at birth, d 14, and d 35. Two barrows from each litter were weaned at d 14 (early weaning) and housed together in pens. Maintenance behaviors (head in feeder, drinking, lying, eating mash) were videotaped and observed for the first 3 d after weaning using a 10-min interval scan sampling. Belly nosing and play/fight interactions were recorded from video observations for 3 d postweaning. An isolation test (30-min duration) was performed on one piglet from each pen of barrows on d 35. Time spent lying, the number of jumps against test box walls, and grunts and squeals were recorded in real time. Salivary cortisol was collected at 30-min intervals from baseline, and 0, 30, 60, and 90 min posttest. Jugular blood was collected from 2 barrows from each litter on d 1, 7, 14, 17, 2 1, and 28. Plasma TNF-alpha was analyzed by ELISA, and haptoglobin, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, and immunoglobulin G were analyzed by radial immunodiffusion. More piglets from the S treatment needed to be fed a liquid feed at weaning and drank more frequently on d 2 postweaning (P < 0.05). Additionally, by d 35 piglets from S gilts had a lighter BW (10.3 kg) than G piglets (12.8 kg; P < 0.01). Piglets from S gilts also grunted more during the 30-min isolation test (number of grunts = 356) than G piglets (number of grunts = 138; P < 0.01). Salivary cortisol and immune measures were not different. These data show some behavioral and production differences between piglets from individually stalled gilts and group-housed gilts. Therefore, there may be production advantages to housing first parity gilts in groups. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM spruiett@purdue.edu RI Harris, Moira/B-5449-2010 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 757 EP 766 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 023IP UT WOS:000236120600027 PM 16478968 ER PT J AU Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Bowman, DT Slate, AB Payne, G AF Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Bowman, DT Slate, AB Payne, G TI Predicting aflatoxin and fumonisin in shelled corn lots sing poor-quality grade components SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A study was conducted to determine if aflatoxin and fumonisin are concentrated in the poor-quality grade components of shelled corn. Four 1.0 kg test samples were each taken from 23 lots of shelled corn marketed in North Carolina. Inspectors from the Federal Grain Inspection Service divided each test sample into 3 grade components: (1) damaged kernels (DM), (2) broken corn and foreign material (BCFM), and )3) whole kernels (WH). The aflatoxin and fumonisin concentration was measured in each component and a mass balance equation was used to calculate the total concentration of each mycotoxin in each test sample. Averaged across all test samples, the aflatoxin concentrations in the DM, BCFM, and WH components were 1300.3, 455.2, and 37.3 ppb, respectively. Averaged across all test samples, the fumonisin concentrations in the DM, BCFM, and WH components were 148.3, 51.3, and 1.8 ppm, respectively. The DM and BCFM components combined accounted for only 5.0% of the test sample mass, but accounted for 59.8 and 77.5% of the total aflatoxin and fumonisin mass in the test sample, respectively. Both aflatoxin mass (ng) and aflatoxin concentration (ng/g) in the combined DM and BCFM components had high correlations with aflatoxin concentration in the lot. The highest correlation occurred when aflatoxin mass (ng) in the combined DM and BCFM components was related to aflatoxin concentration in the lot (0.964). Similar results were obtained for fumonisin. This study indicated that measuring either aflatoxin or fumonisin in the combined DM and BCFM grade components could be used as a screening method to predict either aflatoxin or fumonisin in a bulk lot of shelled corn. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27529 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 89 IS 2 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 029UX UT WOS:000236591000014 PM 16640290 ER PT J AU Tian, P Mandrell, R AF Tian, P Mandrell, R TI Detection of norovirus capsid proteins in faecal and food samples by a real time immuno-PCR method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food samples; immuno-polymerase chain reaction; norovirus; purification; real time ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS VIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; STOOL SAMPLES; RT-PCR AB Aims: To develop a sensitive real time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (rtI-PCR) method for detecting norovirus (NV) capsid protein in food samples. Methods and Results: The viral antigens were captured by two polyclonal antisera against recombinant Norwalk viral-like particles (rNVLPs). Biotin-conjugated antibodies, avidin and biotin-conjugated DNA reporter were used to convert the protein signals into DNA signals. The reporter DNA was then amplified by addition of primers and PCR. A real time PCR method was used in order to perform a quantitative post-PCR analysis. One hundred rNVLPs (10 fg) and a NV sample containing 660 rNVLPs equivalent particle units (66 fg) could be detected by this method. Conclusion: The PCR inhibitors present in the food samples had minimal effect on antigen capture and were removed by multiple wash steps during the rtI-PCR procedure. The sensitivity of rtI-PCR was > 1000-fold higher than the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and approximately 10 times higher than reverse transcription PCR in detection of NV capsid protein in stool and food samples. Significance and Impact of hte Study: This is the first report of a rtI-PCR method to detect NV in contaminated food samples without concentration or purification of the virus. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 BP 564 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02816.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 012IO UT WOS:000235332100016 PM 16478496 ER PT J AU Murase, T Miyahara, S Sato, T Otsuki, K Holt, PS AF Murase, T Miyahara, S Sato, T Otsuki, K Holt, PS TI Isolation of Salmonella organisms from commercial layer houses where the flocks were molted with a wheat bran diet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wheat bran; induced molting; Salmonella; feed withdrawal; alternative molt ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; PERFORMANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; RESPONSES; CHICKENS AB To develop an alternative method to feed withdrawal for molting layers, 2 flocks consisting of approximately 26,000 commercial laying hens each at 478 (68 wk, flock 1) and 466 (67 wk, flock 2) d of age were reared in an environmentally controlled windowless house and were fed wheat bran (WB) diet. Flock 1 hens were fed WB for 25 d, and flock 2 hens were fed WB for 21 d and then fed a mixture of WB and layer feed (1:1, wt: wt) for the last 4 d of the treatment. After that, the birds in both flocks were fed a normal layer feed. The photoperiod was reduced from 16 to 9 h in both flocks. Most of the birds in both flocks ceased egg production by 10 to 15 d of feeding the WB diets. Egg production in flock 1 gradually increased to 11.4% by 31 to 40 d and 71.4% by 41 to 50 d of the treatment, whereas the egg production in flock 2 hens lagged behind by almost 10 d. The mean egg production from 61 to 140 d exceeded 86% in both flocks. The houses in the farm were naturally contaminated with several serovars of Salmonella, not Enteriditis or Typhimurium. In both flocks with the WB treatment, no marked increase in Salmonella isolation from environmental samples was observed postmolt relative to premolt levels. The study demonstrated that feeding hens WB could be successfully used as an alternative to feed withdrawal to force-rest aging hens while not exacerbating a Salmonella problem in a commercial egg-production setting. C1 USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Vet Microbiol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pholt@seprl.usda.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 043PM UT WOS:000237613600014 ER PT J AU Tellez, G Higgins, SE Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM AF Tellez, G Higgins, SE Donoghue, AM Hargis, BM TI Digestive physiology and the role of microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Poultry-Science-Association Ancillary Scientists Symposium CY JUL 31, 2005 CL Auburn, AL SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE digestive physiology; microorganism; probiotic; prebiotic; production ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; HOST-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NF-KAPPA-B; CONVENTIONAL CHICKS; HUMAN GUT; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA; BACTERIAL FERMENTATION; LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION AB The gastrointestinal tract contains within it a microenvironment of bacteria that influences the host animal in many ways. The microfloracan metabolize several nutrients that the host cannot digest and converts these to end products (such as short-chain fatty acids), a process that has a direct impact on digestive physiology. The microbiota directs the assembly of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, helps educate the immune system, affects the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, modulates proliferation and differentiation of its epithelial lineages, regulates angiogenesis, modifies the activity of the enteric nervous system, and plays a key role in extracting and processing nutrients consumed in the diet. Despite these important effects, the mechanisms by which the gut microbial community influences host biology remain almost entirely unknown. Recent molecular-based investigations have confirmed the species diversity and metabolic complexity of gut microflora, although there is much work to be done to understand how they relate to each other as well as the host animal. It is almost a century ago that Eli Metchnikoff proposed the revolutionary idea to consume viable bacteria to promote health. Since that time, the area known as probiotics has made dramatic progress, particularly during the past 2 decades. The last 20 yr have also seen the emergence of a new, related area of study - prebiotics. Use of these 2 ideas - providing live nonpathogenic bacteria as well as substrates for their growth - have potential to help optimize the health of animals by manipulating the gastrointestinal tract in positive ways. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Tellez, G (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM gtellez@uark.edu NR 88 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 043PM UT WOS:000237613600017 ER PT J AU O'Neal, CC Hawke, JP Weirich, CR AF O'Neal, CC Hawke, JP Weirich, CR TI Evaluation of low levels of salinity on hematological parameters and health status of channel catfish reared in multiple-crop ponds SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; FRESHWATER FISH; TEMPERATURE; OSMOREGULATION; HAPTOPHYTA; TOXICITY; SURVIVAL; EFFLUENT AB A 1-year study was conducted from February 1999 to January 2000 to determine the effects of low levels of salinity on selected hematological parameters (total protein, hematocrit, leukocrit, and osmolality) and the health of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared in ponds managed under the multiple cropping production strategy. We stocked 2,000 catfish into 15 ponds (0.08 ha each) that we subdivided into five replicate ponds per each of three NaCl (salinity) treatments: freshwater conditions (nominal salinity = 0 g/L of water) or adjusted salinities of 1.5 or 3 g/L. Total protein, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality for fish reared at the NaCl-induced salinities were significantly higher than those for fish cultured in freshwater. Although the leukocrit of fish reared at a salinity of 3 g/L was significantly higher than that of fish reared in freshwater or at 1.5 g/L, all were within the normal ranges reported for channel catfish. Although two bacterial diseases known to routinely affect channel catfish (enteric septicemia of catfish and motile aero-monad septicemia) were observed at all salinity levels tested. columnaris disease was not observed during the study. Parasitic infections during certain months were less severe for fish reared in saline ponds than in freshwater. The results indicate that the hematological variables measured in this study were higher at increased salinities but within the ranges reported as normal for channel catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Aquaculture Res Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Syst Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cweirich@hboi.edu NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1577/H05-005.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034VM UT WOS:000236958700001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Levy, MG AF Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Levy, MG TI Bolbophorus infections in cultured fathead minnow SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; CONFUSUS; DIPLOSTOMATIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MISSISSIPPI; DIGENEA AB Bolbophorus trematodes in fish recently gained national attention because B damnficus infections have caused major losses of commercially raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus We report the presence of a mixed infection (B. damnificus and Bolbophorus sp.) in fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. Of the 10 trematodes identified by Bolbophorus spp.-specific polymerase chain reaction assays, 9 were Bolbophorus sp. and I was B. damnificus. This is the first report of a natural infection of B. damnificus in a nonictalurid host. In fathead minnow, the prodiplostomula examined histologically were surrounded by thin-walled cysts: rarely, the cysts were accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that consisted primarily of macrophages. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1577/H05-004.1 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 034VM UT WOS:000236958700008 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Nunez, A AF Richards, GP Nunez, A TI Specificity of a Vibrio vulnificus aminopeptidase toward Kinins and other peptidyl substrates SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; MICROBIAL INFECTIONS; KALLIKREIN-KININ; PATHOGENESIS; SEPTICEMIA; NEUROENDOCRINE; NEUROKININ; BRADYKININ; MODULATION AB Recently, phosphoglucose isomerase with a lysyl aminopeptidase (PGI-LysAP) activity was identified in Vibrio vulnificus. In this paper, we demonstrate the proteolytic cleavage of human-derived peptides by PGI-LysAP of V. vulnificus using three approaches: (i) a quantitative fluorescent ninhydrin assay for free lysine, (ii) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-two-stage time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF), and (iii) Tricine gel electrophoresis. PGI-LysAP hydrolyzed bradykinin, Lys-bradykinin, Lys-(des-Arg(9))bradykinin, neurokinin A, Met-Lys-bradykinin, histatin 8, and a myosin light chain fragment. We detected the proteolytic release of free L-lysine from peptide digests using a rapid, simple, sensitive, and quantitative fluorescent ninhydrin assay, and results were confirmed by MALDI-TOF-TOF. The use of the fluorescent ninhydrin assay to quantitatively detect free lysine hydrolyzed from peptides is the first application of its kind and serves as a paradigm for future studies. The visualization of peptide hydrolysis was accomplished by Tricine gel electrophoresis. Proteolytic processing of kinins alters their affinities toward specific cellular receptors and initiates signal transduction mechanisms responsible for inflammation, vasodilation, and enhanced vascular permeability. By applying novel approaches to determine the proteolytic potential of bacterial enzymes, we demonstrate that PGI-LysAP has broad exopeptidase activity which may enhance V. vulnificus invasiveness by altering peptides involved in signal transduction pathways. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA, ARS, Mass Spectrometry Core Technol, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Richards, GP (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, James WW Baker Ctr, 1200 N DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM grichards@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 188 IS 6 BP 2056 EP 2062 DI 10.1128/JB.188.6.2056-2062.2006 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 021JQ UT WOS:000235979900005 PM 16513735 ER PT J AU Marsh, IB Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Tizard, ML Kapur, V Whittington, RJ AF Marsh, IB Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Tizard, ML Kapur, V Whittington, RJ TI Genomic comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis sheep and cattle strains by microarray hybridization SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCE; POLYMORPHISMS; DIFFERENCE; IS1311; IS900 AB Microarray-based comparisons of three Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, including one sheep strain and two cattle strains, identified three large genomic deletions in the sheep strain, totaling 29,208 bp and involving 24 open reading frames. These deletions may help explain some of the differences in pathogenicity and host specificity observed between the cattle and sheep strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Australian Anim Hlth Lab, CSIRO, Livestock Ind, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Marsh, IB (reprint author), NSW Dept Primary Ind, Elizabeth Macarthur Agr Inst, PMB 8, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. EM ian.marsh@agric.nsw.gov.au RI Tizard, Mark/B-6610-2011; Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Tizard, Mark/0000-0001-8421-2497; Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 11 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 188 IS 6 BP 2290 EP 2293 DI 10.1128/JB.188.6.2290-2293.2006 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 021JQ UT WOS:000235979900030 PM 16513760 ER PT J AU Van Bloem, SJ Lugo, AE Murphy, PG AF Van Bloem, SJ Lugo, AE Murphy, PG TI Structural response of Caribbean dry forests to hurricane winds: a case study from Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE forest structure; Guanica Forest; hurricane; phosphorus; Puerto Rico; soil nutrient pools; sprouting; stem mortality; tropical dry forest ID COMMUNITIES; TRANSPORT; GILBERT; IMPACT; ACID AB Aim: Tropical dry forests in the Caribbean have an uniquely short, shrubby structure with a high proportion of multiple-stemmed trees compared to dry forests elsewhere in the Neotropics. Previous studies have shown that this structure can arise without the loss of main stems from cutting, grazing, or other human intervention. The Caribbean has a high frequency of hurricanes, so wind may also influence forest stature. Furthermore, these forests also tend to grow on soils with low amounts of available phosphorus, which may also influence structure. The objective of this study was to assess the role of high winds in structuring dry forest, and to determine whether soil nutrient pools influence forest response following hurricane disturbance. Location: Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico. Methods: Over 2000 stems in five plots were sampled for hurricane effects within 1 week after Hurricane Georges impacted field sites in 1998. Sprout initiation, growth, and mortality were analysed for 1407 stems for 2 years after the hurricane. Soil nutrient pools were measured at the base of 456 stems to assess association between nutrients and sprout dynamics. Results: Direct effects of the hurricane were minimal, with stem mortality at < 2% and structural damage to stems at 13%, although damage was biased toward stems of larger diameter. Sprouting response was high - over 10 times as many trees had sprouts after the hurricane as before. The number of sprouts on a stem also increased significantly. Sprouting was common on stems that only suffered defoliation or had no visible effects from the hurricane. Sprout survival after 2 years was also high (> 86%). Soil nutrient pools had little effect on forest response as a whole, but phosphorus supply did influence sprout dynamics on four of the more common tree species. Main conclusions: Hurricanes are able to influence Caribbean tropical dry forest structure by reducing average stem diameter and basal area and generating significant sprouting responses. New sprouts, with ongoing survival, will maintain the high frequency of multi-stemmed trees found in this region. Sprouting is not limited to damaged stems, indicating that trees are responding to other aspects of high winds, such as short-term gravitational displacement or sway. Soil nutrients play a secondary role in sprouting dynamics of a subset of species. The short, shrubby forest structure common to the Caribbean can arise naturally as a response to hurricane winds. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Van Bloem, SJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM svanbloem@uprm.edu RI Van Bloem, Skip/A-5109-2010; Van Bloem, Skip/C-5315-2016 OI Van Bloem, Skip/0000-0001-7165-6646 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01450.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 011GR UT WOS:000235256700012 ER PT J AU Kladnik, A Chourey, PS Pring, DR Dermastia, M AF Kladnik, A Chourey, PS Pring, DR Dermastia, M TI Development of the endosperm of Sorghum bicolor during the endoreduplication-associated growth phase SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endoreduplication; endosperm; grain; pericarp; Sorghum bicolor ID MAIZE ENDOSPERM; DNA ENDOREDUPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR-DNA; CELL-SIZE; PLANTS; CARYOPSIS; MUTANT; MOENCH AB Spatial occurrence of endoreduplication, a variant of the cell cycle resulting in endopolyploidy, was investigated in the developing sorghum caryopsis between 5 and 16 DAP (days after pollination). This was a period of intense mitotic and endoreduplication-associated endosperm growth. Endopolyploidy was quantitatively analyzed on median caryopsis sections using image densitometry that provided in situ cytometrical data. In the endosperm, the first endopolyploid nuclei with a nuclear DNA content of 12C (where 1C represents the nuclear DNA content of a nonreplicated haploid genome) were detected at 5 DAR In subsequent days progressively higher levels of endopolyploidy occurred, and nuclei with the highest amount of DNA (96C) were first observed at 10DAP. The highly endopolyploid nuclei were located only in the central region of the endosperm and their occurrence coincided with the onset of starch deposition in the endosperm. Cells with non-endopolyploid nuclei (3C and 6C) were found exclusively in the peripheral layers of the endosperm. No starch was observed in the basal part of the endosperm where the highest level of endopolyploidy was 24C. The volume of endosperm nucleai and cells showed a positive correlation with the level of endopolyploidy. Endoreduplication was also prominent in the pericarp, where the highest level of endopolyploidy was 16C. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol & Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, Vecna Pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM marina.dermastia@bf.uni-lj.si RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.09.004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 015ZH UT WOS:000235589700010 ER PT J AU Baye, TM Pearson, TC Settles, AM AF Baye, TM Pearson, TC Settles, AM TI Development of a calibration to predict maize seed composition using single kernel near infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE maize; near infrared spectroscopy; seed composition; single kernel ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CORN KERNELS; PROTEIN-CONTENT; TOTAL NITROGEN; OIL CONTENT; TRANSMITTANCE; STARCH; WHEAT; AFLATOXIN AB The relative composition of protein, oil, and starch in the maize kernel has a large genetic component. Predictions of kernel composition based on single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy would enable rapid selection of individual seed with desired traits. To determine if single-kernel near infrared spectroscopy can be used to accurately predict internal kernel composition, near infrared reflectance (NIR) and near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectra were collected from 2160 maize kernels of different genotypes grown in several environments. A validation set of an additional 480 kernels was analyzed in parallel. Constituents were determined analytically by pooling kernels of the same genotype grown in the same environment. The NIT spectra had high levels of noise and were not suitable for predicting kernel composition. Partial least squares regression was used to develop predictive models from the NIR spectra for the composition results. Calibrations developed from the absolute amount of each constituent on a per kernel basis gave good predictive power, while models based on the percent composition of constituents in the meal gave poor predictions. These data suggest that single kernel NIR spectra are reporting an absolute amount of each component in the kernel. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Hort Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Settles, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Hort Sci Dept, POB 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM settles@ufl.edu OI Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 NR 33 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.11.003 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 015ZH UT WOS:000235589700014 ER PT J AU Mao, WF Berhow, MA Zangerl, AR McGovern, J Berenbaum, MR AF Mao, WF Berhow, MA Zangerl, AR McGovern, J Berenbaum, MR TI Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of xanthotoxin by Papilio multicaudatus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detoxification; furanocoumarin; induction; Lepidoptera; metabolite; Rutaceae; swallowtail ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; TROILUS SPECIES GROUPS; SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENUS PAPILIO; LEPIDOPTERA; EVOLUTION; GLAUCUS; MONOOXYGENASES; DETOXIFICATION AB Within the genus Papilio, the P. glaucus group contains the most polyphagous Papilio species within the Papilionidae. The majority of Papilio species are associated with hostplants in the families Rutaceae and Apiaceae, and characterizing most are secondary metabolites called furanocoumarins. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that furanocoumarin metabolism is an ancestral trait, with the glaucus group derived from ancestors associated with furanocoumarin-containing Rutaceae. In this study, we examined this relationship by conducting a gravimetric analysis of growth that used various concentrations of the furanocoumarin xanthotoxin. Papilio multicaudatus, the putative ancestor of the glaucus group, includes at least one furanocoumarin-containing rutaceous species among its hostplants; this species can consume leaf tissue containing up to 0.3% xanthotoxin with no detectable effect on relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, or efficiency of conversion of ingested food. As is the case for other Papilio species, xanthotoxin metabolism is mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). Ingestion of xanthotoxin by ultimate instar P. multicaudatus increases activity up to 30-fold in a dose-dependent fashion. Midguts of induced larvae can also effectively metabolize six other furanocoumarins, including both linear (bergapten, isopimpinellin, imperatorin) and angular (angelicin, sphondin) forms. A metabolite of xanthotoxin in the frass from xanthotoxin-treated larvae, identified as 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-acetic acid by MS-MS and NMR analyses, is identical to one from the frass of P. polyxenes. The occurrence of this metabolite in two swallowtails and the presence of a second metabolite of xanthotoxin, 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-hydroxyethanol in the frass of both P. polyxenes and Depressaria pastinacella are consistent with the suggestion that lepidopterans share as the first step of xanthotoxin metabolism the P450-mediated epoxidation of the furan ring 2'-3' double bond. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARSN, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Berenbaum, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM maybe@uiuc.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-9018-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041EL UT WOS:000237436200002 PM 16572296 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Weisleder, D Grode, SH Wiedenmann, RN Post, SL AF Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Weisleder, D Grode, SH Wiedenmann, RN Post, SL TI Dimethylfuran-lactone pheromone from males of Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Galerucella calmariensis; Galerucella pusilla; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; purple loosestrife; Lythrum salicaria; biological control; lactone; synthesis; attraction; aggregation pheromone ID FURAN FATTY-ACIDS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; GENERAL-APPROACH; SEX-PHEROMONE; FLEA BEETLES; LEAF BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; SESQUITERPENES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PHYLLOTRETA AB Male Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emit an aggregation pheromone while feeding on host foliage. Isolation of the compound from collected volatiles was guided by comparisons of gas chromatograms of extracts from males and females and by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. The compound was identified by a combination of spectrometric methods and microchemical tests as the novel dimethylfuran lactone, 12,13-dimethyl-5,14-dioxabicyclo[9.2.1]tetradeca-1(13),11-dien-4-one. The structure was confirmed by synthesis, and the synthetic compound attracted males and females of both species in field bioassays. These beetles were previously introduced into North America as biological control agents for the invasive wetland weed, purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, and the pheromone could become a tool for monitoring populations. A new method is described for distinguishing the two species based on the tibial spurs of the males. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Ultilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Pfizer Global Mfg, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Ultilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bartelrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 693 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s10886-005-9026-3 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 041EL UT WOS:000237436200014 PM 16586036 ER PT J AU Siragusa, GR Danyluk, MD Hiett, KL Wise, MG Craven, SE AF Siragusa, GR Danyluk, MD Hiett, KL Wise, MG Craven, SE TI Molecular subtyping of poultry-associated type A Clostridium perfringens isolates by repetitive-element PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BORNE-DISEASE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; DNA-SEQUENCES; RETAIL FOODS AB Clostridium perfringens strains (type A) isolated from an integrated poultry operation were subtyped using repetitive-element PCR with Dt primers. Isolates were obtained from fecal, egg shell, fluff, and carcass rinse samples as part of a previously reported temporally linked epidemiological survey. A total of 48 isolates of C. perfringens were obtained from different stages of the broiler chicken production chain from two separate breeder farms that supplied a single hatchery that in turn provided chicks to a single grow-out farm whose flocks were processed at a single plant. All 48 isolates were typeable (100% typeability) by repetitive-element PCR with Dt primers. This subtyping method was highly reproducible and discriminatory. By repetitive-element PCR with Dt primers, isolates were classified into four major branches with 12 subgroups or clades. The Simpson's index of discrimination was calculated to be 0.96 for groupings of > 95% correlation. Toxin gene profiles of the isolates indicated that all of the isolates were C. perfringens alpha-toxin gene positive and 46 of 48 isolates were beta2-toxin gene positive. All strains were negative for beta- and epsilon-toxin genes. Repetitive sequence-based PCR was found to be a technically practical and reproducible means of subtyping C. perfringens libraries from specific epidemiological or production environment settings. C1 United States Dept Agr, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), United States Dept Agr, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1128/JCM.44.3.1065-1073.2006 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 022ZP UT WOS:000236095000057 PM 16517895 ER PT J AU Firkins, JL Hristov, AN Hall, MB Varga, GA St-Pierre, NR AF Firkins, JL Hristov, AN Hall, MB Varga, GA St-Pierre, NR TI Integration of ruminal metabolism in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ADSA/ASAS/CSAS CY JUL, 2005 CL Cincinnati, OH SP ADSA, ASAS, CSAS DE microbial protein synthesis; milk protein; rumen carbohydrate degradation; volatile fatty acid metabolism ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; IN-VITRO; PURINE DERIVATIVES; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; RUMEN FERMENTATION AB An important objective is to identify nutrients or dietary factors that are most critical for advancing our knowledge of, and improving our ability to predict, milk protein production. The Dairy NRC (2001) model is sensitive to prediction of microbial protein synthesis, which is among the most important component of models integrating requirement and corresponding supply of metabolizable protein or amino acids. There are a variety of important considerations when assessing appropriate use of microbial marker methodology. Statistical formulas and examples are included to document and explain limitations in using a calibration equation from a source publication to predict duodenal flow of purine bases from measured urinary purine derivatives in a future study, and an improved approach was derived. Sources of specific carbohydrate rumen-degraded protein components probably explain microbial interactions and differences among studies. Changes in microbial populations might explain the variation in ruminal outflow of biohydrogenation intermediates that modify milk fat secretion. Finally, microbial protein synthesis can be better integrated with the production of volatile fatty acids, which do not necessarily reflect volatile fatty acid molar proportions in the rumen. The gut and splanchnic tissues metabolize varying amounts of volatile fatty acids, and propionate has important hormonal responses influencing milk protein percentage. Integration of ruminal metabolism with that in the mammary and peripheral tissues can be improved to increase the efficiency of conversion of dietary nutrients into milk components for more efficient milk production with decreased environmental impact. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Moscow 83844, Russia. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Firkins, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM firkins.1@osu.edu NR 149 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 89 SU 1 BP E31 EP E51 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 020DU UT WOS:000235889400004 PM 16527876 ER PT J AU Lubowski, RN Plantinga, AJ Stavins, RN AF Lubowski, RN Plantinga, AJ Stavins, RN TI Land-use change and carbon sinks: Econometric estimation of the carbon sequestration supply function SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abatement; carbon; climate change; costs; forestry; greenhouse gases; land use; land-use change; sequestration ID MARGINAL AGRICULTURAL LAND; GREENHOUSE-GAS MITIGATION; SEQUESTERING CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST SINKS; COSTS; UNCERTAINTY; STRATEGIES; ABATEMENT AB If the United States chooses to implement a greenhouse gas reduction program, it Would be necessary to decide whether to include carbon sequestration policies-such as those that promote forestation and discourage deforestation-as part of the domestic portfolio of compliance activities. We investigate the cost of forest-based carbon sequestration by analyzing econometrically micro-data on revealed landowner preferences, modeling six major private land uses in a comprehensive analysis of the contiguous United States. The econometric estimates are used to simulate landowner responses to sequestration policies. We treat key commodity prices as endogenous and predict carbon storage changes with a carbon sink model. Our estimated sequestration costs exceed those from previous engineering cost analyses and sectoral optimization models. Our estimated sequestration supply function is similar to the carbon abatement supply function from energy-based analyses, suggesting that forest-based carbon sequestration merits consideration in a cost-effective portfolio of domestic US climate change strategies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Lubowski, RN (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM rlubowski@ers.udsa.gov; plantinga@oregonstate.edu; robert_stavins@harvard.edu NR 46 TC 131 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2005.08.001 PG 18 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 037KF UT WOS:000237144900002 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Cole, NA Clark, RN AF Todd, RW Cole, NA Clark, RN TI Reducing crude protein inn beef cafe diet reduces ammonia emissions from artificial feedyard surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; DAIRY-CATTLE; UREASE INHIBITORS; NITROGEN; VOLATILIZATION; MANURE; FEEDLOTS; WASTE; FIELD; PERFORMANCE AB Concentrated animal feeding operations are major sources of ammonia to the atmosphere. Control methods to reduce emissions include acidifying amendments, urease inhibitors, and absorbents. For beef cattle, decreasing crude protein (CP) in diets may be the most practical and cost-effective method to reduce ammonia emissions. Our objective was to quantify the effect of reducing CP in beef cattle diet on ammonia emissions. Two groups of steers were fed diets with either 11.5 or 13.0% CP and all urine and feces were collected. Manures from the two diet treatments were applied in a replicated laboratory chamber experiment, and ammonia emission was quantified using acid gas washing. In four seasonal field trials, manures from the two diet treatments were applied to two 10-m-diameter, circular, artificial feedyard surfaces, and ammonia emission was quantified using the integrated horizontal flux method. Manure from steers fed 11.5% CP diet had less urine, less urinary N, and a lesser fraction of total N in urine, compared with the 13.0% CP diet. (Decreasing crude protein in beef cattle diets from 13 to 11.5% significantly decreased ammonia emission by 44% (p < 0.01) in the closed chamber laboratory experiment, and decreased mean daily ammonia flux by 30% (p = 0.10), 52% (p = 0.08), and 29% (p < 0.01) in summer, autumn, and spring field trials, respectively. No difference was observed in winter. On an annual basis, decreasing crude protein reduced daily ammonia flux by 28%. Reducing crude protein in beef cattle diets may provide the most practical and cost-effective way to reduce ammonia emissions from feedyards. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Todd, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rtodd@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0045 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VY UT WOS:000235942300001 PM 16455840 ER PT J AU Murphy, JD Johnson, DW Miller, WW Walker, RF Carroll, EF Blank, RR AF Murphy, JD Johnson, DW Miller, WW Walker, RF Carroll, EF Blank, RR TI Wildfire effects on soil nutrients and leaching in a Tahoe Basin watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; CALIFORNIA NEVADA; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOREST SOILS; LAKE TAHOE; FIRE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; CARBON AB A wildfire burned through a previously sampled research site, allowing pre- and post-burn measurements of the forest floor, soils, and soil leaching near Lake Tahoe, Nevada. Fire and post-fire erosion caused large and statistically significant (P <= 0.05) losses of C, N, P, S, Ca, and Mg from the forest floor. There were no statistically significant effects on mineral soils aside from a decrease in total N in the surface (All) horizon, an increase in pH in the All horizon, and increases in water-extractable SO42- in the All and A12 horizons. Burning caused consistent but nonsignificant increases in exchangeable Ca 21 in most horizons, but no consistent or statistically significant effects on exchangeable K+ or Mg2+, or on Bray-, bicarbonate-, or water-extractable P concentrations. Before the burn, there were no significant differences in leaching, but during the first winter after the fire, soil solution concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, ortho-P, and (especially) SO42- were elevated in the burned area, and resin lysimeters showed significant increases in the leaching of NH4+ and mineral N. The leaching losses of mineral N were much smaller than the losses from the forest floor and All horizons, however. We conclude that the major short-term effects of wildfire were on leaching whereas the major long-term effect was the loss of N from the forest floor and soil during the fire. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 45 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0144 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VY UT WOS:000235942300009 PM 16455848 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Balaa, MF Sims, J King, R AF McLaughlin, MR Balaa, MF Sims, J King, R TI Isolation of Salmonella bacteriophages from swine effluent lagoons SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL CONTAMINATION; BROILER-CHICKENS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; BIOCONTROL; WATER; PREVENTION; INFECTION; PATHOGENS AB Bacteriophages (phages) associated with Salmonella were collected from nine swine manure lagoons in Mississippi. Phages were isolated by an enrichment protocol or directly from effluent. For enrichment, chloroform-treated samples were filtered (0.22 mu m) and selectively enriched by adding a cocktail of Salmonella strains in trypticase soy broth. After overnight incubation at 35 C, chloroform was added and samples stored at 5 C. Enriched samples were tested by double agar layer (DAL) plaque assay against individual Salmonella isolates. Phage titers of 2.9 X 10(8) to 2.1 X 10(9) plaque forming units (pfu) per mL were produced, but estimation of phage titers in lagoons was not possible. For direct isolation, effluent was clarified by centrifugation, filtered (0.22 mu m), and used in DAL plaque assays to select single-plaque isolates for 15 Salmonella strains. Plaque counts varied among Salmonella strains and lagoons. The most sensitive strain for direct phage recovery was ATCC 13311. Phage titers estimated by direct isolation with ATCC 13311 ranged among lagoons from 12 to 148 pfu per mL. In limited host range tests, 66 isolates recovered by the enrichment protocol produced plaques only on Enteritidis and Typhimurium strains of Salmonella and none produced plaques on lagoon isolates of Citrobacter, Escherichia, Proteus, Providencia, or Serratia. Electron microscopy (EM) showed purified enrichment isolates had Podoviridae morphology (tailless 50-nm icosahedral heads with tail spikes). Electron microscopy of clarified concentrated effluent showed 5.5:1 tailless to tailed phages. The isolated phages have potential as typing reagents, specific indicators, and biocontrol agents of Salmonella. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mmclaughlin@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0080 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VY UT WOS:000235942300014 PM 16455853 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA AF Vadas, PA TI Distribution of phosphorus in manure slurry and its infiltration after application to soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; SWINE MANURE; SEPARATION; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; FRESH AB Computer models help identify agricultural areas where P transport potential is high, but commonly used models do not simulate surface application of manures and P transport from manures to runoff. As part of an effort to model such P transport, we conducted manure slurry separation and soil infiltration experiments to determine how much slurry P infiltrates into soil after application but before rain, thus becoming less available to runoff. We applied dairy and swine slurry to soil columns and after both 24 and 96 h analyzed solids remaining on the soil surface for dry matter, total phosphorus (TP), and water-extractable inorganic (WEIPP) and organic (WE P) phosphorus. We analyzed underlying soils for Mehlich-3 and water-extractable P We also conducted slurry separation experiments by sieving, centrifuging, and suction-filtering to determine which method could easily estimate slurry P infiltration into soils. About 20% of slurry solids and 40 to 65% of slurry TP and WEIP infiltrated into soil after application, rendering this P less available to transport in runoff. Slurry separation by suction-filtering through a screen with 0.75-mm-diameter openings was the best method to estimate this slurry P infiltration. Measured quantities of manure WE P changed too much during experiments to estimate WE P infiltration into soil or what separation method can approximate infiltration. Applying slurries to soils always increased soil P in the top 0 to 1 cm of soil, frequently in the 1- to 2-cm depth of soil, but rarely below 2 cm. Future research should use soils with coarser texture or large macropores, and slurry with low dry matter content (1-2%). C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0214 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VY UT WOS:000235942300016 PM 16455855 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Warnemuende, EA Haggard, BE Huang, C AF Smith, DR Warnemuende, EA Haggard, BE Huang, C TI Dredging of drainage ditches increases short-term transport of soluble phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID APPLIED POULTRY LITTER; SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS; AMENDED SOILS; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; RUNOFF; PHOSPHATE; RELEASE; PHYTASE; WATER; MACROPHYTES AB Managed drainage ditches are common in the midwestern United States. These ditches are designed to remove water from fields as quickly as possible, and sediment buildup necessitates dredging, to ensure adequate water removal. This laboratory study was conducted to determine the impact of ditch dredging on soluble phosphorus (P) transport. Ditch sediments were collected from a drainage ditch in northeastern Indiana immediately before and after dredging. The sediments were placed in a stream simulator, and stream water was loaded with 0.55 mM P for 5 d (adsorption experiment). Water was then removed, and "clean" water (no P added) was used for a desorption experiment, lasting 1 d. During the adsorption experiment, pre-dredged sediments were able to remove P from the water column quicker, and P concentrations 120 h after introduction of high P water were lower for the pre-dredged sediments (0.075 mM P) than the dredged sediments (0.111 mM P). During the desorption experiment, P was released to the water column slower in the pre-dredged treatment than the dredged treatment (instantaneous flux at t = 0 was 0.205 mu M P h(-1) for pre-dredged and 0.488 mu M P h(-1) for dredged). This occurred despite higher Mehlich 3-extractable P in the pre-dredged sediments than the dredged sediments. Equilibrium phosphorus concentrations (EPC(o)) were lower in the pre-dredged sediments during both adsorption and desorption experiments. Transport of soluble P immediately after dredging will likely increase in drainage ditches; however, dredging is a necessary management tool to ensure adequate discharge of water from surrounding fields. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM drsmith@purdue.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0301 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 020VY UT WOS:000235942300024 PM 16510706 ER PT J AU Lucero, ME Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Morrison, AA Richman, DB AF Lucero, ME Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Morrison, AA Richman, DB TI Volatile composition of Gutierrezia sarothrae (Broom snakeweed) as determined by steam distillation and solid phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gutierezia sarothrae; broom snakeweed; Asteraceae; essential oil composition; limonene ID TOXIC RANGE PLANTS; FLAVONOIDS; MICROCEPHALA; CHEMISTRY AB Volatiles of Gutierezia sarothrae (broom snakeweed, snakeweed) were isolated from ground, composite tissues by steam distillation and by solid phase microextraction (SPME), then separated and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectral and flame ionization detection. Compounds detected varied in quantity between isolation protocols. In the oil, cryptone (6.4%) and beta-eudesmol (5.9%) were the only compounds comprising more than 5% of the chromatographic peak area. In samples prepared by solid-phase microextraction, limonene (10.4%), beta-pinene (9.6%), beta-eudesmol (8.0%), sabinene (7.8%), cryptone (6.5%), alpha-pinene (5.5%) and o-cymene (5.2%) accounted for 53% of the extracted volatiles. The results revealed a complex volatile composition from which unique compounds may still be identified. C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lucero, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM malucero@nmsu.edu NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 032ZP UT WOS:000236815800002 ER PT J AU Tieman, DM Zeigler, M Schmelz, EA Taylor, MG Bliss, P Kirst, M Klee, HJ AF Tieman, DM Zeigler, M Schmelz, EA Taylor, MG Bliss, P Kirst, M Klee, HJ TI Identification of loci affecting flavour volatile emissions in tomato fruits SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; fruit flavour; loci; tomato; volatiles ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BETA-CAROTENE; ZEA-MAYS; PLANT; WILD; BIOGENESIS; CONTRIBUTE; CLONING; AROMA AB Fresh tomato fruit flavour is the sum of the interaction between sugars, acids, and a set of approximately 30 volatile compounds synthesized from a diverse set of precursors, including amino acids, lipids, and carotenoids. Some of these volatiles impart desirable qualities while others are negatively perceived. As a first step to identify the genes responsible for the synthesis of flavour-related chemicals, an attempt was made to identify loci that influence the chemical composition of ripe fruits. A genetically diverse but well-defined Solanum pennellii IL population was used. Because S. pennellii is a small green-fruited species, this population exhibits great biochemical diversity and is a rich source of genes affecting both fruit development and chemical composition. This population was used to identify multiple loci affecting the composition of chemicals related to flavour. Twenty-five loci were identified that are significantly altered in one or more of 23 different volatiles and four were altered in citric acid content. It was further shown that emissions of carotenoid-derived volatiles were directly correlated with the fruit carotenoid content. Linked molecular markers should be useful for breeding programmes aimed at improving fruit flavour. In the longer term, the genes responsible for controlling the levels of these chemicals will be important tools for understanding the complex interactions that ultimately integrate to provide the unique flavour of a tomato. C1 Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, POB 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ifas.ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 30 TC 108 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1093/jxb/erj074 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 018NR UT WOS:000235771700017 PM 16473892 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Panangala, VS AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Panangala, VS TI Induced cross-protection in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), against different immobilization serotypes of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibodies; channel catfish; cross-protection; Ichthyophthirius; immune response; serotypes ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; HUMORAL ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; TETRAHYMENA-PYRIFORMIS; PARASITIC CILIATE; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; JUVENILE CARP; IMMUNIZATION; FOUQUET; ANTIGENS; REACTIVITY AB Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), were immunized with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) theronts and trophonts, and the immune response and host protection against both homologous and heterologous serotypes of Ich were evaluated. Immunizations were done with two immobilization serotypes (ARS4 and ARS6) of live theronts by bath immersion (trial I) and with sonicated trophonts by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (trial II). Cutaneous and serum antibody titres against Ich following immunization were measured and survival of catfish was determined after theront challenge. Theronts were immobilized by the antiserum from fish immunized with homologous theronts or trophonts, but not by the serum of fish immunized with the heterologous serotype. Serum from fish immunized by immersion with live theronts showed higher enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titres against both homologous and heterologous serotypes than fish immunized by i.p. injection of trophonts. Channel catfish immunized by immersion with live theronts or by i.p. injection with sonicated trophonts developed an immune response against Ich and provided cross-protection against challenge from both serotypes (ARS4 and ARS6) of the parasite. Sonicated trophont antigens in aqueous solution by i.p. injection could stimulate an immune response in fish, but the immunity was of short duration. C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM dxu@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00700.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 021LU UT WOS:000235985500001 PM 16533298 ER PT J AU Chun, J Lee, J Ye, L Exler, J Eitenmiller, RR AF Chun, J Lee, J Ye, L Exler, J Eitenmiller, RR TI Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of raw and processed fruits and vegetables in the United States diet SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; fruits; vegetables; HPLC; analysis ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FOODS; PERFORMANCE; TISSUES AB Tocopherol and tocotrienol. contents of raw fruits and vegetables and processed products were determined by saponification and normal phase liquid chromatography. All samples were either locally obtained or collected as part of the US Department of Agriculture's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP). All fruits, vegetables and processed products were selected from the USDA Key Foods list. The study included 32 raw and processed fruits, 22 raw vegetables, various tomato products, baked beans, cooked potatoes, frozen broccoli and frozen green peas. alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-T) was detectable in all products and usually represented the vitamin E form present in highest quantity. gamma-Tocopherol (gamma-T) was higher than alpha-T only in cantaloupes, figs, red raspberries, cauliflower, button mushrooms, lettuce, and green peas. alpha- and gamma-Tocotrienols (alpha- and gamma-T3) were measurable in several fruit and vegetables but at levels usually less than 0.1 mg/100 g. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Eitenmiller, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM eiten@uga.edu NR 20 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 EI 1096-0481 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAR-MAY PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.08.001 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 998FI UT WOS:000234303600013 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Pastor-Corrales, MA AF Luthria, DL Pastor-Corrales, MA TI Phenolic acids content of fifteen dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE phenolic acids; caffeic acid; p-coumaric acid; ferulic acid; sinapic; HPLC; ten beans class; fifteen varieties; soaking and cooking; sequential hydrolysis; Phaseolus vulgaris L ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEED COAT COLOR; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARRAY DETECTION; DNA-DAMAGE; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; CAPACITY; FOODS AB A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (DAD) procedure separating and quantifying 16 phenolic acids was used for determination of phenolic acids content in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Dry beans from 10 market classes and 15 varieties that are commonly consumed in the United States were screened for phenolic acids content. Systematic sequential hydrolysis of a model Black bean (Eclipse variety) showed an insignificant amount of free phenolic acids were extracted with a mixture of methanol and water (85:15,%v/v) containing 10% acetic acid. The majority of phenolic acids were extracted from the base hydrolyzed fraction, and further sequential acid hydrolysis of the same extract did not yield any additional amounts of phenolic acid. Therefore all bean samples were ground and hydrolyzed with base in the presence of ascorbic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and the free phenolic acids were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by HPLC. Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were detected and quantified in all varieties. However, caffeic acid was detected in measurable amount only in two Black bean varieties (T-39 and Eclipse). The average phenolic acid content of dry bean sample was determined to be 31.2mg/100g. Total phenolic acid content among all samples varied between 19.1 and 48.3 mg/100 g of bean samples. Ferulic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid present in all samples, whereas intermediate levels of p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were extracted from all bean samples. Over 83% of the total phenolic acids were retained in bean samples during the cooking process, and only 2% or less were detected in water extracts during overnight soaking. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, ARS, Room 202 B,Bldg 161,BARCE,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM luthriad@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAR-MAY PY 2006 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 998FI UT WOS:000234303600014 ER PT J AU Naugle, AL Holt, KG Levine, P Eckel, R AF Naugle, AL Holt, KG Levine, P Eckel, R TI Sustained decrease in the rate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7-positive raw ground beef samples tested by the food safety and inspection service SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Tech Serv Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Naugle, AL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 480 EP 481 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 019YA UT WOS:000235873300001 PM 16541674 ER PT J AU Thammasuvimol, G Seo, KH Song, KY Holt, PS Brackett, RE AF Thammasuvimol, G Seo, KH Song, KY Holt, PS Brackett, RE TI Optimization of ferrioxamine E concentration as effective supplementation for selective isolation of Salmonella enteritidis in egg white SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SHELL EGGS; HENS EGG; ENRICHMENT MEDIA; GROWTH; IRON; PREENRICHMENT; INFECTION; ENTERICA; ALBUMIN AB Utilization of ferrioxamine E (FE) as a sole source of iron distinguishes Salmonella from a number of related species, including Escherichia coli. FE is not able to serve as a source of iron for E. coli or the Proteus-Providencia-Morganella group. This confers a selective advantage on Salmonella Enteritidis in egg white supplemented with FE. The optimum concentration of FE that promoted a selective advantage for Salmonella in egg white was determined. Four supplementation concentrations were evaluated (25, 50, 200, and 500 mu g/ml) in egg white artificially inoculated with proportionally mixed cultures of a rifampin-resistant strain of Salmonella Enteritidis (0.1 ml of 10(2) CFU/ml) and E. coli K-12 (0.1 ml of 10(1) through 10(8) CFU/ml). After a 24-h incubation at 37 degrees C, Salmonella and E. coli populations were enumerated. At higher concentrations of FE (> 50 mu g/ml), both Salmonella and E. coli were able to use the iron supplement (1 to 8.5 log CFU/ml and 1.8 to 8 log CFU/ml, respectively); however, lower FE concentrations (<= 50 mu g/ml) exclusively promoted Salmonella growth. Salmonella was unrecoverable without supplementation. This study indicates that optimum levels of FE supplementation in egg can improve the selective detection for Salmonella Enteritidis among other competitive organisms. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Plant & Dairy Foods, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Plant & Dairy Foods, 5100 Paint Branch Pkway, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kseo@cfsan.fda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 019YA UT WOS:000235873300023 PM 16541696 ER PT J AU Vivanti, V Finotti, E Friedman, M AF Vivanti, V Finotti, E Friedman, M TI Level of acrylamide precursors asparagine, fructose, glucose, and sucrose in potatoes sold at retail in Italy and in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analysis; acrylamide precursors; asparagine; fructose; glucose; sucrose; commercial potatoes ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; FRIED POTATO; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; SYSTEM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTION; CULTIVARS; PROTEINS AB The free amino acid asparagine and the reducing sugars glucose and fructose has been reported to serve as precursors for the heat-induced formation of potentially toxic acrylamide in a variety of plant-based food. To contribute to our knowledge about the levels of these precursors, we used ion-exchange chromatography to measure free asparagine and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure free glucose, fructose, and sucrose in 9 potato varieties sold at retail in Italy and in 22 varieties sold in the United States. Asparagine levels (in mmol/kg of fresh wt) ranged from 1.17 for the Agata potatoes to 57.65 Russet potatoes, a 49.3-fold variation from lowest to highest value. The corresponding levels for fructose ranged from 1.73 (Fingerling Ozette) to 33.63 (Red), a 19.4-fold variation from the lowest to the highest value. For glucose, the concentration ranged from 1.11 (Jelli) to 34.73 (Yukon Gold B) potatoes, a 31.3-fold variation from lowest to highest value. The corresponding values for sucrose ranged from 1.16 (Fingerling Ozette) to 40.61 (Marabel) potatoes, a 35-fold variation. The American potato varieties Kennebec, White, and Fingerling Ozette and the Italian potato varieties Agria, Merit, and Marabel had very low levels of both asparagine and reducing sugars. The results may enable consumers, restaurants, and processors to select commercial potatoes with low levels of acrylamide precursors for baking or frying. C1 Italian Natl Food & Nutr Res Inst, I-00178 Rome, Italy. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Italian Natl Food & Nutr Res Inst, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 71 IS 2 BP C81 EP C85 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 027VZ UT WOS:000236445200006 ER PT J AU Solomon, EB Huang, LH Sites, JE Annous, BA AF Solomon, EB Huang, LH Sites, JE Annous, BA TI Thermal inactivation of Salmonella on cantaloupes using hot water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; surface pasteurization; Salmonella; efficacy; decontamination ID WHOLE; RECOVERY; SURFACE AB The inactivation of Salmonella on cantaloupes using hot water was investigated. Whole melons, inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella isolates, were subjected to thermal treatments of various lengths in water at 65 degrees C 75 degrees C, and 85 degrees C. Treatment with water at 85 degrees C for 60 and 90 s resulted in reductions of up to 4.7 log colony forming units (CFU) per square centimeter of rind. However, the rind of melons treated at 85 degrees C for 90 s were noticeably softer than the rind of melons treated for 60 s. Thermal penetration profiles were measured and computer simulations were conducted to verify the effect of hot water treatment conditions on the internal temperatures of cantaloupe melons. Experimental and simulation data indicated that the internal temperature of melons treated with hot water did not increase rapidly compared with the rind temperature. Regardless of the process temperature used, the temperature of the edible flesh, 10 mm from the surface of the rind, remained at least 40 degrees C cooler than the surface temperature of cantaloupe melons. These results demonstrate the utility of hot water for the inactivation of Salmonella on cantaloupes and provide a framework to producers of fresh-cut melon for the potential use of hot water as an intervention treatment. C1 DuPont Chem Solut Enterprise, Wilmington, DE USA. USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Annous, BA (reprint author), DuPont Chem Solut Enterprise, Wilmington, DE USA. EM bannous@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 71 IS 2 BP M25 EP M30 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 027VZ UT WOS:000236445200024 ER PT J AU Barrett, TM Gatziolis, D Fried, JS Waddell, KL AF Barrett, TM Gatziolis, D Fried, JS Waddell, KL TI Sudden oak death in California: What is the potential? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest monitoring; forest health; ramorum dieback; ramorum leafblight ID SPREAD AB Sudden oak death, a disease associated with the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, has a large number of shrub and tree host species. Three of the tree species most susceptible to mortality from the disease, California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), are estimated to predominate by basal area on 1.52 (+/-0.10) million ac in 12 counties that currently are under quarantine for the disease. The variety, prevalence, and importance of host species to wildlife indicate a high potential for impact on forest ecosystems in California. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW & Pacific SW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Barrett, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW & Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM tbarrett@fs.fed.us; dgatziolis@fs.fed.us; jsfried@fs.fed.us; kwaddell@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 030SZ UT WOS:000236656200003 ER PT J AU Carnus, JM Parrotta, J Brockerhoff, E Arbez, M Jactel, H Kremer, A Lamb, D O'Hara, K Walters, B AF Carnus, JM Parrotta, J Brockerhoff, E Arbez, M Jactel, H Kremer, A Lamb, D O'Hara, K Walters, B TI Planted forests and biodiversity SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE biological diversity; conservation biology; planted forests; stand management; landscape management ID TROPICAL TREE PLANTATIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; CONIFEROUS PLANTATIONS; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; BEETLE COMMUNITIES; SECONDARY FORESTS; ACACIA-MEARNSII; NATURAL FORESTS; STAND STRUCTURE; MIXED STANDS AB Expansion of planted forests and intensification of their management has raised concerns among forest managers and the public over the implications of these trends for sustainable production and conservation of forest biological diversity. We review the current state of knowledge on the impacts of plantation forestry on genetic and species diversity at different spatial scales and discuss the economic and ecological implications of biodiversity management within plantation stands and landscapes. Managing plantations to produce goods such as timber while also enhancing ecological services such as biodiversity involves tradeoffs, which can be made only with a clear understanding of the ecological context of plantations in the broader landscape and agreement among stakeholders on the desired balance of goods and ecological services from plantations. C1 INRA, Forest Entomol Lab, F-33610 Pierroton, Cestas, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Univ Canterbury, Ensis, Forest Hlth & Biodivers Grp, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Inst Europeen Foret Cultivee, F-33610 Cestas, France. Inst Europeen Foret Cultivee, F-33610 Cestas, France. INRA, Biodivers Res Unit, F-33610 Pierroton, Cestas, France. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mt Allison Univ, Sackville, NB E4L 1A7, Canada. RP Carnus, JM (reprint author), INRA, Forest Entomol Lab, Forest & Wood Res Site, F-33610 Pierroton, Cestas, France. EM carnus@pierroton.inra.fr; jparrotta@fs.fed.us; Eckehard.Brockerhoff@ensisjv.com; aquitaine@iefc.net; herve.jactel@pierroton.inra.fr; antoine.kremer@pierroton.inra.fr; d.lamb@botany.uq.edu.au; ohara@nature.berkeley.edu; bwalters@mta.ca RI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/C-1528-2009; JACTEL, Herve/F-3864-2010; OI Brockerhoff, Eckehard/0000-0002-5962-3208; O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188 NR 114 TC 172 Z9 188 U1 24 U2 107 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 030SZ UT WOS:000236656200004 ER PT J AU Graham, GW Goebel, PC Heiligmann, RB Bumgardner, MS AF Graham, GW Goebel, PC Heiligmann, RB Bumgardner, MS TI Maple syrup production in Ohio and the impact of Ohio State University (OSU) Extension programming SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE maple syrup; sugarbush; forest management; Extension ID SAP SUGAR CONTENT; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION AB The maple syrup industry in Ohio, which ranks fifth in total production in the United States, is comprised primarily of small family owned operations that are served by The Ohio State University (OSU) Extension system. We evaluated the effectiveness of OSU Extension educational programming designed to improve sugarbush and sugarhouse management through a survey administered at the three 2004 Ohio Maple Days workshops. Most survey respondents indicated that after attending post maple syrup workshops they implemented changes that were relatively simple and inexpensive; however, most indicated they are interested in learning more about technologies that increase production and maple syrup quality. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Graham, GW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM graham.124@osu.edu; goebel.11@osu.edu; heiligmann.l@osu.edu; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 030SZ UT WOS:000236656200008 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Allen, CD Betancourt, J Chong, GW Fotheringham, CJ Safford, HD AF Keeley, JE Allen, CD Betancourt, J Chong, GW Fotheringham, CJ Safford, HD TI A 21st century perspective on postfire seeding SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Reg, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM j_keeley@usgs.gov; craig_allen@usgs.gov; jlbetanc@usgs.gov; geneva_chong@usgs.gov; seajay@ucla.edu; hdsafford@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 104 IS 2 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 030SZ UT WOS:000236656200010 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, EP TI Changes in FaRP-like peptide levels during development of eggs from the plant-parasitic cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FMRFAMIDE-RELATED PEPTIDES; FREE-LIVING NEMATODE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ASCARIS-SUUM; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; KSAYMRFAMIDE PF3/AF8; GENE FAMILY; NEUROPEPTIDES; KHEYLRFAMIDE; PHARMACOLOGY AB The plant-parasitic cyst nematode Heterodera glycines requires a host plant to complete its life cycle, which involves hatching of infective juveniles that parasitize through root entry. A laboratory population of H. glycines grown on soybean, Glycine max, undergoes a sharp increase in maturity between 5 and 6 weeks in culture, as measured by the proportion of eggs containing well developed pre-hatch juveniles (late development eggs) versus eggs without visible juveniles (early development eggs). The median percent of eggs classified as late development, representing all samples taken from 4 to 7 weeks in culture, was 61%. For all samples taken up to 5 weeks, 80% scored below the median. In samples taken after 5 weeks, 15% scored below the median. This shift in population maturity was accompanied by a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the number of hatched juveniles present in each sample. There was also a significant increase (P < 0.02) in amount of FaRP-like peptide detected by specific ELISA. Total FaRP levels increased from 0.18 +/- 0.07 fMol FLRFamide equivalents per ng protein in early development eggs to 0.40 +/- 0.17 in late development eggs. The level remained high in hatched juveniles. HPLC/ELISA detected as many as nine potential FaRPs in H. glycines, two of which were specifically increased (P < 0.005) in hatched juveniles. The association of FaRPs with maturing eggs and the possible involvement of these neuropeptides with juvenile hatching and motility are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM maslere@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1079/JOH2005322 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 010YU UT WOS:000235234800009 PM 16469173 ER PT J AU Blenda, AV Wechter, WP Reighard, GL Baird, WV Abbott, AG AF Blenda, AV Wechter, WP Reighard, GL Baird, WV Abbott, AG TI Development and characterisation of diagnostic AFLP markers in Prunus persica for its response to peach tree short life syndrome SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANCE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MILDEW RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; PLANTS; QTLS AB Peach tree short life (PTSL) is a complex disease syndrome caused by multiple factors, the genetics of which is unknown. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) were used to identify diagnostic markers for PTSL syndrome in peach rootstocks. Forty-four AFLPs were identified as potential PTSL-response associated markers based on the combined results of BSA and screening 11 PTSL tolerant, two intermediately-susceptible and two highly-susceptible genotypes with 60 polymorphic EcoRI/MseI primer combinations. The use of primer combination EcoRI+AC/MseI+CCC in conjunction with BSA, resulted in the identification of a single amplification product in the bulk DNA from ten susceptible trees that died from PTSL. This AFLP fragment was also detected in the intermediately-susceptible rootstock 'Lovell', the highly-susceptible rootstock 'Nemared', and in the highly-susceptible rootstock 'Nemaguard'. This 96 bp AFLP fragment was absent in the DNA bulked from ten tolerant trees and in the PTSL-tolerant parents used in four controlled crosses that segregated for their response to PTSL. Testing this AFLP primer pair on an additional 111 trees that died or survived on a severe PTSL site, revealed the presence of the diagnostic fragment in 18 trees, of which 17 were 'Lovell'. Death due to PTSL syndrome was observed in 61% of those trees with the AFLP fragment, which was significantly higher (P <= 0.05) compared to those that did not have the fragment (17%). Furthermore, the PTSL symptom ratings were significantly higher, and cumulative tree-life was significantly shorter, (P <= 0.05) for 'Lovell' when compared with 93 genotypes that lacked the AFLP fragment. These results suggest an association of this AFLP marker, called EAC/MCCC1-96, with PTSL-susceptibility. An additional 43 marker candidates, diagnostic for the PTSL-response were also selected. C1 Clemson Univ, Poole Agr Ctr, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Blenda, AV (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Poole Agr Ctr, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM blenda@clemson.edu RI Baird, William/I-6442-2012 OI Baird, William/0000-0003-2395-3077 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 81 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 029OQ UT WOS:000236573400018 ER PT J AU Relling, DP Esberg, LB Fang, CX Johnson, WT Murphy, EJ Carlson, EC Saari, JT Ren, J AF Relling, DP Esberg, LB Fang, CX Johnson, WT Murphy, EJ Carlson, EC Saari, JT Ren, J TI High-fat diet-induced juvenile obesity leads to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and upregulation of Foxo3a transcription factor independent of lipotoxicity and apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE contraction; Foxo3a; high fat; intracellular Ca2+; mitochondrial aconitase; ventricular myocytes ID CARDIAC CONTRACTILE RESPONSE; LEPTIN RESISTANCE; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; HEART-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT HEARTS; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN AB Background Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, which leads to elevated triglyceride and ceramide levels, apoptosis and compromised cardiac function. Methods To determine the role of high-fat diet-induced obesity on cardiomyocyte function, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets incorporating 10% of kcal or 45% of kcal from fat. Mechanical function of ventricular myocytes was evaluated including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TIPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90) and maximal velocity of shortening and relengthening (+/- dl/dt). Intracellular Ca2+ properties were assessed using fluorescent microscopy. Results High-fat diet induced hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant obesity with depressed PS, +/- dl/dt, prolonged TPS/TR90 reduced intracellular Ca2+ release and Ca2+ clearing rate in the absence of hypertension, diabetes, lipotoxicity and apoptosis. Myocyte responsiveness to increased stimulus frequency and extracellular Ca2+ was compromised. SERCA2a and phospholamban levels were increased, whereas phosphorylated phospholamban and potassium channel (Kv(1,2)) were reduced in high-fat diet group. High-fat diet upregulated the forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a, and suppressed mitochondrial aconitase activity without affecting expression of the caloric sensitive gene silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), protein nitrotyrosine formation, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, triglycerides and ceramide were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Collectively, our data show that high-fat diet-induced obesity resulted in impaired cardiomyocyte function, upregulated Foxo3a transcription factor and mitochondrial damage without overt lipotoxicity or apoptosis. C1 Univ Wyoming, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ Wyoming, Ctr Cardiovasc Res & Alternat Med, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jren@uwyo.edu NR 55 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 549 EP 561 DI 10.1097/01.hjh.0000203846.34314.94 PG 13 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 024LB UT WOS:000236195400021 PM 16467659 ER PT J AU Sirot, LK Lapointe, SL Shatters, R Bausher, M AF Sirot, LK Lapointe, SL Shatters, R Bausher, M TI Transfer and fate of seminal fluid molecules in the beetle, Diaprepes abbreviatus: Implications for the reproductive biology of a pest species SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; seminal fluid molecules; ejaculate transfer; Coleoptera ID MALE ACCESSORY-GLAND; MOTH UTETHEISA-ORNATRIX; MALE MEALWORM BEETLE; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; DROSOPHILA MALE; PROTEINS; FEMALE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SPERMATOPHORE AB Molecules transferred from males to females via seminal fluids are important to the study of insect reproduction because they affect female physiology, reproductive behavior, and longevity. These molecules (seminal fluid molecules or SFMs) interest applied entomologists because of their potential use in insect control. SFMs are also interesting because of their relatively rapid evolution and important role in post-mating sexual selection. We studied SFMs in Diaprepes abbreviatus, a major pest of numerous plant species of economic importance. Using radiolabeled-methionine (S-35), we found that D. abbreviatus males synthesized proteins de novo in their reproductive tissues after mating. Males that were fed radiolabeled methionine transferred radioactivity to females beginning within the first 10 min of mating. Male-derived substances are absorbed from the female's reproductive tract into the hemolymph and circulated throughout the body, but are found primarily in the eggs and ovaries. As a result, SFMs, may be a useful means of both horizontal (to mates) and vertical transfer (to offspring) of control agents between conspecifics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Sirot, LK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, 421 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Ls286@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.11.009 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 019HA UT WOS:000235825000009 PM 16405989 ER PT J AU Joost, PH Backus, EA Morgan, D Yan, FM AF Joost, PH Backus, EA Morgan, D Yan, FM TI Correlation of stylet activities by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), with electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; electronic monitoring of insect feeding; probing; stylet penetration ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY; HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; FINE-STRUCTURE; SALIVATION; HEMIPTERA; APHIDS AB Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is an efficient vector of Xylella fastidiosa (X integral), the causal bacterium of Pierce's disease, and leaf scorch in almond and oleander. Acquisition and inoculation of X integral occur sometime during the process of stylet penetration into the plant. That process is most rigorously studied via electrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring of insect feeding. This study provides part of the crucial biological meanings that define the waveforms of each new insect species recorded by EPG. By synchronizing AC EPG waveforms with high-magnification video of H. coagulata stylet penetration in artifical diet, we correlated stylet activities with three previously described EPG pathway waveforms, A1, B1 and B2, as well as one ingestion waveform, C. Waveform A1 occured at the beginning of stylet penetration. This waveform was correlated with salivary sheath trunk formation, repetitive stylet movements involving retraction of both maxillary stylets and one mandibular stylet, extension of the stylet fascicle, and the fluttering-like movements of the maxillary stylet tips. Waveform B1 was ubitquious, interspersed throughout the other waveforms. B1 sub-type B1w was correlated with salivation followed by maxillary tip fluttering. This tip fluttering also occurred before and during B1 sub-type B1s, but was not directly correlated with either the occurrence or frequency of this waveform. Waveform B2 was correlated with sawing-like maxillary stylet movements, which usually occurred during salivary sheath branching. Waveform C was correlated with ingestion. Fluid outflow was also observed as a mechanism to clear the maxillary tips from debris during waveform C. This detailed understanding of stylet penetration behaviors of H. coagulata is an important step toward identifying the instant of bacterial inoculation which, in turn, will be applied to studies of disease epidemiology and development of host plant resistance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Mt Rubidoux Field Stn, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM ebackus@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 52 IS 3 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.11.012 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 019HA UT WOS:000235825000012 PM 16427072 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Neven, LG AF Lacey, LA Neven, LG TI The potential of the fungus, Muscodor albus, as a microbial control agent of potato tuber moth (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) in stored potatoes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Muscodor albus; Phthorimaea operculella; potato tuber moth; biofumigant; microbial control ID SP-NOV.; ENDOPHYTE; DISEASES; ROSEUS AB Potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, is a serious pest of stored potato in most countries where potatoes are grown. Entomopathogens offer promise as alternatives to broad spectrum insecticides for management of this pest. The fungus Muscodor albus, which produces a mixture of antimicrobial volatile organic chemicals, was tested for its insecticidal activity against PTM. Adults and neonate larvae were exposed to volatiles generated by 15 or 30 g of M. albus rye grain culture plus water for 72 h in hermetically sealed 28.3 L chambers at 24 C. Mean percent mortalities in adult moths exposed to 0, 15, and 30 g of fungal formulation were 0.9, 84.6, and 90.6%, respectively. Development to the pupal stage of PTM that were exposed as neonate larvae to 15 or 30 of M. albus culture was reduced by 61.8 and 72.8%, respectively, relative to controls. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 91 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.01.002 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 024SY UT WOS:000236217700007 PM 16494898 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strand, RJ AF Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strand, RJ TI Salt River Project canal automation pilot project: Simulation tests SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE canals; open channel flow; flow control; feedback control; automation; Arizona ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; CONTROLLERS AB The feasibility of automatically controlling water levels and deliveries on the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system through computer-based algorithms is being investigated. The proposed control system automates and enhances functions already performed by SRP operators, namely feedforward routing of scheduled demand changes, feedback control of downstream water levels. and flow control at check structures. Performance of the control system was tested with unsteady flow simulation. Test scenarios were defined by the operators for a 30 km, four-pool canal reach. The tests considered the effect of imperfect knowledge of check gate head-discharge relationships. The combined feedback-feedforward controller easily kept water level deviations close to the target when dealing with routine, scheduled flow changes. Those same routine chances, when unscheduled, were handled effectively by the feedback controller alone. The combined system had greater difficulty in dealing with large demand changes, especially if unscheduled. Because feedback flow changes are computed independently of feedforward changes, the feedback controller tends to counteract feedforward control actions. The effect is unimportant when dealing with routine flow changes but is more significant when dealing with large chances, especially in cases where the demand change cannot be fully anticipated. C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM ebautista@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov; rstrand@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 132 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:2(143) PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 025JK UT WOS:000236261600008 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL AF Allan, SA Bernier, UR Kline, DL TI Laboratory evaluation of avian odors for mosquito (Diptera : culicidae) attraction SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host attraction; birds; Culex; carbon dioxide ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; L-LACTIC ACID; VIRUS-INFECTION RATES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSMISSION RATES; FEMALE MOSQUITOS; HOST PREFERENCE; CULEX TARSALIS; PREEN OIL; 1-OCTEN-3-OL AB Attraction of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Aedes aegypti (L.) to avian and other host odors was investigated in a dual-port olfactometer. Although attraction to a human arm was high for Ae. aegypti (> 80%) and low for all Culex spp. (< 25%), all species responded similarly to a chicken (55.3-73.6%). Responses of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus to feathers were low (< 20%) but greater than to controls. There was no difference in attraction of Cx. tarsalis to feathers or controls. Responses to CO2 (5 ml/min) were low for all species (< 15%) except Cx. tarsalis, which were moderate (24.5%). When feathers were combined with CO2 the resulting attraction was additive or lower than responses to feather and CO2 alone for all species except for Cx. tarsalis, which had responses that were three-fold greater than expected if responses were additive. The CO2-feather treatments were less attractive than a chicken for all species. When olfactometer assays were extended from 3 to 20 min, responses by Ae. aegypti significantly increased to a chicken and CO2 and attraction of Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly greater to chickens, CO2, and feathers. None of the volatile compounds previously identified from feathers or uropygial glands tested were attractive. Both feather-rubbed cotton balls and hexane extracts of feathers were attractive and as attractive as feathers; however, ether extracts were not attractive. Feathers clearly contribute to the attraction of host-seeking Culex spp., and future studies will focus on identification of the attractant compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Agr Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Agr Entomol, 1600-1700,23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 26 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0225:LEOAOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 024GX UT WOS:000236184600014 PM 16619603 ER PT J AU De Leon, AAP Tabachnick, WJ AF De Leon, AAP Tabachnick, WJ TI Transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus to cattle by the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides; vector competence; vesicular stomatitis; cattle ID SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS; INFECTION; SEROTYPE; SWINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARBOVIRUSES; COLORADO; MICE; PIGS AB Laboratory-reared Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus serotype New Jersey (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) through intrathoracic inoculation. After 10-d incubation at 25 degrees C, these insects were allowed to blood feed on four steers. Two other steers were exposed to VSNJV through intralingual inoculation with 108 tissue culture infective dose(50) VSNJV. All six steers became seropositive for VSNJV. The results demonstrate the ability of C. sonorensis to transmit VSNJV to livestock. Only the animals intralingually inoculated with VSNJV showed clinical signs in the form of vesicles at the site of inoculation. Uninfected C. sonorensis allowed to feed on the exposed animals did Hot become infected with VSNJV. Animals infected by C. sonorensis showed a slower antibody response compared with intralingually inoculated animals. This is probably because of different amounts of virus received via insect transmission and syringe inoculation. A significant difference was found in the serum acute-phase protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in animals that received VSNJV through C. sonorensis transmission. These animals had previously been exposed to insect attack in the field compared with intralingually inoculated animals and C. sonorensis-infected animals that had been protected from insect attack. The failure to observe clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis through transmission of VSNJV by C. sonorensis may explain widespread subclinical infections during vesicular stomatitis epidemics. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Dept Entomol & Nematol, IFAS, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. SCYNEXIS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Dept Entomol & Nematol, IFAS, 2009th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. EM wjt@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 024GX UT WOS:000236184600029 ER PT J AU Jayasinghe, L Abbas, HK Jacob, MR Herath, WHMW Nanayakkara, NPD AF Jayasinghe, L Abbas, HK Jacob, MR Herath, WHMW Nanayakkara, NPD TI N-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridinone analogues from Fusarium oxysporum SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL METABOLITE; WORTMANNIN; PURIFICATION; BIOASSAY; PRODUCTS; N17B AB Three new N-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridinone analogues, 6-epi-oxysporidinone (3), the dimethyl ketal of oxysporidinone (4), and N-demethylsambutoxin (5), along with the known compounds (-)-oxysporidinone (1), (-)-sambutoxin (2), wortmannin (6), enniatin A (7), enniatin A1 (8), and enniatin B1 (9) were isolated from Fusarium oxyshorum (N17B) by bioassay-guided fractionation. Compounds 1 and 3 showed selective fungistatic activity against Aspergillus,fumigatus, and wortmannin had selective potent activity against Candida albicans. Moderate activity was observed with the enniatins 7-9 against C. albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Compounds 1-5 had no activity against the agriculturally important fungi Fusarium verticillioides (syn. F. moniliforme) and Aspergillus flavus. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Nanayakkara, NPD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. EM dhammika@olemiss.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI061431-01, R21 AI061431] NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1021/np050487v PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 028OK UT WOS:000236497400032 PM 16562855 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KB Shapiro-Ilan, DI Fuxa, JR Wood, BW Bertolotti, MA Adams, BJ AF Nguyen, Khuong B. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Fuxa, James R. Wood, Bruce W. Bertolotti, Maria A. Adams, Byron J. TI Taxonomic and biological characterization of Steinernema rarum found in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA; entomopathogenic nematodes; host range; ITS; morphology; reproduction; Steinernema rarum; taxonomy ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BEETLE LARVAE; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; RHABDITIDA; SEQUENCES; HETERORHABDITIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; VIRULENCE AB Two Steinernema isolates found in Louisiana and Mississippi were later identified as isolates of S. rarum. DNA sequences of ITS regions of the United States isolates are identical with sequences of Argentinean S. rarum strains Samiento and Noetinger and differ by two bases from the Arroyo Cabral isolate from Cordoba, Argentina. SEM observations revealed several new structures in the isolates from the US: female face views have a hexagonal-star perioral disc and eye-shaped lips; some females do not have cephalic papillae; lateral fields of infective juveniles are variable; there are two openings observed close to the posterior edge of the cloaca. Virulence of the US isolates to Anthonomus grandis; Diaprepes abbreviatus, Solenopsis invicta, Coptotermes formosanus, Agrotis ipsilon, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Trichoplusia ni and reproductive potential were evaluated in comparison with other heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes. Results such as particularly high virulence to S. frugiperda indicate that the biocontrol potential of the new S. rarum strains merits further study. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Nematol Lab, Ctr Zool Aplicada, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Nguyen, KB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kbn@ufl.edu RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 28 EP 40 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 080UE UT WOS:000240273200005 PM 19259427 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Pierson, PE Martin, SKS Sellers, PR Noel, GR MacGuidwin, AE Faghihi, J Ferris, VR Grau, CR Jardine, DJ Melakeberhan, H Niblack, TL Stienstra, WC Tylka, GL Wheeler, TA Wysong, DS AF Donald, P. A. Pierson, P. E. Martin, S. K. St. Sellers, P. R. Noel, G. R. MacGuidwin, A. E. Faghihi, J. Ferris, V. R. Grau, C. R. Jardine, D. J. Melakeberhan, H. Niblack, T. L. Stienstra, W. C. Tylka, G. L. Wheeler, T. A. Wysong, D. S. TI Assessing Heterodera glycines-resistant and susceptible cultivar yield response SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crop loss; crop rotation; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; management; resistance; soybean; soybean cyst nematode; yield; soil type ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; POPULATION DEVELOPMENT; OHIO AB The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines (SCN) is of major economic importance and widely distributed throughout soybean production regions of the United States where different maturity groups with the same sources of SCN resistance are grown. The objective of this study was to assess SCN-resistant and -susceptible soybean yield responses in infested soils across the north-central region. In 1994 and 1995, eight SCN-resistant and eight SCN-susceptible public soybean cultivars representing maturity groups (MG) I to IV were planted in 63 fields, either infested or noninfested, in 10 states in the north-central United States. Soil samples were taken to determine initial SCN population density and race, and soil classification. Data were grouped for analysis by adaptation based on MG zones. Soybean yields were 658 to 3,840 kg/ha across the sites. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant cultivars yielded better at SCN-infested sites but lost this superiority to susceptible soybean cultivars at noninfested sites. Interactions were observed among initial SCN population density, cultivar, and location. This study showed that no region-wide predictive equations could be developed for yield loss based on initial nematode populations in the soil and that yield loss due to SCN in our region was greatly confounded by other stress factors, which included temperature and moisture extremes. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Microbiol & Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Donald, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM pdonald@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 080UE UT WOS:000240273200011 PM 19259433 ER PT J AU Timper, P Davis, RF Tillman, PG AF Timper, Patricia Davis, Richard F. Tillman, P. Glynn TI Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita on winter cover crops used in cotton production SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; management; Meloidogyne incognita; southern root-knot nematode; winter cover crop ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; VETCH; POPULATIONS; TRIFOLIUM; REGISTRATION; SUITABILITY; CULTIVARS AB Substantial reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita on winter cover crops may lead to damaging populations in a subsequent cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop. The amount of population increase during the winter depends on soil temperature and the host status of the cover crop. Our objectives were to quantify M. incognita race 3 reproduction on rye (Secale cereale) and several leguminous cover crops and to determine if these cover crops increase population densities of M. incognita and subsequent damage to cotton. The cover crops tested were 'Bigbee' berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), 'Paradana' balansa clover (T. balansae), 'AU Sunrise' and 'Dixie' crimson clover (T. incarnation), 'Cherokee' red clover (T. pratense), common and 'AU Early Cover' hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), 'Cahaba White' vetch (V saliva), and 'Wrens Abruzzi' rye. In the greenhouse tests, egg production was greatest on berseem clover, Dixie crimson clover, AU Early Cover hairy vetch, and common hairy vetch; intermediate on Balansa clover and AU Sunrise crimson clover; and least on rye, Cahaba White vetch, and Cherokee red clover. In both 2002 and 2003 field tests, enough heat units were accumulated between 1 January and 20 May for the nematode to complete two generations. Both AU Early Cover and common hairy vetch led to greater root galling than fallow in the subsequent cotton crop; they also supported high reproduction of M. incognita in the greenhouse. Rye and Cahaba White vetch did not increase root galling on cotton and were relatively poor hosts for M. incognita. Only those legumes that increased populations of M. incognita reduced cotton yield. In the southern US, M. incognita can complete one to two generations on a susceptible winter cover crop, so cover crops that support high nematode reproduction may lead to damage and yield losses in the following cotton crop. Planting rye or Meloidogyne-resistant legumes as winter cover crops will lower the risk of increased nematode populations compared to most vetches and clovers. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ptimper@tifton.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 080UE UT WOS:000240273200012 PM 19259434 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Stuart, RJ Mccoy, CW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Stuart, Robin J. McCoy, Clayton W. TI A comparison of entomopathogenic nematode longevity in soil under laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic; Heterorhabditis; longevity; nematode; persistence; soil; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; HETERORHABDITID NEMATODES; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; DESICCATION SURVIVAL; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; INFECTED HOSTS; FIELD EFFICACY; PERSISTENCE; CURCULIONIDAE AB We compared the longevity of 29 strains representing 11 entomopathogenic nematode species in soil over 42 to 56 d. A series of five laboratory experiments were conducted with six to eight nematode strains in each and one or more nematode strains in common, so that qualitative comparisons could be made across experiments. Nematodes included Heterorhabditis bacteriophara (four strains), H. indica (Hom1), H. marelatus (Point Reyes), H. megidis (UK211), H. mexicana (MX4), Steinernema carpocapsae (eight strains), S. diaprepesi, S. feltiae (SN), S. glaserz (NJ43), S. rarum (17C&E), and S. riobrave (nine strains). Substantial within-species variation in longevity was observed in S. carpocapsae, with the Sal strain exhibiting the greatest survival. The Sal strain was used as a standard in all inter-species comparisons. In contrast, little intra-species variation was observed in S. riobrave. Overall, we estimated S. carpocapsae (Sal) and S. diaprepesi to have the highest survival capability. A second level of longevity was observed in H. bacteriophora (Lewiston), H. megidis, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave (3-3 and 355). Lower levels of survivability were observed in other H. bacteriophora strains (Hb, HP88, and Oswego), as well as S. glaseri and S. rarum. Relative to S. glaserz and S. rarum, a lower tier of longevity was observed in H. indica and H. marelatus, and in H. mexicana, respectively. Although nematode persistence can vary under differing soil biotic and abiotic conditions, baseline data on longevity such as those reported herein may be helpful when choosing the best match for a particular target pest. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM dshapiro@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 080UE UT WOS:000240273200015 PM 19259437 ER PT J AU Rica, E Lacey, LA Guerra, N Headrick, HL AF Rica, E. Lacey, L. A. Guerra, N. Headrick, H. L. TI Control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, using entomopathogenic nematodes in laboratory and fruit bin assays SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; cardboard strips; fruit bins; Grapholita molesta; entomopathogenic nematodes; Heterorhabditis marelatus; oriental fruit moth; Steinernema carpocapsae; S. feltiae; S. riobrave; wetting agent ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; TORTRICIDAE; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; CARBAMATE AB The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), which is among the most important insect pests of peaches and nectarines, has developed resistance to a wide range of insecticides. We investigated the ability of the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), S. feltiae (Filipjev), S. riobrave (Cabanillas et al.), and Heterorhabditis marelatus (Liu and Berry) to control OFM under laboratory and fruit bin conditions. At a dosage of 10 infective juveniles (IJ)/cm(2) in the laboratory, S. carpocapsae caused 63%, S. feltiae 87.8%, S. riobrave 75.6%, and H. marelatus 67.1% OFM mortality. All four nematode species caused significant OFM larval mortality in comparison to the non treated controls. Steinernema feltiae was used for the bin assays due to the higher OFM mortality it caused than the other tested EPN species and to its ability to find OFM under cryptic environments. Diapausing cocooned OFM larvae in miniature fruit bins were susceptible to IJ of S. feltiae in infested corner supports and cardboard strips. Treatment of bins with suspensions of 10 or 25 S. feltiae IJ/ml water with wetting agent (Silwet L77) resulted in 33.3 to 59% and 77.7 to 81.6% OFM mortality in corner supports and cardboard strips, respectively. This paper presents new information on the use of EPN, specifically S. feltiae, as nonchemical means of OFM control. C1 Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Rica, E (reprint author), Washington State Univ, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 080UE UT WOS:000240273200021 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Weismayer, C Akesson, A Tucker, KL Wolk, A AF Newby, PK Weismayer, C Akesson, A Tucker, KL Wolk, A TI Long-term stability of food patterns identified by use of factor analysis among Swedish women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary patterns; reproducibility; stability; exploratory factor analysis; confirmatory factor analysis ID MAJOR DIETARY PATTERNS; BODY-MASS INDEX; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS AB Limited data exist on the reproducibility of food patterns measured by factor analysis as well as on the use of stability of patterns over time. Our primary objective was to explore the long-term stability of food patterns derived by confirmatory factor analysis among 33,840 women participating in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Our secondary objective was to compare factor solutions from confirmatory factor analysis with those derived by use of exploratory factor analysis. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire in 1987 and 1997, and food patterns were derived by the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We observed four major food patterns (Healthy, Western/Swedish, Alcohol, and Sweets) at both time points. Correlations between confirmed food patterns in 1987 and 1997 were 0.37 for the Healthy pattern, 0.27 for the Western/Swedish pattern, 0.54 for the Alcohol pattern, and 0.44 for the Sweets pattern (P < 0.0001 for all associations). Patterns derived by the use of exploratory factor analysis were strongly associated with those derived by the use of confirmatory factor analysis (r >= 0.90, P < 0.0001, for all associations). The patterns derived in this study were similar to those derived in other studies, indicating reproducibility of food patterns across populations. Our study suggests that food patterns measured by the use of confirmatory factor analysis are reproducible over time, and weaker correlations observed may reflect natural changes in eating behavior, the food supply, and/or perceptions of what is considered healthy. Testing whether patterns measured over a long time period can be used in analytic studies is the next step in assessing the validity of this method. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM pknewby@post.harvard.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 41 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 136 IS 3 BP 626 EP 633 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 015MO UT WOS:000235555700012 PM 16484535 ER PT J AU Kim, JD Liu, LP Guo, WM Meydani, M AF Kim, JD Liu, LP Guo, WM Meydani, M TI Chemical structure of flavonols in relation to modulation of angiogenesis and immune-endothelial cell adhesion SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flavonols; hydroxyl moiety; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; angiogenesis; cell adhesion ID RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; QUERCETIN; INHIBITION; KAEMPFEROL; MYRICETIN; GALANGIN; METABOLISM AB The antioxidant activity of flavonoids has been suggested to contribute to several health benefits associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Four flavonols - myricetin (M), quercetin (Q), kaempferol (K) and galangin (G), all with different numbers of hydroxyl moieties (-OH) - were examined for their antioxidant activity and cylotoxicity oil human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and for their potential antiangiogenic and cell adhesion effects. The relative antioxidant capacity of these flavonols in cell Culture medium (cell-free system) and their intracellular antioxidant activity were M=Q > K=G, which correlated respectively with the presence of 3, 2, 1 and 0 moieties of -OH on their B-ring. The higher the numbers of -OH moieties on the B-ring the less toxic the flavonol was to HUVEC, and the LD50 was determined as: M (100 mu M)> Q (50 mu M)> K (20 mu M)> G (10 mu M). These flavonols at approximate to 0.5 LD50 doses suppressed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated HUVEC tubular structure formation by: M (47%)> Q (37%)> K (15%)> G (14%), which was not linearly associated with their numbers of -OH moieties. However, the magnitude of flavonols' suppression of activated U937 monocytic cells adhesion to HUVEC was associated with the number of -OH moieties oil the B-ring. This was prominent when U937 cells were pretreated with these flavonols. In contrast, the numbers of -OH moiety had no apparent influence on the adhesion or expression of adhesion molecules when activated HUVECs were pretreated with these flavonols. The presence of different numbers of -OH moieties on the B-ring of the flavonols may contribute to their antioxidant activity as well as their toxicity and may play an important role in their potency for biological action such as angiogenesis and immune-endothelial cell adhesion, which, respectively, are important processes in the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yosu Natl Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Cheonnam 550260, South Korea. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009; Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154; NR 59 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.06.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 020SS UT WOS:000235931300003 PM 16169200 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Martin, A AF Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Martin, A TI Mediterranean vegetable soup consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F-2-isoprostanes, prostaglandin E-2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in healthy humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable soup; vitamin C; bioavailability; F-2-isoprostanes; uric acid; cytokines; inflammatory markers ID SERUM URIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PRODUCTS; WOMEN; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes including heart disease and stroke. In this work, the bioavailability of vitamin C from a Mediterranean vegetable soup (gazpacho) constituted mainly of tomato, pepper and cucumber, and its influence on plasma vitamin C, 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8-epi-PGF(2 alpha)), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and the cytokines/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6 concentrations in a healthy human population were assessed. Six men and six women consumed 500 ml of commercial gazpacho per day for 14 days, corresponding to an intake of 78 mg of ascorbic acid per day. There were no differences (P=.22) in baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations between the men and women. The maximum increase (P <.05) in plasma vitamin C occurred 4 h postdose in both men and women. Vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher (P <.03) on Days 7 and 14 of the intervention. Baseline concentrations of uric acid and 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) were significantly higher (P <=.032) in men than in women. Baseline concentrations of 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) decreased significantly (P <=.05) by Day 14 of the intervention. A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin C and 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) (r=-.415, P=.049). Baseline concentrations of PGF(2) and MCP-1 were significantly higher (P <=.025) in men than in women but decreased significantly (P <=.05) by Day 14 of the intervention. No effect on TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 was observed at Day 14 of the intervention. Drinking gazpacho (500 ml/day) significantly increases plasma concentrations of vitamin C and significantly decreases 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha), PGE(2) and MCP-1 concentrations in healthy humans. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Clin Puerta de Hierro, Sect Nutr, Unit Vitamins, Madrid 28035, Spain. RP Sanchez-Moreno, C (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, C Jose Antonio Novais 10,Ciudad Univ, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM csanchezm@if.csic.es RI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/D-1337-2012; Granado, Fernando/D-1048-2011; De Ancos, Begona/H-5744-2012; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/0000-0002-4913-5171; Granado, Fernando/0000-0002-5561-7564; De Ancos, Begona/0000-0002-8890-7525; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 51 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.07.001 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 020SS UT WOS:000235931300005 PM 16169205 ER PT J AU Shimada, K Schumacher, BA Parkin, JA Palermo, JM AF Shimada, K Schumacher, BA Parkin, JA Palermo, JM TI Fossil marine vertebrates from the lowermost Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous : Middle Cenomanian) in southeastern Colorado SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID KANSAS UNITED-STATES; LAMNIFORM SHARKS CHONDRICHTHYES; PORTHEUS-MOLOSSUS COPE; LAC-DES-BOIS; NORTH-AMERICA; CRETOXYRHINA-MANTELLI; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; NIOBRARA CHALK; POLYCOTYLID PLESIOSAUR; GENUS SQUALICORAX AB Fossiliferous deposits of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) are found on the Comanche National Grassland in southeastern Colorado. The lowest portion of the Greenhorn Limestone. the base of the Lincoln Limestone Member. contains calcarenite beds rich in disarticulated remains of marine vertebrates. We examined the composition of the vertebrate paleofauna from one particular location (Tobe locality) through surface collecting and acid solution of rocks. The paleofauna is taxonomically diverse. consisting of 22 chondrichthyans, at least 15 osteichthyan fishes, and six aquatic reptiles. Molluscan taxa indicate that the basal Lincoln Limestone in southeastern Colorado was deposited sometime between middle Middle Cenomanian (ca. 95 Ma) and late Middle Cenomanian (ca. 94.7 Ma), and the composition of the vertebrate fauna (primarily chondrichthyan taxa) agrees with this interpretation. The Tobe locality was situated far from the shorelines of the Western Interior Seaway, with relatively high-energy waves impinging upon the seafloor. concentrating biogenic remains. Fossil remains within the calcarenite appear to have undergone minor time-averaing. based upon erosional rounding and breakage present in numerous specimens. Nevertheless, the deposit contains one of the best representative Middle Cenomanian vertebrate communities so far described from the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Considering that the paleofauna consists of taxa diverse in size, morphology, and inferred ecology, the trophic structure of the paleocommunity was probably complex. C1 De Paul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. De Paul Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Sternberg Museum, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, La Junta, CO 81050 USA. RP Shimada, K (reprint author), De Paul Univ, Environm Sci Program, 2325 N Clifton Ave, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM kshimada@depaul.edu; baschumacher@fs.fed.us NR 447 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 SU S BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[1:FMVFTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 45 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 018BU UT WOS:000235738700001 ER PT J AU Duann, P Datta, PK Pan, C Blumberg, JB Sharma, M Lianos, EA AF Duann, P Datta, PK Pan, C Blumberg, JB Sharma, M Lianos, EA TI Superoxide dismutase mimetic preserves the glomerular capillary permeability barrier to protein SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED RAT GLOMERULI; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; MESANGIAL CELLS; NEPHROTOXIC NEPHRITIS; ALBUMIN PERMEABILITY; OXIDANT STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AB Overproduction of superoxide (O-2(.-)) occurs in glomerular disease and may overwhelm the capacity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), thereby intensifying oxidant injury by O-2(.-) and related radical species that disrupt the glomerular capillary permeability barrier to protein. We examined the efficacy of the SOD mimetic tempol in preserving glomerular permeability to protein using 1) a rat model of glomerular immune injury induced by an antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM), and 2) isolated rat glomeruli in which injury was induced by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). To induce glomerular immune injury, rats received anti-GBM using a protocol that results in prominent infiltration of glomeruli by macrophages and in which macrophage-derived TNF alpha has been shown to mediate albuminuria. To increase glomerular capillary permeability to albumin (P-alb) ex vivo, isolated glomeruli were incubated with TNF alpha at concentrations (0.5 - 4.0 mu g/ml) known to stimulate O-2(.-) production. Increments in P-alb were detected by measuring changes in glomerular volume in response to an applied oncotic gradient. Significant increases in the urine excretion of albumin and F-2 alpha-isoprostane were observed in rats with glomerular immune injury without a significant change in systolic blood pressure. Tempol treatment significantly reduced urine isoprostane and albumin excretion. In isolated glomeruli, TNF alpha increased P-alb and tempol abrogated this effect, both in a dose-dependent manner. These observations indicate that SOD mimetics can preserve the glomerular permeability barrier to protein under conditions of oxidative stress from O-2(.-) production. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Temple Univ, Ctr Neurovirol & Canc Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Nephrol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Pediat Nephrol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United States Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lianos, EA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, POB 19,MEB 412, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM lianosea@umdnj.edu OI Datta, Prasun/0000-0001-5133-253X NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 316 IS 3 BP 1249 EP 1254 DI 10.1124/jpet.105.092957 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 014JM UT WOS:000235476000034 PM 16303918 ER PT J AU Lucena, JJ Chaney, RL AF Lucena, JJ Chaney, RL TI Synthetic iron chelates as substrates of root ferric chelate reductase in green stressed cucumber plants SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron; chelate; chlorosis; reductase; Cucumis sativus ID PHENOLIC LIGANDS; CHLOROSIS; ACID; EDDHA AB This work studied the behavior of different iron (Fe)-chelates as substrates of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) and their ability as Fe suppliers for mildly chlorotic plants. FCR activity and Fe concentration in xylem sap were determined in green stressed cucumber plants with different stress levels using different synthetic chelates as substrates. Both reduction and Fe concentration in the xylem sap were higher for the less-stable Fe chelates, except for Fe-EDTA, which presented a relatively low Fe concentration in sap. It was concluded that a high stability of the chelate in the nutrient solution reduces the Fe reduction, but other factors, such as the complexation of the Fe(II) by the chelating agents, should be considered when the complete process of Fe uptake is studied. The use of both indexes together, i.e., FCR determination and xylem sap concentration, is useful for understanding the Fe uptake from different Fe chelates. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Secc Quim Agr, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lucena, JJ (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Secc Quim Agr, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM lucena@uam.es RI Lucena, Juan J/L-3513-2013 OI Lucena, Juan J/0000-0001-9130-2909 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 423 EP 439 DI 10.1080/01904160500524852 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 020ZQ UT WOS:000235952400002 ER PT J AU Evans, KM Riedell, WE AF Evans, KM Riedell, WE TI Responses of spring wheat cultivars to nutrient solutions containing additional potassium chloride SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hard red spring wheat; chloride fertilization; cultivar response ID ROOT-ROT; DISEASE; YIELD; SOIL AB Hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars each respond differently to chloride fertilizer under field conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate cultivar-specific chloride responses under controlled environments. Plants were grown in sand culture additional chloride (20 mM KCl) nutrient solutions for four weeks. Of cultivars given additional chloride, 'Butte, 'Sharp, 'Ingot, 'Oxen, 'Forge, and 'Ember had significantly greater shoot chloride uptake than 'Marshall. In soil-grown plants given 0, 20, 80, or 160 mM KCl from planting to heading, seed number remained constant, while individual seed weight and total yield decreased at higher KCl treatment levels in 'Butte. Individual seed weight remained constant, while seed number and total yield increased in 'Marshall. It was concluded that chloride fertilizer response in 'Marshall under field conditions may have been mediated by reduced chloride uptake, which in turn resulted in decreased chloride toxicity at higher-chloride soil fertility levels. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wriedell@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1080/01904160500525123 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 020ZQ UT WOS:000235952400007 ER PT J AU Raese, JT Drake, SR AF Raese, JT Drake, SR TI Calcium foliar sprays for control of alfalfa greening, Cork spot, and hard end in 'Anjou' pears SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium sprays; pear fruit disorders; fruit quality AB New calcium (Ca) spray materials were made available to test for their possible improvement over the often-used dry form of calcium chloride products. Four orchards of mature 'Anjou pears ( Pyrus communis L.) were selected for the experiments. Three Ca materials were used at equal Ca rates, consisting of a dry Ca material derived from calcium chloride (Mora-leaf-Ca) with and without Sylgard; a liquid Ca material derived from CaCl2 (Cal-Plex-12); and a dry Ca material derived from calcium oxide (Mira-Cal) at different concentrations. In one orchard, Mira-Cal Ca at the double rate had the lowest incidence of cork spot and hard end with the highest concentration of cortex Ca and acceptable fruit finish, closely followed by the standard rate of Mora-Leaf-Ca. In a second orchard, Mora-Leaf-Ca plus Sylgard 309 had the lowest incidence of cork spot and alfalfa greening. In the third orchard, Mora-Leaf-Ca had the lowest incidence of cork spot and the highest concentration of fruit Ca in peel and cortex. In the fourth orchard, Cal-Plex-12 Ca produced nearly complete control of cork spot and the highest concentration of fruit Ca in peel and cortex. When comparing commercial spray-machine application of 935 L ha(-1) , control of cork spot and fruit Ca absorption was improved with six calcium applications versus only two spray applications. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM drake@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1080/01904160500526600 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 020ZQ UT WOS:000235952400011 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Bentz, J Sherald, JL AF Huang, Q Bentz, J Sherald, JL TI Fast, easy and efficient DNA extraction and one-step polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Xylella fastidiosa in potential insect vectors SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial leaf scorch; DNA extraction; insect vectors; PCR detection; Xylella fastidiosa ID SHARPSHOOTER LEAFHOPPERS; PIERCES-DISEASE; PLANT PATHOGEN; LEAF SCORCH AB A quick, simple and efficient procedure for detecting Xylella fastidiosa in potential insect vectors is described. The procedure employs a commercially available DNeasy tissue kit for the extraction of high-quality DNA from the insect, followed by one-step polymerase chain reaction amplification using previously published oligonucleotide primers specific to X fastidiosa. The procedure does not require the use of phenol, chloroform or alcohol for the precipitation of nucleic acids. Also it does not need additional purification or enrichment steps, and can be completed in less than a day. The procedure was used successfully in detecting X. fastidiosa in two potentially important leafhopper species, Graphocephala versuta and G. coccinea, and in a treehopper species Entilia concisa, collected from a nursery where bacterial leaf scorch disease caused by X. fastidiosa occurs. C1 ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Pk Serv, US Dept Interior, Ctr Urban Ecol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM huangq@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 029VG UT WOS:000236591900007 ER PT J AU Line, JE AF Line, JE TI Comparison of enrichment vessels for recovery of Campylobacter spp. from broiler rinse samples SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; CULTURE; MEDIA; FOODS; ASSAY; COLI AB The purpose of this study was to determine if the type of culture vessel used during incubation of an enrichment medium would affect recovery of Campylobacter spp. from processed broiler rinse samples. Freshly; processed broiler carcasses were rinsed, and the rinses were serially diluted. The diluted rinses were mixed with air equal volume of 2x Bolton enrichment broth (BEB; with or without blood) and placed in different container types for incubation and recovery of Campylobacter spp. BEB in. tissue culture flasks recovered Campylobacter front significantly more samples at higher dilutions than did BEB in resealable plastic bags (P < 0.05), which was likely because of the gas permeability of the bags and greater media surface area in the flasks. Blood-free BEB in vented tissue culture flasks was found to give air equivalent rate of Campylobacter recovery as BEB for this sample type. C1 ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Line, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM eline@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 14 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2006.00032.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 042NF UT WOS:000237534200003 ER PT J AU Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT AF Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT TI Lifetime reproduction of Flammulated Owls in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flammulated owl; otus flammeolus; lifetime reproductive success; LRS; reproductive strategy ID FOOD-HABITS; SUCCESS; POPULATION; AGE; DISPERSAL; RANGE; PERFORMANCE; DIMORPHISM; DEMOGRAPHY; SELECTION AB We investigated lifetime reproductive,e success (LRS) of 22 male and 46 female adult Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) in Colorado from 1981-2003. Sexual differences in LRS were at least partially attributable to incomplete breeding histories of females, due to females having a higher estimated emigration rate from the study area than males. The mean number of lifetime breeding attempts for males was 3.4 +/- 0.6 (SE range = 1-12), and for females it was 1.9 +/- 0.3 (range = 1-8). Adjusted emigration beyond the study area, the estimated mean number of lifetime breeding attempts was 3.6 for mates and 2.5 for fernales. The mean number Of lifetime successful breeding attempts (fledging at least one owlet) was similar to lifetime breeding attempts for each Sex, reflecting the fact that 84% (85 of 101) of all breeding attempts were Successful. Breeding lifespan was correlated with lifetime reproduction for both sexes. Males tended nests that produced 6.9 +/- 1.2 fledglings over 4.3 +/- 0.8 yr, while fernales produced 4.0 +/- 0.6 fledglings over 2.0 +/- 0.3 yr; adjusted for emigration beyond the study area, inales tended nests that Produced 7.2 fledglings over 4.5 yr, while females produced 5.2 fledglings over 2.6 yr. Relatively few individuals of each sex produced most of the offspring, as 18% of females and 24% of 1 males produced 50% of total owlets. Our finding that relatively few adults accounted for most. offspring appears to be associated with habitat quality in territories. Flammulated Owls tend to have it life-history strategy similar to larger raptors by having it relatively, low annual reproductive rate and a relatively long fifespan. C1 Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Linkhart, BD (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM blinkhart@coloradcollege.edu RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[29:LROFOI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047UU UT WOS:000237905000002 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Wright, SE AF Blackwell, BF Wright, SE TI Collisions of red-tailed hawks(Buteo jamaicensis), Turkey Vultures (Cathartic's aura), and black vultures (Coragyps atratus) with aircraft: Implications for bird strike reduction SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Black Vulture; Coragyps atratus; Red-tailed Hawk; Buteo jamaicensis; Turkey Vulture; Cathartes aura; airport; bird strike ID BUTEO-JAMAICENSIS; HOME RANGES; RANKING; RAPTOR C1 USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 23 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2006)40[76:CORHBJ]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 047UU UT WOS:000237905000009 ER PT J AU Yanosek, KA Foltz, RB Dooley, JH AF Yanosek, KA Foltz, RB Dooley, JH TI Performance assessment of wood strand erosion control materials among varying slopes, soil textures, and cover amounts SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE mitigation; runoff; soil erosion control; straw mulch; water quality AB Two blends of manufactured wood strands with different lengths were tested for effectiveness in controlling erosion. Wood strand blends were tested on two soils, two slopes, and at three coverage amounts. Laboratory rainfall simulations were conducted to evaluate runoff and sediment loss. Wood strands were effective in delaying runoff, reducing runoff volume, and reducing sediment loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the two wood strand blends with respect to runoff or sediment loss. In comparison to bare soil with no cover, sediment loss was reduced by at least 70 percent for all cover amounts tested and among each soil type, slope and flow event. In comparison to estimates of sediment loss reductions due to agricultural straw (Burroughs and King, 1989), wood strand materials were equally effective on coarse grained soils and superior to straw on fine grained soils. In contrast to agricultural straw, manufactured wood strands are inherently weed and pesticide free. Consequently, wood-based materials may be a more appropriate material for erosion mitigation, especially in areas where introduction of non-native species is of great concern. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. Forest Concepts LLC, Federal Way, WA USA. RP Yanosek, KA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500011 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC AF Zhang, XC TI Spatial sensitivity of predicted soil erosion and runoff to climate change at regional scales SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; soil conservation; soil erosion ID WHEAT PRODUCTION; IMPACT; MODEL; SIMULATION; FORECASTS AB Impacts of climate change on natural resources need to be evaluated in a range of geography and agricultural systems for better conservation planning. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate spatial sensitivity of predicted soil loss and runoff to climate change at large scales, and to simulate the "regional" impacts of climate change on soil erosion on the southern Great Plains. Relative climate changes at three spatial scales between 1950 to 99, and 2070 to 99, projected using HadCM(3) under the A2a, B2a, and GGa1 emission scenarios, were used to generate changed climates for Chickasha, Oklahoma. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for each climate scenario at three spatial scales with three tillage systems. The HadCM(3) predicted a general decrease in precipitation and an increase in the east-west precipitation gradient on the Southern Great Plains over the century. The decrease in precipitation resulted in general decreases in predicted runoff and soil loss. Percent changes, compared to the present climate, ranged from -33 to -3 percent for runoff and from -33 to 0 percent for soil loss. Variability of predicted runoff and soil loss over spatial scales was comparable to that between climate change scenarios. This finding suggests that the climatic impacts should be assessed at the spatial resolution at which global climate models have predictive skill, or at multiple spatial scales if the skillful resolution is unknown. The latter would yield additional information on uncertainty of predicted impacts due to uncertainty of spatial scales of climate input. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500013 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Shaffer, M Hu, CGS Lavado, RS Wong, JC Joosse, P Li, XX Rimski-Korsakov, H Follett, R Colon, W Sotomayor, D AF Delgado, JA Shaffer, M Hu, CGS Lavado, RS Wong, JC Joosse, P Li, XX Rimski-Korsakov, H Follett, R Colon, W Sotomayor, D TI A decade of change in nutrient management: A new nitrogen index SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; COASTAL-PLAIN FIELD; PHOSPHORUS-INDEX; LEACHING INDEX; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; IMPACTS C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutirent Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INIFAP, Durango, Mexico. Ontario Minist Agr & Food, Guelph, ON, Canada. Univ Este Carolina, Carolina, PR USA. UPR, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutirent Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 62A EP 71A PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500010 ER PT J AU Gascho, GJ Hubbard, RK AF Gascho, GJ Hubbard, RK TI Long-term impact of broiler litter on chemical properties of a Coastal Plain soil SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; broiler litter; coastal plain; poultry manure; runoff; soil testing ID HEAVY-METALS; ACCUMULATION; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; TOXICITY; NITROGEN; MANURE; FATE AB Broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) production is increasing rapidly in the southern Coastal Plain where there is an abundance of agricultural crops. The litter (mainly manure and bedding material) is a proven source of crop nutrients. We measured the pH, carbon (C), and extractable nutrient elements to a depth of go cm (3 ft) prior to and following seven years of an irrigated conservation-tilled double-cropped rotation. Litter was surface-applied to each crop at four rates (0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1); 0, 2, 4, and 6 t(-1) ac(-1) yr(-1)) during the first five years of the rotation. Concentrations of extractable nutrient elements from the applied litter remained below levels of environmental concern during this seven-year study. Several trends in the data suggest that there will likely be problems with longer-term applications at high rates in the intensive crop rotation. Increases of extractable phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) (contained in broiler feed) are of greatest concern. Phosphorus, extracted by Mehlich-1, increased >100 mg kg(-1) ( >100 ppm) in the surface soil due to the greatest BL rate. Many crops will thrive when soil P is high, but depending on slope and other soil properties, potential exists for losses of P via surface runoff or leaching. Such losses have been correlated with extractable P. Potassium from litter appeared to move to depths beyond the rooting zone of some crops. Concentrations of Cu increased four-fold and Zn five-fold in the top soil at the greatest rate of litter. Continuance of the applications at high rates will eventually lead to toxicity, particularly Zn toxicity in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nitrate-nitrogen concentration remained low through the soil profile. Potential benefits from broiler litter were attained by the maintenance of pH and an increase of 2.7 Mg C ha(-1) (1.2 t C ac(-1)) in the top 15 cm (6 in). Results of the study suggest that litter can be utilized well, without negative environmental effects when it is applied at conservative rates. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Gascho, GJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500014 ER PT J AU Cantero-Martinez, C Westfall, DG Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA AF Cantero-Martinez, C Westfall, DG Sherrod, LA Peterson, GA TI Long-term crop residue dynamics in no-tilt cropping systems under semi-arid conditions SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; crop rotations; dryland ID MANAGEMENT; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; FALLOW; FIELDS AB The presence of crop residue is an important component of dryland cropping systems management in the semiarid environment where soil erosion by wind is a major soil degradation process. Residue also affects precipitation capture and runoff. Long-term residue quantity dynamics of different cropping systems has not been studied in the semi-arid environment of the western Great Plains. Long-term studies were conducted to determine the interaction of no-till cropping systems, soils, and climatic gradient on the production, retention, and disappearance of crop residue over a 12-year period. The cropping systems evaluated were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)-summer fallow (WF), winter wheat-corn (Zea Mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)summer fallow (WC/SF), winter wheat-corn/sorghum-millet (Panicum miliaceum) -summer fallow (WC/SMF), and continuous cropping (CC). A soil surface residue base was achieved in a few years (four to five) and changed little over time. However, as cropping intensity increased the total crop residue retained on the soil surface increased as the proportion of fallow time decreased; a general trend was for residue levels to increase slowly. However, in the winter wheat-summer fallow system residue levels showed a trend to decrease after the initial base was achieved. Greater residue production and retention occurred on the toeslope soil position because these soils are deeper, have greater water holding capacity, and receive run-on water from upslope positions. Residue disappearance was less in the fallow period before corn planting compared to before wheat planting due to the greater fallow period, which included summer fallow in the wheat system. Residue loss was greater during the crop production periods as compared to the fallow periods. The levels of residue present on the soil surface in our intensive no-till cropping systems were generally adequate to control erosion by wind. However, at our high potential evapotranspiration site the residue levels were "marginal" for adequate wind erosion abatement, particularly in the winter wheat-summer fallow system. A combination of no-till management and increased cropping intensity (greater than winter wheat-summer fallow) is the key to sustainable production and soil conservation in this semiarid environment. C1 Univ Lleida, IRTA, Dept Prod Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, Lleida, Spain. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Great Plains Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Cantero-Martinez, C (reprint author), Univ Lleida, IRTA, Dept Prod Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, Lleida, Spain. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013; Cantero-Martinez, Carlos/D-3231-2013 OI Cantero-Martinez, Carlos/0000-0002-6984-2025 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 61 IS 2 BP 84 EP 95 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 050JC UT WOS:000238082500016 ER PT J AU Murphy, SP Foote, JA Wilkens, LR Basiotis, P Carlson, A White, KKL Yonemori, KM AF Murphy, SP Foote, JA Wilkens, LR Basiotis, P Carlson, A White, KKL Yonemori, KM TI Simple measures of dietary variety are associated with improved dietary quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WOMEN AB The objective of this study was to identify a measure of dietary variety that was associated with improved dietary quality and easily understood by consumers. Dietary quality was measured by nutrient adequacy and intakes of added sugars, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. We developed four definitions of dietary variety: (a) a count of basic commodities consumed; (b) a count of food codes reported; (c) a count of five Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) food groups consumed; and (d) a count of 22 FGP subgroups consumed. The analysis sample included 4,964 men and 4,797 women aged 19 years and older who participated in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-96. For each day of dietary data, we examined associations of each type of dietary variety with several measures of dietary quality using Spearman's correlations and multivariate linear regression models. After adjusting for energy intake and the number of FGP food group servings, all types of dietary variety were positively associated with mean nutrient adequacy across 15 nutrients, but associations were strongest for commodity-based variety and for 22 FGP subgroup consumption variety. Likewise, all variety measures were inversely associated with intakes of added sugars and saturated fat, with commodity-based variety and 22 FGP subgroup variety the strongest. We conclude that variety measured using 22 FGP subgroups is preferable because it is a good predictor of dietary quality, is relatively simple to calculate, and is easy to explain to consumers. C1 Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Murphy, SP (reprint author), Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM suzanne@crch.hawaii.edu NR 17 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 106 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.12.003 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018VK UT WOS:000235792700020 PM 16503233 ER PT J AU Ard, JD Desmond, RA Allison, DB Conway, JM AF Ard, JD Desmond, RA Allison, DB Conway, JM TI Dietary restraint and disinhibition do not affect accuracy of 24-hour recall in a multiethnic population SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; MULTIPLE-PASS METHOD; FOOD-INTAKE; ENERGY-INTAKE; WOMEN AB Some psychological predictors of eating behaviors have been shown to affect usefulness of methods for dietary assessment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association of dietary restraint and disinhibition with dietary recall accuracy for total energy, fat, carbohydrate, and protein. In a cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 79 male and 71 female non-Hispanic whites and African-American volunteers. Participants selected and consumed all foods for a 1-day period under observation and actual intake was determined. The following day, each participant completed a telephone 24-hour recall using the US Department of Agriculture Multiple-Pass method to obtain recalled intake. The Eating Inventory, which measures dietary restraint and disinhibition, was administered prior to eating any food in the study. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to determine if dietary restraint or disinhibition were independent predictors of recall accuracy. The mean (+/- standard deviation) age and body mass index of the participants was 43-12 years and 29 +/- 5.5 (calculated as kg/m(2)), respectively. On average, men overreported intake of energy by 265 kcal and women by 250 kcal; both groups also overreported intake of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. When controlling for body mass index, sex, and race, restraint was a significant independent predictor of energy intake (P = 0.004) and negatively correlated with energy intake (r = -0.23, P < 0.001). Unlike intake of carbohydrate or protein, fat intake was significantly and negatively associated with dietary restraint (P < 0.001; r = -0.3). Dietary restraint did not affect accuracy of recall of intake of energy, fat, carbohydrate, or protein, but was significantly associated with intake of energy and fat. Disinhibition was not related to intake or accuracy. Dietetics professionals should consider dietary restraint a possible reason for a lower than expected estimate of energy intake when using 24-hour recalls. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Preformance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Alabama, Med Stat Sect, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sect Stat Genet, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Preformance Lab, Bldg 307B,Room 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM conwayj@bhnrc.ars.usda.gov OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 106 IS 3 BP 434 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.12.006 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 018VK UT WOS:000235792700022 PM 16503235 ER PT J AU Qiu, WQ Price, LL Hibberd, P Buell, J Collins, L Leins, D Mwamburi, DM Rosenberg, I Smaldone, L Scott, TM Siegel, RD Summergrad, P Sun, XY Wagner, C Wang, LX Yee, J Tucker, KL Folstein, M AF Qiu, WQ Price, LL Hibberd, P Buell, J Collins, L Leins, D Mwamburi, DM Rosenberg, I Smaldone, L Scott, TM Siegel, RD Summergrad, P Sun, XY Wagner, C Wang, LX Yee, J Tucker, KL Folstein, M TI Executive dysfunction in homebound older people with diabetes mellitus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; cognition; executive; daily function ID COGNITIVE FUNCTION; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; IMPAIRMENT; DISEASE; LATINOS; IMPACT; WOMEN; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of cognitive deficits and activities of daily living (ADLs) in older people with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study. SETTING: Three homecare agency areas in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred ninety-one homebound people aged 60 and older; 40% with diabetes mellitus. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic data; evidence of diabetes mellitus and other diseases; Mini-Mental State Examination and tests of memory and executive function; ADLs. RESULTS: Executive and visuospatial functions were more impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus than in those without, as assessed using Block Design (mean score +/- standard deviation 17.1 +/- 8.6 vs 20.5 +/- 9.6, P=.003) and Trails B (median seconds to accomplish the task: 255 vs 201, P=.03). For memory, word retention score was lower in those with diabetes mellitus than without (39.1 +/- 28.9 vs 48.0 +/- 29.7, P=.01), but the other memory tests did not show a difference between these two subgroups. More individuals with diabetes mellitus suffered from depressive symptoms than those without (55% vs 42%, P=.03). The ADL scores of those with diabetes mellitus were higher than those without. CONCLUSION: The pattern of cognitive deficits in people with diabetes mellitus suggests frontal-subcortical dysfunction, as seen in microvascular disease of the brain. The impairment in ADLs may be associated with this executive dysfunction, which cerebral microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus may cause. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Sci, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Qiu, WQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, New England Med Ctr, 1007,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wqiu@tufts-nemc.org RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Qiu, Wendy/0000-0002-2082-2410; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-022476, AG-21790] NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00632.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 017ZB UT WOS:000235731000016 PM 16551319 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A AF Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A TI Laboratory evaluation of 21 insect repellents as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE commercial insect repellents; botanical; synthetic; mosquito oviposition deterrents; larvicides; Aedes albopictus; mosquito control ID FIELD-EVALUATION; POPULATION; TOXICITY AB Twenty-one commercial insect repellent products, including 12 botanical, 6 DEET-based, and 3 synthetic organics, were evaluated as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus. Ten of the 12 botanical products at 0.1% concentration provided 57-100% mortality of laboratory-reared 4th-stage Ae. albopictus larvae at 24 h after treatment. Five of the 6 DEET-based products and 3 synthetic organic repellents at 0.1% concentration induced 88-100% larval mortality at 24 h after treatment. All 12 botanical products proved highly effective oviposition deterrents of Ae. albopictus, resulting in 76-100% effective repellency at 24 h after exposure. The 6 DEET-based repellents and the 3 synthetic organic repellents caused 84-100% effective oviposition repellency of Ae. albopictus at 24 It after exposure. Several botanical repellents previously shown to have minimal protection from mosquito bites proved effective oviposition deterrents. Some commercial topical repellents have good potential for development and use in management of container-inhabiting mosquitoes because they deter oviposition and kill larvae. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 7 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[126:LEOIRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 027PS UT WOS:000236428100023 PM 16646335 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Brown, JS Olano, CT Meerow, AW Campbell, RJ Kuhn, DN AF Schnell, RJ Brown, JS Olano, CT Meerow, AW Campbell, RJ Kuhn, DN TI Mango genetic diversity analysis and pedigree inferences for Florida cultivars using microsatellite markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANGIFERA-INDICA L.; GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIATION; PATERNITY INFERENCE; RAPD MARKERS; EMBRYO TYPE; IDENTIFICATION; DISTANCE AB Mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm can be classified by origin with the primary groups being cultivars selected from the centers of diversity for the species, India and Southeast Asia, and those selected in Florida and other tropical and subtropical locations. Accessions have also been classified by horticultural type: cultivars that produce monoembryonic seed vs. cultivars that produce polyembryonic seed. In this study we used 25 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic diversity among 203 unique mangos (M. indica), two M. griffithii Hook. f., and three M. odorata Griff. accessions maintained at the National Germplasm Repository and by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, Fla. The 25 microsatellite loci had an average of 6.96 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.552 for the M. indica population. The total propagation error in the collection (i.e., plants that had been incorrectly labeled or grafted) was estimated to be 6.13%. When compared by origin, the Florida cultivars were more closely related to Indian than to Southeast Asian cultivars. Unbiased gene diversity (H-nb) of 0.600 and 0.582 was found for Indian and Southeast Asian cultivars, respectively, and both were higher than H-nb among Florida cultivars (0.538). When compared by horticultural type, H-nb was higher among the polyembryonic types (0.596) than in the monoembryonic types (0.571). Parentage analysis of the Florida cultivars; was accomplished using a multistage process based on introduction dates of cultivars into Florida and selection dates of Florida cultivars. In total, 64 Florida cultivars were evaluated over four generations. Microsatellite marker evidence suggests that as few as four Indian cultivars, and the land race known as 'Turpentine', were involved in the early cultivar selections. Florida may not represent a secondary center of diversity; however, the Florida group is a unique set of cultivars selected under similar conditions offering production stability in a wide range of environments. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, SHRS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repository, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM rschnell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 214 EP 224 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 025ID UT WOS:000236258100007 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, C Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Phillips-Mora, W Takrama, JF Motamayor, JC AF Cervantes-Martinez, C Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Phillips-Mora, W Takrama, JF Motamayor, JC TI Combining ability for disease resistance, yield, and horticultural traits of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) clones SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN BAHIA; LINKAGE MAP; COMPONENTS; MARKERS; POPULATION; GERMPLASM; QTL AB Knowledge of genetic differences among commonly cultivated cacao clones, as well as the type of gene action involved for disease resistance, yield, quality, and horticultural traits. are essential for cacao breeders to select parental clones efficiently and effectively. This information is also critical for quantitative geneticists in designing and improving quantitative trait loci (QTL) localization strategies using breeding populations, whether they involve analysis of multiple populations crossed to one common parent or association genetic analysis. The objectives of this research were to 1) verify the genetic identity of parental cacao clones used to produce hybrids for field evaluation at the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enzenanza (CATIE),Turrialba, Costa Rica, using molecular marker analysis, and 2) estimate general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) of the parental clones for resistance to frosty, pod (Moniliophthora roreri Cif. and Par.) and black pod [Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl.] diseases, total number of pods, vigor (as measured by trunk diameter), and measures of maturity (months to first flowering and pod production). Misidentification of cacao clones was found at three levels. Molecular marker analysis revealed that six parental clones differed in identity to supposedly identical accessions from other germplasm collections. Trees of the parental Clone UF 273 consisted of two clearly different genotypes, resulting in two types of progeny, requiring separate designation for correct statistical analysis. Out-crossed progeny, presumably from foreign pollen, and selfed progeny were also found. Two of the traits measured, percent healthy pods and percent pods with frosty pod, showed predominantly additive gene action, while the traits total number of pods and trunk diameter, demonstrated regulation by both additive and nonadditive gene action. Number of months to first flowering and first fruit both showed evidence of predominant regulation by nonadditive gene effects. Crosses of two parental clones, UF 712 and UF 273 Type 1, were identified as potential candidates for QTL analysis as breeding populations, given their favorable GCA estimates for frosty pod resistance and total pod production, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. Cocoa Res Inst, Tafao Akim, Ghana. USDA ARS, Masterfoods USA Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Cervantes-Martinez, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 025ID UT WOS:000236258100009 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM Scorza, R Okie, WR AF Glenn, DM Scorza, R Okie, WR TI Genetic and environmental effects on water use efficiency in peach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; FRUIT-QUALITY; APPLE AB Two unpruned narrow-leaf and two unpruned standard-leaf peach [prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] selections were evaluated for physiological components related to water use efficiency {WUE [carbon assimilation (A) per unit of transpiration (T)]}. The purpose of the study was to assess the value of narrow-leaf phenotypes to improve WUE in peach and separate the environmental component of canopy geometry from the genetic components. The narrow-leaf characteristic itself did not confer improved WUE. The interception of light was a key determinant of WUE in these genotypes. Internal shading of the tree by excessive leaf area reduced daily WUE measured in gas exchange studies. Canopies that intercepted more than 75% of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) had reduced daily WUE. Dormant season pruning of the four genotypes lowered isotopic carbon discrimination and therefore increased seasonal WUE compared to unpruned trees. None of the genotypes had a significant correlation of seasonal WUE with leaf and fruit weight. Analysis of covariance indicated that 'Bounty' and both narrow-leaf genotypes had greater leaf and fruit weight than 'Redhaven' for a given level of PAR interception. 'Bounty' had the least internal canopy shading of the four genotypes. Genetic differences in peach growth types can be selected for factors increasing WUE as well as increased productivity. Future work in peach breeding to improve WUE and productivity must take into consideration light interception, productivity, and WUE in an integrated manner to make real progress in the efficient use of water and light in the orchard environment. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mglenn@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 290 EP 294 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 025ID UT WOS:000236258100017 ER PT J AU Blanco, JE Scatena, FN AF Blanco, JE Scatena, FN TI Hierarchical contribution of river-ocean connectivity, water chemistry, hydraulics, and substrate to the distribution of diadromous snails in Puerto Rican streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater gastropods; tropical streams; spatial hierarchies; landscape filters; downstream-upstream linkages ID NEW-ZEALAND; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; ESPIRITU-SANTO; SOUTH-PACIFIC; LAND-USE; FLOW; GASTROPODS; FISH; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE AB Diadromous faunas dominate most tropical coastal streams and rivers, but the factors controlling their distribution are not well understood. Our study documents abiotic variables controlling the distribution and abundance of the diadromous snail Neritina virginea (Gastropoda:Neritidae) in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. An intensive survey of N. virginea density and shell size, and channel substrate, velocity, and depth was conducted at microhabitat, habitat, and reach scales of a coastal plain reach of the Rio Mameyes between August and December 2000. In addition, the inland extent of distribution (stream-network scale) and presence (regional scale) of N. virginea were surveyed in 32 coastal rivers around the island during summer 2001 and 2003. At the microhabitat scale, snail density and microhabitat electivity were greater in patches consisting of a mix of boulders and cobbles than in other types of substrate. At the habitat scale, snail density increased with depth. At the reach scale, snail density increased with fast and turbulent flows (riffle > pools > pond), whereas snail size showed the opposite pattern. At the regional scale, populations were present in 13 of 32 streams. Populations of N. virginea were not found in rivers that were disconnected from the ocean for most of the year because of channel dewatering, formation of sediment bars at their mouths, and low mean monthly discharge (Q = 0.69 m(3)/s). In contrast, rivers with N. virginea populations had a permanent (Q = 4.04 m(3)/s) or seasonal (Q = 2.88 m(3)/s) connection to the ocean over the year. At the regional scale, the inland distribution of populations was not correlated with stream gradient, but was negatively correlated with concentrations of SiO2, P, and acid neutralizing capacity of the water. Populations colonized montane reaches in only 5 rivers, all of which were forested and protected. Our study highlights the importance of taking a hierarchical approach in managing tropical coastal rivers, and the usefulness of neritid snails as biological indicators of the physical and chemical integrity of rivers. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Blanco, JE (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Inst Biol, Medellin 1226, Colombia. EM jblanco@lternet.edu; fns@sas.upenn.edu NR 64 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 82 EP 98 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[82:HCORCW]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 029LX UT WOS:000236565400008 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD TI Durham cattle on the western range SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD SPR PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC History SC History GA 050RZ UT WOS:000238106900007 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Dorr, BS AF Werner, Scott J. Dorr, Brian S. TI Influence of fish stocking density on the foraging behavior of double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; DELTA REGION; CARBO-CARBO; MISSISSIPPI; AQUACULTURE; MOVEMENTS; PREDATION; RESPONSES; REMOVAL; ESTUARY C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 EI 1749-7345 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 153DU UT WOS:000245412700014 ER PT J AU Baszler, TV Kiupel, M Williams, ES Thomsen, BV Gidlewski, T Montgomery, DL O'Rourke, KI Hall, SM AF Baszler, TV Kiupel, M Williams, ES Thomsen, BV Gidlewski, T Montgomery, DL O'Rourke, KI Hall, SM TI Comparison of two automated immunohistochemical procedures for the diagnosis of scrapie in domestic sheep and chronic wasting disease in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE scrapie; chronic wasting disease; prion; immunohistochemistry ID RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; TONSILLAR BIOPSY; NATURAL SCRAPIE; BRAIN; TISSUE; PRPSC AB Two commercially available automated immunohistochemistry platforms, Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation Autostainer Universal Staining System, were compared for diagnosing sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease. Both automated platforms used the same antiprion protein monoclonal primary antibodies, but different platform-specific linker and amplification reagents and procedures. Duplicate sections of brainstem (at the level of the obex) and lymphoid tissue (retropharyngeal lymph node or tonsil) from the same tissue block were immunostained for the comparison. Examination or 1,020 tissues from 796 sheep revealed 100% concordance of results between the Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation platforms for diagnosing sheep scrapie from lymphoid tissue (103/103 positive, 405/405 negative) and brainstem (120/120 positive 392/392 negative). Similarly, examination Of 1,008 tissues from 504 white-tailed deer revealed 100% concordance between the Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation platforms for diagnosing chronic wasting disease from lymphoid tissue (104/104 positive; 400/400 negative) and brainstem (104/104 positive; 400/400 negative). Examination of 1,152 tissues from 482 mule deer revealed a concordance of 98.6% in lymphoid tissue and 99.9% in brainstem between the Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation platforms for diagnosing chronic wasting disease. The results indicate equivalence or near equivalence between the DakoCytomation and Ventana NexES autostainer platforms for identification of the disease-associated prion protein (PrPd)positive and PrPd-negative brain and lymphoid tissues in sheep, white-tailed deer, and Mule deer. C1 Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wyoming, Coll Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, Amarillo, TX USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, POB 2037 Coll Stn, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. EM baszlert@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 025LK UT WOS:000236267400002 PM 16617694 ER PT J AU Robbe-Austerman, S Stabel, JR Palmer, MV AF Robbe-Austerman, S Stabel, JR Palmer, MV TI Evaluation of the gamma interferon ELISA in sheep subclinically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a whole-cell sonicate or a johnin purified-protein derivative SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE ELISA; gamma interferon; johnin; paratuberculosis; whole-cell sonicate ID POOLED FECAL CULTURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS; CATTLE; DISEASE; ASSAY; SPECIFICITY; GOATS; HERD AB The aim of the study reported here was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ELISA for paratuberculosis in sheep using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Bacteriologic Culture of tissues was used to define the reference positive population (n = 33). Two reference negative Populations were used: culture-negative sheep from infected flocks (n = 77), and sheep from noninfected flocks (n = 358). We also evaluated the accuracy of 2 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antigen preparations, a whole-cell sonicate (MpS) and a johnin purified-protein derivative (PPDj). The Source of the reference negative sheep used in the analysis affected overall accuracy of the IFN-gamma ELISA. The area under the Curve was 0.683 (95% confidence interval 0.574-0.787), using culture-negative sheep from infected flocks, was 0.831 (0.764-0.889), using sheep from noninfected flocks for the MpS, and was 0.809 (0.726-0.881) and 0.897 (0.862-0.925) for the PPDj, respectively. Using the MpS, the cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was an optical density reading or 0.20, for sensitivity of 40.7% (19.4-57.6) and specificity of 88.7% (77.0-95.7) or 97.6% (93.04-99.5), depending on the reference negative Population used. Using the PPDj, the Cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was 0.25 for sensitivity of 66.7% (47.2-82.7) and specificity of 93.5% (85.5-97.9) or 98.3% (96.4-99.4), respectively. The PPDj was more accurate at identifying MAP-infected sheep than was the MpS (P = 0.034). C1 ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Robbe-Austerman, S (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM sausterm@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 025LK UT WOS:000236267400008 PM 16617700 ER PT J AU He, XH Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF He, XH Chen, GQ Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and triacylglycerol synthesis in germinating castor seed cotyledons SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENZYME; ACID; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; RICINOSOMES; EXPRESSION; MICROSOMES AB The central importance of storage lipid breakdown in providing carbon and energy during seed germination has been demonstrated by isolating the genes encoding the enzymes involved in FA P-oxidation. in contrast, little is known about the ability of germinating seeds to synthesize TAG. We report that castor cotyledons are capable of TAG synthesis. The rate of incorporation of ricinoleic acid into TAG reached a peak at 7 d after imbibition (DAI) (1.14 nmol/h/ing) and decreased rapidly thereafter, but was sustained at 20 DAI in cotyledons and true leaves. The castor DAG acyltransferase (RcDGAT) mRNA and protein were expressed throughout seed germination at levels considerably enhanced from that in the dormant seed, thus indicating new expression. Significant degradation of the RcDGAT protein was observed after 7 DAI. The DGAT activity was found to be predominantly a function of the level of the intact RcDGAT protein, with the rate of TAG synthesis decreasing as degradation of the RcDGAT protein proceeded. A possible mechanism for the degradation of the RcDGAT protein is discussed. The induction of DGAT mRNA and protein, the capacity for TAG synthesis in vitro and in tissue slices, and the differing TAG composition of dormant seed TAG vs. cotyledonary TAG provide strong circumstantial evidence for active TAG synthesis by cotyledons. However, we have not yet determined the physiological significance of this capability. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s11745-006-5098-2 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 039VC UT WOS:000237334500009 PM 16711603 ER PT J AU Patel, JR Solomon, MB Fahrenholz, T Paroczay, E AF Patel, JR Solomon, MB Fahrenholz, T Paroczay, E TI Sorting for beef tenderness using high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: A research note SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tenderness; high performance liquid chromatography; beef; aging; capillary electrophoresis ID POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; PSOAS-MAJOR; TENDERIZATION; MUSCLE; LONGISSIMUS; IDENTIFICATION; MYOFIBRILLAR; FRAGMENTS; PORK; LOIN AB This study utilized two sampling methods to examine changes in sarcoplasmic proteins during aging of beef and their relation to tenderness. Water-soluble proteins either obtained by manually expressing exudates from the Meat (drip) or by an extraction procedure using homogenization and centrifugation (ext) were analyzed for longissimus lumborum muscle using HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE) on days 2, 7, 10 and 14 postmortem. A peak that contently increased with aging was identified using HPLC. Among nine peaks detected in the CE analysis, peak 9 ( 100 kDa) that increased and peak 4 (30 kDa) that decreased with aging were correlated (P < 0.05) to tenderness as determined by Warner-Bratzier shear force (WBSF), For pooled data of all aging periods,, drip sample explained the most variability (49%) in shear force compared to ext sample (25%) using HPLC analyses, At 2 days postmortem, a multiple linear regression model explained 83% of the variation in WBSF using CE-ext or HPLC-drip samples. Sixty percent of the variability in shear force was explained by CE-ext samples for day 7 data. The variability in shear force as, explained by either drip or ext sample was less than 51 percent for 10 and 14 days postmortem data, The drip samples were comparable to ext samples in predicting WBSF values for both tough (> 46 N WBSF on day 2) and tender (< 46 N WBSF on day 2) strip loins using CE and HPLC procedure. Results suggest that a simple drip sampling may have t potential for use with either HPLC or CE analyses on day 2 postmortem for sorting carcasses into tenderness groups. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Solomon, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Technol & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM msolomon@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 72 IS 3 BP 574 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.07.011 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 002WZ UT WOS:000234644100024 PM 22061743 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV Park, AA Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV Park, AA Weller, DM Thomashow, LS TI The role of dsbA in colonization of the wheat rhizosphere by Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID TOMATO ROOT COLONIZATION; DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION; III SECRETION SYSTEM; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN WCS365; AERUGINOSA; BACTERIA AB Certain well-conserved genes in fluorescent Pseudomonas slop. are involved in pathogenic interactions between the bacteria and evolutionarily diverse hosts including plants, insects and vertebrate animals. One such gene, dsbA, encodes a periplasmic disulfide-bond-forming enzyme implicated in the biogenesis of exported proteins and cell surface structures. This study focused on the role of dsbA in Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96, a biological control strain that produces the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and is known for its exceptional ability to colonize the roots of wheat and pea. The deduced DsbA protein from Q8r1-96 is similar to other predicted thiol : disulfide interchange proteins and contains a conserved DsbA catalytic site, a pattern associated with the thioredoxin family active site, and a signal peptide and cleavage site. A dsbA mutant of Q8r1-96 exhibited decreased motility and fluorescence, and altered colony morphology; however, it produced more 2,4-DAPG and total phloroglucinol-related compounds and was more inhibitory in vitro to the fungal root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici than was the parental strain. When introduced separately into a natural soil, Q8r1-96 and the dsbA mutant did not differ in their ability to colonize the rhizosphere of wheat in greenhouse experiments lasting 12 weeks. However, when the two strains were co-inoculated, the parental strain consistently out-competed the dsbA mutant. It was concluded that dsbA does not contribute to the exceptional rhizosphere competence of Q8r1-96, although the dsbA mutation reduces competitiveness when the mutant competes with the parental strain in the same niche in the rhizosphere. The results also suggest that exoenzymes and multimeric cell surface structures are unlikely to have a critical role in root colonization by this strain. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thomasho@mail.wsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAR PY 2006 VL 152 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1099/mic.0.28545-0 PN 3 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 026EY UT WOS:000236321700028 PM 16514165 ER PT J AU Asmundsson, IM Rosenthal, BM AF Asmundsson, IM Rosenthal, BM TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Sarcocystis neurona, a causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; coccidia; Toxoplasma gondii; microsatellite markers ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ANTIBODIES; HORSES AB The population genetics and systematics of coccidian parasites of the genus Sarcocystis remain poorly defined, notwithstanding their relevency to veterinary and human health. Despite opportunities for sexual recombination, nonrecombinant parasite clones characterized by distinct transmission and pathogenesis traits persist in related parasites (i.e. Toxoplasma gondii). In order to determine whether this may be generally true for parasitic coccidia, and to address evolutionary and taxonomic problems within the genus Sarcocystis, we isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers (four to 14 alleles) for Sarcocystis neurona, the major causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). C1 USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Asmundsson, IM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM asmundsson@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01040.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 017XC UT WOS:000235725600003 ER PT J AU Josserand, SA Potter, KM Johnson, G Bowen, JA Frampton, J Nelson, CD AF Josserand, SA Potter, KM Johnson, G Bowen, JA Frampton, J Nelson, CD TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; fir; microsatellite DNA AB We describe the isolation and characterization of 14 microsatellite loci from Fraser fir (Abies fraseri). These markers originated from cloned inserts enriched for DNA sequences containing tandem di- and tri-nucleotide repeats. In total, 36 clones were selected, sequenced and evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for 14 of these sequences consistently produced simple PCR profiles and were found to be polymorphic among 13 Fraser fir samples. In addition, more than half of these loci were found to amplify a wide range of samples from several Abies taxa. C1 So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Forest Serv, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Forest Serv, 23332 Mississippi 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM dananelson@fs.fed.us NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01138.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 017XC UT WOS:000235725600020 ER PT J AU Tobias, CM Hayden, DM Twigg, P Sarath, G AF Tobias, CM Hayden, DM Twigg, P Sarath, G TI Genic microsatellite markers derived from EST sequences of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE energy crop; genetic diversity; polyploid; simple sequence repeat AB Switchgrass is a large, North American, perennial grass that is being evaluated as a potential energy crop. There is a need to assess genetic diversity in stored accessions and in remaining native stands to assist breeding and conservation efforts. Marker development will also be necessary for genetic linkage mapping. Toward this end, 32 switchgrass genic di-, tri- and tetranucleotide repeat microsatellites were identified from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). These microsatellites were used to screen individuals from two different named cultivars. The markers displayed a high level of polymorphism consistent with the tetraploid, allogamous behaviour of the cultivars tested. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ctobias@pw.usda.gov RI Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X NR 10 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2006 VL 6 IS 1 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01187.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 017XC UT WOS:000235725600059 ER PT J AU He, HQ Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF He, HQ Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH TI Profile of Toll-like receptor expressions and induction of nitric oxide synthesis by Toll-like receptor agonists in chicken monocytes SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptors; nitric oxide; immune responses; monocytes; chicken ID GRAM-NEGATIVE FLAGELLIN; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS; AVIAN MACROPHAGE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; LINKING INNATE; HOST-DEFENSE; ACTIVATION; SYNTHASE; RECOGNITION AB Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in the innate immune system for initial recognition of microbial pathogens and pathogen associated components. Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in immune cells in response to microbial Stimulation and is involved in pathogenesis and control of infection. We used RT-PCR analysis to examine the TLR expression profile on chicken monocytes and demonstrated these cells express chicken TLR2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. TLR5 was not detected by the TR-PCR. We also investigated the differential induction of NO synthesis in chicken monocytes by TLR agonists, including flagellin (FGN, from Salmonella typhimurium), synthetic lipoprotein Pam3CSK4 (PAM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Salmonella enteritidis), lipoteichoic acid (LTA. from Staphylococcus aureus), the synthetic double stranded RNA analog (poly I:C), the guanosine analog, loxoribine (LOX), and synthetic CpG oligodeoxydinucleotide (CpG-ODN). Our results indicate that there was a vast difference among these agonists for their ability to induce NO production. CpG-ODN and LPS were the most potent stimuli and induced significant quantities of NO in cultured monocytes, whereas LTA stimulated significant NO production only at high concentrations. Other agonists such as FGN and Poly I:C stimulated very little NO, while PAM, LOX, and nCpG-ODN (control ODN) did not induce NO production. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that LPS, LTA, and CpG-ODN induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in monocytes; whereas the other agonists did not. The presence of TLRs on chicken monocytes and the differential induction of NO production in chicken monocytes by various TLR agonists Suggest the differentiation of signaling pathways downstream of individual TLRs. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP He, HQ (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM he@ffsru.usda.gov NR 43 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 7 BP 783 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 013UM UT WOS:000235435300002 PM 16098593 ER PT J AU Lindner, DL Burdsall, HH Stanosz, GR AF Lindner, Daniel L. Burdsall, Harold H., Jr. Stanosz, Glen R. TI Species diversity of polyporoid and corticioid fungi in northern hardwood forests with differing management histories SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aphyllophorales; Basidiomycete; Corticiaceae; fungi; Polyporaceae; polypore; species diversity ID WOOD-INHABITING FUNGI; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; OLD-GROWTH; BIODIVERSITY; MACROFUNGI; PATHOGEN; DEBRIS; SPRUCE AB Effects of forest management on fungal diversity were investigated by sampling fruit bodies of polyporoid and corticioid fungi in forest stands that have different management histories. Fruit bodies were sampled in 15 northern hardwood stands in northern Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan. Sampling was conducted in five old-growth stands, five uneven-age stands, three even-age un-thinned stands and two even-age thinned stands. Plots 100 in X 60 in were established and 3000 m(2) within each plot was sampled during the summers of 1996 and 1997. A total of 255 polyporoid and corticioid morphological species were identified, 46 (approximate to 18%) of which could not be assigned to a described species. Species accumulation curves for sites and management classes differed from straight lines, although variability from year to year suggests that more than 2 y of sampling are needed to characterize annual variation. Mean species richness and diversity index values did not vary significantly by management class, although mean richness on large diameter wood (>= 15 cm diam) varied with moderate significance. Richness values on small diameter debris varied significantly by year, indicating that a large part of year-to-year variability in total species richness is due to small diameter debris. Ten species had abundance levels that varied by management class. Two of these species, Cystostereum murraii and Rigidoporus crocatus, were most abundant in old-growth and might be good indicators of stands with old-growth characteristics. Oxyporus populinus, an important pathogen of Acer spp., was most abundant in even-age stands. Regression analyses indicated that substrate quality (diameter and species), quantity and management history of the stand were important in predicting the number of occurrences of the five most-abundant species. Changes in the diversity and species composition of the wood-inhabiting fungal community could have significant implications for the diversity, health and productivity of forest ecosystems. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lindner, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dlindner@wisc.edu NR 42 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.2.195 PG 23 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 067RK UT WOS:000239320100005 PM 16894965 ER PT J AU Dunham, SM O'Dell, TE Molina, R AF Dunham, Susie M. O'Dell, Thomas E. Molina, Randy TI Spatial analysis of within-population microsatellite variability reveals restricted gene flow in the Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus formosus) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE correlogram; Ectomycorrhizal; fungi; genetic structure; spatial autocorrelation ID MUSHROOM HEBELOMA-CYLINDROSPORUM; AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; LACCARIA-AMETHYSTINA; PLANT-POPULATIONS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; UNITED-STATES; DOUGLAS-FIR; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB We examined the within-population genetic structure of the Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus formosus) in a 50 y old forest stand dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) with spatial autocorrelation analysis. We tested the null hypothesis that multilocus genotypes possessed by chanterelle genets were randomly distributed within the study area. Fruit bodies from 203 C. formosus genets were collected from a 50 ha study plot. One hundred six unique multilocus genotypes were identified after scoring these collections at five microsatellite loci. Statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation was detected indicating the presence of fine-scale genetic structure within the area. Repeated autocorrelation analyses with varied minimum distance classes (50-500 m) detected positive spatial genetic structure up to 400 m. Therefore nonrandom evolutionary processes (e.g., isolation by distance) can cause fine-scale genetic structure in C. formosus. The implications of this research for future broad-scale population studies of this species are that population samples should be separated by at least 400 in to be considered statistically independent. Sampling designs that account for fine-scale genetic structure will better characterize heterogeneity distributed across the landscape by avoiding the effects of pseudo replication. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Dunham, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dunhams@science.oregonstate.edu NR 68 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 98 IS 2 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.3852/mycologia.98.2.250 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 067RK UT WOS:000239320100010 PM 16894970 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Wildeboer, K Panter, KE Kem, WR Gardner, DR Molyneux, RJ Chang, CWT Soti, F Pfister, JA AF Lee, ST Wildeboer, K Panter, KE Kem, WR Gardner, DR Molyneux, RJ Chang, CWT Soti, F Pfister, JA TI Relative toxicities and neuromuscular nicotinic receptor agonistic potencies of anabasine enantiomers and anabaseine SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anabasine; anabaseine; enantiomer; nicotinic receptor; toxicity ID FETAL CLEFT-PALATE; IN-UTERO REPAIR; CONGENITAL MODEL; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; APHAENOGASTER ANTS; TREE TOBACCO; GLAUCA; TERATOGENICITY; PIPERIDINE; INGESTION AB Anabasine occurring in wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) and anabaseine occurring in certain animal venoms are nicotinic receptor agonist toxins. Anabasine lacks the imine double bond of anabaseine; the two possible enantiomers of anabasine occur in N. glauca. A comparision of the relative potencies of S- and R-anabasine has not been previously reported. We separated the enantiomers of anabasine by reaction of the racemic N. glauca natural product with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-alanine (Fmoc-L-Ala-OH) to give diastereomers, which were separated by preparative reversed phase HPLC. The S- and R-anabasine enantiomer fractions were then obtained by Edman degradation. A mouse bioassay was used to determine the relative lethalities of S- and R-enriched anabasine enantiomers. The intravenous LD50 of the (+)-R-anabasine rich fraction was 11 +/- 1.0 mg/kg and that of the (-)-S-anabasine-rich fraction was 16 +/- 1.0 mg/kg. The LD50 of anabaseine was 0.58 0.05 mg/kg. Anabaseine was significantly more toxic in the mouse bioassay than S-anabasine (27-fold) and R-anabasine (18-fold). The relative agonistic potencies of these three alkaloids on human fetal nicotinic neuromuscular receptors were of the same rank order: anabaseine >> R-anabasine > S-anabasine. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stlee@cc.usu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR0954]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH6142] NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.12.010 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 033QA UT WOS:000236862700006 PM 16488116 ER PT J AU Van Dissen, RJ Sutherland, DG Bowers, RJ Redwine, JL AF Van Dissen, RJ Sutherland, DG Bowers, RJ Redwine, JL TI Forest burial by large rock avalanche in Miller Stream, Seaward Kaikoura Range, New Zealand, c. 1700 years ago SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rock avalanche; Seaward Kaikoura Range; Marlborough AB A forest buried at 1630-1730 cal. BP has been exhumed by incision of Miller Stream, a tributary of Clarence River that drains the steep southeast flank of the Seaward Kaikoura Range, Marlborough, New Zealand. The paleoforest is exposed along several hundred metres of the modem channel of the south branch of Miller Stream, and comprises over 40 tree stumps in growth position that are up to 2.5 m in circumference and 2 m in height. Just over 2 km downstream, subhorizontal trees of the same age as the paleoforest are buried by c. 14 m of a fining upward, poorly sorted "debris flow" deposit containing clasts as large as 2 m diameter. This deposit is capped by c. 8 m of thickly bedded alluvial deposits. The aggradation that inundated Miller Stream, and buried the forest, was probably caused by a large rock avalanche in its headwaters with an estimated volume of c. 3.7 x 10(7)m(3). The triggering mechanism for the Miller Stream rock avalanche has yet to be established; however, given its large size, the depth of its source scar (<= 100 m), and its close proximity (within 15 km) to at least five major active faults (Jordan Thrust, Fidget, Kekerengu, Hope, and Clarence Faults), we suggest that an earthquake may have been the trigger. C1 GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Van Dissen, RJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. OI Van Dissen, Russ/0000-0001-8224-7573 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU RSNZ PUBLISHING PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 045VZ UT WOS:000237772100012 ER PT J AU Stuart, GW Edwards, PJ AF Stuart, GW Edwards, PJ TI Concepts about forests and water SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; erosion and sedimentation; overland flow; BMP; water quality; timber harvesting ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; SOIL-EROSION; NORTHEASTERN; POLLUTION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Six concepts concerning forests, foresoy, and water resources are discussed: (1) the role of the forest canopy in erosion control, (2) the impact of disturbance oil soils; (3) the variability of natural water quality; (4) the impact of harvesting oil water quality; (5) the role of extreme experiments; and (6) the effectiveness of forestry best management practices (BMP). The literature shows that the forest floor, not the canopy, protects soils from erosion. Harvesting call be conducted in ways that limit compaction and essentially confine overland flow to areas of exposed mineral soil oil roads, trails, and log landings. Overland flow from these areas call be controlled and converted to subsurface flow before it reaches streams and lakes. Thus, effects to watershed hydrology are small. Undisturbed watersheds tend to have better quality water than highly disturbed watersheds, but the undisturbed character of a catchment does not assure high-quality water. Undisturbed forests vary greatly in sediment and chemical exports that are controlled by; variables such as streamflow, soils, geology, air pollution, and land use history. Conversely. timber harvesting does not necessarily have measurable or biologically meaningful negative effects Oil water quality. Forestry BMP have proven effective in controlling adverse changes to in-stream sediment and water chemistry. Many studies that have reported large changes in water quality often represent extreme treatments not associated with typical forest operations, or they have not employed BMP. Properly and adequately used forestry BMP protect watershed resources while allowing the removal of wood products. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Stuart, GW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. EM pjedwards@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 025TD UT WOS:000236288900003 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Odom, RH Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Odom, RH Miller, KV TI Abiotic factors influencing deer browsing in West Virginia SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Landform index; plot surface shape; slope; aspect; skidder trail ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOREST; PENNSYLVANIA; COMMUNITIES; LANDFORM; DAMAGE; STAND AB We present a comparison of woody browse availability, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use among clearcut interiors, skidder trail edges, and mature forest and an, evaluation of the relative importance of aboitic factors in predicting browsing pressure within regenerating clearcuts in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. We sampled 810 1-m(2) plots in or adjacent to nine regenerating clearcuts (8-19 ha) during the summer of 2001. Availability and use of woody browse did not differ between clearcut interior and skidder trail plots for any species observed. Plots in the adjacent mature forest had less wood), browse availability and higher utilization. Overall use of available woody browse in clearcuts was > 15%. Combining all woody species, elevation (w(l) = 0.618) and distance to mature forest (w(l) = 0.379) were more important than landform index, plot surface shape, aspect, and slope in predicting deer browsing pressure in regenerating clearcuts. We believe that without management activities aimed at reducing deer browsing, in many parts of this region the ability of forest managers to regenerate stands will be jeopardized and the forested ecosystem will be compromised. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Space Imaging, Thornton, CO 80241 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 025TD UT WOS:000236288900004 ER PT J AU Wiese, AH Netzer, DA Riemenschneider, DE Zalesny, RS AF Wiese, AH Netzer, DA Riemenschneider, DE Zalesny, RS TI A weed compaction roller system for use with mechanical herbicide application SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetation management; invasive weed control; Agropyron repens; Cirsium arvense ID MANAGEMENT; POPLAR; BORDER; PLOTS AB We designed, constructed, and field-tested a versatile and unique weed compaction roller system that can be used with mechanical herbicide application for invasive weed control in tree plantations, agronomic settings, and areas where localized flora and fauna are in danger of elimination from the landscape. The weed compaction roller system combined with herbicide application generally had greater vegetation control compared with using only herbicide treatments or the unsprayed control. The roller system-herbicide treatment combination showed substantial total vegetation control two growing seasons after application without impacting diameter growth of the crop trees, which supports the need for less frequent entries into the field. The cost of the roller system was approximately $300.00. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 025TD UT WOS:000236288900010 ER PT J AU Donoghue, EM Sutton, NL AF Donoghue, Ellen M. Sutton, N. Lynnae TI Socioeconomic change in planning provinces of the Northwest Forest Plan Region SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY JOB LOSSES; SOCIAL-INDICATORS; SPOTTED OWLS; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY AB The Northwest Forest Plan's 1994 Record of Decision (ROD) established a framework for a new ecosystem approach to federal land management across 24 million acres of the Pacific Northwest. One strategy outlined in the ROD combined ecosystem management and civic involvement in the creation of planning provinces, consisting of 12 contiguous multi-ownership areas spanning the Plan region. The ROD also directed agencies to monitor the effectiveness of the Plan, including the implementation of a socioeconomic monitoring program. We defined communities within provinces in order to better understand socioeconomic change. We developed a composite measure of community socioeconomic well-being (SEWB) to compare communities within the 12 planning provinces based on their proximity to Forest Service (FS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands. Some provinces improved in SEWB over the decade and some declined, but this was not related to how much FS and BLM lands were in the province, nor how many communities in the province were close to FS and BLM lands. Communities within 5 miles of FS and BLM lands had significantly lower SEWB scores compared to communities farther away in both 1990 and 2000. Income inequality increased significantly between 1990 and 2000 for communities within 5 miles of FS and BLM lands but showed no significant change for communities farther away. As existing jurisdictions that span multiple land ownerships with mechanisms for dialogue and learning among stakeholders and decisionmakers, planning provinces provide opportunities for increased understanding of the ways that forest management affects to community socioeconomic well-being. Information on socioeconomic conditions of communities in planning provinces is an important step in understanding how communities change and what factors contribute to change. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Donoghue, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM edonoghue@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077LM UT WOS:000240030900001 ER PT J AU Schultz, ME De Santo, TL AF Schultz, Mark E. De Santo, Ton L. TI Comparison of terrestrial invertebrate biomass and richness in young mixed red alder-conifer, young conifer, and old conifer stands of southeast Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEADWATER STREAMS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; CLEAR-CUT; FORESTS; OREGON; ASSEMBLAGES; WASHINGTON; MOUNTAINS; DENSITY; GROWTH AB Coniferous stands that regenerate following clearcutting in southeast Alaska can be characterized by the amount of soil disturbance during logging. There are indications that red alder in mixed stands mitigates some of the negative effects of clearcutting. We compared invertebrate biomass in four stands each of (1) young conifers, (2) young mixed alder and conifer, and (3) old conifers to determine if alder was beneficial to invertebrates. Collembola, then Aranae taxa were most abundant but Coleoptera had the greatest invertebrate biomass on boles of red alder, Sitka spruce, or western hemlock. Diptera taxa were the most abundant in flight traps in young mixed alder and conifer stands. Psocoptera taxa were the most abundant invertebrates collected from any foliage. Some rarer invertebrate families were unique to one or another of the tree species. Crawling invertebrate species richness was greatest on red alder and in young mixed alder and conifer stands. The greatest biomass of crawling invertebrates occurred on Sitka spruce holes. Old stands had about the same invertebrate biomass as mixed alder or conifer young stands. Flying invertebrate biomass and species richness was greatest in young stands of mixed alder and conifer. Twice as many invertebrate species were found on western hemlock or Sitka spruce foliage as on red alder foliage but invertebrate species richness was greatest on red alder. Invertebrate biomass on red alder foliage was 20-100 times greater than on the equivalent weight of Sitka. spruce or western hemlock foliage. Red alder significantly contributes invertebrate species richness and biomass to young forest stands of southeast Alaska. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg, State & Private Forestry,Forest Hlth Protect, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Schultz, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg, State & Private Forestry,Forest Hlth Protect, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mschultz01@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 120 EP 132 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077LM UT WOS:000240030900006 ER PT J AU Shick, KR Pearson, DE Ruggiero, LF AF Shick, Katharine R. Pearson, Dean E. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI Forest habitat associations of the golden-mantled ground squirrel: Implications for fuels management SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SMALL-MAMMAL COMMUNITIES; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; FOOD-HABITS AB Golden-mantled ground squirrels are commonly associated with high-elevation habitats near or above upper timberline. This species also occurs in fire-adapted, low-elevation forests that are targeted for forest health restoration (FHR) treatments intended to remove encroaching understory trees and thin overstory trees. Hence, the golden-mantled ground squirrel may be affected by FHR treatments, but little is known about its habitat associations within these forest types. We sampled mature western larch and ponderosa pine forests in western Montana to determine the macro- and microhabitat associations of this ground squirrel. At the macrohabitat scale, g-olden-mantled ground squirrels were absent from western larch stands which consistently had a denser understory. Because we did not detect golden-mantled ground squirrels within larch stands, it is unclear whether FHR treatments in this forest type would improve habitat conditions for these ground squirrels. In contrast, golden-mantled ground squirrels were common in ponderosa pine stands and favored more open conditions there. At the microhabitat scale within ponderosa pine stands. golden-mantled ground squirrels were captured at trap stations with fewer canopy trees, more rock cover, and less grass and forb cover compared to stations without captures. Thus, FHR treatments that open the understory of ponderosa pine stands while maintaining-mature pines similar to historic conditions may increase golden-mantled ground squirrel populations. However, the extent to which golden-mantled ground squirrels are positively affected by FHR treatments in ponderosa pine stand types may be limited by the degree of their dependence on rocky structure. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), 709 N 7th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM dpearson@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077LM UT WOS:000240030900007 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Carey, A Simon, L Mark, DA Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, B Carey, A Simon, L Mark, DA Joseph, JA TI Effects of Concord grape juice on cognitive and motor deficits in aging SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE polyphenolics; flavonoids; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; spatial memory and learning; phytochemicals; signaling ID TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MUSCARINIC CONTROL AB Objective: Animals and humans show increased motor and cognitive declines with aging that are thought to be due to increased susceptibility to the long-term effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous findings have suggested that reversals in these age-related declines might be accomplished by increasing the dietary intake of polyphenolics found in fruits and vegetables, especially those identified as being high in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: We investigated the beneficial effects of two concentrations of Concord grape juice (10% and 50%) compared with a calorically matched placebo for their effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioral and neuronal functions in aged Fischer 344 rats. Results: Rats that drank the 10% grape juice from age 19 to 21 mo had improvements in oxotremorine enhancement of K+-evoked release of dopamine from striatal slices and in cognitive performance on the Morris water maze, and the 50% grape juice, produced improvements in motor function. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to their known beneficial effects on cancer and heart disease, polyphenolics in foods may be beneficial in reversing the course of neuronal and behavioral aging, possibly through a multiplicity of direct and indirect effects that can affect a variety of neuronal parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dmarknutrition, Maynard, MA USA. RP Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.hale@tufts.edu NR 61 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 EI 1873-1244 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAR PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2005.07.016 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 020GZ UT WOS:000235898000011 PM 16412610 ER PT J AU Liebman, M Pelican, S Moore, SA Holmes, B Wardlaw, MK Melcher, LM Raidl, M Wheeler, B Haynes, GW AF Liebman, M Pelican, S Moore, SA Holmes, B Wardlaw, MK Melcher, LM Raidl, M Wheeler, B Haynes, GW TI Dietary intake-, eating behavior-, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in the 2003 Wellness IN the Rockies cross-sectional study SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body mass index; dietary intakes; soft drinks; physical activity ID RISK-FACTORS; FOOD-INTAKE; US ADULTS; OBESITY; WEIGHT; ENERGY; HUNGER AB The primary objective of the study was to assess associations between high body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake-, eating behavior-, and physical activity-related variables using follow-up cross-sectional data from Wellness IN the Rockies. Study participants were 883 men and 1030 women, aged 18 to 96 years, recruited from 6 rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. All study participants completed a questionnaire that elicited sociodemographic information, self-reported height and weight, and data related to specific dietary intakes, eating-related behaviors, and physical activity behaviors and perceptions. Prevalence of overweight (defined as a BMI >= 25kg/m(2)) in the 2003 follow-up survey was 66% in men and 56% in women, lower than the 70% (men) and 59% (women) figures reported from the 2001 baseline survey. Probability of high BMI was positively associated with specific eating habits: ordering supersized portions, eating while doing another activity, consumption of diet soft drinks, and consumption of foods from fast-food restaurants. Physical activity-related variables associated with high BMI were less frequent physical activity and the perception of not getting as much exercise as needed. The relationship between diet soft drink consumption and overweight/obesity could be because of the propensity of individuals with high BMIs to choose these beverages over regular soft drinks as a means to reduce overall energy expenditures. The finding of a relationship between greater frequency of eating while doing another activity and high BMI in both the 2001 and 2003 surveys suggests that interventions aimed at reducing this eating-related behavior could be an effective strategy for helping individuals maintain healthy body weights. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Coll Agr, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Family & Consumer Sci Human Nutr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Cooperat Extens Serv, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Div Med Educ & Publ Hlth, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA Food & Nutr Serv, Dallas, TX 75242 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Montana State Univ, Employee Wellness Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Hlth & Human Dev, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Liebman, M (reprint author), Coll Agr, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM liebman@uwyo.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.11.002 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 048PE UT WOS:000237958200002 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ AF Phillippy, BQ TI Transport of calcium across caco-2 cells in the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE inositol hexakisphosphate; phytate; calcium; Caco-2; absorption ID CA2+ CHANNEL ACTIVITY; IRON UPTAKE; PHOSPHATES; ABSORPTION; PHYTATE; MODEL; BIOAVAILABILITY; STIMULATION; INHIBITION; ZINC AB The Caco-2 enterocyte cell model was used to determine whether low concentrations of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6), phytate) may enhance calcium absorption, as was recently reported for several nonintestinal types of mammalian cells. Three-week-old Caco-2 cell layers grown in tissue culture plates with or without cell culture inserts were incubated with [Ca-45]Cl-2 to examine calcium transport or uptake, respectively. No increases in calcium uptake were observed in the presence of micromolar levels of InsP(6), whereas millimolar levels of InsP(6) gave incongruous results depending on the calcium concentration. The fractional apical-to-basolateral calcium transport was significantly inhibited (P < .05) by InsP(6) levels of 100 mu mol/L and above, but the total molar amount of calcium transported still increased with increasing concentrations of calcium. It was concluded that InsP(6) cannot enhance calcium absorption by Caco-2 cells, Caco-2 cell transport is a better indicator of calcium availability than uptake, and higher consumption of calcium may overcome the inhibition of InsP(6). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM brian_phillippy@ncsu.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.02.008 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 048PE UT WOS:000237958200007 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Bioavailability of selenium from foods SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE bioavailability; foods; human; selenium ID MAMMARY-CANCER PREVENTION; YEAST; BROCCOLI; RATS; SPECIATION; PRODUCTS; SELENATE; WHEAT; SELENOMETHIONINE; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Selenium (Se), an essential nutrient, is needed for activity of several important proteins. Additionally, the consumption of Se in amounts that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) may protect against prostate and colorectal cancer. Supplemental Se may be acquired through the diet, but Se bioavailability depends on the source. Therefore, dietary advice concerning improvement of Se intake depends on characterization of Se bioavailability from Se-containing food sources. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), AM Todd Inc, 150 Domorah Dr, Montgomeryville, PA 18936 USA. EM Finleyj2@amtodd.com NR 33 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 30 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1301/nr.2006.mar.146-151 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 022HR UT WOS:000236046700006 PM 16572602 ER PT J AU Whitmire, SL Tobin, PC AF Whitmire, SL Tobin, PC TI Persistence of invading gypsy moth populations in the United States SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE persistence; biological invasions; Allee effects; invasive species; local indicator of spatial autocorrelation ID METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NORTH-AMERICA; SPREAD; LEPIDOPTERA; DYNAMICS; EXTINCTION; PATHOGENS AB Exotic invasive species are a mounting threat to native biodiversity, and their effects are gaining more public attention as each new species is detected. Equally important are the dynamics of exotic invasives that are previously well established. While the literature reports many examples of the ability of a newly arrived exotic invader to persist prior to detection and population growth, we focused on the persistence dynamics of an established invader, the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States. The spread of gypsy moth is largely thought to be the result of the growth and coalescence of isolated colonies in a transition zone ahead of the generally infested area. One important question is thus the ability of these isolated colonies to persist when subject to Allee effects and inimical stochastic events. We analyzed the US gypsy moth survey data and identified isolated colonies of gypsy moth using the local indicator of spatial autocorrelation. We then determined region-specific probabilities of colony persistence given the population abundance in the previous year and its relationship to a suite of ecological factors. We observed that colonies in Wisconsin, US, were significantly more likely to persist in the following year than in other geographic regions of the transition zone, and in all regions, the abundance of preferred host tree species and land use category did not appear to influence persistence. We propose that differences in region-specific rates of persistence may be attributed to Allee effects that are differentially expressed in space, and that the inclusion of geographically varying Allee effects into colony-invasion models may provide an improved paradigm for addressing the establishment and spread of gypsy moth and other invasive exotic species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM whitmir3@msu.edu; ptobin@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2006 VL 147 IS 2 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00442-005-0271-5 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 011ME UT WOS:000235271600006 PM 16341893 ER PT J AU Jenkins, EJ Veitch, AM Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L AF Jenkins, EJ Veitch, AM Kutz, SJ Hoberg, EP Polley, L TI Climate change and the epidemiology of protostrongylid nematodes in northern ecosystems: Parelaphostrongylus adocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis d. dalli) SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protostrongylid; parasite; epidemiology; climate change; Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei; Protostrongylus stilesi; Ovis dalli dalli; Deroceras leave ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GASTROPOD INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; RANGIFER-TARANDUS-TARANDUS; 1ST-STAGE LARVAE; BIGHORN SHEEP; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; ELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-RANGIFERI; TERRESTRIAL SLUG; TENUIS NEMATODA; WINTER RANGE AB We describe the epidemiology of the protostrongylid parasites Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada (65 degrees N; 128 degrees,V). Peak numbers of I st-stage larvae of both parasites were shed by Dall's sheep on their winter range from March until May. In larval development experiments in the Mackenzie Mountains, peak numbers of infective 3rd-stage larvae of P. odocoilei were available in gastropod intermediate hosts in August-September. For both protostrongylids, the majority of transmission likely Occurs on the winter range, with infection of gastropods when they emerge from hibernation in spring, and infection Of Dall'S Sheep upon their return in fall. We validated a degree-day model for temperature-dependent development of larval P. odocoilei in gastropods, and applied degree-day models to describe and predict spatial and temporal patterns in development of P. odocoilei and P. stilesi in northern North America. Temperature-dependent larval development may currently limit northward range expansion of P. odocoilei into naive populations of Dall's sheep in the Arctic, but climate warming may soon eliminate Such constraints. In Subarctic regions where both P. odocoilei and P. stilesi are endemic, the length of the parasite 'growing season' (when temperatures were above the threshold for larval development) and amount of warming available for parasite development has increased over the last 50 years. Further climate warming and extension of the seasonal window for transmission may lead to amplification of parasite populations and disease Outbreaks in host populations. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Wildlife Management Environm & Nat Resources, Norman Wells, NT X0E 0V0, Canada. USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, EJ (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. EM emily.jenkins@usask.ca NR 62 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAR PY 2006 VL 132 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1017/S0031182005009145 PN 3 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 028FW UT WOS:000236473400010 PM 16332289 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Russell, WK Coast, GM Russell, DH Miller, JA Predel, R AF Nachman, RJ Russell, WK Coast, GM Russell, DH Miller, JA Predel, R TI Identification of PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides from single neurohemal organs of the stable fly and horn fly via MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry; insect; neuropeptide; periviscerokinin; CAP2b; Stomoxys calcitrans; Haematobia irritans; peptidomics ID ABDOMINAL PERISYMPATHETIC ORGANS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; NEOBELLIERIA-BULLATA; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; TOBACCO HAWKMOTH; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; FLESH FLY AB MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the complete sequences of the PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans and horn fly Haematobia irritans, insect pests of livestock. This peptidomic analysis of single neurohemal organ preparations allows the unambiguous assignment of internal Leu/Ile positions not distinguishable by previous mass spectrometric techniques. The sequences are as follows: Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-1, AGGASGLYAFPRVa; Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-2, NAKLYPVPRVa; and Haeir-PVK/CAP2b-1, AGGASGLYAFPRVa; Haeir-PVK/CAP2b-1, NAKLYPMPRVa. Both Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-1 and -2 stimulate Malpighian tubule fluid secretion in the stable fly, with EC50 values between 3 and 11 nM. The identification of these novel neuropeptides adds to our knowledge of the peptidomes of flies, and can aid in the development of neuropeptide-based control strategies of these insect pests. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Saxon Acad Sci, Res Grp Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res, 2881 FB Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR019587] NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.022 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 024XQ UT WOS:000236230200006 PM 16325965 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Strey, A Zubrzak, P Zdarek, J AF Nachman, RJ Strey, A Zubrzak, P Zdarek, J TI A comparison of the pupariation acceleration activity of pyrokinin-like peptides native to the flesh fly: Which peptide represents the primary pupariation factor? SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE flesh fly; Neobellieria bullata; Diptera; pupariation; pyrokinins; control; behavioral patterns; cuticle tanning ID SARCOPHAGA-BULLATA LARVAE; PUPARIUM FORMATION; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; FAMILY; FLIES; DIPTERA; SILKWORM AB Five native pyrokinin-like peptides (Neb-PK-1, Neb-PK-2, Neb-PVK-1, [L-9]Neb-PVK-2, [I-9]Neb-PVK-2) identified in the neuropeptidome of the flesh fly Neobellieria bullata were compared for their quantitative and/or qualitative effects on puparium formation (pupariation). In a standard pupariation bioassay, both Neb-PVK-1 and [I-9]Neb-PVK-2 proved inactive, whereas [L-9]Neb-PVK-2 demonstrated only weak activity. In contrast, both Neb-PK-1 and Neb-PK-2 demonstrated potent threshold doses, with Neb-PK-2 about 10-fold more active than Neb-PK-1. Analysis of neuromuscular activity during pupariation using a tensiometric technique demonstrates that the two native Neb-PKs accelerate the onset of immobilization and cuticular shrinkage more than motor programs associated with retraction of the anterior segments and longitudinal body contraction. It was further determined that the sensitivity of various components of the pupariation process to these peptides decreases in the following order: immobilization > cuticular shrinkage > motor program for anterior retraction > motor program for longitudinal contraction congruent to tanning of cuticle of the newly formed puparium. A paradoxical situation was observed whereby the motor programs of pupariation are temporally dissociated from actual morphogenesis of the puparium. The tensiometric data suggest that the most likely candidate for a primary pupariation factor is Neb-PK-2, rather than Neb-PK-1. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 EI 1873-5169 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.08.023 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 024XQ UT WOS:000236230200007 PM 16309790 ER PT J AU Wang, D Fraedrich, SW Juzwik, J Spokas, K Zhang, Y Koskinen, WC AF Wang, D Fraedrich, SW Juzwik, J Spokas, K Zhang, Y Koskinen, WC TI Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methyl isothiocyanate; chloropicrin; dazomet; metam-sodium; fumigation; soil gas concentration ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; BROMIDE; INDEX; DRIP AB Adequate concentration, exposure time and distribution uniformity of activated fumigant gases are prerequisites for successful soil fumigation. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate gas phase distributions of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest-tree nurseries. Concentrations of MITC and CP in soil air were measured from replicated microplots that received dazomet, metam-sodium and CP. Half of the plots were covered with high-density polyethylene tarp immediately after fumigation; the other half were not covered but received daily sprinkler irrigation for 1 week to create and maintain a water seal. The magnitude of MITC concentrations was similar between nurseries for metam-sodium in both tarp and water seal treatments and for dazomet in the tarp treatment. Consistently greater MITC and CP concentrations were found in the upper 30 cm of soil in the tarped plots compared with the water-sealed plots. Despite potential environmental and economic benefits with the water seal method, tarp covers were more reliable for achieving and maintaining higher MITC and CP concentrations and less prone to variations due to irrigation/rain, soil bulk density and other environmental conditions. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM wangd@umn.edu RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1002/ps.1164 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 026KE UT WOS:000236337000009 PM 16475238 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Heisler, GM AF Grant, RH Heisler, GM TI Effect of cloud cover on UVB exposure under tree canopies: Will climate change affect UVB exposure? SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ACTIVE RADIATION; OZONE; IRRADIANCE; TRANSMISSION; RECOVERY AB The effect of cloud cover on the amount of solar UV radiation that reaches pedestrians under tree cover was evaluated with a three-dimensional canopy radiation transport model. The spatial distribution of UVB irradiance at the base of a regular array of spherical tree crowns was modeled under the full range of sky conditions. The spatial mean relative irradiance (I-r) and erythemal irradiance of the entire below-canopy domain and the spatial mean relative irradiance and erythemal irradiance in the shaded regions of the domain were determined for solar zenith angles from 15 degrees to 60 degrees. The erythemal UV irradiance under skies with 50% or less cloud cover was not remarkably different from that under clear skies. In the shade, the actual irradiance was greater under partly cloudy than under clear skies. The mean ultraviolet protection factor for tree canopies under skies with 50% or less cloud cover was nearly equivalent to that for clear sky days. Regression equations of spatially averaged Ir as a function of cloud cover fraction, solar zenith angle and canopy cover were used to predict the variation in erythemal irradiance in different land uses across Baltimore, MD. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, NE Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rgrant@purdue.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 82 IS 2 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1562/2005-07-07-RA-604 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 036CK UT WOS:000237048300022 PM 16613503 ER PT J AU Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Burkey, KO Davison, AW Finkelstein, PL AF Neufeld, HS Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Burkey, KO Davison, AW Finkelstein, PL TI Visible foliar injury caused by ozone alters the relationship between SPAD meter readings and chlorophyll concentrations in cutleaf coneflower SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; correlation; foliar stipple; ozone; Rudbeckia laciniata; SPAD meter ID INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC OZONE; MOUNTAINS-NATIONAL-PARK; NONDESTRUCTIVE METHOD; RUDBECKIA-LACINIATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF GREENNESS; ELEVATED CO2; LEAVES; REFLECTANCE; GENOTYPES AB The ability of the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter to quantify chlorophyll amounts in ozone-affected leaves of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata) was assessed in this study. When relatively uninjured leaves were measured (percent leaf area affected by stipple less than 6%), SPAD meter readings were linearly related to total chlorophyll with an adjusted R-2 of 0.84. However, when leaves with foliar injury (characterized as a purple to brownish stipple on the upper leaf surface affecting more than 6% of the leaf area) were added, likelihood ratio tests showed that it was no longer possible to use the same equation to obtain chlorophyll estimations for both classes of leaves. Either an equation with a common slope or a common intercept was necessary. We suspect several factors are involved in altering the calibration of the SPAD meter for measuring chlorophyll amounts in visibly ozone-injured leaves, with the most likely being changes in either light absorption or scattering resulting from tissue necrosis. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Biol Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. NOAA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Neufeld, HS (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM neufeldhs@appstate.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 87 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s11120-005-9008-x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 042EM UT WOS:000237510700005 PM 16699918 ER PT J AU Mano, Y Omori, F Takamizo, T Kindiger, B Bird, RM Loaisiga, CH AF Mano, Y Omori, F Takamizo, T Kindiger, B Bird, RM Loaisiga, CH TI Variation for root aerenchyma formation in flooded and non-flooded maize and teosinte seedlings SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Editorial Material DE aerenchyma; flooding; maize; teosinte; Zea ID RADIAL OXYGEN LOSS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ZEA-MAYS L.; WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE; ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; TROPICAL MAIZE; ETHYLENE; AERATION; HYPOXIA; BARRIER AB Morphological and anatomical factors such as aerenchyma formation in roots and the development of adventitious roots are considered to be amongst the most important developmental characteristics affecting flooding tolerance. In this study we investigated the lengths of adventitious roots and their capacity to form aerenchyma in three- and four-week-old seedlings of two maize (Zea mays ssp. mays, Linn.) inbred accessions, B64 and Na4, and one teosinte, Z. nicaraguensis Iltis & Benz (Poaceae), with and without a flooding treatment. Three weeks after sowing and following a seven day flooding treatment, both maize and teosinte seedlings formed aerenchyma in the cortex of the adventitious roots of the first three nodes. The degree of aerenchyma formation in the three genotypes increased with a second week of flooding treatment. In drained soil, the two maize accessions failed to form aerenchyma. In Z. nicaraguensis, aerenchyma developed in roots located at the first two nodes three weeks after sowing. In the fourth week, aerenchyma developed in roots of the third node, with a subsequent increase in aerenchyma in the second node roots. In a second experiment, we investigated the capacity of aerenchyma to develop in drained soil. An additional three teosinte species and 15 maize inbred lines, among them a set of flooding-tolerant maize lines, were evaluated. Evaluations indicate that accessions of Z. luxurians (Durieu & Asch. Bird) and two maize inbreds, B55 and Mo20W, form aerenchyma when not flooded. These materials may be useful genetic resources for the development of flooding-tolerant maize accessions. C1 Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Nacl Agraria, REGEN, FAGRO, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Mano, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Livestock & Grassland Sci, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 3292793, Japan. EM mano@affrc.go.jp OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4268-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 041GH UT WOS:000237441800022 ER PT J AU Wang, AS Angle, JS Chaney, RL Delorme, TA Reeves, RD AF Wang, AS Angle, JS Chaney, RL Delorme, TA Reeves, RD TI Soil pH effects on uptake of Cd and Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Editorial Material DE cadmium; phytoextraction; soil pH; Thlaspi caerulescens; zinc ID METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CADMIUM UPTAKE; ZINC; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PHYTOEXTRACTION; AVAILABILITY; EXTRACTION AB For phytoextraction to be successful and viable in environmental remediation, strategies that can optimize plant uptake must be identified. Thlaspi caerulescens is an important hyperaccumulator of Cd and Zn, whether adjusting soil pH is an efficient way to enhance metal uptake by T. caerulescens must by clarified. This study used two soils differing in levels of Cd and Zn, which were adjusted to six different pH levels. Thlaspi caerulescens tissue metal concentrations and 0.1 M Sr(NO3)(2) extractable soil metal concentrations were measured. The soluble metal form of both Cd and Zn was greatly increased with decreasing pH. Lowering pH significantly influenced plant metal uptake. For the high metal soil, highest plant biomass was at the lowest soil pH (4.74). The highest shoot metal concentration was at the second lowest pH (5.27). For low metal soil, due to low pH induced Al and Mn toxicity, both plant growth and metal uptake was greatest at intermediate pH levels. The extraordinary Cd phytoextraction ability of T. caerulescens was further demonstrated in this experiment. In the optimum pH treatments, Thlaspi caerulescens extracted 40% and 36% of total Cd in the low and high metal soils, respectively, with just one planting. Overall, decreasing pH is an effective strategy to enhance phytoextraction. But different soils had various responses to acidification treatment and a different optimum pH may exist. This pH should be identified to avoid unnecessarily extreme acidification of soils. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Kent State Univ, Ashtabula, OH 44004 USA. RP Wang, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wspring@wam.umd.edu NR 58 TC 93 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s11104-005-4642-9 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 041GH UT WOS:000237441800026 ER PT J AU Arias, RS Dayan, FE Michel, A Howell, J Scheffler, BE AF Arias, RS Dayan, FE Michel, A Howell, J Scheffler, BE TI Characterization of a higher plant herbicide-resistant phytoene desaturase and its use as a selectable marker SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chloroplast signal peptide; cross-resistance; fluridone; herbicide resistance; selectable marker ID CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE; NORFLURAZON; SUPERSENSITIVITY; TRANSFORMATION; VERTICILLATA; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION AB Three natural somatic mutations at codon 304 of the phytoene desaturase gene (pds) of Hydrilla verticillata (L. f. Royle) have been reported to provide resistance to the herbicide fluridone. We substituted the arginine 304 present in the wild-type H. verticillata phytoene desaturase (PDS) with all 19 other natural amino acids and tested PDS against fluridone. In in vitro assays, the threonine (Thr), cysteine (Cys), alanine (Ala) and glutamine (Gln) mutations imparted the highest resistance to fluridone. Thr, the three natural mutations [Cys, serine (Ser), histidine (His)] and the wild-type PDS protein were tested in vitro against seven inhibitors of PDS representing several classes of herbicides. These mutations conferred cross-resistance to norflurazon and overall negative cross-resistance to beflubutamid, picolinafen and diflufenican. The T3 generation of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants harbouring the four selected mutations and wild-type pds had similar patterns of cross-resistance to the herbicides as observed in the in vitro assays. The Thr304 Hydrilla pds mutant proved to be an excellent marker for the selection of transgenic plants. Seedlings harbouring Thr304 pds had a maximum resistance to sensitivity (R/S) ratio of 57 and 14 times higher than that of the wild-type for treatments with norflurazon and fluridone, respectively. These plants exhibited normal growth and development, even after long-term exposure to herbicide. As Thr304 pds is of plant origin, it could become more acceptable than other selectable markers for use in genetically modified food. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, MSA Genom Lab, CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 4 IS 2 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00179.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 012RZ UT WOS:000235358300010 PM 17177802 ER PT J AU Bortiri, E Chuck, G Vollbrecht, E Rocheford, T Martienssen, R Hake, S AF Bortiri, E Chuck, G Vollbrecht, E Rocheford, T Martienssen, R Hake, S TI ramosa2 encodes a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY domain protein that determines the fate of stem cells in branch meristems of maize SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; KNOX GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RICE CHROMOSOME-1; RESPONSE-FACTOR; ROOT-FORMATION; GENOME; FAMILY; SEQUENCE; MEMBER AB Genetic control of grass inflorescence architecture is critical given that cereal seeds provide most of the world's food. Seeds are borne on axillary branches, which arise from groups of stem cells in axils of leaves and whose branching patterns dictate most of the variation in plant form. Normal maize (Zea mays) ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. The ramosa2 (ra2) mutant of maize has increased branching with short branches replaced by long, indeterminate ones. ra2 was cloned by chromosome walking and shown to encode a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY domain transcription factor. ra2 is transiently expressed in a group of cells that predicts the position of axillary meristem formation in inflorescences. Expression in different mutant backgrounds places ra2 upstream of other genes that regulate branch formation. The early expression of ra2 suggests that it functions in the patterning of stem cells in axillary meristems. Alignment of ra2-like sequences reveals a grass-specific domain in the C terminus that is not found in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ra2-dm allele suggests this domain is required for transcriptional activation of ra1. The ra2 expression pattern is conserved in rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and maize, suggesting that ra2 is critical for shaping the initial steps of grass inflorescence architecture. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept,Plant Gene Express Ct, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept,Plant Gene Express Ct, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu NR 53 TC 116 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1105/tpc.105.039032 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000236004900007 PM 16399802 ER PT J AU Long, SP Zhu, XG Naidu, SL Ort, DR AF Long, SP Zhu, XG Naidu, SL Ort, DR TI Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields? SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE photorespiration; harvest index; global change; global food supply; Rubisco; plant canopy architecture; genetic transformation; plant breeding; crop improvement; yield potential ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; GRASS ECHINOCHLOA-POLYSTACHYA; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ELEVATED CO2; STIMULATES PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN AB The yield potential (Y(p)) of a grain crop is the seed mass per unit ground area obtained under optimum growing conditions without weeds, pests and diseases. It is determined by the product of the available light energy and by the genetically determined properties: efficiency of light capture (epsilon(i)), the efficiency of conversion of the intercepted light into biomass (epsilon(c)) and the proportion of biomass partitioned into grain (eta). Plant breeding brings eta and epsilon(i) close to their theoretical maxima, leaving epsilon(c), primarily determined by photosynthesis, as the only remaining major prospect for improving Y(p). Leaf photosynthetic rate, however, is poorly correlated with yield when different genotypes of a crop species are compared. This led to the viewpoint that improvement of leaf photosynthesis has little value for improving Y(p). By contrast, the many recent experiments that compare the growth of a genotype in current and future projected elevated [CO(2)] environments show that increase in leaf photosynthesis is closely associated with similar increases in yield. Are there opportunities to achieve similar increases by genetic manipulation? Six potential routes of increasing epsilon(c) by improving photosynthetic efficiency were explored, ranging from altered canopy architecture to improved regeneration of the acceptor molecule for CO(2). Collectively, these changes could improve epsilon(c) and, therefore, Y(p) by c. 50%. Because some changes could be achieved by transgenic technology, the time of the development of commercial cultivars could be considerably less than by conventional breeding and potentially, within 10-15 years. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 97 TC 430 Z9 473 U1 18 U2 203 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01493.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 022AC UT WOS:000236026000001 PM 17080588 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Phillips, N Bond, BJ AF Ryan, MG Phillips, N Bond, BJ TI The hydraulic limitation hypothesis revisited SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon limitation; forest production; hydraulic conductance; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance to water vapor; tree; tree height limit; turgor pressure ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS; CANOPY LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORWAY SPRUCE STANDS; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; LEAF-AREA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PICEA-ABIES AB We proposed the hydraulic limitation hypothesis (HLH) as a mechanism to explain universal patterns in tree height, and tree and stand biomass growth: height growth slows down as trees grow taller, maximum height is lower for trees of the same species on resource-poor sites and annual wood production declines after canopy closure for even-aged forests. Our review of 51 studies that measured one or more of the components necessary for testing the hypothesis showed that taller trees differ physiologically from shorter, younger trees. Stomatal conductance to water vapour (g(s)), photosynthesis (A) and leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K-L) are often, but not always, lower in taller trees. Additionally, leaf mass per area is often greater in taller trees, and leaf area:sapwood area ratio changes with tree height. We conclude that hydraulic limitation of gas exchange with increasing tree size is common, but not universal. Where hydraulic limitations to A do occur, no evidence supports the original expectation that hydraulic limitation of carbon assimilation is sufficient to explain observed declines in wood production. Any limit to height or height growth does not appear to be related to the so-called age-related decline in wood production of forests after canopy closure. Future work on this problem should explicitly link leaf or canopy gas exchange with tree and stand growth, and consider a more fundamental assumption: whether tree biomass growth is limited by carbon availability. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect RD, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 100 TC 256 Z9 272 U1 17 U2 103 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01478.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 022AC UT WOS:000236026000005 PM 17080592 ER PT J AU Baek, KH Skinner, DZ AF Baek, KH Skinner, DZ TI Differential mRNA stability to endogenous ribonucleases of the coding region and 3 ' untranslated regions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) manganese superoxide dismutase genes SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE manganese superoxide dismutase; multigene family; Quantitative real time PCR; RNA secondary structure; RNA stability; wheat ID CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; RAPID DECAY; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; PLANTS; QUANTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIA; DEGRADATION AB The sequences of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were found to be quite variable with different predicted thermostabilities. The degradation rates of the 3' UTR variants and the coding region were measured following exposure to endogenous nucleases. The degradation rates of the 3' UTR variants for 15 min were not significantly different, meaning the degradation rates of the 3' UTR variants were not directly related to the thermostabilities. However, the degradation rate of the coding region was significantly faster than those of the 3' UTR variants. Further investigation revealed the coding region seemed to have specific sites for degradation, indicating a possibility of increasing MnSOD expression by the degradation site alteration. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0046-9 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 013XB UT WOS:000235442200008 PM 16240120 ER PT J AU Baek, KH Skinner, DZ AF Baek, KH Skinner, DZ TI Differential expression of manganese superoxide dismutase sequence variants in near isogenic lines of wheat during cold acclimation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; manganese superoxide dismutase; multigene family; quantitative real-time PCR; wheat ID REAL-TIME PCR; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS TOLERANCE; RNA STABILITY; QUANTIFICATION; DETERMINANT; ANTIOXIDANT; TRANSCRIPTS AB Numerous sequence variants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes have been found. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of three MnSOD genes distinguished by a variable amino acid, and three genes distinguished by sequence variation in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR), in wheat plants grown at 20 degrees C and cold-acclimated for 1-4 weeks at 2 degrees C. The amino acid variants did not differ significantly in expression levels, however, differential expression of genes differing in the 3' UTR was observed. Diploid wheat-related species also carried sequence variants of MnSOD, with differing levels of expression, suggesting diversification of the MnSOD gene family occurred prior to the polyploidization events of hexaploid wheat. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAR PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00299-005-0073-6 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 020IX UT WOS:000235903300009 PM 16308702 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, F Garces, S Koch-Dean, M Ray, S Lewers, K Maas, J Smith, BJ AF Hammerschlag, F Garces, S Koch-Dean, M Ray, S Lewers, K Maas, J Smith, BJ TI In vitro response of strawberry cultivars and regenerants to Colletotrichum acutatum SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; disease resistance; Fragaria x ananassa; somaclonal variation; tissue-culture induced variants ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; CULTURES; CALLUS; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; PRUNI AB Diseases affecting strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) have been of major concern in recent years because of their widespread occurrence and potential for yield loss. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum, is one of the most serious diseases of strawberry worldwide. Tissue-culture induced (somaclonal) variation provides one strategy for generating disease-resistant genotypes. As part of a program to generate strawberry germplasm resistant to anthracnose, an in vitro screening system was used to evaluate several commercial cultivars, Chandler, Delmarvel, Honeoye, Latestar, Pelican and Sweet Charlie propagated in vitro, and shoots regenerated from leaf explants of these cultivars for resistance to C.acutatum isolate Goff (highly virulent). Regenerants with increased levels of resistance were identified from all of the cultivars. The greatest increases in disease resistance were observed for regenerants from leaf explants of cultivars Pelican and Chandler that exhibited 17.5- and 6.2-fold increases in resistance, respectively. The highest levels of anthracnose resistance (2 to 6% leaf necrosis) were exhibited by regenerants from explants of cultivars Pelican and Sweet Charlie. These studies suggest that generating somaclonal variation may be a viable approach to obtaining strawberry plants with increased levels of anthracnose resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Hammerschlag, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hammersf@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s11240-005-9027-5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 034TG UT WOS:000236952900001 ER PT J AU Padilla, IMG Golis, A Gentile, A Damiano, C Scorza, R AF Padilla, IMG Golis, A Gentile, A Damiano, C Scorza, R TI Evaluation of transformation in peach Prunus persica explants using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation; genetic engineering; marker genes; regeneration; selection; tree fruit ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SHOOTY MUTANT STRAIN; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; REGENERATION; PROMOTERS; DOMESTICA; TUMEFACIENS AB To determine the optimum conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, peach explants including cotyledons, embryonic axes and hypocotyl slices from non-germinated seeds and epicotyl internode slices from germinating seeds were exposed to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation treatments. The GUS (uidA) marker gene was tested using two different A. tumefaciens strains, three plasmids and four promoters [CaMV35s, (Aocs)3AmasPmas ("super-promoter"), mas-CaMV35s, and CAB]. GFP was tested with six A.tumefaciens strains, one plasmid (pLC101) and the doubleCaMV35s (dCaMV35s) promoter. The CaMV35s promoter produced more GUS expression than the CAB promoter. A. tumefaciens strains EHA105 and LBA4404 harboring the same plasmid (pBIN19) differed in their effects on GUS expression suggesting an interaction between A. tumefaciens strain and plasmid. A combination of A. tumefaciens EHA105, plasmid pBIN19 and the CaMV35s promoter produced the highest rates of transformation in peach epicotyl internodes (56.8%), cotyledons (52.7%), leaves (20%), and embryonic axes (46.7%) as evaluated by the percentage of explants expressing GUS 14 days after co-cultivation. GFP expression under the control of the dCaMV35s promoter was highest for internode explants but only reached levels of 18-19%. When GFP-containing plasmid pCL101 was combined with each of five A. tumefaciens strains the highest levels of transformation were 20-21% (internode and cotyledons, respectively). When nine peach genotypes were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 and GFP-containing plasmid pCL101 the highest levels of transformation were 26-28% (cotyledons and internodes, respectively). While GFP represents a potentially useful transformation marker that allows the non-destructive evaluation of transformation, rates of GFP transformation under the conditions of this study were low. It will be necessary to optimize expression of this marker gene in peach. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. Res Inst Pomol & Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland. ISF, Dept Propagat, Rome, Italy. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), CSIC, Estac Expt Mayora, Malaga, Spain. EM rscorza@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s11240-005-9039-1 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 034TG UT WOS:000236952900008 ER PT J AU Schillinger, WF Paulitz, TC AF Schillinger, WF Paulitz, TC TI Reduction of Rhizoctonia bare patch in wheat with barley rotations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; SOLANI AG-8; TAKE-ALL; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; CROP-ROTATION; WINTER-WHEAT; TILLAGE; FERTILIZER AB Rhizoctonia bare patch caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 is a major fungal root disease in no-till cropping systems. In an 8-year experiment comparing various dryland no-till cropping systems near Ritzville, WA, Rhizoctonia bare patch first appeared in year 3 and continued unabated through year 8. Crop rotation had no effect on bare patch during the first 5 years. However, from years 6 to 8, both soft white and hard white classes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 2-year rotation with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) had an average of only of total land area with bare patches compared with 15% in continuous annual soft white wheat or hard white wheat (i.e., monoculture wheat). In years 6 to 8, average grain yield of both soft white wheat and hard white wheat were greater (P < 0.001) when grown in rotation with barley than in monoculture. Although both classes of wheat had less bare patch area and greater grain yield when grown in rotation with barley, monoculture hard white wheat was more severely affected by Rhizoctonia than soft white wheat. Soil water levels were higher in bare patches, indicating that roots of healthy cereals did not grow into or underneath bare patch areas. This is the first documentation of suppression of Rhizoctonia bare patch disease in low-disturbance no-till systems with rotation of cereal crops. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schillinger, WF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn,POB B, Lind, WA 99341 USA. EM schillw@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803; Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0302 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000009 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Larsen, RC Hughes, TJ AF Vandemark, GJ Larsen, RC Hughes, TJ TI Heritability of resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ALBO-ATRUM; FORAGE YIELD; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; VERTUS ALFALFA; IMPACT; CONTAMINATION; CULTIVARS; SELECTION; DENSITY; LUCERNE AB Verticillium wilt of alfalfa, caused by Verticillium albo-atrum, may reduce forage yields by up to 50% in alfalfa-producing areas of the northern United States and Canada. It has been suggested that cultivars require at least 60% resistant plants to afford maximum protection against disease. Our objective was to calculate heritability estimates of resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa. Estimates were generated for two alfalfa populations developed from the cvs. Affinity + Z and Depend + EV Heritability on a half-sib progeny means basis was calculated based on data from greenhouse pathogenicity tests. Estimates based on repeated experiments conducted for single years (2004 and 2005) were high for both populations, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92. The heritability estimate based on data collected over 2 years was 0.26 for Affinity + Z and 0.66 for Depend + EV Disease was more severe in 2005 than in 2004. However, the Spearman rank correlation between mean disease severity index values for half-sib families over 2 years was positive and significant for both populations. Results of pathogenicity tests suggested that neither cultivar had resistance levels approaching 60%. The heritability estimates suggest that resistance levels in both Affinity + Z and Depend + EV could be improved further through selection. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0314 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000011 ER PT J AU Menclas, B Block, CC Esker, PD Nutter, FW AF Menclas, B Block, CC Esker, PD Nutter, FW TI Quantifying the feeding periods required by corn flea beetles to acquire and transmit Pantoea stewartii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Chaetocnema pulicaria ID HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; ERWINIA-STEWARTII; BACTERIAL WILT; SWEET CORN; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; SEED; DISEASE; MAIZE; POPULATIONS; INFECTION AB The feeding periods required by corn flea beetles to acquire and transmit Pantoea stewartii were investigated in the Stewart's disease of corn pathosystem. To quantity the effect of acquisition feeding period on percentage of acquisition, field-collected corn beetles were allowed to feed for 6, 12, 24 36, 48, and 72 h on corn seedlings previously inoculated with a rifaillpicin- and nalidixic acid-restraint strain of P. stewartii. Acquisition of P. stewartii by corn flea beetles was considered positive if the rifampicin- and nalidixic acid-marked strain was recovered oil selective media. To quantity the effect of transmission feeding period oil percent transmission of P. stewartii by corn flea beetles, P. stewartii-infested corn flea beetles were allowed to feed oil healthy corn seedlings for periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. After the appropriate transmission feeding period, leaf tissues surrounding the sites of feeding scars were cultured for the presence of the P. stewartii-marked strain. Transmission of P. stewartii was considered positive if the marked strain was recovered on selective media. Acquisition of P. stewartii occurred within 6 h and the percentage of corn flea beetles that had acquired P. stelvartii after 72 h ranged from 68 to 94%. The change in P. stewartii acquisition by corn flea beetles (Y) with respect to acquisition feeding period (X) was best described by the Gompertz model, with R-2 values ranging from 91 to 99%. The mean time for acquisition by 50% of the corn flea beetles was 36.5 +/- 11.6 h. The minimum transmission feeding time required for corn flea beetles to transmit P. stewartii following a 48-h acquisition feeding period was less than 3 h. The percent transmission of P. stewortii. by corn flea beetles was nearly 100% after a 48-h transmission feeding period and was 100% by 72 h. Among population growth models evaluated, the monomolecular model best described the relationship between percent transmission (Y) and transmission feeding periods (X), with R-2 values of up to 84%. However, a nonlinear form of the monomolecular model better quantified the relationship between percent transmission and transmission feeding period, because pseudo-R-2 values ranged between 98.1 and 99.5%. The predicted transmission feeding time required for 50% of P. stewartii-infested corn flea beetles to transmit the pathogen was 7.6 +/- 0.87 h. These results suggest that the corn flea beetle is a highly efficient vector that can quickly acquire and transmit P. stewartii, thereby requiring insecticide seed treatments and foliar insecticides that act quickly to prevent corn flea beetles from acquiring and transmitting P. stewartii to corn plants. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nutter, FW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fwn@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0319 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000012 ER PT J AU Funnell, DL Pedersen, JF AF Funnell, DL Pedersen, JF TI Reaction of sorghum lines genetically modified for reduced lignin content to infection by Fusarium and Alternaria spp. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bmr-6; bmr-12; Fusarium verticillioides; grain mold ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SECTION LISEOLA; FORAGE SORGHUM; SEED QUALITY AB Two genes conferring the brown midrib (bmr) trait had been backcrossed into six elite sorghum lines, resulting in reduced lignin in the bmrlines when compared with the wild-type parent. Seed and leaf tissue from field-grown plants, planted at two locations, were screened for Alternaria spp. and Fusaritan spp. on semi-selective media. The results suggest that bmr lines do not have increased susceptibility to colonization by Alternaria spp. However, significantly fewer colonies of Fitsarium spp., including Fusarium moniliforme, were recovered from seed of reduced lignin lines from two genetic backgrounds. That the bmr trait in some genetic backgrounds might enable increased resistance to colonization by F moniliforme was further supported by Greenhouse experiments in which peduncles of developing heads were inoculated with F monilifornie. Mean lesion measurements on bmr lines were significantly lower than those resulting-from inoculations on wild-type lines. Analysis of near-isogenic lines revealed that mean lesion lengths on bmr lines were significantly less than those produced on their wild-type counterparts in four of the six genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that reduced linin lines exhibit, in some cases, increased resistance to Fusarium spp., including F. moniliforme. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dfunnell@unlserve.unl.edu NR 81 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0331 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000014 ER PT J AU Timper, P Wilson, JP AF Timper, P Wilson, JP TI Root-knot nematode resistance in pearl millet from West and East Africa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Southern root-knot nematode ID SORGHUM-SUDANGRASS HYBRIDS; BURKINA-FASO; MELOIDOGYNE; LANDRACES AB Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita is important to provide stability to pearl millet production and to reduce nematode populations that can damage crops grown in rotation with pearl millet, The objectives of this study were to determine whether resistance to M. incognita exists in pea millet from West and East Africa, and to determine if heterogeneity for resistance exists within selected cultivars. Resistance was assessed as nematode egg production per grain of root in greenhouse trials. Seventeen pearl millet cultivars of diverse origin were evaluated as bulk (S-0) populations. All African cultivars expressed some level of resistance. P3Kollo was among the least resistant of the African cultivars, Zongo and Gwagwa were intermediate, and SoSat-C88 was among the most resistant. Thirty selfed (S-1) progeny selections from SoSat-C88, Gwagwa. Zongo, and P3Kollo were evaluated for heterogeneity of resistance within cultivar. Reactions were verified in 13 S-2 progeny of each of the four cultivars. In S-2 evaluations, each of these cultivars was heterogeneous for resistance. Progeny reaction varied from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Patterns of apparent segregation of resistance varied among the four cultivars. Discreet resistant and susceptible phenotypes were identified in Zongo progeny, and it was estiinated that two dominant genes for resistance segregated in this cultivar. Averaged across progenies, egg production on the four cultivars was less (P <= 0.001) than on the susceptible hybrid HGM-100, but was not different from resistant hybrid TifGrain 102. Reproduction of M. incognita on the S-2 progeny tended to confirm the results from inoculations of S-1 progeny. Heritability of nematode reproduction (standardized as the ratio of the value to HGM-100) determined by parent-offspring regression was 0.54. Realized heritability determined by divergent selection was 0.87. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ptimper@tifton.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0339 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000015 ER PT J AU Secor, GA Lee, IM Bottner, KD Rivera-Varas, V Gudmestad, NC AF Secor, GA Lee, IM Bottner, KD Rivera-Varas, V Gudmestad, NC TI First report of a defect of processing potatoes in Texas and Nebraska associated with a new phytoplasma. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Secor, GA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 377 EP 377 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0377B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000027 ER PT J AU Pappu, HR Hellier, BC Dugan, FM AF Pappu, HR Hellier, BC Dugan, FM TI Wild Allium spp. as natural hosts of Iris yellow spot virus. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pappu, HR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 378 EP 378 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0378A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000029 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Simmons, AM Hassell, RL Keinath, AP Polston, JE AF Ling, KS Simmons, AM Hassell, RL Keinath, AP Polston, JE TI First report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in South Carolina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 379 EP 379 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0379C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000034 ER PT J AU Harmon, CL Harmon, PF Mueller, TA Marois, JJ Hartman, GL AF Harmon, CL Harmon, PF Mueller, TA Marois, JJ Hartman, GL TI First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi telia on kudzu in the United States. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Florida, So Plant Diagnost Network, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Quincy, FL USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Harmon, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, So Plant Diagnost Network, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 380 EP 380 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0380C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000037 ER PT J AU Irey, M Adkins, S Baker, CA AF Irey, M Adkins, S Baker, CA TI Clover yellow vein virus identified in Ammi majus in Florida. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Irey, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 90 IS 3 BP 380 EP 380 DI 10.1094/PD-90-0380B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 015XY UT WOS:000235586000036 ER PT J AU Kadaru, SB Yadav, AS Fjellstrom, RG Oard, JH AF Kadaru, Suresh B. Yadav, Anirudh S. Fjellstrom, Robert G. Oard, James H. TI Alternative ecotilling protocol for rapid, cost-effective single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and genotyping in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Editorial Material DE alk and waxy genes; ecotilling method; rice (Oryza sativa L.); single-nucleotide polymorphism ID INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; PRIMER EXTENSION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; GLUTINOUS RICE; GENE; DNA; ALLELE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; NUCLEASE AB Ecotilling is a high-throughput method of discovery and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in natural populations, but it requires a substantial investment in sophisticated equipment, costly reagents, and specialized software programs and implementation of several time-consuming steps that limit its use in laboratories with modest financial resources. Moreover, labeling efficiency of PCR primers with fluorescent dyes during Ecotilling can be reduced by unwanted exonuclease activity of single strand-specific nucleases. A new alternative protocol involving a simplified get system, unlabeled primers, DNA staining after single strand-specific nuclease digestion, and standard gel data analysis was optimized to address these constraints. Using this alternative protocol, we successfully identified four new SNPs verified by sequencing in a collection of 57 diverse rice accessions along with 2 previously reported SNPs in a 922-bp DNA region from the alk gene. An SNP cluster containing a deletion within a 472-bp fragment of the waxy gene was also characterized. In addition, 4 previously reported SNPs in the alk and waxy genes were faithfully genotyped among the 57 accessions based on comparisons with sequencing results. Associations between the genotyped SNPs and amylose class and starch gelatinization temperature were as anticipated. These results, along with detailed time and cost comparisons between the 2 methods, suggest that alternative Ecotilling is a simple and reproducible method for SNP discovery and genotyping in rice that leads to substantial savings in equipment, reagents, software, and time compared with the standard Ecotilling procedure. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Govt MVM, Dept Bot, Bhopal 16, MP, India. RP Oard, JH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM joard@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 39 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1007/BF02914042 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 099NJ UT WOS:000241601400001 ER PT J AU Thilmony, R Guttman, M Chiniquy, D Blechl, A AF Thilmony, Roger Guttman, Mara Chiniquy, Dawn Blechl, Ann TI pGPro1, a novel binary vector for monocot promoter characterization SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Act1; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; beta-glueuronidase; binary vector; enhanced GFP; pGreen; promoter ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MULTIPLE COMPLEX PATTERNS; BACKBONE SEQUENCES; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; RICE PLANTS; DNA; GENOME; INTEGRATION AB Promoter analyses can be compromised by interactions between the test promoter and those driving the expression of other genes within the same construct. Our laboratory is engaged in identifying and characterizing promoters that will be useful in controlling transgene expression in monocot crops. For this purpose, we have built the pGProl binary vector construct, a pGreen derived binary vector that contains a useful multiple cloning region allowing the creation of transcriptional or translational fusions to a gusA::enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein bifunctional reporter gene. The pGProl vector has many features that make it an efficient tool for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and most importantly, its design minimizes the potential impact the promoter/selectable marker gene cassette has on the fidelity of the expression controlled by the test promoter. We demonstrate that the pGProl T-DNA is functional in both transient expression assays in onion cells and transgenic rice plants. This new binary vector will be a useful tool for characterizing promoter function in transgenic monocot plants. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Thilmony, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM thilmony@pw.usda.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF02914046 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 099NJ UT WOS:000241601400005 ER PT J AU Kebrom, TH Burson, BL Finlayson, SA AF Kebrom, TH Burson, BL Finlayson, SA TI Phytochrome B represses Teosinte Branched1 expression and induces sorghum axillary bud outgrowth in response to light signals SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATE GENE-EXPRESSION; TCP DOMAIN; APICAL DOMINANCE; PROTEIN FAMILY; CIS-ELEMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS; GROWTH; TEOSINTE; ENCODES; AUXIN AB Light is one of the environmental signals that regulate the development of shoot architecture. Molecular mechanisms regulating shoot branching by light signals have not been investigated in detail. Analyses of light signaling mutants defective in branching provide insight into the molecular events associated with the phenomenon. It is well documented that phytochrome B ( phyB) mutant plants display constitutive shade avoidance responses, including increased plant height and enhanced apical dominance. We investigated the phyB-1 mutant sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) and analyzed the expression of the sorghum Teosinte Branched1 gene (SbTB1), which encodes a putative transcription factor that suppresses bud outgrowth, and the sorghum dormancy-associated gene (SbDRM1), a marker of bud dormancy. Buds are formed in the leaf axils of phyB-1; however, they enter into dormancy soon after their formation. The dormant state of phyB-1 buds is confirmed by the high level of expression of the SbDRM1 gene. The level of SbTB1 mRNA is higher in the buds of phyB-1 compared to wild type, suggesting that phyB mediates the growth of axillary shoots in response to light signals in part by regulating the mRNA abundance of SbTB1. These results are confirmed by growing wild-type seedlings with supplemental far-red light that induces shade avoidance responses. We hypothesize that active phyB (Pfr) suppresses the expression of the SbTB1 gene, thereby inducing bud outgrowth, whereas environmental conditions that inactivate phyB allow increased expression of SbTB1, thereby suppressing bud outgrowth. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Finlayson, SA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sfinlayson@tamu.edu OI Finlayson, Scott/0000-0002-5084-360X NR 48 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 140 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1104/pp.105.074856 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 019WT UT WOS:000235868900027 PM 16443694 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, TK AF Matsumoto, TK TI Genes uniquely expressed in vegetative and potassium chlorate induced floral buds of Dimocarpus longan SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE longan; flowering; SSH; differential expression ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWERING-TIME; SWEET-POTATO; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; IPOMOELIN GENE; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Potassium chlorate (KClO(3)) induced flowering of Dimocarpus longan is a highly effective method for off-season fruit production in Southeast Asia. To begin to understand the molecular basis for longan flower induction, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was used to isolate genes that are differentially expressed in vegetative buds, or in KClO(3) induced floral buds. Repetitive rounds of cDNA differential subtraction screening, followed by reverse northern, northern blot analysis and nucleotide sequence determination identified 65 unique genes differentially expressed in vegetative and floral buds. Many of the identified genes have been previously demonstrated to be associated with shoot and floral meristem in Arabidopsis, including Protodermal Factor 1 (LVFS-205), SHEPHERD (LVFS-100) and PISTILLATA (LVFS-199) homologs. These gene sequences validate the results of SSH procedure and represent new nucleotide sequences in longan. Hybridization of clones to different size transcripts that encode fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (LVFS-230), histone H3 (LVFS-44, LVFS-172), malonyl-CoA (LVFS-48) and SAM (sterile alpha motif) containing proteins (LVFS-290) suggest specific members of gene fan-Lilies or alternative splicing of RNA may be involved in longan flowering. Novel gene products not previously associated with flowering have been also identified including carbon catabolite repressor (CCR4)-associated factors (LVFS-323), SAM proteins (LVFS-290), and Notchless-like proteins (LVFS-65). These cDNA sequences represent proteins with potential regulatory roles in longan flowering (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pacific Basin Trop Plant Genet Resource Managemen, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Matsumoto, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pacific Basin Trop Plant Genet Resource Managemen, POB 4487, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM tmatsumoto@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 82 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 170 IS 3 BP 500 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.09.016 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 015VL UT WOS:000235579200010 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR AF Rath, NC Huff, WE Huff, GR TI Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humic acid; chicken; serum chemistry; organ weight; differential count ID AVIAN TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; HUMATE; SUPPLEMENTATION; OXIHUMATE; POULTRY; GROWTH AB In view of the alleged effect of humic acid (HA) on growth plate arthrosis in humans, we sought to find if poultry tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is caused by HA that can occur as a ground water contaminant. In 2 separate trials, broiler chickens were fed different concentrations of HA added to their diet for 4 and 5 wk. The effects of these treatments were measured by general health indices such as growth, feed conversion ratio, relative organ weights, blood differential count, serum chemistry, TD index, and bone biomechanical strength. Humic acid treatment decreased BW but appeared to improve feed conversion ratio. There was no effect on TD index or bone biomechanical strength in HA-treated birds compared with controls. There was no toxic effect of HA that was evident by the absence of any dramatic change in relative organ weights or other telltale signs of serum clinical chemistry that would suggest liver, muscle, or kidney dysfunction. Red blood cell, white blood cell, monocyte, and hematocrit values were not affected, but there was a decrease in blood heterophil counts and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, which was significant in 4-wk HA-treated birds. Overall these results show that HA slows down growth, but it does not have any adverse health effects on chickens. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM nrath@uark.edu NR 29 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 410 EP 414 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017OG UT WOS:000235702300007 PM 16553268 ER PT J AU Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Lee, JS Lee, SH Chung, KS AF Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Lee, JS Lee, SH Chung, KS TI Immunopotentiating effect of a Fomitella fraxinea-derived lectin on chicken immunity and resistance to coccidiosis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coccidiosis; lectin; Fomitella fraxinea; in ovo; cell-mediated immunity ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; HERB POLYSACCHARIDES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; BROILER-CHICKENS; FRUITING BODIES; TUMOR-CELLS; IN-VIVO AB This study reports a novel immunopotentiating effect of a lectin (FFrL) extracted from the mushroom Fomitella fraxinea on poultry cell-mediated immunity and poultry coccidiosis. We describe the extraction of FFrL, its in vitro mitogenic activity and in vivo protection against an oral challenge infection with Eimeria acervulina. When tested on several cell types, crude FFrL agglutinated mouse erythrocytes and thymocytes and various other cells including murine and human cell lines. However, crude FFrL did not agglutinate human erythrocytes. Crude FFrL showed a potent mitogenic activity on chicken splenic lymphocytes, and at lower concentrations it exerted stronger mitogenic activity than Concanavalin A, a well-known potent mitogen for lymphocytes. Further, FFrL significantly induced (P < 0.05) nitric oxide secretion in HD11 cells and suppressed (P < 0.05) RP9 tumor cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion. When injected into 18-d-old chicken embryos followed by a posthatch oral E. acervulina challenge infection, FFrL treatment significantly protected chickens against weight loss associated with coccidiosis (P < 0.05). Injecting embryos with FFrL also resulted in significant reduction in oocyst shedding as compared with the control saline-injected birds (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that FFrL can be an effective growth promoting and immunostimulating agent in poultry during coccidiosis. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm, Taejon 305764, South Korea. NIAST, RDA, Food Qual Evaluat, Rural Resource Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. RP Dalloul, RA (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 34 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 446 EP 451 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017OG UT WOS:000235702300013 PM 16553274 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW AF Cheng, HW TI The immunomodulatory effects of clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, in laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clonidine; adrenergic receptor; lymphocyte; chicken ID IMMUNE-SYSTEM; STIMULATION; RELEASE; RAT; NEUROENDOCRINE; ADRENOCEPTORS; NORADRENALINE; MACROPHAGES; MODULATION; ACTIVATION AB The ability of the sympathetic nervous system to regulate chicken immune function was examined. Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, was administrated at 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L in the drinking water of White Leghorn hens at 48 wk of age. The hens were randomly housed in conventional cages in pairs. Concentrations of plasma IgG (also named IgY) were detected using chicken IgG ELISA, and the percentage of subpopulations of circulating lymphocytes were analyzed using flow cytometry. Compared with controls, treated hens had higher circulating IgG levels and a greater percentage of circulating B cells (Bu-1(+) cells, P < 0.01) after 1 wk of treatment. Additionally, the percentages of CD8(+) cells were consistently higher (P = 0.07) in the treated hens compared with controls, whereas the percentages of CD4(+) cells and the ratio of CD4(+) cell to CD8(+) cell were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). These effects of clonidine on the IgG concentrations and the proportions of B-cells and CD8(+) cells were dose-related. The highest increase was found in the hens treated with 10.0 mg/L of clonidine. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is directly involved in regulating the chicken immune system via regulation of alpha-2-adrenergic receptor activations. C1 ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 452 EP 456 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017OG UT WOS:000235702300014 PM 16553275 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Dozier, WA Kidd, MT AF Corzo, A Dozier, WA Kidd, MT TI Dietary lysine needs of late-developing heavy broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amino acid; breast yield; broiler; lysine ID DEEP PECTORAL MYOPATHY; LIVE PERFORMANCE; CHICKENS; YIELDS; AGE AB Two studies were conducted to determine the response of late-developing broiler males and females to dietary Lys from 42 to 56 d of age. Hubbard Ultra Yield males and females were placed at separated ends of a floor pen broiler house and raised on common diets. At 42 d of age, broilers were then fed I of 7 gradient concentrations of dietary Lys that progressively increased by 0.07% from 0.68 to 1.10% total Lys. Regression analysis was performed to estimate dietary Lys needs in the presence of quadratic responses. Female broilers did not respond to dietary Lys for any variable measured. Gradient additions of Lys improved feed conversion linearly (P < 0.01) for male broilers. Fillet weight, tender weight, and their composite increased linearly (P < 0.05) with Lys supplementation in male broilers. Quadratic responses were exhibited by carcass yield, fillet yield, and total breast meat yield, resulting in total Lys optimization dietary levels of 0.88, 0.93, and 0.93%, respectively, in male broilers. Based on results from this study, high-yield male broilers should be fed a minimum of 0.93% total dietary Lys (0.85% calculated digestible) from 42 to 56 d of age. Lack of response by female broilers suggests that less dietary Lys may be needed for adequate growth and meat yield. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 14 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017OG UT WOS:000235702300015 PM 16553276 ER PT J AU Manfreda, G De Cesare, A Bondioli, V Stern, NJ Franchini, A AF Manfreda, G De Cesare, A Bondioli, V Stern, NJ Franchini, A TI Enumeration and identity of Campylobacter spp. in Italian broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; enumeration; broiler; rinse water; thermophilic species ID RAW CHICKEN; JEJUNI; CARCASSES; POULTRY; IDENTIFICATION; ENTERITIS; COLI; PCR; INFECTIONS; RECOVERY AB Transmission of Campylobacter to humans has been prominently associated with mishandling or improperly preparing contaminated poultry carcasses. The number of organisms per carcass represents an important measure of human exposure to the agent. Therefore, we wished to estimate this public exposure over 1 yr among Italian broiler carcasses. We sampled 213 broiler carcasses from rinse water samples collected from a single slaughterhouse. Groups of carcasses had mean processed weights ranging from 1.2 to 2.7 kg. These were produced from 22 commercial broiler chicken flocks collected from 12 different farms, 3 of which were seasonally tested. Carcasses were rinsed with sterile water, and the rinse suspension was then serially diluted and spread-plated directly onto Campy-Cefex agar plates. One to 5 typical Campylobacter colonies per plate were identified by polymerase chain reaction as Campylobacter thermo-tolerant species. The overall estimated mean count per carcass in our study was 5.16 +/- 0.80 log(10) cfu. This value increased in summer and autumn, as well as on carcasses collected from farms located >100 km far from the slaughterhouse. A total of 678 Campylobacter colonies were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The majority of isolates were classified as Campylobacter jejuni (49.2%) or Campylobacter coli (47.5%). The overall number of C. jejuni was significantly higher on 1) carcasses weighing >2 kg, 2) carcasses belonging to flocks with >10,000 birds, and 3) carcasses collected from farms located >100 km from the slaughterhouse. Moreover, among farms tested seasonally, C. jejuni was significantly greater than C. coli in winter. These data provide the first results of a continuing survey on Campylobacter loads and species identification from Italian broiler carcasses and represents an important baseline to estimate the human exposure to Campylobacter in Italy. C1 Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dept Food Sci, Bologna, Italy. ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Manfreda, G (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dept Food Sci, Bologna, Italy. EM gmanfreda@disa.unibo.it NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 85 IS 3 BP 556 EP 562 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017OG UT WOS:000235702300028 PM 16553289 ER PT J AU Yang, CH Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. Bradford, Joe M. TI Comparison of QuickBird satellite imagery and airborne imagery for mapping grain sorghum yield patterns SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE airborne imagery; grain sorghum; high resolution; QuickBird imagery; remote sensing; yield monitor; yield patterns ID VIDEO IMAGING-SYSTEM AB Timely and accurate information on crop conditions obtained during the growing season is of vital importance for crop management. High spatial resolution satellite imagery has the potential for mapping crop growth variability and identifying problem areas within fields. The objectives of this study were to use QuickBird satellite imagery for mapping plant growth and yield patterns within grain sorghum fields as compared with airborne multispectral image data. A QuickBird 2.8-m four-band image covering a cropping area in south Texas, USA was acquired in the 2003 growing season. Airborne three-band imagery with submeter resolution was also collected from two grain sorghum fields within the satellite scene. Yield monitor data collected from the two fields were resampled to match the resolutions of the airborne imagery and the satellite imagery. The airborne imagery was related to yield at original submeter, 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions and the QuickBird imagery was related to yield at 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. The extracted QuickBird images for the two fields were then classified into multiple zones using unsupervised classification and mean yields among the zones were compared. Results showed that grain yield was significantly related to both types of image data and that the QuickBird imagery had similar correlations with grain yield as compared with the airborne imagery at the 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. Moreover, the unsupervised classification maps effectively differentiated grain production levels among the zones. These results indicate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be a useful data source for determining plant growth and yield patterns for within-field crop management. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM cyang@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s11119-005-6788-0 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 071LP UT WOS:000239604000003 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Tischler, CR Jobnson, HB AF Polley, HW Tischler, CR Jobnson, HB TI Elevated atmospheric CO2 magnifies intra-specific variation in seedling growth of honey mesquite: An assessment of relative growth rates SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE genotypic variation; grassland ecology; rangeland; shrub invasion; woody encroachment ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WOODY PLANT INVASION; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; DIOXIDE; WATER; TRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE AB The shrub honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.) readily encroaches into rangelands in the southwestern United States that vary in annual rainfall by almost a factor of 5 (200 to 1 000 mm). This occurs partly because mesquite seedlings grow rapidly and become uncoupled from competition with established herbaceous vegetation. Species that occupy such a wide precipitation gradient frequently include plants that differ genetically in seedling growth rate. Whether atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment affects seedling biomass uniformly across mesquite genotypes or magnifies the expression of genetic variation in seedling growth remains unresolved. We measured the effects Of CO2 enrichment on growth of seedlings derived from 14 adult plants (open-pollinated families), 7 plants each from rangelands located near extremes of the rainfall gradient occupied by the shrub (arid southeastern New Mexico vs. mesic central Texas). Growth was measured over days 10 to 30 following emergence on well-watered seedlings in glasshouses at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (391 and 706 mu mol(.)mol(-1), respectively). Proportional responses of biomass (day 30) to CO2 enrichment varied from 1.03 to 1.74 among families. CO2 enrichment did not consistently favor the largest or fastest-growing families at ambient CO2. Rather, proportional responses of biomass to elevated CO2 were highly correlated across families with the stimulation of relative growth rate (RGR) at elevated CO2. Biomass at ambient CO2 was 19% greater, on average, in families from mesic rangeland than from and rangeland, but families from extremes of the precipitation gradient did not diverge by seedling size or response to CO2. Selection for greater RGR could augment the mean growth response of mesquite seedlings to CO2. Even in the absence of selection, CO2 enrichment could increase mesquite establishment by enhancing seedling growth and thereby exacerbate the management challenge of minimizing woody encroachment. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.2111/05-073R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700002 ER PT J AU Gillen, RL Sims, PL AF Gillen, RL Sims, PL TI Stocking rate and weather impacts on sand sagebrush and grasses: A 20-year record SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing intensity; mixed prairie ID GRAZING INTENSITY; RANGELAND; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; PLAINS AB Understanding how stocking rate or grazing intensity affects the abundance of common plant species is fundamental to the sustainable management of rangelands. We had the unique opportunity to determine the impact of stocking rate on shrub canopy cover and grass basal cover in a sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Tort.) grassland of the Southern Plains, United States. Treatments were imposed over a 20-year time span that included an entire precipitation cycle from wet to dry and back to wet conditions. From 1941 until 1951, continuous stocking treatments of 41, 53, and 82 animal-unit-days ha(-1) (AUD (.) ha(-1)) were imposed with straight-bred Hereford steers (initial weight of 213 kg +/- 11 SE) for about 320 days from mid-November to late September of the next year. From 1952 through 1961, the experimental pastures were grazed yearlong by cow-calf pairs at 45, 60, and 87 AUD (.) ha(-1). Canopy cover of shrubs and basal cover of grasses were measured by the line-intercept method in 1940, 1942, 1949, 1955, 1958, and 1961. Canopy cover of sand sagebrush was not affected by stocking rate. Individual grass species exhibited positive and negative responses to stocking rate in some years, but no grass species responded to stocking rate in a single direction over the entire length of this long-term study. Stocking rate effects were most obvious under favorable conditions of high precipitation, but these effects were absent during drought. Climatic variability and slope gradient exerted the primary controlling influences on sand sagebrush-grasslands in the Southern Great Plains when stocking rates were within the bounds tested in this study. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Gillen, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM bgillen@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.2111/05-016R1.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700004 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE Meikle, TW Fitzgerald, C AF Booth, DT Cox, SE Meikle, TW Fitzgerald, C TI The accuracy of ground-cover measurements SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial population; bare ground; color bias; ground-cover model; image analysis; point sampling; ocular estimate ID PERMANENT PLOTS; QUADRATS; VEGETATION; GRASSLANDS AB Ground cover is a key indicator of rangeland condition and influences rangeland management decisions, yet there have been few advances in ground-cover measurement methods. The advent of digital photography and automated image processing promise a revolution in the way ground cover is measured. To assess the potential for automation we compared conventional and automated methods for measuring ground cover against known artificial populations. The known populations were created from 20 nadir images of a Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) vegetation type acquired with a 5-megapixel Olympus E20 digital single lens reflex camera mounted on an aluminum camera frame at 2 m above ground level. The images were converted to color, 2-dimensional images that no longer represented real-world conditions but had known cover values and conserved a simplified form of the pattern and spatial context of the plant community. These images were then printed at 1:1 scale to a 1 x 1-m poster. Posters were evaluated for color cover under laboratory conditions using the conventional techniques of steel-point frame, laser-point frame, line-point intercept, ocular estimation, and line intercept. Photographs of the posters were measured for color cover using standard and custom-created algorithms within the VegMeasure image analysis framework, and using the Digital Grid Overlay method. Results indicate that conventional techniques had significantly greater correlation (>= 92% agreement of measured to known) than measurements from the algorithms used in the VegMeasure analysis (70%). The critical factor influencing accuracy of point-sampling methods was the area of the contact point for the given method. These findings provide an important measure of relative accuracy among methods for land managers and for researchers seeking to improve rangeland monitoring methods. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Bitterroot Restorat Inc, Corvallis, MT 59828 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Terry.Booth@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 34 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.2111/05-069R1.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700008 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Bohnert, D AF Ganskopp, D Bohnert, D TI Do pasture-scale nutritional patterns affect cattle distribution on rangelands? SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE range management; forage conditioning; diet quality; crested wheatgrass; grazing behavior ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; DIET SELECTION; QUALITY; FORAGE; SHEEP; GRASS; MAXIMIZATION; PREFERENCES; INFERENCE AB Heterogeneous distribution of ungulates about the landscape can be a particularly vexing problem for resource managers. Although livestock preferences for leaves over stems among plants and patches of herbage are well documented, effects of senescent forage (herbage supporting both green and cured materials) on cattle distribution and nutrition at pasture scales have not been investigated. Our primary objective was to determine the proportions of time cattle spent foraging within senescent and conditioned sectors (areas supporting only current season's herbage) of pastures. Other endeavors included the following: comparing velocities of foraging cattle in conditioned and senescent sectors, determining diet quality of cattle confined to conditioned and senescent treatments, and quantifying levels of forage utilization by cattle in conditioned and senescent treatments. Global positioning system collars were used to track cattle movement and activity in treated crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisher ex Link] Schultes) pastures. Over a 7-day trial, cattle were found in senescent and conditioned areas 41% and 59% of the time, respectively. When cattle were grazing, 32% of observations were in senescent sectors and 68% were in conditioned areas. With a decline in standing crop in the conditioned treatment, cattle switched to senescent herbage (73% of observations) on day 7. Standing crop was reduced by 13% to 40% in conditioned sectors and increased by 10% in senescent areas. Despite disparities in the crude protein of standing crops in senescent ((x) over bar = 6.5%) and conditioned ((x) over bar = 11.3%) treatments, cattle confined to treatment harvested diets of similar quality ((x) over bar = 13.6% CP) at turn-out. Cattle walked farther when making transitions between treatments, and walked farther each day as the trial progressed. A preference of foraging cattle for portions of pastures grazed (conditioned areas) during the previous growing season suggests that utilization patterns established by livestock are self-sustaining. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM david.ganskopp@oregonstate.edu NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.2111/04-152R1.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700009 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Panter, KE Gay, C Motteram, E Lee, ST AF Ralphs, MH Panter, KE Gay, C Motteram, E Lee, ST TI Cattle consumption of velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) in the channel scablands of eastern Washington SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birth defects; cattle grazing; poisonous plant; lupine ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE AB Certain lupines (Lupinus spp.) contain alkaloids that cause contracture-type skeletal birth defects and cleft palate ("crooked calf syndrome") when consumed by cows during the 40th to 70th day of gestation. The objective of this study was to determine when cattle graze velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl.) during its phenological development, and whether this period overlaps the critical period of gestation. Grazing studies were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in the same 100 ha pasture in eastern Washington. A second objective was addressed in 2001 to determine if cows with crooked calves consumed more lupine than cows with normal calves. Five mature Hereford cows with crooked calves at their side and 6 mature Hereford cows with normal calves grazed together for the summer. There was no difference (P = 0.17) in the amount of lupine consumed between groups, and all cows consumed some lupine. In 2002, 10 3-year-old Hereford cows with normal calves were used, and in 2003, 8 of the same cows from the 2002 study with normal calves were used. In all 3 years, cows started consuming lupine in July and August after annual grasses dried and annual forbs matured. Lupine is a deep-rooted perennial that remained green and succulent longer into the summer than the associated forages. Concentration of the teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine declined as lupine seeds shattered in late June and early July. Lupine consumption occurred during the critical period of gestation in 2 of the 3 years, but no crooked calves were produced. Apparently, the cows did not ingest sufficient amounts of anagyrine over the susceptible period of time to produce crooked calves. The management recommendation for this site is to restrict access to lupine during July when cattle begin to graze lupine and anagyrine levels may still be relatively high. Once the seeds shatter, toxicity greatly declines. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Vet, Field Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.2111/05-185R.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700011 ER PT J AU Morghan, KJR Sheley, RL Svejcar, TJ AF Morghan, KJR Sheley, RL Svejcar, TJ TI Successful adaptive management- The integration of research and management SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE decision-making; land management; public input ID STRATEGY AB Adaptive management is a way for managers to do their jobs in the face of uncertainty and learn by doing. Managers gain greater knowledge of their systems by testing different strategies during the management process. The term "adaptive management" is used often, but there is confusion about exactly what adaptive management is, and managers are hard-pressed to find any clear guidelines for implementing it. As a result, they can find the process of moving from the concept of adaptive management to the actual practice intimidating; they need a clear understanding of adaptive management before they can begin to use it. Luckily, adaptive management is not as complicated as the literature sometimes makes it appear. The process of adaptive management involves formulating questions, selecting alternative techniques to test these questions, and testing these techniques on the landscape. Care is taken to measure those system responses that best tell whether the system is moving toward site objectives, and results are fed back into the decision process. We argue that there are 2 strategies that can be used to improve the success of adaptive management. The first is to start with a simple adaptive management plan and then add complexity over time. The second is to include researchers in all stages of the process to benefit from their expertise in ecology, experimental design, and data analysis. Although adaptive management takes time, rewards include increased understanding of the system, a management program that is scientifically valid, and a management strategy tailored to a particular site. In this paper we briefly explain adaptive management and then offer a step-by-step process for developing and implementing adaptive management in small reserves or on private lands. We believe increased understanding of adaptive management will lead to its widespread use and will ensure that more people benefit from its strengths. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Morghan, KJR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM Kimberly.Morghan@oregonstate.edu NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 59 IS 2 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 027FV UT WOS:000236400700014 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Weil, RR AF Wienhold, BJ Weil, RR TI Preserving soil and crop resources by increasing cropping intensity and decreasing tillage SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEMS C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1079/RAF2005120 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600001 ER PT J AU Varvel, G Riedell, W Deibert, E McConkey, B Tanaka, D Vigil, M Schwartz, R AF Varvel, G Riedell, W Deibert, E McConkey, B Tanaka, D Vigil, M Schwartz, R TI Great Plains cropping system studies for soil quality assessment SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; tillage; no-tillage; conventional management; alternative management; soil resource ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER RECOVERY; PRECIPITATION USE EFFICIENCY; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SPRING WHEAT RESPONSE; 1ST 12 YEARS; LONG-TERM; ROTATION SYSTEMS; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Interactions between environmental conditions and management practices can significantly affect soil function. Soil quality assessments may improve our understanding of how soils interact with the hydrosphere and atmosphere. This information can then be used to develop management practices that improve the capacity of the soil to perform its various functions and help identify physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes to quantify the present state of a soil and detect changes resulting from management. In protocols established by the Great Plains cropping system network, sampling and testing procedures were selected to identify physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes responsive to management that may serve as useful indicators in assessing the effects of management on the soil resource. Eight existing long-term studies from throughout the Great Plains in the central USA were used to make these assessments because, (1) many years are required for certain soil properties to change measurably; (2) annual weather causes variation in system performance; and (3) the soil pools of interest are spatially variable. This paper includes detailed descriptions of the treatments and sites, and both long-term and short-term (1999-2002) data on precipitation, temperature, and yields for each location. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79102 USA. RP Varvel, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gvarvel1@unl.edu NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1079/RAF2005121 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600002 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Schwartz, RC Benjamin, JG Baumhardt, RL Merrill, S AF Pikul, JL Schwartz, RC Benjamin, JG Baumhardt, RL Merrill, S TI Cropping system influences on soil physical properties in the Great Plains SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE soil bulk density; dry aggregate stability; rotary sieve; aggregate size distribution; water infiltration rate; water filled pore space; soil organic carbon ID AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WHEAT-FALLOW; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; AGGREGATE STABILITY; INFILTRATION; ROTATION; SASKATCHEWAN AB Agricultural systems produce both detrimental and beneficial effects on soil quality (SQ). We compared soil physical properties of long-term conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) cropping systems near Akron, Colorado (CO); Brookings, South Dakota (SD); Bushland, Texas (TX); Fargo, North Dakota (ND); Mandan (ND); Mead, Nebraska (NE); Sidney, Montana (MT); and Swift Current, Saskatchewan (SK), Canada. Objectives were to quantify the changes in soil physical attributes in cropping systems and assess the potential of individual soil attributes as sensitive indicators of change in SQ. Soil samples were collected three times per year from each treatment at each site for one rotation cycle (4 years at Brookings and Mead). Water infiltration rates were measured. Soil bulk density (BD) and gravimetric water were measured at 0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm depth increments and water-filled pore space ratio (WFPS) was calculated. At six locations, a rotary sieve was used to separate soil (top 5 cm) into six aggregate size groups and calculate mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates. Under the CON system at Brookings, dry aggregates (> 19 mm) abraded into the smallest size class (< 0.4 mm) on sieving. In contrast, the large aggregates from the ALT system abraded into size classes between 2 and 6mm. Dry aggregate size distribution (DASD) shows promise as an indicator of SQ related to susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Aggregates from CON were least stable in water. Soil C was greater under ALT than CON for both Brookings and Mead. At other locations, MWD of aggregates under continuous crop or no tillage (ALT systems) was greater than MWD under CON. There was no crop system effect on water infiltration rates for locations having the same tillage within cropping system. Tillage resulted in increased, decreased, or unchanged near-surface BD. Because there was significant temporal variation in water infiltration, MWD, and BD, conclusions based on a single point-in-time observation should be avoided. Elevated WFPS at Fargo, Brookings, and Mead may have resulted in anaerobic soil conditions during a portion of the year. Repeated measurements of WFPS or DASD revealed important temporal characteristics of SQ that could be used to judge soil condition as affected by management. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Pikul, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jpikul@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1079/RAF2005122 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600003 ER PT J AU Mikha, MM Vigil, MF Liebig, MA Bowman, RA McConkey, B Deibert, EJ Pikul, JL AF Mikha, MM Vigil, MF Liebig, MA Bowman, RA McConkey, B Deibert, EJ Pikul, JL TI Cropping system influences on soil chemical properties and soil quality in the Great Plains SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE management practices; soil organic matter; electrical conductivity; soil acidity ID ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; CARBON; FERTILIZATION; AGGREGATE; SEQUENCE; ROTATION AB Soil management and cropping systems have long-term effects on agronomic and environmental functions. This study examined the influence of contrasting management practices on selected soil chemical properties in eight long-term cropping system studies throughout the Great Plains and the western Corn Belt. For each study, soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), particulate organic matter (POM), inorganic N, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil pH were evaluated at 0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm within conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) cropping systems for 4 years (1999-2002). Treatment effects were primarily limited to the surface 7.5 cm of soil. No-tillage (NT) and/or elimination of fallow in ALT cropping systems resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) greater SOC and TN at 0-7.5 cm within five of the eight study sites [Akron, Colorado (CO); Bushland, Texas (TX); Fargo, North Dakota (ND); Mandan, ND; and Swift Current, Saskatchewan (SK), Canada]. The same pattern was observed with POM, where POM was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at four of the eight study sites [Bushland, TX, Mandan, ND, Sidney, Montana (MT), and Swift Current, SK]. No consistent pattern was observed with soil EC and pH due to management, although soil EC explained almost 60% of the variability in soil NO3-N at 0-7.5 cm across all locations and sampling times. In general, chemical soil properties measured in this study consistently exhibited values more conducive to crop production and environmental quality in ALT cropping systems relative to CON cropping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Mikha, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Maysoon.Mikha@ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 21 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1079/RAF2005123 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600004 ER PT J AU Liebig, M Carpenter-Boggs, L Johnson, JMF Wright, S Barbour, N AF Liebig, M Carpenter-Boggs, L Johnson, JMF Wright, S Barbour, N TI Cropping system effects on soil biological characteristics in the Great Plains SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; soil biology; Great Plains; soil quality ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; AGGREGATE STABILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILLAGE; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; CARBON; MANAGEMENT AB Soil biological quality can affect key soil functions that support food production and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of management and time on soil biological quality in contrasting dryland cropping systems at eight locations in the North American Great Plains. Alternative (ALT) cropping systems were characterized by greater cropping intensity (less fallow), more diverse crop sequences, and/or reduced tillage than conventional (CON) cropping systems. Soil biological properties were assessed at depths of 0-7.5, 7.5-15, and 15-30 cm from 1999 to 2002 up to three times per year. Compared to CON, ALT cropping systems had greater microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N. ALT cropping systems also had greater water stable aggregates in the surface 7.5 cm, but only at four locations. Total glomalin (TG), an organic fraction produced by fungi associated with aggregate stability, differed only at one location (Mandan), where the ALT cropping system had 27% more TG than the CON cropping system. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were highly location dependent, but total extracted FAME tended to be higher in ALT cropping systems. Soil biological properties fluctuated over time at all locations, possibly in response to weather, apparent changes in soil condition at sampling, and the presence or absence of fallow and/or legumes in rotation. Consequently, preplant and post-harvest sampling, when weather and soil conditions are most stable, is recommended for comparison of soil biological properties among management practices. Overall, ALT cropping systems enhanced soil function through: (1) improved retention and cycling of nutrients and (2) maintenance of biodiversity and habitat, implying improved agro-ecosystem performance over time. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liebig, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM liebigm@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009; OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 53 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 27 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1079/RAF2005124 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600005 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Pikul, JL Liebig, MA Mikha, MM Varvel, GE Doran, JW Andrews, SS AF Wienhold, BJ Pikul, JL Liebig, MA Mikha, MM Varvel, GE Doran, JW Andrews, SS TI Cropping system effects on soil quality in the Great Plains: Synthesis from a regional project SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cropping systems; soil quality; crop rotation; tillage management; assessment tools ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERTILIZATION; CARBON AB Soils perform a number of essential functions affecting management goals. Soil functions were assessed by measuring physical, chemical, and biological properties in a regional assessment of conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) management practices at eight sites within the Great Plains. The results, reported in accompanying papers, provide excellent data for assessing how management practices collectively affect agronomic and environmental soil functions that benefit both farmers and society. Our objective was to use the regional data as an input for two new assessment tools to evaluate their potential and sensitivity for detecting differences (aggradation or degradation) in management systems. The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) and the agro-ecosystem performance assessment tool (AEPAT) were used to score individual soil properties at each location relative to expected conditions based on inherent soil-forming factors and to compute index values that provide an overall assessment of the agronomic and environmental impact of the CON and ALT practices. SMAF index values were positively correlated with grain yield (an agronomic function) and total organic matter (an agronomic and environmental function). They were negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration at harvest (an indicator of environmental function). There was general agreement between the two assessment tools when used to compare management practices. Users can measure a small number of soil properties and use one of these tools to easily assess the effectiveness of soil management practices. A higher score in either tool identifies more environmentally and agronomically sustainable management. Temporal variability in measured indicators makes dynamic assessments of management practices essential. Water-filled pore space, aggregate stability, particulate organic matter, and microbial biomass were sensitive to management and should be included in studies aimed at improving soil management. Reductions in both tillage and fallow combined with crop rotation has resulted in improved soil function (e.g., nutrient cycling, organic C content, and productivity) throughout the Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwienhold1@unl.edu RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 23 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1079/RAF2005125 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 012LV UT WOS:000235341600006 ER PT J AU Perozo, F Villegas, P Alvarado, I Estevez, C Rivera, S Mavarez, Y AF Perozo, F Villegas, P Alvarado, I Estevez, C Rivera, S Mavarez, Y TI Utilization of FTA (R) cards for the molecular diagnostic of Newcastle disease virus in allantoic fluid samples SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA Spanish DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; FTA (R) cards; inactivation; molecular detection ID MATRIX PROTEIN GENE; FILTER-PAPER; SUBFAMILY PARAMYXOVIRINAE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE SITE; PCR; STORAGE AB The feasibility of using FTA (R) cards (Flinders Technology Associates) for inactivation and transportation of allantoic fluid infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. Serial dilutions of allantoic fluid with a titer of 10(8.8) ELD/(50) of La-Sota strain NDV were loaded on the FTA (R) cards and analyzed after 24 hour, 7 and 14 days using reverse transcriptase-polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lowest virus concentration that could be detected from the FTA (R) cards was 10(5.8) ELD/50. The detection of the inactivated virus was possible after 14 days of virus inactivation. No virus re-isolation in embryonating eggs was possible from the cards. No negative effects of the FTA (R) card inactivation on the nucleotide sequences were observed, allowing the determination of its virulence by direct nucleotide sequencing of the F protein cleavage site, resulting in a lentogenic strain in concordance with the initial virus applied on the cards. It can be conclude that FTA (R) cards are a valid alternative for NDV sampling, inactivation and molecular diagnostic with a high degree of biosecurity. C1 Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo 4005 A, Venezuela. Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Perozo, F (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Maracaibo 4005 A, Venezuela. EM frankperozo1@latinmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 045NJ UT WOS:000237748500004 ER PT J AU Ochoa, R Erbe, EF Wergin, WP AF Ochoa, R Erbe, EF Wergin, WP TI Use of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy for identifying invasive mite species SO SCANNING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 035OZ UT WOS:000237012500027 ER PT J AU Shigaki, F Sharpley, A Prochnow, LI AF Shigaki, F Sharpley, A Prochnow, LI TI Animal-based agriculture, phosphorus management and water quality in Brazil: Options for the future SO SCIENTIA AGRICOLA LA English DT Review DE diffuse pollution; eutrophication; poultry production; swine production; surface runoff ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF PHOSPHORUS; POULTRY MANURE; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; NONPOINT POLLUTION; SOUTHERN PLAINS; CORN PRODUCTION; SURFACE RUNOFF; TILLAGE; LOSSES AB Eutrophication has become a major threat to water quality in the U.S., Europe, and Australasia. In most cases, freshwater eutrophication is accelerated by increased inputs of phosphorus (P), of which agricultural runoff is now a major contributor, due to intensification of crop and animal production systems since the early 1990s'. Once little information is available on the impacts of Brazilian agriculture in water quality, recent changes in crop and animal production systems in Brazil were evaluated in the context of probable implications of the fate of P in agriculture. Between 1993 and 2003, there was 33% increase in the number of housed animals (i.e., beef, dairy cows, swine, and poultry), most in the South Region (i.e., Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina States), where 43 and 49% of Brazil's swine and poultry production is located, respectively. Although grazing-based beef production is the major animal production system in Brazil, it is an extensive system, where manure is deposited over grazed pastures; confined swine and poultry are intensive systems, producing large amounts of manure in small areas, which can be considered a manageable resource. This discussion will focus on swine and poultry farming. Based on average swine (100 kg) and poultry weights (1.3 kg), daily manure production (4.90 and 0.055 kg per swine and poultry animal-unit, respectively), and manure P content (40 and 24 g kg(-1) for swine and poultry, respectively), an estimated 2.5 million tones of P in swine and poultry manure were produced in 2003. Mostly in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil (62%), which represent only 18% of the country's land area. In the context of crop P requirements, there was 2.6 times more P produced in manure (1.08 million tones) than applied as fertilizer (0.42 million tonnes) in South Brazil in 2003. If it is assumed that fertilizer P use represents P added to meet crop needs and accounts for P sorbed by soil in unavailable forms each year, if swine and poultry manure were to replace fertilizer, there would be an annual P surplus of 0.66 million tonnes in the South region alone. These approximations and estimates highlight that, similarly to other parts of the world, there is a potential for surplus P to quickly accumulate in certain regions of Brazil. Unless measures are developed and implemented to utilize manure P, repeated annual surpluses will create an increasingly difficult problem to solve. These measures can be grouped as source and transport management. Source management attempts to decrease dietary P, use feed additives, manure treatment and composting, as well as careful management of the rate, timing, and method of manure applications. Transport management attempts to control the loss of P in runoff from soil to sensitive waters via use of conservation tillage, buffer or riparian zones, cover crops, and trapping ponds or wetlands. These measures are discussed in the contest of Brazil's climate, topography, and land use, and how successful remediation programs may be implemented at farm and watershed level. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USP, ESALQ, Dept Soloa & Nutr Plantas, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM andrew.sharpley@ars.usda.gov NR 101 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 60 PU UNIV SAO PAOLO PI PIRACICABA PA AV PADUA DIAS 11, C P 9, PIRACICABA, SP 13418-900, BRAZIL SN 0103-9016 J9 SCI AGR JI Sci. Agric. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 63 IS 2 BP 194 EP 209 DI 10.1590/S0103-90162006000200013 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 040UI UT WOS:000237405700013 ER PT J AU Bair, NB Meyer, SE Allen, PS AF Bair, NB Meyer, SE Allen, PS TI A hydrothermal after-ripening time model for seed dormancy loss in Bromus tectorum L. SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE after-ripening; Bromus tectorum; dormancy loss; hydrothermal after-ripening time; hydrothermal time; modelling; water potential ID GERMINATION RESPONSE; THRESHOLD MODELS; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; POTENTIALS AB After-ripening, the loss of dormancy under dry conditions, is associated with a decrease in mean base water potential for germination of Bromus tectorum L. seeds. After-ripening rate is a linear function of temperature above a base temperature, so that dormancy loss can be quantified using a thermal after-ripening time (TAR) model. To incorporate storage water potential into TAR, we created a hydrothermal after-ripening time (HTAR) model. Seeds from two B. tectorum populations were stored under controlled temperatures (20 or 30 degrees C) and water potentials (-400 to -40 MPa). Subsamples were periodically removed from each storage treatment and incubated at 15 or 25 degrees C to determine germination time courses. Dormancy status (mean base water potential) was calculated from each time course using hydrothermal time equations developed for each seed collection. Seeds stored at -400 MPa did not after-ripen. At water potentials from -400 to -150 MPa, the rate of after-ripening increased approximately linearly with increasing water potential. Between -150 and -80 MPa, there was no further increase in after-ripening rate, while at -40 MPa seeds did not after-ripen and showed loss of vigour. These results suggest that the concept of critical water potential thresholds, previously shown to be associated with metabolic activity and desiccation damage in partially hydrated seeds, is also relevant to the process of after-ripening. The HTAR model generally improved field predictions of dormancy loss when the soil was very dry. Reduced after-ripening rate under such conditions provides an ecologically relevant explanation of how seeds prolong dormancy at high summer soil temperatures. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Allen, PS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM phil_allen@byu.edu NR 33 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1079/SSR2005237 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 010YV UT WOS:000235234900002 ER PT J AU Pring, DR Tang, HV Chase, CD Siripant, MN AF Pring, DR Tang, HV Chase, CD Siripant, MN TI Microspore gene expression associated with cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in sorghum SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE sorghum; cytoplasmic male sterility; restorer genes; microgametogenesis; cDNA-AFLP transcript profiling ID MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL ORF107; POLLEN MATURATION; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEIN; MICROGAMETOGENESIS; LOCALIZATION AB Gene expression associated with the restoration of fertility in sorghum lines carrying the IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm was characterized through cDNA-AFLP transcript profiling and examinations of protein product abundance of selected mitochondrial genes. Microspores from near-isogenic male-sterile, fertility-restored, and normal-cytoplasm lines in two genetic backgrounds, and from four recombinant inbred lines (RILs) differing at two fertility restorer loci, were examined. We characterized seven transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) unique to a BC7F3 fertility-restored line, four of which were eliminated in a marker-selected BC11F3. Transcripts or cDNAs of the remaining three TDFs were detected in all lines examined, indicating that the unique fragments represent alleles detected by sequence polymorphisms or by enhanced transcript abundance. The TDFs were found to be derived from the non-recurrent IS1112C male parent, and certain of the TDFs may be linked to the fertility restorer alleles, consistent with analyses of the RILs. Sequences of the TDFs showed similarity with EST's of unknown cellular function. The accumulation of mitochondrial proteins was examined in male-sterile, normal-cytoplasm, and restored BC11F3 lines. The male-sterile microspore mitochondria contained elevated levels of the nuclear-encoded alternative oxidase protein, potentially associating mitochondrial dysfunction with failed pollen development. The relative abundance of mitochondrial-encoded ATPA, ATP6 and COXII proteins, and of nuclear-encoded MnSOD, Cyt c and ALDH proteins, did not vary with cytoplasm or fertility status at the microspore stage. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pring, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 1453 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM drpg@ifas.ufl.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 19 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s00497-005-0019-8 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 018BT UT WOS:000235738500004 ER PT J AU Chow, AT Tanji, KK Gao, SD Dahlgren, RA AF Chow, AT Tanji, KK Gao, SD Dahlgren, RA TI Temperature, water content and wet-dry cycle effects on DOC production and carbon mineralization in agricultural peat soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CO2 evolution; dissolved organic carbon; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; soil organic carbon; SUVA; XAD fractionation ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PERCENT AROMATIC CARBON; AQUATIC HUMIC MATERIAL; SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; OLD FIELD SOILS; REWETTING FREQUENCY; MOISTURE-CONTENT; THM PRECURSOR; TABLE LEVELS; MATTER AB Agricultural peat soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California have been identified as an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane precursors in waters exported for drinking. The objectives of this study were to examine the primary sources of DOC from soil profiles (surface vs. subsurface), factors (temperature, soil water content and wet-dry cycles) controlling DOC production, and the relationship between C mineralization and DOC concentration in cultivated peat soils. Surface and subsurface peat soils were incubated for 60 d under a range of temperature (10, 20, and 30 degrees C) and soil water contents (0.3-10.0 g-water g-soil(-1)). Both CO2-C and DOC were monitored during the incubation period. Results showed that significant amount of DOC was produced only in the surface soil under constantly flooded conditions or flooding/non-flooding cycles. The DOC production was independent of temperature and soil water content under non-flooded condition, although CO2 evolution was highly correlated with these parameters. Aromatic carbon and hydrophobic acid contents in surface DOC were increased with wetter incubation treatments. In addition, positive linear correlations (r(2) = 0. 87) between CO2-C mineralization rate and DOC concentration were observed in the surface soil, but negative linear correlations (r(2) = 0.70) were observed in the subsurface soil. Results imply that mineralization of soil organic carbon by microbes prevailed in the subsurface soil. A conceptual model using a kinetic approach is proposed to describe the relationships between CO2-C mineralization rate and DOC concentration in these soils. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, SJVASC, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Chow, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atchow@ucdavis.edu RI yang, lixia/D-7815-2011; Chow, Alex/S-8737-2016 NR 45 TC 71 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.005 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 023WQ UT WOS:000236157300007 ER PT J AU Kuczak, CN Fernandes, ECM Lehmann, J Rondon, MA Luizao, FJ AF Kuczak, CN Fernandes, ECM Lehmann, J Rondon, MA Luizao, FJ TI Inorganic and organic phosphorus pools in earthworm casts (Glossoscolecidae) and a Brazilian rainforest Oxisol SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; Amazonia; Bactris gasipaes; Bertholletia excelsa; oxisol; pasture; secondary forest; sequential phosphorus extraction ID PONTOSCOLEX-CORETHRURUS GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; TRANSFORMATIONS; OLIGOCHAETA; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTION; NITROGEN; TRANSIT AB We compared differences in soil phosphorus fractions between large earthworm casts (Family Glossoscolecidae) and surrounding soils, i.e., Oxisols in 10 year-old upland agroforestry system (AGR), pasture (PAS), and secondary forest (SEC) in the Central Brazilian Amazon. AGR and PAS both received low-input fertilization and SEC received no fertilization. We found that earthworm casts had higher levels of organic hydroxide P than surrounding soils, whereas fertilization increased inorganic hydroxide P. Inorganic P was increased by fertilization, and organic P was increased by earthworm gut passage and/or selection of ingested materials, which increased available P (sum of resin and bicarbonate fractions) and moderately available P (sum of hydroxide and dilute acid fractions), and P fertilizer application and land-use increased available P. The use of a modified sequential P fractionation produced fewer differences between earthworm casts and soils than were expected. We suggest the use of a condensed extraction procedure with three fractions (Available P, Moderately Available P, and Resistant P) that provide an ecologically based understanding of the P availability in soil. Earthworm casts were estimated to constitute 41.0, 38.2, and 26.0 kg ha(-1) of total available P stocks (sum of resin and bicarbonate fractions) in the agroforestry system, pasture, and secondary forest, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CIAT, Cali 6713, Colombia. INPA, Dept Ecol, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Kuczak, CN (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Stop 2210,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM cnk@cornell.edu RI Kuczak Vigfusson, Christienne/C-8569-2013; Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.007 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 023WQ UT WOS:000236157300015 ER PT J AU Yu, S He, ZL Stoffella, PJ Calvert, DV Yang, XE Banks, DJ Baligar, VC AF Yu, S He, ZL Stoffella, PJ Calvert, DV Yang, XE Banks, DJ Baligar, VC TI Surface runoff phosphorus (P) loss in relation to phosphatase activity and soil P fractions in Florida sandy soils under citrus production SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phosphatase activity; phosphorus fractionation; phosphorus loss; surface runoff; sandy soils ID RELEASE; SPODOSOLS; WATER AB Phosphorus losses by surface runoff from agricultural lands have been of public concern due to increasing P contamination to surface waters. Five representative commercial citrus groves (C1-C5) located in South Florida were studied to evaluate the relationships between P fractions in soils, surface runoff P, and soil phosphatase activity. A modified Hedley P sequential fractionation procedure was employed to fractionate soil P. Soil P consisted of mainly organically- and Ca/Mg-bound P fractions. The organically-bound P (biological P, sum of organic P in the water, NaHCO3 and NaOH extracts) was dominant in the acidic sandy soils from the C2 and C3 sites (18% and 24% of total soil P), whereas the Ca/Mg-bound P (HO-extractable P) accounted for 45-60% of soil total P in the neutral and alkaline soils (C1, C4 and C5 soils). Plant-available P (sum of water and NaHCO3 extractable P fractions) ranged from 27 to 61 mg P kg(-1) and decreased in the order of C3 > C4 > C1 > C2 > C5. The mean total P concentrations (TP) in surface runoff water samples ranged from 0.51 to 2.64 mg L-1. Total P, total dissolved P (TDP), and PO43--P in surface runoff were significantly correlated with soil biological P and plant-available P forms (p < 0.01), suggesting that surface runoff P was directly derived from soil available P pools, including H2O- and NaHCO3- extractable inorganic P, water-soluble organic P, and NaHCO3- and NaOH-extractable organic P fractions, which are readily mineralized by soil microorganisms and/or enzyme mediated processes. Soil neutral (55-190 mg phenol kg(-1) 3 h(-1)) and natural (measured at soil pH) phosphatase activities (77-295 mg phenol kg 3 h were related to TP, TDP, and PO43--P in surface runoff, and plant-available P and biological P forms in soils. These results indicate that there is a potential relationship between soil P availability and phosphatase activities, relating to P loss by surface runoff. Therefore, the neutral and natural phosphatase activities, especially the natural phosphatase activity, may serve as an index of surface runoff P loss potential and soil P availability. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20704 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM zhe@mail.ifas.ufl.edu RI Yu, Shen/C-2750-2009; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI Yu, Shen/0000-0002-7543-6082; He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 38 IS 3 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.040 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 023WQ UT WOS:000236157300021 ER PT J AU Murphy, JD Johnson, DW Miller, WW Walker, RF Blank, RR AF Murphy, JD Johnson, DW Miller, WW Walker, RF Blank, RR TI Prescribed fire effects on forest floor and soil nutrients in a Sierra Nevada forest SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire harvest; forest; carbon; nutrients ID PONDEROSA PINE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; LOSSES; BURN; ASH; ESTABLISHMENT; AVAILABILITY AB The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of prescribed fire on forest floor C and nutrient content, soil chemical properties, and soil leaching in a Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi [Grev. and Balf.]) forest in the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The study included a prescribed fire and three timber harvest treatments: whole-tree (WT) thinning, cut-to-length (CTL) thinning, and no harvest (CONT). Prescribed fire resulted in significant decreases in forest floor C (-8 to -23 mg ha(-1), or 39% to 61% decrease), N (-114 to -252 kg ha(-1), or -31% to 51% decrease), S (0 to -15 kg ha(-1), or 0% to 48% decrease), and K (-3 to -45 kg ha(-1), or 12% to 51% decrease) contents but no significant change in Ca or Mg contents. In each case, the decreases were greatest in the CTL treatment, where slash accumulation before burning was greatest. Burning caused statistically significant effects on soil total nitrogen, C:N ratio, pH, water-extractable ortho-P, and water-extractable SO42- in some cases, but these effects were generally small, inconsistent among harvest treatments and horizons, and in the case of ortho-P much less than the temporal variation in both burned and unburned plots. There were no statistically significant effects of burning on total C, Bray-extractable P, bicarbonate-extractable P, and exchangeable Ca2+ K+ or Mg2+. Burning had no significant effect on soil solution pH, ortho-P, SO42-, NO3-, or NH4+ as measured by ceramic cup lysimeters and no effect on the cumulative leaching of ortho-P, NO3-, or NH4+ as measured by resin lysimeters. Burning had no effect on needle weight or nutrient contents as measured by the vector analysis. We conclude that prescribed fire had minimal effects on soils or water quality at this site, and that the most ecologically significant effect was the loss of N from the forest floor. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu NR 46 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 35 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 181 EP 199 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000193886.35336.d8 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 031IY UT WOS:000236699200001 ER PT J AU McDonald, JA Gaston, LA Jackson, SH Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM AF McDonald, JA Gaston, LA Jackson, SH Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM TI Degradation kinetics assessment for the fungicide BAS 505 in intact soil cores versus batch soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fungicides; degradation kinetics; intact cores ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA SOIL; TILL DUNDEE SOIL; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; UNSATURATED SOIL; METRIBUZIN; MOBILITY; SORPTION; ACIFLUORFEN; BENTAZON; COLUMNS AB Field degradation rates of pesticides are often different than determined in the laboratory using homogeneous soil. This project developed an intact soil core method for determining aerobic degradation rate that is intended to address such discrepancies. The fungicide BAS 505 (phenyl-U-C-14-labeled) [N-methyl-(E)-2-methoxyamino-2-(2((2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)acetamide] was applied to surface 0-7.5 cm of Ruston (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults) soil cores (triplicate and duplicate series) and homogeneous (batch) soil in biometer flasks (triplicate). Recovery was measured 12 times over the 360-day incubation. Mineralization rate in cores was initially slower than in batch soil but increased to give more (CO2)-C-14 lost by Day 360 (11% and 8% of applied, respectively). Unextractable C-14 was 21% in cores, similar to that for batch soil (18%). Recovery of BAS 505 in combined MeOH and MeOH-water extracts (HPLC-LSC analysis) after 360 days averaged 36% from cores and 57% from batch soil. Degradation rate in both systems decreased over time and could be described by Nth order kinetics but not first order. Recoveries of BAS 505 by 360 days were lower in cores, indicating faster degradation than in batch soil after long-term incubation. Lack of nutrient inputs may account for decreasing degradation rates; however, decreasing microbial activity with time was not shown by the highly variable biomass C data. Faster degradation in cores may have been due to higher microbial populations/nutrient levels in the surface soil. C1 LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA USA. BASF Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USDA ARS, WOEP, NSL, Res Stn, Oxford, MS USA. USDA ARS, SWSRU, Res Stn, Stoneville, MS USA. RP McDonald, JA (reprint author), LSU AgCtr, Dept Agron & Environm Management, Baton Rouge, LA USA. EM jmcdon8@lsu.edu OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000187375.38649.5b PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 031IY UT WOS:000236699200005 ER PT J AU Ahuja, LR Ma, LW Timlin, DJ AF Ahuja, LR Ma, LW Timlin, DJ TI Trans-disciplinary soil physics research critical to synthesis and modeling of agricultural systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MOISTURE RETENTION DATA; EFFECTIVE POROSITY DATA; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WATER-CONTENT CHANGES; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BULK-DENSITY; NO-TILL; LONG-TERM AB Synthesis and quantification of disciplinary knowledge at the whole system level, via the process models of agricultural systems, are critical to achieving improved and dynamic management and production systems that address the environmental concerns and global issues of the 21st century. Soil physicists have made significant contributions in this area in the past, and are uniquely capable of making the much-needed and exciting new contributions. Most of the exciting new research opportunities are trans-disciplinary, that is, lie on the interfacial boundaries of soil physics and other disciplines, especially in quantifying interactions among soil physical processes, plant and atmospheric processes, and agricultural management practices. Some important knowledge-gap and cutting-edge areas of such research are: (1) quantification and modeling the effects of various management practices (e.g., tillage, no-tillage, crop residues, and rooting patterns) on soil properties and soil-plant-atmosphere processes; (2) the dynamics of soil structure, especially soil cracks and biochannels, and their effects on surface runoff of water and mass, and preferential water and chemical transport to subsurface waters; (3) biophysics of changes in properties and processes at the soil-plant and plant-atmosphere interfaces; (4) modeling contributions of agricultural soils to climate change and effects of climate change on soil environment and agriculture; and (5) physical (cause-effect) quantification of spatial variability of soil properties and their outcomes, new methods of parameterizing a variable field for field-scale modeling, and new innovative methods of aggregating output results from plots to fields to larger scales. The current status of the various aspects of these research areas is reviewed briefly. The future challenges are identified that will require both experimental research and development of new concepts, theories, and models. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Laj.Ahuja@ars.usda.gov NR 216 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0207 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100001 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA AF Nemes, A Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA TI Use of the nonparametric nearest neighbor approach to estimate soil hydraulic properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; WATER-RETENTION; STOCHASTIC GENERATION; MODEL; STREAMFLOW; DISAGGREGATION; CONDUCTIVITY; MULTIVARIATE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION AB Nonparametric approaches are being used in various fields to address classification type problems, as well as to estimate continuous variables. One type of the nonparametric lazy learning algorithms, a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm has been applied to estimate water retention at -33- and -1500-kPa matric potentials. Performance of the algorithm has subsequently been tested against estimations made by a neural network (NNet) model, developed using the same data and input soil attributes. We used a hierarchical set of inputs using soil texture, bulk density (D.), and organic matter (OM) content to avoid possible bias toward one set of inputs, and varied the size of the data set used to develop the NNet models and to run the k-NN estimation algorithms. Different 'design-parameter' settings, analogous to model parameters have been optimized. The kNN technique showed little sensitivity to potential suboptimal settings in terms of how many nearest soils were selected and how those were weighed while formulating the output of the algorithm, as long as extremes were avoided. The optimal settings were, however, dependent on the size of the development/reference data set. The nonparametric k-NN technique performed mostly equally well with the NNet models, in terms of root-mean-squared residuals (RMSRs) and mean residuals (MRs). Gradual reduction of the data set size from 1600 to 100 resulted in only a slight loss of accuracy for both the k-NN and NNet approaches. The k-NN technique is a competitive alternative to other techniques to develop pedotransfer functions (PTFs), especially since redevelopment of PTFs is not necessarily needed as new data become available. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM anemes@hydrolab.arsusda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 49 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0128 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100002 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Martens, DA AF McLain, JET Martens, DA TI Moisture controls on trace gas fluxes in semiarid riparian soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; GREENHOUSE GASES; DRY SOIL; EMISSIONS; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION; RESPIRATION; GRASSLAND AB Variability in seasonal soil moisture (SM) and temperature (T) can alter ecosystem/atmosphere exchange of the trace gases carbon dioxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). This study reports the impact of year-round SM status on trace gas fluxes in three semiarid vegetation zones, mesquite (30 g organic C kg(-1) soil), open/ forb (6 g organic C kg(-1) soil), and sacaton (18 g organic C kg(-1) soil) from July 2002-September 2003 in southeastern Arizona. Carbon dioxide and N2O emissions were highly dependent on available SM and T. During the heavy rains of the 2002 monsoon (238 mm total rainfall), large differences in soil C content did not correlate with variations in CO2 production, as efflux averaged 235.6 +/- 39.5 mg CO2 m(-2) h(-1) over all sites. In 2003, limited monsoon rain (95 mm total rainfall) reduced CO2 emissions by 19% (mesquite), 40% (open), and 30% (sacaton), compared with 2002. Nitrous oxide emissions averaged 21.1 +/- 13.4 (mesquite), 2.1 +/- 4.4 (open), and 3.9 +/- 5.2 mu g N2O m(-2) h(-1) (sacaton) during the 2002 monsoon. Limited monsoon 2003 rainfall reduced N2O emissions by 47% in the mesquite, but N2O production increased in the open (55%) and sacaton (5%) sites. Following a dry winter and spring 2002 (15 mm total rainfall), premonsoon CH, consumption at all sites was close to zero, but following monsoon moisture input, the CH4 sink averaged 26.1 +/- 6.3 tLg CH4 m(-1) h(-1) through April 2003. Laboratory incubations showed potentials for CH4 oxidation from 0 to 45 cm, suggesting that as the soil surface dried, CH, oxidation activity shifted downward in the sandy soils. Predicted climate change shifts in annual precipitation from one dominated by summer monsoon rainfall to one with higher winter precipitation may reduce soil CO, and N2O emissions while promoting CH4 oxidation rates in semiarid riparian soils of the Southwest, potentially acting as a negative feedback for future global warming. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jmelain@uswcl.ars.ag.gov NR 51 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 31 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0105 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100006 ER PT J AU Sadowsky, MJ Koskinen, WC Seebinger, J Barber, BL Kandeler, E AF Sadowsky, MJ Koskinen, WC Seebinger, J Barber, BL Kandeler, E TI Automated robotic assay of phosphomonoesterase activity in soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RHIZOSPHERE; EXTRACTION; DIVERSITY; QUALITY AB Phosphorus cycling in most ecosystems is dependent on plant and microbiologically derived phosphatase enzymes, and available P limits both microbial and plant growth. Measurements of enzymes in soil systems are often time-consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we examined phosphomonoesterase activity in soils using a Zymark XP laboratory robotic system for soil handling, solvent addition and exchange, filtration, incubation, reagent addition, and final sample preparation. Phosphomonoesterase activity was measured using phenyl phosphate as substrate, and samples were analyzed using a 96-well microplate reader. Results indicated that our robotic system was capable of effectively measuring phosphomonoesterase activity in soils differing in physical and chemical characteristics. The results obtained using manual and robotic procedures were comparable in accuracy and precision. The robotic system decreased labor associated with this assay by about a factor of 4.5 relative to the manual system, with considerable savings on reagent costs and labor. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Soil Sci & Land Evaluat, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Sadowsky@umn.edu RI Turan, Veysel/G-7722-2011; Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0156N PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100007 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS Kaspar, TC Karlen, DL AF Martens, DA Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS Kaspar, TC Karlen, DL TI Soil organic nitrogen enrichment following soybean in an Iowa corn-soybean rotation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; NO-TILL CORN; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; NITRATE; YIELD; PLACEMENT; AMMONIUM; N-15; IMMOBILIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Understanding soil organic N (ON) pool enrichment may help explain why rates of N fertilization required to attain maximum corn (Zea mays L.) yields are usually lower for corn following soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] than for corn following corn. Our objectives were to quantify the ON pools within a 16-ha Iowa field and to correlate those results with corn yield. Spring and fall measurements of ON content (0-15 cm soil) as amino acids (AAs), amino sugars (ASs), and NH4+ were made using samples collected between 1997 and 1999 from 10 soil map units. The chemical extraction method determined an average 87% of the total N content (n = 10 soils) as identified ON but gave reduced ON recovery from depression soils that experienced periods of water ponding. The total AA concentrations measured in May were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.84, P < 0.01) with corn yield during a dry year (1997) and 7 out of 10 soils provided near maximum yields. A wetter 1999 boosted overall corn yields 6.6% but resulted in a poorer relationship between May AA concentrations and corn yield. Microbial N compounds measured (May 1997) as glucosamine, galactosamine, and ornithine were also positively correlated with corn yield (r(2) = 0.84, p < 0.0; r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.001; r(2) = 0.93, P < 0.001, respectively). The ON concentration decreased during corn production from May to September 1997 an average of 367 kg N ha(-1) but increased following soybean growth in 1998 by 320 kg N ha(-1). The chemical extraction methodology identified soils that may not require the full amount of N fertilizer currently being applied, thus decreasing the potential for N loss to surface and ground water resources without decreasing opportunities to achieve optimum yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM jaynes@nstl.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0112 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100008 ER PT J AU Omonode, RA Gal, A Stott, DE Abney, TS Vyn, TJ AF Omonode, RA Gal, A Stott, DE Abney, TS Vyn, TJ TI Short-term versus continuous chisel and no-till effects on soil carbon and nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CROP-ROTATION; CENTRAL OHIO; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; CORN; SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT; MATTER; SYSTEMS; QUALITY AB various reasons, North American crop farmers are more likely to practice limited-duration no-till than continuous no-till (NT). Little is known about effects of short-term no-till (ST-NT) on organic C and total N relative to NT and conventional-till systems. A field experiment was initiated in 1980 to study the effects of NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow in continuous corn (CC; Zeamays L.) and soybean (Glycinemax. L.)-corn (SC) rotations on dark prairie soil. In 1996, the moldboard treatments were split into a ST-NT subplot and an intermittently chisel-plowed (STI-CP) subplot that was chiseled only before corn. In 2003, soil samples were taken incrementally to the 1.0-m depth from NT, CP, ST-NT, and STI-CP plots. Soil C and N accumulation was unaffected by rotation system at any depth interval. Tillage treatments significantly affected soil C and N concentrations only in the upper 50 cm. On an equivalent soil mass basis, C storage to 1.0 m after 24 yr totaled 151 Mg ha(-1) in continuous NT, but just 108 Mg ha(-1) in continuous CP. Short-term no-till and STI-CP systems resulted in 26 and 21 Mg ha(-1), respectively, more soil C than CP. Total N storage was similar for NIT and ST-NT systems, but was significantly lower (4 Mg ha(-1) less) with CP. Our results suggest that the combination of moldboard plowing (17 yr) followed by short-term (6-7 yr) no-till or intermittent chisel was generally superior to continuous chisel plowing (24 yr) in soil C and N contents. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Vyn, TJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Lilly Hall Life Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tvyn@purdue.edu RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0083 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100011 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE AF Varvel, GE TI Soil organic carbon changes in diversified rotations of the western corn belt SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN RATE; CROP YIELD; TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; FERTILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; ROOT AB dSequestration and storage of carbon (C) by agricultural soils has been cited as one potential part of the solution to soil degradation and global climate change. However, C sequestration in soils is a slow and dynamic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management on soil organic C (SOC) levels at several points in time during 18 yr of a long-term study in the Western Corn Belt. Seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2-yr, and two 4-yr rotations) with three levels of N fertilizer were compared. Soil samples were taken in the spring in 1984, 1992, 1998, and 2002 to a depth of 30 cm in 0- to 7.5-, 7.5- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm increments. No differences were obtained in SOC levels in 1984 at the beginning of the study. After 8 yr, rotation significantly increased SOC 449 kg ha(-1) across all cropping systems. From 1992 to 2002, SOC levels in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth decreased by 516 kg ha(-1) across all cropping systems. Soil organic C levels in the 7.5- to 15-cm depths in 1992 and 2002 demonstrated similar rotation effects to those in the surface 0- to 7.5-cm, being not significantly affected from 1984 to 1992 but being significantly decreased from 1992 to 2002 (568 kg SOC ha(-1) across all cropping systems). Many of the SOC gains in the surface 30 cm measured during the first 8 yr of the study were lost during the next 10 yr in all but the 4-yr cropping systems after 18 yr. The loss of SOC in this latter period occurred when depth of tillage was increased by using a tandem disk with larger-diameter disks. These results demonstrate that more than one point-in-time measurement from long-term experiments is necessary to monitor SOC changes when several management variables, such as cropping system and N fertilizer, are being used. They also indicate that apparent small changes in cultural practices, such as in depth of tillage in this experiment, can significantly change SOC dynamics in the soil. Subtle changes in cultural practices (e.g., tillage depth) can have significant long-term results, but longterm experiments are required to quantify their impact under variable climatic conditions. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gvarvel1@unl.edu NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0100 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100012 ER PT J AU McVay, KA Budde, JA Fabrizzi, K Mikha, MM Rice, CW Schlegel, AJ Peterson, DE Sweeney, DW Thompson, C AF McVay, KA Budde, JA Fabrizzi, K Mikha, MM Rice, CW Schlegel, AJ Peterson, DE Sweeney, DW Thompson, C TI Management effects on soil physical properties in long-term tillage studies in Kansas SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SILT LOAM SOIL; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN; TEXTURE; CONSERVATION; EVAPORATION; COMPACTION; RESIDUE AB Five long-term tillage studies in Kansas were evaluated for changes in soil properties including soil organic carbon (SOC), water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density, and aggregate stability. The average length of time these studies have been conducted was 23 yr. Soil properties were characterized in three depth increments to 30 cm, yet changes due to tillage, N fertility, or crop rotation were found primarily in the upper 0- to 5-cm depth. Decreased tillage intensity, increased N fertilization, and crop rotations that included cereal crops had greater SOC in the 0- to 5-cm soil depth. Only one of five sites had greater WHC, which occurred in the 0- to 5-cm depth. Aggregate stability was highly correlated with SOC at all sites. No-tillage (NT) had greater bulk density, but values remained below that considered root limiting. Soil organic C levels can be modified by management that can improve aggregate stability, but greater SOC did not result in greater WHC for the majority of soils evaluated in this study. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, NW Plains Area, Akron, CO 80720 USA. KSU SW Res Extens Ctr, Tribune, KS 67879 USA. KSU SE Agr Res Ctr, Parsons, KS 67357 USA. KSU Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP McVay, KA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM kmcvay@ksu.edu NR 27 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 9 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0249 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100013 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Poach, ME Matheny, TA Reddy, GB Stone, KC AF Hunt, PG Poach, ME Matheny, TA Reddy, GB Stone, KC TI Denitrification in marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater at different loading rates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; LAGOON AB Denitrification in constructed wetlands can be very important in the treatment of swine lagoon effluent when land application areas are limited. The objectives of this investigation were to determine (i) the denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in the marsh sediments of marshpond-marsh (MPM) constructed wetlands, (ii) changes in DEA with additions of carbon and nitrate, and (iii) the response of DEA to different wastewater N loading rates. Swine wastewater was applied to six MPM wetlands located at North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, at rates of 4 to 35 kg N ha(-1) d(-1). Soil samples were obtained from the top 25 mm of the marsh sections on four dates for determination of DEA via the acetylene blockage method (blocked at N2O). Headspace N2O was measured via gas chromatography. In the control treatment, they ranged front 0.06 to 1.13 and 0.16 to 0.79 mg N2O-N kg(-1) soil hr(-1) in the first and second marshes, respectively. In both marshes, the DEA rate was significantly increased with the addition of nitrate but not by glucose, indicating that nitrate was a clear limiting factor for denitrification. The DEA in both the control and the amended treatments increased dramatically with increased wastewater N loading, and the increases were generally more pronounced in the first marsh. The DEA values produced in the absence of acetylene blockage did not increase with wastewater N loading rate. Denitrification enzyme activity levels in the marsh sections of the MPM were generally consistent with a highly denitrifying environment. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Hunt@Florence.usda.ars.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0075 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100019 ER PT J AU Grace, JM Skaggs, RW Cassel, DK AF Grace, JM Skaggs, RW Cassel, DK TI Soil physical changes associated with forest harvesting operations on an organic soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SITE PREPARATION; HYSTERESIS; WATER; IMPACT AB The influence of forest operations on forest soil and water continues to be an issue of concern in forest management. Research has focused on evaluating forest operation effects on numerous soil and water quality indicators. However, poorly drained forested watersheds with organic soil surface horizons have not been extensively investigated. A study was initiated in the Tidewater region of North Carolina to gain a better understanding of the impact of harvesting operations on poorly drained organic soils. Soils on the study site, having > 80% organic matter (OM) content to a depth of 60 cm below the soil surface, were classified as shallow organic soils. Soil physical properties were examined by collecting soil cores from control and treatment watersheds in a nested design. Compaction caused by the harvest operation increased bulk density (D(b)) from 0.22 to 0.27 g cm(-1), decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity (k(sdt)) from 397 to 82 cm h(-1), and decreased the drained volume for a given water table depth. However, Db following the harvest remained low at 0.27 g cm-1. The drained volume at equilibrium following the lowering of the water table from the soil surface to a depth of 200 cm was reduced by 10% from that of control watershed as a result of harvesting. C1 Auburn Univ, FS, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, FS, So Res Stn, USDA, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jmgrace@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0154 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100021 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD AF Logsdon, SD TI Experimental limitations of time domain reflectometry hardware for dispersive soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-AREA SOILS; WATER-CONTENT; CABLE LENGTH; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY; FREQUENCY; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been used to determine soil water content. Multiple attachments and long cables may result in unreliable data for dispersive soils, but these attachments are necessary for automated field monitoring at multiple sites and depths. The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the effect of attachments on the TDR waveform for a parallel probe with a balun. The probe with parallel waveguides and balun was successively attached to the front panel of the cable tester (Level 1), to a transient suppressor (Level 2), to the first level multiplexer (Level 3), or to a second level multiplexer (Level 4). Each attachment level significantly reduced frequency bandwidth, and Level 4 frequency bandwidth was about half that of Level 1. The greatest attenuation decrease was between Levels 1 and 2. Attenuations due to TDR hardware make it difficult to obtain useful waveforms for determining soil water content. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM logsdon@nstl.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0176 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100025 ER PT J AU DeSutter, TM Pierzynski, GM Baker, LR AF DeSutter, TM Pierzynski, GM Baker, LR TI Flow-through and batch methods for determining calcium-magnesium and magnesium-calcium selectivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATION-EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA; SODIUM-COPPER EXCHANGE; WYOMING BENTONITE; MONTMORILLONITIC SOILS; AMMONIUM-POTASSIUM; TERNARY EXCHANGE; BINARY EXCHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAY-MINERALS; PERCHLORATE AB Conducting binary-exchange experiments is a common way to identify cationic preferences of exchanger phases and the two most common approaches are the flow-through and batch methods. The objectives of this research were to provide the materials and methods for both flow-through and batch equilibration techniques and to compare Ca-Mg and Mg-Ca selectivity when using these two methods on a montmorillonitic soil. The methods were evaluated by comparing both the Gibbs free energy values (Delta G(ex)) and selectivity diagrams derived from the flow-through and batch exchange reactions. The Delta G(ex) values for the Ca-Mg reaction were 634 and 444 J mol(-1) as determined by the flow-through and batch methods, respectively, indicating an exchanger preference for Ca. Exchanger preference for Ca was also evident in the Mg-Ca reaction with Delta G(ex) values of -882 and -784 J mol(-1) for the flow-through and batch methods, respectively. The flow-through and batch methods worked very well for determining cation selectivity and results indicate no significant differences existed between the two methods. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP DeSutter, TM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM desutter@nstl.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0065N PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100027 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Cambardella, CA James, DE Moorman, TB AF Tomer, MD Cambardella, CA James, DE Moorman, TB TI Surface-soil properties and water contents across two watersheds with contrasting tillage histories SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEEP-LOESS SOILS; NO-TILL; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; LANDSCAPE POSITION; TERRAIN ATTRIBUTES; SPATIAL PATTERNS; USE EFFICIENCY; RETENTION; MOISTURE; SYSTEMS AB Soil properties and water contents (theta) vary spatially, but management effects on spatial patterns are poorly understood. This study's objective was to compare surface-soil properties and theta in two small watersheds (30-43 ha) in Iowa's loess hills. Both watersheds were in continuous corn (Zea mays L.) from 1972 through 1995, one (CW1) under conventional tillage and the other (RW3) under ridge tillage. In 1996, CW1 was converted to no-till. Surface-soil (0-0.2 m) samples were collected along hillslope transects during 2002 and 2003, including four dates with water-content measurements by gravimetry in both watersheds. Soil bulk density (rho(h), organic carbon (OC), and texture were determined, along with terrain attributes (elevation, slope, surface curvature, contributing area, and wetness index). After accounting for landscape-position effects, RW3 had more OC (2.1 versus 1.7%) and smaller rho(b) (1.16 versus 1.25 Mg m(-3)) than CW1 (P < 0.001). Larger theta values occurred in RW3 (P < 0.002) when 0 was > 33%. Landscape position and terrain attributes better explained variation in 0 in RW3 than CW1. Also, OC was correlated with 0 in RW3, but not in CWL Soil textures were similar (within 2%,) but finer in CW1 (P < 0.05). Pedotransfer functions confirmed that differences in soil properties between watersheds resulted in greater theta in RW3 than CW1, particularly at low soil-water potential, and that more distinct patterns of theta should occur in RW3. Results indicate long-term conventional tillage in CW1 affected soil properties and water-holding characteristics in ways that decreased water retention and muted spatial patterns of theta. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammell Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tomer@nstl.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 620 EP 630 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0355 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100034 ER PT J AU Ajwa, HA Trout, TJ AF Ajwa, HA Trout, TJ TI Polyacrylamide and water quality effects on infiltration in sandy loam soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FURROW EROSION; IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; POLYMERS; RUNOFF; PAM AB Slow infiltration rates constrain effective and economical irrigation in some sandy loam soils in California. Polyacrylamide (PAM) has increased soil infiltration in some areas, especially in soils high in clay or silt. Field trials near Fresno, CA, with PAM failed to show improved infiltration. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate PAM effect on infiltration of various quality waters in sandy loam soils. Two formulations of a high molecular weight PAM, a liquid emulsion and a granular, were evaluated on a Hanford sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthents) in packed soil column experiments. Applying PAM continuously in the infiltration water always decreased infiltration for all PAM concentrations tested (5-20 mg PAM L-1). Final infiltration rates of 5 mg PAM L-1 relative to infiltration rate of deionized water were 65% for emulsion PAM and 36% for granular PAM and these ratios decreased with increasing PAM concentration. Reduction of infiltration rates when PAM was applied with water containing Ca (applied as gypsum) was less than with PAM solution containing Na. Permeability tests of PAM solutions through uniform sands showed a decrease of permeability with increased concentrations, due to an apparent increase in effective viscosity of the solution. The decrease in infiltration rates in this study was likely due to this increase in viscosity when PAM is added to water. This research concluded that PAM applied in irrigation water will reduce infiltration unless the material improves surface soil aggregate structure and sustains pores sufficient to mask the effect of solution viscosity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA, ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ajwa, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM haajwa@ucdavis.edu OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 643 EP 650 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0079 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100036 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, A Caesar-Tonthat, T Waddell, J AF Sainju, UM Lenssen, A Caesar-Tonthat, T Waddell, J TI Tillage and crop rotation effects on dryland soil and residue carbon and nitrogen SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; NO-TILL; SPRING WHEAT; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; WINTER-WHEAT; SYSTEMS; FERTILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; INTENSITY AB Sustainable management practices are needed to enhance soil productivity in degraded dryland soils in the northern Great Plains. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), spring wheat-fallow (W-F), spring wheat-lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W-L), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (W-W-F), and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)fallow (W-P-F)], and a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on plant biomass returned to the soil, residue C and N, and soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), and particulate organic C and N (POC and PON) at the 0- to 20-cm depth. A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine, smectitic, frigid Aridic Argiustolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Argiustolls) from 1998 to 2003 near Havre, MT. Mean annualized plant biomass returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 was greater in W-F (2.02 Mg ha(-1)) than in W-L and W-W-F, regardless of tillage. In 2004, residue cover was greater in CW (60%) than in other rotations, except in W-W-E Residue amount and C and N contents were greater in NT with CW (2.47 Mg ha(-1) and 963 and 22 kg ha(-1), respectively) than in NT with W-L and CT with other crop rotations. The POC at 0 to 5 cm was greater in W-W-F and W-P-F (2.1-2.2 Mg ha(-1)) than in W-L. Similarly, STN at 5 to 20 cm was greater in CT with W-L (2.21 Mg ha(-1)) than in other treatments, except in NT with W-W-E Reduced tillage and increased cropping intensity, such as NT with CW and W-L, conserved C and N in dryland soils and crop residue better than the traditional practice, CT with W-F, and their contents were similar to or better than in CRP planting. C1 USDA, ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM usainju@sidney.ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 668 EP 678 DI 10.2136/sssaj2005.0089 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100039 ER PT J AU Tang, Z Lei, T Yu, J Shainberg, I Mamedov, AI Ben-Hur, M Levy, GJ AF Tang, Z Lei, T Yu, J Shainberg, I Mamedov, AI Ben-Hur, M Levy, GJ TI Runoff and interrill erosion in sodic soils treated with dry PAM and phosphogypsum SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; SILT LOAM SOIL; SIMULATED RAINFALL; SEAL FORMATION; INFILTRATION-RATE; LABORATORY TESTS; WATER CHEMISTRY; CRUST FORMATION; FURROW EROSION; POLYACRYLAMIDE AB Seal formation at the soil surface during rainstorms reduces rain infiltration and leads to runoff and erosion. An increase in soil sodicity increases soil susceptibility to crusting, runoff, and erosion. Surface application of dissolved polyacrylamide (PAM) mixed with gypsum was found to be very effective in decreasing seal formation, runoff, and erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of surface application of dry granular PAM (20 kg ha(-1)) mixed with phosphogypsum (PG) (2 and 4 Mg ha(-1)) and that of PG alone on the infiltration rate (IR), runoff, and wash erosion from four smectitic soil types (ranging in clay content between 10 and 62% and sodicity level between exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP] 2 and 20) exposed to simulated distilled water rainstorms. Increasing ESP from 5 to 20 in the loamy sand decreased final IR from 14 to 2 nun h(-1) and increased runoff and wash erosion in the control; similar trends but of different magnitude were noted in the other soil types. Spreading PAM mixed with PG or PG alone was effective in maintaining final IR > 12 mm h(-1), low runoff, and wash erosion levels compared with their control. Use of PAM mixed with PG resulted in higher final IR and lower runoff levels than PG alone in all four soils studied. Conversely, with respect to soil erosion, PAM mixed with PG was more effective than PG alone in reducing wash erosion from the loamy sand and clay and had comparable effects on soil loss in the loam. It was concluded that for rain-fed agriculture, spreading of dry granular PAM mixed with PG was more effective than PG alone in reducing runoff and erosion in soils varying in texture and sodic conditions. C1 Agr Res Org, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, Volcani Ctr, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. China Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Civil Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Inst Water Resources, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China. USDA, ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Levy, GJ (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, Volcani Ctr, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM vwguy@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 60 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0395 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 021TQ UT WOS:000236009100040 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF Maurer, J AF Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF Maurer, J TI Pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechijdae) and tobacco budworm, cabbage looper and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larval mortalities fed on Bacillus thuringiensis (BG (R)) cotton pollens and pink bollworm adult mortality fed on sucrose solutions containing Cry1Ac toxin SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; TRANSGENIC COTTON; SEASONAL INFESTATION; CENTRAL ARIZONA; GELECHIIDAE; RESISTANCE; INSECTS; PROTEIN; LINES; GENE AB We fed pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), tobacco budworm (TBW) Heliothis virescens (L), cabbage looper (CL), Trichophisia ni (Hubner), and beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), pollens from cottons containing the Bollgard (R) (BG (R)) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki (Berliner) that produce the Cry1Ac toxin. PBW and TBW larvae were highly susceptible to the toxin in BG (R) pollen; whereas, results with BAW and CL were more variable, probably because both species are inherently less susceptible to the BG (R) toxin and because plant pollens may not be acceptable sources of food for either species. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) were positive for all BG (R) pollen cotton samples tested. We also collected cotton nectars from extrafloral and floral nectaries of BG (R) and non-BG (R) cottons. The occurrence of positive ELISAs for nectar was variable and unexplained. We fed moths 10% sucrose solutions alone or containing varying amounts of Cry1Ac formulated as MVP (R) II bioinsecticide (Mycogen Corporation, San Diego, CA). Feeding on the sucrose Cry1Ac solutions had no effect on male or female mortality or percentages of egg hatch. Moths fed less on sucrose solutions containing the Cry1Ac formulation compared to sucrose solutions alone. The inert ingredients in the MVP (R) II may be a factor influencing the results. ELISA positive and negative Cry1Ac moths were found, and our evidence suggests that PBW moths in some cases excrete the toxin after it is imbibed. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 035PD UT WOS:000237012900001 ER PT J AU Randolph, TL Peairs, FB Koch, M Walker, CB AF Randolph, TL Peairs, FB Koch, M Walker, CB TI Yield response to Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae) in three resistant wheats in eastern Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-STAGES; REGISTRATION; CATEGORIES; HOMOPTERA AB A study to determine the effect of Russian wheat aphid on yield of resistant winter wheat cultivars was conducted during the 2001-2002 growing season at three locations in eastern Colorado (Akron, Fort Collins and Lamar). Two wheat cultivars resistant to Russian wheat aphid Biotype L 'Ankor' and 'Stanton' were compared to 'Halt' (resistant) and 'Akron' (susceptible) for yield differences at three infestation levels (0X. 1X and 10X) of Russian wheat aphid. All three resistant cultivars supported significantly fewer Russian wheat aphid per tiller than the susceptible 'Akron' at all three sites. The number of Russian wheat aphid per tiller negatively affected seed weight for 'Akron' at all three sites and for 'Stanton' at Akron and yield for 'Akron' at both Akron and Fort Collins and for 'Ankor' and 'Halt' at Akron. 'Ankor' and 'Stanton' are good Russian wheat aphid Biotype 1 resistant wheat choices for areas with historically high Russian wheat aphid infestations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. SE Cooperat Extens, Lamar, CO 81052 USA. USDA, Cent Great Plains Expt Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Randolph, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 035PD UT WOS:000237012900004 ER PT J AU Skrivanek, S Ripple, B Lopez, J Harris, M AF Skrivanek, S Ripple, B Lopez, J Harris, M TI Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and sodium bicarbonate in Coleopteran and Lepidopteran larval diets SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB We tested the hypothesis that Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) would adversely affect coleopteran larvae if the mid-gut pH is adjusted to the alkaline pH of lepidopteran larvae, which are susceptible to Btk. Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), larvae in TRT 1 were fed Instant Soybean-Wheat Germ Insect Diet (SWD); TRT 2. SWD + sodium bicarbonate (to alter the mid-gut pH); TRT 3 SWD + Btk: TRT 4, SWD + sodium bicarbonate + Btk. Mealworms in TRT 1, 2, and 3 all lived and had a comparable weight gain. Mealworms in TRT 4 had some mortality and no weight gain. Bollworms in TRT 1 all lived and gained weight. Bollworms in TRT 2 had low mortality and gained weight. Bollworms in TRT 3 and 4 had high mortality and no weight gain. TRT 2 and 4 containing sodium bicarbonate significantly increased mid-gut pH in bollworm and mealworm, changing the latter from acidic to alkaline. Our results supported the hypothesis that coleopteran larvae with an alkaline mid-gut would be adversely affected when fed Bik and also suggest that increasing the alkalinity of bollworm mid-gut increases susceptibility to Btk. C1 St Joseph Catholic Sch, Bryan, TX 77803 USA. Coastal Ag Res Inc, E Bernard, TX 77435 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Skrivanek, S (reprint author), St Joseph Catholic Sch, 600 E 26th St, Bryan, TX 77803 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 035PD UT WOS:000237012900007 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Chen, TY Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Chen, TY Henneberry, TJ TI Attractiveness of flickering and non-flickering cool white fluorescent light to Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae), Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) adults, and Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera : Gryllidae) and Periplaneta americana (Blattodea : Blattidae) nymphs SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 035PD UT WOS:000237012900011 ER PT J AU Narasimhamoorthy, B Gill, BS Fritz, AK Nelson, JC Brown-Guedira, GL AF Narasimhamoorthy, B Gill, BS Fritz, AK Nelson, JC Brown-Guedira, GL TI Advanced backcross QTL analysis of a hard winter wheat x synthetic wheat population SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE QTLs : for grain hardness; kernels per spike; and tiller number ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BREAD WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; YIELD COMPONENTS; ORYZA-RUFIPOGON; CHROMOSOME 5A; MAPPING QTLS AB Advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (AB-QTL) analysis was used to identify QTLs for yield and yield components in a backcross population developed from a cross between hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Karl 92 and the synthetic wheat line TA 4152-4. Phenotypic data were collected for agronomic traits including heading date, plant height, kernels per spike, kernel weight, tiller number, biomass, harvest index, test weight, grain yield, protein content, and kernel hardness on 190 BC2F2:4 lines grown in three replications in two Kansas environments. Severity of wheat soilborne mosaic virus (WSBMV) reaction was evaluated at one location. The population was genotyped using 151 microsatellite markers. Of the ten putative QTLs identified, seven were located on homoeologous group 2 and group 3 chromosomes. The favorable allele was contributed by cultivated parent Karl 92 at seven QTLs including a major one for WSBMV resistance, and by the synthetic parent at three QTLs: for grain hardness, kernels per spike, and tiller number. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit,Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit,Dept Crop Sci, 840 Main Campus,Box 7248, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gbg@ksu.edu NR 53 TC 77 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 5 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0159-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018GH UT WOS:000235751700002 PM 16463062 ER PT J AU Fan, ZC Robbins, MD Staub, JE AF Fan, ZC Robbins, MD Staub, JE TI Population development by phenotypic selection with subsequent marker-assisted selection for line extraction in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; GENETIC-MARKERS; INBRED LINES; QTL ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; INTROGRESSION; EFFICIENCY; CORN AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n=2x=14) has a narrow genetic base, and commercial yield of US processing cucumber has plateaued in the last 15 years. Yield may be increased by altering plant architecture to produce unique early flowering (days to flower, DTF), female (gynoecious, GYN), highly branched (multiple lateral branching, MLB), long-fruited (length:diameter ratio, L:D) cultivars with diverse plant statures. The genetic map position of QTL conditioning these quantitatively inherited yield component traits is known, and linked molecular markers may have utility in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs to increase selection efficiency, and effectiveness. Therefore, a base population (C-0), created by intermating four unique but complementary lines, was subjected to three cycles (C-1-C-3) of phenotypic (PHE) mass selection for DTF, GYN, MLB, and L:D. In tandem, two cycles of marker-assisted backcrossing for these traits began with selected C-2 progeny (C-2S) to produce families (F-1[i.e., C-2S x C-2S], and BC1 [i.e., F-1 x C-2S]) for line extraction, and for comparative analysis of gain from selection by PHE selection, and MAS. Frequencies of marker loci were used to monitor selection-dependent changes during PHE selection, and MAS. Similar gain from selection was detected as a result of PHE selection, and MAS for MLB (similar to 0.3 branches/cycle), and L:D (similar to 0.1 unit increase/cycle) with concomitant changes in frequency at linked marker loci. Although genetic gain was not realized for GYN during PHE selection, the percentage of female flowers of plants subjected to MAS was increased (5.6-9.8% per cycle) depending upon the BC1 population examined. Selection-dependent changes in frequency were also detected at marker loci linked to female sex expression during MAS. MAS operated to fix favorable alleles that were not exploited by PHE selection in this population, indicating that MAS could be applied for altering plant architecture in cucumber to improve its yield potential. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Hort, Shandong 27000, Peoples R China. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jestaub@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 51 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 5 BP 843 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0186-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018GH UT WOS:000235751700007 PM 16397790 ER PT J AU McCallum, J Clarke, A Pither-Joyce, M Shaw, M Butler, R Brash, D Scheffer, J Sims, I van Heusden, S Shigyo, M Havey, M AF McCallum, J Clarke, A Pither-Joyce, M Shaw, M Butler, R Brash, D Scheffer, J Sims, I van Heusden, S Shigyo, M Havey, M TI Genetic mapping of a major gene affecting onion bulb fructan content SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALLIUM-CEPA L; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE-COMPOSITION; MONOSOMIC ADDITION LINES; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; L.-AGGREGATUM GROUP; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE; EXTRA CHROMOSOMES; FISTULOSUM L.; HERITABILITY; TRAITS AB The non-structural dry matter content of onion bulbs consists principally of fructose, glucose, sucrose and fructans. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic basis for the wide variation observed in the relative amounts of these carbohydrates. Bulb carbohydrate composition was evaluated in progeny from crosses between high dry matter storage onion varieties and sweet, low dry matter varieties. When samples were analysed on a dry weight basis, reducing sugar and fructan content exhibited high negative correlations and bimodal segregation suggestive of the action of a major gene. A polymorphic SSR marker, ACM235, was identified which exhibited strong disequilibrium with bulb fructan content in F-2:3 families from the 'W202A' x 'Texas Grano 438' mapping population evaluated in two environments. This marker was mapped to chromosome 8 in the interspecific population 'Allium cepa x A. roylei'. Mapping in the 'Colossal Grano PVP' x 'Early Longkeeper P12' F-2 population showed that a dominant major gene conditioning high-fructan content lay in the same genomic region. QTL analysis of total bulb fructan content in the intraspecific mapping population 'BYG15-23' x 'AC43' using a complete molecular marker map revealed only one significant QTL in the same chromosomal region. This locus, provisionally named Frc, may account for the major phenotypic differences in bulb carbohydrate content between storage and sweet onion varieties. C1 New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Inst Mol BioSci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Pukekoho, New Zealand. Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Lab Plant Breeding, Wageningen, Netherlands. Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Agr, Yamaguchi 7538515, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Dept Hort, Agr Res Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP McCallum, J (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM mccallumj@crop.cri.nz RI Clarke, Andrew/A-7635-2008; Shigyo, Masayoshi/A-3105-2012; Butler, Ruth/D-5825-2011 OI Clarke, Andrew/0000-0003-2293-1423; Shigyo, Masayoshi/0000-0003-4014-6613; Butler, Ruth/0000-0001-8646-1147 NR 55 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 5 BP 958 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0199-5 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018GH UT WOS:000235751700018 PM 16404585 ER PT J AU Guo, B Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT AF Guo, B Sleper, DA Arelli, PR Shannon, JG Nguyen, HT TI Identification of QTLs associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3 and 5 in soybean PI 90763 (vol 111, pg 965, 2005) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, MSA, Jackson, TN 38305 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Life Sci Ctr 271F, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SleperD@missouri.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 112 IS 5 BP 984 EP 985 DI 10.1007/s00122-005-0150-9 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 018GH UT WOS:000235751700021 ER PT J AU Noirault, K Brillard, JP Bakst, MR AF Noirault, K Brillard, JP Bakst, MR TI Spermatogenesis in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Quantitative approach in immature and adult males subjected to various photoperiods SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photostimulation; turkey; poultry; spermatogenesis; semen production ID SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM; TESTICULAR ASYMMETRY; COTURNIX-COTURNIX; JAPANESE QUAIL; SEMEN; SPERMATOZOA; KINETICS; DURATION; OUTPUT; LIGHT AB The objectives of this study were to identify and quantitate the germ cell Populations of the testes in sexually mature male turkeys (Trial 1), determine the duration of meiosis based on BrdU labeling and stereological analyses (Trial 2), and examine the impact of various photoperiods on germinal and somatic Cell Populations in immature and adult males (Trial 3). In Trial 1, both testes within a male had similar stereological components (P > 0.05) for all parameters analyzed. In Trial 2, the duration of Type-1 spermatocytes and round spermatids in turkeys lasted 4.5 +/- 0.5 and 2.0 +/- 0.5 days, respectively. In Trial 3, the short photoperiod (7L: 17D) delayed testicular growth (in the stereological parameters analyzed). In contrast, the effect of it moderately short photoperiod (10.5L: 13.5D) was comparable to the effect of a long (14L: 10D) or increasing photoperiod (7L: 17D to 14L: 10D) on the stereological parameters examined. With the exception of the short photoperiod, all other photoperiods used in this study induced comparable early testicular maturation, with maximum testis weight at 29-35 weeks of age. As the males got older, there was a progressive, linear decline in testis weight through 60 weeks, at which time there were no significant differences among photoperiods. In conclusion, the duration of meiosis in the turkey was similar to that observed in the fowl and guinea-fowl. The existence of a threshold of photosensitivity to gonad stimulation in male turkeys is Suggested to be between 7.0 and 10.5 h of light. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, Ctr Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. USDA, ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brillard, JP (reprint author), INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, Ctr Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. EM brillard@tours.inra.fr NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 1 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.01.012 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 015RO UT WOS:000235568700015 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Derksen, RC Guler, H Krause, CR Ozkan, HE AF Zhu, H Derksen, RC Guler, H Krause, CR Ozkan, HE TI Foliardeposition and off-target loss with different spray techniques in nursery applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE air blast sprayer; airborne; air-induction nozzle; drift; drift retardant; ground deposit; low-drift nozzle; nursery crop; spray nozzle ID DRIFT; PENETRATION; EFFICIENCY AB Information is lacking on spray techniques to improve deposit uniformity within nursery canopies and reduce off-target loss on the ground and via spray drift from the treated area. Spray deposits at various elevations within crabapple trees and on the ground were investigated with an air blast sprayer equipped with conventional hollow-cone nozzles, air-induction nozzles, and conventional hollow-cone nozzles with a drift retardant in a commercial nursery field. Airborne deposits at three elevations on sampling towers and on the ground at several distances from the sprayer were also investigated with the three spray treatments in an open area without trees. To compare field test results, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to assess spray deposits on the floor beyond 0. 4 m downwind distance from the nozzles and airborne deposits at 2.1 m downwind from the spray discharge point with the three spray techniques without air assist. Droplet size distributions across spray patterns without air assist were measured with a laser particle/droplet image analysis system. In general, there was no significant difference for deposits within nursery tree canopies and on the ground with three different spray techniques. At the 700 L/ha application rate, which was 360 L/ha lower than the rate typically used in nursery application, the tree canopies received over 4 to 14.5 times as much spray deposit as actually needed from all treatments, and a large portion of spray volume deposited on the ground. Compared with conventional hollow-cone nozzles, drift reduction from air-induction nozzles or the spray mixture with drift retardant treatment was significant in wind tunnel tests but was not significant in field tests. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Ag Eng Bldg,OARDC,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM zhu.16@osu.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400001 ER PT J AU Daniel, JA Phillips, WA Northup, BK AF Daniel, JA Phillips, WA Northup, BK TI Influence of summer management practices of grazed wheat pastures on runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE legumes; livestock grazing; summer fallow; winter wheat ID POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; FOOTHILLS FESCUE GRASSLANDS; INFILTRATION RATES; NEW-MEXICO; WATER; TILLAGE; ALBERTA; YIELD AB The agricultural economy of the southern Great Plains relies on practices that incorporate grazed winter wheat and associated summer management practices. Information exists about the impact of these practices on water quality, but data related to runoff and associated nutrient and sediment movement due to high intensity, late summer storms in the southern Great Plains are limited. This study examined runoff and runoff water quality from two winter wheat management strategies: winter wheat with summer chemical fallow (WWF) and winter wheat with summer legumes (WWSL) and two grazing treatments (grazed and ungrazed) from 1998 to 2002. Four pastures were planted in conservation winter wheat and grazed from November to May. Summer legumes were direct seeded in two of the pastures in March and grazed mid-July to September Runoff from plots (1.5 X 3 m) was quantified with a rainfall simulator, with rainfall intensities representing a late summer, short duration (15 min), high intensity (10 cm/h) summer storm. Runoff samples were analyzed for nitrate-N (NO3-N), bioavailable and water-soluble phosphorus (BAP and WSP, respectively), and sediment yield. Overall, the WWF practice had greater runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses than the WWSL strategy. Likewise, grazing produced greater runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses than ungrazed plots. The worst-case scenario was WWF pastures that incorporated winter grazing, with 71% of applied rainfall lost as runoff. The greatest losses for sediment (284 kg/ha), NO3-N (124 kg/ha), BAP (380 g/ha), and WSP (38 g/ha) were found with the grazed WWF practice. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between late summer storms and summer management practices will improve large-scale mitigation strategies to reduce erosion and enhance capture of water resources. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Daniel, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM john.daniel@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400004 ER PT J AU Stewart, GR Munster, CL Vietor, DM Arnold, JG McFarland, AMS White, R Provin, T AF Stewart, GR Munster, CL Vietor, DM Arnold, JG McFarland, AMS White, R Provin, T TI Simulating water quality improvements in the Upper North Bosque River watershed due to phosphorus export through turfgrass sod SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE manure; modeling; nitrogen; nonpoint-source pollution; phosphorus; sediment; SWAT; turfgrass BMP; waste application fields; water quality ID MANURE PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB The Upper North Bosque River (UNBR) watershed is under a total maximum daily load (TMDL) mandate to reduce loading of soluble phosphorus (P) in impaired river segments. To address these problems, Texas A&M University researchers have developed a Best Management Practice (BMP) that removes excess nutrients from impaired watersheds through turfgrass sod Harvest of manure-grown sod removes a thin layer of topsoil along with any residual P in this soil layer In order to assess the impact of the turfgrass BMP on a watershed scale, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to predict water quality changes among four scenarios in the UNBR watershed. The SWAT model was modified to incorporate turfgrass harvest routines for simulation of manure and soil P export during harvest of turfgrass sod SWAT simulations of the four BMP scenarios predicted reductions of 20% to 36% for instream P loads in the UNBR depending on manure P rate and areas allotted to sod In addition, total N load was reduced on average by 31 % and sediment load declined on average 16.7% at the watershed outlet. The SWAT model predicted up to 176 kg/ha P was removed per harvest of sod top-dressed with 100 kg manure P/ha. Export increased to 258 kg/ha of P per harvest for the manure P application rate of 200 kg/ha. Depending on the implementation scenario, simulations indicated the turfgrass BMP could export between 262 and 784 metric tons of P out of the UNBR watershed every year. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX USA. Tarleton State Univ, Texas Inst Appl Environm Re, Stephenville, TX USA. RP Munster, CL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 127 Price Hobgood Bldg,W Campus, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM c-munster@tamu.edu NR 33 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 357 EP 366 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400005 ER PT J AU Bracmort, KS Arabi, M Frankenberger, JR Engel, BA Arnold, JG AF Bracmort, KS Arabi, M Frankenberger, JR Engel, BA Arnold, JG TI Modeling long-term water quality impact of structural BMPs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE conservation effects; phosphorus; sediment; SWAT; watershed modeling ID RIVER-BASIN AB Structural best management practices (BMPs) that reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses have been recommended and installed on agricultural land for years. A structural BMP is expected to be fully functional only for a limited period after installation, after which degradation of the BMP is likely to lead to a reduction in the water quality improvement provided by the BMP. Assessing the impact of BMPs on water quality is of widespread interest, but no standard methods exist to determine the water quality impact of structural BMPs, particularly as the impact changes through time. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term (similar to 20 year) impact of structural BMPs in two subwatersheds of Black Creek on sediment and phosphorus loads using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The BMPs were represented by modifying SWAT parameters to reflect the impact the practice has on the processes simulated within SWAT, both when practices are fully functional and as their condition deteriorates. The current condition of the BMPs was determined using field evaluation results from a previously developed BMP condition evaluation tool. Based on simulations in the two subwatersheds, BMPs in good condition reduced the average annual sediment yield by 16% to 32% and the average annual phosphorus yield by 10% to 24%. BMPs in their current condition reduced sediment yield by only 70% to 10% and phosphorus yield by 7% to 17%. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Engel, BA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM engelb@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400006 ER PT J AU Green, CH Tomer, MD Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG AF Green, CH Tomer, MD Di Luzio, M Arnold, JG TI Hydrologic evaluation of The Soil and Water Assessment Tool for a large tile-drained watershed in Iowa SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AVSWAT-X; CEAP; hydrologic modeling; SWAT; tile drains; watershed ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SWAT MODEL; INTEGRATION; VALIDATION; COMPONENT; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; BASIN AB The presence of subsurface tile drainage systems can facilitate nutrient and pesticide transport, thereby contributing to environmental pollution. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) water quality model is designed to assess nonpoint and point source pollution and was recently modified for tile drainage. Over 25% of the nation's cropland required improved drainage. In this study, the model's ability to validate the tile drainage component is evaluated with nine years of hydrologic monitoring data collected from the South Fork watershed in Iowa, since about 80% of this watershed is tile drained. This watershed is a Conservation Effects Assessment Program benchmark watershed and typifies one of the more intensively managed agricultural areas in the Midwest. Comparison of measured and predicted values demonstrated that inclusion of the tile drainage system is imperative for obtaining a realistic watershed water balance. Two calibration/validation scenarios tested if the results differed in how the data set was divided. The optimum scenario results for the simulated monthly and daily flows had Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS) values during the calibration/validation (1995-1998/1999-2004) periods of 0.9/0.7 and 0.5/0.4, respectively. The second scenario results for the simulated monthly and daily flows had ENS values during the calibration/validation (1995-2000/2001-2004) periods of 0.8/0.5 and 0.7/0.2, respectively. The optimum scenario reflects the distribution of peak rainfall events represented in both the calibration and validation periods. The year 2000, being extremely dry, negatively impacted both the calibration and validation results. Each water budget component of the model gave reasonable output, which reveals that this model can be used for the assessment of tile drainage with its associated practices. Water yield results were significantly different for the simulations with and without the tile flow component (25.1% and 16.90%, expressed as a percent of precipitation). The results suggest that the SWAT2005 version modified for tile drainage is a promising tool to evaluate streamflow in tile-drained regions when the calibration period contains streamflows representing a wide range of rainfall events. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Green, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM chgreen@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400010 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Sullivan, DG Sheridan, JM AF Bosch, DD Sullivan, DG Sheridan, JM TI Hydrologic impacts of land-use changes in coastal plain watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE forested watersheds; hydrology; land-use changes ID MANAGEMENT AB Conservation programs developed and implemented by the USDA have led to land-use changes of large areas throughout the U.S. These changes in land-use may lead to changes in evapotranspiration and infiltration and subsequently to dramatic differences in hydrologic response. The impact of recent land-use changes was evaluated using observed precipitation and streamflow data from the Little River watershed in south-central Georgia in the U.S. Land-use patterns within the watershed were examined through classification of satellite images collected from 1975 to 2003. While some changes in land-use were determined, analysis of the data indicated that the overall changes were less than the typical classification errors obtained. Based on the analysis of the satellite imagery, conservation practices implemented in the Little River watershed have not significantly altered total forest acreage. In addition, 34 years of hydrologic data collected from this watershed do not indicate any significant changes in hydrologic patterns. The long-term average ratio of annual flow to annual precipitation for the Little River watershed has remained stable at approximately 0.27. Year-to-year variation of the ratio varied from a high of 0.41 observed during a year with above-normal winter rainfall to 0.06 observed during a year with very low annual rainfall. When subwatersheds of the Little River were compared, significant differences in their responsiveness to rainfall were found. Linear regression between precipitation and streamflow produced regression coefficients between 0.62 and 0.90. These differences were attributed to differences in physical characteristics and land-use. Long-term data from the watersheds indicate that streamflow response is dominated by annual and seasonal precipitation characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM dbosch@tifton.usda.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 423 EP 432 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400011 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Dorner, JW Brown, SL Arthur, EH AF Butts, CL Dorner, JW Brown, SL Arthur, EH TI Eratingfarmer stock peanut storage in the southeastern US SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE aeration; peanut; storage; ventilation AB A two-year study was conducted to determine acceptable aeration strategies for farmer stock peanuts stored in conventional warehouses with and without headspace ventilation. Farmer stock peanuts were stored in 1/10th scale model warehouses with various aeration and ventilation treatments. Peanuts were loaded into each warehouse in the fall and stored for about 190 days. Peanuts stored with aeration generally cooled faster than those stored without aeration. Aflatoxin was detected in the initial samples from the 2002 crop, but aeration significantly reduced the further production of aflatoxin in storage. Aflatoxin contamination was not a factor in the 2003 storage season. Value change based on kernel size distribution was not significantly affected by aeration. An aeration rate of 0.31 m(3) min(-1) H was sufficient for proper aeration when used without headspace ventilation. The reduced aeration rate of 0.10 m(3) min(-1) t(-1) in conjunction with headspace ventilation cooled the center of the peanut mass sufficiently to reduce the risk of aflatoxin production in storage. Headspace ventilation with aeration reduced the temperature difference between the top and bottom layers of peanut during storage. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. Univ Georgia, Cooperat Extens Serv, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM cbutts@nprl.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 057LD UT WOS:000238596400015 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Meinzer, FC Gartner, BL Woodruff, D AF Domec, JC Meinzer, FC Gartner, BL Woodruff, D TI Transpiration-induced axial and radial tension gradients in trunks of Douglas-fit trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sap flux density; specific conductivity; xylem anatomy; xylem embolism ID SAP FLOW; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER RELATIONS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ACER-SACCHARUM; XYLEM VESSELS; PIT MEMBRANES; PINE TREES; CONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE AB We determined the axial and radial xylem tension gradients in trunks of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Axial specific conductivity (k(s-a)) and sap flux density (J(s)) were measured at four consecutive depths within the sapwood at a stem height of 1 m. By definition, at a given position in the bole, J(s) is a function not only of k(s-a) but also of the driving force for water movement. The J(s):k(s-a) ratio was therefore used to estimate axial tension gradients and the radial gradients at a stem height of 1 m were calculated from the differences in axial tension gradients at each depth. Tracheid lumen diameter and tracheid length were used to predict differences in k(s-a) and its divergence from the theoretical k(s-a) determined by the Hagen Poisseuille equation. The ratio of k(s-a) (determined in the laboratory) to J(s) (measured in the field) varied with depth in the sapwood, resulting in non-uniform axial and radial tension gradients from inner to outer sapwood. Transpiration-induced axial tension gradients were in the range of 0.006-0.01 MPa m(-1) excluding the gravitational tension gradient. At a stem height of 1 in, radial tension gradients were in the range of 0.15-0.25 MPa m(-1) and were lower in the middle sapwood than in the inner or outer sapwood. Axial tension gradients were 44-50% higher in the outer sapwood than in the inner sapwood. At a stem height of 1 m, radial J(s), calculated on the basis of radial tension gradients and measured radial specific conductivity (k(s-r)), was about two orders of magnitude smaller than axial J(s). Our findings indicate that large radial tension gradients occur in the sapwood and clarify the role played by xylem k(s-a) and k(s-r) in determining in situ partitioning of J(s) in the axial and radial directions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jc.domec@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 017YB UT WOS:000235728100002 PM 16356900 ER PT J AU Sayer, MAS Haywood, JD AF Sayer, MAS Haywood, JD TI Fine root production and carbohydrate concentrations of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) as affected by season of prescribed fire and drought SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; net root elongation; nonstructural carbohydrates; prescribed burning; root phenology ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; FOREST; WATER; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; REGIMES; CARBON; SHOOT AB The historical range of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill) has been greatly reduced, in part, by lack of fire. Recently, the application of fire has become an accepted practice for the restoration of longleaf pine to former parts of its natural range. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of season of prescribed fire on the root growth and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of longleaf pine, and identify the time of year when fire has the least negative effect on longleaf pine root processes. We found that root growth was generally less on July-burned plots than on either March- or May-burned plots and we attribute these responses to the effect of fire on interaction between root processes and the soil environment. Specifically, soil water and temperature conditions may have been less favorable for root growth on the July-burned plots compared to the March- and May-burned plots. With two years of information on the seasonal dynamics of foliage production, root growth, and root carbohydrates, we determined that at our study site, optimal prescribed fire would impact tree growth less in November through March compared to other times of the year. We also observed that severe drought during the 1998 growing season was associated with a 3-month delay in peak root growth, and prolonged drought in 1999 through 2000 coincided with a reduction in root starch storage. We conclude that season of prescribed fire potentially affects root processes, but that severe or prolonged drought may either interact with or override these effects. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sayer, MAS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, USDA, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM msword@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00468-005-0022-6 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 011EP UT WOS:000235251100004 ER PT J AU Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Kress, LW AF Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Kress, LW TI Root and stem partitioning of Pinus taeda SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE rooting depth; soil characteristics; tree diameter; site ID BELOW-STUMP BIOMASS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; LEAF-AREA; WATER-USE; PRODUCTIVITY; ALLOCATION; NUTRIENT; SYSTEMS; FERTILIZATION AB We measured root and stem mass at three sites (Piedmont (P), Coastal Plain (C), and Sandhills (S)) in the southeastern United States. Stand density, soil texture and drainage, genetic makeup and environmental conditions varied with site while differences in tree size at each site were induced with fertilizer additions. Across sites, root mass was about one half of stem mass when estimated on a per hectare basis. Stem mass per hectare explained 91% of the variation in root mass per hectare, while mean tree diameter at breast height (D), site, and site by measurement year were significant variables explaining an additional 6% of the variation in root mass per hectare. At the S site, the root:stem ratio decreased from 0.7 to 0.5 when mean tree D increased from 10 to 22 cm. At the P and C sites, where mean root:stem ratios were 0.40 and 0.47, respectively, no significant slope in the root:stem to mean tree D relationship was found over a more narrow range in mean tree D (12-15 and 12-18 cm, respectively). Roots were observed in the deepest layers measured (190, 190, and 290 cm for the P, C, and S sites, respectively); however, the asymptotically decreasing root mass per layer indicated the bulk of roots were measured. Root growth relative to stem growth would need to change with increased mean tree D to explain the results observed here. While these changes in growth rate among plant components may differ across sites, stem mass alone does a good job of estimating root mass across sites. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Albaugh, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim_albaugh@ncsu.edu; lee_allen@ncsu.edu; lkress@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00468-005-0024-4 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 011EP UT WOS:000235251100005 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Bartz, JC Richt, JA AF Hamir, AN Kunkle, RA Miller, JM Bartz, JC Richt, JA TI First and second cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral inoculation SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; prion diseases; PrP immunohistochemistry; PrP Western blot; spongiform encephalopathy; transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; PRION PROTEIN; SCRAPIE AGENT; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SHEEP; DIAGNOSIS; BSE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICE AB To compare clinicopathologic findings of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) with other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE, prion diseases) that have been shown to be experimentally transmissible to cattle (sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease [CWD]), two groups of calves (n = 4 each) were intracerebrally inoculated with TME agents from two different sources (mink with TME and a steer with TME). Two uninoculated calves served as controls. Within 15.3 months postinoculation, all animals from both inoculated groups developed clinical signs of central nervous system (CNS) abnormality; their CNS tissues had microscopic spongiform encephalopathy (SE); and abnormal prion protein (PrPres.) as detected in their CNS tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques. These findings demonstrate that intracerebrally inoculated cattle not only amplify TME PrPres but also develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of SE. The latter has not been shown with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) similarly inoculated into cattle. The findings also suggest that the diagnostic techniques currently used for confirmation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) would detect TME in cattle should it occur naturally. However, it would be a diagnostic challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology, or the presence of PrPres by IHC and WB. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Creighton Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov OI Bartz, Jason/0000-0003-4081-7886 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1354/vp.43-2-118 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 026MI UT WOS:000236342600002 PM 16537929 ER PT J AU Piacenti, AM King, DJ Seal, BS Zhang, J Brown, CC AF Piacenti, AM King, DJ Seal, BS Zhang, J Brown, CC TI Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in commercial and specific pathogen-free turkeys experimentally infected with isolates of different virulence SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus 1; emerging diseases; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; susceptibility; veterinary virology ID VIRUS; CHICKENS; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; GENE AB The pathogenesis of five different Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates representing all pathotypes was examined in commercial and specific pathogen-free (SPF) turkeys. Experimentally-infected birds were monitored clinically and euthanatized, with subsequent tissue collection, for examination by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry for the presence of NDV nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization for the presence of replicating virus. Clinically, the lentogenic pathotype did not cause overt clinical signs in either commercial or SPF turkeys. Mesogenic viruses caused depression in some birds. Turkeys infected with velogenic neurotropic and velogenic viscerotropic isolates showed severe depression, and neurologic signs. Histologic appearances for all strains had many similarities to lesions observed in chickens inoculated with the various isolates; that is, lesions were present predominantly in lymphoid, intestinal, and central nervous tissues. However, in general, disease among turkeys was less severe than in chickens, and turkeys could be considered a subclinical carrier for some of the isolates. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM corbrown@vet.uga.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1354/vp.43-2-168 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 026MI UT WOS:000236342600007 PM 16537934 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Huang, MK Zhao, X AF Lee, JW Bannerman, DD Paape, MJ Huang, MK Zhao, X TI Characterization of cytokine expression in milk somatic cells during intramammary infections with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus by real-time PCR SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mastitis; cytokine; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; SCC ID MAMMARY-GLAND; LIPOTEICHOIC ACID; WALL COMPONENTS; MESSENGER-RNA; RECEPTOR 2; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MASTITIS; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; INNATE AB The expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma, by milk somatic cells was characterized by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in dairy cows experimentally challenged with either E. coli ( n = 8) or S. aureus ( n = 8). The mRNA abundance of a target gene was calibrated with that of a reference gene (beta-actin) and expressed as fold of induction over the control quarter at each time point. At no single time point did all eight quarters challenged with the same type of bacteria demonstrated increased expression of a target gene and there was large variation among animals at each given time. As a consequence, most tested comparisons were not statistically significant except the peak time points of IL-8 expression (75- and 29-fold in glands challenged with E. coli and S. aureus, respectively). However, the average fold induction of all targeted cytokines was increased in response to both bacterial challenges with the exception of IFN-gamma. The expression of IFN-gamma was only increased in milk somatic cells isolated from E. coli, but not S. aureus, challenged mammary glands. Moreover, upregulated expression of cytokine genes had higher magnitudes and/or faster responses in glands challenged with E. coli in comparison with those challenged with S. aureus. We propose that the compromised upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in S. aureus infected glands may, at least partially, contribute to the chronic course of infection caused by this pathogen. Further research on identifying factors responsible for the differentially expressed cytokine profiles may be fundamental to developing strategies that mitigate the outcome of bovine mastitis. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Trop Agr & Int Cooperat, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan. ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM xin.zhao@mcgill.ca RI Zhao, Xin/M-4312-2015 OI Zhao, Xin/0000-0002-1078-7332 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1051/vetres:2005051 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 021RL UT WOS:000236002500004 PM 16472521 ER PT J AU Dirikolu, L Karpiesiuk, W Lehner, AE Hughes, C Woods, WE Harkins, JD Boyles, J Atkinson, A Granstrom, DE Tobin, T AF Dirikolu, L Karpiesiuk, W Lehner, AE Hughes, C Woods, WE Harkins, JD Boyles, J Atkinson, A Granstrom, DE Tobin, T TI New therapeutic approaches for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: Pharmacokinetics of diclazuril sodium salts in horses SO VETERINARY THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA AB Diclazuril, a triazine-based antiprotozoal agent, may have clinical application in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Diclazuril was rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations occurring at 8 to 24 hours after oral-mucosal administration of diclazuril sodium salt. The mean oral bioavailability of diclazuril as Clinacox was 9.5% relative to oral-mucosal administration of diclazuril sodium salt; diclazuril in dimethyl sulfoxide administered orally was 50% less bioavailable than with oral-mucosal administration of diclazuril sodium salt. Diclazuril sodium salt has the potential to be used as a feed additive for the treatment and prophylaxis of EPM and various other apicomplexan-mediated diseases. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Sect Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dirikolu, L (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI YARDLEY PA 780 TOWNSHIP LINE RD, YARDLEY, PA 19067-4200 USA SN 1528-3593 J9 VET THER JI Vet. Ther. PD SPR PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 52 EP + PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 031ZH UT WOS:000236743200006 PM 16598684 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Susaimuthu, J Gergerich, RC Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, IE Susaimuthu, J Gergerich, RC Martin, RR TI Nucleotide sequence of Blackberry yellow vein associated virus, a novel member of the Closteroviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crinivirus; Closteroviridae; Rubus; nucleotide sequence; yellow vein disease ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PLANT-VIRUSES; PROTEIN; HOMOLOG AB The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel member of the genus Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae), isolated from blackberry and tentatively named Blackberry yellow vein associated virus, was determined. The virus possesses a bipartite genome. RNA I is 7801 nucleotides in length and papain-like protease, methyltransferase, RNA helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs have been identified in the proteins coded for by this molecule. The polymerase is probably expressed via a +1 ribosomal; frameshift, a common feature among members of the Closteroviridae. RNA 2 is 7917 nucleotides long, and encodes nine open reading frames. similar in size and position to orthologous genes of other criniviruses with the exception of a second hydrophobic peptide found near the 5' terminus of the molecule. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Blackberry yellow vein associated virus and Beet pseudo yellows virus, another crinivirus that infects small fruit crops. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yannis@orst.edu RI Susaimuthu, James/A-8689-2008; Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.003 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 019VI UT WOS:000235864400022 PM 16332399 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Kathleen, AI Hallett, SG Renner, KA AF Davis, AS Kathleen, AI Hallett, SG Renner, KA TI Weed seed mortality in soils with contrasting agricultural management histories SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil properties; PCR-DGGE; soil microbial community; fungi; bacteria; principal-components analysis; nonmetric multidimensional scaling; weed seedbank ID COMPOSTED CHICKEN MANURE; TRICHODERMA-VIRENS; POSTDISPERSAL PREDATION; CROP; VELVETLEAF; DIVERSITY; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; DNA AB It has been proposed that cropping systems can be managed to promote the development of soil microbial communities that accelerate weed seed mortality We examined soil fungal and bacterial communities, soil C:N ratio, soil particle size fractions, and weed seed mortality in soil from fields with over 10 yr of five contrasting management histories with the objective of determining if seed mortality could be explained by differences in soil properties. Seed mortality of giant foxtail and velvetleaf were greatest in soil from the conventionally managed systems and lowest in soil from a reduced input system. Principal-components analysis of soil microbial communities, as determined through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal RNA genes (PCR-DGGE), showed distinct differences in the composition of fungal and bacterial communities among the study soils. The first principal component of the 18S rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis of fungal community composition showed a strong negative correlation with both giant foxtail (- 0.52, P < 0.05) and velvetleaf (- 0.57, P < 0.01) seed mortality, as did ordination with nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) [giant foxtail (- 0.54, P < 0.01) and velvetleaf (- 0.60, P < 0.01)], suggesting that seeds of the two species were affected similarly by changes in the soil fungal community. For giant foxtail, weed seed mortality was also positively correlated (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) with the first NMS axis of the bacterial 16S rDNA analysis. None of the other measured soil properties were significantly correlated with weed seed mortality. Thus, for the soils tested here, management history, microbial community composition, and weed seed mortality were linked. To extend these results to the field, more work is needed to identify components of the fungal and bacterial communities that are active in seed degradation, and to develop conservation biocontrol recommendations for these species. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weeds Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM asdavis1@uiuc.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 031UB UT WOS:000236728600013 ER PT J AU Donald, WW AF Donald, WW TI Estimated corn yields using either weed cover or rated control after pre-emergence herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; interference; weed; yield ID RELATIVE LEAF-AREA; ZEA-MAYS YIELD; CROP YIELD; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; DENSITY; MODELS; INTERFERENCE; PREDICTION; EMERGENCE; TIME AB Because soil-residual PRE herbicides reduce and delay annual weed emergence and decrease later weed growth, susceptible weeds surviving or recovering from herbicide treatment reduce crop yields less than do untreated weeds. Recently, corn yields were shown to be reduced differently by untreated weeds emerging in and between crop rows. However, equations have not been reported before that relate corn yield to inrow and between-row weed cover of mixed weed populations recovering from PRE soil-residual herbicides. Published data from PRE herbicide screening research for 3 site-yr in Missouri were reanalyzed to characterize this relation. In-row and between-row weed cover of mixed weed populations, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, were measured from photographs at midsummer. In 2 of 3 site-yr and with the 3 site-yr average, corn yields were a nonlinear function of both in-row and berween-row weed cover recovering from various PRE soil-residual herbicide treatments. Ill I of 3 site-yr, corn yields were a nonlinear function of only between-row total weed cover. Subdividing weed cover into in-row and between-row subpopulations in equations accounted for more data variability in yield estimates than including either subpopulation alone. For all 3 site-yr after PRE herbicide treatment, corn yields were a nonlinear function of only between-row visually rated total weed control. Visual evaluation was less sensitive than photographic weed cover for measuring the contribution of in-row weeds to corn yield loss and characterizing the functional form of the equations. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM DonaldW@Missouri.edu NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 031UB UT WOS:000236728600024 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Kreutner, B Clay, DE Reese, C Kleinjan, J Forcella, F AF Clay, SA Kreutner, B Clay, DE Reese, C Kleinjan, J Forcella, F TI Spatial distribution, temporal stability, and yield loss estimates for annual grasses and common ragweed (Ambrosia artimisiifolia) in a corn/soybean production field over nine years SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economic threshold; geostatistics; incremental yield loss; kriging; precision agriculture; site-specific weed management ID LAMBSQUARTERS CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; FOXTAIL SETARIA-FABERI; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; CORN ZEA-MAYS; WEED POPULATIONS; GREEN FOXTAIL; INTERFERENCE; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB Weeds generally occur in patches in production fields. Are these patches spatially and temporally stable? Do management recommendations change on the basis of these data? The population density and location of annual grass weeds and common ragweed were examined in a 65-ha corn/soybean production field from 1995 to 2004. Yearly treatment recommendations were developed from field means, medians, and kriging grid cell densities, using the hyperbolic yield loss (YL) equation and published incremental YL values (1), maximum YL values (A), and YL limits 2 of 5, . and 10, or 15%. Mean plant densities ranged from 12 to 131 annual grasses m < 1 to 37 common ragweed m(-2). Median weed densities ranged from 0 to 40 annual grasses m-2 and were 0 for common ragweed. The grass I values used to estimate corn YL were 0.1 and 2% and treatment was recommended in only 1 yr when the high I value and either the mean or median density was used. The grass I values used for soybean were 0.7 and 10% and estimated YL was over 10% all years, regardless of I value. The common ragweed I values were 4.5 and 6% for corn and 5.1 and 15.6% for soybean. On the basis of mean densities, fieldwide treatment would have been recommended in 6 of 9 yr but in no years when the median density was used. Recommendations on the basis of grid cell weed density and kriging ranged from > 80% of the field treated for grass weeds in 3 of 4 yr in soybean to < 20% of the field created for common ragweed in 2002 and 2004 (corn). Grass patches were more stable in time, space, and density than common ragweed patches. Population densities and spatial distribution generally were variable enough so that site-specific information within this field would improve weed management decisions. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Sharon.clay@sdstate.edu NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 031UB UT WOS:000236728600025 ER PT J AU Berisford, YC Bush, PB Taylor, JW AF Berisford, YC Bush, PB Taylor, JW TI Leaching and persistence of herbicides for kudzu (Pueraria montana) control on pine regeneration sites SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE groundwater contamination; herbicide dissipation; lysimeter ID METSULFURON-METHYL; SOILS; FATE; CHLORSULFURON; DEGRADATION; TRICLOPYR; MOVEMENT; SORPTION; TEBUTHIURON; DISSIPATION AB Clopyralid, picloram, triclopyr, metsulfuron, and rebuthiuron were applied to control kudzu on four loblolly pine forest regeneration sites during July 1997. Spot treatments were applied to recovering kudzu in June 1998 and June 1999. Soil leachate was monitored for these five herbicides from July 1997 to December 2000. All herbicides were detected in shallow (51-58 cm deep) and deep lysimeters (84-109 cm deep). Clopyralid was not persistent and limited leaching occurred, with residue levels of 0.4 to 2.8 mu g L-1 in 12 of 102 deep lysimeter samples. Picloram was mobile and persisted at 0.6 to 2.5 mu g L-1 in shallow and deep lysimeters for at least 10 mo after the initial application. Triclopyr residues were not persistent in shallow lysimeters and remained < 6 mu g L-1 during the study Metsulfuron persisted at < 0.1 mu g L-1 for 182 to 353 d in shallow lysimeters and at < 0.07 mu g L-1 for 182 to 300 d in the deep lysimeters in various plots. Tebuthiuron peaks in the deep lysimeters ranged from 69 to 734 mu g L-1 34 to 77 d after the first spot treatment. In the soil that was essentially a fill area, tebuthiuron residues remained > 400 mu g L-1 (4021,660 Rg L-1) in the shallow lysimeter samples and > 180 mu g L-1 (181-734 mu g L-1) in the deep lysimeters throughout a 354-d period that followed the first spot application. When used as part of a forest regeneration program, the relative potentials of the herbicides to move into shallow groundwater were: tebuthiuron > picloram > metsulfiron > clopyralid > triclopyr. C1 Univ Georgia, Agr & Environm Serv Labs, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Reg Forest Hlth Protect, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Berisford, YC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Agr & Environm Serv Labs, 2300 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yvetteb@uga.edu NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 54 IS 2 BP 391 EP 400 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 031UB UT WOS:000236728600026 ER PT J AU Dwire, KA Kauffman, JB Baham, JE AF Dwire, KA Kauffman, JB Baham, JE TI Plant species distribution in relation to water-table depth and soil redox potential in Montane riparian meadows SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland indicators; plant species richness; plant species diversity; water-table depth; montane riparian meadows; oxidation-reduction potential; Blue Mountains; Oregon ID HEADWATER STREAMS; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; GRADIENT; ECOLOGY; ZONES; MARSH; RESTORATION AB The distribution of riparian plant species is largely driven by hydrologic and soil variables, and riparian plant communities frequently occur in relatively distinct zones along streamside. elevational and soil textural gradients. In two montane meadows in northeast Oregon, USA, we examined plant species distribution in three riparian plant communities-defined as wet. moist, and dry meadow-along short topographic gradients. We established transects from streamside wet meadow communities to the dry meadow communities located on the floodplain terrace. Within each of the three communities, we sampled plant species composition and cover and monitored water-table depth and soil redox potential (E-h) at 10- and 25-cm depths through three growing seasons (1997, 1998, and 1999). The Study objectives were (1) to characterize and compare seasonal patterns of water-table depth and soil redox potential in portions of the floodplain dominated by the three different plant communities; (2) to compare plant species composition, distribution, and diversity among the three communities; and (3) to relate plant species diversity and distribution to watertable depth and redox potential. Strong environmental gradients existed along the transects. Water-table depth followed the seasonal patterns of stream stage and discharge and was consistently highest in the wet meadow communities (ranging from +26 cm above the soil surface to -37 cm below the Surface), lowest in the city meadow Communities (-8 cm to - 115 cm), and intermediate in the moist meadow communities (+17 cm to -73 cm). Dynamics of redox potential were associated with the seasonal fluctuations in water-table depth and differed among the plant communities. In the wet meadow communities, anaerobic soil conditions (E-h <= 300 mV) occurred from March through July at 10-cm depth and throughout the year at 25-cm depth. In the moist meadow communities, soils were anaerobic during spring high flows and aerobic in summer and fall during low flows. In the dry meadow communities, soil conditions were predominantly aerobic throughout the year at both depths. Wet meadow communities were dominated by sedges (Carex spp.) and had the lowest species richness and diversity, whereas dry meadow communities were composed of a mixture of grasses and forbs and had the greatest number of species. Species richness and total plant cover were negatively correlated with mean water-table depth and positively correlated with mean redox potential at 10 cm and 25-cm depths (P < 0.01). Distribution of the 18 most abundant plant species in relation to watertable depth and soil redox potential showed that certain species, such as the obligate wetland sedges, occurred within a fairly restricted range of water-table depth, whereas other graminoids Occurred over wide ranges. These results Suggest that the biological diversity often observed in montane riparian meadows is strongly related to steep environmental gradients in hydrology and soil redox status. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dwire, KA (reprint author), Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM kadwire@fs.fed.us NR 84 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 54 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 131 EP 146 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[131:PSDIRT]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029ZO UT WOS:000236603100013 ER PT J AU Szuch, RP White, JG Vepraskas, MJ Doolittle, JA AF Szuch, RP White, JG Vepraskas, MJ Doolittle, JA TI Application of ground penetrating radar to aid restoration planning for a drained Carolina Bay SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE wetland hydrology; aquitards; lacustrine deposits; fluvial deposits ID COASTAL-PLAIN; STRATIGRAPHY; NETHERLANDS; WETLAND; BEDROCK AB Clayey subsurface strata in precipitation-driven wetlands act as aquitards that retain water and can affect wetland hydrology. If the aquitard layers have been cut through by drainage ditches, then restoring wetland hydrology to such sites may be more difficult because of the need to fill ditches completely with low hydraulic conductivity material. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted to determine the depth and continuity of shallow clay layers and identify those that have been pierced by drainage ditches at Juniper Bay, a 300-ha drained Carolina bay in North Carolina, USA that will be restored. Carolina bays are a wetland type that occur as numerous, shallow, oval-shaped depressions along the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The GPR interpretations found that moderately fine-textured (clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam) and fine-textured (sandy clay, silty clay, clay) aquitards underlay coarser-textured horizons in most of the bay at an average depth of 1.6 m. Extensive ground truthing showed that, on average, GPR predicted the depth to these aquitards to within 16% of their actual depth. An atypical GPR reflection in the southeast sector of the bay was interpreted as a fluvial deposit without aquitards until a depth of 3 to 5 in. This area may require different restoration strategies than the rest of the bay. By comparing the depths of aquitards and drainage ditches, several areas were identified as likely locations of ditch-induced aquitard discontinuity that may require filling or lining of suspect ditches to prevent potential water losses if there are downward hydraulic gradients. Cost estimates by two professional firms indicated that GPR could provide large volumes of data with cost and time efficiency. GPR surveys are proposed as a useful tool for characterizing potential wetland restoration sites on the Atlantic Coastal Plain and other regions with similar soils. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Szuch, RP (reprint author), Blasland Bouck & Lee Inc, 8 S River Rd, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. EM jeff_white@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[205:AOGPRT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029ZO UT WOS:000236603100018 ER PT J AU Cheng, H AF Cheng, H TI Morphopathological changes and pain in beak trimmed laying hens SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE beak trimming; pathology; pain; chickens ID GALLUS-VAR-DOMESTICUS; PHANTOM LIMB PAIN; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; FEATHER PECKING; ANATOMICAL CONSEQUENCES; FEED EFFICIENCIES; NEUROMA FORMATION; INJURED NERVE; WEIGHT GAINS; BODY-WEIGHT AB Beak trimming is routinely practiced in the poultry industry to reduce the incidence of feather pecking, aggression, and cannibalism in egg layers. Feather pecking is painful to birds and potentially induces cannibalism. Cannibalism happens in all current housing environments, cage- and free-production systems, and is one of the major causes of bird death in commercial laying hens without beak trimming. However, beak trimming has solicited a great deal of debate concerning the relative advantage and disadvantage of the practice and its impact on welfare. A bird's beak is a complex functional organ with an extensive nerve supply and various sensory receptors. Beak trimming may cause pain (acute, chronic, or both) in trimmed birds due to tissue damage and nerve injury. The complexity and plasticity of the nervous system and the animal's inability to communicate verbally make pain difficult to measure directly. However, pain in animals can be recognized and assessed using physiological and behavioural parameters in response to noxious events. When evaluating whether an animal is experiencing pain, a distinction should be made between what an animal may feel and what a human observing the animal may feel. It should be noted that beak trimming-induced pain in birds is genetic-, lesion-, and age-dependent. Based on the updated information, the author would like to indicate that 1) with some genetic flocks of laying hens, if beak trimming is needed to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism, it should be conducted at hatchery or younger than 10 days of age; 2) however, the most desirable approach is to eliminate beak trimming through a genetic selection of birds with less cannibalistic and aggressive tendencies, and 3) another solution is to develop an alternative means of trimming that has fewer painful implications and safeguards welfare before non-cannibalistic stocks are commercially available. C1 ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 99 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 21 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 62 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1079/WPS200583 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 017WC UT WOS:000235723000004 ER PT J AU Zaleta-Rivera, K Xu, CP Yu, FG Butchko, RAE Proctor, RH Hidalgo-Lara, ME Raza, A Dussault, PH Du, LC AF Zaleta-Rivera, K Xu, CP Yu, FG Butchko, RAE Proctor, RH Hidalgo-Lara, ME Raza, A Dussault, PH Du, LC TI A bidomain nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoded by FUM14 catalyzes the formation of tricarballylic esters in the biosynthesis of fumonisins SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; GIBBERELLA-MONILIFORMIS; HYDROLYZED FUMONISIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; C-5 HYDROXYLATION; MYCOTOXINS; GENE; B-1; METABOLITES AB Fumonisins are a group of polyketide-derived mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides, a filamentous fungus infecting corn and contaminating food and feeds. Fumonisins contain two tricarballylic esters that are critical for toxicity. Here, we present genetic and biochemical data for the esterification mechanism. FUM14 in F. verticillioides has been deleted by homologous recombination, and the resultant mutant lost the ability to produce fumonisins. Two new metabolites, HFB3 and HFB4, which are biosynthetic precursors of fumonisins lacking the tricarballylic esters, were detected in the mutant. The results suggest that FUM14 is required for the esterification of fumonisins. FUM14 was predicted to encode a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) containing two domains, peptidyl carrier protein and condensation domain. Both the intact Fum14p and the condensation domain have been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified for activity assays. Fum14p was able to convert HFB3 and HFB4 to the tricarballylic esters-containing fumonisins, FB3 and FB4, respectively, when incubated with tricarballylic thioester of N-acetylcysteamine. In addition, the condensation domain was able to convert HFB1 to FB1. These data provide direct evidence for the role of Fum14p in the esterification of fumonisins. More interestingly, the results are the first example of an NRPS condensation domain catalyzing a C-O bond (ester) formation, instead of the typical C-N bond (amide) formation in nonribosomal peptides. The understanding of the esterification mechanism provides useful knowledge for mycotoxin reduction and elimination. The study also provides new insight into the reactions catalyzed by NRPS. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Dept Biotecnol & Bioingn, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Du, LC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, 729 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ldu@uniserve.unl.edu NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2561 EP 2569 DI 10.1021/bi052085s PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 018VG UT WOS:000235792300012 PM 16489749 ER PT J AU do Carmo, JB Keller, M Dias, JD de Camargo, PB Crill, P AF do Carmo, JB Keller, M Dias, JD de Camargo, PB Crill, P TI A source of methane from upland forests in the Brazilian Amazon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL TROPICAL FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RAIN-FOREST; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; TERMITES; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; BASIN; ECOSYSTEM AB We sampled air in the canopy layer of undisturbed upland forests during wet and dry seasons at three sites in the Brazilian Amazon region and found that both methane (CH(4)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) mixing ratios increased at night. Such increases were consistent across sites and seasons. A canopy layer budget model based on measured soil-atmosphere fluxes of CO(2) was constructed to estimate ecosystem CH(4) emission. We estimate that net CH(4) emission in upland forests ranged from 2 to 21 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1). While the origin of this CH(4) source is unknown, these ground based measurements are consistent with recent findings based on satellite observations that indicate a large, unidentified source of CH(4) in tropical forest regions. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Enegia Nucl Agr, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Stockholm, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USP, ESALQ, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Int Inst Trop Agr, Forest Serv, San Juan, PR USA. RP do Carmo, JB (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Enegia Nucl Agr, Av Centenario,303, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM michael@kaos.sr.unh.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Carmo, Janaina/D-5648-2013; Camargo, Plinio/D-6635-2012; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04809 DI 10.1029/2005GL025436 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021OT UT WOS:000235993200005 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Song, B Chen, JQ Zheng, DL Crow, TR AF Wang, XL Song, B Chen, JQ Zheng, DL Crow, TR TI Visualizing forest landscapes using public data sources SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE visualization; stein density; tree height; public dataset; landscape; forest structure ID REALISM; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; GIS AB Three-dimensional (3-D) visualizations of forest landscapes are quantitative ecological information-based techniques that can be used to visualize forest structure, dynamics, landscape transformations and regional plans. Visualizing forests and landscapes with limited ground observations are often the primary challenge for quality animations. Conducting stand-level field surveys over a large forest area is time consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. An alternative is to use existing public datasets. We used the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database and other existing vegetation data, classified Landsat TM imagery, measurements of tree architecture and Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) to visualize a forest landscape in the Washburn District of the Chequamegon National Forest (CNF) in northern Wisconsin to generate useful information for resource management at multiple scales. Realistic images for tree species were designed using the Tree Professional 5 software package. Empirical models were developed to calculate necessary information such as tree height and stand density from DBH. basal area and species composition. The 3-D visualizations were developed at stand and landscape levels within Visual Nature Studio 2.01. Different perspectives of the forest and landscape were visualized through zooming, variable latitudes and flying through. Potential applications of these animations are discussed within a context of alternative management of forests and landscapes (e.g.. fire and harvesting), public education and decision-making processes. Results from our stud demonstrate that public datasets are suitable for visualizing the dynamics of forests and landscapes, although precisely visualizing forest history is still challenging. It is appropriate to use FIA data for stand level visualization and existing vegetation data for landscape scale visualization. With these different public data sources, forests can be visualized at levels varying from a single stand to the landscape/regional level. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Wildlife Fish Water & Air Res, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, POB 596, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. EM wang@lakeheadu.ca RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; OI Wang, Xianli/0000-0001-9873-9767 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.landurbanplan.2004.12.010 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 004SD UT WOS:000234771600010 ER PT J AU de Colstoun, ECB Walthall, CL AF de Colstoun, ECB Walthall, CL TI Improving global scale land cover classifications with multi-directional POLDER data and a decision tree classifier SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE global land cover; BRDF; decision tree ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; DATA SET; FACTOR DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION CANOPIES; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE DATA; AVHRR DATA; SURFACE; MODEL AB Several investigations indicate that the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) contains information that can be used to complement spectral information for improved land cover classification accuracies. Prior studies on the addition of BRDF information to improve land cover classifications have been conducted primarily at local or regional scales. Thus, the potential benefits of adding BRDF information to improve global to continental scale land cover classification have not yet been explored. Here we examine the impact of multidirectional global scale data from the first Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER) spacecraft instrument flown on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS-1) platform on overall classification accuracy and per-class accuracies for 15 land cover categories specified by the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP). A set of 36,648 global training pixels (7 x 6 km spatial resolution) was used with a decision tree classifier to evaluate the performance of classifying POLDER data with and without the inclusion of BRDF information. BRDF 'metrics' for the eight-month POWER on ADEOS-1 archive (10/1996-06/1997) were developed that describe the temporal evolution of the BRDF as captured by a semi-empirical BRDF model. The concept of BRDF 'feature space' is introduced and used to explore and exploit the bidirectional information content. The C5.0 decision tree classifier was applied with a boosting option, with the temporal metrics for spectral albedo as input for a first test, and with spectral albedo and BRDF metrics for a second test. Results were evaluated against 20 random subsets of the training data. Examination of the BRDF feature space indicates that coarse scale BRDF coefficients from POLDER provide information on land cover that is different from the spectral and temporal information of the imagery. The contribution of BRDF information to reducing classification errors is also demonstrated: the addition of BRDF metrics reduces the mean, overall classification error rates by 3.15% (from 18.1% to 14.95% error) with larger improvements for producer's accuracies of individual classes such as Grasslands (+8.71%), Urban areas (+8.02%), and Wetlands (+7.82%). User's accuracies for the Urban (+7.42%) and Evergreen Broadleaf Forest (+6.70%) classes are also increased. The methodology and results are widely applicable to current multidirectional satellite data from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and to the next generation of POLDER-like multi-directional instruments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP de Colstoun, ECB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ericbdc@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 018GZ UT WOS:000235753700004 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, EJ Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Orav, EJ Dawson-Hughes, B TI Effect of cholecalciferol plus calcium on falling in ambulatory older men and women - A 3-year randomized controlled trial SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW CREATININE CLEARANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY SCALE; VITAMIN-D; RISK-FACTORS; HYPOVITAMINOSIS D; FICSIT TRIALS; ELDERLY-WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; METAANALYSIS; STRENGTH AB Background: A recent meta-analysis found that cholecalciferol ( vitamin D) should reduce falls by more than 20%. However, little is known about whether supplemental cholecalciferol plus calcium citrate malate will lower the long-term risk of falling in men, active older individuals, and older individuals with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Methods: We studied the effect of 3-year supplementation with cholecalciferol-calcium on the risk of falling at least once in 199 men and 246 women 65 years or older and living at home. Individuals received 700 IU of cholecalciferol plus 500 mg of calcium citrate malate per day or placebo in a randomized double-blind manner. Subjects were classified as less physically active if physical activity was below the median level. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were classified as those below 32 ng/mL ( < 80 nmol/L). Results: In 3 years, 55% of women and 45% of men reported at least 1 fall. Mean +/- SD baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 26.6 +/- 12.7 ng/mL (66.4 +/- 31.7 nmol/L) in women and 33.2 +/- 14.2 ng/mL (82.9 +/- 34.9) in men. Cholecalciferol-calcium significantly reduced the odds of falling in women ( odds ratio [ OR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.97), but not in men ( OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.50-1.72). Fall reduction was most pronounced in less active women ( OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.81). Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level did not modulate the treatment effect. Conclusions: Long-term dietary cholecalciferol-calcium supplementation reduces the odds of falling in ambulatory older women by 46%, and especially in less active women by 65%. Supplementation had a neutral effect in men independent of their physical activity level. C1 Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Heike.Bischoff@usz.ch FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 37 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 166 IS 4 BP 424 EP 430 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017YW UT WOS:000235730400007 PM 16505262 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Christie, RJ Grainger, DW Stoffregen, WS AF Olsen, SC Christie, RJ Grainger, DW Stoffregen, WS TI Immunologic responses of bison to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51: Comparison of parenteral to ballistic delivery via compressed pellets or photopolymerized hydrogels SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE bison; Brucella abortus; RB51; vaccine; photopolymerized polyethylene glycol ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INDUCTION; PATHOLOGY; TYPE-1 AB This study compared responses of bison calves to 10(10)CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) delivered by parenteral or ballistic methods. Two types of biobullet payloads were evaluated; compacted SRB51 pellets or SRB51 encapsulated in photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Bison were vaccinated with saline, parenteral SRB51, alone, or in combination with Spirovac (TM), or ballistically with compressed SRB51 or hydrogel biobullets. Bison parenterally vaccinated with SRB51 had greater (P < 0.05) immunologic responses when compared to control bison. Co-administration of Spirovac (TM) as an adjuvant did not influence immunologic responses. As compared to compressed SRB51 biobullets, ballistic vaccination with hydrogel biobullets increased cellular immune responses at some sampling times. Our data suggest that hydrogel formulations of SRB51 may be a superior alternative to compressed SRB51 tablets for ballistic vaccination of bison. Although preliminary, data suggests that immunologic responses of bison to SRB51 hydrogel bullets are similar to responses after parenteral vaccination with SRB51. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1346 EP 1353 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.09.034 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 019VG UT WOS:000235864200015 PM 16236400 ER PT J AU Christie, RJ Findley, DJ Dunfee, M Hansen, RD Olsen, SC Grainger, DW AF Christie, RJ Findley, DJ Dunfee, M Hansen, RD Olsen, SC Grainger, DW TI Photopolymerized hydrogel carriers for live vaccine ballistic delivery SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hydrogel; encapsulation; Brucella ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; BISON BISON-BISON; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; L-LACTIDE; IN-VITRO; TISSUE; INFECTION AB Photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-crosslinked hydrogels were assessed for their ability to serve as a payload vehicle to deliver a viable bacterial vaccine (Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) to bison in Yellowstone National Park) ballistically using thermoplastic degradable Biobullets. PEG modified with degradable glycolide or lactide oligomers capped with photopolymerizable methacrylate groups served to crosslink the hydrogel vaccine carrier inside commercial hydroxypropylcellulose Biobullets. Release of 1 mu m diameter model fluorescent particles from hydrogels followed known degradation trends for glycolide- and lacticle-modified PEG hydrogels. All particles were released from PEG-co-glycolide hydrogels after similar to 10 days and PEG-co-lactide hydrogels after similar to 45 days following gel degradation. Minimal particle release was observed from pure PEG dimethacrylate hydrogels over 40 days. P aeruginosa (strain PAO1) and RB51 live vaccines exhibit excellent viability following exposure to photopolymerization encapsulation within these gel matrices. Hydrogels photopolymerized into the payload chamber of Biobullets exhibit similar ballistic properties to commercially available Biobullets and penetrate and remain intact when fired intramuscularly into live elk for release of their gel payload in the host. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. SolidTech Anim Hlth Inc, Newcastle, OK 73065 USA. USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Grainger, DW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, 200 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.grainger@colostate.edu NR 56 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 27 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1462 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.05.048 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 019VG UT WOS:000235864200031 PM 16246467 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Huong, VD AF Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Huong, VD TI Aedes (Finlaya) alongi Galliard and Ngu (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini): description of the female, redescription of the fourth-instar larva, and reassignment to genus Bothaella Reinert SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Bothaella alongi; mosquito; Diptera; Culicidae; Aedini AB The female of Aedes ( Finlaya) alongi is described for the first time and the fourth-instar larva is redescribed in detail. The species is reassigned to Bothaella and compared to other species of the genus. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, Washington, DC USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. Natl Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jreinert@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu; r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk; nimpehanoi@hn.vnn.vn NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 27 PY 2006 IS 1135 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 015LA UT WOS:000235551700003 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR TI Advances in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and pathogenesis: What policy makers need to know SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP CVERA DE cattle; Cervidae; deer; diagnosis; mycobacteria; Mycobacterium bovis; pathology; tuberculosis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CATTLE; TEST-REACTOR CATTLE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RESPIRATORY TRACTS; CROSS-REACTIVITY AB The mainstay of tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle and deer has been the tuberculin skin test. Recent advances have allowed the incorporation of blood based assays to the diagnostic arsenal for both cattle and deer. Use of defined and specific antigens has allowed for improved specificity of cell mediated assays in both cattle and deer and advances in antibody tests for tuberculosis have potential for use in free-ranging and captive cervid populations. Combined use of blood-based assays with skin testing will require further understanding of the effect of skin testing on the accuracy of blood based assays. Models of experimental infection of cattle have allowed for increased understanding of natural disease pathogenesis. Differences likely exist; however, between cattle and deer in both disease distribution and primary route of inoculation in naturally infected animals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.028 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 013GI UT WOS:000235397400011 PM 16326040 ER PT J AU Kaneene, JB Miller, R Meyer, RM AF Kaneene, JB Miller, R Meyer, RM TI Abattoir surveillance: The US experience SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP CVERA DE Mycobacterium bovis; abattoir surveillance; slaughter surveillance; bovine tuberculosis; M. bovis; epidemiology AB Abattoir, or slaughter, surveillance has been an important component of bovine tuberculosis control and eradication programs in the U.S., and has adapted to changes in the livestock market from farm to table, and the threat of bovine tuberculosis from a wildlife reservoir. The purpose of this overview was to describe the current goals of U.S. bovine tuberculosis slaughter surveillance, describe the elements of slaughter surveillance in the U.S., describe enhancements to the slaughter surveillance system, and discuss future challenges for the U.S. bovine tuberculosis surveillance program. Government regulations and the scientific literature were examined to provide information for this paper. The control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis in livestock falls to the United States Department of Agriculture and two agencies within the Department: the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). FSIS conducts routine slaughter surveillance for disease or conditions that render carcasses unsuitable for human consumption, while APHIS is involved in antemortern bovine tuberculosis testing, and necropsy and investigation of bovine tuberculosis cases identified through slaughter surveillance or antemortern testing. Results from the previous 5 years of surveillance are presented. Enhancements have been added to the current surveillance system to improve its performance. An incentive program has been used to increase the numbers of tissues submitted for laboratory examination, the state of Michigan is implementing electronic animal identification under a pilot program, and expansions to the current system are being developed to accommodate new livestock industries. The success of these programs and challenges for the future are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Populat Med Ctr, Vet Med Ctr A109, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kaneene, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Populat Med Ctr, Vet Med Ctr A109, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kaneene@cvm.msu.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB 25 PY 2006 VL 112 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.018 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 013GI UT WOS:000235397400021 PM 16326037 ER PT J AU Page, GP Edwards, JW Gadbury, GL Yelisetti, P Wang, JL Trivedi, P Allison, DB AF Page, GP Edwards, JW Gadbury, GL Yelisetti, P Wang, JL Trivedi, P Allison, DB TI The PowerAtlas: a power and sample size atlas for microarray experimental design and research SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA MICROARRAY; VARIANCE AB Background: Microarrays permit biologists to simultaneously measure the mRNA abundance of thousands of genes. An important issue facing investigators planning microarray experiments is how to estimate the sample size required for good statistical power. What is the projected sample size or number of replicate chips needed to address the multiple hypotheses with acceptable accuracy? Statistical methods exist for calculating power based upon a single hypothesis, using estimates of the variability in data from pilot studies. There is, however, a need for methods to estimate power and/or required sample sizes in situations where multiple hypotheses are being tested, such as in microarray experiments. In addition, investigators frequently do not have pilot data to estimate the sample sizes required for microarray studies. Results: To address this challenge, we have developed a Microrarray PowerAtlas [1]. The atlas enables estimation of statistical power by allowing investigators to appropriately plan studies by building upon previous studies that have similar experimental characteristics. Currently, there are sample sizes and power estimates based on 632 experiments from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The PowerAtlas also permits investigators to upload their own pilot data and derive power and sample size estimates from these data. This resource will be updated regularly with new datasets from GEO and other databases such as The Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center (NASC). Conclusion: This resource provides a valuable tool for investigators who are planning efficient microarray studies and estimating required sample sizes. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Page, GP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biostat, Sect Stat Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM gpage@uab.edu; jode@iatsate.edu; gadburyg@umr.edu; shanth1@uab.edu; jwang@ms.soph.uab.edu; ptrivedi@uab.edu; dallison@uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P50AT00477, P50 AT000477] NR 16 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 84 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-7-84 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 019HS UT WOS:000235826800001 PM 16504070 ER PT J AU Ratushna, VG Sturgill, DM Ramamoorthy, S Reichow, SA He, YQ Lathigra, R Sriranganathan, N Halling, SM Boyle, SM Gibas, CJ AF Ratushna, VG Sturgill, DM Ramamoorthy, S Reichow, SA He, YQ Lathigra, R Sriranganathan, N Halling, SM Boyle, SM Gibas, CJ TI Molecular targets for rapid identification of Brucella spp SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR THERMODYNAMICS; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; GENOME SEQUENCE; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; GENUS BRUCELLA; IV SECRETION; INCP PLASMID; MELITENSIS; ABORTUS; GENES AB Background: Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and humans. There are six recognized species of Brucella that differ in their host preference. The genomes of the three Brucella species have been recently sequenced. Comparison of the three revealed over 98% sequence similarity at the protein level and enabled computational identification of common and differentiating genes. We validated these computational predictions and examined the expression patterns of the putative unique and differentiating genes, using genomic and reverse transcription PCR. We then screened a set of differentiating genes against classical Brucella biovars and showed the applicability of these regions in the design of diagnostic tests. Results: We have identified and tested set of molecular targets that are associated in unique patterns with each of the sequenced Brucella spp. A comprehensive comparison was made among the published genome sequences of B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis. The comparison confirmed published differences between the three Brucella genomes, and identified subsets of features that were predicted to be of interest in a functional comparison of B. melitensis and B. suis to B. abortus. Differentiating sequence regions from B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis were used to develop PCR primers to test for the existence and in vitro transcription of these genes in these species. Only B. suis is found to have a significant number of unique genes, but combinations of genes and regions that exist in only two out of three genomes and are therefore useful for diagnostics were identified and confirmed. Conclusion: Although not all of the differentiating genes identified were transcribed under steady state conditions, a group of genes sufficient to discriminate unambiguously between B. suis, B. melitensis, and B. abortus was identified. We present an overview of these genomic differences and the use of these features to discriminate among a number of Brucella biovars. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Coll Informat Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Unit Lab Anim Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Gibas, CJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Coll Informat Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM vgratush@uncc.edu; davidsturgill@niddk.nih.gov; sheelar@vt.edu; Sherry.Reichow@hsi.dhs.gov; yongqunh@umich.edu; Raju.Lathigra@na.amedd.army.mil; nathans@vt.edu; shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov; smboyle@vt.edu; cgibas@uncc.edu OI Gibas, Cynthia/0000-0002-1288-9543; He, Yongqun/0000-0001-9189-9661 NR 54 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-6-13 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 025NM UT WOS:000236273100001 PM 16504063 ER PT J AU Regitano, JB Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ AF Regitano, JB Koskinen, WC Sadowsky, MJ TI Influence of soil aging on sorption and bioavailability of simazine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE simazine; bioavailability; aged residues; sorption-desorption ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TROPICAL SOILS; ATRAZINE CHLOROHYDROLASE; SORBED ATRAZINE; PSEUDOMONAS SP; RESIDUES; DESORPTION; MATTER; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION AB Characterization of pesticide bioavailability, particularly in aged soils, is of continued interest because this information is necessary for environmental risk assessment. However, pesticide bioavailability in aged soils has been characterized by a variety of methods with limited success, due in part to methodological limitations. The objective of this study was to use solvent extraction methods to correlate simazine residue bioavailability in aged soils to simazine mineralization using a simazine-mineralizing bacterium. Soils from Brazil, Hawaii, and the midwestern United States were treated with UL-ring-labeled [C-14]Simazine and incubated for up to 8 weeks. At the end of each incubation period, soils were either incubated further, extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2, or extracted with aqueous methanol (80:20 v/v methanol/water). In a parallel experiment, after each incubation period, soils were inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, which is capable of rapidly mineralizing simazine, and (CO2)-C-14 was determined. The inoculated soil samples were then extracted with 0.01 N CaCl2 and with aqueous methanol. This allowed for the evaluation of the bioavailability of aged simazine residues, without the contribution of simazine desorption from soil. Results of these studies indicated that simazine sorption to soil increased with aging and that amounts of simazine in aged soils extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 and aqueous methanol were highly correlated to amounts of simazine mineralized by Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. Consequently, 0.01 M CaCl2/methanolextractable simazine in aged soils can be used to estimate bioavailable residues. This technique may be useful in determining the bioavailability of other s-triazine compounds in soils. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Ecotoxicol, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; Regitano, Jussara/C-3437-2012 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1021/jf052343s PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 016NV UT WOS:000235627800056 PM 16478262 ER PT J AU Stannard, DI Weltz, MA AF Stannard, DI Weltz, MA TI Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLOSED-CHAMBER; MONSOON 90; EDDY-CORRELATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; BOWEN-RATIO; H2O FLUXES; HEAT FLUX; FIELD; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE AB A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed-species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was dry. The chamber measurements were assembled into landscape ET using a simple geometric model of the vegetated land surface. Chamber estimates of landscape ET were well correlated with, but about 26% greater than, simultaneous eddy-correlation measurements. Excessive air speed inside the chamber appears to be the primary cause of the overestimate. Overall, transpiration accounted for 84% of landscape ET, and bare soil evaporation for 16%. Desert zinnia, a small (similar to 0.1 m high) but abundant species, was the greatest water user, both per unit area of shrub and of landscape. Partitioning of ET into components varied as a function of air temperature and shallow soil moisture. Transpiration from shorter species was more highly correlated with air temperature whereas transpiration from taller species was more highly correlated with shallow soil moisture. Application of these results to a full drying cycle between rainfalls at a similar site suggests that during the monsoon, ET at such sites may be about equally partitioned between transpiration and bare soil evaporation. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stannard, DI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM distanna@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 22 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 AR W02413 DI 10.1029/2005WR004251 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 021FY UT WOS:000235970300002 ER PT J AU Chen, LWA Moosmuller, H Arnott, WP Chow, JC Watson, JG AF Chen, LWA Moosmuller, H Arnott, WP Chow, JC Watson, JG TI Particle emissions from laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: In situ optical and mass measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION; DIESEL PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; INSTRUMENTS; AEROSOLS; SIZE AB Time-resolved optical properties of smoke particles from the controlled laboratory combustion of mid-latitude wildland fuels were determined for the first time using advanced techniques, including cavity ring-down/cavity enhanced detection (CRD/CED) for light extinction and two-wavelength photoacoustic detection for light absorption. This experiment clearly resolves the dependence of smoke properties on fuel and combustion phase. Intensive flaming combustion during ponderosa pine wood (PPW) burning produces particles with a low single scattering albedo of 0.32 and a specific mass extinction efficiency of 8.9 m(2) g(-1). Burning white pine needles (WPN) features a prolonged smoldering phase emitting particles that are not light-absorbing and appear much larger in size with an extinction efficiency approximate to 5 m(2) g(-1). A Mie scattering model was formulated, which estimates the black carbon fraction in the PPW and WPN smoke particles at 66% and 12%, respectively. These observations may refine the current radiative forcing estimates for biomass burning emissions. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Chen, LWA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM lung-wen.chen@dri.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Chen, Lung-Wen/J-5792-2015; OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Chen, Lung-Wen/0000-0002-2311-7506; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 AR L04803 DI 10.1029/2005GL024838 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 021DV UT WOS:000235964800002 ER PT J AU Balmer, Y Vensel, WH Cai, N Manieri, W Schurmann, P Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB AF Balmer, Y Vensel, WH Cai, N Manieri, W Schurmann, P Hurkman, WJ Buchanan, BB TI A complete ferredoxin/thioredoxin system regulates fundamental processes in amyloplasts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE redox regulation; target proteins; ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; FERREDOXIN-NADP REDUCTASE; THIOREDOXIN-H; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WHEAT ENDOSPERM; NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES; PLASTIDIAL THIOREDOXINS; STARCH DEGRADATION; PISUM-SATIVUM AB A growing number of processes throughout biology are regulated by redox via thiol-disulfide exchange. This mechanism is particularly widespread in plants, where almost 200 proteins have been linked to thioredoxin (Trx), a widely distributed small regulatory disulfide protein. The current study extends regulation by Trx to amyloplasts, organelles prevalent in heterotrophic plant tissues that, among other biosynthetic activities, catalyze the synthesis and storage of copious amounts of starch. Using proteomics and immunological methods, we identified the components of the ferredoxin/Trx system (ferredoxin, ferredoxin-Trx reductase, and Trx), originally described for chloroplasts, in amyloplasts isolated from wheat starchy endosperm. Ferredoxin is reduced not by light, as in chloroplasts, but by metabolically generated NADPH via ferredoxin-NADP reductase. However, once reduced, ferredoxin appears to act as established for chloroplasts, i.e., via ferredoxin-Trx reductase and a Trx (m-type). A proteomics approach in combination with affinity chromatography and a fluorescent thiol probe led to the identification of 42 potential Trx target proteins, 13 not previously recognized, including a major membrane transporter (Brittle-1 or ADP-glucose transporter). The proteins function in a range of processes in addition to starch metabolism: biosynthesis of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides; protein folding; and several miscellaneous reactions. The results suggest a mechanism whereby light is initially recognized as a thiol signal in chloroplasts, then as a sugar during transit to the sink, where it is converted again to a thiol signal. In this way, amyloplast reactions in the grain can be coordinated with photosynthesis taking place in leaves. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Lab Biochim Vegetale, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM view@nature.berkeley.edu OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 66 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 21 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 8 BP 2988 EP 2993 DI 10.1073/pnas.0511040103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 015MG UT WOS:000235554900091 PM 16481623 ER PT J AU Elsheikha, HM Rosenthal, BM Murphy, AJ Dunams, DB Neelis, DA Mansfield, LS AF Elsheikha, HM Rosenthal, BM Murphy, AJ Dunams, DB Neelis, DA Mansfield, LS TI Generally applicable methods to purify intracellular coccidia from cell cultures and to quantify purification efficacy using quantitative PCR SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexa; PD-10 column; purification; real-time quantitative detection; Sarcocystis neurona; taqman PCR; tissue culture ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; BESNOITIA-DARLINGI; TECHNOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a simple, efficient, and rapid method for the isolation of Sarcocystis neurona merozoites and Besnoitia darlingi tachyzoites from cultured cells. The efficacy of this purification method was assessed by microscopy, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, immuno-fluorescence, and three novel quantitative PCR assays. Culture medium containing host cell debris and parasites was eluted through PD-10 desalting columns. This purification method was compared to alternatives employing filtration through a cellulose filter pad or filter paper. The estimated recovery of S. neurona merozoites purified by the column method was 82% (3.7) of the original merozoites with 97.5% purity. In contrast, estimated recovery of S. neurona inerozoites purified by filter pad and filter paper was 40% and 30% with 76% and 83% purity, respectively. The same procedures were applied to purify B. darlingi tachyzoites from cultured cells. Of the original cultured B. darlingi tachyzoites, 94% (+/- 2.5) were recovered from the PD-10 column with 96.5%, purity whereas percentage recovery of B. darlingi tachyzoites purified by filter pad and filter paper were 51% and 35% with 84% and 88% purity, respectively. All described methods maintained sterility so that purified parasites could be subsequently cultured in vitro. However, purification using a PD-10 column minimized parasite loss and the loss of viability as determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, the rate of parasite production, and plaque forming efficiency in cell culture. Moreover, column-purified parasites improved the sensitivity of an immuno-fluorescent (IFA) analysis and real-time quantitative PCR assays targeted to parasite 18S ribosomal DNA and hsp70 genes. This technique appears generally applicable for purifying coccidia grown in cell cultures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Elsheikha, HM (reprint author), Mansoura Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Mansoura, Egypt. EM elsheik2@msu.edu OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773; Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 18 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.09.014 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 011MZ UT WOS:000235273700004 PM 16280197 ER PT J AU Pasquali, P Fayer, R Zarlenga, D Canals, A de Marez, T Munoz, MTG Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC AF Pasquali, P Fayer, R Zarlenga, D Canals, A de Marez, T Munoz, MTG Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC TI Recombinant bovine interleukin-12 stimulates a gut immune response but does not provide resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; cryptosporidiosis; cattle; cellular immune response; cytokine; interleukin-12 ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; SCID MICE; LYMPHOCYTES; IL-12; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; MODULATION; PATTERNS; CATTLE AB This study was undertaken to determine if administration of recombinant bovine interleukin-12 (rBoIL-12) could stimulate a cellular immune response that protected calves from an oral challenge inoculation with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. in a first experiment, rBoIL-12 intraperitoneally administered as a single dose 1 day before challenge inoculation, did not alter the course of infection. The percentage of immune competent cells and levels of cytokine gene expression in the ileo-cecal rnucosa and in the draining lymph nodes of treated calves were similar to those of untreated control calves. However, when rBoIL-12 was subcutaneously administered daily from 2 days before infection to 2 days after infection, a consistent increase of' T lymphocytes and an higher expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected. Again, treatment did not alter the course of infection. Similar results were obtained when rBoIL-12 was administered daily for 4 days beginning 2 days after oral inoculation. These data indicate that although rBoIL- 12 stimulated a strong immune response in the gut of neonatal calves, the response was not able to provide protection from challenge inoculation with C parvum oocysts. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine & Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Food Safety & Vet Publ Hlth, Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ministerio Adm Publ, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cardenal Herrera CEU, Fac Ciencias Expt & Salud, Dept Atenc Sanitaria Salud Publ & Sanidad Anim, Valencia, Spain. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Sch Vet, Bellaterra, Spain. RP Gasbarre, LC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bovine & Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lgasbarr@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Pasquali, Paolo/C-1111-2008; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Gomez_Munoz, Maria Teresa/S-3800-2016 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Gomez_Munoz, Maria Teresa/0000-0001-8104-845X NR 25 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 18 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.062 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 011MZ UT WOS:000235273700008 PM 16386849 ER PT J AU Harmon, AF Zarlenga, DS Hildreth, MB AF Harmon, AF Zarlenga, DS Hildreth, MB TI Improved methods for isolating DNA from Ostertagia ostertagi eggs in cattle feces SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostertagia; nematode eggshell disruption; DNA extraction; bovine; PCR diagnosis; strongyle ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; PCR; OESOPHAGOSTOMUM; AMPLIFICATION AB A multiplex PCR assay for differentiating strongyle eggs from cattle has recently been described; however, the egg disruption and DNA extraction procedures, though effective, are inadequate for large studies or clinical application. The purpose of this research was to evaluate methods for disrupting trichostrongyle eggs, then assess commercial kits for extracting egg DNA using Ostertagia ostertagi as a model species. Egg disruption procedures tested included probe sonication, bath sonication, bead beating, boiling, microwaving, proteinase K/SDS digestion, freezing, and various combinations of the above with the incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These procedures were evaluated in conjunction with four commercial DNA extraction kits: DNA Stool mini kit and DNeasy Plant kit (Qiagen), Fast DNA kit (QBiogene), and the MAP extraction kit (Tetracore). Results showed that egg disruption was best accomplished with the bead beater and ceramic beads, resulting in 100% disruption within 1 min. When DNA extraction was preceded by the isolation of eggs from feces, all procedures except the Fast DNA kit produced PCR-ready DNA from at least two eggs. The DNeasy Plant kit allowed consistent detection of DNA released from one egg. Due to the morphological similarities among trichostrongyle eggs in ruminants, strongyle eggs in equids, and hookworm eggs, the methods described herein may have broad application to other nematodes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA, ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hildreth, MB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, NPB Rm 252 Rotunda Ln, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.hildreth@sdstate.edu NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 18 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.014 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 011MZ UT WOS:000235273700012 PM 16303253 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P TI Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals (vol 116, pg 275, 2003) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, SE Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Dept Commerce, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 18 PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.019 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 011MZ UT WOS:000235273700024 ER PT J AU Xie, ZL O'Rourke, KI Dong, ZQ Jenny, AL Langenberg, JA Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Zou, WQ Kong, QZ Gambetti, P Chen, SG AF Xie, ZL O'Rourke, KI Dong, ZQ Jenny, AL Langenberg, JA Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Petersen, RB Zou, WQ Kong, QZ Gambetti, P Chen, SG TI Chronic wasting disease of elk and deer and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Comparative analysis of the scrapie prion protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPTIVE MULE DEER; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; VARIANT CJD; TRANSMISSION; HUMANS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. Although the transmission of CWD to humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. If this were to occur, it is important to know whether the "acquired" human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. In this study, we have compared the pathological profiles and PrPSc characteristics in brains of CWD-affected elk and deer with those in subjects with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), as well as CJD-affected subjects who might have been exposed to CWD, using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, conformation stability assay, and N-terminal protein sequencing. Spongiform changes and intense PrPSc staining were present in several brain regions of CWD-affected animals. Immunoblotting revealed three proteinase K (PK)-resistant bands in CWD, representing different glycoforms of PrPSc. The unglycosylated PK-resistant PrPSc of CWD migrated at 21 kDa with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of type 1 human PrPSc present in sporadic CJD affecting subjects homozygous for methionine at codon 129 (sCJDMM1). N-terminal sequencing showed that the PK cleavage site of PrPSc in CWD occurred at residues 82 and 78, similar to that of PrPSc in sCJDMM1. Conformation stability assay also showed no significant difference between elk CWD PrPSc and the PrPSc species associated with sCJDMM1. However, there was a major difference in glycoform ratio of PrPSc between CWD and sCJDMM1 affecting both subjects potentially exposed to CWD and non-exposed subjects. Moreover, PrPSc of CWD exhibited a distinct constellation of glycoforms distinguishable from that of sCJDMM1 in two-dimensional immunoblots. These findings underline the importance of detailed PrPSc characterization in trying to detect novel forms of acquired prion disease. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Natl Pr Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Hlth Program, Bur Wildlife Management, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, SG (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM shu.chen@case.edu RI Petersen, Robert/B-5075-2011; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Chen, Shu/O-4750-2014 OI Petersen, Robert/0000-0002-3154-0072; Chen, Shu/0000-0001-7180-3001 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-14359, P01 AG014359]; PHS HHS [UR8/CCU515004-01] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 17 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 7 BP 4199 EP 4206 DI 10.1074/jbc.M509052200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 011NN UT WOS:000235275300052 PM 16338930 ER PT J AU Wiles, MC Campbell, TA AF Wiles, MC Campbell, TA TI Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for direct identification and quantification of iophenoxic acid in serum SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE LC-MS; negative ion monitoring; electrospray ionization; iophenoxic acid; serum; bait acceptance ID ORAL RABIES VACCINE; BAIT ACCEPTANCE; FERAL GOATS; MARKER; BIOMARKER; FOXES; DELIVERY; RACCOONS; ALBUMIN; MARKING AB A liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric technique was developed for direct quantitation of iophenoxic acid (IA) in serum. IA was spiked into canine, feline, bovine, equine, and porcine sera, extracted, and quantified using negative ion monitoring following chromatographic separation on a Luna C18(2) 3 mu m (100 mm x 2.1 mm) reversed-phase column. The limit of detection was 25 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL. Inter- and intra-assay accuracy (86-113% and 87-115%, respectively) and precision (1.8-7.7%) were calculated. Analysis of serum collected from feral pigs, raccoons, and opossums following ingestion of IA-marked baits confirmed the appropriateness of this method for bait acceptance studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS,WS, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Wiles, MC (reprint author), Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, PO Drawer 3040, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. EM mwiles@tvmdl.tamu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 17 PY 2006 VL 832 IS 1 BP 144 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.017 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 018MS UT WOS:000235769100023 PM 16412709 ER PT J AU Breslow, RA Guenther, PM Smothers, BA AF Breslow, RA Guenther, PM Smothers, BA TI Alcohol drinking patterns and diet quality: The 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; cross-sectional studies; diet; health surveys ID GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; EATING INDEX; BEVERAGE PREFERENCE; ITALIAN WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; RISK; MEN AB Associations between alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease mortality could be confounded by diet if alcohol drinking and diet are related. Depending on the alcohol measure, alcohol-diet relations may or may not be observed. The authors examined associations between alcohol and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores) using cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted analyses included 3,729 participants aged >= 20 years. In adjusted analyses among current alcohol drinkers, as quantity increased from 1 to >= 3 drinks/drinking day, the mean HEI score decreased from 65.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 63.4, 67.1) to 61.9 (95% CI: 60.5, 63.2). As frequency increased from the lowest quartile to the highest, the mean HEI score increased from 60.9 (95% CI: 58.7, 63.2) to 64.9 (95% CI: 63.4, 66.4). As average volume ((quantity x frequency)/365.25) increased from < 1 drink/day to >= 3 drinks/day, the mean HEI score increased from 62.9 (95% CI: 61.2, 64.5) to 65.2 (95% CI: 62.7, 67.8). In stratified analyses, the lowest HEI score, 58.5 (95% CI: 55.5, 61.5), occurred among drinkers who consumed the highest quantity at the lowest frequency. Average volume of alcohol consumed is driven by and masks the contributions of its components. These results suggest the importance of measuring drinking patterns (quantity, frequency, and stratified combinations) in epidemiologic alcohol-diet studies. C1 NIAAA, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Breslow, RA (reprint author), NIAAA, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Res, 5635 Fishers Lane,Room 2081, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rbreslow@mail.nih.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj050 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 011OA UT WOS:000235276600008 PM 16394204 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Deterding, LJ Venable, JD Kennington, EA Yates, JR Tomer, KB Blackshear, PJ AF Cao, HP Deterding, LJ Venable, JD Kennington, EA Yates, JR Tomer, KB Blackshear, PJ TI Identification of the anti-inflammatory protein tristetraprolin as a hyperphosphorylated protein by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Congress of the Human-Proteome-Organisation (HUPO) CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Human Proteome Org DE cytokine; inflammation; mass spectrometry (MS); phosphorylation site; site-directed mutagenesis; tristetraprolin ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; CONTAINING MESSENGER-RNAS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SEQUENCE MOTIFS; WIDE PREDICTION; IN-VIVO; KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION AB Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a zinc-finger protein that binds to AREs (AU-rich elements) within certain mRNAs and causes destabilization of those mRNAs. Mice deficient in TTP develop a profound inflammatory syndrome with erosive arthritis, autoimmunity and myeloid hyperplasia. Previous Studies showed that TTP is phosphorylated extensively in intact cells. However, limited information is available about the identities of these phosphorylation sites. We investigated the phosphorylation sites in human TTP from transfected HEK-293 cells by MS and site-directed mutagenesis. A number of phosphorylation sites including Ser(66), Ser(88), Thr(92), Ser(169), Ser(186), Ser(197), Ser(218), Ser(228), Ser(276) and Ser(296) were identified by MS analyses using MALDI (matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization)-MS, MALDI-tandem MS, LC (liquid chromatography)-tandem MS and Multidimensional protein identification technology. Mutations of Ser(197), Ser(218) and Ser(228) to alanine in the human protein significantly increased TTP's gel mobility (likely to be stoichiometric), whereas Mutations at the other sites had little effect oil its gel mobility. Dephosphorylation and in vivo labelling Studies showed that mutant proteins containing multiple mutations were still phosphorylated, and all were able to bind to RNA probes containing AREs. Confocal microscopy showed a similar cytosolic localization of TTP among the various proteins. Ser(197), Ser(218) and Ser(228) are predicted by motif scanning to be potential sites for protein kinase A, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (both Ser(218) and Ser(228)) respectively. The present study has identified Multiple phosphorylation sites in the anti-inflammatory protein TTP in mammalian cells and should provide the molecular basis for further Studies on the function and regulation of TTP in controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines. C1 NIEHS, Lab Neurobiol & Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Off Clin Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Neurobiol & Signal Transduct, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM caoh@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Tomer, Kenneth/E-8018-2013 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 42 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 394 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1042/BJ20051316 PN 1 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 014JT UT WOS:000235476700032 PM 16262601 ER PT J AU Huntley, D Baldo, A Johri, S Sergot, M AF Huntley, D Baldo, A Johri, S Sergot, M TI SEAN: SNP prediction and display program utilizing EST sequence clusters SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY PROGRAM; POLYMORPHISMS; DISCOVERY; MAP AB SEAN is an application that predicts single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using multiple sequence alignments produced from expressed sequence tag (EST) clusters. The algorithm uses rules of sequence identity and SNP abundance to determine the quality of the prediction. A Java viewer is provided to display the EST alignments and predicted SNPs. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Bioinformat, Div Mol Biosci, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Mol Microbiol & Infect, Div Invest Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Comp, London SW7 2AZ, England. New York State Agr Exptl Stn, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Huntley, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Bioinformat, Div Mol Biosci, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM d.huntley@imperial.ac.uk NR 12 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btk006 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 011OG UT WOS:000235277300017 PM 16357032 ER PT J AU Gunter, MJ Stolzenberg-Solomon, R Cross, AJ Leitzmann, MF Weinstein, S Wood, RJ Virtamo, J Taylor, PR Albanes, D Sinha, R AF Gunter, MJ Stolzenberg-Solomon, R Cross, AJ Leitzmann, MF Weinstein, S Wood, RJ Virtamo, J Taylor, PR Albanes, D Sinha, R TI A prospective study of serum C-reactive protein and colorectal cancer risk in men SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; COLON; WOMEN AB Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer. C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation, has been investigated with regard to colorectal cancer in only three previous studies, and the results from these investigations were inconsistent. We examined serum CRP levels in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in a nested case-control study within the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study, a cohort of 29,133 Finnish males enrolled from 1985 to 1988 with follow-up through April 2002. Colorectal cancer cases were ascertained by the Finnish Cancer Registry, this analysis included 130 cases of colorectal. cancer (with available blood), which occurred between 1990 and April 30, 2002, and 260 matched controls. Baseline median CRP levels were similar to 25% higher among colorectal cancer cases (3.4 mg/L) than controls (2.6 mg/L; P = 0.04). Relative to men in the lowest quartile of CRP concentration, men in the highest quartile had an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.0) for developing colorectal cancer with a dose-response relationship supported (P-trend = 0.006). The relation between CRP and incident colorectal cancer was modified by body mass index such that the association was stronger among lean individuals than in heavier individuals (P-interaction = 0.018). These results support the notion that chronic low-grade inflammation is a marker for increased risk of colorectal cancer. C1 NCI, Nutrit Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Tufts Univ, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Helsinki, Finland. RP Gunter, MJ (reprint author), NCI, Nutrit Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6120 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM gunterm@mail.nih.gov RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015; Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 19 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 2483 EP 2487 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3631 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 013CM UT WOS:000235387200076 PM 16489056 ER PT J AU Evans, KO AF Evans, KO TI Room-temperature ionic liquid cations act as short-chain surfactants and disintegrate a phospholipid bilayer SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Review DE ionic liquids; fluid bilayer; calcein leakage; stability; liposome ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES; MICELLE FORMATION; CYTOCHROME-C; AGGREGATION; MEMBRANES; VESICLES; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURE; HEMIN AB The effect of room-temperature ionic liquids (RT-ILs) cations made of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (alkyl group of C-4-C-8) and anions (commonly found in RT-ILs) on the structural integrity of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of 1,2-dielaidoylphosphocholine were studied. Vesicle integrity was determined by monitoring the release of calcein quenched by cobalt ions and vesicle size distribution after incubation in the presences of each cation or anion. Results demonstrated that the instability of a fluid bilayer increased as the length of alkyl group of the cation increased. LUVS were mostly stable in the presence of the anions as evidenced by Continued retention of encapsulated materials. Size measurements revealed, in the case of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (100-1500 mM), encapsulated material was released through small holes in the bilayer. However, total vesicle disruption was the release mechanism in the case of 1-hexyl or octyl-3-rnethylimidazolium above 200 mM. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM evansko@ncaur.usda.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.10.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 012RX UT WOS:000235358100002 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK Chen, J Claiborn, C Finn, D Otterson, S Figueroa, C Bowman, C Boyer, M Wilson, R Arnold, J Aalbers, S Stocum, J Swab, C Stoll, M Dubois, M Anderson, M AF O'Neill, SM Lamb, BK Chen, J Claiborn, C Finn, D Otterson, S Figueroa, C Bowman, C Boyer, M Wilson, R Arnold, J Aalbers, S Stocum, J Swab, C Stoll, M Dubois, M Anderson, M TI Modeling ozone and aerosol formation and transport in the pacific northwest with the community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; REGION AB The Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system was used to investigate ozone and aerosol concentrations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) during hot summertime conditions during July 1-15, 1996. Two emission inventories (EI) were developed: emissions for the first EI were based upon the National Emission Trend 1996 (NET96) database and the BEIS2 biogenic emission model, and emissions for the second El were developed through a "bottom up" approach that included biogenic emissions obtained from the GLOBEIS model. The two simulations showed that elevated PM2.5 concentrations occurred near and downwind of the Interstate-5 corridor along the foothills of the Cascade Mountains and in forested areas of central Idaho. The relative contributions of organic and inorganic aerosols varied by region, but generally organic aerosols constituted the largest fraction Of PM2.5. In wilderness areas near the 1-5 corridor, organic carbon from anthropogenic sources contributed approximately 50% of the total organic carbon with the remainderfrom biogenic precursors, while in wilderness areas in Idaho, biogenic organic carbon accounted for 80% of the total organic aerosol. Regional analysis of the secondary organic aerosol formation in the Columbia River Gorge, Central Idaho, and the Olympics/Puget Sound showed that the production rate of secondary organic carbon depends on local terpene concentrations and the local oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere, which was strongly influenced by anthropogenic emissions. Comparison with observations from 12 IMPROVE sites and 21 ozone monitoring sites showed that results from the two EI simulations generally bracketed the average observed PM parameters and that errors calculated for the model results were within acceptable bounds. Analysis across all statistical parameters indicated that the NW-AIROUEST EI solution performed better at predicting PM2.5, PM1, and beta(ext) even though organic carbon PM was over-predicted, and the NET96EI solution performed better with regard to the inorganic aerosols. For the NW-AIRQUEST EI solution,the normalized bias was 30% and the normalized absolute error was 49% for PM2.5 mass. The NW-AIRQUEST solution slightly overestimated peak hourly ozone downwind of urban areas, while the NET96 solution slightly underestimated peak values, and both solutions over-predicted average O-3 concentrations across the domain by approximately 6 ppb. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Idaho Dept Environm Qual, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR USA. EM susan.oneill@por.usda.gov RI Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1286 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/es048402k PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 014KK UT WOS:000235478700033 PM 16572788 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Shine, JM Miller, JD Rice, RW Rainbolt, CR AF Gilbert, RA Shine, JM Miller, JD Rice, RW Rainbolt, CR TI The effect of genotype, environment and time of harvest on sugarcane yields in Florida, USA SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sugarcane; genotype; environment; time of harvest ID FAMILY X ENVIRONMENT; BREEDING PROGRAM; SELECTION; QUEENSLAND; PRODUCTIVITY; METHODOLOGY; ALLOCATION; COMPONENTS; TRIALS; TRENDS AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is grown across different production environments and is harvested over a 5-month (mid-October-mid-March) period in Florida. While many studies have examined genotype x environment interactions and their implications for breeding program design, knowledge is limited regarding interactions of genotype, environment and time of harvest and their implications for growers. Three non-confounded data sets ('' case studies '') were analyzed to determine the effects of these three factors on kilograms of sugar per ton (KST), tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sugar per hectare (TSH) for recently released cultivars in south Florida. Cultivar (genotype), environment, time of harvest and their interactions had significant effects on KST, TCH and TSH. Sugarcane KST and TSH were reduced by 28 and 29%, respectively, when harvested in mid-October compared to optimum harvest dates in February. TSH varied from 2 to 46% across environments. The Lakeview '' warmland '' site near Lake Okeechobee recorded significantly higher TCH and TSH than other sites, and cultivars CP88-1508 and CP88-1834 recorded higher relative yields at Lakeview. Cultivar TSH varied up to 51% across the case studies. CP89-2143 had significantly higher KST than other cultivars in all 21 pairwise comparisons in the three case studies, and a remarkably high, stable KST ranking across environments. Growers in the Everglades Agricultural Area interested in improving sugarcane crop sucrose concentration should plant CP89-2143. However, significant genotype x environment interactions for other cultivars support continued multi-locational evaluation of sugarcane germplasm both during the breeding program and following cultivar release. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Sugar Cane Growers Cooperat Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Gilbert, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM ragilbert@ifas.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 156 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.02.006 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 006GC UT WOS:000234883500005 ER PT J AU Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Sheehy, JE Thomas, JMG AF Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Sheehy, JE Thomas, JMG TI Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high temperature stress; heat tolerance; cultivars; pollen production; pollen reception; spikelet fertility; harvest index ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HEAT-STRESS; FRUIT-SET; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; POLLEN GERMINATION; JAPONICA-RICE; TOLERANCE; STERILITY AB Spikelet fertility (seed-set) is an important component of yield that is sensitive to high temperature. The objectives of this research were (a) to quantify the effects of high temperature on spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice; (b) to determine if there were species, ecotype, and/or cultivar differences in response to high temperature; and (c) to understand the reasons for lower and/or differential spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice cultivars at high temperatures. Fourteen rice cultivars of different species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima), ecotypes (indica and japonica) and origin (temperate and tropical) were exposed to ambient and high temperature (ambient + 5 degrees C) at Gainesville, Florida. High temperature significantly decreased cultivars L-204, M-202, Labelle, Italica Livorna, WAB-12, CG-14 and CG-17 were highly susceptible and cultivars M-103, S-102, Koshihikari, IR-8 and IR-72 were moderately susceptible to high temperature. There were no clear species or ecotype differences, as some cultivars in each species or within ecotypes of tropical and temperature origin were equally susceptible to high temperature (for example M-202 temperate japonica, Labelle tropical japonica, CG-14 O. glaberrima, and WAB-12 interspecific). Decreased spikelet fertility and cultivar difference at high temperature were due mainly to decreased pollen production and pollen reception (pollen numbers on stigma). Lower spikelet fertility at elevated temperature resulted in fewer filled grains, lower grain weight per panicle, and decreased harvest index. There is a potential for genetic improvement for heat tolerance, thus it is important to screen and identify heat-tolerant cultivars. Spikelet fertility at high temperature can be used as a screening tool for heat tolerance during the reproductive phase. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Crop Soil & Water Sci Div, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP Prasad, PVV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM vpaga@mail.ifas.ufl.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 35 TC 223 Z9 287 U1 10 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 398 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.04.008 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 006GC UT WOS:000234883500026 ER PT J AU Boyles, JG Aubrey, DP AF Boyles, JG Aubrey, DP TI Managing forests with prescribed fire: Implications for a cavity-dwelling bat species SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; forest restoration; Nycticeius humeralis; oak-hickory forest; prescribed burning; roost selection ID NYCTICEIUS-HUMERALIS; PINE FOREST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MYOTIS-SODALIS; BOREAL FOREST; INDIANA BAT; OAK; ROOST; SELECTION; DIVERSITY AB Prescribed burning is used as a restoration and management technique in many deciduous forests of eastern North America. The effects of fire have been studied on habitat selection of many vertebrate species, but no studies have reported the effect of fire on bat roosting habitat. Fire initially leads to an influx of dead and dying trees, an increase of light availability, and a decrease of canopy and sub-canopy tree density. These characteristics are beneficial to many forest-dwelling vertebrates including cavity-roosting bats. We evaluated evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) roost-site selection at the stand-scale in order to determine roosting preferences as they relate to prescribed burning. Standard radiotelemetry techniques were used to locate evening bat roost trees. Canopy light penetration and overstory tree density were measured in both burned and unburned forests. Sixty-three trees used as roosts by both male and female evening bats were located during both the summer and winter and all 63 roosts were located in the burned portion of the study area. Canopy light penetration was higher and canopy tree density was lower in the burned forest than unburned forest. An increase in light availability may release bats from one of the constraints suggested for many forest-dwelling bat species in roost tree selection-sun-exposure. This should increase the abundance of trees with characteristics suitable for roosting and may allow bats to roost throughout the interior of the forest as opposed to only on forest edges, thereby allowing bats to roost closer to foraging grounds and possibly lessening predation rates. Lower tree density may allow for ease of flight within the forest as well as more efficient locating of roost trees. In addition, there were a significantly higher proportion of dead trees, which evening bats commonly use as roost trees, in burned forests compared to unburned forests. Prescribed burning appears to initially lead to creation or restoration of favorable cavity-dwelling bat habitat and its continual implementation perpetuates an open sub-canopy. Therefore, we suggest that prescribed burning may be a suitable tool for management of roosting habitat for cavity-roosting bats. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Aubrey, DP (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. EM daubrey@fs.fed.us RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010; Aubrey, Doug/A-3455-2011 NR 83 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700012 ER PT J AU Merrill, AG Benning, TL AF Merrill, AG Benning, TL TI Ecosystem type differences in nitrogen process rates and controls in the riparian zone of a montane landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian; nitrogen cycling; watershed; groundwater quality; wetland montane; nutrient dynamics ID ENZYME-ACTIVITY; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-CARBON; DENITRIFICATION; SOILS; FOREST; DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; WETLAND AB Nitrogen (N) inputs to the world's aquatic ecosystems have increased over the past 100 years. Riparian zones and other wetlands are known to remove N from ground and surface waters before they enter lakes and streams. However, the effect of riparian wetlands on water quality has been shown to differ dramatically among sites. Sources of landscape variation in riparian N dynamics have been poorly documented and rarely quantified. Within the Lake Tahoe Basin (LTB), we hypothesized that differences in riparian N dynamics correlate to differences in ecosystem type. To test this hypothesis, we randomly selected 20 plots, four each of five ecosystem types, along a tributary to Lake Tahoe. Throughout the snow-free season, we measured soil N transformations and groundwater chemistry in each plot. We found significant differences in denitrification potential, net mineralization, net nitrification and groundwater nutrient flux among different ecosystem types. These results suggest that classification of riparian zones into ecosystem types might be useful in predicting landscape differences in riparian water quality effects. We also tested for factors expected to directly and indirectly control riparian N process rates using data collected at each study site. Using correlation and multiple regression analysis, we found that N process rates were most highly correlated with different control factors according to ecosystem type. Differences in direct and indirect control factors among ecosystem types indicate that construction of mechanistic, landscape models of riparian processes might be most accurately done by stratifying the riparian zone into ecosystem types rather than by viewing it as a single, homogeneous part of the watershed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Environm Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Merrill, AG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Reg 5, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM amerrill@nature.berkeley.edu; tlberining@usfca.edu NR 61 TC 12 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.001 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700016 ER PT J AU Fassnacht, KS Cohen, WB Spies, TA AF Fassnacht, KS Cohen, WB Spies, TA TI Key issues in making and using satellite-based maps in ecology: A primer SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE classification; scale; accuracy assessment; remote sensing; satellite ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LAND-COVER DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; GEOGRAPHICAL ENTITIES; FORESTED ENVIRONMENT; LANDSCAPE METRICS; WESTERN OREGON; CLASSIFICATION AB The widespread availability of satellite imagery and image processing software has made it relatively easy for ecologists to use satellite imagery to address questions at the landscape and regional scales. However, as often happens with complex tools that are rendered easy to use by computer software, technology may be misused or used without an understanding of some of the limitations or caveats associated with a particular application. The results can be disappointment when maps are less accurate than expected or incorrect decisions when they are treated as truth. In this paper. we discuss several key issues which are critical to ensuring the effectiveness and value of remote sensing products, but which are also sometimes sources of confusion: (1) direct versus indirect models of land surface properties and processes, (2) differences between class-based and continuous mapping models, (3) scale, and (4) accuracy assessment. We illustrate our points with examples from the application of satellite imagery to forest management issues in the Pacific Northwest, USA. While our examples focus largely on Landsat image data, the issues we discuss have broad relevance across sensor data types, land cover properties, and geographic locations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wcohen@fs.fed.us NR 66 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.026 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700018 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Ezell, AW Hodges, JD Clatterbuck, WK AF Lockhart, BR Ezell, AW Hodges, JD Clatterbuck, WK TI Using natural stand development patterns in artificial mixtures: A case study with cherrybark oak and sweetgum in east-central Mississippi, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE artificial regeneration; Cherrybark oak; Liquidambar styraciflua L.; mixed-species plantations; sweetgum; Quercus pagoda Raf.; reconstruction; stand development patterns ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS; NEW-ENGLAND; FOREST; REFORESTATION; PLANTATIONS AB Results from a long-term planted mixture of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) showed sweetgum taller in height and larger in diameter than cherrybark oak early in plantation development. By age 17 years, cherrybark oak was similar in height and diameter with sweetgum and by age 21 years was taller in height and larger in diameter than sweetgum depending on the spacing arrangement. The ascendance of cherrybark oak above sweetgum in an intimate plantation mixture confirms results from a stand reconstruction study of cherrybark oak and sweetgum development in natural stands. Afforestation of abandoned agricultural fields and pastures in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) has received much attention in the past 20 years. A common afforestation prescription is to plant oaks on a 3.7 m x 3.7 m spacing. Recently, concern has been expressed about planting only oaks (767 seedlings ha(-1)) and the resulting effects of early intra-specific competition following canopy closure. Recommendations have included planting a greater number of species in intimate mixtures, but little is known about how such stands would develop. Establishment of mixed-species hardwood plantations in the LMAV should be based on known stand development patterns, whether from other plantation trials or documented patterns in natural stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Res Forester, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), USDA, Res Forester, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Serv So Res Stn,POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700021 ER PT J AU Zenner, EK Kabrick, JM Jensen, RG Peck, JE Grabner, JK AF Zenner, EK Kabrick, JM Jensen, RG Peck, JE Grabner, JK TI Responses of ground flora to a gradient of harvest intensity in the Missouri Ozarks SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest ecology; forest management; ground flora; ground vegetation; landscape management; Missouri flora; MOFEP; Ozark flora; silviculture; species richness ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; HERBACEOUS-LAYER; MANAGED FORESTS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; VEGETATION; DISTURBANCE; MICHIGAN; CANADA; STAND AB The relationship between the intensity of timber harvest and the composition and diversity of ground vegetation was investigated in upland mixed oak forests in the Missouri Ozarks. Pre- and post-harvest data were collected from 420 permanent vegetation plots to determine if changes in the composition and diversity of ground flora depended upon the intensity of the harvest treatment and, if so, how this varied among life forms of ground flora. The five harvest treatments (no-harvest control, single-tree selection, group selection, thinning, and clearcut) imposed a gradient of overstory canopy cover with reductions ranging from 12.8% in the controls to 83.6% in clearcuts. Both total cover and species richness of the ground flora increased proportionally to harvest intensity. Harvest intensity also caused a proportional impact on the collective relative cover of seven identified life forms of ground flora: annuals/biennials, forbs, graminoids, legumes, woody vines, shrubs, and tree seedlings. The direction of this change was nearly identical for all harvest treatments, reflecting the consistent and proportional decrease in the relative cover of legumes, and increase in the relative cover of annuals/biennials, forbs, graminoids, and woody vines, following all harvest treatments. Closer inspection revealed that changes in relative cover, compared to levels in uncut stands, were observed at different levels (thresholds) of harvest intensity for different life forms, although almost all life forms showed significant differences between uncut and clearcut conditions. Managers may be able to use these differential thresholds of response to harvest intensity to develop silvicultural prescriptions specifically intended to increase or decrease the short-term abundance of certain life forms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Ellington, MO 63638 USA. RP Zenner, EK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ezenner@umn.edu; jkabrick@fs.fed.us; Randy.Jensen@mdc.mo.gov; peckj@umn.edu; kidsnplants@yahoo.com NR 56 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.027 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700032 ER PT J AU Wallenstein, MD McNulty, S Fernandez, IJ Boggs, J Schlesinger, WH AF Wallenstein, MD McNulty, S Fernandez, IJ Boggs, J Schlesinger, WH TI Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen fertilization; microbial biomass; nitrogen saturation; selective inhibition ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; SPRUCE-FIR STAND; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; HARVARD FOREST; DEPOSITION GRADIENT; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; COMMUNITY CHANGE AB We examined the effects of N fertilization on forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass at three long-term experiments in New England (Harvard Forest, MA: Mt. Ascutney, VT; Bear Brook, ME). At Harvard Forest, chronic N fertilization has decreased organic soil microbial biomass C (MBC) by an average of 54% and substrate induced respiration (SIR) was decreased by an average of 45% in hardwood stands. In the pine stand, organic soil MBC was decreased by 40% and SIR decreased by an average of 35%. The fungal: bacterial activity ratio was also decreased in the hardwood stands from an average of 1.5 in the control plot to 1.0 in the High-N plot, and in the pine stands from 1.9 in control plot to 1.0 in the High-N stand. At Mt. Ascutney, MBC was reduced by an average of 59% and SIR by 52% in the High N plots relative to the unfertilized plots, and the fungal: bacteria] activity ratio was only slightly decreased. The Bear Brook watershed is in an earlier stage of N saturation (Stage 0-1) and did not exhibit significant fertilization effects on microbial biomass. Across all three sites, MBC and SIR had negative relationships with total N inputs in both mineral soils and organic soils, though the effect was much stronger in organic soils. Both MBC and SIR were positively correlated with dissolved organic C, total soil C, and bulk soil C:N ratios. These results are consistent with the N saturation hypothesis, but do not indicate a strong role for microbial N immobilization in preventing N loss. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Envirom, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Wallenstein, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM wallenstein@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008 OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442 NR 56 TC 121 Z9 148 U1 8 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.002 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700045 ER PT J AU Lance, EW Howell, SM Lance, BK Howlin, S Suring, LH Goldstein, MI AF Lance, EW Howell, SM Lance, BK Howlin, S Suring, LH Goldstein, MI TI Spruce beetles and timber harvest in Alaska: Implications for northern red-backed voles SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Clethrionomys rutilus; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Kenai Peninsula; northern red-backed vole; Picea glauca; timber harvest; spruce beetle ID SMALL MAMMALS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOREST; DYNAMICS; OREGON; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; DEMOGRAPHY; CLEARCUTS; ABUNDANCE AB Changes in structure and function of spruce forests occurred following a recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) epidemic in the temperate forests of south-central Alaska. To assess the effects of this infestation and the subsequent land management practices used to reduce the risk of catastrophic fire, we measured northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) abundance over a 10-year period. We established eight live trapping grids across white spruce (Picea glauca) forests. Dead trees were harvested from four treatment grids; four grids remained as reference (not harvested). Northern red-backed vole populations synchronously declined across all sampling areas following the spruce beetle infestation, and began recovery by the end of the study. Population decline and subsequent recovery did not appear to be influenced by timber harvest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. NOAA, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Western Ecosyst Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Terr Wildlife Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM Goldstein.MI@gmail.com NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.11.023 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 016DA UT WOS:000235599700047 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM AF Wondzell, SM TI Effect of morphology and discharge on hyporheic exchange flows in two small streams in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; stream tracer experiments; transient storage models; groundwater ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE MODEL; HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DRAINAGE BASINS; SURFACE; ZONES; PARAMETERS; RETENTION AB Stream-tracer injections were used to examine the effect of channel morphology and changing stream discharge on hyporheic exchange flows. Direct observations were made from well networks to follow tracer movement through the hyporheic zone. The reach-integrated influence of hyporheic exchange was evaluated using the transient storage model (TSM) OTIS-P. Transient storage modelling results were compared with direct observations to evaluate the reliability of the TSM. Results from the tracer injection in the bedrock reach supported the assumption that most transient storage in headwater mountain streams results from hyporheic exchange. Direct observations from the well networks in colluvial reaches showed that subsurface flow paths tended to parallel the valley axis. Cross-valley gradients were weak except near steps, where vertical and cross-valley hydraulic gradients indicated a strong potential for stream water to downwell into the hyporheic zone. The TSM parameters showed that both size and residence time of transient storage were greater in reaches with a few large log-jam-formed steps than in reaches with more frequent, but smaller steps. Direct observations showed that residence times in the unconstrained stream were longer than in the constrained stream and that little change occurred in the location and extent of the hyporheic zone between low- and high-baseflow discharges in any of the colluvial reaches. The transient storage modelling results did not agree with these observations, suggesting that the TSM was insensitive to long residence-time exchange flows and was very sensitive to changes in discharge. Disagreements between direct observations and the transient storage modelling results highlight fundamental problems with the TSM that confound comparisons between the transient storage modelling results for tracer injections conducted under differing flow conditions. Overall, the results showed that hyporheic exchange was little affected by stream discharge (at least over the range of baseflow discharges examined in this study). The results did show that channel morphology controlled development of the hyporheic zone in these steep mountain stream channels. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 267 EP 287 DI 10.1002/hyp.5902 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 018JI UT WOS:000235760100004 ER PT J AU Strohmeyer, RA Morley, PS Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA Scorza, V Lappin, MR AF Strohmeyer, RA Morley, PS Hyatt, DR Dargatz, DA Scorza, V Lappin, MR TI Evaluation of bacterial and protozoal contamination of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; SALMONELLA; FECES AB Objective-To evaluate bacterial and protozoal contamination of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs. Design-Prospective longitudinal study. Sample Population-240 samples from 20 raw meat diets for dogs (containing beef, lamb, chicken, or turkey), 24 samples from 2 dry dog foods, and 24 samples from 2 canned dog foods. Procedure-Each product was purchased commercially on 4 dates approximately 2 months apart. Three samples from each product at each sampling period were evaluated via bacterial culture for non-type-specific Escherichia coli (NTSEC), Salmonella enterica, and Campylobacter spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on selected isolates. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect DNA from Cryptosporidium spp, Neospora spp, and Toxoplasma spp in samples obtained in the third and fourth sampling periods. Results-One hundred fifty-three of 288 (53%) samples were contaminated with NTSEC. Both raw and prepared foods contained NTSEC during at least 1 culture period. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 17 (5.9%) samples, all of which were raw meat products. Campylobacter spp was not isolated from any samples. In 91 of 288 (31.6%) samples, there was no gram-negative bacterial growth before enrichment and in 48 of 288 (16.7%) samples, there was no aerobic bacterial growth before enrichment Susceptibility phenotypes were variable. Cryptosporidium spp DNA was detected in 3 samples. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Bacterial contamination is common in commercially available raw meat diets, suggesting that there is a risk of foodborne illness in dogs fed these diets as well possible risk for humans associated with the dogs or their environments. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; NR 20 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 4 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.2460/javma.228.4.537 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013UO UT WOS:000235435600023 PM 16478425 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Hessman, B Johnson, BJ Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Burge, LJ Sjeklocha, D Confer, AW Funk, RA AF Fulton, RW Hessman, B Johnson, BJ Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Burge, LJ Sjeklocha, D Confer, AW Funk, RA TI Evaluation of diagnostic tests used for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus and prevalence of subtypes 1a, 1b, and 2a in persistently infected cattle entering a feedlot SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; FEEDER CALVES; BVDV SUBTYPE; VACCINATION; AMERICA; STRAINS; IMPACT; PCR AB Objective - To evaluate diagnostic tests used for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and determine the prevalence of BVDV subtypes 1 a, 1 b, and 2a in persistently infected (PI) cattle entering a feedlot. Design - Prospective study. Animals - 21,743 calves. Procedures - Samples were obtained from calves initially testing positive via antigen capture ELISA (ACE) performed on fresh skin (ear notch) specimens, and ACE was repeated. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on skin specimens fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay and virus isolation were performed on serum samples. Virus was subtyped via sequencing of the 5' untranslated region of the viral genome. Results - Initial ACE results were positive for BVDV in 88 calves. After subsequent testing, results of ACE, IHC, RT-PCR assay, and viral isolation were positive in 86 of 88 calves; results of all subsequent tests were negative in 2 calves. Those 2 calves had false-positive test results. On the basis of IHC results, 86 of 21,743 calves were PI with BVDV, resulting in a prevalence of 0.4%. Distribution of BVDV subtypes was BVDV1b (77.9%), BVDV1a (11.6%), and BVDV2a (10.5%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Rapid tests such as ACE permit identification and segregation of PI cattle pending results of further tests, thus reducing their contact with the rest of the feedlot population. Although vaccines with BVDV1a and 2a components are given to cattle entering feedlots, these vaccines may not provide adequate protection against BVDV1b. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Haskell Cty Anim Hosp, Sublette, KS 67877 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Funk, Rebecca/S-5024-2016 OI Funk, Rebecca/0000-0001-7204-318X NR 30 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 228 IS 4 BP 578 EP 584 DI 10.2460/javma.228.4.578 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 013UO UT WOS:000235435600032 PM 16478438 ER PT J AU Hou, QX Chai, XS Yang, R Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ AF Hou, QX Chai, XS Yang, R Elder, T Ragauskas, AJ TI Characterization of lignocellulosic-poly(lactic acid) reinforced composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additives; atomic force microscopy (AFM); biopolymers; fibers; strength ID RENEWABLE RESOURCES; FIBER; BIOCOMPOSITES; PULPS AB The effects of adding poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to the physical strength of paper test sheets prepared from three unbleached loblolly pine kraft pulps with different amounts of lignin and an aspen bleached chemothermomechanical pulp were studied. The physical strength studies demonstrated that relatively low levels of PLA addition (0.5-4.0%) could dramatically improve the tensile and burst strength properties as a function of the amount of PLA added. Hot pressing the test sheets was shown to be an important treatment for enhancing the strength properties. An analysis of untreated and PLA-treated hot-pressed test sheets by atomic force microscopy indicated that the addition of PLA markedly altered the surface properties of the sheets. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM art.ragauskas@ipst.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X NR 13 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1346 EP 1349 DI 10.1002/app.22236 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 000DN UT WOS:000234441200006 ER PT J AU Lawrence, RL Wood, SD Sheley, RL AF Lawrence, RL Wood, SD Sheley, RL TI Mapping invasive plants using hyperspectral imagery and Breiman Cutler classifications (RandomForest) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beiman Cutler classification; hyperspectral imagery; RandomForest; leafy spurges; Euphorbia esida; spotted knapweed; Centaurea maculosa ID MULTISPECTRAL DIGITAL IMAGERY; HAWKWEED HIERACIUM-PRATENSE; LEAFY SPURGE; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DISCRIMINATION; REFLECTANCE; RANGELAND; LIMITS; COVER AB Invasive nonindigenous plants are threatening the biological integrity of North American rangelands, as well as the economics that are supported by those ecosystems. Spatial information is critical to fulfilling invasive plant management strategies, Traditional invasive plant mapping has utilized ground-based hand or GPS mapping. The shortfalls of ground-based methods include the limited spatial extent covered and the associated time and cost. Mapping vegetation with remote sensing covers large spatial areas and maps can be updated at an interval determined by management needs. The objective of the study was to map leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) using 128-band hyperspectral (5-m and 3-m resolution) imagery and assess the accuracy of the resulting maps. Beiman Cutler classifications (BCC) were used to classify the imagery using the randomForest package in the R statistical program. BCC builds multiple classification trees by repeatedly taking random subsets of the observational data and using random subsets of the spectral bands to determine each split in the classification trees. The resulting classification trees vote on the correct classification. Overall accuracy was 84% for the spotted knapweed classification, with class accuracies ranging from 60% to 93%; overall accuracy was 86 for the leafy spurge classification, with class accuracies ranging from 66% to 93%. Our results indicate that (1) BCC can achieve substantial improvements in accuracy over single classification trees with these data and (2) it might be unnecessary to have separate accuracy assessment data when using BCC, as the algorithm provides a reliable internal estimate of accuracy. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lawrence, RL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, POB 173490, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rickl@montana.edu NR 46 TC 216 Z9 225 U1 10 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 3 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.014 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 013PD UT WOS:000235420400007 ER PT J AU Corp, LA Middleton, EM McMurtrey, JE Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM AF Corp, LA Middleton, EM McMurtrey, JE Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM TI Fluorescence sensing techniques for vegetation assessment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; IN-FIELD CORN; GREEN PLANTS; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; EXCITATION; LEAVES AB Active fluorescence (F) sensing systems have long been suggested as a means to identify species composition and determine physiological status of plants. Passive F systems for large-scale remote assessment of vegetation will undoubtedly rely on solar-induced F (SIF), and this information could potentially be obtained from the Fraunhofer line depth (FLD) principle. However, understanding the relationships between the information and knowledge gained from active and passive systems remains to be addressed. Here we present an approach in which actively induced F spectral data are used to simulate and project the magnitude of SIF that can be expected from near-ground observations within selected solar Fraunhofer line regions. Comparisons among vegetative species and nitrogen (N) supply treatments were made with three F approaches: the passive FLD principle applied to telluric oxygen (O-2) bands from field-acquired canopy reflectance spectra, simulated SIF from actively induced laboratory emission spectra of leaves at a series of solar Fraunhofer lines ranging from 422 to 758 nm, and examination of two dual-F excitation algorithms developed from laboratory data. From these analyses we infer that SIF from whole-plant canopies can be simulated by use of laboratory data from active systems on individual leaves and that SIF has application for the large-scale assessment of vegetation. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM lcorp@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Campbell, Petya/A-9649-2008; Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1033 DI 10.1364/AO.45.001023 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 013CO UT WOS:000235387400025 PM 16512546 ER PT J AU Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL AF Payero, JO Neale, CMU Wright, JL TI Near-noon albedo values of alfalfa and tall fescue grass derived from multispectral data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE ALBEDO; NET-RADIATION; BRDF MODELS; NARROW-BAND; EOS-MODIS; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; NADIR REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL ALBEDO AB A remote sensing approach was applied to estimate near-noon values of shortwave albedo (alpha), the fraction of solar radiation reflected by a surface, for alfalfa and tall fescue grass at Kimberly, Idaho. The approach was based on the (P/T) ratio, which is the ratio of the partial radiation ( P) sensed by a multi-band radiometer and the total incident radiation ( T) in a given wavelength range. It was found that instead of being constant, as previously suggested, the upward component of the (P/T) ratio under clear-sky conditions [(P/T)(u)] followed a logistic growth function of solar altitude angle (Lambda z) for both crops (r(2) = 50.84). The downward component [(P/T)(d)], on the other hand, linearly increased with Lz (r(2) = 50.83). By applying the (P/T) ratio methodology, using variable ratios, it was found that the diurnal pattern of clear-sky a for both crops followed a decreasing function of Lambda z (r(2) = 50.80). Near-noon a values for alfalfa estimated using remote sensing were linearly related to plant canopy height (h) (r(2) = 50.92), but not to lambda z. For grass, on the other hand, the near-noon a values obtained by remote sensing were not correlated with either h or Lambda(z). The near-noon alpha values for alfalfa obtained with remote sensing deviated considerably from those estimated using an empirical function of day of the year (DOY). For alfalfa, the near-noon net radiation (R-n) values calculated using alpha values derived by remote sensing were better correlated to measured R-n values than those obtained using a estimated as a function of DOY. For grass, the alpha values derived from remote sensing did not significantly improve the accuracy of the calculated near-noon Rn compared with using alpha values estimated as a function of Lambda(z). C1 W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, 461 W Univ Dr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. EM jpayero2@unl.edu RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011; Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 569 EP 586 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 029PI UT WOS:000236576200009 ER PT J AU Baldwin, IT Halitschke, R Paschold, A von Dahl, CC Preston, CA AF Baldwin, IT Halitschke, R Paschold, A von Dahl, CC Preston, CA TI Volatile signaling in plant-plant interactions: "Talking trees" in the genomics era SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LIMA-BEAN LEAVES; INDUCED RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; ETHYLENE; HERBIVORY; TOBACCO; COMMUNICATION AB Plants may "eavesdrop" on volatile organic compounds WOO released by herbivore-attacked neighbors to activate defenses before being attacked themselves. Transcriptome and signal cascade analyses of VOC-exposed plants suggest that plants eavesdrop to prime direct and indirect defenses and to hone competitive abilities. Advances in research on VOC biosynthesis and perception have facilitated the production of plants that are genetically "deaf" to particular VOC5 or "mute" in elements of their volatile vocabulary. Such plants, together with advances in VOC analytical instrumentation, will allow researchers to determine whether fluency enhances the fitness of plants in natural communities. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Baldwin, IT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, Hans Knoll Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM baldwin@ice.mpg.de RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Baldwin, Ian /K-1809-2013 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; NR 42 TC 330 Z9 371 U1 24 U2 214 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 10 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5762 BP 812 EP 815 DI 10.1126/science.1118446 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 012XT UT WOS:000235374900037 PM 16469918 ER PT J AU Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Balasubramaniam, VM Lee, YZ Bomser, JA Schwartz, SJ Dunne, CP AF Li, SQ Zhang, HQ Balasubramaniam, VM Lee, YZ Bomser, JA Schwartz, SJ Dunne, CP TI Comparison of effects of high-pressure processing and heat treatment on immunoactivity of bovine milk immunoglobulin G in enriched soymilk under equivalent microbial inactivation levels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high-pressure processing; bovine milk IgG; immunoactivity; E. coli 8739; natural flora ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ANTIGEN-BINDING ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERMAL PROTECTANTS; G IGG; STABILITY; COLOSTRUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CONCENTRATE; CHALLENGE AB Immunoglobulin-rich foods may provide health benefits to consumers. To extend the refrigerated shelf life of functional foods enriched with bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG), nonthermal alternatives such as high-pressure processing (HPP) may offer advantages to thermal processing for microbial reduction. To evaluate the effects of HPP on the immunoactivity of bovine IgG, a soymilk product enriched with milk protein concentrates, derived from dairy cows that were hyperimmunized with 26 human pathogens, was subjected to HPP or heat treatment. To achieve a 5 log reduction in inoculated Escherichia coli 8739, the HIPP or heat treatment requirements were 345 MPa for 4 min at 30 degrees C or for 20 s at 70 degrees C, respectively. To achieve a 5 log reduction in natural flora in the enriched soymilk, the HIPP or heat treatments needed were 552 MPa for 4 min at 30 degrees C or for 120 s at 78.2 degrees C, respectively. At equivalent levels for a 5 log reduction in E coli, HIPP and heat treatment caused 25% and no detectable loss in bovine IgG activity, respectively. However, at equivalent levels for a 5 log reduction in natural flora, HPP and heat resulted in 65 and 85% loss of bovine IgG activity, respectively. Results of combined pressure -thermal kinetic studies of bovine milk IgG activity were provided to determine the optimal process conditions to preserve product function. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Biofoods Stolle Milk & Biol Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Zhang, HQ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 110 Parker Bldg,2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hzhang@errc.ars.usda.gov RI Balasubramaniam, VM Bala/A-2576-2008; OI Balasubramaniam, VM Bala/0000-0002-1540-4273; Schwartz, Steven/0000-0002-1427-5780 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 8 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 3 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1021/jf0516181 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 011EC UT WOS:000235249800022 PM 16448177 ER PT J AU Harpaz, S Clark, L AF Harpaz, S Clark, L TI Effects of addition of a bird repellent to fish diets on their growth and bioaccumulation SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bird repellent; methyl anthranilate; hybrid striped bass; Aulonocara jacobfreibergi ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BLUE HERON PREDATION; AQUACULTURE FACILITIES; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; PISCIVOROUS BIRDS; FIELD-EVALUATION; LIVESTOCK FEED; LETHAL CONTROL AB The effects of adding the nonlethal bird repellent methyl anthranilate (MA), at levels of 100 and 1000 mg kg(-1), to fish feed on the bioaccumulation and growth of juvenile (10 g) hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) and juvenile (1 g) African cichlid fish Aulonocara jacobfreibergi were investigated under laboratory conditions. The bird repellent did not have any effect on the fish growth or survival over a period of 6 weeks. MA residues at low levels of 11.2 +/- 2.6 mu g g(-1) were found in lipophilic tissues (liver) of MA-fed fish. Control fish, which had no MA added to their diet, had a much lower level of 0.6 +/- 0.3 mu g g(-1) MA in their liver. Fish muscle was found to contain negligible MA residues, while the outer body surface mucus did not contain any MA. Following a 6-week depuration period, during which the previously MA-fed hybrid striped bass were fed a feed to which no MA was added, the levels of MA residues detected were reduced by one order of magnitude. C1 Volcani Ctr, Dept Aquaculture, Agr Res Org, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Harpaz, S (reprint author), Volcani Ctr, Dept Aquaculture, Agr Res Org, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM harpaz@agri.gov.il NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD FEB 7 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01411.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 003EI UT WOS:000234664000004 ER PT J AU Disch, S Anastasiou, E Sharma, VK Laux, T Fletcher, JC Lenhard, M AF Disch, S Anastasiou, E Sharma, VK Laux, T Fletcher, JC Lenhard, M TI The E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER controls Arabidopsis organ size in a dosage-dependent manner SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-DIVISION; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT-GROWTH; AINTEGUMENTA; GENE; EXPRESSION; COORDINATION; GIBBERELLIN; INHIBITOR; OVULE AB Organ growth up to a species-specific size is tightly regulated in plants and animals [1, 2]. Final organ size is remarkably constant within a given species, suggesting that a species-specific size checkpoint terminates organ growth in a coordinated and timely manner. Phytohormones influence plant organ size [3-7], but their precise functions in size control are unclear because of their pleiotropic and complex developmental roles [8-10]. The Arabidopsis transcription factors AINTEGUMENTA and JAGGED promote organ growth by maintaining cellular proliferation potential [11-16]. Loss of the Antirrhinum transcription factor CINCINNATA causes leaf overgrowth, yet also leads to a highly abnormal leaf shape [17]. Thus, no dedicated factor that limits the final size of plant organs has been isolated. Here, we identify the novel RING-finger protein BIG BROTHER (BB) as a repressor of plant organ growth. Small changes in BB expression levels substantially alter organ size, indicating a central regulatory role for BB in growth control. Recombinant BB protein has E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity that is essential for its in vivo function, suggesting that BB acts by marking cellular proteins for degradation. Our data indicate that plants limit the duration of organ growth and ultimately organ size by actively degrading critical growth stimulators. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lenhard, M (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol 3, Schanzlestr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM lenhard@biologie.uni-freiburg.de RI Lenhard, Michael/J-1554-2015 NR 27 TC 128 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 30 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD FEB 7 PY 2006 VL 16 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.026 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 012OB UT WOS:000235347400027 PM 16461280 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Baszler, TV O'Rourke, KI Suarez, CE Bakko, M Alverson, J Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM Baszler, TV O'Rourke, KI Suarez, CE Bakko, M Alverson, J Knowles, DP TI Fewer PrPc myeloid-based cells in sheep with the prion-resistant genotype SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE microglia; monocytes; prion; resistant; scrapie; sheep ID SCRAPIE-INFECTED SHEEP; MICROGLIAL CELLS; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PROTEIN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; ACCUMULATION; ORIGIN AB Numerous sheep with the prion gene (PRNP) that encodes for 171QQ develop scrapie, a neurodegenerative prion disease of sheep. Relatively few cases of scrapie -affected sheep with PRNP genetics that encode for 171RR, however, have been found. Using flow cytometric analysis, statistically fewer PrPc-positive microglia and monocytes were observed from sheep with 171RR PRNP genetics than from sheep with 171QQ PRNP genetics (P < 0.05). One possibility for the lack of PrPSc accumulation in brains and lymph nodes of scrapie-exposed sheep with 171RR PRNP genetics is because of fewer PrPc-positive myeloid-derived cells available for conversion of PrPc to PrPSc. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD FEB 6 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000198430.39691.3c PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 012OZ UT WOS:000235349800004 PM 16407757 ER EF